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The memory of music: living with dementia through music

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The memory of music: living with dementia through music

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THE MEMORY OF MUSIC
By
Alejandra Ramos Barreda

A Thesis Presented to the
FACULTY OF USC GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
MASTER OF ARTS
(SPECIALIZED JOURNALISM)
AUG 2018

Copyright 2018 Alejandra Ramos Barreda

THE MEMORY OF MUSIC 2
Dedication

This documentary is dedicated to my parents, Esperanza and Raúl, my brother and my
grandparents who encouraged me to pursue higher education and supported me in this
fascinating and challenging journey. I am also grateful to Arturo, who believed in me every
single day. And last but not least, I want to thank my friends from Mexico, and my new friends
from all over the world for their support and love.

THE MEMORY OF MUSIC 3
Acknowledgments

To the professors on my committee Dan Birman, Megan Chao, Bill Yahraus and Dr.
Kaoru Nashiro I would like to express gratitude for your guidance, and for showing me that I am
capable of doing things I never imagined.
Dan Birman, Megan Chao and Bill Yahraus, thank you for showing me the world of
documentary and for helping me find a new way to express myself as a journalist.
To all members of “The 5th Dementia”, “Tunes for the Memory” and “Santa Barbara's
Band” bands, thank you for sharing your stories, love, as well as your passion for life and music.

THE MEMORY OF MUSIC 4
Table of Contents

1. DEDICATION…………………………………………………………………………............ 2
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………………… 3
3. ABSTRACT…..…………………………………………………………………....………….. 5
4. THE MEMORY OF MUSIC | LIVING WITH DEMENTIA THROUGH MUSIC……...…... 6
5. DOCUMENTARY SCRIPT…………………………………………………....……………. 10
6. BIBLIOGRAPHY…..…………………………………………………………...…………… 18

THE MEMORY OF MUSIC 5
Abstract

The Memory of Music is a documentary about the relationship between music memory
and dementia. Research suggests that musical memory may be independent of other memory
systems since music involves different parts of the brain. For example, the lyrics of a song can
remind us of a specific memory of our childhood or a melody can evoke different feelings. As
Dr. Assal Habibi and Dr. Antonio Damasio
1
found, remembering situations when music evoked
a certain feeling produces an emotional response.

The idea that musical memory remains in spite of dementia is supported by Carol
Rosenstein, wife of Irwin Rosenstein and founder of Music Mends Minds, a nonprofit
organization that combines the power of community and music. They develop bands and choirs
formed mostly of patients affected by dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases.

1
Habibi, Assal & Damasio, Antonio. “Music, feelings, and the human brain.” Psychomusicology: Music, Mind, and
Brain. 24. 92. 10.1037/pmu0000033. (March 2014) 92-93.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263924523_Music_feelings_and_the_human_brain
THE MEMORY OF MUSIC 6
The Memory of Music | Living with Dementia Through Music

Through the Great American Songbook with some of the most popular songs from the
twenties to fifties, including old time classics such as “All of Me”, “Over the Rainbow” and “La
Vie en Rose,” Irwin Rosenstein remembers who he is. As said by his wife, Carol
2
: “When Irwin
had his medication dose decreased and when he was sitting at the piano playing privately, he
would resurrect. Just like a dry flower asking for water.”

More than ten years have passed since Irwin Rosenstein was diagnosed with Parkinson’s
disease and early dementia. While the medication is helping with the tremors, music helps him
with symptoms that medicine cannot relieve: his feelings and emotions. As said by the
gerontologist, Dr. Bill Thomas in the documentary “Alive Inside”
3
: “We have medicines that can
adjust the dials. We haven’t done anything, medically speaking, to touch the heart and soul of a
patient.”

According to the Alzheimer’s Society
4
, dementia is a term used to describe many
different conditions affecting the brain. Some of the symptoms associated with dementia include
memory loss, difficulty with writing, thinking and talking, and often accompanied with changes
in mood, perception or behavior. “Many things can cause dementia. You can have strokes that
cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease causes dementia, Parkinson's can cause it but not

2
Carol Rosenstein Interviewed by Alejandra Ramos Barreda, March 07, 2018.
3
Alive Inside: A Story of Music & Memory. Directed by Rossato-Bennett, Michael. 2014.
https://www.aliveinside.us
4
Alzheimer’s Society. “Types of dementia.” May, 17, 2018. https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/types-
dementia
THE MEMORY OF MUSIC 7
necessarily,” according to Jeff Bronstein
5
, professor of neurology and director of the Movement
Disorder Program at UCLA

The problem we are facing as a society is time. According to a report
6
by World Health
Organization (WHO) nearly 10 million new cases of dementia appear every year, and this
number will grow to nearly 75 million by 2030. By 2050, this number nearly triples to 132
million.

The frustration of losing your sense of self is how dementia works. Dr. Ray Tischer
7
,
former organizer of Santa Barbara’s band for Music Mends Minds, mentioned that
“pharmaceuticals are great to stabilize somebody's brain chemistry, but how do you get them to
deal with really daily issue. A feeling like you're still a human being, and you have your own
identity. You have your own heart, and you have your own claim to being who you are.”

Every part that makes you who you are is controlled by the brain – the most complex
organ in the human body and the least understood. The brain contains billions of nerve cells,
nerve fibers and hundreds of nerve vessels which work together to control your emotions,
behavior, movement, and sensations. Dementia occurs when brain cells are damaged and
interfere with their capacity to communicate with each other.

5
Dr. Jeff Bronstein Interviewed by Alejandra Ramos Barreda, May 08, 2018.
6
World Health Organization. “10 facts on dementia.” March 08, 2018.
http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/dementia/en/
7
Ray Tischer Interviewed by Alejandra Ramos Barreda, February 28, 2018.
THE MEMORY OF MUSIC 8
While it is fair to say that loss of memory is one of the first symptoms
8
reported of
Alzheimer’s disease, research suggests that music can help to enhance brain functions and
improve the quality of life of people.

J.-H. Jacobsen et al. (2014) points out in their research
9
, that it is unclear under what
kind of circumstances musical memory is preserved in patients that suffer from a particular type
of brain damage.

“The truth is, we don't know why it seems to be so helpful but I think it's very well-
accepted from programs like Music Mends Minds that it really does have such a positive
influence on people's lives,” said Dr. Jeff Bronstein
10
.

Researchers and non-profit organizations that work with music and dementia patients,
such as “Music Mend Minds,” open conversations about the benefits of musical stimuli. Music
has been shown to improve the quality of life for many people who have dementia.

Carol Rosenstein, the founder of Music Mends Minds, decide to start this project after
noticing the positive effects that music had on her husband every time he played the piano. She
founded it four years ago in Los Angeles, California, and has expanded all over the world,

8
Alzheimer’s Association. “Memory Loss & 10 Early Signs of Alzheimer’s.” June 10, 2018.
9
Jörn-Henrik Jacobsen, Johannes Stelzer, Thomas Hans Fritz, Gael Chételat, Renaud La Joie, Robert Turner. “Why
musical memory can be preserved in advanced Alzheimer’s disease.” Brain, Volume 138, Issue 8, 1 August 2015,
Pages 2438–2450, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awv135
10
Dr. Jeff Bronstein Interviewed by Alejandra Ramos Barreda, May 08, 2018.
THE MEMORY OF MUSIC 9
including Canada and the Philippines. “We’re now so proud to have 11 active bands and about
nine on the drawing board at this time,” Rosenstein
11
said.

It is important to acknowledge the dangers of dementia. According to the National
Institute on Aging
12
, Dementia, one of the most common symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, is
not only a mental condition that can come with aging, it is a terminal disease caused by a variety
of brain illnesses that affect memory, thinking, behavior and the ability to perform everyday
activities.

During the creation of the documentary The Memory of Music, I learned about the
stigma that surrounds different neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's
disease. And by talking to various members and organizers, I become aware of how people are
not only suffering from a disease that is affecting their health and emotional state, but I also learn
about the alienation that could come with it.

Music Mends Minds Founder, Carol Rosenstein, says programs like the one she formed
helps people to overcome the fear of the stigma and makes it easier for patients to integrate into
the society. Also, she says music can give people suffering from a neurodegenerative disease a
sense of freedom but most important, it helps them to recognize they can do something normal
and to find a way to express themselves.

11
Carol Rosenstein Interviewed by Alejandra Ramos Barreda, March 07, 2018.
12
National Institute on Aging, “Alzheimer’s Disease Fact Sheet.” June 10, 2018.
THE MEMORY OF MUSIC 10
Documentary Script
THE MEMORY OF MUSIC
BY: ALEJANDRA RAMOS
10/10/2018

OPENING
SOT Bob Krasny
Music under
00:00:16:22

Irwin Rosenstein playing the piano at home.
Music is a therapeutic thing for people with
dementia.

SOT Carol Rosenstein
Music under
00:01:11 :00

“Tunes for the memory” rehearsal.
Why not offer them music? Which is a
universal language, it knows no boundaries
and can have such profound effects on those
that the music touches.

The music is medicine for the mind.
SOT Bob Krasny
Music under
00:01:51:02

“Santa Barbara’s Band” rehearsal.

Title: The Memory of Music
There's plenty of evidence that music lights up
certain part of the brain. Now, when you have
dementia, your short-term memory is really
damaged but your long-term memory is
available and music triggers that.

Title: Directed by Alejandra Ramos
Barreda
Fade to black, title card
00:01:56:05

SOT Carol Rosenstein
Music under
00:04:01:18

Carol Rosenstein on camera.

Close up to Irwin Rosenstein in his room.

Post-it notes.

Photos of Carol and Irwin Rosenstein.

About 12 years ago, my husband developed
some symptoms that I recognized clinically
were not normal.

So we had a neurological check and we are
given a diagnosis of an early Parkinson's
situation. Of course, that was a blow. We had
both retired and we were ready to hit that trail
enjoying our golden years in retirement. But
instead, things changed. //

And when we were having medication issues
THE MEMORY OF MUSIC 11

Shot of the roses and the piano.

Shot of the piano at Carol and Irwin
Rosenstein home.

Irwin Rosenstein playing the piano.
with side effects like hallucinations. I called
Doctor Bronstein our neurologist and I told
him that when Irwin had his medication dose
decreased and when he was sitting at the
piano playing privately, he would resurrect.//

Doctor Bronstein confirmed that I was
watching the power of music changing brain
chemistry in Irwin's brain and that the
dopamine neurotransmitter was the one that
was like water to a flower and here the
dopamine was affecting Irwin and his
Parkinson's brain.
SOT Carol Rosenstein
Music under
00:04:46:21
Close up to Irwin Rosenstein hands playing
the piano.

Photos and folders with photographs of “The
5
th
Dementia” band past rehearsals and shows.

I was very excited that music had such a
powerful effect on my husband and brought
so much joy to the both of us in our home.
That I knew a door of opportunity was
opening. //And, one thing led to another. Our
jamming session of four musicians some with
Alzheimer's, some with dementia or some
with Parkinson's, some with traumatic brain
injuries stroke or PTSD. Our core of four was
the seed to a new band called The Fifth
Dementia.
Music full
Establishing Shot – Outside Brentwood
Presbyterian Church
00:04:52:23
NATS of music
SOT Carol Hicks
00:05:01:24

Establishing Shot – Inside Brentwood
Presbyterian Church

Carol Hicks on camera at her home
My name is Carol, Carol Hicks. I'm 61 years
old and soon-to-be 62.

SOT Carol Hicks
Music under
00:06:30:20

“The 5
th
Dementia” rehearsal.

It was about two to three years ago. My doctor
and my counselor that I was seeing about
Parkinson's disease had recently gotten
postcards from Carol Rosenstein, she's
founder of the group.

I asked my doctor about voice therapy,
THE MEMORY OF MUSIC 12

Carol Hicks on camera at her home.

Music full
whether I needed to start working on that
because you often lose your ability to speak
clearly and speak loudly with Parkinson's.
I said, "I like to sing." The doctor said, "That's
the best thing you can do."//

When you go to something like this and you
see other people who have the same disease
and they're further along, it can be a little bit
disconcerting to see what may happen to you
in the future. I think that’s hard for me. // And
I went to counseling for dealing with
Parkinson's because I was feeling that defined
my life. That was who I was. I was Carol
Hicks with Parkinson's.

Then the counselor helped me so much with
just one thing that he said which was, "I'm
Carol Hicks, I'm still a mother, I'm still a
friend, and I'm still all these other things."
SOT Dr. Jeff Bronstein
Music under
00:07:35:07
Establishing Shot – Office of Dr. Jeff
Bronstein UCLA

Dr. Jeff Bronstein on camera.

“Santa Barbara’s Band” rehearsal.

Dr. Jeff Bronstein on camera.

Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases are
diseases. Dementia is a syndrome or
symptoms.

So dementia means // problems with cognitive
abilities such that it interferes with the quality
of your life.// So you can't store new
memories, etcetera. So that is dementia. So
many things can cause dementia.

Where you can have somebody with
Alzheimer's, they can't learn new things but
they can dig down deep and find some of the
things that they had learned before //
//Whether it's directly or indirectly increases
motivation to use your brain more and the
more you use it, the more you're going to be
able to do and the less you're going to lose.

But the truth is, we don't know why it seems
to be so helpful but I think it's very well
accepted from programs like Music Mends
Minds that it really does have such a positive
influence on people's lives.
THE MEMORY OF MUSIC 13
SOT Carol Rosenstein
Music under
00:08:37:12

Carol Rosenstein on camera.

Irwin Rosenstein sitting in the piano.

Carol Rosenstein on camera.

Irwin Rosenstein marching to the sound of
music.
Now, once you've got your diagnosis you've
got chemical changes because can bring you a
bad day. I know those bad days from living
with my darling, Irwin, with his Parkinson's
and dementia.

In fact, his day is a roller coaster. When the
medications are working, and when they're off
and giving him an off time. //

What do I do?// We start to march in time to
the music, because we have learned that the
reprogramming of the beat of the marching
music helps to settle him. It's like a sedative.
SOT Carol Rosenstein
00:09:00:15
“The 5
th
Dementia” rehearsal.

Carol Rosenstein on camera.

The music is medicine for the mind, and it's
the easiest product to sell out there because
Music Mends Minds has become viral and
international. And we're now so proud to have
eleven active bands and about nine on the
drawing board at this time.
Establishing Shot – Windmills Coachella
Valley
NATS of the wind
00:09:09:12

SOT Bob Krasny
NATS of birds and SOT
00:09:13:20

Establishing Shot – Braille Institute of
Rancho Mirage
My name is Bob Krasny.
SOT Bob Krasny
00:09:28:15

Bob Krasny on camera.

Badges of the members of “Tunes for the
Memory” Band and Rita Krasny reveal shot.
And I’m part of the regional team, that put
this together, with the help of my wife, which
makes it a terrific experience that we're doing
together.
SOT Bob Krasny
00:09:44:01

Shot of the volunteers of “Tunes for the
I knew then it was to help form a group for
people with dementia to benefit from music. I
said, "I'm in." I don't know what you want me
to do but I'm in.
THE MEMORY OF MUSIC 14
Memory” setting everything for the rehearsal.
SOT Bob Krasny
00:10:08:16

Shot of the rehearsal program.
Bob Krasny on camera.

And from the start, we were just new, didn't
know what to do. So the first thing we had to
do is come up with a name for our group. We
all came up with all sorts of names, but I was
lucky to come up with the name “Tunes for
the Memory.” Which is a takeoff on theme
song from the old comedian Bob Hope. His
theme song was “Thanks for the Memory.”
SOT Bob Krasny
Music under
00:11:58:22

“Tunes for the Memory” rehearsal, singing
“Tunes for the Memory” song.
So with the help of my sweet wife, we
laboriously wrote lyrics to replace the original
lyrics. I think you've heard the lyrics. An so,
that was a labor of love.//

Music is therapeutic thing for people with
dementia and what caught me is that many
years ago, I had a dear friend who was a little
older than me but had a stroke, he could not
speak.// I said, "Well, let's try something."
Instead of trying to talk to me, sing to me.
Next thing he says, "Hi, Bob, how are you
doing?" I fainted and cried. So right then I
was hooked at the value of music and the
difference music can make in someone’s life.
Establishing Shot – ST. Andrew’s
Presbyterian Church
SOT Ray Tischer
NATS of the wind and music
00:12:13:06
The power of music I think is that it helps us
access our self-more deeply.
SOT Ray Tischer
Music under
00:14:19:20

Establishing Shot – ST. Andrew’s
Presbyterian Church

Ray Tischer on camera.

“Santa Barbara’s Band” rehearsal.
I've talked to some of these people who come
and sing in here and I asked them why did
they choose to come and they said, “Because
we love music.” So I guess I would say that
implicitly they are going to improve or at least
if not improve, slow down the progression of
any neurodegenerative disease.

I'll give you an example. One of our members
who are our band is named Dorothy. //
She has a neurodegenerative disease. Last
week she got really frustrated because she felt
she wasn't playing very well. I went out and
THE MEMORY OF MUSIC 15
talked to her and I said, “You know, you're
doing fine.” I think she just needed a vote of
confidence.

Today, unlike any other week // she was
totally on the beat. //

Dorothy I can see already changing from
seeing how music can be part of her life. My
overall all impression is, every week the band
keeps getting better. That's direct evidence
that something is happening.
SOT Ray Tischer
Music under
00:12:15:07

Close up to Dorothy, member of “Santa
Barbara’s Band.”

Ray Tischer on camera.

Close up to one of the members of the band
I'll give you an example. One of our members
who are our band is named Dorothy. //
She has a neurodegenerative disease. Last
week she got really frustrated because she felt
she wasn't playing very well. I went out and
talked to her and I said, “You know, you're
doing fine.” I think she just needed a vote of
confidence.

Today, unlike any other week // she was
totally on the beat. //

Dorothy I can see already changing from
seeing how music can be part of her life. My
overall all impression is, every week the band
keeps getting better. That's direct evidence
that something is happening.
SOT Ray Tischer
Music under
00:14:37:03

Ray Tischer on camera.

“Tunes for the Memory” rehearsal.
Pharmaceuticals are great to stabilize
somebody's brain chemistry, but how do you
get them to deal with really daily issue. A
feeling like you're still a human being, and
you have your own identity. You have your
own heart, and you have your own claim to
being who you are.
SOT Jeff Bronstein
Music under
00:15:32:20

Dr. Jeff Bronstein on camera.

The main reason why I think we don't have a
treatment to stop it yet is that we didn't really
understand why we get the disease. // Once
we know the cause, we're going to be better-
designed therapies. With that said, we've
learned a lot in the last 10 to 20 years. Pretty
THE MEMORY OF MUSIC 16
“Tunes for the Memory” rehearsal.

much everything we know, the majority of it
was discovered in the last 10 to 20 years. And
now there are treatments that are really being
directed towards the underlying causes.//

So, I think we're very close. It could be within
the next few years that we actually have
something, or they may not work and we have
to move to the next step but we have a lot of
new information.
SOT Carol Rosenstein
Music under
00:16:13:03

Carol Rosenstein on camera.

“Santa Barbara’s band” rehearsal.
As an observation for the majority of our
Music Mends Minds musicians and singers, I
can say that the music is affording them an
opportunity to age in place.
SOT Jeff Bronstein
Music under
00:16:56:09

“Santa Barbara’s band” rehearsal.

Jeff Bronstein on camera.

It’s very hard for people as they get older and
have neurologic problems in particular.
There's a tendency to lose your dignity. I think
it's very hard, these very accomplished,
interesting, wonderful people and they're
being treated like older people that aren't
capable and now they're participating in
activity where they are capable they are
significant and they have meaning. I think it's
so important for people to have that and I
think that's where one of the big benefits is.
SOT Carol Hicks
Music under
00:17:17:06

Carol Hicks singing during the rehearsal.

Carol Hicks on camera.

I keep going and it's because I like it. It's just
singing is fun and all the people are nice. I
keep going because I get a rush from it, I
guess. It makes me happy. //

I think it just is a joyful thing. Somehow, it
releases you. It makes you feel open, happy
and friendly. I don't know. It's just good stuff.
Music has always been that way for me
anyway.
SOT Carol Rosenstein
Music under
00:17:47:01

If we can hold our people to age in place
because most of our people are early to mid-
continuum of their disease process, we stand a
very strong chance of having our community
THE MEMORY OF MUSIC 17
“Santa Barbara’s band” rehearsal.

Carol Rosenstein on camera.

of people stay at home in their familiar
surroundings with their loved ones around
them.
SOT: Bob Krasny
Music under
00:18:49:19

Shot of the projector with the lyrics of You'll
Never Walk Alone.

Bob Krasny on camera.

Tunes for the Memory singing You'll Never
Walk Alone.

Bob Krasny on camera.
You'll Never Walk Alone, that's our final song.
And I used to tell the people, you'll never
walk alone if you don't want to. We're all
together. //

And at the end I would close by saying that,
"Music mends minds and laughter's the best
medicine."

And I happen to be a doctor, I'm a dentist, but
a doctor, and I would tell them, "These are
doctors’ orders. Take your medicine by
laughing because laughing is exercises is
internal jogging and music.

So your prescription for the week is, laugh
and sing until we meet again."
Fade to black
00:18:59:07

THE END

THE MEMORY OF MUSIC 18
Bibliography

Tischer, Ray. Personal Interview. February 28 2018.
Rosenstein, Carol. Personal Interview. March 07 2018.
Krasny, Bob. Personal Interview. March 12 2018.
Hicks, Carol. Personal Interview. March 13 2018.
Bronstein, Jeff. Personal Interview. May 08 2018.

Abstract (if available)

Abstract The Memory of Music is a documentary about the relationship between music memory and dementia. Research suggests that musical memory may be independent of other memory systems since music involves different parts of the brain. For example, the lyrics of a song can remind us of a specific memory of our childhood or a melody can evoke different feelings. As Dr. Assal Habibi and Dr. Antonio Damasio found, remembering situations when music evoked a certain feeling produces an emotional response. ❧ The idea that musical memory remains in spite of dementia is supported by Carol Rosenstein, wife of Irwin Rosenstein and founder of Music Mends Minds, a nonprofit organization that combines the power of community and music. They develop bands and choirs formed mostly of patients affected by dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases.

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Asset Metadata

Creator Ramos Barreda, Alejandra (author)

Core Title The memory of music: living with dementia through music

School Annenberg School for Communication

Degree Master of Arts

Degree Program Specialized Journalism

Publication Date 08/10/2018

Defense Date 08/09/2018

Publisher University of Southern California (original), University of Southern California. Libraries (digital)

Tag bands,brain,dementia,memory,music,musical memory,neurodegenerative diseases,OAI-PMH Harvest,organization

Format application/pdf (imt)

Language English

Contributor Electronically uploaded by the author (provenance)

Advisor Birman, Dan (committee chair), Chao, Megan (committee member), Nashiro, Kaoru (committee member), Yahraus, Bill (committee member)

Creator Email alejandraramosbarreda@gmail.com,ramosale@usc.edu

Permanent Link (DOI) https://doi.org/10.25549/usctheses-c89-67600

Unique identifier UC11671500

Identifier etd-RamosBarre-6718.pdf (filename),usctheses-c89-67600 (legacy record id)

Legacy Identifier etd-RamosBarre-6718.pdf

Dmrecord 67600

Document Type Thesis

Format application/pdf (imt)

Rights Ramos Barreda, Alejandra

Type texts

Source University of Southern California (contributing entity), University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses (collection)

Access Conditions The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the a...

Repository Name University of Southern California Digital Library

Repository Location USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus MC 2810, 3434 South Grand Avenue, 2nd Floor, Los Angeles, California 90089-2810, USA