University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses

An experimental study in fluctuations among successive play performances

(USC Thesis Other)

An experimental study in fluctuations among successive play performances

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Content A EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FLUCTUATIO S AMONG
SUCCESSIVE PLAY PERFORMANCES
D .. rt tion
nt d to
th culty o h Grau t S ho 1
Univ r 1ty of Sothen C 1 on
In P 1 l 11 nt
of th R qu r nt or th D gr
Doctor of Phi osoph
b
John L. Robso~
Augu t 1951
T lzis di s rtation ritt n by
JO L. 0
und r th
on tudi
b n pr
guidanc f ___ acuity onzrnitt
and a_pp,·o db all it 1ne 1b r has
nt d t and a c pt d b th ou 11 ii
on rndua tud 111 a ·ch in partial f ul-
(illnz nt fr quir 111 nt f or th d gr I
0 0 I/II
·········---·--·--········------
.
D n
ommitt Oil tudi
CHAPTER
I. T
I.
TABLE OF CONTE S
PROBLE AD REVIEW 0 THE LITERAT
• •
The probl
• • •
• • • •
• • • • • • • • •
St t nt o th p 0 l
• • • • • • • •
s gni 1 n 0 th pro 1
•
• • • • • •
0 r1 n t 0 dr
t d
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • •
• •
r1 nt tu g t d
• • • •
P n
nc 0 ut r t on
... 1 ctu t on u
• • • •
• • • • • •
0 ta C 0 t 0 1 tion
•
0 t1 lit r t r
• • • • • •
•
• •
Or niz tion ot th in ot t h
P OC D
• • •
1 n , n h 1
t
• • • • • • • • • • • •
h
t
1 nc
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Th cto , 1r ctor, n t chnic n
•
Th ply
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
he p 1 t s 1 t nt
• • • • • • • •
chniqu us d to re 1 n
r pon
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
PAO
l
5
7
0
2
1
9
2
2
21
23
26
0
3
CHAPTER
I.
llot ng b th udi nc
• • • • • • • •
lloting o th c t . .
• • • • • • • •
Th ob r rt chn1 u
• • • • • • • •
h in r
-
d y photograp y t chniqu
•
p cor 1 g
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
t of t p o 1 g •
• • • •
iv
P GE
31
0
3
48
52
55
, _ O
D 0 0 HE D TA • 58
C 0 on o
0 b
0 b C
0
0
p
0
.I y of
t 0 0 g
b 0 C
An 1 0 ch act
t p r or in
1 n
• • • • • • • •
n
• • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • •
C
• • • •
o h
• •
• • • • •
• • • • • • •
C pon
• • • •
• • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • •
• • • • •
• • • • •
co
• •
• • • • •
C 0 h pl by
• • • • • • • • • • • •
60
6
70
70
7
80
82
83
87
97
97
101
101
0
104
V
CHAPTER PAGE
Lin omitt d
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
106
L n dd
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
108
or v1at1on
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
l 0
unn g
• • • • • • •
• • • •
112
1 C 1 an 0 r 0 d
• • • • • • • • • •
112
D
, 0
L IO s
• • • • • • • •
• • •
15
s t
p
0 l n oc ur
• • 5
Co cl 0
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
119
t 0
•
•
•
• • • • • • • • •
• •
2
•
•
• •
•
•
• • • • • •
12
p
I
•
0
-
0
• • •
• • •
2
p
•
0
• •
•
• 3
0 0
• • • •
•
1 6
•
-
0 0 0
0
• • • •
39
LIST O TABLES
TABLE PAGE
In Co position of h u 1 n
• • • • • •
II. naly 1 of u 1 nc Compo 1 ion
• • •
62
III. Balloti g by th u 1 C 0
Pl LC
• • • • • • • • • • • •
6
I
•
lloting b th 1 C 0
Pl SL
• • • • • • • • • •
• • • •
65
v. Balloting y u C 0
Ply CS
•
• • • • • • • • • •
6
•
Co
P r
V
la
• • • • • • • • • •
•
1 ot g
p
0
11 r
• • • • • •
•
III. 1 otin b L 0 0
al Et
7
I
•
loting b C
p
0 0
-
11 Et t
• • • • • • •
7
x. llot ng LCD P r o on
Re pon n
• •
76
I. llotin b SL Pla onn on
ud1 nc R pon 1 n
• • • • •
7
XII. Balloting by CS Pl P r o on
vii
TABLE
PA GE
udi nc R pon iv n
• • • • • • • •
78
XIII. C
Co bin on di nc R
pon iv n 79
IV. Di C Ob r tion o the udi nc
• • •
81
•
p
cording to th
u b r
p ri on th Int -Rd Ra
r
• •
• • • • • • • • • • • •
8
I.
nt o nt
t' y ud 0
C
•
• • • • •
• • • • • • • •
85
•
0 0
y J d 0 1ct r
•
86
•
C 0
-
0 0
or LC
• •
88
0
0 0 SL
• • •
89
0
0
0 C
•
•
0
0
0 D
-
0 0
0
• • • • • • •
• •
9
n 0 n
0 SL In r -
0 0 h 0 1
t
• • • • •
• • • • • • •
93
•
J
nt o r n
p
1r ot cs Intra-
R R
Photogr ph
for Audi nc
viii
TABLE
PAGE
Int r t
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
• •
9
XXIV. Co p ri on o Pictur s t to Each lay
1th E ch 0th r
• • • • • • • • •
• •
96
•
p R co 1ng o u n R pon or
b r o u h
•
• • • • • • • • • •
98
I. Co r on of b r o or LCD,
SL C 0 R cording
• • • •
100
I
•
R o d of u nc on 0
e t it 0 ug r
• •
• •
•
02
•
0 0
d _
po or
on o h
• • • •
-03
C - -_
0
0 C Co
• • • •
105
0 0 l
b n 0
• • • • • • • •
07
•
n 0 Ch C 1
• • • • • • • • • •
10
II. 1 0 C ct C or h
p
b 0 0
• • • • •
• • •
111
III n 1 0 C r C 1 1 0 th
n 0 n n Ti
• • • • •
113
•
An 1 8 ot ri 1c h Pl
b 1 C 11 no R cor
• • • • • •
11
CHAP ER I
THE PROBLE D REVIE O THE LI ER TURE
h tr h b n 0 0 rt tic pr s ion an
co un c t on or n nc th 1 t corde b g
-
n ng 0 n Eg pt, 1 tho n y p t. It
0 0 a ., 0 0 0 C
V n 0 h 0 bl ci 1 t o l av
n CO C C b V 0 n e pone to
0 C
_O
•
0 h
•
nt 1
0 0 C
0 V in
0
•
0 C
n to C C C n
o 1 0 0 1 p 0 C on
C C 0 0 t
0 co 1 0
p p
0 n , n h r
gh b
r - 0 b t 0 1 h an th
1 nc coul ha r s
•
1 o, th ir
p fo nc gh ar fro th a 11 r on in pct to
2
dialogue, pantomime, and ti ing. Could ach ord, g tr,
or pau e be exactly a b for? Thi inability to cco -
pl h
com 1 t, e act r p tit1on of pro
nc
a
play o on night to th net 1 p rhap th
o th
0 t
b 1c p obl to b
ac db for rth p ri ntat on
can be conducted n 1 giti te th atr. Th po 1 111t
1 t, ho ver, h
lthough co pl t
ton
h ch
la
b un tt n ble p hap
r an valid and r 11 1
n ic
h
orm nc •
ob
b cl
nt io •
b c
ot on 1c
p O C
an
h
ro 0
0 fl C
e
on
e p r
fo
for
n e hich ca
n a C
el b
op r ,o
f r C n
C
C 0
n e o C • S C
con cte, p rtic 1 1
ga
o h
0
motion ctr
nc.
0
Hovl n
es in
nc
A.
•
C
t
0 .
a.ct
b
0
0
0
t
pe i
v lop
ce
er
0
n
It 1s possible no to see a scr en clas 1c such as
Th Birth of a at1on
2
exactly as it as ho in it
origin 1 performanc. It ha not changed. If audiences
respond di r ntly today ro thos 0 pa t y ar , it can
3
afely b as d that aud1 nc , no th a er npl y, h ve
C n d. Ho ev r it not po ib to tudy, for exa ple,
h orig
n,.. 1
York p oduc ion o
3
b
Eug n
0 1 T
1 1. 11 kno of th no abl tag p
n-
t t on 0 hat er tics ve said or h t m b S 0
C ac or, d tee n Ci ns C n r C 11.
0 1 t t th a re b d pon
r C r 0 hi 0 n l 0 1 V n
C th no 1 tion n th1
d
•
0 on pc r p o o r . h c eco 0
0 n 0 t ve ion o th
a in n 1 0 0 pie e ng
on n. I 1 p r o a C n t
le t a e h e r to i
P r
nt ly, Cr-
a C n or co g n
play
2
The B t rring L 1 in 01 h , an
B. th 1
•
C n ir ct o b D. • Giff h;
d Epoch p. n 191. 1 t o n
915.
3
( e York: Boni- E g n O' 11,
Liv right, 1928), 352 p.
perro anc_ and audienc r pons th reto ust b dev1 ed
and mploy d.
.
If as um d th t 1 is improbabl that any to ply
p rro nee, v n of he
n ry, ligh 1ng, oul b
o ud nc
b com
th
p 0
pl
oul
0
o n
(1) h ec a 1c o
pon 0
0
0 0 0
r C 0 th
h fo o n
in o 0 0 s
•
0
C
n
p
C
•
•
p
ne
C 1
UC
pla, ctors, ir ction,
X t
1 b
on ht
h s
ho
h a
eith
UC
h b
n h th
1
luct t1on o
p C in
0 nc n (2) in h
•
nd
t o lo
•
Ho ch
•
C 0 C
0 1 11 d C
ent bro n o n
e t o
0 OU 0 b
e P
ct
a on ucc p
0 .ances o the ame 1 u
b
•
•
a. umb r 0 it d.
•
mb r of n d d.
•
b or ord 1a ion
•
4
5
•
1nutes of running ti
•
e. u b or mi c llan ou sound.
•
S lf-ratings, or ratings on over-all r ec-
ti n of p r or ance , b emb r 0
ch C t.
2. Ho uch luc u tion hould no ally b p C
n h pon 0 11 d C 0 cc 1
-
orm nc 0 th r d b
•
,
•
•
d ce t g 0 t of
•
0 C 0
•
C 0 0 1
0
•
•
r
-
C 0
1 C
•
0
, d r 0
•
0 0 0
ppl
0 co
•
•
0 al , a 1 t
ea t chn u 1 un e ( ) d (2)
1 bov"
S1 m. 1 C on n pl
pr orm nc an n au nc re ponse th re o 1 n impor-
nt th ate probl
•
ot on
mu t the la 'go on, b t
it u t lie tr o
mil r e pons n
ch n C n C ing
0 1
•
0 nc t
t 0
b
0
C
( Yo
it
r o
it m
Yr
h
n
Co
udi n
th
t
ha,_
0
co
0
ch ighv
ndpoint or
e
r
0
C
5
it
ht
h
-
0
0
C
0
b
0
H
s
nc,
lf a
p
a
e
0
0
•
C o
6
a clo ly
pro
r Y
ht th
un
t C 0
C
-
0
0
•
7
not in the origin 1),
C 1 .6
an th nub of curt in
B t by h t thod n t chniqu th t g anag r 0
t h ud nc
'
r ction? may be a um d from
th g V , t in th fi ld of d k 1 tt
r no nt on o robl 0 1 t n ng h a
p t, chn c , b o e
C
O_
n to t.
7
0 e e, ng o r
- I
0 C n hi 00
b
t
p
1 n a
•
h b
0 n o e ct.
•
h
-
0 t t
0 0
•
•
0 h
0 0 . n h 1
I
0 0 t oc on C a ,
pon t n
0 a 0 0 0
p g
0 0 0 hu
ng 9
T C 1
6
Ib • pp 0- 1
7
ork·
• •
C oft
9
8
nd the audienc ppl ud, r1 es, and disp r to chat
abou th ply. the aud1 nc fully unde stand hat
ha h pp ned o th ge and to the uring th cou 0
h p fo nc Do h r o un e t nd h ha
P n
n h it h h p n
?
The p r o anc of h .
1 1 n h h ctor g th to di cu ho h
0 0 ns h h
C 0
O _
, o
0 fo anc C 1 b
t nc C 1 ob V on, o
0
o--
io
•
0 0 nc
0
II
n
-- 0
o 1
0 0
-
C 0 C
b 0
0 0
0
0 0
0
C
'
n t
1 0 t r
•
So
co 0 1 0
I
0
9
the fi ld of psychology as did D an.
8
Ho v r, the are
quic application hich have b
prim ntal situ tio • It
nun d n
h
cont oll d
nough o
acco thi testing b controll d
pl h d o br ng o th t
rbitr ry j d nt of th at
p n ton col b u
tho , or
gad ng th
n he 1
n r pl C th
0
na
· e
e 1
a
cc
C
t
b
0
b
0
•
p 0
h
1 o n
t 1
u y i
t
a
1
8
Dean, loc. cit.
0
0
to b
P r
h ch
a tho
e
0
0
0
0
0
0
hop
nt ton can b
pport o o
t e •
0
•
O _
o ·
0
0
ct h
t t 0
0
0
0
0 0 0
10
?
Do m rod ce aff cation in tud nts? Ha
•
1 b in t t
?
.
s 1 n C ud C n rv top oduc efinit
0 0 h h y por th f ld or r n r 1
C 0 on s n a o g 0 h r r ld
p C lso, r play perfo
-
C 0
I
h 1 n
0 0 u , it
r C or ent ram
0 0 0
0 e
0 0 0
0
0 0
0 h
-
0 0 0
0 0
t
0
0
b
0 ,o 0
0
n 0
r ined n
0 · 0 0
So ve our b C
11
actor-audience r lation hip consid ration may conceivably
b con der d up ct unle s ubj ct d to sur 1c1 nt abo-
ato am nation. A pr limin y prim nt r 1 t d to
th1 p obl m ht be top fo a ply to n audi nc,
hir o ho e bl n o d, noth r th rd r plugg d,
C
1
C
e r
0
t e an ng th atch ng and 1 g o lly
2 0 r o C
l p 10 c b iz 'o h 1-
u
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 t
h
11
l
0
0
0
OU
0
0
o ca
0
0
e
0 0
ct
e
•
h
0
P r
1
,
0
n
b co
nte
n
0 0
t
0
0
0
0
h a ,
0
l
0
h
. 0
h
C
,
h tr
g Pr-
d nc -
0
-
n e P r
0
or th
r
th t econ id r ly ch night,
n ur ng and compar ng th aud1 nee r act o •
12
4. Is th demonstrative audi nee ctually e p ri-
ncing gr at r int r t than h un on trativ on? To
ht ext nt 1 ov t ni t on of r spon n ind x to
cov rt int r t? I lou applau , loud 1 ught , r al
monstr ten o
u ter a gh
ma u e bo
th re pon 0
t n •
o h
•
co
c,
--
fo d on
0 , C
t b
0
fo nc 1 t
C
0 nt r
? Her
n
d e
0 0
0 t
ir
than u r ppl u ,
chn u u be 1 e to
h r fo l , a
ch ,
0 r cul to
0 , 11 n
0 1
C
z
, n
1 er b t
nc pon o th pe -
o the va 1 ro
oun h ch o no r ct
13
ildly for th s me play hen p rfo ed on diff rent
night. ea ur uch a tap r cord rs, 1nfr -red ray
photography, nd ballots ueh a er 1ncorporat d n this
tudy may provide an an er to this n d
I portanc of th fluctua ion. o thing
pr1 rily r ough nth conduct of th
1. Ho uch flue uat on can be x
a e play p rfor don aiff rent n1 t
b ud1 nc re ction?
e p ri n:
t d ro th
r V 1 d o t y
2. at r tea equa n c or o h a o n
an t o fluct at1o to
val d . d
1o?
abl or 1
?
•
ht t ch
hist 0 P r
Certain luct on a to b 1 y p -
0 C o.
t 1 po n to 0 h h 0
econ rd r 1th nth 1 o ch nc c nc o
h h too at to b
lon • I
r 1 o ch ce
fl ctuat on
r1 tio, en
po 1 nt ion 1 h
pl , cto , c n r , a
p
co
t b
d r
1 nc
p fo
0
to b
1
nc
C
n t _
0
r
the trodu ton n
on of variable • f fluctuat on, ho v r, c nnot b
0
14
con id re thin th realm of chanc xpectancy, then
thy may prev nt th for going typ of experim ntat on
unl s th fluctuation c n bes tisfactoril xplain din
th p cific 1tuat1on of th p ci 1c prim nt.
o viou ly r any or the stu 1 di cu d above e'e
und r aken before this proble re olv d, cit c ould
tt ibute ny di nee on vari tion to th d gr or
ff ct venes of th pct o
th r ent on. An if erence could b ttrib ted to
h deg 0 k1llful , e o ional y, 0 ca act r1 -
t C 0 h udi nc r th th n to h ult ach d by
t ring ch pee h c ne h at1ng, co u
,
d o er o s bl r1 1
•
st, t t b-
11 h t at
P '
be p rror d ro on n ht o th
- t 1th ranee o ing no a u 1 nc
pon 0 l ly 1 C g 0
•
I . VE 0 LITE TUE
po the xp r1 en u 0 nub r of
all di nc r pon or ich during ply pr-
fo nee
r P
g no n 1 ctric c re i for th
9
o an C. ier, "The ei r A di nce-R pon
corer," Th rican Journal of P cholo , 63:87-89.
-----
15
oft n ubJ ct --'typical ud1 nc pr on." Th chine
qu1pp d th 11d1ng point o that the subj ct
could ind1cat hi int r t t v ry o nt o th ply•
n
h
0
0
co
v lop n. h point oul poi to d gr
ro "qu te int ting" to "not v r 1
of n r
ting.
nth 1 y
1
ov ,
h
p
cord ap a e fin ly
on a t
chron z d h th cri th
th r c ion o an 1 n or p od
•
or to
0 t 1c n
b n
z t 0
0
• n
0 0 h bJ c
h 0
ol t 1 ton.
0 o th p ogr m 1
•
1
h n t
1
n h 1
or
tr so
a r 1 abl
co 1
ud1-
C '
•
io 0
ction
ho
ton b
e b tons to
o bro c
0 11k,
n
nd1-
1 11 0 rr nc b oldin gr b to in
on nth oth
•
A p hon a r n tton
0 S t k a p h o her , s11k ,' a no
pu
' n ff r e. h b to r n r 1th
10
Paul
ch, 19 2-
zar r and rank Stan on, Raio
e ork: Du 1, Slo nan Pearce, 19 3).
----
electrical circuit and ct d itch
6
ctiv t ng inking
pen hich rested gain t continuou ly oving ppr tap.
Thi resulted in co tinuou cod o the 11 t n '
respon during any part of the progr
•
11
Hand 1 r pot R actogr h V lop by C l n
hich con 1st do ch 1c lly cond1t1o 0
gain t hich t d f fty l c r c tyl
buttons tt ch d to ch t 1 s b
0
button and r action c tegory
1 1 r o ho
desc ib d abov. If h
"
11
ade dott d line on th ppr
b tto
h
pu h , it r gist r
o d 1 n · n
m rk a m d. This r cod
n
'
r f a o et r in ha co 1 b
tot lizer o ho r ph c lly th 0
t ring 1ke nd 1 11
•
Th Tel oter evi 0
12
ver to con t of 1 1 h ch reco
or r pone: 1) 11k
e Y
ch, ' ( 2) 1
"
0
0
u
C
0
0
I I { 3)
"neut al ' ( ) "ull,' an (5) ' ry dull." It
(Urb
ll Leo A. Handel, Holl
___ .._.. ___
na: The Univer 1ty o 1
0
•
1
0
0
b
12
• R •
aver, 'St dios Us ud nc R
Cu tomers," Mot on Picture H
earch to
Learn hat Pl ase
J ly 20, 1946.
---
0
17
acco mod ted as any as 100 subject, nd a u ed tog h r
1th a qu tionnair
•
In th Sch r1n
13
m hod the ubJect k d to
co l t t1onna1 garding h motion pictu
tt tud On a u on 1 fo th ubj ct at d
P r
t t 0 ch 11 sho (
h
p t e 1
t b u 0 C ) goo
'
00 0 t t g,
t
int r
,
n
11
0 -- t n C 0 d 0 ot ctur
n ·
ho -
•
0 C 0
0 0 0 0 p C
•
0 to
C
•
co c ·o
Bo 1 o
11 hed Doctor'
pa tm t h
ng le).
•
s
Un V
h o
0
0 0 o-
0
0
0
C O ·
h
0
o h to
0 C 0
, n p r1
A c n
0
--o
cor
C
,
n prepar on for
So h n Ca ifornia,
0
n
pon
-
n ,
0
18
ym n 0 t p r co d g d vie, h h 1 1 b
rib 1 t , l o b in a-r d r y ho ogra hy. I
d ion, th r y t t 0 co n ur
on C 0 nc V 1 0 , 1 s h 1 hod
0 0
-
0 h C
I.
•
0 IZ 0
C 0 0
0
•
0
C
CHAPTER II
TE IAIB, SUBJECTS ROC DU ES
In gener 1 th
P r
al sign o h pr
t
t y ol o
•
0
nt
•
on , 1 y a d r p
1 2, 3, 1
950, 0
• •
0
0
1
•
e C
C 0 0
•
C 0
0 0 0
-
0 0
0
C
0
0
0
0 0 0
0 0 C
0 C 0
g ooh.
n r - hoto ph t n o h
20
audiences on th sam cu ach night for
ach play.
•
ap reco ding or all thr e nightly pe fo
-
anc s for m sur ent or 1 u h n
appla 0 th u 1 nc
•
2. Tho u d to ea u th 1 C
y p r o nee on t
g
a. Ballo ng o C
o-
0
th f C V n 0 p 0 C 0
0
•
•
cor 0
C
o,
0
h C
0 0
0
C l co
0 0
( ) t
0 h r (2)
0 0 t 0 0
11 o ore oing 1 ne C 1
Sto g
0 1 V
1
0
0
0
21
I. THE THE TRE, HE UDIE CE, A D HE PLAYS
Th
•
Th
Th t 0 of
Ang 1 , Ca
0 0 h
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
_ , 0 0
0
0
•
C 0
C 0
p rim
Hoov
1 o
o n
1
•
•
C
nt conduct d in
Str et nd Expo tion
, on h c mpu of th
•
Thi 11 th tre h d
t
•
h ch i 1
co t 1 u 0
h t od
r '
1 t r
I
cur-
0 on 00 or t
0 00 0
,
e
0 h
0
1 co t
1
o th
0 -
c on, p _ o a
, not o n o h g n ral p lie.
22
1 ion n V r charg d, ply r not publicized,
nd tt n nc by n itat on on
•
Thu
, th "r gul r
cl ent le co 1 d u nt 0 the Univ rsity o Sout n
C 11 orn , r d of st d nt 1 d nd t V 0
th 0 th e th 0 th C C
c re e n Lo An
•
0 t t 1 con-
n C 0
C -
0 0 t 0 0 C
con 0 0 0 0
0
b -
0 0
. 0
0 0
0 0 0
0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
1 0
C
•
0 0 0
0 0 a
or on-
, n 0 X
z 0 h ce ht l o to
•
In th ht o h 1 con id r ton a
23
d c1ded that it ould b 1 pr ct1c 1 nd un ise to tt mpt
to scr n prop ctive udi nc -m b r in advanc nd
"force" peopl to attn on asp cifi d night. Int
'it
a thought that h prop ct v cli nt 1
homog n OUB th t th thr udi nc ight b
' atche "by ch nc lon. pr 11 in Ju
ucc 0 c ion y b r ach db
Tabl I.
n
uf c ntly
equ t 1
ent of th
c ion o
he d t
o h
n b I r ecu y tt ch ng
al o
11 o
coop
0
h
C
t •
t d C •
h 0
r o
nd ec t
C fo ni
nth
h ch h y
X
o ra
a o • l o
0
1
' 0
l b
C 0
e 0
r en a e
t r 0 cl
a m 1
coll C
h r
•
,
C n
C
h .
n V
Dr co r
g n
•
h
th ougho t
at th
0
C
0 0
h
coop
P r
b
r
to
00
ed o
to
o of
0
h r
or
t 0
r
nt.
TABLE I
CO POSITIO O THE UDIE CE
Att ibut
Total Attendanc
•
•
e
o e
t
April 12
62
35
2
3
2
April 13
93
9
3
8
April 1
08
51
57
5
2 7
2
25
Ho ver, the tud nt r told only what it a flt
n ary for th to kno • Thi included the placem nt of
th tap r cord r (in ord r to avoid accidents hich ould
g quip ent or 1nJur p onn 1) and th orientation
nee say or filing out th ballo o p pa d for
1
0
1 . Thi b llot not p nt to th nt11
r h had b n compl d, o lo ing th
n 1 p r o nc • Th n no y e to e 1th
y
t C
0 0
0 0
nythin
he
ol o
o h r t
y of pl
th o
ht th
p 0
1
ct on
had b n
or th i
on
e 1
1
t b ,
V
,
co
rl
he
tho
t
o cl
0
)
n 1
,
1 ,
b
C t n
h .
( h
C 0
o t n
h p
0 C 0
nt
in
t t
on.
r co
0
C
C O S
i 1
n r 1
ri nt
bl t of
d
nt fo· r, h ing p rt1c1-
o 1 pro ct on o h gh cool
r hr pee top rfo prof -
hep rfo nc n g n r 1 er co -
hr th n b ngling din pt. It might
f that t e u 1 ty of th acting
26
p rformanc s not on trial in this xperi nt, but
rath r th on of uch things as qu lity fro night
------
to night, a ong oth r con i ration.
s st t d be 01 , the ir ctor of th play r
stud nt r cto , n h technic an, t nt t chnici n.
:Sup rvi ing H. tl , t ch r o th cl
o • H d n n 0 C p C ty o th tu en
1
ance
tor
anda
•
that ch ply r p b c p r o -
h th ee y hich ad up th pro-
r 0 , e t ord 0 t e r pr ntat on,
0
1
b horn on
J
0 C n of
-
C
•
pro s 1c l o
0 0 e 1 h E nt
t 0 0 n tion 1 1 n s.
he Lon Chr1 B la h ch util zed
n h C onven ion to te 1 ts to
•
The
1
ho nton 11 r Th
Lons
Dinner ( e
Yor: Sa 1 Fr nch 1931), 29 pp.
2
o 1 Co rd, Still Life ( York: Samuel r nch
1938), 8 pp.
3
he C of Salamanca (vol. II B. H. ,
ld
-
York: D. Appleton and Co., Cl r , e or e
193 ),
p . 88 9.
setting
Chri tma
s a dinn r tabl, around hich
inner n arly g n r tion of n
The action th n traced, by us ng bri f pau
to 1nd1cat tie p g, th Chr t
fa ily on through th y
philosoph cal n tur, con 1
ag 0 n.
In the product o
On long t ble plac d
y traig t-b c cha
oth 0 bin u
m ic ec nd e d
0
St
told o ro C
co
C C
C a d o o o
•
t a
i g
pl
C
h o
0
ro
•
1
-
0 0
•
PP n
1
0 n occa o
0 oon et e ch ba to
e pon b t
•
on
o 1 Co rd t 1
on
no c
0
•
0
C
col ection
led in hi l r or g n 1 or
him elf n G rtrude L r n
•
oel Coar, ht t O (Gar
York: Garden Cit Publ g COp 1936)
27
clu t e for
ric n 11.
n h act ng
n
0
0
OU p
0
co 0
0
0
0
o •
h
'
0
• Co
on l
n Ci ,
283 pp.
0
28
produced in En land hich as given th titl, Bri r
Encount r,
5
nd t rd C 11 John on.
Th C n all for co r hop in r 11 y
a on n E gl nd. hi etting provi d for the
produc
ri
ro
0
t
0
0
0
Tre
,
ta
o ·
b
Co
ion,
0
inco or ng b
ab h r
•
0 00 C C
cor
•
0
0
-
0
O _
C
0
0 0 0 h
0 0 0
r, h e holdi food an
Th h lv hol 1ng th 00
n 0 C 0
0
0
0
00 '
0
•
h r
ct
ng C
t 23
co
r n p 11
C 0
co
•
0 C
C 0
0 n
, on
g
H
n h r
pro uc b
a John on an
9 6.
b
in
0
0
-
•
0
C
g
E gl
No
un
h
th
0
0
0
0
0 .
0
oon
p
agic
b rb
s
C
0
0
0
h d
ly.
po e
n
u ba
0
0
29
th party b gun th the hu band r turn d
The stu nt V d th d y by procl 1 in h
nd proc to C 11 up h vi on
'
0
u can a 1 by gic, thu r cu ng th
'
h.
oro ly gg d a s
-
C .. U ch n
ho n 0 0
•
T r
n h , h u ci
g 0 0
0
0
_O
0
0 0
0
0
0 0
co h 0 C 0
0 o l
Therefore, ithout ch ng ng the u ual typ progr m to be
e p cted, a great pot ntial iv r ity in udi nc r pon
as made po sible.
The exp
•
h h lp o any a 1
ant cu in or er to perfo th ny 1 nt
ch h o b p 0 t 0
•
On iven
th jo 0 co n h r n h 1 0 nc
e a ran d p co e op r to C
ado a 0 u 0 0 C 0
o ob V r , ho
of 0 0 0 00
0 0 0 0 0 0 -
0 0
0 0 0
0
0
I C
I
0 0 C 0
0 0 0
Ho 0 0
0 0
- 0 t 00
30
t-
•
•
n
•
-
0 0 0 0 ho
0 g h t p ch r
31
Radio Depart t of h University of South rn C 11 ornia.
ithout th r coopera ion this
b en po sible.
perim nt ould not h v
III. TEC I UES U ED O E SUR U IE C RESPO S
B ing E.:1_ th ce. 0 e ch 0 C io nigh
, h 1
1 ual a r o r
h Ho n g r door co b a on
p
o-
l o 0 0 h t n 0 C
1 0
-
0 n n 0 be a
C 0 C 0 0 0
n
•
0 0
0
0 ( 0 co 0 0
-
0
0
0 (2
0 0 n
OU 0 0 0 . 0
C 0 0 l ht
r co h t c.b
•
0 0 0 on h 0
pa n t a ch o r o 1 inc 0 t
play, h a tho t e 1 ctor h ca 0 ch t
, h
•
32
tage mange, th c n, nd the time. The clo ing or the
curt in, it as st t d, ould indicate th end or a play;
th di ming don and bringing up of the lights ould b
int nded to indic te tim pa g 1th1n a ply (th1
atter b 1ng n c
Li ) •
h
0 h t
n
0 t 0
0
0
0
C
0 '
0
t
on
ry only in the production or Still
1 (th r for, th audienc) as
th 1 y hich h oul er not
th tr s
h ch
0
'
p to o chool
I
V
0 0
0 0
0
h n
0
0
0
on
0
tra
•
0
and 11ttl
0
0
t
og
r .
1
C
0
la
0
bl
r n
1
b f
r
0 V
0
p o r
nc
0 .·
0
n
f o pa o th prog -b llot o
r
33
bri r th a~di nc r garding hy thy had b en pre nted
1th b llot-p og mint d or jut a progr • In thi
ction th ad nc invit to particip t in "an
pe 1m nt' by indicating th ir opinion upon llot, nd
i nfo d that the d iv d ould furni h th
b or a octo 1 d s r a on. h e told nothing
o t g p t rn h ng
C
0
0
a
0 t
0
C 0
0
on
on
,
0
cod
d
0
t
,
0 0 0
0
2 0
0
0
B U 0 e o r n
,
0
0
p
-
•
oh ng B
, o ob e v r
_ co r d th t
o o r h
0 0
C
0
p
0
0
0
nd
0 .
r
e.
. 0
0
ch
n
-
llo -
n o
requested so that an accurate record may be main
tained.
2. Before each play, rad the b llot ng
in tructions hich ppear dir ctly belo the play
pro ram.
3. Just as soon as the curt in clo es upon
each performance, ARK YOUR B LLOTS I D ATELY,
and turn the p ge to th n xt prog •
•
Th ballots th I TEREST V LUE o pl
pe for nee. Thi a
pr sent t10· in co ri
you hav r en s
to ho TE EST
-
G a
1 to
Int
0
ent o
ou.
C
a
no
th
n
0
0
t
(
t
•
ch pl
0 •
) bo
1 o
nt (
int r t
on 1th
pl d C
e
h
m t h
r
d
nc
111 b
h o
n o
or
0
t h
in thi
P a
our j nt
of ch pla
ro
qu
C ori 0
r h n
y
sophomo nio 0 en or) b n. ho h no
tu nt belo co C p t h
present d rin th thr e ght r r s on fro h
34
h
35
school and grade school. These gu t v ry consci ntiou ly
completed th form, making the neces ary changes to pro
vid this additional information.
Instruction (2) as intend d to insure that th
ballot h v cle rly in mind the cor ct ay to complet
the ballot b for rking. Ev n o, it a anticipated
ha her wou b those ho oul fa 1 o co pl.
In true ion (3) intende to pr n th llo r
r o co aring he h e one-act pay 1th each other
b o h nt r t' cal. tr c 1 t,
cond, d t nt r tin in o r o l p r-
C
to e
0
h
C 0
0
0
'
0
1
r u 0
0 d. t a 0 l
0 0
0 ( )
0
n
•
C 0
t •
0
,
o h
no
X ri
1 y
C
n iv
t
0 h
0
•
0
0 0
of h
1 s h
nc
o r
0 0
r u t
11 t la h ld h r • H a n ta k to
an er ter a oh r th n on tot 1 r action ba
o hist eatr a ten anc, t ste, pred po it on, an
ht v r other factors contribut d to hi th atre r action.
m
int
on
In truct on (5) grant d n intermi sion. Inter-
re st nd rd practic in Stopgap Th atr.
0
o s, on b ten
th au 1 nc e ch n gh.
ch o - ct play, e e allo d
he al o provid d d qu te tie
or
0
t han
t nf
nd ct h
0
en
d o
C
0
co .
0
0
0 t
0 a
0
•
C
by h st g t chnic an.
clos in pee-
r ay hoto
ph ( 1 c d a )
0
t
b r o th a di nc r tur
urin ce ing. 1 o,
ar 0 th ogra
y
0 (6) t th t h b lo
ac
0 t 0 0 ce,
· o
-
0
, n olde , qu
0 0 co f e of
r of h n
0 - 0
,h
p 0 nd p onl h
op
•
b lo
1 n e
n or on-
d 0 -
c ion (7)
a C r 1 0 cc fu ly C p
a r nd dual ho f
p rt 11
compl d
ba 0
n on th oor o th
a ditori m. Th
r
ret e e
r ach erfo ance n
s d if po ble.
37
Som m mb of the u inc riv d la fter he
ori nt t 0 t lk h db n V n n th r fo 0 hat
nc t in n con B to ho to proc
•
turally,
h s 1 t -co r lt e spon 1b111 y in g r 0 h
ballot n inc th y h d co (
ir d) only to
h
•
0
p
2 o h 0 b llo (
P n
) , C 0 r C 0 d C
0 u 0 h 1 to 'h
C
I
0 0
0
0
2 0 0 0 d 0 r
0
•
0 0 .
0 0
C
c,
0 0 u 0
h 0
-
0
C 1
r ,
C a 0 purpo
0 h
P r
nt, ltho t hould not d th r no
p 0 10 0 1c ng h one tt n e th he r ro
38
five o elev n tim y r. Th b llo co r ct by
one of th audienc memb r ho ind cat d hi tt ndance
tubbornly and accurat ly "8" 1 s a y r.
On pag
3
of th prog a -ballot pe h pro-
g or he f r t ply, Th Long Chr r. lo
th p 0 a , h ch nc ud h t ho, 1 C 0
C s an g , C n h
n t d or 11 OU h 0 h
0 0 or the g
•
ot 0 0
0
h b
l o - 0
•
0
on co 1 0 0 0 0
p
•
h 0 0
t n 0 C 0
s C r hon llo
ch ck a 0
" n 0 rel n n b s C
•
th nm r e me con 1 to eft, an chec
or m r X" in the p e bet n then b r
•
In a
ca
I
0
1
s ho
th n
h v
•
0
0 0
V r, it
b h d
be n 1
ollo
0
0
s c ar
n C
0
0
t 0
Co
r
h
0
39
h ch numb r a ind ca ed.
o th t, for xample, "l"
cent or" x ption lly
con u on old h v
0
0
0
0
· o
0
h
t 00
0
n
co
bri r
-
n
0
C 0
-
0
n
on n
0
0
r pon
•
Follo ing th r ar and inst uction , th hou
lights lo r d th fir pla b gan. E ch ni ht th1
o tin p ctly. A th clo or th th1 d
an na 1 y th ba lo s ch night r coll cted t
th t 0 00 S y e 0 g ran r tant, ach
0
•
h th ch
C 0 0 0
co 0 0 n 0 C oll e
0 C
0 0
0 0
-
0 0
0
0 0
0 0 0
-
1
0 0 C .
0 0
0
0 0 00 0 0
-
C 0 nc 0
0
2 o r 0
0
an
•
th 0 0
41
the she t the 1nd1v1 ual as asked to cooper t in the
"e perim nt" in r ation to ea uring th comparativ
effectiv ne s of the perform nc of hi play during h
pat thre nighs of unnin. Th
e P
rticipant did not
kno thy ere to be ballote ntil h
clo 0 th 1 la
perfo anc
•
The nd vid
1 I
n , th play n h ch he
h
pp r d nd, in th a e o th 0
na t e r que e
•
Th C 1 of ov -a 1 f ct· V -
n "
ppear d a ol o
•
•
l 12
2
SECO
2
2
bo
- 0 C 0
e t 0 g 0 C 0
'
•
nt r nt 0
a 0 t e n r t . u ng" u 0 h p 0 nc
•
e an or e no f C 1 n n
42
th rd ci ion. hey completed the ballot hil aiting
to h v photogr ph of the productions ad and w re th r -
or 11 avail bl.
On th lo r h lf of th p
o non of h degree o r pon 1 n
bal o
0
o lo
-
0
•
•
12
2
2
o Coo
0
C
•
a
0
r a th "p onal
o th ud nc"
0
r
n
yo r
S 0
n
no
t pt
0
C
ot
m e to avoid th structur d first, cond, and third bet
ud1enc in ord r of th ind vi ual' prer nc • Thi
ballot a filled out by the per onnel 1nd1cat d and the
ballot coll ct d by the Product on Coo i ator. E ch
in iv dual ho a b llot th nv lop
nto hich h b llo
rovid d
t a fo d d o e ha ing in.
C
h
0
0
0
•
1 o
0
0
no
n o t
0
0
0
0
0 n
ic
0
0
o d o
n
•
0
0
0
t
b t
0
0
C
0 fo n
0 C on
o n
0 0 0 h
0
-
0 0
0
0
0 0 0
oc 0
0
ta 0 0 0
V 0
nc
3
44
hil 111 pre u ably b ng p t of th ud nc
•
End
t oubtl ould hav b n h most s ful . for uch
p
oc ur
•
hi t chniqu
r J C
d, or t too
ik 0 h V con tin ct pon th pl -go
•
h oic 0 t C n u co om e
b 0 0 b
•
o to 0 -
0 0 0 C
0 'o
0 0
0 C
0
0
0 0 0
C 0
C 0
0
0
0
80 0 r n
The booth on stage 1 ft as simil rly plac d,
1 ro ing it tin.
The booths
u 1 nee b 1 ev
of th tag. Th
against b ng noc
C rt , or by h
o ob erv
ch po
•
r neon picuous in app aranc • Th
th to b making units for th ing
booth I brace to s y h
dover by th pull n o th tage
ob rv r ed eh
•
to
too
p or h t h iqu
o th on t
g t te nd 0
e
t
•
boo r v r
t O •
t C
0
0 o-
· O
0 y
0
0
no
bob
0
y 0
1
C
h
0
0
a
0
0
h
ob
0
0
fo
0 0
p
C
u
o no
0
no
0
C
0
0
O _
45
a 1c
in o th
po c ion
pay th
0
h
o h
c ption o
y
t e
t
ur
ir t
to ro , a in com 1 te darknes. Why, th n, one might
ask, not into uc mor light into the auditorium if
n c ry or t chniqu of ob rv ion? If more light
h db nu th n typic 1th tr situation ould not
ha 1st • Alo th u nee ight h ve round it
i cult to oc h r t n ion upon th t g.
th 11 t o t th t pr clud t
o b t o o
to rot o
t O • 0
0
0 0
t
0
0
0
C o · e
0 0
h 0
0
p
n
u
n
h nt
c, r
00 hon
0
0
. 0 •
0
0
0
n C
C
0
audi nc, only th
sign for ob e va-
t let d h
e
i h
t
t of ac
ie d
C n
0 0 r OU d
(
C
00
. 0
•
•
boo
T
ro
C
bo
a for h to
ho too ch -
c on.
t gor s C 0 rt r th
6
11 ting of all mann r of audi nee behavior, uch a th
ollo ing: 11 nt moving o th lip, m111ng, lookin t
cop nion, looking at audienc a large, looking th nd,
looking t progr m, loo ing t c ling, looking at b ck o
t
a
C
b
0
tr, looking t h floor, 1 n ng o · a n t
ting
l p ng 1 g,
bbing no e
0 0
0
•
0
bb ng ey
io fo
le o
0
0
0
b
0
a C
,
C
n
0
0
C
0
0
0
C
or
on
cl a n
n h
ullin
b
0
o 1
0 0
0
0
0 0
0 po
1
0
0
1
ent on 0
r
S 0
C
C
n
1
0 1
,
V
i
en
0
0
C
C
-
0
r
r
co or
-
7
48
he obs v r sk d not to di cus their find-
ing 1th each oth r for th thr nights o per ormance •
Each night ach ob erv r a giv n n not book, o that
h ould not co pa e hi o finding on on night 1th
tho e or th n xt perh p prejudic ng hi self.
hi 1 th type or techniq for ienc ob rva-
ion u 1 l on b cto , hou
n g .
a
ca al ob r
•
or e , r ort e
0 y tema z a d e C 0 tio by n i 1 ,
cin po t 0 o th 0 0 1
C n 0 de 0 n e
0 0 0
•
0 0
e 0 0 0 0 r 0
o ,
0 to
0 C 0
0 co 0 C 0 r
0 0 0 0 co
•
I 0 0 0 ho ogr h
0 . 0 0 0 s 0 0
p ur 0 e 0 n C pl
ac 1 t 0 rov 0 0
49
comp r son purpo
•
But h qu tion roe. ould no
th audi nc s be m de con ciou 0 h udd n br gh 1 h
u ually n ry or th t ing of th
e P
ctu e? And
after th fi t fl h oula n t h ud1 nc b g n to
n ic pat f rthe di ction b 1 r by u t
fla h to the oin of g oa n ugh
0 0 ? h t 0 0
0 h 0 rpo C
s r C ec 00 0 0 C
-
C 0 C
•
0 C
0 0 0 0
0 0
•
p
0
0 0
C C
0 0
n
•
2 0
-
0 C C 0
0 0 0
•
0 0 0
0 h 1
'
C io b b n 1 r
•
0 0 h ob b y d not no r g
50
pho ogr ph d ( ince th t chnique of infra- ed r y photog-
raphy a
till r lativ ly ne ), or th t th click of th
c era and th
unt n d came
•
lo
The o 1 1
re v n conn cted 1th th
ppar ntly
str ct.on of th vi ibl photogr ph r
as
V
inat d 1 t e re en
ri nt by th o a
ict r
h ch b e photog ap to a h
on b r o
h C
cont o a h t n t d nc •
g
0
n
0 0
0 0
•
a ro
0 0
0
T
acco
n r
t r
nc
C
1 0
ai
a
on of th
0 e
h
o o r h
b
-
0
,
0
0
f
ca
d n t
o all thro
plac on po
t e b o d t C
h ch ro
0
d
0 C
on
a 0
0 n C
po io 0 h
as
am po t on eac
h
· nee
elo
1
h
h f
0
a an
n
r
C
obli
n gh
•
It
The C
o n
n on
0 t
n 1
)
0
r n
n r
r ra
ce o
0 t
n.
ng
00
p
1 u a
t
c-
t std at dr ss reh areal prec ding the opening night and
extrem ly cl ar picture r u ted.
Thr photographs e - tak n e ch night, one for
ch pl •s u 1 nc r act on t given point. A oment
ch lay ch h C a co id rd typic 1. n
Th Long _c ____ Dinn r a ale n o nt,
re
a o
n
0
o choo
n a 1
0
thr
0
0
a
o h
th
0
0
p
0
0
d
a
n
00
0
n
(
0
,
1
n i
1
in o
o , n
0 0
C
V
0
-- --- - -----
on. 0 0 t
i er a n o n
of tr h 1 0
i 0 C
0
C 1 0
0
-
0
-
0
C
•
r 0
0 0
51
nc h 0 h t 1 h
0 a , a r r n
p 0
a non 1 o on der b C
ch o t r ro p
of u nt j g ( ho r
completely unr lat d to th production)
ballots som ha 1 lar to hos u by th
ubmitt d
ud1 nc
•
A ampl of h ballo ( ot number c nt rd fore ch
rating ns ad of bin p ac
h
h
11
B LLOT
In my op
p
ctu
on-
gh
a d
0 '
0
0
co
r
PICTURE
io th I
b
2
D
0
0
0
0
0 0
o let a b for) fol o
BER
0
n
C
•
0
co 0
C
ud
)
0
0
S C
C
on
0
0
0 •
co
h
0
52
1
•
•
0
0
)
or 0 b t 0 C 0 g t n
o 1 b .. o t
0 of he 1 y n h u C
53
reaction.
T p cor 1ng cho for th purpo
•
Arrang -
m nt r mad 1th th Radio partm nt for us or
agn cord T p R ord r, hich u
'
pools or t p playing
0
0
u
or
p 0
h thr
io,
ly on -h 1 hour ach. Sine the first to
one- c play re o 0 h non -h lf ho
n n c o u e t o 00 ch
y n o e pool ro th th h
to al
rs
iv
0
pool o ape pr n h or thr ni ,
t1o to
0 00
_o
0
0
C
•
r t
0 n
c o h ro
n ov
or h d tori
0
0
•
0
•
0. I 0-
r
y O C
1
0 0
Seo h B n
1
0
0
tha
0 S
0
h n 5
on
h or1 in 1 n
0
0
•
1
0
0
,
bl
o ha
1 n gh ,
co in
0
h
00
0
C
0
0
•
on
- p
r o 0 ov r th n
nc
•
On cro on hung nth C nt
(ob c r d rom e of a nc n
54
play ) ound uring res r h ar 1 ho V r, to b
mor than a quate for recordin pu po
•
u n th on
icrophon, th r cording a 1 n ab to t
b tt r b 1 nc b n h u nc nd he cto
•
h
to pl ce h C d ng apparatu n th
record1 g t n t obl
•
The ce b
C -
S 0
n g og h t 0 0 0 t 0
C 0 0
•
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
o'
0 0 0 0
co
0 0 0 C 0
0 1 h 0
0 0
n
p 0 n
•
h co t ol 0 t co pin
ic in h n thr 1g t 0
55
p rfo n , o tha th r cording ould b m de t xactly
th sam volu e nd ton 1 V 1
•
Sine volu and dura ion
of 1 ught r nd ppl u 1 t r to b m a ur d an
co
P r
fro nigh to 1 ht, h control h d to b m in-
t n d xa tly ach n t.
r ord n ro h h n h 0 xp r1-
n 0 0 0 b o
•
co 1
r co t cl a t on o h
co 0 t 0 th 0 ch 1 h
0 00 y
0 0 0 0
--
cto 0
C 0 0 0
O _
0 -
O _
0
0 0 po 0
0 0 h 0 0 0 1
, 0 0
00 0 0 00 t C
C 0 b 0 t n fo
p b c un or on -
r o
h m n or h pl C r an Ee o T p
Recorde, on xtra sp ak r, an mplifier, an
Th control of th Echotape--th b
and the 11 tening volum -- er tat point
one mt
•
, th
hich
' t
trebl,
n ured
a goo r pro u tion in the oon1 u • Th
u don ch play-through of th t p •
controls on th pl fie r t n no
Sm rl, th
Chang d though
t
th
y r co antly ch c 0
nt.
he
ght
ha
vol
e
h o
po n
e tor
0 u t
ain cont nt.
th co par tie ol o 1
a p t n nt u d
0
On h
er p
t e
n Y
0
1
t
n
11 o 1
•
1 nt
ply-trough,
ed int
r no
a
co ct
th e
1 t n ( ),
pro ct o o
oo, 11 t n
e o
s
h
d to
1 u
•
0
h p
g
C
C
g
0 C p r 1 0 h o o in poi s ( )
o 11 om t e , ( 2) n d, (3) fal 1 g po
h
1
e
o r
0
c or
( )
C
(5) I O O n (6) airpl o nd d (7)
h
( C 1 n 0 ) . s 1 0
th C pt Of ch ply 11s
t n (2)
ed fo 0
no boo the fo lo ing: () n mb of or b t
o 1 t , a or ab (2) 0 itt f C
(3) la d ore 1 on r c n (4) co h
h
d
1
57
On th econd playthrough, As 1 tant (1) atched
th m ter to BC tain the volum of ach 1 ugh and
appl u for ch p rfo nc, h11 A 1 tant (2) cal-
culat d h ir ur tion, u ng a ri t atch 1th ep
con h nd Thu th volu and ur tion of ach laugh
an the volum n ur ion or applau for ch production
0 cor
•
1 o r cor d th
-unnin
0 C p for nc
•
CHAP•rER III
PRESENT TIO DI TERPRETATION OF THE DATA
ha b n pr viou 1 t t d, th ain probl m o
th xp ri nt to fi d th t n of luctuation in
pla p r o nc nd udi nee respons ong ucc iv
r o nc 0 pl n ct un 'no l" the tr con-
on. h p 0 n
nt_r
in var t on o t
or inary p
n 1 1
•
u ly n e 1 nt r
t 1 0 1 le co t t C n t e
C 0 C 0
•
h p
e t
0 0 on 0 ri bl an
0 0 C 0 t b t tion oul oc ich
o l on 0 0 co rol o
0 h h luc
-
on
_0
0 1 0 C 1 0
t 0 ty t C p
oc -
r to h o h ch r hi
0
p
G o d. B C 1 he ch
0 r h q t 0
•
C n h
•
0
59
amples hich e hav t kn b con ider d to b random
samples from the sa e total population? hu th individ
ual performanc of each play c n be vi d as a ampl pr
fo nee from th o -all populat on of the three combin
night. The nu 1 hypoth 1 po tu t d h chi ba
on th up ion that h i er nc hich oun
be en th pl c be x 1 ne on th b of ch
or pl o • e ull h o 1
pro e or ad unt nabl, h chn g c b at
n ca ing bl ic o r n f c o
ch n d con t •
T
u l proc u
he chi u
1 C 0
th
tion
in
alue o
b
pr ation
a. Ho v
ch C
be n e po d.
d
t n 10, t
And if o tin
it 1 cons ered
rt 1o of c
fo o 1
all h n ri 0
fo th cu tio co
d
h
•
t
a
h nee
po
00
th
r
nc
on of
I 0
conf
1 na
h n ho
s con 1 er r
ho 1 0 C
gnif can
0
ho o
V
h
or
occ r b
0
r
r
nific n
5 1
1
1 o h
lon
•
nc h
nc o
t C •
1
n -
r C •
o to 100
r
d 1 n t d a th 1 per cent and th 5 per cent confidenc
lev 1, r p ctiv ly. Wh n chance factor alon of ran
ad quat plan tion for mor than five tim a in 100, th
a umpti no no diff renc a usually cc pt • th
n bro ti ch nc alon offer th pl nat on for
the d r nc s d erase h hypothe i of no 1 f nc
b o s d f cu o ant n. Thro gho t the
y a to confid nc 1 v 1 111 b ut l z •
60
In o to h hypothe is 1 tiv uc u-
at on, 1
1 V nt
n t
p r o
hypot e
r l
ho
1 y
t n
a C
r t
s
pos
•
a 1
ctu io
a C
ar o u 111z and n om ca
"by h c o sur ctu ion n
S nc u o th techn qu o
tho pr c d nt the t t n o e
e d tion l ta k of e al a 1 h
ty of 'y d tic . T , v
a r by giv chn ,
ght n pl th t th t chn u
t lf o nr liabl at on y ch need r r nc oul
v b found--re ardl of ho th v 1 r
co tro
•
I. CO POSITIO OF HE AUDIE CE
Th rst t pin th naly s of the da as to
61
t in the co par bility of th audi nc from night to
night. Th chi squar test a applied p t ly to th
numb r of m n nd om n, u nts and non- u nt, th atr
t ndan r u ncy and th otal attendanc for ach
n ht. h re lt hav be n pr nt d T bl II. n
0
0
C
on o th o ain d 1z o C
0
1
00 h
n
ro
0 t a
C
0
C co
r in
C
ce .
r o h
pr ed
o off
b
a b
0 b
1
1
0
t
•
h r
I
t
l
0
co
r q
C •
co
na . o
r
h •
or
LO I GB T
t o m a
1 ha r ve-point r
pr o , ere fill
ho
qu
1
n b
fo
0
0 0
r
d fo
UD CE
th
•
0
xpl
0 0
0 0
C
robab111ty
prob -
0 t
ning th
0
z o th
on
r c 1 th ad n
g cale. Th e cal
out in ividually b
,
ttr b C
0
62
T LE I
UDIE CE CO POSITION
Proba 1 ty V 1 e
.05
•
1 0
2. 5
.15
•
0
memb rs of th udiene and indicate high through lo
inter st v lue •
Table III, IV, and V pr ent th u t of th
63
audienc balloting. Th s tabl are arrang d o th t th
comp ri on y b made for each s parate ply on th thr e
p rformanc nights. 1 o th follo ng bb v tio
re ploy d n h and ub u nt tab LCD o
Lon ____ Dinn r, SL or Still Li nd C or Th ·
--
of S Th s rang nt a th t
or r o ply s nta ion on ch ni t.
co bin
•
h e o
nc •
ch
in ic
C nt
n
o e
ten
nt
evel.
0
h
b no
hi
•
Co
0 0
0
0
t a t
to
n t
lo
t O p
•
h
0
n
. _ ll
g
C
0
0
0
o b
OU b
0
0
C
•
b h c a c 0
0
C
le. e
t lmost r c
h r a on pp ar
C 0
th
"o b
C
i ni 1c n or 5
u larg ly to
0
h
0
6
II
B 0 T 0 Y CD
2
O 57
2
B LOT
2
2 2
5
0
TABLE V
I C 0
ST O L
0
L
6
66
LOTI T S OR P cs
1 12
3
A ' s 11
6
2
7 5
2
-5 2
0
7
2 5
number of fir t choices indicated on th first night. It
is pos ible that the a dience's" ymp thy" for CS
thi night hen the all of the hou e bearing th
on
indow
thr at ned to cap ize 1th the if of the play a h
67
thru t her had through it and b gan to fan hr lf charm
ngly. Thi occasioned he loudest nd long t 1 ught r of
n o nt of 11 thre n ght, nd ight f irly b
u po d to hav rai d the pirit of the occa ion.
It al o orth noting that the numb r of peop
ndic ting n ere t
h f rst n ght th n
1 e as lo r for th thir ply on
th number makin choic
night. h
to rd
ller n ber e ir t top ays on th sa
of e pon s m ht hav be du o th f c th t so of
th t,
the 1 nc s left earli r. nother xplanat on
for om r son larg r nu er ot indic te an
spon • nc i i fir to sum that th r h
ore nf o bl e pons s th eff ct ould be to deer as
h xt nt of the iffer nc
•
Thu the high chi q r
co 1 bee pl n don t e ba i of factors hich ten o
i ini hits siz.
on ch ck on th reliability and alidi
1 nce-b 1 o t chnique er~' the ferenc
of th
among th
three plays ere t sted. The hypoth sis a that there
hold b greater probability of a differ nc in int r t
68
value among thre quite different plays than among three
uccessive p rformances of the sam play. The results of
this t star pr sen din Table VI. It as seen that the
chi qu re val as 32.95, hich far exc ded that
uir d for ignific n at the 1 pr c nt level. Th
hypo he 1 SU d 1mm diat ly above as, therefo e,
us ain
•
Con
r n "n
a 1 Tabl s III, IV, , an VI
to ther, 1 as cone u d that the audi nc -b llot t ch-
n e pro id rea on bly tabl nd
robably V 1 V C
•
It ht b r co en d for
r 1 1 u
enc - 11 a 1 0 S a n h in
h 0 0 per o nee re 1th n
11
•
h ht nt r ret a anin 0
0
1. h UC t 0 rom ght o nigh n
o b 0 0 r th n mula ive.
2. r en 0 e the nt re t
0 t 0
, n d -
s r 1 1 1 n e by th ordi ary
C t on of 1 ta 1 of performance.
3
o e o bin tion of (1) an { 2) •
1
2
-
ng
o 1
38
57
25
A I C I
p
8
L
2
6
5
257
C
50
9
9
2
2 3
69
LE
ST 0 LY
ro b 1 y
C V
2.95 .01-
70
III. B LLOTING BY THE CAST
Th second thod for augin th eff ct of th
play per o mane involved b llot n by th cast, ir c or,
t m n ger, Hos anager n Pro ction Coor in tor.
In thi llo in proces , t 0 ra 1 g r d
•
E c
b llot r tiliz d a five-point rat g 1 or d
ov r-all r Ct V s of p r o nc nd th g e
aud1 nee rs on iven s
•
ppend A cot n mpl copi
of h e rati 0 hich
on ent.
Ov
C 'rt n a on ov r- 1
nt
•
h bl
rr nge in so
1nco po a n a din
nub
ha
a
h ho
y
C
C
1
•
II
E
th
II
in
thy
0
1
V b
n
io
on o
n
fo
ro
. 0
0
pl
o b
-
r onn ' ratin
sk e to ar . the 1 , or n h d rec on o len nc •
Th C p u t mall nu ber or p y on b
ugg t d th n bov - ver ver u an av r g - n
belo r ngem n old b 0 u bl • hr or
t
rating one and to er grouped tog th r, r r ting
th nd lo •
of cts b came i m diat ly appa nt upon
h
0
,
R t
-2
3-5
To l
2
3
15
IG
13
6
9
15
12
3
15
C Sq a
9.33
71
- •
Rat n
-2
3-5
o l
1
TABLE VIII
B I BY SL PL P SO
2
2
3
OVER-ALL ECTI ES
3
1
8
13
3
0
3
C
q
10.69
P ob ilit
1
.0 -
72
a
1-2
3-5
0
2
9
2
10 10
T LE IX
7
3
0
C Sq
0
73
74
examination of th s hr tables. Fir t, there was 1 ttle
agr em nt among the play personn 1 members on th ov r-all
ef ectiv ness of each play. Second, all thr e c ts
though that there a a significant diff r nc in th 1
p rform nee from night to night.
1th uch mall c 11 fr q nci
1 ollin th C ,
t 1 ng OU
sq r a 1 ry ar. Ho v
th t th c tr 1 c 0
g
h r
oo b C
1
C
0 .
p
p
C t
•
t 0
0
abo
'
r
con 1
r on 1, C
V on
'l - o
cont
onn
'
-
t
t 0
nc
r
I
•
1c o
I
0
r
1o
han th
o th o
,
h
o h
0
0
0
0
V
0
C pon
r lf-
a
0 p
1g
n-
b
C
n h
,
0
n b 0
1
n cs ry
on ' chi
0
ho
one ou
c ch
a
0
ho
0 0
0
n
•
T LCD ro p
and the SL group, in Table X and XI, were similar enough
in rating to be 1th1n the realm or chance xpectancy.
That is, chanc factor lon or ered an acceptable
pl nation or th obt ind fluctuations.
Ho v r, th play pr onnel of CS in Table XII,
75
1ffered v ry 1g 1 1c n ly i thei rating. Examination
o cu 1 rt n nd1c h hi o rce of
t uctu 1o a 1 of rating on the second
nigh o o nc hi trang inc the aud1 nee
0
0
e
n
o n
n
o o 1 b V, r q vora 1.
0
0
C
0
0 C
0
r n
•
o ht o th ct h thi
no
0
n o
II,
t
or t
o _
0
h
C
h
n
o ab e
•
Ho
ting
o o t on
c or on
0 n
C
fl C
p oc
0
r, th
fo the
t nt
e
b
on.
0
h h
h t
1 o
t
h d ff r nc
chance pect-
76
2 C
-2
-5
5 5
R ting
1-2
3-5
0
TABLE I
BALLOTI G BY SL P Y PE SO
12
0
3
13
0 UDI CE RESPO SI
Al3
8
5
13
5
8
13
C 1 Squ
.01
P obabi 1
lue
.15
77
R t
1-2
3-5
To 1
ABLE XII
BALLOT! B CS PLAY PERS L
Al2
10
0
10
0 AUDIE E RESPO SIVE SS
3
1
0
7
3
10
C 1 Squ
11. 0
Probab lity
Val
.01-
78
R t
1-2
3-5
o l
TABLE III
CASS CO I DO UDIE CE RESPO SI
Al2
31
7
8
20
8
38
18
20
C Squ
10 80
s
Probab111t
V 1
.01-
79
80
IV. DIRECT OBSERVATION O THE UDIENCE
Anoth r technique utilized to ob ervers who watched
th reaction of th udi nc from nclo ed ob rvation
booth. our audience ct1v1ties r corded by thi m thod
r as follo
•
•
y ning hi pe 1ng, looking a ay from
th t g an hi ting body posi on. Th th only
hich pp ar ac 1 ti abul te inc thy r thos
to b t n icat ve or lo of int r n 1 o th
t to ob e v • n 1
r ng h
r
hi po
di nc
prov
pon •
0
be of no fo
C on nco
ency 0
•
On ob 0
f C
•
or pl
0 n
0 c ion
a 0
t 0 n 1 e 0
0 r g b
large 1 ctuation i
night to n gh or th
1 g d rep nc in vi
t o obse era. ca
o l rge tha 1
C t 0
on co pl
0 0
(2)
1
1
ob r
1
0 non.
bl V rev
ro n th1 proc
t 0 h R n he
t
•
n
·g
h for at
1
•
s cond th
tu 11 e ery c t gory
con-
r ng, to
h
bl
cco n d
o h
, ch
0
gor fro
a
b t n h
of th latt r eason, no ch
ABLE XIV
DI TO S V TIO OF THE ODIE CE
Pl D te
LCD
LCD
LCD
s
SL
C
C
2
13
l
2
- 3
12
1
R
0 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
3
0
0
2
7 23
20
8
3
2
5
8
0
0
8
58
27
9
56 2
6
25
5
29 2
2
5
23
0 0
0 2
81
82
square e c lculat don th frequenci s tabulat d. It
as pos ibl that for the am
xp t do ly h nc v riation
ndividual th r ere to
ithin th m c tegory on
th a play. Ho v , the diff r nee bet en ob e vers
oo 1 g to b combin or t111z d.
0
0
0
hr or, thi
o r
dd ion
or
0 f h r
on
0
0
g
t h p
t r
0 he e
r
n o
•
u
0
C
C
0
in m d
C
e ha b en hown o be in-
p 1 n al
n
h b
dy. P hp
chniqu s ould r due
· c by h pl
th t
d
hil di ct
ctor, ca
t
IC
d C
•
0
•
Th
i h
pl n
a
0
r k
r uate
0
tte pt d
f t
0 g
'
1 b
0 th
peec
n
c iv n
•
u e
C a
•
ch night n ch
r that thee
t r
n alu tion of
h o nt of in e t and econd judgm t of
th au 1 nee mood.
83
Th s pictures have b en plac din Appendix B.
The numbers on the pictures r arrang indicated in
Table XV. Thi tabl d monst at the r ndom order of
pres ntation ut111z h the pictur er judged.
Tabl XVI ho th di tribution of the judg
'
rating on 'in r t b 1ng hon' fo all nin photogr ph.
It a not th 1 five o he nin n nee, a o ty
of th ge
I
rt ng fel nto 1 gl C t gor
· in
h
min ng for 1n t nee a Jorit r 11 in t 0 d o1n1ng
t or
•
Thi ugg t d rpri in con ncy of
nt
•
0 mood. h ta on
I 00
0 c-
-
by 0 cont co C n
al e C nt fie 0 0
II
ri
n '
ho
•
ro t 1 t bl C b t th
V r d r n 0 0 on 0 1 cin
h r
-
d pie r n o 00 C te 0
•
h Pl l
n Pl y 2 h 1 of th 00 l e one
s n pit on, or no n C 0 h 0
0 t ar on 1. 0 h 1 ttl con st-
nc nth pon
•
For
p
2
a n s n p
appe red o b the most r r nt t pon s. 0 som
rea on an peopl h d diffic lt int rpret1n nth g
84
TABLE V
PLAY ACCO I G OT UMBE S
0 T R RED PIC U
p
tu u b gh Pl u b r
3
3P
2 2 2
3 3
2
5
6
3
2
2
9
JUD
Pie ur
2
3
5
6
7
9
1
0
5
5
1
9
2
22
2
2
2
8
3
8
6
0
12
2
2
85
S 0 . C
5
0
2
86
T LE XVII
TS OF OOD BY JUDGES O PICTURES
Ply 1 Play 2 Play 3
Pi
•
5 9 7
2 6
3
8 l
12
13
14 Al2 Al3 12
3
4
OOD
0
3 3
0 0 0 0
8 6 6
5
0 0 0
9
2 0 0 0
0 0
30
0
29
p
7
2
5
0
3 5
0 0
6
5
2
0
5 5 5
0 8
2
5 33
2 · 3
9 35 2 3
87
from the cond picture on Play 2.
Play 3 cs off rd much mo con 1st nt judgment
th n 1 D nd SL. Thi as du larg ly to th high
nu b 0 r pon plac in th rri nt category. It
rel ti y y to d t in h n h u ienc a
m ng or 1 ghing· h C , th b tt r agre ment on th
0
•
I C cl t chn q of u ging a
nc
'
00 0 ot 0
I
0 1ct could ot b
co 0 n
•
•
to con 1 ion
O _
0 , h t g 0
0 t h e 0
-
C q
- - . C z
o ·
a 0 1 0
0 nc on 0
p rh p th
-
0
00 0 0 C
0
n ace n
ho 0 g - n -abo
, or 2 0
h C
,
0
-
to 5
r taken ro h
0 n t o ob pl bo e or belo
LE XVIII
JUD SO UD I ST RO I R - RED
PHO O S P Y LC
IO
Rt ng Al2 1 Al C 1- u
rob b11
Valu
1
2
3
-5
ot
5
18
3
2.2
9
2
2
9
12 8
3
6
6 2
33 35
.73 2 . 03
12. 6 .o
88
Rat1
1
2
3
-5
TABLE IX
JUD SO UDIE CE I EREST RO
I RA-RED PHOTO RAPHS OR PLAY SL
IGHT
Proba lity
Al2 13
1
1
1
33
0
2
16
16
3
l
5
12
l
3
3
Ch -Sq e Valu
25.011 01-
3.27 3 53 2. 3.0
89
R ing
2
3
4-5
o al
A12
20
9
1
34
TABLE XX
SO AUDIE CE I EREST 0
-RED PHOTOGRAPHS OR PLY CS
IGHT
13 Al4 Ch -Squ
17
15
1
0
33
22
8
0
34 23.29
Proba 1 t
Valu
.o -
2 21 l 52 2.12 .95
90
91
v rage indication of nter t from h pictur
•
Howev r,
this r fin nt id not alt r the r ults yi lded rom the
fiv -point c 1. Th thr probab 11ty v lues obtain d
by thi chi squar n ly 1 r u t dint o value 1
than on ad th oth r t about 1.5.
ere till too larg to b con i .
Th e iffer nces
h n th r 1 of
nor al luc ua o
•
In p ctio of the d t in bl XVIII, IX, nd
0 ed, ho V r, h
in C 0
nt, C
R lt a
o nd
h
g e
u r
0
to b
•
h
lmo
To
e e y c to of h n ght
bli h he X n 0 thi
p i 11 d o of th
•
I n
•
It
r 0
n to h nc •
r
re -
h h 1 t 0 n C C
to.
C 0
h
d o
on C
ro t 0
t 0 e 0
C O r 1 1 i yin h C n 0 1ng, or a
dicativ of a
.
the n
con t nc o
o point n h
ect
h ju
y
1 c ion of
n
A f the t t of the
( lre d e pl in ) gain
in h
ng
C
bo
II
e 1 iff
e a
hotogra
h ?
-
nt o d
nc
•
et on, th h oth 1
V C th t prob" 1 it
r
t
of
h
Ra
0
2
3
-5
3
5
8
2
T LE XXI
3
6
2
RS 0
AUDIE C
C · -Sq
92
-
p 0
. 5
2
T J I
0 A I PAIRS OF SL I FRA-RED RA
2
1
PHS OR UDIE CE I E ST
13
0
2
16
l
Pro it
C 1-Square V lu
.18 .98
93
0
2
3
-5
TAB XX I
-A-~~-T O G ~ I G
P OTOGRAPH 0
12 14
20 22
0
3 3
-Square
.02
ob
ale
r 9
9
95
hould favo finding gre tr fluctuation among plays than
among succ s iv p rro anc of the sam play. Thu, the
data for th rat ngs of the pictures r combined to
p rmit comp ri on ong th picture fore ch play 1th
each or th oh pays. R u t p ant di Tabl
IV. h chi qu r v lu as r ely 1 r , o that
th ypoth pp re ob tan d.
a concl d tat th u o J e • ing of
nfr -re
n r t
t on o
t
C 0
0
th 0
n
fee ve
r y ctur to t bl h ppro 1 t gr
n h c n o p rv ng of
• pt O l 1 , 0
t C n 1
o o -
0 0 - _ o-
0
0 0
0 p C
•
0 r
0 C 0
cl o he C n
(
) 0 l t p b b com 0
n C b
C •
e
ach pl
nt th ct
n C
er t kn
coul
V n
onl
o n
, n of or pect 0
0
C
ht
0
in
rror
2 8
3
2 0
25
57
o. -76
.0 -
96
t
the audience' r pons at that particular "mo ent."
H nee, it conclud d that thes Judgmen of
udi nc intere t ba ed on th 1nfr -rd ray pictur a
arranted furth
po bl th t o
peri ntal u e. It might h v b n
tra ning in th Judging ould hav
r ulted in till gre t con 1 ncy.
VI. T P R_COR I G 0 UD C SPO S
97
h inal ro c to ob 1 C r po
z a co 1ng u p nt. 1 n in h
0 t r, r C 0 1 r
ob b ho
•
h 1c 0
0 0 0
•
fo h V r
0 0
n I t 0 0
C 0 0 1
•
•
0 . 0 0
t 0 p
•
0 r n a b
0 0 h 1
. h n
h 0 n
p ct ncy. lo prob b 1 lue, for LC
sch th n C lon o l pl 1 h
C
C
0
12
3
6
0 UD
6
55
13
7
2
TAB V
E
36
73
5
OR
61
Pro
2
•
5
99
differenc s about on tim in four.
On inter ting f ct ho•n in thi t ble con-
slst nt trend or th number of laughs to b some hat
lo r on the last night of the perfo anc • Thi y b
plaine by t act th t th lat night o p rform nc
had n dien hat pr om n ntly o en, ile th
rst to n1 ht s pr domin tly n. he uh r o
th m n 1 k ly to b mor r co an unr tr in ,
o n' o e polit . Th refor, it ay be th t the
d -
enc on the third n g r t ain their .
Th
ho ver
o ly b
in so fr s this exp ri
onj ct •
nt 1 concern d, c n
r h n r o
0
t 0
con
lay
ch
S 0 bly 1
i C
th
1
for e ot
o b C r o
o th hr e pl
•
p
0
p
ch
•
or
t
1
0
Th
1 h fo
The ul
v 1 e a
hypo h
•
r ion r, heh o e
h
1
1 c
h n
d t
o b lit
at o t
ong cc
or h n b
o 1 or
h n mb r o 1
0
0
ach p y r com n d o t co
re pr ent d ~n Tb I. h c
t m ly 1 rg, h pp ntly t
t
0
h 0
t
h
on.
r
n n h
ot
L
3
COP ISO
LCD
o.
36
TABLE XXVI
RO L UGHS OR L D, SL,
RO T PE RECORD! S
100
Probab111 y
C Ch Squ re a ue
73 158 367 93.0 .01-
101
Th r or it C n b st t d th t th thod of tape
r cording on h numb r of laughs y 1 ed con 1 tent
r ults in th
r al o ch nc
th on V
1 t n t
p y LC co 1
ncy. T
gr 0 t
if r nc
co d ch
0 0
0
0
I
n 1 0 n
0 0
C 0
h 0 h
nc po
for th xp
•
0
nse that the diff r nc
luc u ion.
T bl
nt n ity 0 lau ht
Th 0 0
II
11 be co d 1thi
of 1 n
0
•
8
C
0
0 0
0
•
o a
C C
0 I
0
C b lo 0
n q r
•
o 1 . h 0
nt 1 dy
r 1th1n th
n cat d th
yiel con-
0 . 20, 0
ch p C -
C e al r
0 V h
1
r
0
0
C e
0
5
1 00.
1 g
ool
102
LE XXVII
APE RECORD! GO CE SOS 0
AVE G I E SITY O LUG ER
p 0
Pay Al2 13
1 Ch -Squ
CD 9.5
20. 1 0 9.8 3.2 .2
SL 2 .3 30.3 2 .9 80.5 o.
5 •
cs
3 .9 3 . 3
26.
89.9
0
85
1 Al2
3
2.0 .8
•
2
2 3
•
5.5
1.9 6
1.9 7
-s
.2
•
.26
103
p 0
• 6
104
___ r_ of audi coughs. A count as made of t he
numb r or cough manat ng from the audi nee during ach
of th ply on th th night of performanc • T bl
XXIX r nt h ult • c rtain con 1stency in th
n b r of cough r th hr n ght pp rd to be
nt o h 1 LCD n SL, both of hich obtained
1 t ve y h ob b111 v 1 • Th pl CS, ho ,
h V h O o g o th fir t n gh (th 1gh
h gh b h d c ), d opp to 22 nd 20 on
co hid n h
•
h 0 0 cou h h b con
0 C 0 y g o nc •
0
0
0 co 0
0 n
0 C ni
I.
On 1 1
0 fl C on
p
0
V
o o ·
lo, t 1
0 1 t
0
0 0
nco po t in hi
ISO C CE SIC 0
p
n t
de o
pla
•
t
Thi
1 n
b ng h n gh
s lt n the
0
do b
h
S C t
p ri n.
HE p
in th mount
techn qu 1 o
Ply
SL
C
12
5
0
0
ABLE IX
YSIS O C CTERI ICS O PLYS
BY RO AUDI C COUGH
72
5
22
Al
70 192
20 2
Ch -S ar
. 25
.628
8. 9
• 0
.73
105
utilized th s me tape hich as mploy di th n ly 1
of audienc laught r. Ho ev , th d t r x mind
from the charact r1 tic of h play it lf r th r than
audienc reaction. It th n po tul ht if t r
on 1 th ply er no large nd non-ch c C U
th lv in perfo
'J chn qu
th ng nco r by
ro 6 ( ond n h
ch p
0 n 0
d h pl
h r
h on gh
0 h r l n
n on 0
par
•
0
p
' i
th pl
t
h
11 0 tt for
h d high oba
•
0
t
n , h
o d
erhap
b
C ) to
h
0 C
•
0
lo
1
or
on 0
h co
(
h
0
- C
o a
0 0
con
p
0 n
, th r a ab
o the aud C
•
e 0 r r1
) 1
•
0
b
•
b 0
0 ht
clo
106
g
0
in
107
ABLE XXX
7..SIS O C CE IS · CS O THE PLAYS B LI SO I ED
HT
Probability
1 2
13
Chi-Sq ar V
0
7
6
2.919 .2
2
,27
•
0
•
_ 6
31 5.113
.08
108
42, 41, nd 4. CS, on the othe hand, v cillated by
1 aping f om 6 11n s omitt don the econd night to 16 on
th third. All variation m d to b in th realm of
chanc xp t ncy ho ev r.
I houl b pt in min
th s 1 y ro gh to 1g
0
on 1 pp d
1 co
or or
no h
h
0
0
•
con
h
0
0
0
0
t 0
0
0
22
0
pp
on
0
0 0
,
0
1
th t the in
r ot n c
om tt din
r y th
•
0
0
0
1
r o
0
0
oh for o
p
old h
n b r o
0
0
0
n 0
n
•
0
1 y
e
ch
h
h
0
p
s
s
109
ABLE XXX
ALYSIS O CHARACT RIS ICS O THE PAYS BY LINES ADDED
2
0
2
HT
_ 13
5
21
3
1
10 5
22 61
6
C -Sq
1. 2
• 09
1.00
Probab 11ty
lu
8
.83
.60
1 0
play, SL, as an examination of Table XXI 111 r v 1. It
appe rd that uch n xam1n tion of everal p rform n
of th s m ply by u of a taper cording playback ould
b a very u eful en or tudying such p rh p un u -
p cted con 1 tent v ri tion fro n c ing cript. Alo,
Tabl XXI in 1c ted that th fluctu tions r con 1 tent.
Tabl II r l h o
theatr peop 111 co ider a t gg 1ng f ct. Th r
r nge of or o itt
som ho di tort d from
high of 296 (thir night
, de ub ituted, garbl , or
lo of 32 (fir t n gh, CS) to the
SL). T tabl 1 ic d ha
in lea t thes thre pl pro on, th pl er n
p rfo nc took r
pparently ithout
appe r th t h
coord nator, an th
ar ble
eal z1
ir cto
t ch
bert
h y
ag
of h
r
1
iscrepanc. Th ro pt r m d no co
1nd1c ted ht th e viat o fro
con t nt, n th v r1 o s
chanc e p y. Th high nu r of
th pod ction gg t th pr p
m n, if no 1, th trical production
studie cold b pe form d to a c tin
C 1
oin o.
,
0
t.
ght to n
h th
0
0
t
ct on
ch
b XX
h r
1
I
odd ia ion n
th m 1 tru o
P rh p f rth r
hi fact.
Pl
C
2
8
9
32
111
TABLE XXXI
C RIS ICS OF THE PLAYS BY ORD DEVI TIO S
I
Al3
2
5
3 28
0 296
35 1
C -Sq
.895
.16
2. 8
Prob b111t
Val
. 09
56
.28
112
The r sults in th ord deviation count and t tis-
tical t eatm nt hoed th t thi t chniqu s reliable in
s curing m ur ment of fluctuation and hat it hould b
ful in fu th re perimentation.
It ap
no b
0
0
Running t e. Tabl
gh con tency n h
h 0 1'
a gr t cone rn in
t on nc
XXXIII indic ed that th r
nn ng of th the pay
1 ctu tion of runnin t n
ut r e prim ntation.
•
T bl XXXI indica that
hon n C t
chi uto on d 1 pl n oth
ation o h 0 c n h ol
1 h f n 1 c r 1 o
C •
CD
L
s
2
.9 38
5 5
25.7 25
.5
2 5
0 9
72 . 5
. 2 6
. 26
• 02 8
113
. 9
•
. 9
0
C
0
0
ABLE XXXIV
ALYSIS O CHARACTERISTICS O THE PLA S
BY ISC LL OUS RECORDS
LCD SL
114
12
12 A 3 1 12 Al3 Al
6
0
2
0
0
0
2
7
9
2
38
0
0
2
0
8 3
1
0
2
8 7
0
38 3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
8
CHAPTER IV
h p obl un rt kn in thi t dy
Ho uh luct tion hou no lly b p cted
b for
follo
0 g
cce iv p fo nee o th pl
au nc n n ort to a .ertai ho
hould o 1 b xp t 0 th pl
p
er om night to ni ht, th ol o ng
-
: ( 1) 0
, (3) 0
in 1 0 0
UC
p
0
1 1 r
1 cu tion
nc
n
0 1
r
of n-
· d (6)
•
•
C
•
, (5) u b r o
t n o th ov r-
0 0 C ho
f C n
C C
0
t 0
11
ch pro -
0 1
no
0
n
1
C
0
j (3)
p ctu
0
,
n r
p
of
n
C 1
ro
t
nc
h on 0
nc of h
. (1)
eco 0 1 ibl
I r 1
nc
J
h 0 0
tin of in r
din
nc
on v -
pon
o infr -r
tch n each pl ; (5) n b r
g
ton of 1 ugh· (6) volum nd ur ton of
116
pplau ; an (7) numb r of cough. The r 11 bility,
v 11d1 y, and
1b1 ity of th
v r 1 ea urem nt t ch-
niqu 11 t d abov r c rtained.
It
flt ~ht in o
r th t th tr prim nt -
tion h ch ould ncorpor t mor th non p fo anc of
the a
play coul b r 11 bly cond cte --for
pl, h
in o ct on o v 1 bl
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th
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117
(1) balloting of the au 1 nc to asc rt in g o int r-
st, (2) b lloting or th ply c st for th 1r ju n of
th deg of pon 1 n of h au 1 nc s, (3) direct
observ tion of eac ud n r ng p rfo nc by 1-
m nt 1 1 t nt o boo , ( ) in
ray photo raph t
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18
Long Chr1 tmas Dinner, by Thornton Wilder, a serious,
philosophic 1 tudy; (2) Still Life, a com dy-drama by oel
Coard; and (3) The Cave or Salamanca, a a c by Cerv ntes.
-
Th au 1 nee incor or 1 th eri nt
not '
ch d' or ore to t n. Th cu omary cl nt 1
of the Exp ri ntal eat ccor ing o e tabli h
pr cti r u
lm o
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119
hile not being obse1ved and record
hip r, y ay fro stage, and
n n r -rd r y photographer set
controll from a at in th ud1enc
ch night n ictur of ach ply
r cor roper tor cord d r om b ck-
n nee re pon thereto for
y ic ur ubm1tt to 0 p
0 1 nt on 1 nee ood nd
0 ch r ch i C
•
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p
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-
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h b 0 n O 1
V a ound
t 0 n n b r o 1 n d n
cce 1 p ro nc 1 o not
120
Th fluctuation in the ord devi tions in ach
ply mong thr
cantly d ff rent.
ucc 1ve performanc er not signifi-
• Th fluctu tion in th c t 'evaluations or
th ov r- 11 tiv n o th p rform nc s r 1gn1f
o all thr ply. icantly diff r nt n g r
ch n
1
e o
C
d r t o
p 0
ppla
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co gh
5. h 1 ct ton n h
'
v lu tin
0 t O 0 th 1 y
thin
not
real
of
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of
p
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1.
0
8.
0
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or I
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on
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t V l
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t
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pe ro
oth rt o.
n
cc iv
r ion of
cc v pr or -
O he fl ct tion in th n ber of au
iv nigh
nee
r 1 ch p o g th e cc
121
significantly different for only one or the plays.
11 The fluctuations in the runn ng times for the
three plays on all night were not 1gn1f1cant.
12. The t chnique of th re ording and counting
of mi cell n ou sounds did not provide ufflci nt dat for
stat1 t c 1 an ly is.
m
e
13. The t chn qu o o e v r flue a d o
1
ngl
bl
1 .
•
n lmo
h chniq
y h moo or
r pect s tor nder th
0 v ng ju p
0
ot on of 1nfr - y hotogr p
a
of th au nc 1 1 con
ca ion o
n co tr ictor
pt or e e t r1
•
II. PLI IO
b 0 e 0 or 0 C on
h h g 0 t of n ch cor-
po e h o n t on a o g
cc pl p
0 anc to b 1 h h of
C nc ct C , n h 1 y ro nc 0
u on UC h b exp c
0 C t clo 1
P n
•
0 chn
q h h 1 d to u 1 nc
122
response adequ tely, th two most out tanding ere: (1)
observation, and (2) the Jud nt of infra-red ray photo-
graphs for the d ter !nation of audience "mood." Each of
•
thee t chniques 1 a yst matization of what ha be n in
the pat th play air ctor's ba 1 for tudy of audience
r ction. What play director have b n abl to obs re o
u 1 nc
1
pon v o · un pon iv ctivit fro
"pe ·phol 'or hat they ay h v ov rheard hie tan ng
t
h
u
or
th 0 b t
to u
that sin
n act or
nc r pon
tr h ply ha been th r
•
It old app ar, th
ev n a c r ful y t mat "a on o ch n
ppro ch 1 nco 1 t 1 ul , p
r
h
o 1
0
nr
or
bove-d c
h
r or no
n C
flu io
UC
bl
1 r lt
hold not 1 c too uh o fi
e pr ct c
•
0
p
to
pe n al ark n th ·a r oul
0 han on p rfor n of th
0
t
pl
b lit
in
p t of
pl
h
xp 1 n
oc
rfo
r
nc
oul be o gr
h
nd
a
di nee r po
o m e
n h r
pt ng to in rod c
r hon th probl und r-
n xpe nt lly in thi dy. In essenc thi tu
monstr t d that
prime tal ork may d finit 1 be
123
onduct in th theatr with reasonable confid nc that a
performanc oft e am ply nd r unchang d circums ance
n before imila udiences among succe iv night will
not fluctu t ou id or ch c • Th p rfo anc ,
fro no r- 11 vi point, b con idere th "a e."
0
C vant ,
Clark,
Co. 1
BIBLIOGRAPHY
•
BOOKS
of Salamanca. Vol. II, 685 pp. B. H.
---orld Drama· York: D. ppl ton and
Co rd o 1, Sti 1 L fe.
8 p.
Yo k: S uel French, 1938.
,
y
D
O'
1
Ton
ho
1
t
•
8:30. G rd n Cit,
o.
1936 . 283 pp.
of
. -;-1
•
•
0
0
York· G r
•
0 -
n
Yo k·
a d
c •
•
•
9.
F. S. Cro
Yor
1 r
Th
pp.
eav r,
h
July
B. PERIODIC L ARTICL
C., "Th ei r A11 1 nc -R pon R cor
_______ n_ Journ 1 of P ycholo y, Vol. 63, o.
126
r'"
1,
. ., "Stu ios Us
Ple es Custo r '
0, 9 6.
ud R a ch to Le rn
otion P Herald,
c. P B I I L
0
I
0
128
ABOUT THE PLAYS
Thi ev ning YOU 111 b hown thee one-act play,
each on complet in it 1, ch ri t n by prof sion 1
pla right of r co niz d th trical an lit rary ability.
A program for ach ply pp r upon the follo ing pg •
Each progr m includ s th name of the play, th author,
th dir ctor, he cat of char ctr, h ag nag r,
th c , and th tie. Th clo ing o th curta n
nd t th nd of play th di mi g don and brining
p of ight i in n to n t ti ag 1th n
a ply.
h thre play hi h y 111 not ilia
1 t 0 hool 11ttl h h
th county. r,
n 0 ram, r o th z
n ond on is
on
-
Co
e
n
h
p
0 •
129
I STRUCTIONS
1. BE SURE to give your name and sex herev r requested, o
that an accurate r cord may be maintain d.
2. B for
ppe
3.
4.
-
each play, read the balloting int ucc ons hich
d rectly belo the play p ogram.
a oon a th t 1· clo es u on ach perfor ance,
YOUR B LOTS Ir ....... - ........ ,£.#IAT LY and turn the p e to the
og am.
2
---
th
0
RES
0 h V
pl o
a to ho
to ou.
play c.
e
V e •
ERESTI the
0
)
0 C
- - - - - - - - - - ------------
C SC~~
----------------
S X ( ·rcle)
130
STUDENT (Circle) Y s
o IF SO, YEAR(C rel) FR SOPH JNR
SR GRAD
in the pat ev year I ould e 1 t tha I
V attended tage play ( s di t nguish d from ovie
th ppro 1 at ly the .follo 1 frequen y.
2 4
5
0 th n Ab ut once T .our bout on e s t n
one onth onth t y a e r one a
)
131
Play Number One
THE LOG CHRIST AS DI R
by Th nto lder
Dr cted by John larimo
Lucia •••••...•••••••••.•••••...••••••••.• Flo alin
oth r Bayard. • • • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••••••• B b a Jo eph
Rod rick. • • • • . . . • • . • . • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • . Stanl y Johnson
Cousin Brandon ••.•••.•••••••••.•••••••.••• Paul Dugann
Charle (son o Roder ck d Luci) ..•.... Ed Eal
G n vi v {daught of Rode ick d Lucia).Jan Sun
The ur e. • • . • • . • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • • ••. Pa 1c ol
Lenore ( ife o Ch 1 a) ••.••.•••••••••••• B b
Er ngaz,d • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • yne
Sa ( on of Charl and L onora) .•..•••••. She
Lucia II (dau hter of Charle and L ono ). ri
Rod ick II ( on of C _ls nd L ono ) •.• G n
S a e r . . . . • • . . . . • . . • . • • . • . . • . . . • • • . . P
SCE
•
T 0
•
TI in t s pa
0 0
k
t ,
bal ot b lo
E -
E. or p
l
0 C I
0 cle
n mbe
- - -
- - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
SEX ( 1 cle)
In y 0 non t s
THE LO CHRIS R
(D C C
p
4
a er ag
1c ol
e
- - -
C
1 y.
ST
- - -
0
Play umber To
STILL LIFE
by o l Co d
Directed by Micha 1 Gallo ay
Laur J e son. • • • • • • . . • • • • ••••••••••••• Lor1-:-ain ca ter
yrtle Bagot •••......••.•.•••.•.•.•••.• .,Jancv Brannon
B yl ater •••••••.•••••••••••••••••.• Elai .. a e
Stanley •.••.•••••••••.••••.••••••••••• Le Jone
Albe t Godby .•••.••••••.••••.•••••••••. Bill eans
Al c Harvey .•••••••.••••••••.••••••••• Bill Hin
Bill •••••••••••••••••.••••••••.••.•••. • .Al't is t e
Johnni •••••.••.•••••••••••••••.•••••.. B 11 hi te
11 ed •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Dei e Brough to
132
ol y e it ••••••••••••••••••••••••• lo nc Steve on
Stage anager ••••••••••••••••.•••••••. Art Fi tt
SC
OU
·Thea ton of the ply tak pl ce in
et of the 11 ord Junction R 11 y
Lon o ngland.
n
s
Seen
Sc
n t
••••••• An r
•••••• An
I ....... Lat
V........ at
o i 1 b
the b llo b lo ~ .. ~-. ~DI
. For a .1 if you 1 t
o ce o I E
circle a ound t n e
00
1
0
- --- ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
B LOT
SE (C )
In
op n on he I UE of th pe for
LIE
hich I ha
•
(D IRCL.L.
•
PROPRIATE E
. )
1 2
3
4
Exe ption bov Av elo
h
average verag
0
- - - - -
t non
Play Nuber Three
THE CAVE OF SALAMANCA
by C vant s
Dire t by Je ry Wulk
133
Panv acio ••••••••••••••••••••.••••••• John Blai d 11
da. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . y a.I' tha Bar kl y
1 t n . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . • . • • . • Corinne Che nin
tudent ••••••••••••••••••.•.••....• Don F
s
B
Le
Pl
0
E o
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
0 . • • • - . • . • . . . • . . . • • . . . . . . • . . . J
a
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
•••• Je t itte
Co do P c c 0
1
hou e
C
•
•
00 n
I TEL
- - - - - -- -- - -- ... -- - - - - -- ... - - - - - - - - - - -
B
2
SE (C c _ )
oft
st
4
---
Belo
a
0
(
ce of: T
A CIRCL

YOU are ask d to coop
ure th.e comparati v eff ct1 ven
yo ~ , y during the last thr e
OPI 1~· as to h.th r o ot th
three p rfo anc and th hre
135
te nan EXPERIMENT to eas
of th perfor ance or
ni ts. e would like YOUR
e a vari tion among th,
udience.
AME PLAY
------------- ------------
ROLE E ACTED
---------
LE SE ark belo
TI SS o th c t (D
r.)
2
2
2
2
THIRD
m of OVER.AL E EC
ound he app opr ate
elo avera
y
lo
lo
5~
Ver
lo
D I
0
0 0
C
0
137
INSTRUCTIONS: PICTURE AN LYSIS
YOU ar k d to xperim nt to
d termin th ~unt of
p rticipat in n
I RES hown by 1 nc atch-
ing play production an , in a dition, judg
of th aud nces.
h t YU THT.K
th dom1 nt OOD
You 111 b ho I 1ctur , nub r
thro gh nin. On hallo you 111 find corr
nub r from on hrough nin.
On h ballot yo 11 ind C 1 f f
from on
ponding
d r
of I E ollo 1 XC pt on lly high; 2-Abov
lo
· 5 1 o non. YOU
g
g .
V r g
E I nu r t you hi b t p th
t s 0 C :
•
•
LLO PC URE
o 1 0 th s 0 b h u in
Pi r r O b )
e
0
•
•
n h h 0 n h
C n 0 th ollo
Pi
p
0
0
a
Yo re
hon in
BE sui.
h th
ton.
0
•
1
PICTURE LYSIS BALLOTS
S X
Pictur -Analy s BALLOTS
d to giv yo r inc
h of th n n pc r
e
1
C
h n mb r on th Pct e
nu ber on - he B LLO . Thank yo
· o
a or
r 1 conta n
of h di
11 be giv n
ti at d corr
00
138
•
nc
yo.
pond
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C
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of h r l 0
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PI UR SI
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PIC URE
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Asset Metadata

Creator Robson, John L. (author)

Core Title An experimental study in fluctuations among successive play performances

School School of Theater

Degree Doctor of Philosophy

Degree Program Drama

Degree Conferral Date 1951-08

Publication Date 08/01/1951

Defense Date 08/01/1951

Publisher University of Southern California (original), University of Southern California. Libraries (digital)

Tag OAI-PMH Harvest

Format theses (aat)

Language English

Contributor Electronically uploaded by the author (provenance)

Advisor Dickens, Milton C. (committee chair), Butler, James H. (committee member), de Mille, William C. (committee member), Stahl, Herbert (committee member)

Permanent Link (DOI) https://doi.org/10.25549/usctheses-oUC112724858

Unique identifier UC112724858

Identifier Ph.D. D '52 (call number),etd-RobsonJohn-1951.pdf (filename)

Legacy Identifier etd-RobsonJohn-1951

Document Type Dissertation

Format theses (aat)

Rights Robson, John L.

Internet Media Type application/pdf

Type texts

Source 20230207-usctheses-microfilm-box7 (batch), University of Southern California (contributing entity), University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses (collection)

Access Conditions The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the author, as the original true and official version of the work, but does not grant the reader permission to use the work if the desired use is covered by copyright. It is the author, as rights holder, who must provide use permission if such use is covered by copyright. The original signature page accompanying the original submission of the work to the USC Libraries is retained by the USC Libraries and a copy of it may be obtained by authorized requesters contacting the repository e-mail address given.

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