University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses

A renaissance for newspapers rich and poor

(USC Thesis Other)

A renaissance for newspapers rich and poor

PDF

Download a page range

Download transcript

Copy asset link

Request this asset

Transcript (if available)

Content

A RENAISSANCE FOR NEWSPAPERS RICH AND POOR

by
Max Abrams Zimbert

A Professional Project Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In partial fulfilment of the
Requirements for the Degree
MASTER OF ARTS
(JOURNALISM)

August 2009

Copyright 2009 Max Abrams Zimbert
iii

Table of Contents

Abstract iv

Student Journalists Thrive Despite Ambivalence Towards the Profession 1

iv

Abstract

Professional newspaper reporters describe themselves as dinosaurs. All media is
changing, but none more rapidly than the newspaper. Yet the high school newspaper
tradition continues. No matter what kind of resources exist in the school district,
newspapers take root and enhance the high school experience. Working on the newspaper
is the highlight of students’ days. Published stories are a feather in the cap for some
students. For others in different circumstances, the newspaper article is a year’s worth of
work on a life-changing subject. The achievements and skills of scholastic journalism
programs vary, but student journalists become better students in and throughout life.

5

Student Journalists Thrive Despite Ambivalence Towards the Profession

The newsroom at Beverly Hills High is wall-to-wall computers, save for the
scanner in the corner and the back wall for yearbooks that date back to 1928. Sophomores
Eitan Arom and Jordan Klein are writing headlines on InDesign− journalism software
that facilitates page layout− while John Choi, a junior, changes the desktop backgrounds
to South Korean flags on three adjacent computers.

Klein is the centerfold editor and his section is one of− if not the most− popular pages of
the newspaper, Highlights. This edition’s theme is automotive. Among the stories is a
small pie chart denoting the different carmakers found in the student-parking garage.
BMW won the plurality at 25 percent. Another story runs alongside profiling three
“tricked out” cars− two BMWs and one Mercedes− and their owners who bought the
customized cars for $50,000 and more.

“I guess it’s excessive but it’s a part of Beverly Hills High School− there will always be
people like them,” said William Zhang, a senior and an editor-in-chief of the newspaper.
“I know a few [kids with expensive cars] and they are actually nice. It’s not like they are
bragging about their cars all the time.”

6

Arom, the sophomore opinion page editor, finagled headline space for an anti-Barack
Obama op-ed he wrote. “Obama is anti-Israel,” he says, pulling his hood over his head as
if to shut out Klein’s defence. Neither student is eligible to vote. That didn’t stop Arom
from wearing a McCain-Palin button on his navy blue Berkeley sweatshirt.

Beverly Hills High School, with its fabled wealth and award-winning newspaper, is
actually part of the pack: High school journalism has never been stronger. The National
Scholastic Press Association has seen its membership of high school newspapers rise 50
percent in the last decade from 400-500 schools in January 2000 to 600-700 in January of
this year. The 2006-2007 academic year was the best year yet for new membership.
“That is a slice of what is out there for high school newspapers,” said Logan Aimone, the
group’s executive director. There was “no reason to think [high school] newspapers are
doing poorly or being shut down.”

Administrators and education leaders are recognizing scholastic journalism as a vehicle
to produce better students. Students acquire media literacy through contributions to the
paper- a life lesson that would pay dividends in any career. Moreover, students involved
with scholastic journalism do well on nearly every level of academia as well as
standardized tests. Scholastic journalists earn higher grade point averages, score well on
college entrance exams and demonstrate better writing and grammar skills once in
college compared with students who had no involvement with their school’s newspaper

7

or yearbook, according to a 2008 study of more than 31,000 students conducted by the
Newspaper Association of America.

At Redondo Beach Union High School for example, staff writers are the best students in
the school, said Mitch Zeigler, the journalism adviser.

“It’s interesting because I’m trying to recruit more average and non-AP students,” he
said. “It’s another kind of diversity, and diversity in the newsroom is important… I want
more students with life experience.”

Traditionally, scholastic journalism has usually been laced with nagging anxieties for
education officials. For one thing, publishing is expensive and is thus a striking agenda
item when officials look to cut spending. And sometimes there are subjects
administrators would rather leave to professionals or (even better) go unreported.

“My experience has been that the quality of the journalism program depends on how well
qualified the journalism teacher is,” said Gil Chesterton, the retired Beverly Hills
journalism adviser of more than 35 years. “In many instances the teacher has to teach
journalism as well as English. Plus, you have the fear factor- administrators who don’t
like a free press exercising its First Amendment rights.”

8

California joined Colorado in January as the only two states with laws protecting
journalism advisors from retaliation by school officials. Some school boards and
administrators opposed the bill but were trumped by supporters who said the law
extended First Amendment privileges to journalism advisors.

From Beverly Hills to middle-class Redondo Beach Union High to Crenshaw High in
South Los Angeles, scholastic journalism is far and away healthier than its professional
counterparts. Like the best electives, scholastic journalism is an opportunity for self-
betterment whether the school is public or private, rich or poor, or special needs or
charter. But each publication is a different story.

Commencement is not a sure thing for many at Crenshaw High School, 12 miles
southeast of Beverly Hills. The South Los Angeles community is another world
compared to Beverly Hills. An appeal for parenting classes is among the letters to the
editor published in the school’s four-page newspaper, The Cry of the Cougar.

“Having a course like this benefits the students at this school by preparing them for the
unexpected,” said the anonymous letter writer. The editor replied: “I love this idea; it
creates a new elective so that students can learn more about safer sex, and elaborate on
the consequences of sex before marriage.”

9

The paper, however, is not of a different world entirely. There are reports about the eco-
club’s hiking trip on Catalina Island, a ninth place showing (out of 54 teams) from the
school’s academic decathlon team—common stories of a common high school
experience one would read in Highlights or at any high school paper. But you read The
Cry of the Cougar and there are sobering reminders of where you are. The pregnancy
letter is one, and a front-page headline, “Gang Violence – Old or New?” is another.

“Where are you from? Where do you live?” the lead began in the gang violence article.
In the same paragraph it continued: “These are questions asked by gang members in
California, by not answering could get you killed, answering period could get you beat,
what can you do?”

The author “was one of those borderline students who had some problems and gang
affiliations and different things,” Carolyn Scott, the journalism adviser, said. “He wrote
about gangs, the n-word− that kind of thing. He wasn’t an artful writer, but he put in a
tremendous amount of energy into it.”

The Cry of the Cougar has undergone some changes in between its first edition (in more
than five years) in 2008 and later copies in 2009.

“In the past, the paper has had some thematic articles,” Evan Guerrero, the photo editor,
said. He took a breath from munching on chips and drinking Mountain Dew from two-

10

liter bottles the journalism advisor brought in celebration of the paper’s publication the
same day. It was the second edition these students had ever published. “We’d like to
focus more on what is happening in school” in future versions, Guerrero said.

Crenshaw opened its doors in 1968 and Beverly Hills was finished in 1927. Crenshaw is
largely working class and predominately African-American and Latino while Beverly
Hills is overwhelmingly Jewish with sizeable Asian and Iranian-Jewish minorities. They
belong to two remarkably different education systems, Los Angeles and Beverly Hills
Unified, the latter operating only one high school and several middle schools. LAUSD is
merely the second-largest school district in the U.S. “Today well lived,” is the school
motto at Beverly Hills and appears on the school seal outside the principal’s office.
Murals, Martin Luther King and Mohandas Gandhi quotes mark Crenshaw's hallways.

Optimism persists throughout Crenshaw. The school’s halls are lined with pennants in
blue and gold, the school colors. Each one is made from construction paper− as though
they were part of an after school arts and craft program, and marked with bold black
letters of a student’s name and his or her choice for college. Ambitions range from Duke
and New York University to University to California State Long Beach and University of
Arizona. These hopes rally against the reality of Crenshaw’s lackluster percentage of
four-year college-bound seniors. Crenshaw is a place looking for a rebound.

11

Students there “deal with sophisticated subjects,” Scott, the journalism adviser said.
“Some seniors aren’t going to be journalists but they do well in their classes.”
Fledging programs like Crenshaw have plenty of life experiences, but have to
consistently produce content and master reporting methods to advance as scholastic
journalism program, Scott said.

“So we have to spend a lot of time on the basics,” she said. The students were initially
unfamiliar with the who, what, where, when, why and how questions fundamental to
newsgathering and news writing. Scott produced a handout where students had to answer
the six questions on a story subject. The second half of the handout asked students to
combine as many of the five W’s and H into a one-sentence lead.

“Since Crenshaw’s existence, basketball has been the totem pole of success regarding the
schools [sic] athletic department,” the lead for a football story began. The story’s
paragraphs are at least 19 lines long and the narrative takes the reader through the intra-
school rivalry between football and basketball squads, the emergence the football team’s
consistent victories dating back to the 80s, and this year’s successful season. The last
paragraph begins, “The Cougars have now taken the top spot in the Coliseum league, but
will not be completely satisfied until the ultimate mission of winning the city title is
complete.”

12

Students had been working on this edition the whole semester and acknowledged that
typos and the conversational style must end. The content in the first edition published last
school year read, “like a person telling her friend” a story, said Hyacinth Noble, a senior
and the copy editor.

“This year, we tried to cover a lot of school news instead of topics and opinions like last
year,” she continued. “We were last minute with a lot of things that we should’ve been
slower with. There were a lot of stories cut because they were written in present tense…I
wish we had more pages” because so many stories fit to print were spiked. The paper is
four pages- with advertisements.

The author of the football article is a member of the football team and said he wrote the
story in about an hour at school. The football story replaced another piece about the
cheerleading squad at the last minute when the football team moved into first place with a
recent win. “I stayed out of the politics,” Scott said.

Scott is in her third year teaching. She comes from a journalism background, having been
a reporter for the Los Angeles Times, where she “saw the writing on the wall,” and took a
buyout.

“When I got here, I was surprised a school this big didn’t have a newspaper,” she said.
“Normally, a new teacher doesn’t get a plum assignment like a newspaper.”

13

Crenshaw was having its accreditation reviewed by state education officials at the time of
Scott’s arrival. All schools go through the process of ensuring education standards,
credentials and other paperwork, and school administrators saw the value in a newspaper
almost right away, Scott said.

Her vision for the journalism program starts with establishing a beginning journalism
class for freshmen so they can master the basics and learn from their mistakes. Making
the existing journalism class into an advanced class would weed out time-consuming
errors and ethic. Scott hopes that over time, freshmen who passed beginning journalism
will lead the paper as seniors – the same model at Beverly Hills. “Many of the seniors are
in AP classes, but they still have never worked on a newspaper before,” she said.

Crenshaw benefits from professional outreach. Scott has brought some to speak in class.
Assignments are designed for students to mimic what they read in professional papers,
and lesson plans are drawn from professional resources tailored to high school abilities,
she said.

The National Scholastic Press Association and organizations like it exist to enhance the
journalism experience for students. The professional press has preserved a pipeline to the
high school level, and there are dozens of organizations that exist to aid journalism
advisers at elementary and high schools. Doing so enhances− but above all− upholds
scholastic journalism in the curriculum. The Society of Professional Journalists’ code of

14

ethics hangs on Scott’s bureau behind her desk, alongside her University of California -
Berkeley felt banner.

Jorge Infante is as crucial a player for the newspaper as Scott. He is a production
manager for the Los Angeles Wave, a newspaper serving the South Los Angeles
community. The Wave’s readership is in Crenshaw and about a year ago, the Wave’s
publisher decided to give back to the community. Infante serves as a paid volunteer to the
Cry of the Cougar and a jack-of-all-trades for the students. He designed the paper’s flag
and consistently helps lay out stories, edit photos and text.

“They come into our offices and write their stories. They like it,” he said. “Students really
liked playing around in Photoshop and InDesign.”

Infante’s department has gone from seven to three in the last few months, a symptom of a
weak economy and weaker demand for the printed newspaper. The Wave is full of empty
desks, but the proximity to the students is a welcome respite, he said.

Working quietly like they weren’t supposed to be in Scott’s classroom, two journalism
students were typing newspaper assignments on 5-year-old IBMs in Scott’s period five
American literature class. (She teaches English in addition to adviser duties, as does the
adviser at Beverly Hills High.) Scott leaned over a podium in front of the room and held
forth on a debate about the Puritans and the Bible’s influence on society. “The Bible

15

might be holy in your opinion, but it shouldn’t be forced on us,” one student said in
summation. “And basically− Obama ’08!” He stood now, and threw up his arms while
his audience egged him along. “They do not take it as seriously as I’d like,” Scott would
say afterward. “But it is good exposure for them.”

Infante worked on his MacBook with his back towards the discussion, airbrushing yellow
caution tape out of a homecoming photo. The student photographers next to him were
unsuccessful in tracking down the names of two football players who were going to have
their picture in the paper’s sports page. When the paper came out a few weeks later, the
caption read, “Fotball [sic] Players.”

Another student walked in on the middle of the discussion and headed towards the
computers. A few girls blurted out, “What up” as she took a seat in the back and began
fidgeting with the computers. “Lower your voices,” Scott called out while the newcomer
turned on the monitor.

It took about 15 minutes and three interruptions to Scott’s classroom debate before the
student was able to log-on to the computer. And then the Internet failed.

The digital divide is crystallized by a Los Angeles Unified School District laptop
initiative. For one week a semester, a series of IBM laptops arrive for students to use

16

however they like in class. “It’s better than nothing,” Scott said. “But we don’t get a lot
of notice when they are coming so we don’t really prepare.”

Were it not for some of the affluence in the newsroom, Beverly Hills High School would
be more like Crenshaw- another school with neither the sophistication nor the privilege of
competing at the highest level. Beverly Hills Unified earmarks about $20,000 a year for
printing costs. The two-year-old Apple computers, scanners and printers were paid for by
a community bond measure to get computers in classrooms, and upkeep is one element in
a larger technology budget.

The Cry of the Cougar does not have a budget. It is treated as a club and its financing is
haphazard. When an issue is ready to print, students approach the student government for
money and the request is rubber-stamped.

The paper is published without any kind of schedule. The first issue was put out last
year− the first edition in more than five years. Resources are a problem, and
infrastructure is absent. “It’s hard to build a house without a foundation,” Scott said.
The paper is produced without real design software. “We used to have it years ago,
before I was here,” Scott said. “We are trying to track it down.”

The Cry of the Cougar began as a journalism club that met after school. There is now one
section of journalism class taught. There are about 20 or 25 students, but some come and

17

go. “I have some students who are very into journalism,” Scott said. “Others get placed
there because they need the credits or because of something else.”

Is Beverly Hills High School− a place of study for Monica Lewinsky, Angelina Jolie, and
Rob Reiner− an exception to high school normalcy? “The students aren’t any different
from their peers,” advisor Phillip West said. “Their work is indicative” of teenage trends.
(Crenshaw is not for lack of dubious star power either. Daryl Strawberry, Ice-T and
rapper Too $hort are alums.)

Highlights reflects the day-by-day teenage life at an affluent high school a few stoplights
away from the largest Hollywood talent agencies in the world. The stories that matter are
school news, athletics, and interactions with Beverly Hills community. Career Day, for
example, is usually a front-page story. For one day, classes are rearranged to provide
students with some time to meet and speak with film executives, writers, and doctors,
who lecture students on what it takes to have a career in that field. The paper usually
lands an interview with a top-notch speaker, who probably lives nearby.

Graduating is a sure thing for nearly every student at Beverly Hills High. Highlights
coverage typically lacks teenage pregnancy, drug addiction and violence, mostly because
that kind of stuff does not happen at Beverly Hills High, student journalists said.
(However, they added you could find drugs if you wanted). Onetime, a class was

18

vandalized and the article ran on the front page, and teenage boyfriends-and-girlfriends
notwithstanding, that’s about as overtly dramatic as it gets.
Journalism students hug each other for hellos and goodbyes. They bring in Starbucks for
one another. When they stay late after school, they order pizza. They stress out and are
prone to over-thinking as only teenagers can, but they are among the best students in the
school.

Teenage journalists at Beverly Hills High say Highlights is their favorite part in the day.
The award-winning bi-monthly newspaper has long been on the vanguard of high school
publications, winning trophies that date back to 1973. Last year, the paper won 10th place
in a national best in show competition, arguably the biggest achievement in the paper’s
roughly 80-year history.

Students stay late after school every other Tuesday and Wednesday to put the paper to
bed. The process is so sufficient that “I feel like I only give pep talks,” West, the adviser,
told students. He left the room and the sports editor− a jock− announced how he hates
teenage-celebrity Miley Cyrus, but finds her sexually attractive anyway. He pulled out a
portable iPod-boom box from his backpack and played some hip hop. No one seemed to
mind the music or the hormones.

“I think most people definitely look forward to class,” Zhang, a senior and editor-in-
chief, said. But the affinity for the paper exists so long as it is an elective. There’s little

19

desire among these students to be professional reporters. Do these teenagers want jobs?
Will they really intern in such lousy times? Do they know the kind of fraternity they
would be joining and the growing instability and doubt in journalism today?

“I know you have to work your way up and all, but I don’t think I could do it” as a
reporter, Alex Dubin, the other editor-in-chief, said.

While the feature staff discussed a story on the absence of trans-gendered characters on
television, Zhang logged into his Yahoo account to set his fantasy basketball lineup,
where his team of NBA stars competes with other classmates in the Highlights online
league. When students are not writing, reporting, editing or laying out pages, they are
doing work for other classes or goofing around on the Internet. It seemed like staffers
enjoyed each other more than practicing journalism, for any conversation about the
profession somehow wound back to college admissions where “I don’t know” is the
common refrain.

Complacency can be a problem. Highlights has a pitch structure, sometimes it is followed
strictly, other times it is arbitrary. One student floats an idea to the staff about a story on
the yearbook-making process. Some students are active in the discussion and others
gossip about boyfriend-girlfriend drama or how many games it will take the Lakers to
beat the Celtics in the NBA Finals.

20

“As long as we think it’s doable, we pretty much let them write whatever,” Zhang said.
“We know what is appropriate or what isn’t, and we have an adviser who is there, you
know, to advise us.”

Minutes before, Zhang and Dubin were celebrating a big weekend with their staff. “We
kicked butt,” Zhang announced to the group. Beverly Hills had taken home three first
place showings at a regional “write off” at California State Northridge, where
professional journalists grade submissions from students who compose a story on facts
they receive one hour before deadline.

Last year’s scholastic journalism Mecca was in Anaheim, so expenses were not an issue.
With hotels and airfare necessary to compete this year in St. Louis, the school district
offered to reimburse half of official fees. Student’s families paid for airfare, hotel, and
half of the red tape costs.

Highlights typically gets itself in some kind of controversy about once a year, students
said. There’s either an error that upsets someone high up, or there’s a scandal and
suddenly administration sources are uncooperative. It is not unique to Beverly Hills. But
‘trouble’ in Beverly Hills brings with it a different kind of weight than ‘trouble’ in
Crenshaw.

21

In one edition of Highlights, Diana Elihu reported the opportunities to take college
courses while still in 11th or 12th grade. Two-year schools like Santa Monica College
have a strong presence at Beverly Hills, and typically draw the largest plurality of
graduates into its incoming class. The article unfairly described West Los Angeles
College classes. And one guidance counselor called Elihu into the office for a lecture on
journalistic principles and accused Highlights of lacking any.

Elihu relayed the spanking back to the newsroom. The paper featured “a little box with
several of the important things in the information [the guidance counselor] provided, as
well as correcting the information we left out in the previous article,” Zhang said. “I
guess when we deal with administrators requesting something, we are responsible for
covering it or correcting it.” The counselor “ended up being happy with it, so everything
worked out.”

Another episode came later in the semester over a sex survey students wanted to publish.
“We wanted to take the taboo away from sex,” Zhang said. “It’s ironic that the
administration…” in censoring the survey “…prevented it.”

Crenshaw students might overlap with some of the teenagers who contribute to L.A.
Youth, which bills itself as the only independent Los Angeles newspaper written by and
for teenagers. Donna Myrow has seen scholastic journalism enrich the teenage experience
over the last 22 years as the organization’s executive director.

22

“We certainly saw they had confidence building when you see a byline and you have
500,000 readers,” she said. “They were encouraged to possibly set the bar higher than
where they thought their expectations and qualifications were.”

The paper is delivered to 1,400 libraries, schools and youth centers in Los Angeles
County. It is a nonprofit and draws additional support from more than 5,000 donors,
including the Annenberg Foundation, Apple, News Corp., and Northrup Grumman.
Since 1988, L.A. Youth has nurtured job and educational skills, and provided a forum for
communication to foster a stake in civic life for young people. The students who
consistently contribute get a lot of mileage out of the experience through one-on-one
mentoring with the newspaper’s three fulltime editors, Myrow said.

The L.A. Youth students are also at least a little skeptical about journalism initially, she
said. Students’ stories are deep, thematic and akin to some of the early work at Crenshaw.
One story is about making friends. The arc begins in first-person with the shy author in
middle school, being consistently judged, but eventually learning in high school to be
herself and understandings how friendships come naturally.

Sometimes writing a piece can take a year, but L.A. Youth adult staff are there to make
sure stories find their way into newsprint. One story that took upwards of around nine
months was one writer’s experience befriending an acquaintance who, word on the street

23

had it, was pregnant. The pregnancy broke the longstanding stereotype girls who did not
care about school were the ones who get pregnant. The two girls bond over the pregnancy
and the writer comes to grips with the Juno-inspired irony of studying the reproductive
system one year later. “She was really young and shouldn’t have had to go through it…
These are just girls who didn’t think about the consequences of their actions,” the author
concludes.

Throughout the writing process, students “take away something very profound,” Myrow
said. “It has a very deep impact on their lives. Some students have [gone on to having]
children and continue to keep in touch.”

Participating in L.A. Youth is a lesson in dedication. Teenagers make long bus trips,
parents drive across the county or social workers will make house calls to get the
teenagers to the paper’s offices near 3rd Street and La Brea Avenue. Their work towards
the publication enhances their resume and college applications, Myrow said.
Editorial meetings are held every Saturday afternoon. Anywhere between 15 and 40
teenagers will come ready to assign stories and talk about stories, progress, and
community news.

Other stories are a slice of life and one teenager’s mission to find the best shaved ice in
Los Angeles. Her story made a buzz and writer Lida Dun made an appearance on KPCC
as a shaved ice connoisseur.

24

L.A. Youth takes advantage of its participants and organizes events to expose teenagers
to the social forces at work in their lives. A few months ago, five teenagers from different
communities lead a roundtable with civic leaders on violent communities and the goings-
on in schools and neighborhoods. Such a seminar would be newsworthy at a school like
Crenshaw, Redondo Beach or Beverly Hills.

L.A. Youth is “very different than a school setting,” Myrow said. “Some of our teens are
gay students who have been bullied or abused, and they find this a very safe place.”
Myrow said demand for hard copies of L.A. Youth is off the charts although it is more
reflective of the digital divide than a need for newsprint. “The newspaper is so valuable
to the people we reach out to and how it’s used in the classroom,” she said. “‘We have
one computer in the classroom so I have to download [L.A. Youth content] at home,’ are
some of the stories we hear. Students are getting online…but schools are very far
behind.”

Just like their peers who play baseball or soccer and do not “go pro,” many student
journalists will not pursue journalism as a profession. But that’s okay-- students, advisers
and observers said, because the experience is fulfilling. Students emerge fluent in media
literacy, a valuable life lesson in this complex digital era.

25

Scott, the journalism adviser at Crenshaw continued speaking about the gang violence
story. Its author, “can keep the articles and I think his sense of accomplishment will stay
will him the rest of his life, that he wrote those articles and people will say, ‘you did
that.’”

Abstract (if available)

Abstract Professional newspaper reporters describe themselves as dinosaurs. All media is changing, but none more rapidly than the newspaper. Yet the high school newspaper tradition continues. No matter what kind of resources exist in the school district, newspapers take root and enhance the high school experience. Working on the newspaper is the highlight of students’ days. Published stories are a feather in the cap for some students. For others in different circumstances, the newspaper article is a year’s worth of work on a life-changing subject. The achievements and skills of scholastic journalism programs vary, but student journalists become better students in and throughout life.

Linked assets

University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses

Conceptually similar

PDF

Occupation journalism: a comparison between American news coverage of Iraq and Japan

PDF

Tracing a history: an exploration of contemporary Chicano art and artists

PDF

America's new poor

PDF

Gold rush [images]

PDF

Gold rush

PDF

World without a newspaper

PDF

Substitute teachers become permanent fixture in Los Angeles schools

PDF

Helping students find a way home: one case at a time

PDF

Choosing between private and public schools in Los Angeles

PDF

Dorsey High School: a lesson in transformation

PDF

The big revival: how improved career training programs generate new opportunities for high school students

PDF

Disabled in South Gate: three special needs students conquer the CAHSEE

PDF

Scientology and the state: Narconon's influence in the prison system

PDF

Survival

PDF

Jack McEvoy: From his rise to fame to the end of his game

PDF

Unequal justice: juvenile sentencing in California

PDF

How Los Angeles fiction authors make a living

PDF

Marching bands in television and popular culture: the USC Trojan Marching Band appears on “Glee”

PDF

Teacher safety doesn't make the grade in LAUSD

PDF

International Society For Krishna Consciousness

Asset Metadata

Creator Zimbert, Max Abrams (author)

Core Title A renaissance for newspapers rich and poor

School Annenberg School for Communication

Degree Master of Arts

Degree Program Journalism (Print Journalism)

Publication Date 08/05/2009

Defense Date 04/27/2009

Publisher University of Southern California (original), University of Southern California. Libraries (digital)

Tag journalism,OAI-PMH Harvest,scholastic journalism,Youth

Language English

Contributor Electronically uploaded by the author (provenance)

Advisor Celis, William, III (committee chair), Kun, Joshua (committee member), Seib, Phillip (committee member)

Creator Email max.zimbert@gmail.com

Permanent Link (DOI) https://doi.org/10.25549/usctheses-m2493

Unique identifier UC1281345

Identifier etd-zimbert-2799 (filename),usctheses-m40 (legacy collection record id),usctheses-c127-173993 (legacy record id),usctheses-m2493 (legacy record id)

Legacy Identifier etd-zimbert-2799.pdf

Dmrecord 173993

Document Type Project

Rights Zimbert, Max Abrams

Type texts

Source University of Southern California (contributing entity), University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses (collection)

Repository Name Libraries, University of Southern California

Repository Location Los Angeles, California

Repository Email cisadmin@lib.usc.edu