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University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses
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Social functions of the churches in a changing community with special reference to social processes
(USC Thesis Other)
Social functions of the churches in a changing community with special reference to social processes
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rtation the { - e ol The Un 0 Sou h o n a Thi di·ssertatioti, written by Robert Harley Jordan •~••••~•••••••••••••-•••••••• • •• • • - • • •• • ~••••••••• • ••• ~•••-• •--~••••••••••••••••••w•••••••••••••••• • under the direction of._JJ.1.«Juidance Committee, and approved by all its members, has been pre sented to and accepted by tlze Faculty of the Graduate School, in partial fulfillment of re quirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ....... : .. ...... ··•• ~-~--~-- .. . .. . . .':------------ ~--- ~· ~ ~ . , · Dtan Date9.J1.7f'··...{p Committee on Studies 'fr(~_ /.f_.__ ~~~ ; ~~~~ . ~ -~ # , ( ·- ! .' ~;~ -A.,---H~ ~ .tL· .... - .. • , ~ .. tat 4 • f • . mpor·:-· 0 • Def -- .J. ~; {j t. . • • "' " t • • • • • • • • • s t ~tutions • • "' n~ ._ • • • • • .. * • • • • +· ;,\le )attern \J w • .. .. • • • .. r • • .. .. .. • • • .,l 1.cti . .,. ~~ j...:) • " • " ., .. • • ,, ' . 'r ""'8(" >es .,, . ) • 0 • • • • • • - d • • • • • • • • • ... .... • • .. ~ • • • " C "' . ~ • .. • • .. • " .. • 8 ,r· • • • • • 11 <t . Oi • un ty sett:i. • • • • • • ification of adult as oc V. SOCIA.u CHAr . . J CHURCH AND COiVU\11 • • • re pa • • • • • • • • • • • • • • VI. uO~I LIT RACTIO OF LE DERS ffi RS • • Lea er a c urch embers . l • died . . . . Part cipation ~n church and co munity ;.ctivities . . . . . . . . . ..... Participation in leisure activit ~ . . .. . A quaintanceship and ass ciati • • • • • e · ~ i -a.. nce . . . . . . . • • • • VII. • • • • • • • • • VIrI. ERE . .,TI T • • • • . . . - • • • • • • • 69 83 83 87 106 114 7 169 'O • • • C • C Schedule 235 Questionna.J.re f . • • • • • 237 Modified Bogard s ous dista11ce test· • 24 Schedule for O · • • • • • • • • • Tables con nf rmation on the c :.rurche • • • • • • 244 G. and • • • • • • • • 255 I. II ... IV. v. (. of ed in Da-c of b.e nee Test 1951 , f' Newberg of hurch Members ire and • • • • • • • • of # ocia ' r• • • • • I. Birthplaces of VII. Church embership since 1910 . .. . VIII. Chui ch ,1embership Gains in 1951 • • • • • IX Chuc Membership Losses in 1951 • • • • Date of Organization for Church Groups , . . " • • • • • • • • • • • tion'J t • (.;hurch _. - ,- "! ,. , - The -1 .A.' . aders . , • • Prob in ewberg, Characte ... st • Characteristi • XJ{I. Average ttendanje 1 nurch Group 1951 .. • • • . . • • • • • • • • • • • Attendance by C • • Chu1ch Attendance b., • • • .r . ous Act1v_t1.e . 99 - V ~ • s " ty ~ ') ~ f .... ~ " ,, . • ')r 7":\ ,., ~ .. • I .. .. .. .. . • • XXX. C of nurch Me •· XXXI. cc f aders • • • • • of • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • of ewberg Leaders towar Religion Listed Below • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Sex of Ch1rch Leadership • • • • • • • • f Chur,ch Leaders • • • • .. • • • • • • • • .. \ I LIX. L. ewberg Assoc~ati0n Membership1 LI. I.II. LI.,. . Leaders and Church r ember • Church Members Belongin 0 A ~ociation • • • • • • • Average umber and Per cent of Participat·ng in Each re ctivit es Distance ..,uotJ.ents f e V¥°b e ,.,,er <- • " • • OU-.:. ces of 'h. 1 J._ of • • of • 0 • tre • GE 28 .. _rr. • • • • • • . . • 256 I C ·denc..._.s of C 1embers • • • • • • • • 257 if. 1 1ap of g '1r1ov ing Re idence.;::; of C.,r. .. r·ch r-.1embers • • • • • • • • • • 25 , .,.. .. 'l - "' l l ewbe. g Showing Residences f Christian 1 -" C u ch Memoers • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 259 VT_ . f rewberg :1Low n,.r >-\:: • L.e .:,iaences of Church ,, 1 1 embe .... ''.). • • • • .. • • • • • • !Vi ( C' .c iing e • ::'iid o· Ctiurc,"' • , Go r1en • • • • • • • • • 261 •• t· t r: -~E,siden 0 I .. ~ emb • .:, en • .., • • • • ap of N £ • Latter-· Church • & • 266 ap 1 em • • • 267 V. nceo 0 ember) • • .. • • • • • • 268 I. ~1· n!Y Re .. idence 0 .e era.; • • • • • • • 269 X 7 II. ap of• ew ing Resid .n Presby e ian ~ e. ber • • • • • lfap ,f' T e berg :> • • • • .. 27_ ·-x ,' ;.. -. f .~) I{ ·O V • I J I'. l t\1emb ... ' - ' • _, ! i '?,,, " • • • • • g l ., r , ,- .. ; TP.£ tatement of th - • The put1) of this scover · :~n, in thei community detting. occur within the chur · and the fr .. groun, e r ffec . ~ . T a:o · ex n ple, doe th th ,, • , ;.J 0 l~ l an churc and th commun T J' it p Amer: · hu of person a co,mon geo raphi a re· ~ ~ r a u si nifica ty cans a testiv for soc commu ity s f II t under t oni n t o a extent than a lar er c unity ere tudied. This . c urc n s f ts community relation- church canno nde ... od when detached from ·ty ett • a pait of he e pattern: in 0 and is,. s cal C:Jf the te uece. y t e 0 So ial c . So .a ------ of social r lat 1 hange is the modification consequer1tly, of the productf! ~ of these re t· alterations an , in the struc tur. Co u unity: . A community is co posed of persons and that n uence each othe 1 .. 1d a ar Sa S C -CU ts of' . .:·es ts and · Its local tut. • the ,urs eattern. ing and community by the the e culture pat·,. "ing characteris the iven time and place. R~ligion is American culture pattern, and this study is concern .,, · s .none small Amer can town. ~· vl.Onf'. performed by their own members istic rec Jnclu i. e process, co1 .:, ips ~ These relat un::. v . . '· ·al. 5 Small sa s ing r progresses fitted i vO the oppositic t re man 11 differ nt .......... _ ........ ..,....... bott - , character- • Socia 1. of re lat·· • : .. 1e s a..mont: tance bet f'leen '7 a group.' ut t , deal nd accommodat. •· f soci, 1 • ~tween groups_ and betwee are many di::~"" er~ it kinds o study will soc a."' di - nc(:s; that is, re1·g10, . . J( J.. as tte occur - n , churches it tru 1( .. react L U ltua coae. i ... n ch rch Church . church is a ro p or 0 anlzed for the pur suit of a common religious intereot. Sect A religious sect is a reli ious group dis - om some mother church or churches. ..sc't say •uifferent or hostile cad it, p here~ the sect is 1 grou, aid the church is e enden pon the upper rom the lo ·er c asses. 9 vol ~mtary as~oc a:tio, thar is 0 !" nto t ion. T ~set ,. ..,, .. ... , t by con- der.om1 9 . e o s parate 1 tsel.f from ; e from a c both ndepena n' fr. ily to the tat. chu ch so rop roup hich are calle enom nat on contain mo tly chu•ch-tyPe char ter- d a ect. The ect l ck · c tholicity but a it beco es a t i tn. or gi te by i tor1city ana lf o 1 at d ' Olic ty de h sect . t a .J..S a tutioi · l "e as it ieetc, the n -:d for _r. · 1g 1 ts rnembe ~. ata 1 c .mmon confusio I 1 u will al o nmunity Ministerial Z TION OF THE e to nd "de- to the The pattern of the Ir· " - r • social change at the pre- "'I r· ont· n :. c.~IJ'I' •f al inter- O!. ' . r.'I ·at:Lonship be- twe n _, e c ... menb chur ·r f'_n .:.. an:l of the. r ch ce al. o i ons is fou din f_ les of the Graphic, and Chahal ere books and its c urche C a.pte-r. or --clpplied mot of. other church~ ader~ as~ the resid~nts of, l rch 235-j6 as Appen x ~ and h leader co unity. Because es and as oc ations, a 1 .e ld off· ce . owever, on .. the nurches. some 1 ppears on pages 1th chu. ch leaders or as. s ze OJ. e percent e oft t ns of t ir mem e office- n m n an thei wives 'l re eaders, an t pr 1 ento and community from the association lead rs J was· s d · .... • e co uni - ch s a ,.-- ·nro nterv e sociat on • Frequently the . r pecif c ~hie pears on page 2. a re ~for ation on the of compar'ng them ndi t er role in the com- r thi chedule wa obta ned vhe secretaries and uestions in ,. ,,,~ sc edules were fol- 0 · 1 · ndi v1.d 1 in tance he ch.,dul 0 of churcl1 1 ( ;I g to compl · ly o·,. writ - ., y leaders during i rarioun n eeting eac ator hr-ch , not hi resi- , t e advantage the a 1 bser er as o of the t Sine .ti tc, obs ·aus ..,he oci b fore h It t st ,I" r L.-,~·, huma g oups ~ithou b~coming a nvironm ~t a e .. 1 • - a pos'"~ible o ,, -~1 ... u . ies of the so 1 what oeing- an of the h pote tial an pa t n t 1 · 0 of the groups the ob- is ble to the,. 2 ..:!.d1lard C. Linde the Stud~ or Function. shing ompany, 1924 r- · roups from part .. c .; the > 1 , . ro..1. 0.J who pa t C pate _ ,,..,.._"" a..;. .. t e han .. on ne an a oC e disti • h bet..,- t ese study a ' • cti V" -0 'J en alo e rray adeq, resea pplement m thods It 1 de ~table not t e interview as op I • que n · ease_ tl1e a c .. acy of th ., a . erview d give :J oidi ,... .... ing it .. J.f$0 ques: c.' I but the an .. wh v e • In t 0 t V church church at . embers wer - members le has been expla _ce te t A .1 u they ere 11 as church a ers were ac . adult- rs ere those who or twelve times a to fill o the forms ~1. conrist O activ_ a Ult Church me,bers ·rh 1 .J.S J t e p and church chedule~ t o.l1naires and rel - · ~oulct be d.1. ""'tan --: e to member.:-; .. for church cnurch · or were abi:> nt when tbe ad religiou Ecolo ice. spot aps were use to in - cation of Lhe res d nee .. _~ed within th city of N .. vJbe g. the location~ of ~hutc sand ca e he lo- e1 e.L. s al, as~oc ation,. No attern t est -.ate th ex- tent to which ecologiccJ a... ors deter·m ne ible su~)j ct c-.d i.11 some vet • e a , a ers answer ll· 1 the dist J., ~ . a t ,... _onna re ty-+ 0 C d d leaders sch dlll • Th forty one of the pre d- t a fe othe co unity Ic. d c .. ude the ✓..h . . ~ .c;d.ghty D.ea er { fo1-:t r r i 11 rt -...__:_z g. tool{ t e of the selec fron1 ro of the l ers and thirty- .e e sh·p . cl d .. all but at o , pl s a d · 1e· v chrrchel,J had o ) . • , :L t a th' y-thr seventy-e o church Thus, n arly in the 0 1 c 4 te Tw account for the rns o 11g ous from at n chur • Th m · t ted e .ngs 0 • oreover, , and by t1'1 time the relig OU' edit .!.but at1.on. ~ ere b 1.t th forms, and ce 0an-ca e of 1.10 members too the que tance te t. c .... be r some c ther e fron1 94 Per: cent 450 • ( . 8 601 1 Religious istance t st l~o Pe 260 156 49 .4 41 t d · tance ·;e members in to over-est_t11a.te ·· r>ticipant ol:>s rv· tion certairil r 1c thodist minister over-estimatea 1 his church which attended ~ elve times a year. Except fr the pa_ticipw ~ ].ace fr m 1949 to 1952, the ·:> t :l · 0··0 ..L . _ _,)-. Except for 1icl1 all sta.tistica· .• the had a "act ve 11 ~ onth and belong • .stionnaires .. ts the most , number of may h.ave been f members month or n ,:h·· ch took I. they wil ppear in ~ . ibl of each type of literature Book deal of r tu e een made - c' urch c nown c and few exatnples here. ·e one type tudies have s . ral Tley have f tne urban s ti •:J'a t · on of the more Edrund I1 es. n"' deal 0 • . ey the·~ C as fort e l t: . part m hod ias sed ... xtens y H . th 1 a.s., 6 and ithe s. 7 T e a tnors analyzed .:,I obser the c U C es a o · th t e ot. cornmun ~tY niza "nother ro ity tudies to hie Holl n ·s ea .. al o elon consi te of st d_e on soc al strat fie t on· the com.mun tf1=1 a d ch rch s. Th a e W1t tu e C. the soc a1 1 re 8 an at tem 9 of a co mun t ... a e probably the 4 'Jo pacv of : 1eyan 6 ranville ick y , 1946). Robert Tran : S. Ly 1d Stud cour ce and lp Sall .1..own ( e 7 Carl Withers tP'- don.rm .... A. (Nev1York: Colun1bia n~v -- 8 . Llo d arn r and Pa 1 S Lunt, ·- of a ~odern Communit ( ew Haven. Y(. i.- Uni v · 41"). • • e t Tl - . Jof1n · r1ville 1.fe - nalyzir- "1' have analyze0 .u co and "institution.n 1 3 t of such~ 1:giou a~~ .. L 'Oe 1 tsc has analyzed tn ::· _ J _ urch-type and sect-typ- - ·------- l Aurra~ _ ~ r of the us nre-rc- ·. _ ,. ,~,__,..,,.._._ , I Robert t an"' H. Gertl Page tion," evelop- \ cial Histo.:.. ,- oom Community oJk: ~_..,..;_:_ ~ Gre. 12 Ed' rd C. S Lindeman · to th._ 0tudy of Function ~--·c is11ing Company, 19: • .L 11 'faciver and C arl• ... ~,. s (:re Yo k: ~ - ... _,..._ ch, vols ,. a t~ ar:·· researcb h D udies are also •Y ~ on ains material ':!l"'urch s u · levan e app .i.. ;. 1..1, - eeial emp as_ of thi cal processes as they de t.de Ne ber · churches. a , Charles Sam -1 Braden, ..:,_'-uf o ~ Modern Amer·lcan Cul ts :nen s TNew York: 4 Tfie Macmillan These Also Bel·ev~: A nd Minority-fi 11s1ousr.1ove on1pany, 1949J . 16 . .. Elner . . Cl rk, The Small Sects Abin don-Col{esbury Pre·s ... , 1949) . in - unerica (r. e York: 17 H. Richar·d ationalism (New 01 • .rg, a to~ Coun Sea , d s t ~ 0 · th 0 e western u • lo ,.c n t of ewber. d lle, er , ew- ne- es, hicl runs Thus, hi.le ew r too r r (al .es o-r and to ew re ity. 'he tvlO ~ocac o .s of the '~ult ~ssociationsJ ,. or, a.bout a mlle .J •• C . O' 'II .. ·eel that the,., The ton, so it is not shown O ly seven re ·ular meeting pl ces of the as appear n ,i:-.f ap because several associati ;• :~, , ; · ;,, ~ I ,, "' - #"-• • r . r ~ " I " ;II . •• _,, . _.. . . 4Jl • - ~ ' • ~ . I .. • -· - - 1- • fl . - • 1 .. ,1,i I :, ~ • j -- " " I • •• - • • " / I • • ... :\ r ; j I ~ ~ ·- - ~ - i ~ I i ' ' • • .. ,..,;:.._ ~ h t ~- ' - ' ' ' ' . ~ . 1 ... :- i~ -'I__.., _ -! --- , 1 .. "" I - nch t e right-hand fo ln•,·-d Wit th se map. th 1 e heavy center or town is the 1 in ·( ,. .•.. al o runs th ough town • o creeks. 'hehalem Dundee, ley. They 1s locate of town . boun ares h c cal atellit r crest, ana Fern od a e o o aro e berg. for the resident~ o' Newberg'. ch rch o try ne hborhood Je· berg . ,,,., all to 1,1; t population was lo t is aJ. 1 .. s s (' .l 00 • jun or hi h sehool , gh All are publ eept controlled ego Yearly It a na co aving two fa ul ty n1embers J y;ear the h gh cl ool 't ~ '1· t e (j nior ol ha,~ t wenty teachers an the lementary □cho ,. .., _d thirteen teachers. ,Just on representative in I for ~he blood bank in 1951 (a doctor, five · u1 es, ani , lunteers a1 · do . ors . Yamhill C :, ·1..1losis .t • J_ ce in antl Chr cot:nty. Tl ., lead ng uraphic_ . w1- 1 ~h had a <- .1:. -~ an ad Chehale . and the 600 at week, on week - Newber; noted for sue .. vegetables. also has soru -~ ber., but· t industrial to • L • pital i r.;1 . ,. t J 32 with n convenient resort, it i publ c 111. the 1 all. ol, another par cout activ ties buil 1 One mo i theat r ha ·_l noug the attendance ·ty t the f rst of the r filled to capacit • 1· a .. agric ltural valley hops, cereal, and , ers. It 1 c~ucts and tim 0 that an "' OS- 1ere are etail auto- are does the n et rell Luber Co h l chanical Nu C r, t and f 1 ' s ell rr es . 2 l r t ., old org n 2 ... wberg, 7. co ember·s .1 ndi ':J' rura a,.. the result of ..,oup conf 11.c ~., some c .lt associations hav had new groups sp: 1~c The pred nee of Wt; ie R grot s two adult Six Chambe:r, rr·-e.,.., • .... .,iatio , · h male he f;1i 1 st the Me ' ... n stud t nece ar t v ~re ed by , ,, older). f Re Health As . ocia h _d 'j ..t.c:1C .. ace-to-race soc1a· r g ·oup • It .. oula al o be Wo eL 1 1 Auxiliary ing Club • 1 'oreign ar ... J ~eign ars ilia ·y ~1an Temperance Union 1 U ion Veterans Club . e American Revolution r Fello ship Gar en Club ion 1 . ":) l h 1 t::: 12 12 11 10 9 9 8 8 7 6 131+ 57 35 39 200 . ·o T 15 23 18 23 9 14 10 1 sh strictl , but the servic onal Women• 1' gt groups fr l 1:i th some C-1.vlc tio for community , e Chamber o bu iness lassi 1cat1on of ch inclu es both atd th foll in W.C.T.U., C ic Cl b, y str ctly prof ss nal or be included groups fa.rm groups are the Home Extension. the La en' Prayer chu ch Community: It Provi ion an elfare---r-New York: , PP. 223-2zr. characteristic o intimate face-to-race relation of ch rou are cal e i a bee tat Ci z ton unti[ a cit ut u ... lt in form- ... to t at stat n1ent: its churches page 28). • ' . :i - ~ meets _n a pr v e . Lei - th . dium- and ana. Clar us - icago: -1-2~.-- 6 Ibid., p. p. here were ninetee the ameless r ities, following seven 1 As ociati .stance s. rec e in Dunde, owing n ne ssociation and co- hrs e . , the questions for ch~rch '{ distribution of any uestior-'..r-lai ... e - 1 However, he id intr.oduce the members of his ch ho ere abl ply the data for th church ched e. Church answered the leadership the the distribut tests. The ated· the Namel ders than any ot also answered the leadership otherwis the church schedule By-la is out of re minat ... .... co-opera" with the other churches, b tit ha re~ sect-characteristics. The Christian Science .... u: ...... ~; her than ged tot n • sses were the most aggres ive ect n e churches of e ber f t rah r of s ct 7 Th Sev nth- • 11 ovah' s are i t C or ·r ey as ze th ev ] t nst tutions; thy , e t c tolo • e C u t e aza en Ch re, ace th, e erfect a pear un s l to e e Frien tor Ye r-1"' Me ti 1 o controlled by the holiness group . The A sembly of God and Revival Center are also perfect~ 1 -ut they differ f~om he others in believi f to11gues follows wanctification. The~ or . l"' T. Clark., The Small Sects in on-Cokesbury Press, 19~9), pp. ...... classification legalistic or. .,i.,.Jrethren and and Seventh-d r' teri tics 'jectari oenomina~2. sect cl'· ar ad 1th r1stic or r ~pee ally evi- rcl1 s. ct trait of th .n trait o the Churc of r, and ,o have a high a Cent r h d URE 1d · r HenrY:" o· ·11shed a Califo~n a home ber ,o thy tin , th r t riend et ng ,..._ ~ .. t. • a equ t as nt to or l in, 1 t - 3 • The foundin a 0 t C C II on pa e e 0 0 ro 1 , t- C C rs , . or a iz cept t C ;. r,, •1 f d in 1951. ted: Assembl:>r, c1 Ch rch of God, ... , H illiat Hob 0 er , Quarterly, 34: June -- Nedry, uThe Friends Come to Or.egon: • , Ore on Historical Quarte , 45:195 1944. . .... ,,.. ~ 1949 1951 ( n e 0 . , ,;i ., Fi, ' . .. . ~ \.' . .. ~ I '· I 1 " 1 ·,,. 0 Association TABLE IV I G AT OF ux 1 ~~e er can Revo u · ., fJlub Veterans erial Association Auxiliary · 1 ood Cir·c le on 1900 1900 1901 1902 .... 08 ~. 916 919 1920 1927 1927 1929 1929 1938 1939 1 51 ,er e tablished in 1901. 4 A sav ngs bank was established in 1936, a co mercial ba as e tablis~ ...,d 1': " in e ber has ome, but a st rted h nd t , a d a co r e t Hoo a open d in 1880, or h h schoo dat s from 1941 bra ch 0 tarte i n 1945. any o 1946. halem V lley e start e- a C in 19 9. eteen tudent . menta SC ool : ~~ :?ted in 1900, an Red Cross e b ociation before tr ,- bu 1 t church structuri.:~l' , but · time the churches litnes .. cept the Revival Center, Name J";h3::~ :. and Jehovah• s owr d c urc:J. bu. ldings. The Revival Center rent~ th , bu lding that uQed 1 , . long to the Church of 4 _ Survei ( ewberg, Oregon: 6. C College'~ Oregon, th Be h n. T V 937 o 1942 0 • ro 9 4 to l o 93 0 a e 0 1913 • s C J C 0 re 0 90 0 i I • 0 t 1929, r n n 1948 Te mot co ettlem t of on cw1,. _...., of ori ople of at fait t t C 0 t e C • 52 ly c urch that to 0 al 1 0 191 th t o e r o 89 0 t od o 22, es as .. · 1 en for the ori n of t e Ch .,ch of , Church of od, Friend ch, Jehovahr litne ses Lutheran Church, thod_ t Church, Presbyter·an Church, anl ventist Chlrc1. f e Bapt~st, Catholic, and Morrno chu.rches .·tarted out mis or l organ ?ed by their ·, nominatio.s. However, dettle nt of their p ople in Jew- berg caus d these churche to stabli, t ons ar ss ewberg, but not fort to avert~ e themselve ir the re u t of se'tlemen - t C ur r o in tat a hu C me 1 V ur of h" C urch are re at 0 cf t 1e Chr·s an n h C ·ence a a s l,e y rea • n C ti t o. 1 r1. C orig n oft e chu c in Ne ber t a 0 0 heali xperjences fl ct. Di .3·· __ ven a lazarene trch as well as the enom nation. T.e lazarenes felt that the Met1odists were ignorin_ th sanct fication; they made tis doctri1 of entire centra in thejr church. The Assen1bly Church 1,,esul ted from a revival at the Ba tit Chu ~ ch. Dur ng evival an ber of t revi v , the revival fr a , ~ .. any Dun ard Bret re bac slidin b 0 ca c urc in C acqu r n ts u t a ly n t e e the Br 1J:i1ental mus_c n the d ministry, and ignorin plain jeT elry and cosmetics In 1948 the ta_ted in entecostal churches in a in and pay r piritual gifts n , no n ton ues, and claimed to have urn of od's p r·t and a ne~ love. na- on ·ent letters to _ts inister them to ha e obj ction to he move th n to do with the movement. The t as ostensibly ba ed on the fact that some of t leaders hac been guil tJ of di vorc': th ir iv s butte movem nt was a threat to th · r:ation. The sse :bly is the lar\se 1 ... ; n in tion; it has a salarfec e · ar more orderly than those c i t.r mor· . . ueLtec o > 1 groups . A Latter-Rain gro Wings of Iiealing, met s .,1 t 1 Newberg Asse bly Chu·. When the minister opp th , Lat er iu movem nt the , 0 val Ce t .... data on birth Odum• s clas ifica- t on of state into six n1ajor areas wao 1. ollowed to indi- cate th ir birthplaces: the Fa West : .,~ · - sh regon, California, and Nevada; the No· Idaho, ontana, JoJ. th Dakot , Sou ,.1·, yo1J ing, Ne - ~iddle States in- bra~ka, Utah, Colorado, and Kansas; elude .inne-0v2, Wisconsin, , Iowa, Mis o ri, no..i;s _1 Indi +L. · 1 ortheast includes a ne, ··ew York, 1\/ia achusetts, Rho e > Arkansas, Loui~i lor·da. 6 _Jearly all leaders t:r· ~ 1Jni ted State the Middle the Soutfiwest includes Carolina, _., ipp , Alabama, · e birth- the leadin l"\ : = : : Birthplace 1idd - states 0 tht'est Fa • w st outh.west 10 Northeast 11 Southeast 6 -- Ta,i~ive-born 392 n-born 26 ·- ~~18 • T .B~ V OF CHUTIC -: -rial 2.4 r;> 6 -. 1.4 93. 8 6.2 100.0 Non-• As 3l J 4 ....... ...... 138 7 ·-- 145 ;:'.) t 162 2d • <.) 148 26 . .. ., 2~ C: , .,,. .... .. 16 2 8 " O .., )_ _ ............... .....-~ ,.........-....• - ~-" I.. . l.J. ·1 -; .. ... 1 • • \..,, }I , . ~ 9 "_). :.0r .,.. .:..'-'O . V • ___ .,.,,,.,.,._ Re - ~, al f, .. cent ,, l Far 29 36.7 25 31.6 8 25 0 17 21.5 .3 1 3.1 3 3.8 South et • 2 3 3.8 Southeast . ) 1 1.3 - .. .. ati ve-b< . 47 '78 ·Q 7 _.,.o • 0 0 0 0 1.3 ~ ig-h" orinfi ·berg had 2,960 peop.te and ,Vlc J!innv .. 1 .... :0 Newberg' s popula ion was 3,946 and . 6 7 t; ., 35. Thus, failed tog ow at a ~ grown towns as ewberg is a small ton wh and 1940, e 59 s nee 1910, nem ... er~h:.i..p or only a :few ch rche are small, mo~t of them having less t e member rie ds th i rang~ f )om the Catholic 0h 680 :i ar · ,st church, and • in , the till one of and th 125 68o t 342 291 401 4 615 Fr e 6o ~.;.03 0 200 150 7c 60 246 220 251 211 Adv tist 139 - 53 192 163 155 121 171 97 102 .s embly 100 117 98 mon 103 98 a.z r:')ne 114 130 94 97 F~ce __ ~tho .. iut 39 .,, .... 2 .. .,. ,,. 11 93 105 95 C f'.,.J Church of ~h.1;;1.6t., 8 18 30 62 69 63 tJeho .r -.:"' ' = Wit • 0 ss s 12 15 27 35 \ .. d .... o 10 15 28 34 I 25 2c; 25 26 25 24 13 ...... va,'t,~•1,"' ·;:,-..... - expla ned the 1 s o e pidly tan a re e n B tit C ntio~ y ft t ,Q l o C S 0 o Go t ho t t bo r t "a 1 0 be mo e on hav b n opp r . Th act e 1 e n 0 t ad lt o b 0 t al Ce tr. com T th n 95. er • o e C u c 1 1 a t 0 , to at ct ~ e yo t . 0 T ho 1 er t t c 1910 f c urc ha e an em- bers t re have o t me b r, x ave aine rnembe ~ unt 1 about 19q5 b t suff rd losses ince then, one as tically gained and o t members, and one has ne the or lost mem er~. Te ch\ e showed a of member 1ad ceased to func 1·on time~ ~otory, ard ther,e were tto churc1es that .aa a. _,par ly disbanded permanently. The Church 0f the or anized in 1900, the Dunkard Brethren left ., t and it .. 'ban in 1947. r+. di banded becau~"- o · .. )re m 63 cludin many trans e1ts, and was not work for the they 1 ft t co un ty Brethren n hr To a t e f ts existence the Churc oft t Church o Go bui d ng beca the Ch c o needed its f h ch o joined t ed 1908 b caus he B t rch o In 19 6 a only - enough to take oa1 ✓ rf them und r ood En the ervices at t e ~od.t , church. Teet o church s ere the only on that a sbanded permanently a ter exit yea .. veral people thou t ~~ ort t me in homes an numbe of een churche n aisband d ut 1 "ble to get ny info 1ation a o t these at • 1 ~~ ~hurch of God, Dunkard Brethren, nd Pr byte 1- cea ed to funct on at some t m n the pat , ~ey were all functionin at the time of the Presbyterians had no serv ces from 1896 to 1900 ~he had no pastor during that time. The Dunkard haa serv·ces rro 1 1930 to 1933. ['h roof of their church h· d een brolren b" sn,~ J H.... th y had lo t 1nembers through death an among .t.:he ~1 ·ers re lly caus a . tart d vicec: J. 9..) .i. ter • art a · e 11 din an cci 0 set .11, on and tne t 0 ber mo ed 62 • ~ urch r or an z ande a ai 1 2 Th t m th c C urc of Go. t OU o 1 00 t c re e nemb rr h 0 the c e a net n b p of to th a d t 11 su ered a net Chr , too in 10 r on put 01 ; the lar e increa e a.._. a h l 0 n 1951. V t -e n t at ch h ov , co s ec1 to di - t po ve t. e or an z 1 t e ya th t 1e er. • , d n 0 of faith and 1 ft b tra s o el e here. The riend t hou h only the ts and ).,I ecial va ,,..ampa n -vberg cht ·c 1 .flee ts the success of this campa the growth o t e rches i tl1e d the cur h r ups, and UJ 63 T VIII CHUR H I G I s I 1951 'Iran from s ro e - Churc enom a nt s on Tot 1 tion f ai ~ 1 --: th 81 Chr 4 2 5- 27 V 25 5 0 9 n 7 7 . t 1 . t 4 6 10 Jehovah's itnes e 0 0 Aosembly .. 0 2 7 Ch rch God 0 Churc of rist 0 1 Iv or on 3 1 4 Nazarene 4 0 0 4 Dunt.ard 0 l 1 aneless 0 0 --· Tot., 8 , I. 185 . 4 TABLE IX CHURCH SHIP LOSE I 1 5 Tran to s C u .,ch eren··. deno i- nation 3 6 - ;;I . apti t 1 1 33 43 embly 10 1 15 2:) re et 5 t: e 14 0 """ ., .. a Ce te _, 0 5 13 t a-: 6 0 5 1 u ch of Chr st 0 0 1 etho 1st 3 ~ 5 0 10 - ormon 1 ") 9 - ·' Presb t ria L 3 2 9 I l J 0 ( Advent1.#t Metho •is C churches . e f Methodist Church . fo r Luth ran } "" ~ 4 -. ~ • ~ 1 4 ti - 4 J .. 'I • .. ) .1. J. - an· I .l ent r 1 0 the C u 6 2 o _·e ,. . ) 1. v1ore appe I to Form B"ble study grouph c 01nn1un1 ty ore purity of life c · church me ber o M nis- ':Y g 0 > J ' , .,.J.. .... ) ~ .. ... ., , .. . . 11 . f .... ~) , ,. 0 ( 0 J. --- ------··- .... .-. '• ),..) • ~) O · ,..,. , n. .. o.f . .... ..... r .t ~:• '._! t -,;. , ~ • T (' I I .. .... J • " - f .,. ·i-• - · ,;. -:W ~ ~ ~' , ....... r: . " ~ • : !; >:,I.I~ .. ~ ... ""' ', ' . ' ; ·, I• ~ ,. ... ... - ... l, \,,I ..L (:· . •j ..... " I .., ~ t, ,. .. ,... 11 l ,. I r t ,· • ' r• ... ~ , ~,J ·, ,( Ji ~ ·~ Cj r.,. fr me s of the Blole, meet , vena The hA co regation. : ~ ro rouping . Some hu cla .,es b cau e t r Aul , ual organ.:.zat.on o ad" lt a P I• { ge, or· years old, a junior high cla s for Thus, schoo. clas :flor children bel , 1 for each three year age- : 1 n t e inim m number of for jun r boys ere divided by sex or age . rri d people , and, occas o cl lly, , a me cla 's -t ..... so ial i sue the Bibl h stor;f which. to the q Fr ..1. · n ... s v hold a quiet in t __ e base uent r: ~ t·:1e c urch _1 . ... t--ad o ... a:ttend:tng the preach ng serv; c e i11 +-ha au-~ .J. tori uirt _ e Cathol .... c'""' r ·11 the:J..r children and tl e Chr Sc_ent..L.sts ad church churches had no t J.€ school· 1ext, women's group l inisterial e, organ worn n' u l,o ch se • 'ed m· J ' J we--·., the to ly n the ot r churc es ha In mos ocieties. one or t. e young J. · • 'i .a.e • etho all a r ot e co to 94 n n a nine t e T.e 1 t pv. a~ {✓ alJ.., as n l . 1:. .c ~ .u h .1 1 0,.lp" and th ir ..... atte we1 's W"r~ ooa. or ., C 1 • r.,n ol~ a l mc .~ one ' a eel~. ., r s.t )f the ad· groups n1et nee Q tn nth, l t S g ::o• p · it t ~ ·- once a k a "'d one !'ro1p 1et t :nly r:• V n :.JO mo~+'h Thu~ not nly l•Je ~~e t 1 e mor w ., en' s Cl tc"a 1 ... ..., ......... ' i;;.J 1nen' s gr up but the ·vornen' .... a oups ,. ore ac .,i "e. he ~ - Christ.:.a and. Prtc 1d; . ... ·~ gr p ". r t.,he ~ . ~~•.1V ·~ vi.-.Jt yo .rroup v ere not irr"'l • 1- __ n ·ra.ble ~,..,.. . - P' t; 8 _ 1-., .. 'J ..L ... ..,hey are not or -·a .izations J.ocal ch rc!es; are -... ional or,.·anization~ i ... cludi g ~evera.l cl1urches in the me deno1 ti.L at.Lon. ~oreover. _x~ept for ~.e ~av nti · t anizction s t,1ofol • • .... ..., e . .. ani ze steri 1 As oci ti ... _ t n ing co "nization. -i t fiv i sotne .t ... on churches ha dailJ ~1n1ste ial A sociatio onl Ev ngt!l st c about two \ eel<,..~ Each church 1 ... .:: _ _ ~ revival under t 1 zed ., ,..t,.. • j . ( 95 ssociation, haa u pri y Cat .. ol c ch \.ll, 8. n sterial acatlon Pb schooll'."I. 11 but. on s " .' d .rvices; .>nee a "'e l . bu: a commun_ty-wide ,., f ) t rpe f val att ... 1 d · nc b cl ·:.<\rch t m er> i f'. own o. Table XXII on pag 97· T ble XIII on pa 98 sho s the earl all attenrlar ce morning or h1p at lea t a month, mot attended scr~ooJ and ven:i ng or hip, .. n abo11 , a~ f , t en e mid- i eek servic . 'l'L.a 5-mpo..,.,tancc of tl e women' s .... ·i ow 'J ar atte·11:: .. n ... e of 38 pe~ cent., a' d +-he unimport- anc ·- o_· ), l e .. n 1 ·'.'I r rv .... p . :-..s l.. w b . a ·1 a ten < ; ce of l ~3,:; l~ac e 1cre ac ,iv an group leaue _ s ler. .1 ... act ·· ,e _,.:han ct urch Jhile c.nurch atten ~._n e · f' an ·mport~.nt lnd ·X of pa.rtic ➔ p--t:!.o "' in ch n ch activ.L·-1 . , par icj -2, tf ..,1 in a num ber of ot ...... r rellq:iou8 at! -ivitie was a .... o inve 't. gated. The participation of church er int eco act vities s wn in Tab le XXIV on p · ~c..,e leader· '"' is but some of m r- bers . In cht 1ho attenaed Table XXV o,. ' e qu . s ionna .. re ~e _,e called ch..1rch ewber chu c neve_ bee offic_al y ecorded as havin no official m not avt! oth~r churc e were ~s 0 t ey a- end 0 t C p ... Y r- .. H· JRCH ·-.ABLE XXII . .. . ~HT OJ. V CH ERS ~~--~~=· =~=~====~~£ ~-===~~-·~~~ -~ --~~=~-~~~:::;::=?~=;..'.::= f·:~~ eting~~ rte e1· attend~d Association ion at least Churches Churches once a month cent No. Per cent .. '"1" , •.;.r u.rcr.i.. :.:chool .~ven 1g t orsh · p i::t.d-we__, r .... e ·vice Wornei ; grJoup .. :1 . . ~ ----r......,...•"-· •~· .............. ' I . cc . , _,J 19 89 .6 6h Q . .., 82 30 ' 9 ~ .L_ • :J l ( 2 100. , -'• 0 . 0 Total N. Per cent 538 -•r-74 j( ,,...o, 0 ..... I 9 .7 2 .. 2 4 . 100.0 TABLE XXIII CHUR :1: LEA R - -- -- -- ~· .. s attended Group turch a.t least -~ader.., .,. o .,. .:e a month Per cent ~- -- Iviorning worship • 31 -- 3 • 57 71.2 Evening 4 ~9.8 28 84.8 worsh n 52.5 .I' "' u ch school Q 19.1 29 ,. .9 38 4..-? ,... .,,, ( .. ~) 1,jd- ee -- s "'rv .. ce 1 r3.4 2L1. 72.7 r:-.:: 4:., • 7 .,.,, y th r ro ps 4 5 18 5 ~ 22 27.5 u .. :,,.) .. - .. m ... 1 f ~ • Q r-uu .. . I ..:, J ~ en' · g Q"!~ .... ,..,· • .,,.; .. - - - * r.ro -a1 ,,., J. } 80 100. cases (. .u ' I • - - -- RELIGIOUS R igi · ~ activities Fa ,,:Lly p a:yer. J:1 1 8.t'lli ly B:.b e reading Grace satd enber o 1o~a1 church ·~ ri-ib r of out ide h r~tl Cr1urc --1 oi."' · ce Ceca ional attenua1c othe·~ 1 e churches at e "Y') ,· ...,.,_ r verao-e yAar:.y attendanc~ at other e ·.berg: c urc es r>~ars Of •h 243 46 -1.8] 23 nt 00 54.0 ol.6 1u.2 '·o ,..... I • ~ 0 1 9 84 . 40 82 143 13 151 s ent c.-,::: 6 .-> -__1 " 4.0 .....,,... 7 .:, '.:) . 0.0 327 245 52 54 .4 84 .li 40 .8 39 .1 5§ .4 6ul 1 0.0 · e 1 ; __ :... < ts act vit..!.._s Le No . --------·--------- Fa .. 1ily pray r ,ttan ly Bibl~ r ep r) -l Y'! -- .....--- -- Grace ::;ai. Tit ..1.n e1-; ber f local cl:1l1.£; 1 c ··•1emb-r of o e• i de cl urch r, h 1 -~.,..._ · - or-. .L~ .,;_ --- ...., .a. t- e Occa~· onal attend'nce at other e~:, ~.{g churcl . .. s A-· r ge yearly att nu · ce at othe e b-rg C r , .. 15 20 09 --• . 4 11 41 3 .4 CTIVITI ·:. 31 .9 4 ,-:J , ... c.:. • ._ 12 8 . 4 87.2 OF 21 32 2' 33 0 31 2.7 60 .6 100 . . 0 4 f • ' • I ) . . ., "' . V ' l . ....,,, r ad a higner percen,age the a soc ati n on lack of of .nr oc· t C p te activ 1 s vi ties t 1an c urc me nbers, but rou_ n fe er e 0 act viti st an chur es. The averag year of ch re membe hp in e er 0 Nere i teen for c urch e s s mo e re- on y e1 tl f on c X TI activit e of ch re 0 co pa ity. 03-i+ 0 i leaders an ch~rc me bers ta ed mot y i e be nist ia e be and e es. Al, o~t al soc tio1 church group 1 a er vote in ew r _ • t berM nd yearly 11 t hurch 1 a rs ad soc ation chu c member. did not vote. on-~ n ter 1 The small per·:_ tage of non-. ini te al ssociatj_ n churc oters resulted fro their 1 ck of emp asis on voting, their large rural membe · 1p, and the fact that the Dunkards and e ta ~e of .. ras a s • ' . ·es -pposed oting. The per $ . Je be o- as almost as part 1~ so far as .mb ... ip in a · 103 T BIE VI C y AC I I' IE OF CHU - Min erial ConlL un~ ty • on act V t es Total er cent - mortly 11-0~ l:c4 88 . 2 b 90.2 2.1 5 Vote in :Newberg '")76 61.3 40 26 • ,I :;:6 52 .6 Have Ne be g Ltb - car·d 29 2 ' f"7 ,::)0 ·111 (.. - -, ,;;i:::. 1 '...J. i ._ - ~ . -- ..L:)_ ,_'.,.I • ..:.. ie7ibe 0 New·be g As~ociation 1 6 t. - ~ 18 11.9 204 33 .9 i+.L i . -· ...,,, ............. -- ' .otal C·-1.S 450 1 0.0 15 . . L 100.0 60 1 100 . 0 . ~ . T RI, xx C HJ ITY A ..,TIV TI Q1 ~: D R~ - ---....:.......... .... -- -· G oup Commun· ty Le l tiv· .. e No-: cet -~ -· ·- 'l1rad ~ 1 o 1tly • .. ;t erg 47 1 0 29 87 .9 7 95 .0 l. • V .lE n Ne, -:>8 0. 15 '9 ' ,; . 6 . 3 . ) v . 4_ l(.. ') ...,...., Ih .... ve e Ljbrary 2 Lilt . .' 9 ,- ( . 3 :3,n ..,.. .... 7.5 mbe wbe j;r-r 7 r· ll Jt.~ .4 ,_ 76 . i) ... ~ .. .l ~ ... ,:,, ...... . . Tot--1 case lt1 . 00.0 ~ lO•J ·. o 100.0 ..) - ,..._,.., much greater in s~oc at· <n lurch s e oth rs. r.rh 1 ·.ad ng asso '.J.O.ble L · or1 tions for cl -A.rch VJ ~ r tl ., 1 • C . T. U. , . T. A., an :'I G ang ; the P. rr" n. j ·nbe~ of Cor11m ... .,c , and Masons were the mo t popu 1 .a,.., asrociati0XAs among lea er . .~ly ,I. our n1inisters belong~a tc r;e :-:t:, ~rg 'P-soeiations ot er than the Mtnist rial Association. VIost of the all association 1 aders aip in ~he fraternal Members from 'he ~ liary were Friends, and . age, East ~n Star, &rt_clpation and Re - 11 ural Sociolo , II .. the of the comm 0 p -kers and ... ion·. .,,ances in ar,r 0.1. th .. ·dult associaci Ct ol .c churcheJ h c:1.Cti Chur~h scl ool activ t·es cons f Christ .an an Advent. st v1ere ppo d to 1..,ccrea tJ o _ :.. tb. · 1 ur ch s for the· r· chu ch sc ·roups . Tr A ·t.1 er church prrties abut, ~ea montl in each grou. itie ·nm st o· the 1onen 1 s org·r at o 1s consisted o devo iona and Bibl tudy, work on missiv.u- ary p1~0J._cLs) a 1 s1 1 .. h social act... ties as r fr shtn nt and potluc\. -·· F iends Lad s Aid ana the La.diet"~ Ai - vetho 1~t Church we e of lde 1 The WO n's ro ,p-- Ca tho. ,,.,.. .., part1e and danc und- . ai i ' devot·onal 'Il C al~o engag ,· such bu· ld new churcnes and ·pie 1 activ~ 1v1.es of these .:;Bter,tainment pr v .ded by • as con- freqt1ency- and average attendance f.,, , 1 • n 1.n T'-ble .. X "";I_[ on 0up s ·,J., ere r did not at ~orship services; special meeting just for 1n 1inisterial spiration which wao hel to be r~ sing of a sing ristian or 8 Freqt. • 1 6. Cap Fr. ue ( ..... 7 ) ,. - 1 . t ! . ~ , ,. . 1~ lJ.d ,re Parti s eaue y 1 .1 ... t-en · nee 5. 300 - L 10 ,r • 2 - 5 .o • 30.0 . 1 7 ' . '. -. 2.9 15. ., ,..., ' • I 6 ! l. 0 1 2 13 21 J.55 ,.. -~ }1 (.Jo "t 11 .. h 8. .7 ~ ·~ 9.7 number of c ch eac of oeventeen 1 ure activi- l e be a ior of 1 ader and chu ch mem, . com ared with the t ach the by ng Tabl XXIX h ad gin Table XXX-XXXI on p . l cer · o.,. ch r ch each of the e·sure cC a.ders asked t e~ by ncl in thei ~n h~ cur h program or op ose. t· em y preach- i g or ain t ·h... . In some in<":"tance an activ lei ther up orted ~or oppos d; fore ample, none t e chur Cv e·t e 1 pport d or op .. ooe .oncerts. In clar fyln t e church policy on trese activiti s cer tain d st_ ctions ere m~ne ~h 1 ch were al o followed when church memb rs indi.r· 'cea t eir beh~·v or on these activities in answer ng the "Acstionna re. 1ar1y churches objected to the use of nplayi ~; r car .s, did 1 o'l.; obj .. , .. t to kinds of cards. I(! to garnes which these of th . ti d e, " on other hand., indicated a game iitr1 t aditl nal c~1·t- J not n !Cessa:r ily a gan1bJ n:) P:~.me s The participation of hurch tles tended to agree with the po ,..., .... l:. C urch J Art~ .,, ' • , ' I' J 4 I r I I J' : . JJ " • • ,,,, -· • .. 2 • . 2 • . ..L l. I :.J .., . ~ ..I,. ( ( t '" _, ' - I , 4 7 • r. . -. '( .... < ... ... . "( • --~--•--""· ...... -·--•- ,. ,. -~ . Conce ts • .... -, I J.. I , .. 1 r • . 3 -. - 0. I • ~· ... ~ Ca d .... ~ 5. g ,' ,I. • ) .. ,. . t. - ,· .,.. I• "T ,,,.. ,./. ✓• • t . t J '1 ) .. \ • 1 I • . • .. '; J. h, , ~ • ' J . t 4 JL, l, { I. - "' ~ .... l1 .... ; ? 7. , .. ~ .,. J. l - '~·cc . ,,, ~ . • C:.. ; •"")--• I ? ,. J.. . . ,l, ... _:.., . . ) , :i.-,11 .. r 1 0 & {J .., } ' ·' ... _,_ l f' . ' . i t•, ,·. ,. ,~ . ... _ • 1 idg_p,'t l{ . 0 0 -- :..c.,.,.,... ..__ - ... 23.2 49 . lt • 30. 33 • 4 41 • 7 .. --· ~~- ~--•\, j 1 .. churcl I' . ., • ... ) I r ,. • ( ,- • - • 4 p '') ,. • -·- - ,, V -- l 4 .. r / c;• f • _,J ,. ' (. . r J ) ,. ,,. i:,;....., * J. t. r r,. ~l~ ~ .. ,; --- } () ;,(.) J ~ .- -~ • V ) -·- ,,.. .·1 :) • 7 j. ,. ' ) ·' , .,,, I '•- J ,. ,I ,,_ .. ": f J ,, :; • _ .. t: • • • ! ,;.. . .,) - .,. r 7 •· ,. .) \ f ( ) . r ~) ,_ • r 24 . 2 9 • --· ,.... - --- ' 3 • .n ( l J t'C,'l \h ')lJ .t.. .J , 'J l't ·1 · \"10Uld Catholics, Research, ' ' l. t"';;:, 'r:l .. indicate ~.c;f G ... dus, "Social Distance ~ ·Y Protestants, 11 Sociolo~ ,,vember-December, !"932. and (7) willingness between and Social .. 2 • . ::) 2. f"'., • Jehovah's itnes I" .... • Atheist 3 0 • .o Ave. 2.0 260 416 1 .7 . .) Jehovah's i tr ess .8 Athe~ -----------------------------------------~--'"'."----•-- Avera e -------..... --------------------~~---- ---------·--... • cases 46 w .he ct '. 0 i T f . t ·he co-· at ti\it 1 t ,(Hl,. 1: 1..1 ·· ,y ~" n. ·h -- . ~u 'l of • 'Y (! at..J..o .. I. l r .. ,.., r -. ' ;'> l ,.. !· ~ ... ~ ·.;: 1 · t.r t• _.,,,.,( .. "' 1 t' ~ . !I .. ,, ~ . ,'V , . ,.., ' '•( <~ ; .J. . ' ,. }. . ·~. -~ . : ·• l, ~ " "'.- . , . ..,~ , i t;_ o:~ .:, ..... ;• ·(! z \.,: ___ ..,.,..,., ¥>•~·- ,.........,..._ • t' • • . ( I ' · ,.o · o,., •. \•1 ' \ 0 a ·~ fo·r i. :. ¥ 4-t,";:7 . ·- .., • ' )' •: .. '" 1 J r fa . . • a· • i C C • 1 1-- i• Jn ;"I th,: j :. i.A f ~ ,' .I t· ,.A n...;c 1 J.S ~· ,.. ) ,7 ;'~ !J, . , '+·. !lf .. ~ . 1.!h l'f •. Ii . ,~ - .. "'\ ., . , ,: !, ' '·• " ,.: ;C, ,, ' t ' , .. :' ~ j ... ,. r t {. . '. ,,, I j_ I • ' , ,. I ) ·o .. '·t r ... , , . .. LO •.l r b 10..., Social·, Vis. tt-d ... Cl',urc t Mid- j . . 0 -5 L I ... . . .. - ·-' ~ i. 5 ~• .. _,,,; C. • 0 1 'l .~ .... ,. ' • f I C r .J .5 .... • • I ••l c.;;. • ·1 .. • -.:. - ~' i..17 • '( -.• . , ,• dP. . n t't.· .,, . U Ch.Pi ... . ll. ~ . s ' ·, ·;r '> I ., ..l y community ~ tow r... ~. neo , u .L,. I ' • a 1.tion 1 3 in the get status. e tab and church • 51 ~.:: ,. , .... --o :J • 151 100 • 0 :-01 • TABLE cornn_e .o 1 .. s l1r-r t;, 1OO.O 32 7 School 4 8 . 5 3 ... cases 'J 1 0.0 33 ....., :) . 97 .0 21 . 9.1 100 . 0 79 5A oh c:;;'·} 15 r1 80 98 .8 .L8 .7 . . . ' '• . 'I .t . J .. coll the oth~r chu che Ua 1 ,. (: _,_ '·"' s. Table XLII on pag 143 lists the ccupat · , s of cupa •,ion- of leaa.er~s. The professional c tegory inclu~ed serg~ant. Proprietors were peop-L # Jho o 1ned t!~eir n dealers, real estate de ler , newspa . .r publiAhe s, rr.ot ... l owners, and merchants ··alesmen tel phone op r'tors, and secre- tar· es. Skil ed workers included mechan1cal a?d ele;trical ng eers, 1 ·01'1\t0rlters . - mechanics, mach nists, painters, roofers, electricians and carpenters. Semi-skilled 01kers i 1cluded gas ..,t.ation atte ... ida.nt : ~aw mill worker , canner:-r workePs bus and truck dri vert,,;, gardener .._;: butcher...:> of Ministerial ssociation ch 1, so they alvO occupi ... 'L ._; ccupational .. than members c ·· r .re 1 ..... p oro etor cupat_ ns. p a ropr et occupat 1s e ea r · t deal OCCUPA'lIO L DIST IBUTIO OF CHURCH l\'lE ER Ivlin . , .. ial . sterd.al L L• As<'.'."ociatlon ,,.... I ·CC, • tier .. Churcl1es Total nt No. p r cent No Per c 0 ... t ,I,.:... .. ! ,/ -· -- 1--Iom ::- .i .• k:e 1" 48. ~ ~n ...,, Lz.6. 4 <::>P.4 '-~ . 1 l't • 7 e ,',,.. i 't'l ,,. 32 7.2 5 3.3 ,""", , ... 7- 6.2 ·-~ Ji s dent 27 6.o r 4.0 33 5~5 ...... ,.,I F r r C ·' ::> ~) ' - 20 13.2 43 '7.2 Professior10.J_ 51 11.5 6 )· 0 ·+ ~ •. 5,· ( r; Proprietor ..,0 2 7 l ,.., 13 2.2 • l Cle1·lcal 25 5.6 9 6.0 -·, ,... j'"-.- !::> • sk-lled 21 4. -:: --r-: • J.r 1 1 _!j c J.Jt:: .• 1- - - - --- - ..... 24 •• • l( ~: 23 •. t V . ... ~,..- ... i • 41.t-5 Church Occupation a ers Total .... 4 cenE .enE er 0 • Per ... ... , .. , - ....... ., 48 .5 30 37 " 5 Retired 1 ,, .1 0 1 1.2 • Stt~o.e1 t 0 .0 0 . 0 0 .u Farmer --- lt. 3 3 3.8 Profes nal J.0 ~ .3 13 39.4 ;'', '.) 28.8 Proprie 1: ,: 3. 4 ~) A - 1 l3 .7 . - j_ ..J.. 10.C: ~~ 0 r .,.l. 2 4.3 0 .0 2 2.5 1 2.1 2 1 _, 1 2.1 0 • l- ..i..: _ , ... _ --- ~ , 1 u'Ca .... c-aea 47 100 . 0 3 ,.; l '). 0 80 j,,00.0 church mem- and ty: lea -;X·, there holnes b g ould r« port at ppar ntly there wer ti\, 11 defined wa 1 ttle consciou ess of A clas;:ies b.nd .~ber of the and o he~- laade1")s pointeu out · l"·at wa._. dignifie n Ne~berg. ministers, colleg.!. profes ors, tec: J ver:.r J ar echanics, ents, and others plcked nuts and err s to -~rtheless, there we~e '-4 ton .:everal 1 v1ere •.Jf the op ..... on that Ne\-Jberg wa a po·,rr and back-w-ia.1.~ · co 1 as ev denc d ts lack of They ther., wa .1.n the Chr· st .an, Fr ends and Met.uo . is-f- cnurche . he s_ze and equip1ent of th abl XLIV O pag 146. Al - non-Min.st ~1al sso iatior. ·· .,,d their o n church Revi a C .. 1ter .Lente_ ,1, pg, and ·7:qu pment Au itorium seat~- 11g capacity Ch i: ch s ?,.., ,_)• 1 I) 0 S Cr1.urches wi tl blackboard, songboo" s ar .,~ library Churc '.1{.S u. inc n1ovies and slides F .• nee• Q""'i J. , ..:> ).1. organs Yitch n and cLtn ·ng room Ren· .-free parsonage Inadequate l ~ -11dings .h 1 -f () ..,J..ty ,., ~ ., ,';j_ .,,.,. . .. ..L., \-. ...... "--" Pulp t not. cE,~: telephone .... n. d mail Denominat~0nal llterature ·· - 1 - "'· CJ ,-:)rv c e . _._ v IO lo;; ,;, 0 in nevspa er Paid advertising In.side bullet·n board P inte bu ,~-~~n ' - • ..L J. · .. L, l ~ .ts de bul etin boa1.,d Local church P p.r CH CH E ~UIP IBNT ,.linisteria.1 Assoc ation Churches N ociation Church No. erage No .-i: ~r::} ~ __ .. ______ , ...,__,...... ~ .... -~.._..,_;;.,... 2 9 9 37 7 8 6 9 9 g 1 ') 7 9 ? .. ) 1.0 1.0 4 . ...L .8 1.0 1 .. 0 1.0 '7 .. ! .8 1.0 .. 21 !; l. ..... _. cO 4 1 10 3 "'I ' - 5 8 7 6 4 3 (\ ,,I 121.5 .4 .1 1.0 • - .1 .5 .8 .7 6 .4 .2 .o Total 4305 112 13 0 47 10 9 11 ,9 17 16 12 6 .. 5 2.5 .5 . 6 1. .9 .8 .6 .3 I ..,_ t 1•"a . "' . , .e other churches: s hoc SC ·1 .. d t~ yy us~ n1or kind,. of publi 1 ty. Nearly all Ministerial ssociation churches had rent-free ir m very f e of •h.Q other churches had :@ar- ----on e r d ; · ,., n . ..;,.. l... • nadequate tom eds to }/:tac • The Catholic and L ther n churches were too small be replaced w th arger st ,ct ar1d k eeded o be replaced. The other cnurches with in- - more room and better property co of chur buildings and parsona es nl fo C rche~ had anl d bts, - .·Tore all on parson z:es . The value of ini As - rdl "' op r Y . han the value of ·c n r:-1 • .1a r •t) • ..t1 .... ,.; . 1 10 - of church pr.Opt-Jrty the sands of dollars Churct1 expenditures for 1951 in tho 1.~a ':ls of d llars Sa.-o.F;f of r inister 0,-h v-• r operating !_;; - J t:;.. ..... • . .._, -:Zt :1 l'l "' e ~ Ben~ volenc~ .. s r10 ta~ ;.: ~ .... , , ...... f" h -:. - .. "- -: . - ~ C" i I g V,1.i-..4.L __ .. ..., C i::, VJ. 'I;; ... 0 • tit ·n~ or using t,.1mb ..,. C ~-· • - rt "1 _ iv a~ ~ 1 11 rch rais.i..nr.- money only f ro1 m~mbt;rS s ociat . Ch No . ... 14 46.o 26 2 9 33 3 r""J' ' 31 3 . if. 90 10.0 8 ':3 6 .7 '-;,1urc h , :-. \....( l~ ~~.,.;:; ► .!.'otal .. A ver· 'Avera ... o . ' o. 59 C: f.., 4Y'""' ~. 24.9 :::> :.J I ~ • I . _,, - 11 , L. I) - 11 1.1 44 2.3 11 1 . 1 l; ,,. c 2.2 _ , 33 3. 3 123 6.6 3 ? . ..) 1 ....,, ' of inisterial than those OI 111s tead members, using no ~- ch c church organizations dif ered greatly from 149 -dult ciations, for nearly all of t cle :~sociations ra s-d money and crrd part:ies f r eq1_ '!f:.i t act~ , . ties in the adult Cht I ct l ders m.ade comients wriic'1 revealed the ocial Methe - • ; ... ~ ·~ •.ttJ"'!' ..i :z i t. . • \ .. ~ .\ .> • .., i.::;.-... ......--....--------=-• I fro the busj.ness class than any othe., ~~ -~ !" ~ that the F .. :tends Tne min ster aid the membe s of the ewberg Chu· ... ch were rather ventists 1 ne t1cated, but he emphas z · ~d that Newbt.rg J: d- typic 11 ore money . .lsewhere they were better ed 1 . The A embl~ and Revival Center the less f , ' ... r · ,1:1ich they met, the poverty the young people were so ashamed of' it tuat th'"~Y would not a etter education. The Church of God members were more sensitive of their loi status than the members of any other church. This sen. itivit',; "'r.,,d their eagerness to •, build a new church sl1oi-ved th_ int -.o ty of their des .re to attain a hi her social status. at Brown calls the "superascetic" life 5 as found espec ally in the non-Min steria ss)~iat on churches, but t as also found amon holi ess churche in the Ministeri- al Association, uch a t~e Assembly, Free Methodist, and azarene. Such churches tend to oppose membership in t wor dly 11 r ,">ganization , tieo, and object d t. upposed many leisure activi . se o ~ewelry and 1ake-up. standards n uch ma-t of s y chu ch, and they felv 151 eir church a unpopular be ause of it condition, the pecul ar dre of t member, and the strictne ~ of its ,~achin ortant in staring peop~e with lo status on th ay to a position of hi er U ually ultra-asc t· ~ stan ards . of this sort could not be conformed to for very lon, even by the olineos members. But such an er1phasi often did start people alon the long hard path of class ascent by encourag ing them to conform to the ascetic value··· so important in determ ning an ind.:.vidual's and 6 a fat -4 .r's class status in the Beech Creek society. · If sects tend to start among the religiously ne -·1ected poor then this ultra-ascet c behavior is one phase of the process by wh ch a sect is ultimately transformed · into a d omination: hen hard work is stressed as a virtue and money on ewelry and entertainment is discoura ed, oney is accumulated; then, as social status is raised, the standards become less strict and the sect becomes a denomination. However, the Dunkard Church showed no sign of softening i . cism altlough it was losing its young peoo • ..... !'.'11 s ng to conform o its n e e evidences o oocia 152 tratificatio did appea : th le ders ad h her educatio al an oc upational s church .e ersJ and member o chu1ches n the ~ n ·erial As ociat on te ded to oucupy a hi er sta us tha ember of c tion church iere uc ch rches. Tab e XXX III o The Minist rial ealth:e th n the other age 131 n the prev ou ch it r hoed extremely few a sociat on belonrln Thu, the evi- ciation church • the that the ratios of communitl eneral chu ch membe hp vary directly with th .... oc o-eco omic lev~ .p .L-h ,.} !. I e chur., es. C -OP~ ATION AND r:1.1h if'f ent oc alp ,oces es asp '"\ 0 t e chan 1 relationship C e re o inte related that it ab p ci ic processes rom the for t pu OS 0 analy s. Thus, competi fl 1 '' ha e nt co- perat.on, and when it a .iff cult to di t uish from con of co-operat n ad co fl ct fo ~ t e ta ociat r ill be analyz d; cc mmo ation mploye by t .e e or anizations ill al o be men~ oned. I The r lati !\ der to ach eve a co-operat n. Hav n similar ad act working tog the { .. • 1.., 1 • r.td d, t- ... ·e , T~ ~ s many :, . .. . , :t· .. vivals. 'Y• .t ~- ,I lt" o . 1· ~ ·- :1 t· C" ... !! , I (; . .. ") C cc . ... -,,.. I . t • t;3 ·o ~c v~ - C . i l rr C;) l- :.11 .... r.a'.t ~ nee ,r e ,, ~-'- ' ' ,I J. ..:: • '-,1 I . • ,, ,,.. ) t.:, -· ,., ~ J C . 0 ( 1, 1U ) .~ .,,, . " ' e s t t. , sb ) ,~. a ,., ♦. o ... · • a \,I . t n ..... C 0 () l, ,le - J h" 0 • '-·• t . l'1 '"I I ., .. ) 'I - · ion . ciation meeting and posters inviting the windows . nearly a 1 hi h the "'hed the co ney for the colle to the publ c 10 ls of Chamber berg . a-operated in giving m lita y funerc Tub rcu o i oc at on p·esented sev ral programs to the . rv ce club , its representati e oke to-; an the biol ss at the col~ege once a year, and it loa e fil sand pa phlet to th publi schools. Te spaper carr e storie of the meet ng of the a soc at on, nd ity by the Graphic helped ·et funds to build the col ge . Entertainment at otary, Kiwani Busine and Profe iona o en• tne kind took three ma11 out ferences, and :• -:ly co s . C ... yearly co fe1 ences .included Oreg . . inst~ ... ces, Id · o and Was ... ing~.on c an d trict conferences or our ti.~R a year, whereas yearl nee. All nine inisterial e d nom natio 1 eet n s; only es att ded such .eet belon ed to na i nal ch rch c - of s. the th dist ad Pre bye an c urch w belonge tote a cional Council ft ree ethodist, an Fr end urc' e con rvat ve co nc 1, the at o al Tte ot er four en ch c e council. The soc· tion co-oper ted 1he s to a or cal Association. o.tio al church th the churche in a number of ays. year a,s a unit. Several roup attended some church nee a Tl e attended the ethodi t Church on emorial Sunday in the past they ad attended Presbyterian churches. Th Church on their an ·,. L' varies with the size of the .n they take place: in a small r ty the social pr ~esses all tend to be more perso Thus, primary groups have more personal control than 170 the per onal element a there was no great expre~- be- rely rela- of it were found churc es Some of -·-~ e . ' ,... .to-operat on ng ewberg gr , ps v as the , fc -. ., mer · The C ] . .. snal and ns .. evi tably r·e t ts as these g ··oups pt to increase the r by th~ n bership ... ., of -"rt 1 e~"s I- leaders and ('I are cha .. ;J d the· • i m page 67-68. · ly f t. ·, ··om ,e "ers of t~e · t. an, ~ or o the for er F ends ·he her n t ts, Pr sb t ri bu ,ed bout even·y , Jng the iv1ln · ~ .r.1ot unc 1nm n for n transf e their n.en1 e s oci tr al sso h p to another a..' of n1em ersh et e ch r0h 1a,rnbers C ati n C LU C a 0 . sociat · on ch "1t,;} e were rar- . 1hi, a.., t ue - · tL • a.ct that he 1 s oc·at. on ct· roselyting an the leaders of th o her church s ·; .. _ t1.011tly encourage it Compet"t:Jon ,as found among~ soc at 01v having similar characteristics an~ · .-erforming im1lar unction . A yearly contest in golfi 1g 1.,:as held by members of the K wanis a:n·'l Rotary. These groups also competed bers, as they were too ruch alike for one m ~ to care to maintain member ·· p _r both. No farmers er·e found ho be longed to both t e Fa .,e:..,, ' s T 101 • other o-r up. Leg ·r tu CO e Yet te the the F rme1,,, leo .t' club~, the the _,.egion i- ere n com The t 1 0 1..e other fo c r ulat~on and adver- ti n ' t·tion a 0 fr n C.~U- C e r-.o·. - J. church tended to l;e cev-rt v.nd therefore diffi- c1 1 t to iscovcr· . Often if th 1nveotigato1 mentione t . '·1 . . .... ~..," . 11 con.c ..1... c1;s car,,a y J a • :re ...,e "'- "'.C 1 1--k,_...,, .,.. 1 r J ,; C ..L . .&.l n to ·· tr e erson be was more fr'ee.t::,', but one co.1ld eac"Oily attend a church fo some ti 1e 1t be n ,.., 1'11.ong the ere eonfl • some an roe ss ,. sect w th v1 th or g_n ... hurches. W ... 1 .• no n The co fl cts le-:l eing r ~ . ...... b "'·· e d ssent rs. {., ot er le. to a u.ni n of the ' ~ : ' > • rch n the #~t m- • '1'" ·1 ty 1 ic wa po tor v·e ~ In ti ult of a ~i is o 1 a church bu \·ere a le to odate e ougl~ to re, ain -·" sane ch ~rch and acl1ieve a :-:-iO. us -.~ va Center r t . . f m a -;,r t 1 it condet .~d the att 10v · en - . 0 m. ly g. .,_ l, € t~ rd ni ... i - The Revival wrr th 0 t. to ro p Je 0 i..: o. \,., .1 sto 174 he .~o forgive h. . . e t. val Center nister forgave him he reco e d, left the A third _ urch, the Dun Brethren, was also formed as the result of iss nte rdr · - .. ft th . nhurc ~. of t e because it was o longer enforc·rg the r 1 son rr0ving from u - Dunkard P _ _ .,ethren w -re conformity of tne sect. veil, r c .. .o se t 1e to take ou .• 1 · f e 1 t 1 the - om a 10 1 status and th - taJ_n- ng t e tradi tio11al non- ~t 920 th ~e wa a conflict in the I iend~ ~hurch on the subject of ho .... iness; a nuE :·Br o:" thos ~ who stood for gre: ter strictness in not c :-)!Jform:L~1g to the \·orl and its a111usement ~ left the Frien "' Ch ch and jr tned the FYlee • A·similar cor1f ict in the Methodist Cnu ~ : .. ~ enters • • • the Fr e Methoaist ..I- \.;.~ ..J.. .... "!+ Joining a ;J.. churc :.i • The f.ormon pre .d nt ment ... 'h onea \; .;.e u conflict il abo t a t· ' tJ~r.J ~ of the r.)s rved an o·t 17 ... spl t ,een two major par es or the s Y>o p an t·1e .... nserv'"·tt.i.-ve g oup. c,11 con ~er ,r:;up did not c 1 tself by any nane and ~as called mo or Lb.e peop., ~ bu.t . wh si e t ·meeting, d. 1.s·t ked the emot onali m of rev , and placed more emp~asis on indi -1d'Ll9.~- re ~epti ve- ness to d.1- vj_ne · nf 1- ence than 01" theo1 ld~- 1 cal or-• ..-i.i.O · 1 0 y. ho .n ss gr up, on the l· eked upon the silent a waste blessing experie ce, was e"t,ar1r-;e:l:tst:t"'!, a .. d held ·to a very fundamentalist .... c tr1eolog:y-. Several ewo .;rg churches had confJ .ct over 6 rowing liberali'S.n w thin th9ir de11omin::\,tlons rJhich 1.ed them to v1ithdrcw fro1n ertaln denominational orgar1izations. The holin ss Friends gave thr ugt t~0 E a1gelistt~ ssoci .tion rather han through the America,1 Frier1d erv~ce Comm ttee . beca ise they thought 1 t wa too . 1.cderni, tic an.d not suffi cie.1tly e" angelistic. By 1926 the holines" Fri becam dominant in Oregon Yearly 1 te .. ting an t)1e or~egon Frie11ds withdrew or t e Five Years 4eeting of Friends. The Five g or representati es fr_ thro • rrly Meet ng w thdrA because the ive considered too moderniotic. of the Di c p Christ n 192~ and 1 .M Jal ed tl1e Disc ple s we, ::. b._ - comin too rr:o ernistic. :.. so broken c rtain enon r.i.a onal aff · .. 1 at10 the belief tat the denominat·on was getting too odern- Nor-i~ be ~n Baptist Convention in 1948 and join-,d the Con * servati ve · Baptist Association which was bein or·ganized w'itl1 about twenty-si churcL1eo ir1 O.regon, Color~ad. ., and northern California was an outgrowth o... the Funda~, ntal Baptist Fellowship whl0h f·unctioned from 1920 to 1946.. Tl:1~ - · .:.. ti these Baptists to the liberallri .. and centralization of the 1-Jortl · rn ·Baptists caused them· to separate in 1942. the Baptists 1ho objected to leaving the ~orthern Baptist Conventic : stopped attending church and 1,.;er-e aro·)~ed from and ~~tholics, h and conf 7 lets betwe-·-1. Proteotant .. 1 iot church churche . The fact that gh ha~ ninetQen churche an a popu ation of only fou thousand be :vigoro~s tit sur- vive and increa e teetants con 1 cted not cathoJics and Pro- The Catholics be n · discrim nat -d wr~n the City Counci~ refused to let them · the Protestants c sidered irreligious beca se they played card games and held dances . t I ,en the right wi 1 g wh ~ch consi ted of the Free f actions i worship a · ct ru~h ~risis experiences as conver sion an sanctificat on., and t!-: !~ left .. L~g llo11rr~'1c rnove- rne.at i11 the Revival Center and Assen1bly of gift of tonguer wao alsr, --tressed as a of sanctifica+:ion ~ Th,e Church of listed v,i th the right ,'11ing holiness grol1ps the ence a tiv churc es. ii cotnn.on J'itti the oth.--r :.ght 1ng hol±nes~ Methodist, Priends, and 1azarene min- iste..i. atten 1 ing e- at the _ e~bly, althoug embly ~ · i. , 1 in th inisterial Association . .... on a ma or e called eth Gentury Bible Audit r terest people 1n atteJ ing the beasts jn Danie and Fr e M~thodist ru ified . con~: reg~. ions not to attend the meetings Nameless Sv""!1e suspicion wa~· a1~0 fo nd in the Christian Science., Church of God, Dun.l{ard Brethre, Jehovah's nesses, and Revival Center churches. rone of these churche belo11ged to the M nisterial Association. The members of the Na e.,.~s .... Ct1 )rcl1 refused to fill out the q -., ei;;> tionnaire because tt ,~. - cot.f' d nc 1.: do for th~ soul Io aruo 1.1. t of e.:i·.1.)lanat:::..on the objectives and values of the investigation could change th s objection. 11hc Jssociation churches -- 11urc w~s illu trated in the disdainfu1 o: a ociation :1urc~o~ Center, t~e ne whic thinko 1 t a cunts to ·o ethir: •t r ::..,_,_nization for settin uo th rn l ot er churches as inst1 rn a certain part - up oppooitio1 which such v ehov ah' s )-1_ "· :1 s sea C nflict· - ---on~ .L,. 1 '""e O.U ::, lliJ. the inisterial A oci a.ti.on J.ed it vO discontinu.e chool nna. objec i .. '• . betore . t~~ ~ - L ••·· " ' . .,,,. • A services ,.... .. r- I t c au.:i.·ch /!, , 1rn ,·.ends, ethodis · pec1 ca'"t e • pr si ent, rore the torvard th nd of th ext A ot er .e ting of Chri ot er t 1s than ·nmersion Fr e ~ethodist, ana Frierdc tl1i embers of their c ,n re ere _1 t save bP.causc h~y ho.d not ) en immer e • few con lict a.mong t e ad, a - . , , . of them ;lmilar typ of ,...~~ ... . ... 1..:. _mpete wit . ....... l.rea _..,, ' ')oed ti1hc: 1 . ~ ·n l 1 .., - -. • .18 of their Pe ... , - ~ the \, ' radical idc·? .. ~ : :.· retary o Chamber of Com- :... re aid attendance had been 1ery poor in 1951 b -cause quite a few membe.s pr.,sid nt and wer not supporting h m. The ., th the (,·ra.er-i-~:.£. n chool consolidation: t 1 &e G :~ .aph " o "teJ co,.~ olidat o of tl ~ schools in the vici 1 ty of ew- g n opposed consol dation. a serous co .t..,ook pl ce. h d been eng .,· 1 cal nd h New- t .. Gr~a 1.c e nvolved in a fight .th t e G 1 Ele~tric Corn a y of berg · '1 r t e Scrtbe sup- . ,.,.,._..,.. po '"lte t e Gene , 1 _. _ _ _ .ctr c. As ,he con 1 ct b tt1 An the to new p e became more evere, b·th lost mone, and s: ~ Lr p on f nally vent d,,wn o f a.s each pap 1 tried to rive the o her out of busi The a e merged in 1940, but at present Ne~berg once again has t10 newspapers, the ~rappi~ and the Chehalem Va ley New • T _gra;pl}.i.£ _ is the larger of the two and competition - is on a friendly basis, but both publishers agree that ewbe g is t. own for more than one neispaper . factions which con Church also conflicted in the col- lege. The last of the more con ervati e Fr end hose ved 0 a great athlete tJ .... hol ne s gro p evange for a p eBid . .... t who ould be f the holineos Dur.,_ tri J yearly meet..i.ng in the umme r 19 1 ~7 1.F. pr sident was denounc "'_ as a mod rni t bJ aom of the · h liness leLder . Fi., of the co lege facu_ty member. supported hi.m a a four worked ag _nst hin1. t the b gi11- ning of\ the school ye,..r a me ber of the college be; . .,_ d a11d the lege ~upeti1tenlcnt of hE.. y .arly meef i g sent ] . .. t,ters Yer: ~ly Meetlng denouno __ ng the .,ol , a. d _ega ion of students .rorr tle college app-ared before the college board to ask for ~rl n s are cons ~a ve but matt of th yo1 ger Friencs faculty n1embers wh . No one se ident s ould be. d oul upportt.cl him le gned in No ember, to have any _ dea a to who t E\ f o er pastor of t 1e cl1urc \ .. ,, t_o but a- a .inister te ad avoidtd ~e to closely a abl get along · itu lead ..,~ of t • I 195 -4- • '-' .L ion The that s~ __ nce he caine ab le to bring toget~er, but he fa . · on of the c0llege be rune de:r- his adrnin stration. H .. s .gned i Tune, 1952. S· j1ce tha;;, J~·me the college. has be .,n run by a comtnittee consi~ting of t . ,e dean·, the pro- fessor o rel1. , .. :ton, and the director of publicity. During the administrb.t. on of the pre id~i +- wh was 'the co: lege acqui1"ed a libra.cy a dining t-tusic building, and a Dur_ng th·s time the .college enrollnent was en the presi dent _ resign d se1eral people who h~d w lled their m ney to the college or w~re going to give it money cha ged their ti 11.ds and decided not to sup ort the coll .,,ge . The holiness r end may have had 1nore rrt'" mberu, but the cons ::irv ti ve Frien o had most of the money . After 1949 the college faced declin g enrollments as the orld Wa~ II veterans completed treir college -raining an young m n of college age The colle e went ever d~e er into debt. S ,-•·7 _nee .. '::) · the college een very act~ vein m1 unity . arra·rs and was very pop ._x,.nther r ason was that the s people *ended to O # ~~e them elves from others: ';) a, . ,· atjon lea . .., sa1d the Colle e was a ing itself, . _ _. "'-· I,, v ram the c c,nununi t-y· nd its th.an- houn ·t .tude. Jxce t for the collegt. did not attract n1any student from e b rg. The enroll- m.nt for th y.:r 195: 1952 was 1~~; 75 J .r cepu of th students were Quake _ ·and 20 per cent were fr.om Newber: or t vie .n ty. Eve~ ome .. uakers in • - ~ berg ~ .rt children to o ;h r col eg .,s because the:r wanted them a, ay from the influ.er1c o t .... holiness faction. Several Q) ker in th local hi ~chJo said other students t hem for planning to atten. the colleg . The present lea ersh~ among the hol ness Friends has h. belief , at easter 'nd mo~. t other Friends are too modern.1 s tic.. ' )~ t~ _;on Yearl r eeting will not receive mtn isters from other yearly meetings until they have been investi ated as to orthodoxy of doctrine. Although the pre ent tendency of Oregon Yearly eet_ng is to go it alone and not eek f n nc~al as stance from other Friends, over half of the college endowment was contributed by eastern early 1 ncludes most thou a i me ber, port col eg. Tl1 re ere b th cl1urcl One c. t red a1oun tl e rob e I f getting - to 1 .. te 1n ewber . ... 11.1.bs ravore · t grov t· of ne ~ r,dustries in e\1berg., some of ";he churches and ovl' .... r gro s w .. re n. o en- +-h I..,• us merce me bers mentione dif erencc or op_oa1t·on ft e tayor ard [:;1.ty Co nci . .1;h mayor sa:td Ne berg d · a ---iee so 1. • 1 dt st1 y btit t wa .. near enougR to Par lan hat its ould be p reo_·_ -· d ~ntial ar.1.d tr-·· to at.t-ract a better c 1 as of pe p e He felt+ a ind str,· ould loca..,e bf.,J:--e ·t a nrturally to o so '"- 1d that s ecia corJ.cecsions "-;o att ct ind . tr:les. Som of th cr1 :ch and association leader fear~ that in 1 stry would bring a rou h dinner- il clas 0 into town. Ne~ er: had a fa rly no l., large group of profe~sional people an ver~ fe 1abo~ers in t churches. 1oreover ("',,c lled the , have very lo., · berg fo farmers. The ch1r 11 uor u, anc thy corf icte ith t e public ch ol~ nc·ng i sue . nher s on h., aJ }o some conflict between w r's tvo movie houses an ~ n:.f! of the churche,,.. T~~e chu.rches obje .:t ~ to th ovieo on Sur_d y evenings bt· -a, c ~ they attracted people way fro the chur A number of ch rch~s pecially the ~ d preached a ainst them. rearly all the churc~es oppos selling 1 quo in Newberg, but rncst of tr.e b ·")i1·essr1en, f me bers of the · .J:amber of Co1nmerce and th ,.:1erv1. e club are a f cross- section of t e ..!.Oca·1 b11sinessmen, wanted liquor old in Newberg beca. e they believed it ~ould attract trade . Ne berg has been a dry town for almost its entire history . The importance of ·,he Quaker in its ettlen1ent ha al- ready been disc ed; they as well as members of othar churches kept the to~n dry. Ho~ever, in 1940 th~ Council split eve ly on the issue and .r , th · · w.t, so for about two the for 1 ayor·. another casting a ecid ng vote pers a d a man w10 opposed 1 quor to run against him al- though this mar1 tere t nit po 1 qu ed the JOb nor took mu h in e electio~. In 1948, the in 19Ltl+ ran fo:t mayor again, and aga nth churches were a le o ~ rsuade a somewhat re- luctant nti-liquor candidate to run against him and defeat • Th e was paYv1cularly bad feeling n the community .. tr th elect- on . .. nd the churches ha. · ignat res to 1'h former may r had suddenly res g ed 1 , a ~hort time in which to elect a .., :r cardidate: r.J.al Associ t .nti-liqu ➔ minute. The ·hte haa expected him ✓ of th In the 195 the W.C.T.U. hibi t liquor· l., 0 i., 1 :l l{r;. r i their programs for them and This minis er 1 said a group of five g rls high 0 chool C.E. in 1949 by forming it and caused other members to drop out. may for that o · clique narrov, sjtlon to sch recreations as the churches "rTere not keeping up with the times . of God ini ter saia none o~ their youth ob hi they were takin the among h._ Frierds ce--ter. _cipal conf~ict etweeu t e of centered on the program... of the scho0ls. The lice one of the school t .. ·ne of their churches. C '-hought a party ~hen the churches 0 ~ ped out of .. . , t said ufolk se of r' young r meetings, the and adult assoc i at~ ·, . .,., r lie ts betw-- _n .. • _ .. -'•• " ~ only the this wa that the other churches separate ~ the community ·and its onganiza~ions whereas Association chur:A~3 -.ationships c1at1ons that le o both c -operation and cor1t~ Thus, social dist .. ,ce ca .1.. su.lt in isolation rather conflict. Even mo~t conflicts a ong churches in- volved the Ministerial Association churches which also co operated with one another rather than the other churches. uniess a · 1 the er churches agreed on it. Sometimes if nearly all -f-he churches wanted the activity, that did not want it were simpiy left out of t1at particular activity. Thus, all the churches in the assc i tion except the Luthe perated in th or religious instruction on d time from t schools. When the churches con£licted on the daily vaca tion Bible school, the association stopped sponsoring it wrote. t doctrines. t _, The Laymen's Prayer ly r1:1c lical views who , ·ts which he uring tne secretary and president called on him at him to stop arguing and dis- tributing tracts. They showed him how his methods were juring the group. that time he has become one best =--~~ member started an s ssu but tbey alway~ re ; e ing politics out of leader saiti the college at first opposed ·do blood bax~k because of be ,ak:Lng part in the pacifism. rector vras a recruiting o 1.. :teer the college ·the college of social control and t~ ·~c n mo J..L t e no -~ His techn· nor ng the side. ~e Free Methodist Churc into three gr~o ps. ne cl 0 ~ , eoole 0 h.,_gh schou-4 ::~n .. le- r :, ·..: t} \:; elderly mem- , •h,... ) .J. f : oJ. spiritual super- 'i l(, ,; '1 ask members about ir state ra<.;e estions for impro?em flicts among members were dealt tith at th Spe ches by l peculation n;. on- er~ o:f Je ova· ' W tne es con rs s on w d their attempt to ollin dissent; d u 1 1ho would ven .ri i J 0 t t J.,' y. J. . , .,C C program parties were the .... ra Wb.ile there were some p · no 011 . J_ ("; t, e .. .. , • \,,, •• .;J <" ·""'p ., ~ ~ • 1·~ 1 .:,t t'<t"\r·"' A-,~ . I l , t. .,., ~.:4..-'-"' ..... ,.. ~-'-. L, J. ale, at wl ,(-· ("", .. -~, .. "~) ...... .. ce "' • t .. ' ' v· ol :t1 e ·. t"\ q-i-- , ; ' \,., 0 1,..:,:t-e J')- 0~ l. ~.,, • .. i· h e , ,. ::.t . th- . i r-r· ··o C CC. 0 J .,ance diff' e1 T Lmkards had the r other farness tio. 1creased in stationar fro 1 or au t as ociations 1945 several churches an zed, but 0 es. and complexity. Its popula- O to 1940, and no new ed many ble, ' • . . ~o e me bersh 'tive, and rathex , 1ocatea and too small to experi nee chi :found n 1 (°l'er c .tie • u.1.. ..,Q • t berg on II . T t .. e sec to a i V ch e t deno n-t ona. sign~ficart s • developme t of tb.t: • c 1es .,_ ., e tllA comn from secta ·i an status to denominatior al s"-atus and pr mary roup organ zation to seco- Social institution rarely appear full ch rches or • inated s all in ganization , '· 1 1 L , . .. grou. J organization . rown .. t e cl Neb e Ol ,·r o · (' l•• 1 'l "li''lc 1 .,.., l Jf.,4. tl dlany for the operation and conflict of ocial n a~n ss. i terests and actl the co -ope ,,a ti11 · had rore conflicts than and the bit erest conflicts were church. T US:, the as ·Lunpt:to that tr j 1ld. co-op rat chu-oche' ops conununi ty e~d some on .. c .. , .... ,1ore fre ue C ➔ • ha ... no so oUCh a.du t organizations. to pr vail a ong t1 e that ·wa J.~ 1 King a ociat·· · l ", , ti..J. . 11 "" 11 or one 0 attitude 1 .Associat on ch 'l\1e meri1bers o · ed oat toe.. they all co-oper-at d in a project r else .he 1 i 01 of ,i~.t-- (.f ~"' ... ... - I a,ti ,, C. C d tl t .S .,"'\ J,.. .l J. • \.; 2 6 none of took th w ... .... e less participat on, but all the churches nth s hi ,. tudy s .. OWS tl at the re 1 t.t- · etwe n an oart cipat o m<Y ... sma 1 1 ch 1 ches ' e:1 me .,_ ... J ., social nearne S t1rn c lU sh and eader ....,hurch leaders were t ,.ore d nomi.a -han c urch le ange denomi .'.~ t.io"' than church " Churcb. had ewberg 0 tained c➔ ~-- churcl er • , members Associ occu e·t.onal mo -ilit:y- than t1in.:.ste ··a1 Assoc·atl .... n church than . church . cipat 0 more less . - 1 1.n aJ __ ,., f. Gro p h . ..... aa .10 e acquaintat members tha t e members had group leaders church m b r . e ... ":\ ha ea ers were better e church ng d ffer .. nce Assoc ation 0hur~a leaders t. ,soc at·on chu ~c. ool eauca ·ans wherea ,h leade.s us ally had colle ·e that the larger the church the deman there wi 11 · ~ for forn1al training of its wa supported. s the church , ·. grei· they became lized an the r leadership became profession- 1his t~'.'e,_·.~ tov ard professionalized leadership was that were expectin~ -c~r sters e, f1ll-t m resident ast ence in· str:y. 7. 1'he ratios o - ·· con 1 t unity leaders to th_ eneral rectJy w~th the s c,eio-ecor-,)mi h .gher s0c o-ecor1omic s of t. e IJfinisterial churches as compared w th th--. earlr. all the church u . ti n leaders attended t J1ini ~:rte1~1a1 A sociation · __ ,_!e,ri prastige., but the c...emand foJ: · t.r-oluntaJ."'Y lea.a.-r· ... hip wa.a e tensive. Remarks both by caar·ch m0rri'ber·e and other oeo le in the conL'n 1 ·1ni ty showE~a t l1.at min -_te;1; - - T,..\ ,. over-use of a few leader d d ... ot want a11:y l ooking I or oOrrle'Jlii ... e l tH:: vO ta rather large numbE..r of ~r~3 ... and adult associa ~ach roup o obta:n adequate 0 aven, , ram. erso, ---Gok ~ --ury Cash l1ctr: Robert, The Busines- Chicago: '-1.iett, Clar_ Do 1 urlas- ~ H. } av ... ., 1000 C tion to Urban Envir Doran-C , 192b. v"'"; ,-,.r'ir • ... V Jr.,_• "' 1939. 514 pp. al and • --unner, The New York: P.hases of' ndboo o fie c1- 7 rc -.es ach, ~ .. llj m H. ~ork : Fle, .i P-IY H. , The - ... , 1 ·1 '·./ . . ~ . ~ . . ve::l, g ~ O i -Cokest>u ~ ·i-. o c ..,., I,J 'I;. ·- • ...!1 .... ; th, '.:{ock~· e 1 [ C • , The Churct1 in otrr· :, ., _ ._. l,- elationBhio bet6en tne Chu'rcfi anr ew York: Ab ingdon-Col- ·e~bury Pr~ .. ·-=! 2. i n ..J . , fe - ~ ! ,• ..... .i:·ican Cit~. · : l..L versi -t;y· Press, ~~- ::\nthal, lbert, mall-'roi· .:.... · . Ch versity of Chicago Press.· 1 '16 6runner, Edmund Oreille ompany, deS . J Ghurch /ashin~ton . 5I pp . survex_ orge ss, o:c-0.rd_ .. ,Joanna., Yot~r ?1.:..t.y: . Provisions I~---~ Education, a e£y, and are. Ru ., ·s ge Fou."1.rf af on., 197+1. Davi , .t-~l .... i - o , Dee . , Granville. Hicks, Cowpany, ~ 9 11.r. ,., ,c· ' I pp .. ai O r'Iary . G· r l 6.1. ., of Ca·te - o ca.ao Prf;..s~., Town. la.11. Ogden, Jean,and Jess Ogden, Small Communit:L Stories of Citizen Pro rams at" Work . N and BrotFier- Rubiisners, 1940. ~44 ~ arp Organiza.tion . pp . - - ~,-a u l S. Lunt: Ne r Haven · I)emocracy in ualit . Ne ~ . ~' 1 .fe of a sity~re. 1. The Status ?Y~tem 2 ver·si ty Pr J a-f e ~ · e st ] , v ,o ,.,n _ nivers PTess, O!)~ept~ Bogardu. A pl t - sh1f?. Case, Clarence Mar h, ~ e,._ Yor • o .:"'ton.!' _(' __ "'_,..._· -~ ...... -~...;..;.... ...... _ _. _ Stud~ of . ..arles S0ribner•s Son, --- • Sociolor: .£on-Cenury- · T., Social Rel ons a of Soclolo. . -"New ,-;- 692 Stru.cture""'. ork: Harper oductow Inc., ul ture, and Personali t · . .. A" S Genera ------- and Publishers, Kimb(;j.11, York: ·r d ha1 le-z ...... Americ o · : · · · ~:l acrni 1 ny, . ,., , .l : ~lead~ Fraf"l..k States. 207 p. of T91~).. p .. dbo0k atio ·, rlc: l\ - l(e s13 1 N ebuhr, H. Richard, ca o: illett, C rces of Den na colany, ['hon1 s Y. pp. Culture. New pp. Bryce a __ ,___ the Iowa e .College, Tewa Agri ent Station, Io Exten- cooperating, Janu· r 19-80. Culture of a ContemEora_!Z Rural v mmunit~: ,.. n :-::, - , ~· tea Eta tes Dep·a::---tff1ent -or Agrl- w ~ _ ..... 'tll tural ~· ~ ic nXcs, September, al lke , 1 ' .,_ 11uni t ____ ar • Shelley ·aano . J;c-r•_,·~ · ey, Ca ifo~~nia: United States IJepa'r£menu of gricul ture, Bureau of Agricultural Econo ics, May, 1945. 35 pp. Dou K.ol ~ Leonard, Olen, and C. P. Rural C ~ :nt--. 1 ... S{ate. - ~w turt, Nie " .erf rank, E. J. , The time. Upper Darcy, enr1sy vania: Department of A ricult ~e, Bureau Economics, Apr l, 1945. 20 pp. f a Co - n War- T ed~tate of ltural 1 JJyn 1e ~ Walter Harmo l'l, culture~· Bureau of United gricul ura ar~ Rural Comnunit1: I>ep'artmerit of Agrl . ono 1lcs, Ja uary, 1943. 5 .ODICAL A TICLE Con ttni ty or the 6: 2l 1 -51, April, , : Religious A iol 9: own, µ Churo emb nal is, is 9, Jun , "Rural Churches and Communi t~l ···ntegration,,. R'L~al --s-o-cioloSY, 9:257-64, Septe her, 19tij. - ampb 11, Donald .1. • , "The Bogardus oc ial Dis ta ·· t: . . cale, " oc olow and Soc al R search, 36:322-26, 19'52. ~ - - h, "A ew Kind of ocial Re rch, 14: ichard, "Soc al Clas, Occupa f," The American Journal of ---· ·-- 1953. . - art "The ain and S . ____ _ .... , ·-- en, 11 ril, Hudson~ R. Lofton, "The Soo:ta"' Socfolo~ and Social October, 19"4"6. te.#'- t Ol :.) .L. : L} 3 t .f 533 Kvara:ceus., Willi""'m C., 11 Delinquent Behavior and Attendance," .soc· olo~~ and Social Research, March- pril, 1944. Lenski, Gernard E., nAmerican Social Strata or Social Groups?tt 'Ihe Sociolo~¥.; &8 : -44, Septemo Observer in C Review, 2:890-9 colog· 2.: 21 ... •• e:., · Soc a States," Jan1.1ary, v The Americ I953. 'rechniques in 1 '- 1 ral Corr.muni ty, n .... 96., ::)ecember, Social Psycho An1erican 1949 . Structu D. UNPUBLISHED Bacon, Charles fv1arion, "Chri~ ation in Certain Senti-Rur Master's thesis, The Unive Los Angeles, 1938. 88 p. ne, Byron, 11 The Comm,J.ni ty , Recre hed .fornia, stit rch on 1 ·s, Carl Douglas, 'A Urban Environment: Changir1g tudy Patterns o the Di c~ r published Doctor's es of ~ r; • st tit~tion in g ng Behavio J10s Angeles. Sout ern Californ Grtation, The University r eles, 1931. 276 pp. 0 E. MATER_ALS OlT NE ERG A Survey of ·--Oregon: Census of Population: a t S _, I I 3 7 : 22• • Nedry, H. ing u ber, 1 Ore~on, and Yamh 11 County. Cha oer ·or--comme re e, -:t949 . 1950., Vol. I, "Ntunber Newberg, 15 pp. i n ~)rea.on, 1r ~ r ... nbrough, A. ~a uHis tO \' ·~ - '• ·shed Ore on 193 hesi:3 .'.' P- Important tt r.. ,, 1. 2. I. Ch re • e • of h 2. u b 0 C cat on. B. um er 0 e e 1 r rr n t C urc l. the reli s C. Number of reli iou or 1951: • • rop ed 5. e of ers. 6. e b r • 7 e e ce 0 e • r J.. f e- r erral to • t 0 t C • • e 0 0 2 3. C 4. t C V ce • IV. Lead r ip • A. Giv t e ollo ata 0 C rch lea r ( in- other pai r 0 s orker , re churc4 org n za.tions n C re 0 ' 1. 1 umber o. leader • 2. Sex. ~ • G:t p 1. 0\, ., ) r. .. (3) d- ee erv C ~ ( ) n t C ( ) n e C 1 • ( ) 0 ro to n coo e a ? • (c n t or C C t tl u e 195 2. progr started·t ai s are used. ram. p· e11 ber ov es, out ko, cco, br dge, oth , an play • orte a part of t -- ' , . L,1cal church paper? Denominational pa er e Adverti n in local (1) Free space used (2) Paid aave tis • ailin rv c? g . Publ" ity by tele ho h. P pt not · e? C. Fina.nee 1. Val. a. C church • or ma az~Lne? ne • for 1 t serv ces? ? . ( ) ..... ) ..t:Sent;vO . • . u V b. :Number o.f rooms in church C ool. 2. Equipment. a. E·uipment f ;,\ chu C ... l,Jchool . b. Equ pment fo ...,f auditorium. C . Kitchen equ_ptnent C Dini g roo equ m e • • ter pro ·.ded ·t a en r • ..... 1 sonal I II. Group affiliations. A. B. C. D. Groups (social and relig loges, etc.) you belong Groups you belong to o·it roups you 0 1 1ld li. ke -o rou.ps frorn which your draw. c:t:· 0 · anizations, cl tl s, vO • 1 lb erg . l. ·de of .1 ewberg. belong to e )ship has been with- Give t1e followin ~ 'at - en activ· tie , functions for eacl1 or tl e gr,.., ur>. ment .oned abo· ;D • A. Activit es ( recr cat:Lonal, . ) in w :c. you take part. B. Act v t es you wouJ, 1-~e to enga~e in. • " Offices you 10 rv nolc 1 ffices you hav(~ ength o OU :t .Ji 1 • r.,, ..... A. e Ch . .. 0 4. t~e f. 0 nb • 5 g st:ons for· m ove of C r a t V t e or the C ") . ·t t a r e e n aJ capable le er'"'h p? 7. Wha . , . the e t roble 0 t • ch ... ,__ "' "I .. . B .. 'Tbc rd~- • """ at th n or ...... i...., --- ...... • I --::reat l"'~' .... n : • all ue ... tJ.on. Do no count not t .te t ) d city . · ------------- tate (or nt U ted ) of b uf mo r • , t 3. Yo r a 1 -29 ; 30-3 . 4 • 0- • -- 4. Your sex: n -- ; f 1 • umber o ya~ you ave 1 ve t V C nit • • Do OU ve n the y of e 1ber ? y s • --· ' 0 • I I • D~ you live in the near . :tot!; mar·tal statu · 1 ; wi o~ d • -- 9- You· cl ief occupation 10 . .t;d .cation you ha e cornpleted: school • --· ' college ; --· _ ad ate of chutch you atten _; No • - ·-- e ber? s • 0 • - • t ar ·' e , d vor e --- ,. , 0 • "'chool • __ , ; othe • _______ .... _,,_ Are you -· ' 0 , - , mo t 1 D a f a r? • 0 , • ( . 0 1 Bbl e y • 0 1 ac s a • 0 l ' e • • 19. 0 OU t t to 0 e • I fu 2 • 0 yo ol an C n 0 C C (c e , aeon or eld r 0 n 0 t 0 t e , nun. C • ) e • 0 '-'' ..... , • . . ') .. _J_. B. many e r e 0 n e 0 C rel ? 22. Do yo partic te in : 1 t C ? 0 • • dano~S! Yes 0 • ri ate a C ? Yes , , . , 0 • folk or B uare dance ? es 0 • p en C ,, , , • · To • or C •af ,? Ye 0 • church ., , , suppe s? y s 0 • pa --t e ? "e J • , . , . , , C urch summer camp? y~ 0 • 0 tendanc , J t. • ... 1... 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University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses
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Asset Metadata
Creator
Jordan, Robert Harley
(author)
Core Title
Social functions of the churches in a changing community with special reference to social processes
School
College of Letters, Arts and Sciences
Degree
Doctor of Philosophy
Degree Program
Sociology
Degree Conferral Date
1954-06
Publication Date
05/10/1954
Defense Date
05/10/1954
Publisher
University of Southern California
(original),
University of Southern California. Libraries
(digital)
Tag
OAI-PMH Harvest
Format
theses
(aat)
Language
English
Contributor
Electronically uploaded by the author
(provenance)
Advisor
Neumayer, Martin H. (
committee chair
), McDonogh, Edward C. (
committee member
), Nordkog, John E. (
committee member
)
Permanent Link (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.25549/usctheses-oUC112724853
Unique identifier
UC112724853
Identifier
Ph.D. So '54 J325 (call number),etd-JordanRobert-1954.pdf (filename)
Legacy Identifier
etd-JordanRobert-1954
Document Type
Dissertation
Format
theses (aat)
Rights
Jordan, Robert Harley
Internet Media Type
application/pdf
Type
texts
Source
20230207-usctheses-microfilm-box7
(batch),
University of Southern California
(contributing entity),
University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses
(collection)
Access Conditions
The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the author, as the original true and official version of the work, but does not grant the reader permission to use the work if the desired use is covered by copyright. It is the author, as rights holder, who must provide use permission if such use is covered by copyright. The original signature page accompanying the original submission of the work to the USC Libraries is retained by the USC Libraries and a copy of it may be obtained by authorized requesters contacting the repository e-mail address given.
Repository Name
University of Southern California Digital Library
Repository Location
USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus MC 2810, 3434 South Grand Avenue, 2nd Floor, Los Angeles, California 90089-2810, USA
Repository Email
cisadmin@lib.usc.edu