University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses

The pulpit and platform career and the rhetorical theory of Bishop Matthew Simpson

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The pulpit and platform career and the rhetorical theory of Bishop Matthew Simpson

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Content THE PULPIT AND PLATFO CA
AND THE RHEI'ORICAL THEORY
OF BISHOP TTHEW SIMPSON
D ssertation
res nted to
R
the aculty of the ra u te School
Th Univ st of So th rn lifo ia
of t
In 1
qu r
Doctor of
n
by
1 11 en
o h D g
lo oph
Rober D. Clark
arch 1946
This dissertation, w1·itten by
............... Robert .. J.Jonald __ Clar ....................... .
under the guidance of h .. isFaculty Committee
on Studie: , and approved by all its membet· , has
been pres nted to n11d nr. pt d by th Council
on Gradtt.nt tudy and Re ar Ii in partial f 1,/-
fill111e11t of ,. quirem nts for the d gr of
DOCTOR OF PHILO OPHY
Dan
··· ········ . (k.i!t:::~ ................. .
., mmitt on tudi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Expressions of appreciation are due to Dr. illiam
B. Hesseltine of the University of \ isconsin, who, as
Visiting rofessor of History at the University of Southern
California in 1941 su gested the dissertation topic. Dr .
Hess ltine has since made he pful reco endations and
er ticisms re ardin the approach and interpretat on. The
rit r is also indebted, not onl y to members of his com-
ttee on studies, but to Dr. fton P. Tanquary ho
superv sed the beg nning of the study, D . ran Garver
ho introduced hi to the t chniqu of histor cal r search,
and tote late Dr.Ry K. Immel ho, more than an other,
has contr buted to he iter's basic point of vie •
lar n ber of 1 bare ha e ad t 1r re ourc
vailable but sev r 1 d s rv sp cial fort eir
elp ness, na ely: the an sc ipts D v sion of h Lb y
o Con res, the Cal ornia t te ibr , nd lib e
t th G tt Bi lical Inst tu e, the Coll e o t
P cif c, n the nivers ty of Oregon .
. D. C.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
Io
INTRO UCTION
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
•
0
The Problem
•
• • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • •
thod or Pre ntation
• •
•
•
• • • • •
•
•
wourc of Dat
• • • • •
• • • • • • • •
• •
II. EARLY INFLUE C
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Childhood and Youth.
• • • • • • • • • • •
in d cation
• • • • • • • •
• 0 •
Beg1nn1
Coll g
tudy of
• • • 0
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
dicine.
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
A n in r1t1ng. • ••••••••• •
R 11gious L
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Intro ct .on nd Pro d c
• • • • • • • •
I Io ITI C
thodi
Beg1nn1
p t
Re
ag
In OS
0
h t
r p
to
p
•
r
tt
•
C ion
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
1 r ••••
• • • •
p on' n 0 • • • • • •
on ••• • •• • ••••• •
t on
• • • • • • • • • •
•
burgh
• • • • • • • •
• •
• • • • • • • • • • • •
•
•
• • • • • • • • • • •
• • • •
Act1 vi t1 nd t di
• • • • • • • • • •
College D gr
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Coll ge
ch r •
• • • • • • • • • •
• • • •
PAGE
1
1
3
6
10
12
15
18
22
2
32
3
7
7
5
65
6
72
7
7
80
82
87
IV. COLL GE TEACHER •••
Allegheny College
• •
• 0
• • • • • • • • • •
iv
PAGE
90
91
Teacher and Student • •••••••• • 93
Religious Activities • • • ••• • •• • 100
The Methodi t Church and Slavery. • • • 103
Beginning of Slavery Agitation •••• • 107
Simpson and Sla ery • ••• •.. • • • 113
Election to College Pres1d ncy. • • • • • 120
V. APOSTL OF L ARNING • • • •. • •••••• • 123
G 1n1ng Favor 1th the Peopl
• • • • • •
C ntennial Sermon • ••••••••• • 127
In ugural Addre • • •••••••• • 135
College Cours of Study •• •.. • • • • 148
r ning in Spe ch• • ••••••• •.. 151
R ligiou Sor ice • • • • • • • • • • • • 153
L otur
R l tlon to Stud nt
e • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • 0
155
160
Intro p ction ••• o • • • • • • • • • • 162
Probl of in c1ng th Uni r ity. • • 16
Pr ching ucc • • • • • • • • • • • 171
Pol tic l Activit1e • ••••••••• • 179
Influ nt11 Fri nd hip • •. • • • • • • 187
Jam H rl
Joseph A.
John Evans
• • • •
right • •
• • • • •
• • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • 0
• • • • • • • • •
187
188
189
V
PAGE
Ed ard R. Ames
•
• • • • • • • • • •
•
190
Decision to Lave Indiana A bury
• • • •
195
VI . GROWING OPPOSITION TO SLAVERY
• •
0
• •
•
201
Del gat to G neral Conference, 1844
• •
207
Louj. v111 Conv ntion
• • •
0
• • • •
0
220
arfar on the Border .
•
•
• • • • • •
•
223
Gen 1 Confer enc
, 948
•
• • • • •
• •
227
VI. EDITOR
• •
•
•
• • • •
• • • •
0
235
ol C of o Contro r 0
• • • • • •
•
235
tt ck on the Compromi of 1850
• • •
•
241
Ot Acti ti
•
0
• • • •
• • •
0
• •
253
VI
•
R I T ~ ~ I
.o
CY
• • • • • •
255
op Dut1
• • • • • • • •
0
•
•
258
0
p
1
• •
•
•
• • •
•
2 3
In C 1o
•
• • •
• • • •
• • •
0
269
C 1 0 Or on
• • • • • • • •
0
272
Ob on C
• •
0
273
Or C
• • • • •
•
•
27°
G 0 1 u on p Or tor
•
284
nd
• • • • •
•
•
•
292
n 0 nc
• • • •
•
• • •
293
0 1 C 1 111 C
• • •
301
r on t rn on Kirch
• •
0
• •
0
305
•
POLI CL LAD
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
9
vi
PAGE
Attitud toward Slavery, 1852-61 o o • o • 320
Attitude toward the Civil ar
• • • • • •
326
The Emancipation Proclametion o • o • • o 329
Lincoln's Early Admini tr tion • • •• • o 336
X. EVANGELI T O PATRIOTIS 1
• • • •
• • • • • 0 3 1
342
352
354
366
XI.
XII.
XI I.
XIV.
Anniversary of Chr stian Comm!
Rel'lOV 1 to Philadelphi
Address at Sanita y Fair
• • •
• •
Our National Conflict
•
• •
Addr at Lincoln's r V
•
ECTA IA POLIT CIA
• •
uarr 1 1th ontgo y Bl ir
B 1 n'
po nt nt to th C
tho 1 ts con t uction
tho 1 t n ndr John on
•
•
ion
• 0 •
• • • • •
• • • • • •
• • • • •
•
• •
• • •
0
• • • • •
•
• • •
•
•
bin t
• •
•
0 0 0 0
• • •
• •
rreo c f Politi a C 1 i., on r to
• •
CHUC OR
• • • • • • • • • •
•
C YO TO OF ~ IC
•
• •
0
• • •
D die ion o opo n Ch ch
•
•
he C l Pro
d n ·
of 0
• • • •
Th Po r o the ible
• •
•
•
0
The Victo 0 h
• • • • • •
•
1 m
•
0
• • •
0
• • • • • • • • •
•
OURCE OF I 0 ~' ELO
•
• • • • •
Delivery
• • •
0
• • • •
•
Q
• • •
•
Th Et cal F ctor in!> liv ry
• • • •
• •
8
394
99
03
0
2
26
5
7
5
457
0
66
472
79
79
483
vii
PAGE
Analysis of Simpson' Audiences
• • • •
489
Themes and Development 1 M ter1als
•
0 501
Rhetoric 1 Device
0 0
• •
0
•
•
• • • •
505
Clarity
• •
0 0
•
•
0 0
•
0
• • •
0
507
Vividne
0
• • •
0
•
0
•
0
•
0
•
0 511
tion 1 Appeal
•
0
• •
0
• •
0
• • •
517
xv. RHETOR CAL TF' ORY.
• • •
•
0
•
0
•
0
523
Pr ach · Dec tion of Div n Truth 528
Inven on
• •
• • • • • • •
• • •
• •
0
532
t cal
p
0
• • • • • • •
•
533
p
•
• • • • • • •
•
54
l r 0
• • • •
0
• •
•
54
r n en
• • •
0
• •
• • •
•
•
•
551
t 1
• • •
• • • •
• •
• • • • • • •
5
D 1.
•
• •
• •
• • • • •
7
V
•
R 0
• •
0
• • • • • •
0
•
5
ol C 1 ro n nc n
• •
0
or
• •
0
• • •
0 0 0
r nc
• •
0
• • • • •
0
•
0
571
r.1 t
•
• • •
• •
• •
5
L
• •
.
0
• • •
• • •
0
77
1n 1 Tri
• • • •
•
0
• • • • •
c:9
ob t Ch
• • • • • •
0
585
Op r Hou ,
Fr nc1 C
0 0
• •
0
87
XVII
Other Sermons •••••• • ••
Garfield emorial Address o o.
• 0 •
0 • 0
Last Days
CONCLU ION
0 • 0 • 0 • o O • 0 0 • e • 0
o • oe • o o • • o •• • o
BIBLIOGRAPHY •• o • o • • o •
• • • • •
• 0
v!.11
PAGE
594
597
601
606
612
CHAPTER I
IlTRODUCTION
Among the out tanding figur son the American public
platform in the Civil ar and pot-Ci 11 ar p riod
i_ hop tthe Simpon of th thodi t Episcop 1 Ch rch.
lthough no g ly forgott n, v n by the hi torian, h
ucce ded non th 1 , though loqu nee, in a in
r t 1 pr ion upon hi cont por ri
•
incoln, Grant, H , and oth r public figur
1 nd o
0£ d 'Y,
be po in nt in th
n, v n
for h pl
th tud
e
t Si
th or
•
T
distinction
Th lit rar
j C
t
b t
C
thi
b11 ty
to ic,
or
I.
0 h
or o 1ca
y 1 p 1
en lit
tic,
1 0 oh church
hi
hour,
olitic l
r tor, 1 c
1 on.
P O L
d to p
C d
upon
C 1
ich ln, lo
t a
t
•
cri
b
•
cl 1
0
0
n
cal
1c ln'
1
•
c crit ri
the f ctors of "univ r l ty' and "timele sn s"• h , tend
to regard the lit r ry object a an art form and, th r fore,
in judging its merits 1 prone to divorce it both rom the
author n rom the circumstanc o it pre anta ion; h
vi
pro
rt.
the or tion or p ch
to b u
'
t n
n
1 n ti
,
or
or
s cim n or
int in 1
T rh ori 1c, on oh ,
C
ch or an or on
b
C 1
e only hrou
C. Th rh to
ci 1 o
con i r
l
t n o r hi 1, in 1
in
in
1
h p 11
n n
C
1
I
o h
or
e k r h s
C
r n
h l
•
1 to
111
C ,
•
C
, h
1
no l
,
n
'
n o C
rh to 1 1 c
C 0 h
,
o l t
0
0
n
1
h
t
0
o on nt
ich
t
1
1
r
on h l t n r,
s C on th
2
h purpo o th r sent
Y, h
0 I i ( 1) 0
r count or toric 1 c r er o Bi hop atthe S on,
(2) to trace the factor which mad this career possible,
and (3) to present Simpson's rhetorical theory. To ac
complish this purpose the study must narrat hi outstanding
speaking experiences, must supply the necessary social,
economic, political, or rel1g1ou background for an und r-
standing and evaluation o he 1 us hich he di cue d,
must gi con ide tion to the ffect of hi or tor upon
hi audi nc sand hims 1. To di oov r th f ctor hich
ad S1 pson' xc ption 1 c r r po bl, it i n c sa
o tu hi lif --hi int 11 ctu r 1 io
trainin , hi hoe nv ronm nt, nd t 1 tr eriod, hi
eri nc c tor, di tor, 11 r; 1 1 n C
-
, a o, to t hi techni ue of
d cha ct
1 , hi p rso -
11 , h1 putt o i ti 1 to
3
c r f 1 tt tio to i C , 1 11 1n 1 r l on-
0 in 0 0 o i t co 1 Ch r h.
II. ODO P T 0
S V l co lie ti f C or r to p i p
l ic 1 p tion of t bo to
C •
(1) p
t a nt of t o 1c or C 0 t p C
t dy oul i trod c :n unn C r d p tit on.
(2} Th
!'act th t Si p on 1 en ral y not 11 0
I
n
to th
tud nt of public pe ing, qu r or comp
-
hens
present ion than 1 po ible in tudy organized
imply around hi out t ding peaches. ( } The p rs 1 t nt
4
image of a Methodist pr acher of the last century as either
a semi-literate circuit rider of th Peter Cartwright vari ty,
or as a "spellbinder' evangel1st
2
of a later period, akes
it necess ry to pr ent a rather full di cus ion of Simpson'
early education and of his 1 ad r hip of th Church'
a ay from th practice of th fronti r.
ov ment
Them thod of pr s ntation cho en 1, therefore,
yntb i of th dat coll cted on th bov n
follo
opic.
loo ly S ction of th
chrono ogic
ch of th o
1.
I giv ov
tud
r,
r •
to
d,
o h topic 1 di 1 ion do inat
r. Ch pt r
II III, and
nt 1, due ion
I
nd
-
p
r1 nti 1 f ctor 1n on' rl tr ining. So 0 the
0 h p r d a C r pr nted, 1
fo t 0 b 1
I
inc
r G.th o V 1 d. Th ppro chi r do na ly
n i
•
2.
l
p
nd Le in th Churc
•
Ch t r d cri
occ pon ich t or tor' r ation 1r t
a ed a d u t 1ne 11 they k to find some ex-
pl
tion of th s cc in th p r• promin nc in
ecu
ar affair nd in hi r lationship to the progr ot
2
Some ethodist lead r, including one prof sor at
a th ological seminary, not being e peci lly acquainted 1th
Simpson's career, have xpr ad t e opinion to the rit r
that he a only an motional sp llbinder.'
of Methodism. The effect of hi oratorical ability upon hie
prestige and increasing reputation 1 also related.
3. !_ransition from Local to National Orator: Prep r
ation for a Great Career. Chapters VII and VIII recount the
activitie of the or tor in hi y ar editor of stern
Chri tian Advocat and the fir t to quadrenniums of hi
episcopac • Thes
of the man and h
r important~ r in the develop ent
idea, and th gro h of hi r put tion
s orator. i utili tion oft pi cop t
ourc tor or toric 1 t ri 1 i di c d V ral.
of hi out t din ddre e ar tr at d t 1 ngth.
• Tri of th tform. Ch pt r , I, d
pat o Id cribe th out t din
or to and h politic 1 nfluenc
cul r triumph of th
nd ctivit d ri d ro
t
•
5. Tri 0 C
-
urch. Ch pt r
I
II,
d part of I r 1 t pit ch of
s on d a di cu on o hi 1 d r 1 in c-
cl a t C
•
6. 0 t
•
Th
-
t C iqu of th r, though di cu d 0 t 1n
prec di ction oft t
Y,
in C apt r IV 1 n
or compr henaiv d thoro an ly
•
T p
r'
5
appearanc ,
anner of d 1 V ry, l ading ide , od of rr g -
ent,
1
st
1 , " hi logic 1, et 1c 1, and otion 1
PP
1 '
hi
ud ence situation ar giv n s parat and detailed tr t ent.
7. Rhetorical Theory. The rhetorical theory of the
orator, attbew Simpson, a revealed in his 1 ctures to
Yale students and to Methodist ministers, and a illustrated
by his own sermons, is presented in Chapter XV.
Although the method of presentation borro s freely
from the techniqu of the biographer and th historian, it
hould be point d out that it differs from both, nd that
the study remain cl arly in th pro ince of rhetorical
critioi m. Th fir t chapt r biographic in pp oach,
but after the delin ation of the per onal an environment 1
actors hich shaped the early oratorical career of Bi hop
S1 peon, the tudy 1 11 it d to hi public and pl tfo
otiviti d uch 1 t d t 1 1 a n ce ary 0
lu them. Lik 1 , t 1 of a 1 g b r of
s and ddr g1 1 1c i rdly
din b ogr hie 1 or 1 cooun, b t C
,
1 es ntial to co pr n toric 1 er ici
•
II • SO 0 D T
1 . cript
•
T 0 i 0 t t ourc or 1
t dy h nth on Pa , Libr ry
or Con rs
I
coll ction o t irt -four box 0 unboun
an cript
•
Eight n o th box cont in 1 t r , C fly
to S
mp on, but an occasional one ritten by hi , a
copi
a, and on lett rbook Of C bon. In the collection ar
k tch a, storie, po m, ritten by Simpon h n h a
6
youth, a large number of brief sermon outline dated from
his early years to late in his life, a very fe manuscript
lectures and sermon, diarie and journals for most of his
ministerial life but for the most part limited to entries in
January and February, occasional note on hi reading, to
scrapbook of n spaper clipping.
2. Collected volume of collect d sermon,
although r ther fre ly edited, i con nient and h lpful
3
arly all o th may be found, wit fe ourc
•
s on er
changes by th edito, in Th 1st, a kly church
pap r of Si p on' 1 ter ye r.
3 . Biogr of Si on. bio r phy o
-
by h1 mini t rial coll gu ,
1890, 1 n c ptional y V
b a ed in om point of vie
0 t ri 1 , t bio
ritt n. I cont in,
bio ph
0 rl
P r •
T 0 0 h r
Cl r nc ru 1 on
6
(
(
G org R. C oo
Yor : H rp
G org • Crook
ork: H rper Bro
r ph
o,
jou
cco
r of
Oeor • Croo
u bl ol e.
and gi en to
1 co pr n i
0 r ct fro
l 1c
t b . z. 00,
littl
•
Th
5
E •• ood, P or: Th R •
(Pitt
burgh: Pit burg r n ng Co., 100~
6
Clare ce Tru
Pro het. ( e Yor : Th
lt OU
r in
lon
5
fo
on
in
pl
of
1
o-
0
b
r d
on
7
8
a fe facts from his personal acquaintance with Simpson
hich are not contained in Crooks, but in general his writing
1s much inferior. Wilson's book is a brief account character
ized by exaggerated statement, mbellished narr tive, and
assertion ithout stated evidence.
3. Church Paper. Th New York Christian Advocate
and Journal and the tern Christian dvocat, e kly
ne spapers publi h d by th ethodist Episcop 1 Church ar
av 1lable for almo t th nt1re p riod of S1mp on• ni try.
Zion's H rald,
ethodi t and otb r paper ara availabl for ome t horter
p riod. Th
Church, it
ppr cont in valu 1 dat about th
r ctic d bel1 f, br1 f ccoun of th
ethodi t
1 aders of th d no n tion, including Simpon , d occasion-
1st ly a e on port d t nor pbic lly. Th
thod t e iodic 1
•
of
ation ine,
re 0 U
p
11 d 1 hi,
d c rt in no -
ly.
shington, or,
Boston, t ab rg , Chic o, D t oit, s
and ot e C ti ha
e on , of ic
5 . R f r nc h
field incl d n
of prom n n pu lie o
struction r , hi to 1
cco t of Sip
r t no C ort •
b n to boo n v ri ty of
hi or and biograph, bio raph
ci 1 of the Ci 11 ar and Recon-
of Ohio, Indi n, and th t,
ethod1 t doctrine and polity, r ligion in Americ, and
selected studies in psychology, ~ociology, and rhetoric. Of
especial value have been the orks of William Warren S eet, .
ethodist historian who has ritten idely on hi own denom-
ination as
7
ell as others in America.
g
7
william arren S eet, ethod1 min erican Historf
( ew York: The ethodist Book ~one rn, 1~3); The ethodi
Episcopal Church and the Civil ar (Cincinnati: The e ho t
B ook Concern, l9lm Circuit-Rider Day in !ndiana (Indian poli ~
• K. Ste ard Co., 1916). -
CHAPTER II
EARLY INFLUENCES
Matthew Simpson, young practitioner of medicine in
C diz , Ohio, closed his office and discontinued his practice
late in arch, 1834. On April 5, astride a horse, his
saddleba s behind him, he rode from the villa ea ethodist
itinerant on his y to the first of thirty-four appoint-
ments on a six- eks circuit. or seve al mon hs he had
een pr ach n, alterna e Sund ys at Cadiz and St . Clairs-
v lle, but this d y marked a si al decision . nst the
ce o m n o his riends and ne hbo s, heh no ced
s chosen ro ess on and y el d, t so e nn r satis
ctio , to a eculiar dev lop ent o circ mst nces hich
c lle ( nd ins mil c c s nee all of s 1 e as
ont to c 1) _____ nceforth, no o n ry
C
he a to ea healer of souls .
f les ro Cadiz, on h 11 id o rlook ng
errin •s mi 1 and fa ous , he pulled up h s ore d
loo e o on the s 11 son hous here h h d r n d
his ·1r ap on m nt. That ni t, aft r preach n to four
m n and eleven om n rom the ext h consol ion
of Gods all 1th hee• is t ny s cret th n it
tee?" he rote at som lent n his ournal--m king he
out e ad t ken from Cadiz to err n's, d cribing th
,
11
wooded hills and the smiling meadow , the creek and the
11
hand-
some mill ••• running three air of stones , " and noticing
the household's "spri htly young damsel
• •
• just seventeen,
neat in her person ••• and amiable in her manners," --but
l
he had no word for his thou ts of the day.
Poised there on the h lls de looking into the future,
e mi ht ha e once a ain ighed is recent decision, pin-
f lly balancin security, means, influence, hr stian c tiz n-
s p a~ainst the ho eless 1 f the it nerant m n ster,
ha d ip and d er o con in OU vel in he est,
e me ncome, d h poss b lity of f lure . .l , s
i an' a , h i h ave dreamed o success--
n 0 ord , lood o elo uence, surgi mo on l
t de engul in gr cro ds o a a-stricken peo le.
I s 1 k 1 , o e er , tha e h 0 hes t oug
rou led
•
S mple hi 8 , 1 ob d -
e e , 1 e a h p 0 ence o God pla nl
n n oldi 0 ev s , h
e 0 b too
•
0 d ea s of tn s , t 0 h e s
ha osses ed 0 h u u 1 len n o e p r cul rs,
1
G ore R. Crooks , The
e ork: er Brothers ,
pson's ournal.
p. 2
1
Ctn
mpson o ncle a
e S son,
2
12
s probable th the elt m c s hi s neighbors h o i n
later yer rs emitted that the "t ·ere astonis e b h s reat
success . I e , t oo, undoubtedly, oul d h ve een surprised
had his de ms pro ·ect ed the an he v s t o ec ome colle e
pro e or ad e den , ed · tor : bis op ; frie nd nd c o ncilor
to presidents nd st es en , 1 beral 1 ader , nu.man t ri n ·
o ula lectu er , p triotic o tor , nd he most elo uent
o ca o t.e ethod s ul
•
C
•
I bo ood n OU t
m ch to ur succ s out little t t 0 ol 8 co
or 0 C 1 tr p
•
or th 11.t 11 e of Cd z,
o, in 1811 , to p r nt s 0 d c de rl e ad ,
e
•
J .n
t e r s C u ed ro 1 er-
0
0
OU so ed
0 e n
0 1
•
1 l. 0 e 0
0 0 e
ol r s e
r d o he s he told
· t
ost,
o n
re t 1 ty
0 hero rel OU
e e
•
took p
3
•• Hunter, T
aeolo£ic 1 n
e el bo n to e
c o un e t eet
e , stl n ,
.
r C n cop -
t p d
•
00
d 0 e u e
e . 1 d 0 s
t 1 s 0 ol n reco t d
e doin 0 r , el , d
con rs on r C g
·t th sol e ere e of
e so County,
tions, 10: 95- 13 , 1898 .
-------
4
Crooks , o . cit . , p . 10., cit n pson ' s auto-
o rah cal n rr ve
family ~orship ,
b ble; o ten
e q ently re
13
n from the ~n 1 s or German
the even n she sat 1 stening to the theo-
10
0
cal arLu e ts o itinerant pre che s , nd on appoj .LL d
days ent it s m ly tote sm 11 r e bu ld n on
5
11
p ety
les
venue 0 I n th r heh d ee
0 t e to ic erso ' s
r velous s rr t rote
a es
p O '
h er o
s ,ot
es,
0
ove to
p eeti
e
tness the
6
•
e '
,
ro
o e lv
•
.. e e ,
0
e COSS
o . I n e.
o t e
oth
e le
nd o
0 C
0 1
C
to
the,
11
0
t 0
s ttl d 1
e on o
OU
C t
...
•
0
n C
ome an unm red uncle o 1 o ore
so. t
roo
· n t e ·
ted n, e cle
11- o.
re f o 0
C 1 ,
n
e
sc ol r
or .
of
to
o-
t
,
OU
,
14
and an e tensive
eeder .
7
or ten
e= s her
esented
arrison
County in the
Oho t te
en te,
d for
per od
ne rl s lon he served
s ·ud e o
the county court .
or
. s
1 vel hood he con uc ed a
s hool in Cad
z an an ed
a s all cto y or th a
0 men ' n C e
r.
n t ese
C C s
..._c
s o n
tt e
e t
u s t
ork. u
t
C
n e
u cure o e
r's e d ,
0
h
on
e
0
,
C
C
e
C
C
0
t
nc
0 1
,
•
0
on
0 r,
1
0
b
b
00 0 0 ,
oc
co
t
0
C C oc t
0
0
C
0
0
no le
0
C
9
od
e
'0
OC 1
, co OS ,
1
(
1 -
p on , s . e e
r o
e
OC • C
•
15
cnstin pl tes , evened t n hen theed tor had occ sion
to e out 0.1 to ; so so e of h s ~·ri t n s found thei ay
i to r nt .
One year , sh a pro ched ur ty, e ent ay to
colle e o~e one of o on hs ~ bu under f n nc al
uress re u ned o e o as 1 t
• e st o t t n , for
e ic ne , set S 0
oc 1 ton r . 0 p
s , 0 V , b CU 0
e d orou
1
C •
a 0
1 to
e
0 ol
e old
0 0 C
•
h
us
0 h e b
e an cross an o
t 0
•
,
ee d t a r ie 0
1
n n
ud
r
co
,
•
e 1
1
t
0
n
1
up
lo
s uncle's school .
lent el ctn
t
n
d ion o
bo oo .
c nc to
a on : 1 sud
ol 0
e co 1 ot
C
cu 0
0 or
0
d 0
e e n 0
le ic
o sud or a ri.o
s nee t red
0
1 for ot .
l t ese i C e ts re no erely t e
10
cit., 11 . roo s, 0
•
p .
16
exaggerated remini cences ot old age i attested by the un-
u ual abilities of the boy' later school days.
Long de irous or tudying Latin, he begged ot h1 Uncl
atthe that he might be permitted to attend th loc 1 cl 1-
c 1 cademy for that purpo , but the uncl, indf lo t
cot, demurr d. o yon u nt o th c d y,
by the boy's bi ion, ed him 1 oo , and h qui
th
h
h
t
on te hi bili o • p h n brou
tuu. nt l.n to hi
o h r r
U cl
o th
th u
ic
0
, r
0
0 0
cl
1 to
o ed o
a t n
'
,
0
0
0
C
C
0
,
C
a or th -..,&vr.
0
1
r
I
Th 1 t r se on o
0
b
o bo
hot
0
-
1
0
or
0 tu ng
on. Th
0
•
I
0
00
onth
t
, h
0
0 •
1
11 1
1tt d
nt r
d vo d to th
0
-
o-
study of Greek. Simpson as placed with a classmate, a
brother-in-law of the local Presbyterian m nister, to study
uGraeca 1 nora." A boy of moderate ability, "fonder of
amusement than of studi s," the clas mate progressed much
more slo 1 th n m son ished to go , but the te cher, in
an effort to eep h sown 1 bors at am nimum, desired to
old the to boys to ether. After som eeks of frett n,
1'7
oun - ttle ote, for s equ rd turd ssa n Gr k,
a o t n r t v of o boy cl b g ounte n· t e one
stron and ea er,
e pure a r o t h
rue ous to
o h r 1 z
it and b
d ndi
th
nt
e 0
•
d ad ti d
o tat .est on on, hou 0 n
s d, 0 u on r.
s db th
at
0 C
8
n con equence,
1 d
on t
th
ne
h 1 1
fou
r C
0
o ook of o r
f mont 1-1 th
'
,
0
t n cour es o t e nei
In th month that
lgeb , enc, pan h,
and chemi try, 11 of' the
e
o th
VO
cond ol
co 1 t d nth o
qi e in th n
o ng colle s.
ollo d he d dv
little Ital an, bot
hile, o course, a
0
d to b
-
0
C r,
t
h ~ o
•
on hs,
,
c d
,
tin
n
C of
k d
e
eology,
in h
C
18
uncle's academ. o he busied hi self ntil his seventeenth
year, in the summer of 1828.
11
College. In this latter year Simpson became acquainted
ith r. harles lliott, professor of langua es in the newly
est blished adison College at Uniontown, enns lvania, ho
as in Cadiz "promoting hi her educatio in the Church.
1112
r. 11 ott a, mor than an oth rat this critical junctur
of the youn er an's 11 e, to sha his de t ny-- ob the
rev d nee.' Pose ed or ins ument 1 h o kins o
h se o a passion t o e or th cl ic 1 lan g and
e
h
Let od st C urc, and ind n in the
e e
n ( is] h
d m
1
t ou t ul in
it din 1 a
thod t home
an re 1 r
d alre d
r nc
ts,
n C n
11 a
t rofe sor po tl o e e t
o th pos tion n h chool
A out
11.25 inc sh
et out or
o d
0
ed t
1 ed 11 o
b ck po
1 0
1 clo b
om n net
C diz, nd b
C --
, 0
d boo
1
for
0
dis
d hi b co an on of t
0
t
t
o h
,
to
•
1
s 1 •
h
dl,
0 S
ort rd on
road ho
i nt r preted h
a ro 1 o
lence dur n politic 1 a ument to ean
c on for pr s den. It but th ir 0
m y t
s
ens lence ould roe to hi an portant
ll bid., p. 17-18.
12
Ibid., p. 19.
13
oc. cit.
19
political eapon .
t the end of the three-day tr p he reached
Unionto n . Dr . l liott welcomed him, not onl t o the school,
but into his home as a boarder . y e as at once ass gned h s
1 ce in the family prayers, nd th re learned to red and
co pare the V l gate, eptu gint,
bl s v t the n lish .
14
ebr ,
ranch ,
d e an
n
e hole he ound colle e disa po nt ng .
nect -
to eet oun""" n o
ens , ' n
o s ors
0
supe or
ould
ds
ke m
d 1
y
e tt n e h nd as a
iant 'ould lead a ch ld, h d sco e ed nstead that 'te che
a e ut e ,
en th
d f
h
e n
co es to
d
s sc dule c lled o
e 1
eb e ( t
1 tt
of
C
n
on
n b
colle
1 0
n h op
n o
studies, eh
e e
t,
from o
t e cl s e
•
0
on bus
L 1
es can
de no
r er
s Colleg , 1 s or th t im 1
0
t n , ucl d, ad
st
ud ed
0
0 0
0
11
) . In
d
to
1 o ' cl s
C c o
0
t
ro-
co le
nd
a r• s
o uc on , '
1 ,
11
nd ' re
1
a the mp o, S
er 30, 1828. rooks ,
pson ' rnal,
15
oc. cit .
p on to cl
• pp . 20 , 59-
--
- 6 , 1828 .
n
16
oc cit .
or his own reading in atin, he was , at the end of
the first month, half through Livy (l'fine rint, about 300
p ge s
1
), and had found that hich as difficult for him was
not less so for r. Elliott . -The latter had advised him
20
to read as rapidly as he chose, that he might become perfect
by practice. 'r. lliott sa s , and I am inclined to believe
im, that I 111 need no instruction ram him in Latin &
Greek . • • d I firmly bel eve th t e nos little 1 any
m ore abo t eb th I do self .
1
he inst ctor in
m emetics , too , surprised b the rodi ious atta nments
.
of the youn stu ent fro the frontier. Inqu rin into
pro' ress he d ma e it c nee, he instructor ound 1
ro essin ,.,.
C U t ucl d nd su e
a som no 1 de of 1 ebra. fer test
, a · 11
onto or
three chapter , t e te char to ce pl ced n
e
se
he bo
n e
ad co e
It ust no
qt
ng o
a er te re n
n ea ne t f' 0 t
er enc
•
e h
e tutor p or
1rr . t
_QC C •
1
Ct.
d h e co enc h d of
or s · st nc
en needed it.
d th th cco
arro nt o th h h
c nee of a Yo s a
to lu t , object vel , h coll
en of e
:,
at t e c ose 0 the
t e next yea at a V 1 e of o e und
d need
b
0
n
e
te ,
d
21
dollars (eighty dollars clear, a ter pay n · tuition) for ten
months of sc ool. He shed to accept the offe r if he could
do so it out causin undue hardship to those at home. i
expenses lOUld be considerable, as he fi ured them in the
letter to Uncle atthe
•
Board n at one doll rand f i ft y
cents per eek, as n t enty- five cents, "counting four
and lf eeks to the month , that rill b~ seven dollars
d e ht - s
v>n
nd a al cents per ont , le in only
elve and a half cen s or dent 1 e penses, such as
s oe-black n , mend1n, c.
e 1 t en old ave to pay for such ite s as
s oes , at ., toe s , co t , pa loo s , vests , about ty
0 t e ear, 0 1 p rt o ic e hi lf could
n ur r . he r t q e ton he as e h ng ,
ev 1 t C. SC ool e er ence , a et er or not
e e r o co 1 o l e 0 t th C f C ch
t o e 0 oul forced 0 e. t he s
OU
•
co 0 bl u d ., ell t
ed to
I
b h d 1 ead ed an e ,
nc in con C 0 b 1 t , and felt , 1th
0 0 he n t d knes 0 he in-
true o
t e could 0 es ho .. 11 sin h
cool
20
•
oc cit .
Durin the Christmas olidays, he found that he as
needed at home , both for his earning pover and tote ch in
his uncle's school, so, fter to months at 'ad son he con
cluded his colle e student days and returned to teachin •
21
22
Stud of edicine. ·ork in the classroom he re rded
as a temporary e ped ency, not s profess on for 1 e, so
he be an to consider he voe on h ch e ight e er .
La he re·ected , even thou h he had o e elt ts upeal s
he sat n he coun co rt--but he had no a 1 t as ublic
spea er . sud n n the local ca emy e d d 1 ked
to decl im, d ev n h nd d ob eve he cou
e could not t lk.
2
r te , but hat
t lent e decide on ed
h s tudies in he of c o r . C
of e cl ss cs n e local c d
ye rs s ul
0 d d
e n
n,
•
0 e
en
0
xt
ed upon
e ch r
th e-
que t re e ce tc e s 00 s . s 1
tud n Coop r' S ,
--..w--
u
ca on 11 e alked no he
lobel , or to bot nize • he
n-la, noted t
s o s of C
21
Crook, o. cit., p . 24 .
22
bid., p. 28.
d 0
0 '
e s o
to
te h o
e ber of
er'
00
c-
t and
rot er-
'
m 1 , r -
23
paired the electrical machine for hiss ster Betsey. He took
extensive notes, until his eyes bothered him, and he ent
often to Dr. cBean for examinations. At length his course
was completed and he was licensed to practice medicine •
.
A few notes from his readings on "Thompson's System
of Medicine" afford an insight nto the training of the
frontier physician. "Spear int,
11
the youn doctor notes,
is 'ood to stop vomiting--sits pleasantly on the stomach."
Penny Royal--may be used in all sickn ss--good for the
stomach arming cleansing & s eetening." Th follo ing
prescription is for cou po der: "four tea s oons of Skunk
c bbage , t o of hoar ound, one of ake Robbin , one of 0 1,
one of o . 2 , one of Ba Berry, one of bitter Root one
of [??) po der--mak fine mixture. Tak half a Te spoon
before going to bed.
2
3
That he did not. ccept ithout c itici 11 th t h
red in hist xt i rev aled in fra ent o humorou
story hich he rote. Hero o th narrat v
physician, fo erly a trad sman, ho h d studied
a yo
•
hop on'
medicine only a month , but had alre dy tnes d raculou
cures . In th course of the story the ph s cian is tr a ing
a oun man ho , he fears, may die from th poisonous medic n
hich someone els gave him. Calomel , he e 1 ns to the
23
atthe Simpson,
S. Fram nt of an early notebook.
--
24
relatives of the patient ,
0
is boiled mercury, ell s t rained ,
dried , and po dered-- ell , mercury is made out of qui cksilver,
hich is one oft e most abominablest oisons found in the
hole orld . " The me cury lies in the lungs or the 'li hts ,'
can be removed only by he br th , nd by that process
pois ons the outh n d the ums n es the teet loose •
t the sam t e it cau s the lun and 1
nd ot an 'o r son coug to br n
tw
1
to fester
e otte s u f
It
•
h o 1 ts ctor c e , e doctors s, is lo-
ell
I
, C e to c · t en o ht
t OU tote 1
11 c en out
ts to clean t
.to come o
out . b caus e the
s
s n le of
oc or tells o 'a la
e
ol -- • • • e
ollo
1 n
nt
1
s t
o es on .
eveal
0
•
e o
es n
ho
ssa s,
ter· st ar
t t i , '11 t i
l o ell a 11 cle n t ou sy •••
e r cu t OU lobell
0 ed t
1 1
s d cau ht a
d
e to e oc or
o all o t oun C 1
0 r on
or es, rs C re s 11 nt
ro c ence an 1 tea ure to
4
nt led a en o or •
25
vill e life, ro ance, nd reli ion • . ost o~ t ese rit ngs
,ere prep red for the' uvenile iterar Soc·ety' C I/ s
'co . P O ed of e r youn [ en] o the to n of adl z, ' and a
fe o t em ere publ shed in the loc 1 ne so per .
25
he compositions-- pot nt or t rev 1 ton oh
o t e oun man ' std d thin la ts and o his latent
s{ 11 ·n la ua e--are in tun erud e , clever, pee t n ,
ello"'
elec
d
C y S a
la ·acent
cond ct ,
0
0
•
l o
0
1
0 0
of
es e
2 C
ook ,
26
t
arc
10 , 8
7
Ib
1
•
. r ·1
12, 1 1.
d ous .
1
2
to
s
e o
a r
pso ,
e er t 0
a C
lu · .. ~o
f C SS
o e 1
d
e d scusse co uc or
h e t
d non-
e
e
,
h
0
nt . 27
e
0
1
C
, the i
t to o
0 e
1
0 t
SC
,
d
et led de c
•
28 .
•
C r C t ,
o' th 0 0 .. s 0
•
on of 1 t-
C e 0 n
e to
on
on o · e
0
0
of
on o t e
he rth ."
,
26
hu nan eye, nd a shorter one o the telescope and th micro-
sco~e . 28 Loe 1 tr d ton n Cadi z ha it tat on the oc-
cas o o fallin st s C r ·htened uch o the er can
cont n nt nto r ntic c 1 n u on od nd t moor ry re-
entance, t e o le thered a ou d Si pson d 11 teed to
1. e pl in the
s • d ,
t o lo
on r
ed)
s
• • •
1
0
or t no non .
29
Po sibl t
s ro n e sa
•
u 1
•
ro
C a o n
e fa
c he 0
• •
. th
ze
ec o
a
0
( nd
e
nee '
,
ve
e
e o c ... o s soot
0 0 0 t co
• • •
0 0
t
C
C lo col 11 r h col
0
, C
•
0 e 0
e
e er 1 n S 0 , S C 11
e 0 t 0 0 •
0
28
10, 1 . . , C ,
29
e ort C 0 e
• •
son,
•
•
no
too
pl C
e on
27
n essay on style r~ues that, as Jol teness and good
anners make a man tt act ve and pop l ar, so ood style
1 a e
atter ore red le• n ct , tho t ood style th
"l e e ·lected and orgotten , to sl r n the
C
of o 1 vion .
• •
e o 1 s to e sen en 0 s
..
0 obscu e , exp1·c1 not rol o nted not n- no ,
el · nt ,
ol ed not ir le s , subl e ot tu d ,
r 1
I
0 C s nd , e C
•
C s
•
0 C le 0 1 ua e , a
•
1 0 ose u 0 e s
co e 0 1 , d C ce . s e C al-
, 0 e 1 C 0 C be t
.
0 , 0
or
,
0 C 0 0
0 u 0
b u to C
0 n 0
2
0 0
t 0 0 oon '
e d t octu 1 OS
s
1 0 V t nd b to see
n le .
Ct .
28
• • •
irg 1 ha ... ily expresses the st llness h ch p ev 11s
e
on such occ s ons bys n
'
mn a octie erant', [ ch,
,
eel n th need, t e ounn
rite tr nsl ted) 11 1 ht ."
33
n
not er ss y, ndul n n e f'ulso e rheto C 0 out ,
h
scr be an OU u un cc ess 1 t r a b n
11
t e nt n h nds 0 ec on to e eel-
D 0 0 r 0 11 e .
0 e s 0
1 ·t
e ces
0 u t
0 u 0 n
0 0 0
oo e n's C 0
t e 00
'
I
n on ,
t on
0 1 0 co C s
0 C 0 0
0
0
0 0 0 cc
00 0 0 C n C
0 c1 ·
0 ch e
•
d
0 0 11 0 0 0
0 t
, C 0 C 0 , 0 0 0 ,
m n o e t lit oc
•
4
OC • C t •
29
0
Hor ce , irgal & Ovid •••• nd hen n a manner rems.rk-
ably p escie t of s 1 ter s i n st le e ' soloqui zes,"
s to the pen , hfas it 1th such n instru ent as I no
hold n y and , th tall the 1 te celebr ted au o s ave
r tten.
re the J."'
aga n he c lls he
ens any better tan mine? and th n
oll, th s i o t ose ach eve ents
e t th t arkable en t but allo ed :
rite ess ys as pol
' 11 0 1 , '
tis e sa]
loca
r n
nc ents no vers
,
ry,
0
1
t 0
1
--
al o
e ,
C
s
0
C
1
n 0 oth
C 0 C C es
u e ora o ne t
bid . , n ens .
st uc t e 1 r (t e
t r o
t t
mooth
as
e C
t 0
0
t
s
0
0 e f
1 ed
ee be as Po
n h
lot .
• • •
0 u
n ,
0
u ,
ev r 1
n
ld
0 1
on ,
th
e
n o
d d c
ch o 1 ch r
00
C •
5
n V 1 e
d
ze e
o ere d en the
30
shouts of ' ire , r' re' ran out throu h the streets . e
"shot out o · the house ••• unmindful oft e mud ad hurried
the i ection of the mov n peo le . ater , as he wrote
the ess , he stopped to n lyze h s feel~n of 1 rm, re ark
n t t under sch an emo on ' t e act on of the nd 1s
ither a d or reven ed ro nf luenc n s s ong a
0
r as u u 1 h ot on o th o y . u t t et of
e i c e t , , 1 · . e r st , s out e re 1 t e e .
e to h
OU no n
1
0
0 on
c . e , 1
to
I 8 1 0
an, .o 0
or
h s
0
s e
0
d d . '
0
e , o
n
0
1
lo
0
1 C
o r e
, 1
d
e
0
s,
e
e o son
see e o e
u 0
d
s o n
t 0
n
e e
,
no
la der ,
a
ro
C
er
nt
0 p 0
no
nu
0
•
t ove, o e n
to
sel
,
e . '
Sa/ ihat is th s that makes me si
s thou h to ease m troubled bre st
hich m kes me c st , shf 1 eye
37
To seek some orm on hich to rest?
erse ad humor co bine to tell the rollickin story
31
o the courts po
· sters 1: o
urd . The vill e dand called upon tree
• •
. 1 ke the shlps hose keel out e hs
he t cor e
'h ch t ey r i e
0 t v er ev ... ere
en i r head , 0 ttle ' t ere .
ev es , e e cle en u 0 lot a V C
.
s •
ank 0
l d e
• • •
pr tt
a C r
I S ]
a n a curl
o e o e ot 1 ed o t to e n t and loose ed
e rt 0
s d _ le o e o n
t'
h o e . t
1 n , e s n OS ode , 1 co n ed
0 s , a d to e rn , to C U C 1
C ·ed
, 1 , I 11 .
• •
n
e !
Te poet coul
0 e emb r t. n need , s e
ro reb f 1 u h e o t
rl' so
__ ., It ust be Love ,
7
n . 28 , 1830 .
32
thunder in the hero ' s head .
38
There are many otle r verses , some er ous , a fe
ver lone, r1ritten under such titles as
1
The c· r'istian ' s eace , '
0
The
1
ox Chas e , "
11
n ddress to lizabeth im son-- on her
irthda
ebruar 2nd , 1830 , ' nd" ur aunt is dead .
• •
c 1 o these are t e 1 ne
o n s nineteent h birthday .
~ ch he rote n celebr t·on
poe o ~ out t ~ ree und ed
1· es in e o c couplets , t e tting
s rt , o t e ar of 1812 en ri tend pe ople
1
co
n
'7.8
•
rt d
lo
to
b d
0
eel ses
a
l e
11th co et•s ta ls
oc st •s
t·o r·ng .
tthe, o
. 0
e rote :
e , o I
e . he d r ,
0 e e 0 h 0 ho
e re t b shop , e 1 nored b the pious
ter ear rote acco s of pson ' s earl
•
d.'
1
ne r ten on r . on
,#
th 18 O." e
o e
e. n d ,
a n ' d .
,
,
t e r
to
et o t
1 fe .
s
33
They reme bered rather the sol emn jud rnents of 1 e , the
pious pronouncements , the edif · pl ases, the tick miasm a
of reli ous colloquy , n the resence of ich humor found
surv v 1 d f · cult , ndeed . In thee rl s ;ell s the
1 ter ea s o .. atthe S pson h ~e s much o.L t e .,;,er ous
to be found · it s a a or part of h s 1 f , c ef lly
ked off fro n uns o led b the fr olou and t e und ne
o ents . li e e vy n dark ment c
e r r 1
tra old
· an
nd un
t 11 of colle e
, t
·ot
S 0 o n
C r
0
el 0
0
unc
0
e
1
CO C 0
0
OU
ea on of
00 , 0
41
, ... .
2
,
C , to U
ed to lad
e . So
ace
hi
th
0
0
·ou
s .
e p on · 11
e
e .
,
rl
C
e t
0
0
, p . 26 .
o ol
C
C 1
od,
o r
uf r
,
ur 1 e , seems
t n 0 0
t e ct
e 01
1 s ,
ons
lee d th 0
1 er t e
e a
a t
e o
0
cco t
o s d
en , · e
• • •
•
t n n h s
34
he la awake 't, jnk n of divine truths , nd especla]l of
tn t quest on .
• •
'
at must I do to bes ved? '"
42
e
leaned from his mother the b b~t of rayer , re u rly read
n God
1
s hol \!·ord , " a d a tte ded tt God ' s house;' and tho h
he ha
tt
ee.rt s rone toe il as an
other " be " ,
strained rom e er · o~d or act of ether pro a t or
s re-
licer t ousness , n never e - ·a e n hct re ter d by
r·st·ans sin ul m t
, 43
e:nen s . • • e re to 0 man-
ood, tt ded a .et od st college , ad eturned till
· th ut th co ve ·
er· ence C o s arply c racter-
zed ne rl 11 0 e ront er reli ious eo le .
e chef st nt of 1 ion on rot er
t e c pee
,l. ... r e o
0
e
ron t
le
0 he
•
ched led
per o, t ttr cte so t
am lies , OS 0 0 ere 1
o e o
St OU a
le c
e ed, n so e s d o lo liness .
o o l s o t e c p e n
pect cular s of eople
o 1 t e
re les _ r -
ent b ts 11 loc 1 run up o n rl e e
s
t o .. st c re u t ,
t
t _er
0
oul '
t 11
r
e
r 1 t ro a e c •
2
OC . C t •
43
d . , 12-1 •
4
James orter, Co
ork: Car l t on Porter-;-
4
• •
y
n
35
Dickerson's camp, held n a ·rove some three miles from
Cad z, t racted youn · Simpson nd his family n the s
of his n neteenth year , 1829 . Le ttended on Sunday nd
er
returned bo1 e the same evenin, not , ho ever , until his sister,
l o des·red to re a overn t, ha exacted from him pro ise
to
retu n the ne t d a ter scr ool and w lk
_o e
ith her .
e d
I
1 ·
e
, ere
•
0
e
0
0
0
0'
0
0 1
covered , en h e s a
.
in in can , that rear ble
io s
· nt
st h d ppe d urin t e d
Y ,
nd t ... a
r 1 0 0 e , 0 h d been ve 1 ,
ke ed .
'
s s st r ; sh d to n 0 t e ven n
ce, nd ere d ly ssented . e s no p t cularly
e e or o sed , hoe er, unt · 1 ate the pr ac in
see ell on ere invit d
11
or a d.' e noted
e r e n r o 1 nt sev ral or horn he a
co ce n . e e e .1en
'
he , 0 been 0
OU 1 d C t
1.
e d n 0 u r ed y
1 nee , 0 1 0 ex eri nee the s 10 rel ous
e
•
1 0 s r d 0 r 0 an
d e n t n o e ho
00
0 he C n , e n s h
•
for
t
0 C d t e an d
11
as ed e
ot
to 0 or a 0 pra ers . In o ent the
ed to
0 0 t r . Tl er a uch ·c e ent ,
f
nd he
r 0
n con e ... ed . pson , he
II
urpo to
e rel_
•
OU
"
s of coole t er en th n
ny, u
nd so
36
looked around him ' while others ept and r yed e rne stl y."
45
nd thus he e rly demonstr t ed that c ool de t achment f rom the
e~otion vhich sept o er others , a det ch ent hich e as t o
1~now in the days of his or to ic 1 scendency hen the pe ople,
"no ed as f ya might y ·i nd, could s ea ce r estr i n the -
selves , even thou hi t ~a com on kno l ed e th t the reat
eecher · s o t trou l ed t e i r emot i o al i pl ay.
46
he e s no
r ns he ecor
r account o a dra ati c tta a.keni
•
0
e e 1 , the c p t n pe
c ... {er on ' s s a clo e to t C convers o s
nee t
pson
e .
se
es o
et
at
I a s ce e , f
Chr st , t d d o
7
0 0
· tin
onet eles , h
e C
ont •
C
e
rte .,
eel n
et
t h
o ce or
en r r n , e d o be
u ec s' oft e cen 1 .
cons o
. s
V d t dut 0 e p t e
d
0
i
a
n ]
ec
s ed o
rest-
a
0 0 t t •
z d
0
1 , h
0
oun
db en
ot
ut
s , a h
a "c o to do o . t
c h
0 n ced 0
nd emor ze a a er ub e u tl o ot 1 t e
4
Croo s , 0 . i t , • 2 - 26 .
46
• 189 , c·t n 1 tter o r .
• •
sell .
471 d
., p . 6 .
--
37
cours of delivery . ' I t was the f rs t and last pr ayer," he
1 ter said , "that I ever rtt P ted to write f or deli ery.
1148
he prayer meet ng as f oll owed by a Sunda school , or e.n zed
and tau ht b Sim son , althou h not ·ithout sone in t i al ob st uction on the part of ~ethod sts ·ho did not re rd the
abbath as
oper d 'or te c in , n ho, bes des , d d
not · sh the churc so led
·b ry n e res ons
c 1 ren . ' Te school re ui red
t of secu ng t fel u_on t e
0
of
d
an
n
nd
0 S t O t
1 c u er pt o
sc ool he u ned to
ence he bee e n u
lly 1 ce ed
ded o on to
o nal an
0 t
ho
0
0
t .
s
r t
cont n cone
1 ho e sen
e n t e o
b
0
•
n
I
to e st
e alf o t e cu c •
S p 0
o te , loc 1
49
cl s ,
e c er ,
ence nd ecom-
n al Con ence .
r o
ct t d
d n e c n sc ool o
d
C t
le o t e "- u
cou t ,
0 ,
re en oppo
ed, r co
8
9
zed
e , n
. ,
•
. ,
0 'cl
e
er, ser ed
or r 1
h
•
o r
27
•
7-28 .
ss s,
If
of t
bsence 0
sp r
0 n y h
1 o e UC ple h e as
hod t soc s ·e e
0 t 0 r e e
rcu t-
, 0 t n nt
ser nd o r e r to
n
s .
0
usual abstinence . " There were uunday school teechers '
me tin
0
s , cl ss meet ngs , end pr~Jer meetings , o etimes
on tednesd : , sometimes on v turaay evenin
6
s . Occasion lly
he recorded th t e
d 'a very refresh n season , " a
very li ve y nd p oft ble eet nc , ' "a very ple s nt eet-
i ....., , nd
11.ope pro ble . '
the s ss on 1 sted "too lon . "
0 nd ten he reported tat
o red n m tter, in ad-
dit o to
s stud es , he turn d to
•
1.e cher ' let er ,
he
0
•
ter
et ··e n
u
t o e o
he te 0
t
e r
o l
ce to
1
r
0
•
on o
t
0
a
0
0
es
0
n
0
io
e .
u
OU
t rl
0
•
e o s
0
n t e
t e C 1. SU
d
"
L e
e t n ,
t
e
t
p
• •
t n
o l
e
• t
- b
s
C
on on t 1 o
a ca e
ce
t
,
C
or-
e
ed
a o e ful
esent , he
e el e ed ,
e pe nee
r ok ou
1
0 t re o
1 obt ned some fresh sp
the e b er n eetin - ho
l"ohed n t e adiz T
our tho a d
al st n t •
eech on
lse-
-------
,here he spoke or 'e orted t e eople e nded, altto h
"the cross"
as great .
necess a
y t o my reli
.eet · n
oted
sa e
e r he e C d
a z .
ere te :1.e
0
f
ea 1 el
e
n n
e
u
ss 0
0 l 1
on to
.
u
u
0 oc
0 8 C
0
C
0 ce
n e
loo
39
r e found , o ever , that "act on s
ous 1·re .
1f
In pril, 18 3, the cl ss-
c nse to e ort d b er of t e
s ·st se ons (; t [
e . ]
tl:e s nd
s e pulp t 0 t e er nd
50
•
0 S
OS
o s b 11
C
t
0
e
0
oc r
0
r
•
e
0
C
t
or
e r
I 1
p . ?
4 .
... 0
all
ec
n
ods
0
co
1
r
•
ch r C cs of
n o h s
t es o b d
ne 0 ence · the
0 ond C
. OU
e 1 old t
C 0 n
on 1-
e o ct 0 C
0 o e
C 0 o e o
C o-
C ,
he 0
n e C 0 , "r .
he cit ons ro
• 70 .
40
esle sad ,
f
m lies tr at no ron
temper' ,
none contr
ry to
C ns n t e
soul ; nd th t
·11 t 0
thou hts ,
0 s ,
ct
by pure. lo
'
2
0 s e - o
rne
e . "-J
T e do c1.1r· e
s s rr·c·
ntl o ._..,le
def ·
tion
to d
0
.
et t
ress
•
t ... e
0
n
n X
or
0
ler undo
e those
s
r o p
t r· tu
1
ce e
t
n
•
1 0 t ed
t t 0 1
e
oc
not
e
on o
d e, t e
ed to
.
u
ct
C C t
t
n
0
,
C
o l co
0
0 0 d
C
nd o
0
,
0
0 0
1
0
0 ,
C
0
0
,
,
r
d
oc
•
er
1 co C
C 0
e
0
oc
0
con
1
0
ob
e
C
too
0
0 e
1
0 0
0
,
0
6 . -
a
re C s a e
rom
5
zel ,
0
e
(
- at
e
cer
or,
1
ezel
SU ri
th " rem
r
0
at a co
er ce
ho pro
' C ... r st
n .
'
41
T_ rty ye rs 1 ter , tl the onors of the b shopr c
a d
the halo o eloquence u on h m, i. tthe mpson ould
s·t
•
n t e o e of a . t od:lst s ster and conf de to er t e
lo
•
n is he rt , be 0 ).
"'"nto
.
o r al n
de
pa·r 1 bor
•
sel 0 l
ld e del
a
C s
ct 1 0 1
0
e ed on
0 C ho
'b
0
0 t C
'
7
ott a
7
roo
58
er t t she
es h OU d et
55
0 h s .ant .
om 0 pet
ut t C
6
•
so .. et e
cle
ul e
'
0
C e
1
o l 11
h
oro 1 cl
ould pra 0
h · m.
cry o t t
t e a o aly
0
or
0
e f 1
e
0 0
u
1
0
1
0
t e
11 ,
s
t ,
n .
C
0 -
8
•
o d
c .
2 '
188 .
ord .n 59
42
t c mpmeetin 1 ., fo d th t "pe ce flo ed into y
e rt , but 1 ttle ·oy . 0 , th t t e ord iould cont nue to
c rry on h s blessed ·ork unto per ect o ." O Te second d y
on
1 V
It
--
rl
s c cut he as
clam ng , "to ho 1 tle pu pose am
"
,
nd h
a 1 not 1 ve
s 1 -co d
n ce s
s
oul be , ao not
s once fe
--
d .
1
Coun erb 1 c n
t e
1
t
ucc
t - ,
0 C ,
0
0 0
1 e 1
co
0
co 1
ot
ona
•
le
0 1.,0
,
• 40 .
,
• 4 .
,
•
7
u
e
ton of seve 1
ont s 1 ter
0
el
0
t to oe,
C CO
cu 0
tent d
0
n e o
0
C 1
n
C •
0 ,
ot de d o t e
ual fer nc of
0
lon
· s an
0 o e
d d
0
n
t
e co
e o
1 ,
o e
· ord
shunned C
43
His voice ~as 'poor' and he undoubted-
ly realized sh s nei ~hbors kne th the s phy c ally un-
ttr ct ve, a tall , stoo -soldered , ard youth,
63
s o
shy that he
s fr d of soc et , " sot m d th t hen , at
uarterly onfere ce , he 's anpo n ed to" alt on the
ople'
·n the
aller , he perfo ed
t s
t
C
nee • ,64
n he a o
of co fl c, he discover d he key to
all of he
p y
0
co e
· ten for
le
n o
Too
0 ,
•
0
eat dee
ne
bbl
,
0
,
n
"
n C
s e
0 ,
on , 1
ons o
c ion,
0
•
p ssa
t .
6
t
1 e .
e a fasted and
OU
' h C
o a
i • Tenoned
,
lly
11
e t•
•
11 t
s
0 0
t
ton of
C
on 1
t s. ']
r o ,
n e
n
op non o
e
0
co rse
or
0
sold
d
ork•
C ro o , o • c t • p • 40 •
---
0 , 0 • Ct . , 2 .
1 c 1 r ~ re ce, ro erbs,
44
and particul rly of keen-minded ncle latthe , he dreaded
thee perience .
she deb ted the tter th h mself , his
uncle c n1e t to the roo and, after hesi t t ng or a moM.ent,
inqui ed, "Don't JOU think ou could speak to the people
toni ht." The ouse ht ni ht, "by some st _n e co ncidence,
as crorded as the u ure b sop wade s ir t ubl c reli ious
address . e as
convers ton on
oon
1
_ ressed to
e sub ·ec •
166
each" but he' evaded all
o.l e o h r s ~o er t cher t
d so College ,
t e v . C rles 11 ott, on av st to
.
mpson . e ore t er co erst o
n s ed the yon er e d d ot feel
o each . " mitt n r n<:l th th d d
o, c lled to see
nde t el er
s 'c llea to
ou hts upo
e
of e Chu ch ,
m son repl ed th t e old "obe
a he d s ned s y follo n
h act on
he ope n
0 • • • • 0
e C •
7
1 t once beer e for .
p on
t 0 ov
C •
e 0 o t e loc 1
co e e o
0 lre dy
een o ed e
er' 1 cen o n occa on -hen
s n ro cl
loc 1 p e cher .
6
67
uar erly Co ference ,
• •
Croo s , o cit., • 29 .
er th _ co -
e
,.
45
me dat on was cons dered , a crisis arose . fhe presid n elder
insisted t t the candi date preach a trial sermon , but the
c ndidate refused , ivin ~ as area on that t ere s no such
requ rement in the disc plin , and , further , th t e ould
"take no step torards them n stry unless called out by the
C1urc •
168
The con erenc et , t e c nd·d te as exa ned
upo "doctr ne an di cipline' and sent ro t e oo ile
h " s c se s co si e ed . o e e p ess d erst at is e 1th
· a~ not adequate o~ t r Lorous ork o the t nere.nt
i istr_, , others dou t d t t ·ould e er b
tt a
SU
r · c
ently
a le s e er to e 0 serv ce 0 t e urc
I
•
So e, o e er,
sad t nee ood e ad al·a been C ... ld o
r ov nee ,
I
nd t ... t 0 bl 0 a ~or 0 0
do. e r nt p 0 ed C en and
if
t
he ·
! son
' s
ante a 1 ·cens n r co e de or d 0 he tts-
u
1 0 re e .
9
r th nu 1
f"'o
er n e et .
e P
. d n
la ntl t 11
..
le sed t e , a oun
1 to r on , eld u C 1 C
ad ee
ot
..
the r erl Con e ce . it r .
.,.,1 ..
0 t
0 ec t e VO ce d t e t 0 rov dence .
s e
t n t t eel er ad 0 r to o d th com-
e.d
0 , e ot o ly ec ed t p e nt on, but led
68
29 . ,
•
bid., p
•
2 9- o.
h s youn cl e t•s ca e so s killfull that Si mps on w sad
m itted on trial into the conference and appointed as third
preacher on the St . Clairsville c rcuit .
...oreover, it was
46
a ran ed th the should em n at home nd pre ch altern te
undays in adiz nd St . Clairsville til such a time as it
ould be possible for
m to close is bus ness and devote
full time to the circu t . There as but one co clus o l
co 1
ra . t_e c _on o t e confe~ nee
70
could . '
s d ,
a 'I esol, d to e
70
d . , • 66 .
--
e .ed so
0
eady s soon s
C T. i' III
Ct
The rvuit ider . n the settle ent of
he trans- lJ ,_heny .e t t e a
__ Jea
ed no ore rom nt C
'i u e than th t of -che ethod st ci cult r der . th his
b ble ,
c-
sa dle - b s , nd h s r e ode t t ils
of t e rontier , llen e 0 n u e's
·1de ne s
a
'
bl:)l ef .
Con t tl i th s dle t 0 tme t 1
ev r r him, h d e to e a of
the 1es rn countr
•
he r 1 ere 0 e
OU nl 1 t e u
e ol o· d e , to 0
1 -
e , 0 e C U r t
0 ad e e e 11 0 0 C d
o le c llea t
od·
t
I
b t I 0 d ,
ru C be 0 0
p
e 1 e o ..
T e
n 00 s e t e d ,
nd
.
0 --o 1 r 0 0 e en
'
1
en n
re (
C
2
eter rt
•
•
tric 1 (
e
•
oe 0
od
copal , p . o.
48
tre cold of winter or the flood season of s r n •
3
Nor vere
tbes the only inco veniences , as my e ·udged from the ex peri.ence o Dishop sbury who , trc rellin in ennessee in
1802 compla ned of the
I
eavy mount n de"tJ , rhich , wh n the
,ind sbook t e tree , ell J ike ra n u on us . ' is com-
panio s made a shelter for m by tretcbi ) their 1 nkets
across the limb of a tree and the ·ood ishop as able to
slee • ~o e r , e p oteste to . s journ 1 , p rently a
r
b t co sc nee- t cken o e h s otest , 11 not be
r s , a re o be rs n protes tion a nst an
co tr · but 1 n Vvr mo or ve t e r 1 ~
s
roverb · thout
he
te t .
4
· tle ·ender th the b d e the
0 .o V lles .., s
11
T e e' o od o tod
a d et o is reaC 8I'
0
! I
5
nl?
ron " uscul r c r st n y
e e e d p d e sa et
tl s 1 t e est s
C e enc 0 ra 1 and
d ed 1 s n e t t
u 0 S
ou d. nu e
netr te
t
ncl e
h
e n •
e
o th rt o nt ens an e_e c lled t ee-
ro
k ,
3
··11 a
ork : Robert
• r
C ar t e r
4
el
urch n the
186 - 67J,
a e
ver i ty
G. e
es , 192
t .
al
ter ,
a en • Y le
49
four-week , ors - eek ci cu ts , acco d n to the t ere -
qui1ed to tr vel
ound them . Te pre chers e e somet mes
called upon top ot ct t ems lves from ro ·dis nd bra •gr rt ,
and occasiorall t e
chiev d a br 11 ant' sp r tual ictory'
throu r sbeer p1 sic 1 o ce . One m n of God , or ex mple ,
ubdued an un ul bl c m th by thro n
to he round
nd di
be
S8
s. d so e
n
h
n ' t ,
1
ch
nee into
e cy on
acer
s rue
' s sto ac unt 1 e
m n ,
s
r ,
1
a a~en d n co v
ood pr
an o eyed,
b c e
C •
6
0 •
l C 1
0
, one
C d
0
o 1 o e
a
re
on
t
11
0
d
0 0
e, oo,
C
8 2
d
e n
ys C 1
e
nd
6
ly,
C C
C
alden,
1
7
Le
•
8 .. 1
,
e ·.
ork •
t
t dl unt 1
ed th
C
t
0
con
ce
0
0
n
C U C •
s
e rle n s •
8
•
•
1 .
•
(
2) ,
d
,
1
•
7
C e o
(C
t nc •
•
C nn
d
401 .
,
The place of preac n vas as umble nd unpretentious
as the front ers Lan nd his d ellin place.
1 ouse, ometi es loorless, "th room overhun
ften t as a
ith pump 1 s
9
prepared to dry , occas onally a barn , the county courthouse,
10
t e sc oolhouse ,
11
but henever ossible , t econ re at on
f lo or ston . ou re the o e , the eopl bu lt C
e re er took s 1 ce t , or e in a c r
or table , or s one of them ecoun , be nd a tc er '
b o
12
e
0
cc s tot
ome o
9
10
to
bl
1
oneer , 1· n~ s e
t 1
orl t
e t 1 1
1 t
her hos , r o
0 S O t
0
0 1
•
1
0
• •
92 .
1
•
e, 185
,
e
d
nd
e
•
)
,
•
so
d rac
ed 1
al
le
e , cro d
0
nto
•. 0
2
ed
114 •
C
s
(
ouse , e er
e e ce,
s
on o s e
( nc n
nc
1867),
,
•
•
•
51
of the room, the rvo1 en on the other, .nd t e pre ehe r stood
before them, behind his
14
hymn . n fter pra ers ,
mp o ised pulpi t nd ttg
e nnounced stet ,
e out a
nd thout
eferenee to note or manu eript be n tot under t the
people, or to le~d it t em . Seldo d d the man ho as
·nquirin
n
t shall I do to bes v d?' f 1 to et a
15
ee se
ans ,rer. n
Thee ef t e e t e lost con-
d t 0 0 t 0 1 n ur , e to r od ,
to ·a SOU or hrs , us f e on , s ct ic on ,
t e
d
t e
0
0
nes 0
1
de
n 0
ec 1 C
t er
t
s
•
e
t e
t
0
n
te
Y o
Ct .
llo
em,
17
•
n
n," p .
o n li e n
n d no C
u
st si
0 t e ra e
rt .
16
Co in 0 o le
• •
...
the tine nt p eac ed 0 ch
e e e ic , h s 11
a C xp nee , 0
s un on o b bl C l
T e ec ed 1 C
n ne
r
0 e u
rte , air to
ex C , 174 .
•
52
en ere to be ' awa ened nd converted," as out vs to arise
in Israel, there as to be a dr d ul shakin of dry bones .
So t hey e orted to illu tr tons rom t eir ot
e per ence ,
to ·
en ngs in the communit •
s there a thunder storm
tho inous roars ,
fen n cl ps , ol nd n - fl shes. the
re che r seiz d t e occ son to 1 tu e or t.e people h
u a
1 co
e
r
is, t
ent,
0 h st •
• •
o . d
the
old nd to
n odly .
18
s t
n an ,
oci iani m, or any o he
ere cal
e c er
ou tout . s e vy
t ler of
u-
e t
Je u
s
e ,
e
n
r no
t
11
up
eat
1 ed
t ol
0 0 ,
t t
e
e-
ee
ee,
0 ,
11 o l ,
do
1
0
•
cet o
0
1 V t
0
20
e
r co
C C
t O 0
o t e
o e
0
e cc tr c o nzo o
0 0 t
0 0
ch
• 2 o •
• •
G abriel and his lon tin horn high in a spruce tree, witn
directions to blo lustil
hen his name as called,
21
or
t e ca pmeetin preacher ho, approach n the cl max of a
desc r pt ve sermon on hell , drew am tch from his pocket,
1
ted it , com ared its "blu bl zes nd c r n
o e"
th th "dre d.ful ell to hich sinners are h stenin ."
22
e l an a e somet
s as picturesque , s the pre ch r ho,
n co e pla n his con yanc to th "be ter orld' id,
I 11 j
stride
t e
0 . 1
tn n, pu
t ,
to
in
of to lo ,
• or he oun Indian
pus to
ho cho
ounc t
r churc
hro
C
11 t
s
11
th d
crest on .
s O 1 ,
mo n n
a e
of o
a n
h e, bro
a on u on h
a lor,
bl
h
oms ed
d. I p . 80 .
2 I
d •,
p
•
81,
in i co r a on b d c ib-
1' r n t,
kn u
t
er t er
2
1 .
t 1
•
On 0
ton,
an
0
lu c
Th ol
0 ,
C
1
t dole of
0 ,
0
nl
n n
n 1
ute ,
0
nc nn t ~•
1860),
7
53
54
reiused to Let u but th preacher turned to s st .rtled
udi nee
0
n p e ched a sermon h ch us eut do m the s nners
li e -r en sl n on he field o b ttle . ''
24
he unlette ed
st te o t e earl re c ers somet es 1 .d to s ch st n e
d sser tons as th t ted b impson o the joun m
hoc o e to pe-k on h scr pt re ve e conta n n the
or
le eres es, '
p_ onounced t " d ble e s y'
ery
pr P
,
el
t o
ooe
t 5
not r o
t o , 1 unc e
,
c n or ro
, n 0
' •
e
OS
n o
n lo
,
0 S
r p e 0
n · not er literat , he
d '
0
nt 1
. nd o
, n
oceed d o
n
rou tor e
er e uc tion 1
0. 0
0
0 C 1
d ro c
0
s1 e
0
rr -
one C to .o
a ud
1
e 11 s
0
0
ce e o n o
cit . , • 8
1 d o e
or •
n the scendancy an emotion 1 sm
ich, to be e ndled ,
m ust ever have ne
·tin ant system,
27
fuel . '
urther consequence of the
nd one o fr-rec in s i nif ic nc
.. i s
t h to st en thenin the "connect onal bonds.' . ith the
ra dl c in
ni t tion, t ''as nee s ..... ar to · ro de
55
ens o
on , of'
as e anent as os ible the
a· s o e ch re c r .
he usa s of the ethod sts o
ere qu c
U t., "CO
me c·n rontier .
c es
e
soc_
s ,
elec ed to u r
e
s ,
ey a
n c 1 nte
0
sts" ,
s of
nd
t
e o
he co
s C t , cod C
C 1
0 0
o eld
,
C 0
C
0 e ,
V
t
0
d h
0
t
n e o
t
0
C C ,
rat
erl Co er ce o
e
C
C
o r
0
o l
e n
nd en e
•
T
t n el
2- 22 ,
, "' e
0
s ,
e d
rt
u e
cco
e loc 1
t e elo ed
Terr eor o
1857 • 284 .
C
1
te
11 o r
0
rs ,
0
y t
der ,
0
a P
s
s
56
consciousness of its relation to the superstructure of the
~ethodist Church at lar e and an awareness that it was a
part of the whole . This solidarity worked a profound in
fluence on the church and its people and was one of the
nstruments b which atthe Simpson, lacking in some of
the traits ordinarily ascribed to orators , nonetheless became
the preeminent orator of the church .
The Be inning of S mpson's inistry. he oung
. tthe S m son as in the est, but not entirely of it .
e as reatl influenced by the character and ractice of
t e western church--he eulo ized t e e tedly or half a
c ntur --ye he as ever propelled a rom it, ever iven
ov r o thetas o lterin nd can n t, of chipping
at he ge frontier ston , slo ly sh pin t to the con-
ours of enli ht ent a civiliz on . lt o h h
ole 1 d dica ed his 1 o the h rdships of he circuit
er, th n h e months 1 put aside h s ddle b gs
d sold h 0 , nd in ars h s ped out of
e a o en v r tor urn .
ut o hat aturday orn n in pril, 183 , a he
stood look ng o er errine's h sonly a young e tern
t nerant , enamored i h h m est of his s h lls
ad oods, d cone med t t peopl like r. errine ( horn
e pbra ded at breakf st th follo in mornin) be
57
nreli ious .
29
He was soon to know the joy ul triumphs
and bitter defeat s of the youn preacher h se whole sensi-
t ve be n is attuned to public erformance . t St . Cl i
ville on
do.y morn ng s soul took cour e and he spoke
i th "consi .. ere.- ble liberty, n to a "1 rce co • re ation," but
that rainy ni ht the e w re fe e ers" to listen she
'al ost ent rely eiled .
11
toh ,
ow 1 ttle t.,OOd am I don
'
•
to ho li tle urpose a I liv 1 feelin s seemed to
ur ,e me not to tr to s e k , because I could do no ood .
30
d t u be an h s it n r nt n stry.
n 18 4 0 a o lon er f on r ta e . e
ort rs arlier 0 uncle'"'re ore t nd c ed
a r s, t ... e e re no ore ar sand elds 0 r n ,
ro
t
ah
he
fro.
t e
( e
sand c n 1
31
C d z red
•
rom tt u , a eub
ton ... ennsylv a, by a
n ted on 0
e e to
e , e
co ne
9
an _lle .
2
e
re 0 0 and a
o ulat on 0
• roo _s , T e
r & rot rs , 1
, 18 4 .
pp . 9 - 95 .
t_ e
•
unctio t e oad 0
le,
. t
t at rom
0 ; llsbu , n a .
h 11 C z , n 1
t
re_
e 10 , 000
al llion o e t an
c uset and Connect·cut,
, p .
l la1-ad
b- eu en old
(vleveland . · e
o _ _2r-th m rica (1819] , edit d
ester r~vels , 748-l n46
Compan , 1905), 05 .
3
enr
rto e ,
d on, ,
vollections o s:
, .
hat had been th
astern edge of the new American state
33
as no near the center ot population. The ethodists
had gro n to be the mot numerous religious body in th
Stat , having in 1835 over 70,000 connnunicants, ne ly 500
meeting houses, and many other socie ies.
34
In con equenc of thi gro th the hards11p ot th
it nerants as much amelior ted. S
son liked to rememb r
that he had begun circuit d r nd hi 1 ter dmirer
referred to hi e tern or1g1n,
35
but the tarth st ot hi
th t -~our appointm nt
a not mor than
nty iv mil
distant fro Cadiz , nd H rri en County, r r rom bei g n
uninhabit d 11 ern
, in 183 bo t d
po ul tion bo
20,000 people nd dj c t Belmont Count , into ic
circui
non th 1
nd , had
, in the
trappings of hi
or
OS O h
b ilt in th vill
rly 30,000.
H ro
nn r nd tr ition, and it
th r •
C 1 g 1 C
11
0 0
0 i
bro h ' t
1
h,
h
ho
I
0
n th n h m t hi con eg ti n 1
,
nd on on
occ io, th
congr g tio b
r 1 r g , h pr ch d
33
t
68
,
ederic Jc n r, Colon z tion ot
--...--...;~ Historical _R ___ , XI: 03-327, J nu r, 1906.
t,
3
Cal b t at r, W"'I"'--- o th
(Cincinnati: 01 z n, 18 3'C57.
3
Crook, o. cit., p. 93.
36
Ho , o. cit., I, 887, 306.
State of Ohio
----
59
tot em out of doors and "had considerable liberty.' He
introduced preaching into ~orristo n , peaking n the scho 1
iouse rhic , located near a hotel, attracted the lod ers ,
some o· whom ere "tipsyn and in a controversial mood . e
~as once mis irected
d travelled thi teen m·les i nstead
o seven , o er " very bad road,
1
the
used hims lf by
"exan1 nin the strata o:f limes ton , coal, etc., " and arr ved
t b s appoint ent
n tie
or p e C
n
•
One
onday mo
n n
broke loose
nd e
ssed an
po nt
nt ve
.il s
d st nt . ie oke somet e
n t e morn
pecielly
on
s nd so et es
t 0
o'clock
n the a t
rnoon , f
e l en 1
t e
evenin
t
t llo
c nal
or a 1
0
ht .
n
ht ,
le"
V n out" t
e h , he necked do
the
candle
nd
t e 11 ht
t ce
he kne
h
· ·ord 0 he
C
n e
as
1 ere t e
C ndl e co ld 1
d,
hes
proceeded
t out
•
.. co
e ence .
'
e Vivi ed
d co
ol
d the
C , 1 t ca S 0 pro b t on
e er
1
1
t
n C
c er o
e t od st
or OS ec e
he te
1 t
et od st
It
.
,
lb.
o ...
on] clo e,"
ed
s p a s
1
teed
0 e
r
OU t ei
0 bus ne , no e
t
neo
le o
one co
t er
'
ene all
o po ed to
t
er
nee soc
., t
s on account
0 t e lue C 0 a e
tille
s .
"
He et h
cl sses, e t on n e 0
t
r
t
'te O ~
r ce
11
xhort n them to sal t on, con-
,
n
,
60
ducted love-feasts (test mony meet n s], helped to conduct
at o-week reviv 1 ~eetin- , and assisted in est blishing six
37
ne I societies .
~eh ve no descriptive fragme t of th s early preachin ,
save is o fn testi ony tat , like his fathers , he pre ched
only ·or results , belie n that ,
38
he ust e men cone ted , n t e
the peril of h s soul,
ord of rel tive ho
tone o is rlie t serons , be ore e
.
ren em ere t a
ad e ter·ea
lor· o sl
e t er c , s cous n , e Si p o , ras
ert d , 1 on ev nd arose sous o
39
to 1 hty od . Tete ts . ch ~e chose ·1ect
e i en e
· le one
os vene so l
t. t .
e te t ,
rs-
..
u a
ot t e is
c tteret .
e e e o d o
.. e r t I
- t
...
t 0 s
ue
n s ,
e 0 from
t e n he tat t e et
e net da n t ... e ome o
e C ro e b cal
.. d 11 un rs n ,
. ht b
V n O t
nd r e s C
•
e s
ot 1 1th
es a on
e , B t
the po 1 e
h el e
ro t e
ole
t ems,' or God et t 0 elo d son , t t
7
crook
•
67 , - 97 . ro
a tob o
ap 1 r o r 1, 1 5 - ,
83
38
0 , . , p 1 2- 3 .
C 00 , 0
•
C t •,
p 90 .
•
61
whosever believeth on h m m i ght be savedJ'~ "In whom we have
redempti on through h s blood, even the fo ,iveness of sins,"
and "Bein now justif ied by h s blood, we sh 11 be saved
from wrath through. him .
11
lthough there as no" eneral
revival,' 't ere wee ersons co verted at many o the ap
po ntments .'
40
He ;as et e ely sens ti~ to rs onse o s
a ·to s , re ·o cin , ov rte" oodne s of od' en e ad
led ,
"41
der le 1 e
our n t t h
o t c1 cou a n
n spea i , a1d ,
r ts 'co pl tely s
o t n s ole
e rs t e , ·· eks • n
n e
th n e .
n 1 C
0
thee
he d ct on o c 1 cl ,
se .ons , ' f 11 o t ou ht o ore 1
C d
P e
n
co an th ne on . ' -he e t o d
cour e
1 t t oun c cut
•
e
e ad 'nor ht to t
n d nd to u
• • •
ho h s k e 1 p n 0 C 1 00
c-
r
r
e
ee 1
r ·c
o sue n could be e 0 d o
e
ce e
t n ra c or
on
1 'ano e s on ,
and con nue is spe
s a '1 oc el e c er .
1
....
ome
· o rt t e 1 t e r , e • n
ed on o h s colle e on th
40
roo s , 0 p . 70 5- 6 . e t a e
OU d ,
es ec
•
ve e 23 , G 1 tio 2 , , .,/ , s , 0
•
l
,
1
Colossie 4 .
,
,
41
bi 9 . ,
•
62
circuit, a oun minister serv is econd ye r i the
conference , to preach or him • . is thoughts ere 'crude and
d sjointed,' nd e "mur ered the k n ., s ~n 1 sh . " i p O ,
'deeply mo1,tif ed" , h d h s ead beh nd e pul t ," droppin
t lo ·er and lo
ern
as he l o o e .
_e
as cha rin
·and ve ed" 11th the oe
...
om ce, ut cued o is 0 d s-
cou
ent . lt t t o lo e the 00
0 C in oo, cold d C 0 .. •
2
,
_ ollo .:. a no e s
'
e C r ed
t 1 OOK n t t r 1 n tl cont
•
s t
•
So e s t e
1 0 S 0 nse o t
C 1 e t t d n 0 e
0 e , r
C C
e 1 . 1 0
0 cu 0 0 1
or co C 0 0 0 0
1 tu 1
t
0
' el c t
e t t
C CO e
o e S C n dv e t
42
•
6. on
Crooks , o . . t ., p . 70
--
7 •
63
from peaching , but o one of his rounds e "providentiallyn
had an interviet w th a Hicksite uaker
s cian "wh o ras
enerally represented to be an infidel . " The youn it ne ant
ur6 d upon the hysic an the one quest on h ch seemed most
to trouble hi : 1th his poor h alt
1
nd
s 1 1 e n d nger,
s ould e continue i the minist y? Te phys c n e 1 ed,
caut ou 1 , t t "on the reli ou qu s on e
o e~p ess ~is lf;' b t t t o far s ealt
not I s
sconce n d,
t
t
0
an could o no
se th n than tor dee ht to
l e s an
o p e ch one e a d y . ' To
. psor t
... t
• •
• ode
d of
od •
e 0 enc
e r olve
0
ollo he couns 1 .
44
0
C '
C
th
nu 1 t h
of
, e n J
at
•
as n o,
e
•
0
0 ,
C d e
t
d s V
V
C n
0
te
or ( t
oll
e
s
, a e a 1
1 1
0
D
quentl ,
n s
t
C C
o col c
11
a
)
1
C
u n o e o
0 0
•
c o
ce
U 0 h
,
1 ed
he p r
d n elde
0 h
on ent ad
• 68 .
d
64
had requested "a healthy re on, not far rom home . u Ee
hastened to add , ho eve , tat hew shed "to take h s pl ce
amon Lis breth en," and so sou ht no pecial f' vors . The
presidin elder assured im that he had n•us t such a circuit
as ;o ld be best" ·or him .
t e bistop, ar from iv n
fe days later he e rne that
ma he lt_ , out-of-doo r c _cu
ad ass ned to no c r cuit at 11 but to th i tsbu h
st ton
•
s u 0
rl d te t ur s kno n o the
0 bov C s bl ro r
to
ha
e t
en -ct
th t u
ell r . ct o d n y and nci n loo se,
, t t OU 1 n u u b , o 1 t i on o 0
nd n e e o e t e o t isco-
,
t
o, 0
al
n
U C nt
0 S p 0
1 . '1
t s e 1 so e
•
6
_ ob act o
p on
e
C d
t d
•
2d . w
t ot
.. o e ,
0
t
1 es , oo the s
oo , .£....· _ c~
on h d r c
o et
nd
e o
ch ,
tt
p . 97.
tt bur
e C n s
n
•
t
ol
d
o on o
7
0
ntr s
65
ittsburg tation . rr vine in ttsbur h, he 1as
mes Vener ( h o received b one o f the ..
1
ethod sts , ,.r .
•i tr in a year ,oul d be cone his
that even n to prayer meeting
t er-in-law) , and conduct
t Sith ield Church . On
the ir t unday , h s collea ues not v n ived , e
re ched i the mo nin t m th i ld and n t e ev nin at
- b rty t eet Cuc . nd tu e n out ne of pre ch-
, , le in class eetin nd pr yer
o in ns v t s sc reel co p eh n ible t
s c e .
1 e .,
·e e our churc e n the ch
·n te s .
1 1 ld
of
e
e t o 1 e r c
cs on t
p ,t 0
·c es
n t e
the c
b t , re c a
in
d
so
t
0
e
on too er
cods
or . n
, ht d
0
(no
a
c 11 d
re es o
0
0 t
e d
h
tsb
0
r c d at
) on
e
d
ee . 0
0 t O 0
so 1 .
a
,
e
e
C
n
e or 60 o e b o
ha
h o t
b t
rt
on
c ol r
t eet t
o ' clock in
ro er c to u
t t o , el cla
t . o ee 1
n , p _e ,.. c ed at
t
r
o e o
ree , re ched
a cla s
lf-pa t ten
ith "unusu 1 li erty , met another cl ss, attended sac a-
ment at three--a "ver ... solemn time'--, preuch d
ni ht .
48
a n t
c lled 1or
a ·sc pli e .
p e cribin
The heavy demands of the pulpit
re i n of' time, for a s rictly mpos d sel -
is over- cute
d routine of
nse o duty he as soon
ily or{, and las in
66
.
1 · for fa lures. In th m nner a p o ed by 0 e ley,
l
e .ose t an e rl our , ro OU to · ve 0
1
loc , ud d
cal a d eo o 1 t ers unt 1 en o ' cloc ,
t en "ed self i tr C 11 n on he o le . e
s
•
l. le ee e t ent 'in ul or e ,
1 te
•
ch elt u t bl fo se 0 S a n ed
0 te s or 11 0 to C 00S t t
, e o '"eleto ' n on
•
e
o do om
'
r 1 n t a
d 1 C ence--o C s
t
0 ,
0 r e n d 0 a d
I d n 1 o e oo 0
0 a 0 n 0
0 0 on
P e
ton h ad
1
e t
nd tu tor nd e u n ly
fo
t 'CO pa 1 1 ht re 0
•
r
8 ... b
__ .,
• ? } 8 .
67
-afterwar s he remembered that" (I] studied on my
eet" ,
d
"foun J y sermons amon th s ck nd poor , in arret s and
n cellar.:> . '
n the pulp t e d d no e p ct to 'do much,'
so ever vhe e he spoke to men 'of esus and his love,"
e pect
b to
na l e sure to m ke bett r sermons .
1
s e ons, th
b t e hor tions .
e r n r s
d " 1
t, 'ere ot re lly sermons at all,
8 u Ol et es
"f rs 1 r-,
d
con~ly
'{
en o the
V
d
- · ons ,
e
or he ad
0
n so e
'
e
t · e
t c son scr of
n old
e •
n 9
C
t
t
t e C
t
C
m e or o
n , o ev r , .
0 C p US •
to _ze
0 ,
t 0
0
d o t
t
0 ,
o en ,
n , n u de
,
t
0
the a 1
ul d v -
0 e
e CI
s ncl e to
n
11
e f ct el .
0
e
1 ,
a a
0 S 0
f 0
o ces--
0 •
1
te p
nto
on o h tu
e
e o ot
( 0
0
0 0
e 1 d o t or
s lf-- a 1 be 1
n ed, st te ol
p . 7-9 •
p on, o . c·t., p • 162-3, 1 4 .
T ncle I. a tthe h o ans ·ered his nephe ' s nqui es nd sug-
ested interp etat ons of the sc pture n lon exe et · c ~l
ccoW1ts . Ie adv s d t 1at , o such tor es as aul and
t 1e vi tch o · ndor , the roun eacher use an turalis c
nte _et t on 1hich 10 l d be
11
tt nded by l er d ff -
cult es th n any other . ' or a m·ss onary se on he su -
e ted t e propos·t on(\ c e rs to co e ould p ove
0 e th m son) th t r ose t 0 ve not
68
e C p u in nor nc
r ... o
d er h n those
0
"
av • e cut on d s ne e a a ns t u t t
0 o e
11
0
0 ,
C
b
• • •
t
1
n
0
' 0
"1 ne ·
e
a
C 0
ot
n
d
1 'occ s O 11
s
0
..,
0
• • • •
out
ot
a o
n C
1
i cl ne
o t e
od c on nd concl so 0
e er o 1 d
t e n on
o· t t t e oun
o cal e
on
1 z d o
0 0
e o
o nt
1 e
o t e
C ,
n
0
0
s) ,
e C • o ts r d r ct dbl t , cle 1 de e
0 •
0
t e
27 , 1s~ ,
Ll•, . i
•
att 0
· t e 1 tt
on, ct . 4 , 18 4 ,
1 o n Coo ,
69
to make the .intemperate see themselves in a most unfavorabl e
lint, nd consequently, to ct.
1 . v ere are ou 3oin?
2 . Do you not bel eve there is poison in the glass?
3 . Look , ir t, at your com anions.
4 . TooK t your property .
5 . Look at your m oney .
6 . ook at ou fe .
7 . oo at your ch ldren.
8 . ook at yourse •
9 . Look t ou noor soul .
10 . o ou ask , hat shall I do ?
11 . o ou ans 1e r ' I oul f I
ro t s oment) . You r
·as only able ' (stop
51
le throu h Divi est en t •
rob bly cal 0 bl pre c •
.
n an outlin on at - s
' ... t
ain 1v·s ans : UJ.e 0 ,
-
n o
'
or ,
, anner . e t 01 these po she
evo ed it"on , int oductory techn ue
, ich ,
vith
o e 0 tions , e used t OU
s co e
sin :
of or
• •
o e
as
a e
n s o
l s .
•
u
•
t t ee po_nt s ,
ven ov to
el OU 0
od .
• •
•
e
·nes
C
evoutl
hot h r
a number of
e sn
3
1 ... or
:e e
· e
• • •
l es ,
C n scr pt u al ass es an
er n
r wnen
ss
s
e
ell
· c 1 stor es of ob , 1 ah , .oses, n Je u •
51
:or o a
t , ovember 14 , 18 4 .
C r r .
or
u
on,
the
ref
70
notes hich rema n sho th the enlarged simple themes of
tis sort with a blunt urgency, a naive irectn ss. peak-
in o th tcpic 'Time shall be no l onger," he said to his
cone e ation :
re 'e prepar d? eme. ber t me shall oon be no
lon er--This year is nearly one and ith t hav led
many nopes oys. hould t his year close your 11 e
how would i t be it you? -od e soon sa to you
Tie sh 11 be no loneer . T ou ool tis ni ht sn 11
thy soul b required o .c• thee . T e lady J • nc at he r
to:lette-- 'ar·ent fell in the ulp t. here ii l l ou
be n snot e year , so_ e r ... re , so e ab. oa , o'lle s · ck,
o e d n~ , so~e i he en , om i n ell--1 every
second , then in 2 hours 24/6 /144 880 have died
since ·e c me e e . undreds h e lle 'hile [i)
ha e been e ortin , 1 sten to their vo ces , one c e s
Glo to G --another ••• Gh od c n ' ie--1 ,, ' t
die & u es t s n h s Mouth . Oh ! S nn
T me sh 11 be o ••• no ou may re et , o
you ay es ve~ . ! ve to t . 5
ouple h he d ice ne tness o the roun rop t,
and the
II
i. et ous rush" of i spe ch-- r en e s
I a i
· e c te ent t 0 o en ~le out o s
4
--th e 0 s ma. a e pro d s rply n e 1 in o out
.th
th
ens i 0 e r ers , the a e arou e
le people n h s co 0 t U S 0 el
•
sco r in .
he real po er O.L s s eech , o e e , ob 1
not · ti ated in h outl · nes i c re a . • ese r ents
ar
ut na"' ses
r er p e rn n t o the
11
a pl c tion . " 1 1 d · t 1 · e y . ere r e e _._n ve, e e e _ ca ,
3
Ib d ., '
54
crooks ,
i 1
0 •
,. 11 e no lo... e ,
it • pp . 90 , 91 •
• d .
71
argumentati ,re. No doubt young Simpson, who found his sermons
"a ong the sick and poor, in garrets and in cellars , " early
acquired the practice common to western preachers of re
inforcing argument 1th dramatic narration .
Some of the Pittsburgh sermons were regarded by a
55
youn friend as "very moderate , " but on the whole Simpson
ust have been successful . Dr . Sellars, prominent layman
in the church, and brother-in-la of Bishop Emory, cEtlled
h s oun p stor
11
b shop,• and predicted a great career
for him .
56
The young man ho served 1th hi during the
first year t ittsburgh rote, You 'drive ahead' I am
oo e like a' ounded snake to dra m slo length alon'
after you . So it 11 b in scalin ' The ount of scienc
and the ount of fame' i ev r I scale it
o an 1 his churc, fearin that he oul
t
67
11-- A
remo ed at
Conference to anoth r charge, add essed a 1 tt r to hi ,
sa ng , " • • • thou hast been the eans of reel in on
o the lost sh p of sriel. I shall n ver o et th many
happ ho rs I have s p nt
t y vo.ce .
58
1st sett n under he sound of
55
Ib d., p. 90.
56
120. Ibid., p.
57
impson, ss. ,~. cit.,
ov .
2 , 1835 .
[illia ] Hunter to S mpson ,
58
rb d., Sarah atterson to Simpson, July 12, 1835.
The spelling is that of the original.
72
Return to ittsbur h . t the conclus on of his irst
ear, Simpson preprred ith some feel n of rel ef to move
to another char e--for he ~as bout to exhaust his sermon
ideas . Long before con!erence he bee::.an to speculate on tl e
place to which he woul be sent , an asl ed .1·or ncle at t e '
opinion on Bi in am .
9
for onong ela C y (no
t Conference rumor set h m down
llia port), a stat on not fr
from ittsb rgh .
pl e sed ~ith
o e er, th peo le at ert utr et, ell
try , s nt petit ons and a ele~ 0
to the b shop, t pson be et n to the . •
Tl e b . q hop i st el e to he 0 he con re tl n,
ten uddenl , the ni ht be o et e clo e o C
cn r,n
ed s m nd n se tl uoon uudson, •a
1 tl ce
ne r e la e
r ere
nearl · 11 re resb t
'
0
·ord
r s .
C d the bert tree C al , they d sp ch a
le ter ich the b 0 rec ed
•
e 0 e of
0 t t
•
e h
t_l
C lled ther t e es r
and
n es later re d o m 0
'
e or y
tree
•
e rr n e e at an o r n , Charl es Cooke
ould e C ar e o e ur chu C e , 1 s t
t o 1 r e con·re t on 0 1 C oose 0 V d
•
n
case
on ·old be pl ced t ert tree , oo e t
,
9
fb d., Uncle a h Simpson to pson, Ju 17, 1835.
60
Ibid., July 31, 1835.
73
Smithfield . It was reco ended that there be
frequent·
exchan e of pulpits-- an rran ement hich , allow ng the
nisters to 1epeat the r sermons , would be a conven ence
tu both ~nd almost
requis t to the success of the JOun er .
impson , o~eve , became t
center,
not t e ict m,
o a r t e r · it t r an
rolo e en rch uarrel . The co
e-
at on voted to d v ae, but umit
eld-- p r tly oping
to l·ce t e ival cu ch t a d ad t
u ed to
rece e the
oun~e r an nto ts pulpit .
onet eles , t e
• V • S
n Ol. e er roved to be bou q
1, n fe
·e s so
•
s enw t·n
to n s
3
t . t
l e
ec
•
ve o e e be
,
s l n
d
t d, 2d
• • •
COl re ation r s 1 e
s
r . d, I e n
~ tt h d r e ds
•
• •
0 C s d to be
0 to n er in the
C
• • •
5 h our las
ra r e r s a e
el n
-0
. t
bl
6th
1
• 61
•
r in
C n s r 00
•
t
0
0 n 1 con ssed od stly, t av n
C
u 1 t
on a , •r t
t old
o_
0 t 1 or he con re on '0 e h sam e on
0
to
dd es
em o e h
ce .
,62
1
Croo s, o
• Ct ., • 112 .
62
• 11 • Dece
14, 18
74
n the all o 1835, s ortly a ter he be ·an
is second year at ittsbur ·h , nd urn · the third year o~
is ministry, mpson
s marred to 'llen }oles Vern r ,
dau hter o one of h s p r·shioners .
no d te ls of' th m ri e or cou ts
on Tue day , ove e 3, 18 5. L.
a t e - o - ct 1 anne r
h
12 to
0 r
s ying
nd
red
u
• • • or u
,
s r tin ·s cont n
ve a bri
he entry n
note ,
very
oun
r dden ' out
n of .
c-
e co
nt he co -
n e
ued, '
·ted n
u d t
t OU
me
ernoon , nd at
o ' cloc as
ony o
s J len
•
r . • .
e
of
n
u t l t
enef c 1 n
ae ee o or elv s
6
h room ·a
so
a r
t
e C C
0 ... s a t ,
0
0 t
ec ed to
l" 0
11
r
•
0
s
0
t e
.
1
h
OU
0 ,
ldo
V en o
0 1 t
t dur
h e
•
1 .
64
OC . C t •
continued to be providence.
i htnin · struck the house in
hich he boa ded, nd that portion o the house in whic he
1 · ved , but "pro · dent al y" he
snot in .
65
H
as ret rn-
n fro~ campmeet n
hen the diver of h shack , ch llen ed
by no e
n C n
b oke d ro ed t
C { 0 th
s nos s . The r ar axle
round ut 'prov de ti 11
he o ses topt
no n ury
su t ned y us--
--
e
d f red so
d io
ro h s oc ety
e 0
e ,
th
S 0
over-
e e
not
th
ss on
o .
0
ct on or
0 0
t e
7
• • •
cc
,
0 0
C
0 , t e
0 n 0 0 C
0 o e
, re de
C
0
s
e
n
11
0
0
n
0
0
•
e
e
1
•
C
0
0
o l
d
son o ncle
he
on,
,
C O r 1 ,
8 6
on to ncle
e
p on , au
8
75
66
76
or being unable to 'conquer this wicked heart.
0
Recognizing
his over-sensitiveness to results, he condemned himself for
havin 'backslidden."
with all I do and say
"Selfishness," he said, "is so mingled
1168
• • •
But it as not his preaching alone that troubled him.
He did not live enough in the "spirit of prayer and self'-
e .. amination.' He conversed "too freely respecting the im
perfections of absent p rsons,
11
he did not vi it nou fro
house to house, h did not tal nough pon 11 ious sub-
ects ." He scoured his lf or fa lur to rite regul rly
in his diary, he thou ht him elf' a strange co pound--no
11
full of ood ishes and d si1 es-- ga n., lost to all eel-
s of s ir tual bit on. Occasion lly he enume a ed
d nces,' irst., indol nc --I do not 111 up my
t e as c e 11 as ought. Secon 1 , T midit --I uff r
s lf for fear o 0 endin eopl to have tie run
a h as it OU t not to
•
I pr y too 1 tl , & V S t
00 l , and n I do first do not conver s closely
a
OU t
,69
• • •
T sou ce o th s u r nsit v n s o his o
co n s
doubtl ss mult le. h ash so
sho
on 1
pos d
e
ss and nc nat on o con o to the au horit
on
•
I look C t our nfancy ch ldhood
are
68
Crooks , o
rom is o
t., pp. 97 , 98, 115, 116, 117.
--~
5 6.
Items
69
Ibid pp . 99, 116., 117.
77
and youth," his Uncle attherv wrote to him, "I cannot remember
as ngle instance in hich you manifested the least stuborness
rebelion or the least contempt for my opinions advice or
.,70
authority. • • • This same obedience he transferred in his
young manhood, from home to th church and the christian
teach ngs . The standards of the church as he interpreted
them--allo ing himself but minimum circumvention through
rat onalization-- ere e actin, rigid , ifficult of attain
ment . They called for a methodical adherenc to schedule,
or a r imentation o time hich , in all his long 11 e,he
cold never ach v, but o ads h ch he never c as d to
as re . t illiamsport, to c he
t do
s e oved r hi s
t 1 u h, h n o 0 no e- second e
ooks , a ch 0 1 discipl ne, 1 stin irst t
s ould ef an fro, nd second, a I shoul do . e
shoul neve n u th f ngs o y per on, he should
's e
v 1 of no on, nor should he ive y to s n
or jocos sp r , o tot lk on un mpo ub ct, or
o en
e n 1 n t
nt m tes .'
71
nth ot
s on
nd,
th m
should
11 and
seat
pos ible
e
?Os
rch 17,
e er
•
and
i
son,
8 . S
n
p
p
1
ction toe
•
11 ur
y 0 hou
•
1 a s
er conver
atthe
unctuat
71
rooks, o. cit., p . 84 .
ed tio s
ours 1th u 1
to hou
I
t lk
endeavor 0 iv a
tion.
• •
(never]
p on to S pson ,
n e ori n
•
suffer the convers tion to turn upon me
to p ay for hum lity ••• if pparentl
thankful to od •••• 72
78
•.• If com: ended
successful , be
s i t ·s ,ere not bu den enou h for ortal man , e
tun d over 11 · s a e nd wrote under the top c I e ds of
T
a
0
loo
X
Do
la
u
0
r
n tion , ucn que tic
1 it o.
bl
• •
n o
plac
• Do
as
er? ••• C n think o
1 e ore ol • •
ent. • • • s y
ections upon ny
1 1 under a vie
& un ulness • • • 7
ec , t n , n of c a s, a m eans of'
i sel1 oft e d shor co
1 con~equ tu o 0 0 st rd e
s ov 1 s , e 0 1 ,
o n 1 n s,
0 s lts n ec u
s no 0 0 , oo , e
e d d n co nc 0
e
0 0 C le 0 ers
e a t
h C 0 t t e
oc ould e oon 0 hi C a
• 8 •
, .
y
et
0
n
n
79
nad sai th the could rite but th the coul~ not declai m.
t J'.t he a rejected
e voc'-1tion of 1 because 1e could
ot s
{. o th is .le ll o · churcr.J11en l.1.e · t ted n gr t -
1n im a license to preach b c us the doubt d ris ability
act u t hav i hed av 1 upon
in the ulpit.
74
T s
t e o t .. 'ul count
rec er , trust , she a , into a
c · t c urch .
dd o
quar
0
c ul
, it its n
t e i t C ,
e cted t
or
oun
t t con r
urc , epen d
s e co r
er . o ,
d . c
b tr a
q en 1 1 s ec e C 1 re
•
a 0 a
1 0 •
n ett
74
• •
7
Croo
0
co
e
7
er.
•
h ve s v
en 1
0
co
00
• 11 .
C
• •
ion ,
s
11 ults
n r
t
e
lts
d n
0 y 1
e,
80
I am still tryin to ove orw rd in the d i scharge of duty
and I eel none
scour r•ed as ye • '
76
otes in is jou 1al
n , hich h
d onished himsel to e re o pra se and com-
A end ton, or others in lh ch he -belabored msel o too
uch conversat on sug
0
st t is peo le nust have esteemv
i
i hly bot_ n the pul t e soci 1 c rcle .
1
requently e ote that e l e c ed t 1 berty• o
rote to
I • t
SU 1 1 be ,
1
he c
•
C 0
e s
ult
0
co
1 ( · n on
0 00 ) ,
a o one occ sion
h t
e co
t e e
ch h s b
e
C d
OU d 0
loo o
U t 0
0
0
u d
t
0
•
•
ot
bb
con
e oa
eo 1
son to ncl
p_ • 106- ? .
1
n
,
T t .
o o e n
ce cou e o tu y
eport e e
con ucte c asse
. t e pson ,
s
0 t
81
and love- easts, board meetin s and quarterly conference , the
1 tter bein scheduled at le st on one occasion at ive
o'clocl-- aturda mornin , an hour so d. ssat sfyin to the
residin lder that he e used to attend .
78
He studied
F ench an
'"'
-erman pronunc tion (h vin lread obtai ed a
0
0
'in no led e o them), nd pon o ed the est bl s n
e ch n se vices n Ge n· a zed a omen's
• •
1S r oc ty, an ss c tion o oun en th r om
t eac
ad "n
o ene~
e
boo
or o
, n e
to ns•
C
t
et
OS
or n
0
o
1
d ec the n he r course
t t i t or mo .rl d
•
or t e et od st
tsb
t
of
ter 1
h (
11 t e ot
t cle
or t n
ct h
res ons -
or c urc
rea us c n ol en
t e
at C 0 h or o o, to an
or
e cu
0
e 0 0 C 1 ter
d o · e d
•
e up
c s 10 la ve · ae or e
e e o th co e c curse of tud or t e
115, 11 .
82
youn
ministers.
80
summary of that course cives some
idea of the surprisin ·ly rigorous tra ning expected of the
candidate for ord n tion in the ittsburgh nnual Conference .
ach of his four years he as to study the bible, ith com
entaries and notes• at var oust mes he must read lesley's
sermons , atson's ible Diction ry and hi Theolo ical
nstitutes; he must study church story, bible istor~ , and
the disc pline of the ethodist hurch; he must m ster Blair's
d, each year to prove h s ability i n composition,
m ust subm ta ritten sermon . In add tion to these studies
immed tely rel ted to the pulpit , he was gi v n to rea ooks
n eo aphy, zoolo y, o ny, or 1 nd ol ic 1 p il sophy,
m or 1 sc e ce , lo c, natural ph losophy , and che stry . On
al l of t ese stud es t e c ndidate as
11
requ red to under o
strict ex m at on , not erely on her ha red, bu
s hese ct ties e e not
enough, e ly in s cond ear t ttsbur , Oun · mpson
de e ded to co plete is o k for the accalau te de re
ter , t lle heny ollege . - em de nq r o ar n
SO I d ., pp . 78-79 .
a'ments .
lso ,
81
ourse
acco t e her t
or one ch
----- _____ ,
t
course o
ed .
mpson , .SS ., m .... scella eou
ept ber 5 , 183 , p . 7
snot clear from the
stud is that n use
83
president , and was immediately offered an honorary degree.
This he refused , for he felt that he was entitled to a
regular academic recognition of his studies. In consequ nee ,
he arr nged to o to llegheny for t he last month of the
school term, in order to enroll and be examined . t bout
th st me one of th members o h s church , r . Sellers ,
su £ested that, r ther than take leave o absence from
his pulp t, he apply at estern Un versity in ittsbur
•
he p es dent of th t s tut on , at r exa n n him in
a prolo ed conversat on , conclud d hat e ad learned
1 d
11
82
uch o e than heir co lee equ re • ea ran or
mpson to en o 1 for lee s n mo al sc ence , n
.
o eet t e fo 1 requ r nt of bein as udent of th
school· e egree old be r n ed h at the a pro c n
co !ITlencemen •
t th s unctur here occu d er s s n on'
career h c nd ct d the course o action e ould be
rone to ta e n t e ars h c la ahe d of hi •
t t e prosp ct o t kn h sunder r du de ee
le sed
thout
e necess
o le v n s c urch, e sat do and ro e
to
e "dent
ter o lle h ny, ellin o the c rcum
ado his consequent dee son to ttend h
nst tut on n
ttsburgh . e d ys 1 ter e
2
Ib .• , • 8 .
e an
much
nces
surprised to receive in the mail a letter from
84
ter sayi n
that the Board of rustees had met and conferred upon him
the de ·ree of
• •
The act on , Ruter explained , was ta_en
because "I felt dissatisfied with the plan o your oing
to the ittsburgh Seminar for a degree : for reasons I have
not time to
To S
un elcome .
ention int is communicat
0
83
on .
mpson the honor as W1e cte an
I e felt that he as ent
tledn
to
some hat
a re ul r
colle e de ree, not an honorary one . t once he consulted
th r . ellers, h s friend nd c t cal adv ser in the
chu ch, a d r . Ch rles 11 ott, h s fo er eacber t
uad·so olle e . oth en ere n lly opposed to is
ccep n t e de ree, or at lea t ro o ed th he accept
t , but proceed 1th s stud es t estern n versity . To
'ollo t cou se, the oun man 0 ted out, oul e 0
d . shn
or 1 0 C U ch nd ts d C tonal n t tution .
They
ere all bou ersuad d that he should cc pt e
de
ee ad ' b cont th 1 hen pr che rrived
ro
1 e eny t ne s h t the s e honor ad been
o ed
on lf e on, us c. ethod t re ch r of
t.
le
sand uscl er, 0 s hen se n a
et or the colle e .
a v ce , p
0 ed
8
mpson, o
o , eptember
t e d
,
so , r
not
to h s uncle or
h s n e cou led
s. impson o Uncle att e
84
along with lfred Brunson--a man in no way qua1,ified."
onetheless, he ve indication in the letter to
U ncle .atthew that he would accept the honor . Th ewer
to fundamental considerat ons, he rote .
"
at s my
:nterest independent of 11 ersonal feel n
?
and what .
85
s
t he
nter[est] of the church and seminary?' is own interests,
he bel eved , ere dependent upon the gu dance of rov dance.
So, e eso ved he ssu to he b sic ques ions h ch
ro 0 t 1 e ere .ost portant n dete n h s
co'rse of on: at er he open n s of rov dence.
a d at e t e n re ts 0 e
a videnc , elt , tat t e o er
ov· aent 1 . n t e ir 1 ce, e ad ad t 0
ee n a e re a lle e un 1 ter nd '11 0 t had
ed
•
o e , pro le t OC 1 C rch--
r erl d ca s nd o bu d nter-
ene
n 1 ble 0 o le V
•
tts ur
0 d ... .e 1
•
0 , 0 e er
1
0 le or 0 ... an 0
e en
a t e h c ... 0 1 q re at s rn
n e
. t
•
an e old e
a h N'
r d r e •
'
, ,
.
t ot
a
ro 1.
e n e of C urch, 0 core, s 0 s st n
8
OC. C t •
86
t e sem nary. '. ould t not be t eat ng h s own nstitut on
w th contempt f he ere to refuse the degree , or f he
ere to ccept it and ten study for a' lo er' one at
estern University? ould it not di coura e young friends"
and 'please the enem es o the church' 'if sc olars n the
bosom of the church des se the honors o he inst tution?'
nd yet here as the ch grin o sh r n ho ors 1th
---
ed
Brunson ! n ny event, he
85
rom ncle •
o e, he ou d not ct 1 he
. e h d e d
cle atth , t r C the o
s d h
cl
o er con
e ne d ee .
e
of h .
e • • •
ol 1
11 t o b
t e C
t
l t · o
e,
0
U C
ft
r t
85
LOC.
6
bid
1
fo run o ,
of h
, e oo o
0 0
ot
[ C ] 0
• • •
cor o e c a
t C US 0 0
reva led , fo
and elver
d e
n o
11
0
cl he po to
C
C
an a 1 1
ee
h !
01 s t h
0
r
co
e ,
0 ,
,
t 0
C -
0 ,
ec
C O r
t
,
,
,
87
throu
h the races of lle hen Colle e , atthe Simpson ,
A • ! .
Colle e eacher . The cident of t e
e ·ree epresent d ,
ho eve
e the he be n n no t e end o the oun
pre,; c e ' s ne ·ot t ons ith he coll g t eadv lle . one
ont s ea 1 er the a e t, 11 ed
B
ro f red h
a tuto sh
P, p
es
1 1th t e tl OU ht th t ·oul rov d
n o ort to com lete h ac d m C
•
t as
ot a ood de d
arles ,
h
of h
0 er t nt · 1 ct , 't
t pro
h
no
too 00, a or pson 0 co e n e 1 e
r o 0 11 requlr 7 lo
t d
• • •
c-
co. 1
0 1·s
d ,
I
a t
1 • • •
•
0 h
r
.
0 0 0
0
I
n C
t d e
0
7
1
0
,
t
,
0
0
d
a
•
d
0 ,
C
0
f
0 co 1 t 0
e
0
0 cc
7
~ d., C
1 0 0 so
a 2, 8..:J
88
ot her than prea.chin • then the four years ere up n 1837
he as a ·a im ortuned b the coll ge authorities . BB
The dee sion as a er t ical one . t the .Iethod sts
hono and preferment hereto ore had been with the chu ch ,
ot ·1th the educat on 1 int tutions . o othe major
rel · ious deno~in ton n er c d been so slow to reco -
s
a
ze t e value of educat on as had the .et odists , no other
d
ee so sus cos of a 1 rneu st
•
t s deno , n ton , e ed on J. e f
ont_e
, s
dl eb heolo
Y,
ad lon f el h t the fe r o
the nn n and he end of do
•
, 0 V , a t e ec 0
e on
•
1 t ..... e 0
st e , u he attl a s t
l r 1 pso
'
p e
•
0 0 t
0 a a a le r 0
0 0 0 t
89
•
e 1 d e C 1 an
C tt C 0 a no ous
1 OV r t he bu
o r 0 s
88
89
ro o s , op • c • ,
--
• 1
•
0 e t to
p . 127- 8 .
e c er
oole in
e Ord
le g
s t ould
e old
nces
•
ro
0 1 ,
0 t
ne r C
ri e
1 r
89
of' pages of required readin for the first two ye a r to be
2920 . So , he calculated , with 730 days in two years , there
~ere only so~e four pages per da to be read , and for local
preachers, who had four years to complete the course , only
t o pa
0
es per day 1 "Johannes" , n h s co pl nt , had led
for a return to "old I ethod s ', mean ng, of cour e, he
font er etr od sm of enera on before . ut S pson nt
bac to o
,
1
e ley.
at is ld et od s "he aske •
t
. s
no man e
-
e
a a es
does e the D p
•
u e- t e e ds e
.
t en o
0 rs er da --no all 0 r to re d
•
e e s 4 ho s 1 p
--
, tell i 0 n - pu s t not n elon
0
et 0 st re her c foun ho th 0
e call of t colle e s 1 es s bl
•
0 a he
s so , ce t n pro ssor p n n ural C nc ,
st ed o 0 h p lp t, nev r a o occupy t
0 e ent on C C t,
at a.
ta on, a ot 0
C
00 .at e 0 ov
•
sco re e
n u
0 h s e C n the ul t 0
oc
1 oc e
for he 0 t 0 de om n t on .
OS
son, ct . Fr ent ent le o r e o
•
V
T C ...
C
.
. lO Y1
1 i st · t
tions
of colle
te
nk rose
l oFly
•
ric u
.
n the
colon
1
eriod
nd he
st
~ 0 ec s 0 t e ne i;
e u 1
c .
1820 ,
r , e
pia , e hty
nstitu
•
ein
'0
1.ons
oun 0,
1830- 85
1
1
h . s
0 t
i 4 a
1
• au ,
SU e , 0
ettl t
0 ' t,
tra s - J le hen
t , d
te e
e o
•
.
n 1 r V 1 n t t e
ac
c urc s
e-
n
•
s ro
0 e e e ed
e
t e , n 11
d
•
nounc
.
t
rs
s n
'
t
n
u 0
,2
•
s t
ro in
t
eno 1
0 S 0 C
educ t·o
1 0 ra
t
t
o,
r
s ,
h
e
cc
s -
h
o l C e
0 h
1
0
0
n
coll
u 0
Coll
e
ch
0 e
0 s , Co
nd
•
0
mer Slo on, The
at Teach r :--r--~:---
---
r ,
•
91
Asbury, had been opened at bingdon , aryiand, in 1785 . 1he
first build ng as burned to the round in 1895 and a second
su ered the s me fate a year later . The church leaders
ound in this expe ence an expression of divine dis pprov 1 ,
nd so enture no o e into h here ucat on unt 1 ter
t e death o~ Bisho sbur •
4
y 1830 there ·e ou e-n colle es vest o he
.lle be :es, en of ich h d en ound d nd e econ-
rolled y he es er ans , he Con re tonal , the
p s an the 1 ans, nd ou b sta e o ern-
•
he e od s , vin
bl_s a cool 1 e C
so o to , o le g
bou 0 a C
0
h c
ec d
e t e
d ee
·oul
5
•
e
0
h
e
n o
e ·n 8
t e
,
enns 1
·o
0 e
t r n
te, a du e o
11 am arren S eet,
h e e t hodist Boo C
s cce
1 n
U 0
e
0
- or co le
nns 1
•
r n
0
t
re ,
er
n
col
n,
o er
Histor
e
92
director of a seminary in the ·, st . The colle e YI.as opened
·n t.e cl ssic 1 tradition it courses off red ·n lan u es
and mathom t cs, lo
6
ic and t eolo , but t h classes lso
:n the modern lan u ·es of French and
6
e man . T 1 e resident,
•l o ·a 1 kev·se o essor o the orient 1 lan ua es , ec-
7
clesi stic 1 1 ory, d t eolo y, not onl d r cted
a 1
tra ion o cl ses , but ra de uted by t
o sol c anc 1 s
t e 1 o toy nd ol
ta
"e ucce ded o
to t 0 ,ooo 1
bl coll t o n
1
0 C
( e
0
sk n, o •
0 t, d o ecure eq
.LO e 1 b
bl , o
t
0 l o
0
n
n
0
0 .
col c
0 0
1
10
•
- 10 .
y .
s e
•
C
1 b
, 0
e
ru tee
t 0
tter
b OU t
he o
0
e
so ·ortun te . The northwestern section o · the st te was
s rcely settled nd the school oorly ttended . fforts
to secure endo mien 01' a chair in m t mat cs b the r t •
order of Masons o e
an l o
enns lv n
, ad a chi
,
·n .1er an bJ the
nd the resb e
n
C re , 1 t ou .
t etic
iled,
th h
v nture ,
nd nom nall
cot ol,
o • e
o 1 e
r
alre d over
• t le t
clo d
0 e
1
9
ned n t st te · th
n 18 1 1 ~ n e ned n
18 en r n e nts e e
t u
0
e ce o
e
93
1
0 0 d
8 7
0
]
0
n o
o 1
•
ol
0
0
1 C
t
0
•
•
r
•
0
0
o eve
0
0
co -
,
11
•
0
all
0
s e
0
0
0
e ch . o
ed,
en rous than it as his h b t to ive ,
94
should not be the
least doubt ul of your rising i n eminenc eq 1 to any i the
u.s.' He su ~ested , nonetheless , that the oun2er man s~o ld
have on months p r ct ce in chemistry" and ' ithout tis
ho
ou could b in 'it er d t
am at a loss to know . ,lO
, eth or ot e them nt ' s p ctice th recor s
o ot e eal but th t,
•as v 1 le he m" e h
e o 0
th t 'andsome appa atus '
1 oratory s s ~ons · n~ e
tude t
_Q
dre s d
a
atte ed
1 e , e h had beco e sho . h 11 I
ore the ones o OU
t UC
If
0 C , te
and
fo e
'no yo
o es
e
0
on
ott d 1th t 0
1 so the ' et - oo
t r 0
C
, 1 e s ,
]
U ] 0
• • •
our re olut on
'
'
i e aper, 11
nd t e atu d
c] h the
C C •
rt n the
orn n
r ump- ,11
• • •
d a "l e elec
o 1 ed , r 1 ced t
s to 1 h rep
1 nous and a c 1 c et st .
112
t on, I
•
ncl tt e 0 to
b 22 1 7.
1
• •
er e 0
• •
2
roo , 0
•
C t . , p • 5
ch
,
e
C 1
on
95
u-oon a rival at the col le e , t ... e you.nc instructor found t t
...
he ~as to teach not only science and mathem tics, includ n
nav
tion and su_ eyin , but that he would be charged oc-
cas onaJ ly \I th ins t ruction in 1 ages . tone time he
noted in
s diar r that dail.,. hear · n cl ses in
_rench , ..,e an, a d Lat n , as ell as
th t or his o 'm bene t he had co
n add t 01 to t .J.s teachi load, e
tural sc ence , and
need studying hebre 1
13
s , sho tl a ter
tak n cl ar 0 s departne t , elect d tote ce-p es -
denc - and rthus assoc_ ated ore or les
• •
• 1n d n ra i e
..
d t
, 14
•
ecol e e oc u ied t 0
· 11
8 out 1
·1
0 . to ut one ses 0 0 s ours s eld
e C d y . l e ht cl s s n t ho e s 0 ,
te day o h rn s 0 t, and e a our to
plo th I C sou ces 0 1 ars n t e
p 0 es -.Jo need o e t n 0 he tud nts " ,
on o
later .
1
st
e 0 h 1 ,
not book o th l ect c
re n o r en, o le' s .. or n , o OS a
1 s
pson , o . ct ., our 1 ,
--
n 11, 18
17
8.
14
Croo s, o . t ., p . 1 O.
151
a., p . 1 5
--
r
et '
96
u merican ntiqu ti s and · iscover es in the .,est . There
were c reful a strncts o Calvin '
"Inst tutes" , th ci-
tation from h s comm nt rie and sermons , red n s from
lTo.nn . hitefield , Jonathan d rds , nd Lyman Beecher . 1
6
In
h s autob o rap ical n rr tive wr tten years later , B shop
~im son ec~lled th t the 1 br ry a
c.urch •qthers in qreek nd ~t n , h ch
collectio of the
prized h hly and
C'"' re
lly re d . ,l
7
e al o collected scr pbooks r th clip-
p ted des sch t tles s
II
d c 1 craps , bota y ,
C ... e t , er lo'-' ,
olo , eo ra.phy, stro omy , orni-
t olo zoo 0 , or p y , theolo c 1 , cl ss cal ncie t ,
clr, s c 1 1odern, ec a ical, theolo necdo , and
re
1
tee . n e re dt of h · ter s , nd he n s 1
co e of re , s na c -:-ted by s "Ind e or
1 ~7
h ts n te 1· t n s, such s:
nab s--not e o lo , bu b he sto es
C eauz on . Vol 1 p .
•
C e es t
•
ed 16 all t . ar s- - .o ,
s th be or 00
•
He oaotu
e
•
177
B
' s--re e le u n e
•
•
2 p • 157 .
1 used
I':: t · on ,
'
u
p . 1 0
s in 0 ental c t nee 11 tr ted
b C on
~ C •
ro n ' s en al ph 1 . v . 1
•
444 .
16
J OC C t •
l
7
Ibid . , • 1~ •
18
•
ote-boo s , In ex Rerum , 1837- 8 •
97
Occasionally his d ary or notebook indicate that he
as r rlectin u on the problems hich confronted h i m, or
attempting to evaluate his ed c tional experience . nThou ht
of a property of the angles in a circle not [enerally ob served,11 he said to h s diary . "If a trian le be insc 1 d
in a circle, any an le ill dif er ·rom a an le b t
~n le conta ned bet,een the side h ch subtends , and the
i
te dr :n ..1:rom one ext r e:r1 t r of s d s de .
1
1
Called upon to res· e o er a etudent eb te o he
ut lity o std in tr-e class cs , e as pro~pted th
exercise to ma eh so ev lu tions . here are ob ect·ons ,
conceded, tech ef one b n
1
1 . as e
rather when a stude t 0 1 ted t me, he e ented
from ursu or 0 n stud es- - 2 . e od ls of
a tiqu t
pt
• le oo to n p .,..,e ero c ent .en s , co -
to e orals--" Bal nee st e e o c ons ,
o vever , er rea ons al o elected bot_ h es r
to :t 11
st in n o ... r st r f r e e ce
and an re to e cola 1 • tat o t ir [
cla
e's] or ls,' e r asoned ,
1
·111 e e C or
t e nee
of evel t on- - and .
• •
Ohr st a n t C on
urnis:
the sc ola t c en ft e
certo n .
• • •
tbe dvant e of eleve st~fl --cor ect
oiled e o constr ct on o lan ua e , na re t co and
OU 1 , January 18, 18
•
98 '
of vords can be obtained better b this means tan by lmo t
n20
an.., other--
Sc ence, undeveloped as t ras in is day, came i a
s1,ort t .e to have a ver
ortcnt lace in his concept of
education, as
s de onst
ed by " ome thou ht s ( on J •
• •
an a
e~s to youn men in the ,ethod st~ .
u ch on du-
c t ·on,
11
_e -.es
e
a rnent o
ch e
ns in one of h s notebooks .
of ett n
n duet on--
e tonics to bee raced--
th
ot ve
eld out to vie . "
o cs he 1 s d s
stronomy-- eo ra hy-- otany--
--
eolo
y--o n t
olo y--Zoolo
y--
h loso h
--
. et
r lo
e
.
t
rp
0 1
e -- e
ld
e
•
...
0 s
.
ut 0
e
his
.
iou SC
•
nt f C d sci-
or
a l.
ne ·e
It
av d b t a
er--
c--clerk- -
co
t ent
n
tn our
t
on-- t
t
on-- VO d n
re --.
"
T e
st 0 th e
otive
as
obviousl
e i ed
eet
v e popular
de an
or practic
1 educ
t on , ut the
1
0
o d
res
I
un oub ed
el
e
port-
,
n
•
t I/ s
ot onl t t
r s
t den
t
ore
It s
1
II
u SC nee
a Christ·a
sett n ,
bu
th t
he
could
ne
thorou h
kno od u t 1 t ey had
s
1 e
h
r
nor n
pre·ud ces
na s pe st t ons . od,
0
ts
eadin, 1838 .
Ct .
9
to him, was the fountainhe d of knowled e, the source of
22
sdom and understandin .
Do btless hem de some pres on upon h s students
7
ith these ideas , but the re ter rowt and benef t as to
imsel • The ef
al ost edi tely eviden , o i
a s o rt ti_ .. e , s
t, e sc et f ie cou s
ent o a font er col ege , he set up
s coor·1 t w th the cl ss c 1, an
o ·e ed the de re s ell s
c ence , too , ould ar en S 0
e hen n tural c rios t ,
ears f ter had c se teach
o t e dee< o s e e e c
ton
0 h 0
n h d, . o· 1
nd s
o o tor c 1 ti
t e
e cl
ch 1 e
0
on s
0 11
deno
s e
0
'
1 -
old o
t e value o le rn n
d
or 'ould
t d n t e r
a
n
n
• •
s nte est n
on , po er o ob e
bro e h int e st .
old ht
s olo c 1
,
'
o e oo _
of e h , no
•
n t
old rn
0
nd
a
' u
n
ca of 0 e .
r o o n al-
22
23
0 e on rec e be o e o re ce .
.
o ourn to C 1 o ni, 1854 , 186 •
100
. m, r ic. 1 ter ·nth
C ntur as to s eep under nd en ulf ,
i n
it
. i hty reversion ro ce , so a y 01 the le rs
l
Vc ... n
elic 1 risti n · ty .
0
•
atthew im son , t en , she
e tly
adm·tte to
.• s
d ry, a
I
d nc n tol r bly
e ] n
ce .
,2
0 r V
0 e "I C ot s y so , ,
ch o
0 ess el n .
• •
It s the old
0
--
ood t ons e d ot ee • e olu ons
•
1 rl .i 0 e e 0 icall ,
0 t
--
ce in r u nm
or a ·l r 1 of
t e , n e e 0 e C t
0 0 d s 0 co s n e 0
0 0 1 0 s
•
s d-. C lt
1 e 0 oc t on 0 1 ,
n
to t s 0 1
o ] 0 en 0
1
0 t
• • •
C 0 e t
e 'c
I
0 to 'l
•
2
, OU 1 , u r 1 , 18 8
2
•
1 '""8
. , 0 1 u r 8 , o b e n r 7 ,
101
from ~ eadville , assisted in quarterl and protr cted meetin s ,
· n the 1oundin and dedic8t i on o churcles , introduced l.Ietho-
27
d sm into ee erstom • amon , is papers is an invit tion ~01
1
i to s peak ct the ei hth annual convention of the \:estern
Inst tute
and Colle of cber
28
T only e e in Cincinnati . e
\..,o unent on is re chin or this er od is a er tic state-
nt
the
•
our al of Bisho everl y h .
"
eel rom au ng ,
a . ---
e r ro
•
so reac ... n t e even -- 1 only
a tol r ble ce .
,29
h s ener 1 ct ve ,
. o·· e
.,..,
a be n err d ..1.ro s ctiv t ·nd is SU e-
, ,
u n c d cement .
pe
•
J.. se e s to re nt t e
.
de v ... 1 l. p-
n ·-
m s e en t e 0 e t n C r e r . e
t to e be 0 not bl y 1 t t on
11 s 0 t ad pro C e a sere of 0
0 st·
•
e had reac d thr e
0
e a ut e C a t , 0 t nd t e
urc C 0 no no
r -
c lled nto i s 0 e . a
0
II
d
J
ara para 1 om 0
,
no 0 t a our ook r 11 t ,
7
roo
. '
p . 13 -1 .
2 s
8 8 .
•
lbert C t 0 i son , ne
..., ,
2
d the
I
a y op son
5 1885 .
and
is it necess ry to pre ch threes mons to prove
e t, lready bel eve ?
11
the ~orce of tle er tic
Simpson , lthough not admitt n
30
m, did d scontinue t e seres .
t lle£ e y , u der the s imulus of
qu rin yout ...
n e te s ve r adin , it s
to a ~ument or his pre(c · n .
ob ble th t ea an tu ed
nto co roes o e C
,
1
q 1
•
a v · tu e a
t t
"
e
co
y n ,
0
e b ·e
a phl
o 1 dee
n
0 '
r o n
et , ent
t e
ep o
G o
t ny r e , e is d an
,
p
t
C 1
1
d o
0
0
0
nd publ . shed ~ r the
0
ch n st
ell
t C
nnan
0 S ,
0
'
t
c on
d ' ' 1 n
,
e e 0
e
d
•
102
s
C to
o .
0 t
0 i
t
on,"
a
.
n
e
t i p on, ce 1 e ed
O roo
, 0 • . • , p • 82- 8 .
103
c lvin ' s works , replied
, s rs, could the creat eneva re ormer rise from hi
slumbers and hear ••• th sap
1
o ••• methinks
his stern rebuke old not easily be for otten . et
us hear his om lan uage .
1
he ord h rden ng when
ttributed to God n Scripture not only means Eer
ssion , (as some trifl n theolo ians determ ne
act on of 1
r ume t
the ye rs that ollo e as not to be his f orte,
t n iould resort to t, and al a h the
s e r at c s ro ,. c • e used s a er
ort e 0
t e r p o-sl ve
t at t: e urc
0 osed 0 ev
e 1
, d
e
n ,
r -
• •
•
1
z
C
co
0
cau e
urch
ts , t s of t
0 t e out
rom n nc
1 0 1
•
sl
1791, 0 a
o ce , re
1 at r
2
a t odist
renc a t nor
s s e
c·t .
1 , no ad
n ded cated
ot,
1 Ch
on
b
, 1 ed to
e qu voca 1
, 0 ed o t ,
0 11
s o e at
or er d a-
tru 1 t 1 e
sco
•
•
d
ork
--s
1 C u c
, too
f g
11
,
bol
le
nd
h
n er ,
104
human tarian sm of 1e ti es and the J. evo ut
onary doctr es
of liberty a d equalit y ,
as wel l
a hei
own non- slave-
t old n econom C st tus , the
conference ,
n the ' Gener 1
Jes , " a m o ished members
to avoid "The buy n or se
t he bod es and souls of' e , omen , or ch ld en , th n
n ention t o e sl V t em .
t
or over , in
1h . ch
as r t en
0 e ... orce t
r ul e s , ve
.
iste a s i C e to ot e r 0 C
t t t e ve 0 s t e
0
t
be
.
n e 1 e nc
on o e
1
•
n
ni , e c a s e
C 1 C C C
'
re en 0
e
C
or
no - 0 C
•
s
n ve
0
0
0
0 C
1 0
0
0
0 0
C
0 0
t
0
e
0
00 0
OU
1 ,
0
0 ,
e
0 ,
( e
0
man, and indicted by a
6
rand jury.
105
In consequence the
objectionabl rules ere suspended thin six onths fter
the r enactment , but the conference sav d face by declar n
n.e do o int e deepest abho ence the pract ce o slaver,
nd shall not cease to seek ts est uction
d nt .e ns . •
7
11 se and
sl ver beca e incre 1n 1 m ot nt o th
co 0
0
OU d s t o er o
0
e pro- 1 ve
e ,
re
0
0
0
C
0
e ,
ott, loc . c •
--
pp . 7-
OC • C t •
C U C
o reso ut on d
1 er e ult on e
e n co r nc
C t 0
0
d
0 t
0
0 1 V r
0
co
o o no re
e le
es , s
e o
c d
o o slav
I
C e t
0
C
t e t ·
l to
106
at he end of the century hen emancipat on w s almost un -
versally perm tted, but one of first sin ficance a gener-
at on later when many st tes forbade reeing of the slave r
a
the condit ons
m
cult a to render emancipat on
i pact cab e . The chan e , there ore, as not so much in
,
the letter of the eccles astical 1 as in s import , but
t as re 1 nonetheless . e C urc had lost ts battle
er. Once t had er ed ou e n t n e ber,
yo cl 1, 0
e en
e a n sl
tat . '
o l O t
of the 1 ve to s
1 1 es, b t len th it doc lely
e cler ms b e ce ed ro. the
al
r , COn
re en sh
on t ou
o tl
ed fro
e of
s e
he e
S 0
0
.
on d a pop 1 0 , or t
C
1
a
u
na
1
0
ce o
e e
o he c re , u
b s C
s deno
0
oc 1 o d
•
e no o co r
t
at
e ro c o t e chu c
n ...
,
cc
-------
0
cha d
0
loo h
s
al r er
.o eover,
r r c-
s r
of
1
e o t
e a es,
o Denom-
on
( e
1929), p • 8-70.
107
rote Peter Cart r
0
ht n reflectin upon h ~ twenty years '
preach ng in the South, 'is ••• not to meddle pol tically
, th slavery (but to] let their o ners see and kno that
our
1ole mission s the salvat on o
the slaves •
• •
B sbop
sbury had reco n z d t e
problem at a
uch earl er
ate .
ould ot the c ch h ve been bet
er off, he asked
.
self n 1809, stron er n luence and
re t numbers ,
l
ha it
·or 'the
on of t e
cod ton of the
sl a er than for h s e C
, 42
on.
0 laver-
On
-
anu y 1, l 1,
n Boston , 11 m loyd a son be n t
C t 0"1 of
e
n he rst n er, decl rin that e ·ould
conte d 0 t e i ed
se en 0 our sl ve
...
-
a
o ul t
co 0 i
0
. 1
no
11 e
-
ze
0
ro
n
e a ,
as
spea , or
e u oc
he
'
•
- s av
e
OU
0
eter C
(C c nn
p copal
t
d
42
or ood, o •
'
11 s s s ruth d s
t th
.
ct--I do
0
ce on SU
no s
r e it mod
r tion--I a arn
t--
--
11 no e eat s n le ch, and
hose ord an ho as 0 s bol-
cru a e an nat C s d spo en .
our conde. t on, use, and b tte es
er he r d 0 e OU
_d t
, edi ed b
~---------=-:------
• oe for
•
he
•
1859), p .
• 20 .
43
Jesse ac
1
Y ,
of the Gathering s •
20), p.54. ---
Ant -Slavery Crusade; a Chronicle
Haven: Yal University Press,
,
108
dis rust of the temper te lorth . For the first year and a
hal~ t e re t etho 1~t •piscop l
'hurch , com lacent in
its comp om ses, either ras una are or unconc rned "J i th
Garr son ' s ulm n tions . The General Con erence , eetin~
at hiladelph a in I. -;y of 18 2 , eflected none of the ne ly
launched git ton .
he report o the "Committee on the
i ·hts and r le es o
eople of olor , • as tabled and
t
er can Colonizat on uoc e y- - o ,uch h te
nd so
Jou 1 condemned b
pe o le ad p1eac ers
on-- as commen ed o he .. e od st
e u est on ht am ss on be
e tabli ed
iber
a .
ro, e ene 1 Con erence
0 18 2 to a
e v · rus
0 abolit
0 s s ad
or
0 he .. et
0 st ... re , n ct n cor
of
1 e ,
1 n e ..,;.in
1 nd u reac
n , ven
date ,
n o
o r
o-th
d
0
.
or
a
....
l, s '
or
at · o s .
44
tes (
45
es
ern
ea
of
11
nd
C
45
lbert lo
1
,.. -1844 ( e ork•
• • 91 , 2 2 •
enns
1 n a nd
o . In e
e fo nd n of e
bol t
1 t ere
even
a
0
up o . et od
an Ba
•
arnes , he nt sl e y I
le o -Centur Co n,
0 4
soc t e
ter a d
a ear y
n 1 nd,
0 t n
sts
oc
1
co
e-
ed
• 40 , 4 •
nc . , 19 3),
109
fuen the General nonference of 18 6 ~e in Cincinn
the b shops, nan addr ss desi ned to manta n t least an
outward c lm ~n the Contere~ce , .a e no refe ence o the
er tical sl ver problem . The ssue c me o the
tent on
of he ,,onf'erence, owever, on the th rd day hen the fr -
terna addres of the Br tish dele ·ates as re d .
':Je trust
that ou con ect on,• the ~et od t b ethren from Br tain
s
. d
, 'hav n lr a begun to es st d condemn th s
ene ul s ste. , 1 , n ts 0 a , be freel and
rov -
ti 1
e 0
on ·v
e
0 h
0
0
t
del
a.
0
46
4
led
• • •
to sue decided vie s 11 res lt
.
ect.:.on o~
f
r V soc a C , 0
0 re u a C to he of Chr st.
6
o tle ner a 1 ove that e address be
to C al co 1.ttee OI tl r e or a r .
tt , a 01·
ro e
0 0 d s C se, as
ot 0 lost, ut e
e e
r he
to 1 t 0
abol t on me n n C
eec es . Resolut 0 co de n
t 1 ' ra u, a sed b t
bl s the o C 1 r
~ lio t, o • cit ., col. 1 7.
gl d ,
for bl· ca
on
n
orced
nc s
rs had not
t ut h d
se mprudent
r ce
f the C rch .
110
The abol t on st members 'rom ew n 1 nd presen ed ro-
test h~ch ,as promptly tabled .
cott then prep red a
pam.hle t ih ch, add. sed to the Cone enc , was publis d
annon.Yinous y nd fre 1 c culated amon the me
r •
the uest on o
1 v rr bee e tne topic of deb teas t e
conser t e members sou t to cens re the uthor . h
ot o of c ns rep ssed and cot ' s
mphlet , s · ronounce
as o e p 1 .. abl alse ,
tech
C CU
to ake
mpress on
to the nju 0
c er
of 0
od,
0 1
0 the e
rs •
o tr e on
1 . f _ d e
ta
ce,
from 11
fr
1 o t
0 Z
ond
nt·
9
1
b
he hate 1
b c
0 e
on
r on , outr ed
48
__ .,
• CO-.. 1 1 .
4 I
__ . ,
• C • 16
e r
co
he bol
0
he
n
nc
d
C
0 0
d e i ti_
0 1
ons .
cc
s of t e
C
0
e co ro
n
• •
n
C 1
en
U C •
o , e
111
to the Conference as a c e of unclean birds and a syna o ue
of Satan. '
e asp rtic 1 rly d sple sed th the censu e
of Scott. • ere we have ,
.1e said
as a ·az n stock for nfidels, the h hest eccles -
ast c 1 body of a lar e church, ose 'd gnity is out-
ra e' b a ersec ed member calml and he oically
defe~ · n h mself and h s brethren . ocla t not
'n Tammany all, publ sh t not mon he heathen .
he
et odist C urc , he s erte , needed
a P
ophet to delver
p
of
50
e
e sa e
I ca
•
m
e n fou e rs e e ma.r ed b a ron- nded
...
le o
ops 0, . u de b t e add ess to astors
e a d b t e ener 1
Co fe ence , ere t ned a
t t 0 0
'
be bol t 0 qu t on oul ce se .
r -
e o e an -sla e yd scu son or ct on by
d
co e e e ,
at s C 0
0
cop
,
d 1
0 et
e nc
s d ho
e e ce n 1
1
n
ber
50
(
or
re
• •
t at oo,
te co cl
arle
ston• •
une 11 ,
51
1
0rViOO
1
0
r t t s no conf nee bu -
1 Co fere ce had cone d
o_
ton ,
old un- z e
ons a a n laver , decl h
s 0 a leg sl e od
•
111 ou ,
u h 0 e e rs 0 h
7 , ' h ZB. t e 0 th e 0 t
• b
a tho e :fear exc t
op o on to th sole d c on
51
0 0 t e e eral lio r nee
• • •
?
ane,
ger, 19
6, p . 95 .
•
and
5 •
'ven mo e ag ravatin t an these
II
g g" measures ,
ho ever , ~ as that of bel ttl n
n ersecu n preachers
t1ro h the appo ntive poier of he bishops .
d tely
aft r .he ene al Co erence ran e Scott as removed from
the pres d n eldersh p of h s d st ct and one o t et o
dele tes ho had 1 ct
don abolit on a c nnati
r us d an appo nt nt as p e n elder, e d n
1 0
SOU
as hi
lo
"
e so,
e to
o 1 be utt n
0 0
'
0 C
t
S O ,
o n - 1
C '
0 1
0
OU
f .
le
1
2
•
e ce,
0
tote
s d
0
c ec
he
r
- 1 ver ue
d
oc et · e
• • •
el e · or
ent p ce
e
e o
re
e
ello
ot 1
10 , no C
s
s
0 edd
o lectu es
oc 1
th t 0
on
le
cte ad the
d n
sop
an
s
n
52
s ane , o
cott, p .
5
rles u so as sla s . rs
p . 70, C t 1 C , of
s s lar
York . Ca lton ,
113
of the Church became dis sted with the pro-slavery or merely
nominal anti-slavery position o· the denomination, the
"tyranny of the episcopal adm1nistration
11
was disapproved
b a growing number, and Orange Scott, intrepid New Englander,
54
as again in 1840 elected dele ate to the General Conference.
Simpson and Slavery. The b ographe.rs of Simpson have
not d elt upon his early attitudes to ard slavery; they have
pictured h al a s in hi C vil ar role hen, 1th the cloak
of compromise laid aside, h strod into th arena to
cause o f edom. His papers sho that as a young m
t the
he a
much influ need by th position o th Churcb--that h le his
er on 1 s ath s nclin d toad th abolition st, he
t d s ati i d 1th th i t c 1 ethod. 1 ir t cone rn
a to follo cour of ben fit to ethodis •
Uncl tt Si p 0 a abol tioni t, aving
0 d oc ty in iz n h 11 of 18 , jut aft r
n phe had to itt bu
55
ar ent hi on e a n
e
the r
n 0 C U and de ply c in d
t
t - 0 it oni t t d 0 h thodi t C urc
•
..
b
rnin 0 h publ hn 0 in ork in 835,
lt,
as
ud
n of God fo th ed
0 '
1 belou t t-
0
bolit
on t
•
I t 11 OU on" , h rot to
he ,
"1
snot af to rail at uch men 0 l d r or
54
o ood, !?.£•ct., p. 4.
cit., Uncle atth Simpson to
114
oppose tt.em or 11 treat them . •
56
Uncle T ngley , brothe of
Simpson's mother, was much of the sa e opinion, and a ear
later he was so disturbed by the action of the Cincinnati
General Conference that he resigned all of h s offices in
the Church . Durin the' tyrannical rein' of the b shops
ncle [atthe wrote that although Bishop edding's ob ect
vas to ' romote h rmony in the church,
1
he had actually
educe a 'de ence of slavery t rou h h ch' i a y erson
V
scru.les or do bts bou ol in sl ves , ill not
e ea d o is doub s ••• I am much it kn .
n ttsbu h , impso ppare tl had 1·ttle to
0 t
t _e
co f ct . .UC of nnual co e e ce t l C
, belo e n 1 e- old r ni
'
so t i 1 k ly
at t e ters re conse t e · , ct, 18 8 h
er ce eel r d s 0 OS a to aoo t on s a V e
, se ed to lean sha 1 o ·a
cause . t r the c nnat Conf ence of 6
0
t 0 der nd , e or of r
paper, atchma , d it s 0 ble t
d
udo , e ro or t u 1 C 0
59
about
•
.. cle att e po to
c le, • c t ., I , 2 .
•
,
. --·,
erland:
Sunde 1
11 be
d 0
to
i son,
ave ou
t ... e a ch , o-'"' e •
8
115
the sa e time , on t e b ck o~ one of Unc l e atthe ' s letters ,
he ·otted don a number of arguments a ainst slaver and for
abol t ·on . Cicero , et f rso , ran11 n , ,esle , Clarke ,
. ~tson (the latter three were .ethod sts), all ere opposed
to slaver •
ante Do in o , he tl ou ·ht , 1as " roo o th
c p bil ty o the bl cks for im rovement nd sel ove
e t ," nd
ent · e ts
or o en
no blood
fare , ' t sh 11 lood bes lled
..
wor a e no e as none
... e ol t o 11 11 o e blood be lled it 11 b
b
b
OS ho op ose ot t em.'
ed , a onl
s , f r d th
t ey, .. ot
o ce o e
0 pre c e a
cry o
or 1
la - olde s, h
60
0 t.
, f
·o t . m-
n
CO v • C O , 0
e ee 0
ter ,
ot,
ve e 0 on
ol
60
18 rt
olle , po e ca
0
0
o be
0 ol
o eel re
le to
,
C U
e .
• •
, 0
- 1 V
o e n
0
t no
t n s,
• tha 0
so e
•
' 1
nt , & e •
a
0
0
t
V 11
tr n
old
e oul
e r
he C hat
t r o po , ebru r 1 , 1 7
116
Si pson ccepted the appo ntment spa ks strongly o h s
11 ngness to o · th the Church in its compro ses .
t 11 hen the young college pro essor qu ckly
b bed some of the ant -abol ton sp rit , as m be ud ed
f rom an ironic " rospectus
1
drafted for an " nti-Cannib 1
► oc ety . •
1 .
er
.:abbat b r a g ,
there no to be such? t e
ere soc et es concerned r
te e nee , lave , yn
e 1
ter in u
probes of
t
1
?
. seen-po nt o r
co l ec t cts , employ agents, d s
et coo er ton of e cl 1
1 su on,
o o as
1
m,
to
v bot
po- a
tot lly
male and
b 1 • 62
.. t e ,
e
n
0 t
s 1 .
ul or s ro
h
cts
s, no o
.
o n , an e.
s p or o a o
d h C
, 1
e la
el 1 te , C S
d
0
ote .
, e
0
d
e ,
0
on p r t 0 len
m son.
? ,
11'7
sue delusion .
e nephe , stun by tis re roof an eep y h t
-the e rded sh s uncle ' s 1 ck of co fide ce in h
,
hastene
to re ly . t as ot t t he fa ore slavery , he
sa ' d• n
act , e s close to hi ncle ' s pos on n 0
t
t 0
t _e nt -abol t 0 st , ut e d bel e ,e hat
s sa ct ed b h b bl , nd o e , co 1
no
ro ts 1
•
e 0 e uncle s
t 0
e to 0
•
e 0 , , 0 co -
C 0 n .
00
(
C
I
C 0
8
C 1 1 3 •
OC. C
co
0
• • •
0
e
0
1
1
e
co
co
0 ,
e
0
C 2 ,
118
w
n
1 h it r11on t tin
•
n 0 d, id not 0 , r r
-
1
0 0 to 0 io
t
Ont ol
•
0
, 1
t r r
,
0 0 0
• • •
u
0
ur
11 0 o-
7.
• •
t
0 0
, ct,
,
,
t 0
0 1
0
,
•
'
• • •
•
•
1
119
r ghts of free men , such s that of pet tion n Con ress ,
ou·ht not be interfered it • 5 . The po er of Con ·ress to
re ulate trade ou ht to be interpreted to permit control o
inter- state s 1 ave t raf ,,. c • 6 .
les of the ~ethod st
disc i pline
OU . t to be strictly enforced as re ards buy ng
and sell n
slaves . 7 . e bel eved it poss ble to hold so e
of the
principles o bolition sm hout pprov n of the
t of t
8
or p
• • •
he e snot n else n the lle h ny per od on the
s ery ques on s ve a alf- stful, elf- ef ant o e fro
cle a t e
•
e had e n ur e by e he 0 V sit
t e Colle an th u ht r t er 11
o·
the id e C
he e d s be re ht ove
in~ r OU o the
coll e or to s e he e old ot , 0 nten
-
•
cour e ,
be a ht err nt , b t f n presenc an oul
ode
t C le 0 moral n 0 bol 0 s
• • •
0 be ed be or 0 and an to old y peac
•
t
e e C
. t
cal e s 0 e od
0
o. c urc e he
.
of
•
an 1 io 0 OU 0 cen d
er
t 0 a t e abol 0 h r s r n
•
8
•
10 , 18 8 . . ,
•
e p on,
1
0 on, cop he po n s 0 later
~ave h react on e ce n t
r
ed t e umb r and nd c d h r e
Ib
d.'
ncl the p on to pso , y 18 , 3
•
120
influence of the elder man may have saved the younger , who
was always p~one to think first of the interest of the Church,
from yielding too much to the anti-abol tionist spirit of
llegheny, with consequent d ma e to bis later career .
ersonal Circumstances--Election to College resi
dency. The two yeas Simpson spent at llegheny ere full
and fruitful ones , proba 1 more significant to his future
develop ent than a y other like eriod o is early life .
ut the
ere not alto ether h y . n the first months he
a remove f rom llen h s ife, o, ter he b rt f
t 1e r f rs t c ld , d rem ed for some onths t s-
bur nt s e co ld re in her s en th . s lett r . 0
an e y 0 her 1 d a lon n o be 1th her .
been n e dv 11 b t d y hen he had" ead con·u
t OU and 0 b he h a e ta:r n a e-
e , C t col
'
e o et un ho so e, and et he
e
0 d. t ot o . d thus et ee fe r hop I e pect
0 e
e n 1 e ou .
70
In ebru a d
a C
0
s e t n nd he a in suf r d
-ro.
onel es for h d C ld . T n s ent badly
•
n :
s
OU e ng . e rl ho or n or t em
u t,
and
1 za, th black 0 an coul not come or ten
days .
e a d he students ere board t t e colle e fo
i o to • len • S mpson , uly 31, 18 7 .
d
121
breakf st end dinner, and at n ht eatin at home . Thew ather
was b tterly cold, 19 below zero, and the ice to eet thick
on the creek . His health as poor and he suffered much rom
71
trouble 1th h s chest and a cough.
dded to these domest c problems was the even more
d
0
st
coll e
n one of personal finances . e ad one to the
t a salar of 500 promised to h m, but he was
unab e to collect
•
72
t the s .e t 1 e e as proud .
is o ly a t ull chance of send n any money, he rote to
ere
llen, h n she s v si in in ittsbur h, bu 'make ab 11
t
hereve r you a e c anted, 5e
o be indepen ent-- •
.ean h le, h sold rend
h teer th n s ou
7
• •
nt
db nefactor, Carles
1 ott, av n bee elec e d tor o stian
vocate , ad oved to C c n ti. ere he as pra sing
r nd to the leaders o t 1 t e 1 e t of s oun
0 ence 10 ere esta n colle e.
pon
's reco n ton, m b rs o the board o
ee
ec ed p on ro essor of a hem cs at
ry of 800, an t mp ed
e pro t at
11
o e
1
bid., 12, 1838. Crooks, t ., 1
.arc 0
•
C
•
•
7
bid.,
•
t r to S mpson , e ruary 1 , 1837.
7
T~ d
mpson to llen I •
..... 0 • ,
son, arc 12, 18 8 .
122
t
O
or three ears hence we shall want a president, and if
you are the man that r . lliott repres nts ou to be, e
no reason , why you may not be promoted to that station .
11 74
s mpson's fr ends, ho ever , Uncle •.1.atthew included,
counselled h im a a nst oin , , po nt n · out that the post on
as no advancement over the one he held .
onetheless, fter
refus n the o fer, he was soon la ent n to llen tha he
had not uone •
lon for ·reater pecuniar freedom,' e
. rot • ' t is exceed n 1 y t ry n on y f e 1 n
to ndur
in nuations s ch as are occ sionally used from some
q_uarte s .
u75
1
h follo in
off c als tha he h
n e he as not ie b
be n elected resident
he
d
0 athe atics at a ala yo ele en u dr d dolla
B
o esso
•
ter
c r·n t e co sent of is confere ce o cia , e pr mptly
ac e ted . s ousehold oods he set b a o the lle
hio , b s rs to erre au e, le e nd s
a 1 took t e to Ci nci s e o In
apo s . H
ne ut s e e to e n e
•
7
llen
. le
•
0 pson , Januar 2 18 8 . ,
7
Ib d ., to llen S mp o ps o
•
re 12 , 18
•
7
Crooks , 0
•
C t ., p • 1 3.
,
CHAPTER V
APOST G
Indiana Asbury i ersity was project din 1832, the
year that h Indiana Annual Conference as formed. A co -
m ittee composed of 1 en iley, Calvin • Ruter, and James
rmst rong dre up a resolution hich declared
Deeming, next to the religion of the Son of God, the
11 hts of Scienc best calculated to lessen human oe
and to increas the sum of human happiness ••• e,
therefore, report that as minary or college, under
ood literary and o al regulations, ou
1
d be of
incalcul ble benefit to our people •••
he pu poss in founding th institut on, ho ev r, er not
!together b n volent. Th State had char 1. Indi
olle eat Bloomington in 1828, and th and Old c ol
stabl h colleges at abash and Hanov r
1832 1833. Th tho ists ha tt ted, unsucc ss-
lly, to gain so
coll g , but t
rrog tad to the
the ethodi ts )
cont ol in th
no oth
l
r , b c
onopol
ful
ffairs of th t te
n tions co pl cently
1 rn ng, and •••
cl d d
f ro
C
(De
( e
any r present tion in th
rs of instruction •
• •
2
bo rd oft u t s, o th
petition in 1834 tot
1
Irvi Fre eric Bro , Ind1 na
au University Bull tin, 1914), p.
2
• • Cummings, arly School
York: Phillips ~ ; ~ -~, 1886), 254.
of ethod1 m
------
124
the election of the board members out of the hands of the
board and give it to the legislature was denied,
3
and the
protest · or the Methodists tha.t. they were unrepresented on
the faculty was answered by state representative Samuel
Bigger, a Presbyterian from Rushville, by the assertion
that when Ohio University ished to get a Methodist professor
4
"they had to send to Europe for him. Bigger' s statement
as long and bitterly reme bered by the ethodists as an
open insult--
a declaration that no ethodist in America
as fit" to fill a profe or's chair. ean bile, there as
a general feeling that the st te college a "un ri ndl ,
if not hostile, to ethodi , th t t pr s nt
doctrines, ridiculed its u g s, and denounc d it pr
as
1
1gnorant and f n tical di turb rs 0 th p C and
order of et
5
soc , and that th r as no pl c here
son of ethod1 t par nt co l
detri ent to their f 1th and
b properly due
don't
d
school of our o
6
o al ·•
and d Ind It ne "'ant in
it
cher
th
th
tho t
t r
article in astern Chri tian
ave 4,000 e ber,
d control thr
Th
chool,
r byterian
hav
3
'1111a. · arren S eet, Ind1 ana · · · ni-
versi t , 1837-1937 { e York: The . . r 937T, p.29.
4
tthe
July 3, 1843.
Simpon,__§. Si pson to James Stryker,
5
Cummings , Loe. cit.
( e
6
George R. Crook, The Life of Bishop atthe Simpson
ork: Harper & Brothers, 1890)-;-p. 145.
125
24,000 members and have no voice in any."
7
The trustees established a grammar school in 1837
and a preparatory department the follo ing year. At the
opening of the university in 1839 eleven students were en
rolled for college tudies. By the time Simpson reached
G reencastle the officials had purcha ed three acres for the
campus, but only the foundation of the ne building had been
laid , and a part of the alls rai ed. The school as hou ed
in a all t o-story brick hou e h1ch contained t o rooms
belo n one bov • It as the ame buildi to hich the
youn student Tonnny Good in h d b en dir ct d a year nd a
h lf arl er h n h h d co e to Gr nc tl 1th dr of
a tat el c pr i ed over by corp of 1 rn d men.
I don't kno force ta1n, one of t he local r nt e-
din s er to hi qu tion bout t locat on of t
I t a , la t
I
t th d t let chool-
hou e , b t I
h e rn t t they hav it to the count
1 na
• • • •
OU 11 not 1n i UC 0 un ty,
I
ec o .
8
h youn Pr id nt- 1 ct, r1ed by th long t 1p
0
r the
xecrabl bad ro d e of Cincinn ti, an
d -
pr
ed b
t he lln a 0 the to n th un ttr ct1
7
s eet, ~-ct., p. 30.
8
Bro , o. cit., p. 6; Crooks, .2..E.· ct., pp. 146, 167.
126
one-story frame houses, found the situation "not very promis
ing," By summer the forty or fifty boys who had been attend
ing the preparatory school had increased to seventy or eighty,
and the president, much encouraged, had taken over the upper
room of the little building 1th some of the more advanced
students and was ndeavoring "to lay a foundation for the
9
future .
Gaining avor 1th the People. The great responsi
bility of the colleg president then, as now, as not in
the clas room, but 1th the public. So hile young i son
surveyed the pro pacts of h s university 1th none too
1 t a heart , hi
his easure .
ethodist brethren ere carefully ta ng
they loo d at him they hook their had
t s rpris and disap ointment. e as butt enty-seven
ars of a e , and yo er loo ng than h s ye rs. Stoop d
in th should r , ht ard an bashful, h cau ed
no 1 tl doubt . On tru te aid that he ha xpected
to ee in he
p d nt trip-
1 ng .
11 n 1 , ho h d induc d hi to co , r s s d
di appoint nt in his a
ered, hich ti one
( d fficulty, Si pson
10
ould help to cure) • Fil ard
9
croo , o. cit., pp. 133, l 5-47.
old.pp.,
12'7
R . Ames, later bishop, and long-time friend and frequent
competitor for honors and esteem, remarked that upon seeing
the ne president he as at once forced to discount Charles
Elliott's recommendation twenty per cent.
11
On Sunday morning after his arrival in Greencastle,
Simpson stood trial before his first I~diana congregation.
They had flocked in great numbers into the unfinished
ethodist church, the omen taking their places on the
movable benches on one side of the ai le, the men on the
other. There a a gr at deal of shaking of heads and
frequent exchange of apprehensiv glances. It had already
been hisper d about h t he on' t do. at text he cho e,
hat theme he develop d, ht picture he dr as h stood
in heir presence is not kno , but he laid upon the hi
3pell of loqu nc , and t e questioning loo s chang d to
a 11 s an th hi rin to ru ur of H 111 do.
12
In hat unday orning hour he had begun hi conqu st of
e he rt of th In iana ethodist , b b
a ou for
1 self the mean
herb e ould
chool and c urc , honor nd
t
notion for hi
for hi s 1 •
11
Si Pon, o. cit., Uncle atthe Sip on to Sip on,
ce be r 27, 184 •
12
Crook, 2E.· c~~., p. 155.
128
pulpit ability ca.me that fall at Lawrenceburg during the
session of the Indiana Annual Conference. The preachers ,
about one hundred and fifty in number, gathered from all
over the State and from southern ichigan. Most of them
had come on horseback, many traveling more than t o hundred
13
miles. umbered among the preachers ere names already
allo ed on the Indiana circuits, and others hose names
ould become almost equally ell kno and reverenced. There
e e James Haven, Allen 11 y , Ed ard R. Ames, ugustus
E ddy, eorge f . Be 1ck, uci n Berry, and presiding over the
deliberations, Bishop Thomas
•.
orri and obert R. o ert.
11 of them ere men of the est, reared on th spars 1
se tl fronti r, educ ted largel through their o ffo ts
and experiences in Brush College , and most of the inur d
o he a s ps of the rigorou est b ny y ars of tr vel
en the c re u t •
VD a ickly and often on th up r
n erary list, but he as 11 reme ber d fort h
bol
and po er 1 decl tion, h1cb pl s d h 0
he
eople a
11 anyt ing 1
I
as i ad them f
14
stus
d , am of easy ann r , pl s t a dr
I
a
also
st hi pri , but he bad be n, int e d y of hi
14
llen iley, ethodi 1 Southeastern Indi
Indiana a azine of isto , 23:288, September, 1927.
,
129·
strength, a powerful preacher. "
15
Allen iley, taciturn pre
siding elder and laconic historian of Indiana Methodism, was
characterized by
11
medium talents" which were "offset with
remarkable thoroughness, pe
everance,
16
and good judgment."
George Bes ick was the youngest or th t el ve presiding
elders.
Hi
ords in the pulpit "dropped lik th rain and
17
hi s speech distilled as the d
•
~rn•~s, handsome young
preacher, only a half dozen y ar older than Simpson himself,
as already
- dely kno
for his loq
be talked o as candidat or b shop.
ounger than S1mp ·on, as pro nent in
cause 0 h s po er in th pulp t,
P an
thre -d d b t 1th
B s op o er nd 0 ri bo p
Rober
an old ho h d been or t
co acy d 1 fort n
orr1
1
to the bi 0 C a th
C
0 t
1 0
p
0
t 0 t 0 the
e co
e nc
I
h
ch
e us al m nn 0 th nnu
, p
17
Smith, -21!. c 1 t • , p • 60 •
nee, nd soon to
d
V
1
uci n er
Y,
ho
ndiana .. ethod m
r OU fo h t
-
p
18
•
0 ont
r.
n
C 0 th C u C ,
1 Conf
,
C 0 d
ed
b s n t n
(
and the
o, Indi n
ontier:
s ty Pre
18
d
1
hi 'at the Simpson, Cycloftaedia of' thodis
P a: Everts &St rt, 18 8), p.104.
{Phil -
s
-
•
,
,
130
of M ethodist itinerants. Reports of activities on the circuit
ere received, revivals, membership gains or losses, finan
cial statements noted, and the "character" of the ministers
questioned and passed or rejected. There as probably no
undue a.mount of fractio sness in this particular conference,
for ethodis t preach rs of that day ere much a are and very
jealous oft eir pr rogatives to judge the conduct of e ch
eac ot er . So it as not out of th ordinary for Ja es
-a ens uddenly to interrupt the r arks of a p esiding elder
ho a sa that on youn man on hi district as n
ery ood preach r • • • but o eho or oth r nobody con-
d under h pr ch n • oe h a e anybod d
Ha ns as ed . O no 1 H 1 e t- d ~"""- erybody
lo es h · but so ho --- th pr sidin lder began hen
e rrupt d. Then I a o po d to 1. an
der ho p ch nobody 1 con rt d and no ody m de d
not fi for a t od1 t pr ech ." T b hop, ho ver,
d cl r th yo an c , d ecur d t e ppro al
0
a e blag in hi op nion.
19
T m conf r nc ,
pro o ed b th ud city of r c ntl arried young pr acher
0
a t nd d in hi ddi su t of tight , " pigeon-tailed
coat, and stovepip at, pa ed r solution r questi
th bod ••• to return to the original plainne of
thod-
19
G ood in, o. cit., pp. 15-16.
131
ism, 1.e., that they all be requested to wear either the
round breasted or plain frock coat. "
20
This body of men, quick to criticize and censure one
another, but, ever jealous .for the welfare and advance o.f
ethodism, quite as ready to recognize the merits of any
ne champion and to praise unstintingly, constituted the
audience Simpson must addre e. The occasion was the cele
br tion of the founding o.f the ethodist society one hundred
years earlier by John esley. Both bi hops had been re-
que ted to make the address, but had declined, so the young
president as called upon. They could have given hi no
t em more to hi liking th
o ethodism.
th on hundr d y ar's rch
The exerc1s re held on Sunday orning in the little
br ck church, 1th it t o aisles and narro , high pulpit.
h ethodist peopl of th surroundi
co unitie , e clud d
au tere business eeting of the conference, cro ed
... n o he ch el
th their pr acer, makin an audienc of
a ou fiv hundr d. Altho h ever 1 account of the m ting
r ai , one in S imp on' o
ords, 11 ar e enti 11 agreed
20
Good in,_. __ • cit., p. 17.
1111 m arren et, Circuit-Rid in Indian
( ndianapolis: . K. Ste rd Co., ,--- ------ne account
1
en by Good in illu tr te very 11 both the langu ge of
t day and the t ndency of the preache -historians to write
0
1t1vely, but exag er tely. The re olution, he say, read:
tat e er member of the Con.ferenc 1 required h reafter to
bear to Conferenc straightbreasted or shad-bellied coat , and
reaches 1th broad f le.
132
in th 1r. reports. It must be remembered that it was a
dramatic occasion: the Sunday morning sermon following con
ference, the centennial celebration of the founding of Method
ism, and the first opportunity for most of those in attend-
.
ance to hear the ne president of their college.
oreover,
tt.ere as upon the people a cert in excitement hich had been
aroused by the rapid spread of " illerism," and a general
interest in and concern about the triumphant second-coming of
21
Christ .
As the young man--"beardless, a little stooped"
be ng conducted to t e pulpit one observor thought him nt e
ost pure and be ut ful young man he had er looked u on,
22
bu t e ma ority undoubtedly ere o eh t di appointe by
hi a pearance . He c o for hi di cour e th first nine
verses o the orty- eventh ch pt r of z ki 1. The ch pt r
1
eco ts a par of th sion oft prop et ho , C ptiv
bylon, drea d tat the Lord corted h t ough an
ple
cod .
ich r cted on the 1 t the old on d
t th point elected for th er ptur r ding, th
o et had reached t
coking to the ea t he s
door of th te pl, nd h tood
a str of tr 1 uin fro th
21
Crook, o. cit. pp. 186, 149. Goo in, o
p. 18 • Simpson, S., n rrati v 1 tten by uniden
P arently for Crooks , but not u ed by hi •
• cit.,
ied ri er,
22
Crooks,££• cit., p. 186.
threshold. The waters were measured out by a man who stood
with a line in his hand. After each measurement of a thou-
133
sand cubit s the prophet was lea d through the stream.
At first
the wa tars were only to his ankles, then to his knees, to his
loin , and at l ength "it a a river that I could not pa s over.
The river poured forth into the desert and all that it touched
should be healed , nd "e ery thing shall live whither the river
cometh. "
o fragment o the address remains, but it can w 11 b
imagined ho h e developed the text, painting in vivid pictures
th slo and humble beginnings of Christianity and of ethod-
1 , the struggl again t h ardship, and then contr s t ing th
incre se , the drama t ic and unbeliev ble gro th nd spread, nd
a
b
length shouting to th m not by might and po er ha this
n done , but by th pirit and lo ot God.
23
Those ho
e rd the r on r m b rd nd r coun t d only th figur tie
age
in h ich t h pr ach r spok . H had ond rf'ul ex-
s ion , one o th r 1 t
she
lmee
1th
rocee d t o ade into th ater to the a le,
, nd lo i ns . His gr t soul cam into hi fac,
nat ur 1n inde cribabl. Light seemed to fla h
ide to s ide. Th pack d udienc a thrill d and
Y at t 111 of th o t or. i h every ht sh un-
ol ing of th b ct th re came fr h gus of t r
nd houti n • On nt th stream until e om th
o ta1n- to ... could e a mighty torrent ee ing e
thing b ore i t , cu tt 1ng fo 1 t 1 a dee and id
1 t h appro ach b
Th quotation i
u din a nwnber ot
scriptur 1 allu ion u
in Yor • York
rmon
n
23Th1
0
his type .
hi cent nni
!,g ocat and
--
l a ddr ss of 1866
Journal, bruary 1, 1866, P• 37. -----
channel , carrying huge rocks and iant trees in its
cours • ~ could see the waters spreading over all
the plains . 24
Another remembered the "graJhic de script ion • • • of the
134
widen! g, deepening, healing waters that Ezekiel sa
and another the "rich verdure and fruitage it brought
n25
• • •
• • •
T he 'tide of emotions rose to an uncontroll bl pitch and at
one time he had to s op a fe minutes to allow it t o sub-
side.
2
? Good in recall d that 'many of the preac ers ere
so overcome by motion as to almost dro n the voic of th
26
s ea r , those heart a quite as much on fire as theirs . '
27
Th preacher ho sat next to ,T es Hill could no ke p quiet:
'h t roped the lo or with his f e ; shouted aloud,
1
Di ou
ever hear he like? ' Hill, di tress d by the noi e, tri d
o hold his fellow pr acher
1
f et still by r sing on h
knees . t length , he forced the man's h ad down bet een th
sea s nd pounded him on the back.
28
Sim son himsel modest-
1 re
that the
1
ffect a son1e hat culiar , ' that
he "m n t er spoke very kindly o th ervices, and that
h ·as 'a once t a n into he hearts o th rea her of
In n , h o ever after rem in d my arm friends .
29
Good in
24
Cooks , o . cit., pp . 186-7 .
25
ocount of Jams Hill .
Si m son , ss. Un denti ied narrative .
26
Loe . cit.
2
Goo in , 2.E• cit., pp . 18- 19.
28
Crook , o . cit., p . 186- 7 .
2
Ibid. , PP• 149, 150.
135
expressed the same opinion, somewhat more strongly, Dr.
Simpson,
11
he said, " as at once voted the prince of pulpit
orators, an opinion never reversed in Indiana to the day
of his death. "
30
Inaugural Address. There remained yet one major
challenge to Simpson's ability, one great opportunity for
him to establish himself 1th Indiana ethodists--the oc
casion of his Inaugural Address at Indiana Asbury University.
his event as postponed until the fall of 1840, in order to
allo for the completion of the college building . In mid-
er ncle iatthe as already orryin. Don't forget
he ina gural address for next f 11, your duty and reputation
bot require att ntion to that, ' h rote long t he margin
o one of hi 1 tt rs.
31
A short t e lat r th old an as
co ortin his nephe ho, apparently, had compla ned of the
pres of college duties and of anxi ty for hi b ant f ily,
both o hich interfered 1th the preparation of the address.
Yes , Uncle atth
ag eed, t es factors e di tr s 1ng,
for preparation of the ina r 1 should co and undivid d
attention, and he had no doubt tat others ho hav m d
sue luminous addres e had 1
re to attend to th subject
of them and ere free from other embarras ent. on theless,
30
Good in, .2E.· cit. p. 19.
1
1 pson,
June 19, 1840 .
s. ncle atthe Si pson to Simpson,
the uncle wrote to his nephew, "the Lord being with you,
11
you have acquitted yourself "with as much credit as you
ought to desire ••• " Others, he continued, may "be rated
h her than you in speech making," but "there are very fe
men, if any, ho have had greater facility in acquiring a
136
kno ledge of literature languages, and science than your
self ••• " H e believed, therefore, that the address" ill
be ood and fully equal to hat the best of the at your ge
and experience could have made.
32
Si pson had by this tim (early u ust) upplied th
uncle a rough draft of the add ss, and the elder m criti -
ized it at length, pointing out exc ptions hich shoul be
taken to general principl s, r lation hips hich should b
ore care.fully establish d, and concept hich houl be
cle.rified . ex ination of the co pl t d ape ch host t
ost of th se sug estion ere r1 t n into t e
The co ence ent and inauguration e t for
Septe b r 13 , 1840, ju t b fo
confer nee in Indianapolis.
th me tin of the nnu 1
ethodi t pr ac er and p opl,
ends o the colle , off1c1 1 oft e school and tat,
athered for the xercises.
enry ard Becher, ca led from
anapoli to addres the literary oc ti
on th pr c -
in ni t, remained for the occ ion. G overnor Dav
all c,
32
Ibid., Uncle atthe Simpson to Si pson, ugust 8, 1840.
137
in a highly embellished address of welcome, praised the ork
of Indiana pioneers and ethodist circuit riders, and then
turned over to Simpson the keys to the institution.
The young president stepped fo ard to deliver his ad-
dress . Uncle
tthe had arned him to speak as if he ere
perfectly sure of the correctness, propr et, and im
portance of every entence, for if the speaker •••
is sure h 1 ri t, the h arers will b so too •••
And the effect of your addr ss on the interest of the
coll ge 111 ne rly altog ther dep don the opinion
ich your he er 111 fo •••
e op ned 1th a brief an cdote hich he immediately a pli d
o th occ sion. Greek rti t, he id, hen asked
he pent o uch t m perf ctin hi prod ction r pli
I
ty. y had so uch tie nd ffo I paint for te
b n sp n in acting th s d ice, y ther on thi
con
r r sin , thou
n est
• • •
gation of th t lents an be ut of our
you h
t t --
res s of hi day.
uch
• • •
'
d p
pin
ore
t •
in th
4
so h proce 0 con d r tion the re son
t
opl hould e t h s lv
lf of duet on. In th fist pl c,
o igorou
an is
£._ ducation. It i no
r 1 th the 1 rn in co on
33
oc.cit.
n
34
Crooks , o. cit., pp. 474-504. print of Si pson'
nau ral ddre s. Subsequent quotation , until othe ise
no ed, are fro this urc •
138
schools and colleges, but "that all his actions are under
the influence of education." The most helpless of all
animals, man yet makes all of them serve him, if his powers
are developed.
The beaver builds his dam as his sires did
befor him, ithout alteration or improvement." But man
vari s his ork as he is taught.
ot only i man a creature of hi education, but "He
-
The mind is al ay
acti v ; every ight produces n impression; • • • ev ry
sound sug eats t ou t ; and lessons • • • ar r oment
urn sh d 1 er fro good or from evil sourc
s ...
I t se fir t t o b ic premi e ar tru , then it
ollo s that ur only po r i to choose in youth
-- -
all b d. It 1 not que tion of sa in a youth
-
sl all b ucat d or h 11 not b
•
h f t er one lect
or refu e
to nd hi on to chool or to coll , onl
C 00 8
or hi an due tion t ho e. Thi po r to cboo e
b
o es e c
d n 1 im ort nt en t i zed t t
upon th kind 0 in ction
-
Th nd C only in t o e th g in
ch
it 1
ed. g niu 0 H bal.
• •
th 0 n b hi th r.
• • •
Th yout
o 1
no
en porting in the reet an fo 0 t in ,
r
spec e
of 1 1 t ad h b en prop rl educ ed,
'
have
becom the prid of hi p ent d th glory
" of his country.
139
But the influence of education does not stop with the
individual , for "National character depends upon the sam
cause .
11
Love of physical culture amon the Greeks resulted
in maximum development of the human body and gave the artists
"unrivalled forms for the canvass or for the symmetry [of]
the sculptured marble." The bravery of the Sis, the
nterprise of the nglish, ••• the abject ubmi sion of
the 1ndoo, ar all the r sult o · arly education. oreov r,
it might be said that Tru fame and prosperitz depend upo
intellectual and moral culture." Some mi t chive f m,
speciall in arfare, it out rat int 11 ctu 1 t 1 -
ent , but even uch c s r ra e, and certain it 1 that
e e peo le ust d p nd u on th culture 1 th ir fam 1
ob record d and tr ns itt d to po t ity. Sp ta t ught
r yo th arf r , t en t philo op y. hen as
d, ut flouri h
• • •
Sp rt i one, but
tens is
h s
tills
ort 1.
1 of pr , n b d fro on to s x,
and fully dev lop d b illu tr tions, con ti ut d t p
en ral consider tion of
ed cation 1 1 ort t.
ext d scus ed t
unct on of high eduction.
Colle es and uni
ntial tot
-
--
ement and diffu ion o education.
-
bey supply the
outlines of eneral
o 1 dg , they provide an understand-
r '
n
th
h
oll
t 0
0
0
i
,
1
1
r 1
, olo , t
1
•
t h
0
140
l 110 nt
n, ct o
l
, t C
0 n
t 0
t
•
11
•
n •
-
141
efforts to ameliorate the condition of man." "Moral Science
• • •
shows that man to be criminal who does not employ
himself in labors of benevolence." The consequence is that
the "thorough scholar" find he is not "living to himself
alone ," and so "in whatever profession he may labor, the
principles hich guide him are those that dignify and ennobl
humanity. "
The influence of colleges and univer ities ext nds
beyond tho
are formally enrolled in classes, for
College are e ential to the pro parity of co on schools,
and "Colleg s, or high institution .2_ le rning,
b en the precur of reat
• • •
Co o
ools, 1 t m t be ckno 1 dged, are not p nd n upon
college or th ire 1st nc, butt y r o d p nd nt or
ir rospe ity, and coll g
co on c ools .
, eciproc 11, d p nd
S 0 ind bted to h er n itu on of 1 am
t
t n he so et
and nurtur
trolo ic 1 ch
1 z
•
Cone
1 r it
ctr, nd th
o 1 b t
trono pu
n ion o pint
as stimulat d b th 11 rar n d o un
r iti
•
I
o b thou t th t
11 t e pro n r 1
colleg 'n but t
n titutions er r di tin point ,
9
int e univer
•
Th e di en ing light and he
d
in
ct
t
u on th communi t
a be illustrated in the di co ery o the
142
refractive po er of glass. From this principle, Galileo
inv nted the telescope, others devised the microscope, the
spyglass, spectacles, and so the application of the prin-
ciple has been of "incalculable benefit to man." The colleges,
too, ere instrumental in bringing abo'lt the Reformation in
rel gion, nd are yet, 1th their religious e rcises, favor
able to the developm nt of pi ty.
Th spa ker had completed at th s point the d velop-
t 0
i th i on t e 1 portance o colle due tion.
r r eined only a co sid r tion of
1 stitu ion should be e t blish d by th
thi p rticular
et odist in
e
a. In th
a
tout
sb r
U 0
al
s
S 0 h
ink g o 0
1 terar
n ot or
n
audienc
t
a t
ons in th
ctr an ur o es.
t , h s id, a holly an Indi na
no 0 iv ry to s
o n n t
tl n, ob no othe
lo , bu o u ant t e splen or
o t e
•
co pa on ht b dr o onn ctic t
a
C , it
f V
1 s t rritor on - lf he popul tion
e b r of colle e stu ents t t
fo d i n I n
p
nts of h est r ro in ore
xi o s to ave their son
ducated . Should they send them
ast or establ sh i stit tons tho e here e tern son
143
could become "attached to our customs, and identified with
t
ft
our i nteres s.
The course "will generally be similar to
those of all well-regulated colleges ••• extensive and
gh
" t horou •
The discipline 111 be "firm and strict, but
parental. The student 111 be treated as a friend," but
he m ust "feel his obligation" to observe the offices of the
ins ti tut ion.
If the cry of Sect rianism" be raised, as it undoubt-
edly ill , 1 t ust be said that
Int
nd
pon
a
if by sectarianis be meant th t ny pr1 1 ge shall
bee ended to youth of one denominat on more than to
another--or that the faculty shall ende vor to pro e
e t hose plac dun er their instruction ••• t . n
e e snot, an hope th r never 111 be, sectar1-
n sm ere •••• [ o ev r,] if by ectarian sm b
e t t h t th profe sors re r 1 ious n, and that
t y hav s ttle v upon Christ an ch racter and
dut , then e ver hope to be ct rian.
1 a t er t could b no quivocat on, t e cours
1 det n
•
Education itho t oral is pen C 0
o h ls ithout rel gious n truction is 1 pos ib
oul
by the nor o nt , t y ould t ke a stand
t e gran and broad pl tfo of e ngelic 1 truth,
0 ev r str e to cultivate th or 1 a ell as the
ent 1 f cul ies of tho
1ntrusted to our care.
The spea er then concl ded 1th r1 f p al to th
fr ends of th
ni ersity tor emb r its n ed, p rticularly
for library and ph losophical apparatus.
Such persons
ould e perience durin life an ample re a.rd in 1tness1ng
•
144
the beneficial effects produced, and, hen their voice is
hushed in the silence of the grave, 'being dead' they would
, still speak.'"
Si pson had talked for nearly to hours ith hat must
have seemed to his frontier audience an amazing display of
erudition, convincing premise, and brilliant illustration.
one John H ammond, and ho many mor like him is not recorded,
as so "highly delight dn th the address that he resolved
to send his son to college. Henry ard Beecher said that
there hould be a copy sent to every family in Indi n ,
35
the Board of Trustees direct d the pr ntin of one t ous nd
copies , and d ard • Ames, ho as not asily xcit d bout
the achievement of others, insi ted on quick publication,
and sa d that he ould look ft r rran ements v n though
e ad alrea y be n criticized for e dling. By th help
0 God , h decl red, e 11 catt r it to v ry no
corner of th St t
3
The ddres publl h d, long
•
a
th
a 0 G ov rnor all c , and d tribute in p phlet
0
to t
e P opl
•
ncle atth r ported so e lat r th t Charle
11 o t tho ht th in ugural
s gr at.
11
In so e pl ce
t
t have been improved, but it s such a h could
not ak ." L. • amline, ho a soon to b elected bishop,
35
Simpson, • o • cit., • R. Ames to Si pson,
te be r 18 , 1840-:--
36
Loe. c t.
-
145
believed it "upon the whole • • • the best inaugural made
by any ethodist preacher at the head of a college.
11
Uncle,
too, as "exceedingly joyful at the success of (theJ per
formance," but he would hasten to admonish the younger man
to remember in deep humility "whence cometh thy strength.
• •
or should he forget that "popularity of any kind is un-
"37
certain . • • early a full year after the delivery of
the address Si peon received a comment from a friend of his
in O io ho had long meditated upon epistleizing" him. It
asn' t a "slo speech, at the , ' h rote. "If I had be n
an editor I ould have given it a 'puff.' I am not surprised
o hear th t you a e marvellous opul r out there.
38
The address snot bl for s veral r asons . First,
t h young pres id nt , a d nt as hi love for ethodi m,
h r sen abo e deno n tion pride or glo
•
The d y a
on o
tens riv lr on t e churches and th r insti-
on , but he toll d ethodis neith r by o nor by
all s on . Pra se h found for those o h project d and
t bli hed the colleg , but he call d them t nds of th s
v rs t ,
1
d people in all p rt oft estate. Censur
e h d fo thos
ho rais d the cry of ectariani m, but it
a a 1 sor and laid t the anonymou door of "1nfid l •
1 40 .
37
Ib1d., Uncl atthe Simpson to impson, December 27,
38
Ibid., • Hunte to ~ 1 pson, August 4, 1841.
146
He had flights of eloquence and periods of praise, but they
were for his country and his state, not for his denomination.
Religion he mentioned, but it was learning that he eulogized.
D ominant in his thihking and speEl{:ing as the thesis he had
so armly espoused at Pittsburgh and llegheny, the theme he
ould sound again and again in his zeal to sell higher
education to Indiana ethodists--that to learn is to know
God . an, he said, as made in the image of God, and he
differed from animals not in that he as purer, but that
he as iser.
The address as notable like ise for its keen adap
t at on both to th i ediate aud ence and to th peopl of
Indiana . fuethe r or not Simpson had intended to publish the
speech, before the oard had so requested, is not kno
•
he apparently had realized tat published or not the sub
s anc of his remarks ould reach far b yond the men and
omen host in his presence that day. H e had first of
all to consider Indiana thodis nich, nurtured by th
circuit rider, and still Wl eaned from fronti r ys, as
But
uspicious of hi er education and larnin'" among preachers;
t looked 1th some
sgivings upon this academic venture,
even though the committee on education had promised t hat the
school should not be a manufactory in hich preachers ar
39
made • .o t of the discourse as for the benefit of these
39
p. 26.
1 7
doubtful brethren; for them the premises ere carefully laid,
with argument succeeding argument, and illustration marshalled
in such quantity as to overwhelm any opposition, and establish
the cause of education as triumphant indeed. But also in
the audie ce and the state ere great numbers of influential
people , ome of other denominations, othe belonging to no
church, but all of hom ere suapiciou of the purpos s of
a new "sectarian" institution. The c ref 1 restraint and
universal character of most of the address ad irably
designed to appeal to this class, as as al o the forth
right refutation hich ollo ed the main ar ent. The d-
dre a a exc ptionally ell direct d to t
as intended to serve.
purpose hie it
Although heavily fr ed in arg ent, the sp ch mu t
have been not tall difficult for the her rs to follo,
for scarcely tad a premise been 1 id b :fore it upported
by illust at ion, sometimes historic 1, biographical, or
bibl cal, so times analogical, but 1 o t 1 ay raphic
and interesting. He painted, in a anner cha acteri tic of
--
is later public address, as ries of h rp, vivid pictur
Luther casually taking the scriptures :fro the shel es of a
library for the first tim, the Carthaginians c li the
ountain heights of Italy and pouring do as d v t ting
torrent upon the fair plains, only to be -..--. because of
th
eir ignorant fear of a storm, the dus of a plant carele s-
148
ly brushed away, but seen through the microscope as a crowded
cit y of 11 ving beings. The figure as sometimes apostrophe
or rhetorical question, or parable and climax. Yet the ad
dress was not eloquent; the argument and supporting evidence
eigbed too heavily, and no and again the figure as stratned
and exagger ated. It as, as L. L. Hamlinesaid, "not above
••• criticism" but of a sort to "command an unbounded
4 0
respect. It brought 1th it the substantial reputation
needed by a young pr sident just launching an ducation 1
ca er fo r imself and his church. A year and a half before
the ethod sts of Indiana had shaken their heads in doubt
as they l ooked upon the tall, slightly stoop d youth ho had
co e t o be t heir pre ident, but th them the r putation of
atthe Si pson, pre cher and educator, as no secu e. It
as as a laymen said, after he had mista enly t hought the
colle
gent, v. S uel oop r to be th president and
son to be ome oung itiner nt, , I th 1 dom
of r . at t ' s a ng ,
1
Th ind' th sure of the an.•
41
Coll Cour e .2.._ tudy. Th fir t c talogu of
courses or Indian
bury Uni er ity wa publi hed in
1839 . s all 1 afl t 1th a brigh yello co er, it listed
ce b
40
Si m pon, .2£· cit. Uncle atthe
r 27, 1840. '
Simpon to Simpon,
41
G ood in, op. cit. p. 20.
- -- ,
,
149
the names of the trustees and the visiting committee, the
faculty, agents, students; it gav the course of study for
each year, itemized student expenses, and set forth the general
rules and regulations by which students er to be govern d.
42
The vies of atthe Simpson re reflected in the
bachelor of science degr e hich the Board of Trust es had
resolved
'to be to
• •
• upon those ho become t oroughly
cqu inted
1th the Scientific and iterary cour • 'Those
o sought t e b c elor of rts deg u t follo th
traditional curriculum 1th mph 1 in cl s ical 1 nguage
R equ1s1 te o all for entr nee into th fr s an cla
kno led e of G eogr ph , Engli h Gr~.,.- , c,
r, S O i S C ,
Ca ar ' s Commentar1 , rgil, G r
nt . e fr op o or
to th
nd fi th lf oft
unior year er giv no tud o 1
a be tic , 1th th f o clai n nearly t
cours 11 1
•
t th be 1nn1n of h j 0 a
h stud nt a in roduced to t ud of ci and
odern 1 tory 1th Chronolog , and
id- r to
-
nd
of
peri ental Philo ophy,
Ch it , nd oric--Lo ic--
Cr t1cis •
'l.
1
he senior r continued th th c nc ,
•
150
but included also " ental Philosophy," and, during the final
term, "Political conomy and Grammar , "La of Nations,"
Paley's Theology," "Moral Science," and "Evidences of Christi
anity." Throughout the entire course particular attention
as to be paid to composition and rhetoric, and seniors ere
o be "re ula ly exercised in Forensics.' Instruction ould
al o be offered in Hebre, rench, and erman, as the need
or de
d occurred .
43
Tot ach these courses the niversity had a staff of
h e i nstr ctors, the ev. atthe Si pson, . . , p esi nt
a d pro s sor of thematics and natural sc nee, the v.
C s utt, .B., profs or of the Lat n nd r ek l a,
a the ev. J ohn
•
ea le, . B., principal of th pr -
p rte t. her , ho ver, 1 than nin t
den nroll d, fit o ho er in th prep r tor
sc ool a t e t -four oth rs mar d ir gul coll g
st de t s, t h t , thos ur ui
d t o
lar
ac n
of
• •
• not ufficientl d
•
S pson
of th cl 1 t
I
r s n ton in 18 8, heari
o c, r etoric, oral c nc , pol
43
Ibi ., pp. 8-10.
44
S eet, o. ct., p. 57.
-
pa 1 l Coll co r
din
of
ced to b
elf C p b
n a , th ti
th ecit tons in
cl econo y, et 1
,
e
151
philosophy, natural theology, and evidences of Christ anity.
45
As the student body gre members of the staff were
added , until by 1848 the faculty had grown to eight. Student
enrollment like ise made steady progress, the early regis
trat on of the summer term of 1844 sho ing "136 student in
chapel , more coming.
"It is supposed," rote the young
secretary of one of the literary soc1 ties to Simpson ho
as in e York for the eneral Conference, "that hen the
last nae hall be re istered for this ses ion e 111 have
one hundred and fifty.
The prop ct made hi proud for it
eant that Indiana sbury nivers ty, though the most
youthf
• • •
at d
proudly at the ha
0 all th
I 1-
ut ons in th Stat
46
B
18 48 th
nroll
nt ha g 0
•
to
to hun
r d and xty
ight stud
nts, and
n he 1 e of
1
son 's serv
ixty-on
h
i
7
r C
egr e
•
n
-
ch
T f t C
lo u
announc
th
org
z t on o
t
o lit r y
oci t s h
C
er
1 calc
d
d
1
t ans
ct
on
ss
21 , 1 48 .
46
o to
1 riz
of
0 t d lib r
pson , o. cit.,
ov youn
n in p blic
th
h 0 0 th
t V
bl
8
h
• R.
o Si pson, Jul
d
Ib
__ .,
rcu c. Smith to
p on
y 22, 184.
7
s e t it
1 0 • C , p. 59.
rat Annual Catalo ue, op. cit., p. 11.
s
-
152
societies met regularly, assigning debate topics two weeks
in advance, and sponsoring at times oratory contests as ell.
Public exhibitions" were held and suoh topics were debated
as Should Roman Catholics be admitted into our Republic.
"Is the extension of territory opposed to the prosperity
of this Union?" and "Are i tings addressed chiefly to th
i magination injurious in their tendency?"49
Speech
rcis
and activities, ho var, war
uch
ore extensi v than tho e off r d through the 11 t rary
societies . The president a thoroughly connnitt d to the
belief that the coll g should imp rt qualification or
co unicating in o
ann r . SO t th
tion in an inter
ch pel rvic
ch
t ng and ucc
orning .fou
ful
ud nt,
t 1 t i r t rn in lph betic 1 ord r,
r
pct d to
deli r d cl ation ; in hi
s a lan
n undergr du te,
r, du i
th
C
tud nt po
ar
n
about
once a ont h . E ch onth 1 o
r
Public Stu
or cl
on, nd
C
ry t d nt
to r d an ori in 1
y b for on o th pro
e 1nni n n t h
both for
a
r 1845,
and fo d cl~c;;,.
on.
r r gu1 rl o f
52
et, .£2.• Ct., p. 93.
50
Crooks, o. cit., pp. 486-7, citi Simp on•s
nau urat on ddress.
51
51
d
John on Brig~-~ ___ Harlan (Io Bio r phic 1
edited by Ben in am : Io City, Io a:
t e Historical Society of Io , 1913), note, p. 350.
52
ro , o. cit., p. 50.
153
The principal speech occasion of the year was com
mencement day. Friends of the University gathered from far
and near, preachers arranged their circuits so as to be at
the college and yet save themselves long rides and "severe
tax on horse flesh, "
53
and peopl of Greencastle
to ake "large arrangement
54
for men and horses.
re asked
ach
member of the graduating clas was required to deliver an
oration. Th people ould sit from eight o'clock in the
orning until tw lve, th neat in th ir at in the chapel
so as not to lose th ir plac s. 55 On y r h n Sip on
absent Professor Larrabee rot n enthusi tic 1 tte de crib-
ing thee rcise
•
Th audienc as cha n d do by their
eep t r at till past on o'clock, h aid. A slight
C strophe h pp n
d~
but nobody rt. or to
o 1 teri g t bl on o doz n h ds ( le] Dick r on
s pe king •
• •
h
so d ng ord
too c fo t
pl
d nt ' chool ti
hou 1
0
r n •
56
u
1
0 f
no b
0 0
1 u
uppo
n 1 1 ta n pi C
o d
t
tion o
on, o • ct.,
•
dy to Sim son, a 1,181.
54
Ibid., I
55B
ro , o
c O n to Sip on, un 17, 18 6 .
12.
56
1
S mpson, .2.E.• cit., m. C. Larrabee to 1 son,
arch 25, 1842.
154
in speech me.king; indeed, there as no more important function
of the college day than the religious exercises. The Metho
dists of Indiana ere used to the "mourner's bench," and to
glorious seasons" of revival effort. The college altars,
too, ere cro ded 1th penitents. Caleb ills, president of
the e School Presbyterian abash College, ri ing to
Sin~son, rejoiced to learn "that God ha visited your In 1-
u ion it the bless d influ nee of hi pirit, adding
tha 1 ~hool 1 0 d be n hed fro th s
source •
57
ond on of vi 1 occu d
• •
1 18 7, class s er u p nd d, thr public m ti e
held ch ay, and part of th ti bu n s pl c n
d. o on 0 C iv than on
0 t 1 r 1 h p n d ut 11z h
chl s hi loquenc in p
58
•
V V 1 d 1 C 1 not no ,
0 ver, to 1 th 0 ru o in th of
b
1 d 1 1 t on qu n 0
1
0 r to n u 1 C
•
e
0 t
n ul
I
C l d n ctob to
or 1gh or rt h
oa
l
er d C r s o b
r -
57
bid , C 1 b 111 to Sip on, p 11 20, 18 1.
58
Crooks, o. c
--
. 16.
quired to deliver a ritten lecture "occupying twenty to
thirty minutes each Sunday afternoon at three o'clock.
59
155
Lectures and Addresses. The lectur a, hich had been
instituted many~ ars before the Board's ruling, ere in their
inception not confined to the areas of religion and moral.
anuscripts and fragments sho that Simpson addressed the
students on anatomy and physiology, on envy, on them nd,
on errors of thinking and ho to guard a ainst them, on b aut,
o the valu o national days of c lebr tion, on the mini try.
elect s r
ins r1 , som tim so four or fie, and in
o in tance manu cript numbe ed t o and 1 v n
i
om
a seri s o " usin s on th V lley of the
phr tes.'
"ost o the
or
t
ts
no t nty
r
nut
shot, r qui in no
ford 11 e y.
So
ns ht into th pr sid nt's thin 1
b
ned
0
r t
1 cture
d
fro fr nt of
b
cc 1 ur
at
ddr s
•
e
d
id 1 in hi t
r al
d p oo
did
i h
c oic of to ic
•
llud d to
class cal
olo y, to bi
lie 1 narr
V , 0 nci n
1 tor,
n
to od
n 1 r ur .
caution
d th
tud nt
abo
t th
nee
s t
0 X rci
pin
cl
tc
n
,
,
di t
a n
d hi th t
mot on
oft n ri b
of
e cond
ton
of
he bo
and
tha
many a
has
11 nat d
I
is
riends becau
e his
liver
xcret d
11
littl
or bil
59
ro , 2P_. c 1 t., pp. 12, 13.
156
one day than it did another.
60
He recognized that there
might be some truth in phrenological theories--respecting
funct ions of various parts of the brain--but declared that
"• •• it must ever be impossible to tell from the external
form of the cranium the • • • internal development.
61
He
enlarged upon his favor! t
ducational theme: lmo 1 dge 1s
requisite to happines , "man must lmo
here he is, and hat
are his instruments before he can acquire contentment or
success ."
62
Stud nt must learn to act upon ev d nc, not
impr s ions , thy must get over their childhood dependence upon
oth rs for their conclusions.
63
The aut enticit of th old
64
testament he accepted i t out que ion, be eg ed
vel tion as so d te t 0
subject
suit bl
or
stu
n to
think upon.
0 V , h 1 hed out
t th
f nc1 1
in of
11
ous peo 1,
ridiculing tho
ho rote
1
d
artic
on h ind
of frui
ve pl ck d
0 th
t
an stated
their rea on
1th muc
confid
nc t OU
... y
had
tood
in th
g n and beh
1 th b uti
1 f it
r ta t
d
it 1 sciou
0 ubj ct, h insi t d, a
sit bl
for
Sr OU
f c ion unl
t ud
nt could
24, 1 4 •
60
s1 pson,
0
•
cit.,
cture on
to y,
J nu ry
61
Ibid.,
Lecture
on the Cr
ni ,
1843.
62
Ibid.,
Co enc
ent ddr
, n.d.
6
Ib d.,
'Leet
on th
ind, o. ,
" D cember
13, 1842.
64
Ibid.,
u ings
on the
Valley of
the Euphr t
s, o.2
157
answer affirmativ ly the question "Have I any po ers by the
exercise and attention of which I can acquire any knowledge
of 1t1"
65
He cautioned against the tendency of some "overly
eager persons" ho read too rapidly, and fail to digest hat
they read, and against the desire of others to have an
opinion
on every topic and "so to circum ent careful think-
ing . tt66 praised his ge as one of active enterprise--
The goo
ld days of leisure are forever
n 67 h
gone -- , e
lauded the constitution hich cont ins so
elementary princi lea of liberty and ord r,
68
and he eulo
ized the flag in a manner suggestive of the conclusion to
h s ost popular ar-ti o tory:
••• thee 1 th t clust r o stars--of qu 1, b uti
ful, b 1111 nt st rs. o sun or moon to di by x-
c s1 brilli c or gnitud -- o comet or plant
to ander or di ppe r, ut star und , unc ngeabl,
xt n is abl t s th t mile on. in th r o in-
e nt bri ht e thout ev n t nkling of j lo y
t the t ou d r b ight orb that r b a in all
ound the •
9
e advised th tud nts to b
er , o
o d s lee
n if
t h bo oft
and plain in their
on, to fe 1th m lv
Co
70
unit • ch d
t e 1th t e re pon ibllity of 1 borin for the elevation
6
, D C
66
Ibid.,
67
Ib1d., B
6
8Loc. cit.
---
69
Loe . cit.
0 thin in and ho to guard gin
L ctur on th ind, o. 4, December 20 , 1942.
ccal ure te S on, n.d.
158
of the masses." It as an object unllcncwn to Athens, "the
Paradise of Antiquity," 1th its thirty-on thousand citi
zens and four hundred thousand slaves, but it was the
11
le-
gi ttnate design of Christianity," it was "in peculiar harmony
1th American Institutions," and it reflected the "tendency
of the improvements and discoveries of the age." This great
object once realized, h said, would "employ the ealth of
the orld productively • • • effectually remove all causes
of ar," it ould b "the crownin glory of humanity."
70
The ministry, he believed, as th highest of all
professions and should be entered into only after one s
sure t at he had been "called." The attract veness of the
o k, the d sire of th parents or youth, ere not ad qu te
est , nor as th selection of th chu ch . The only sati -
ctory eans of te tin the c 11 r, fir t, for the
youth to believ that he
"called ," and econd, to abide
b t e d cision of the church--if th church did not s~ngle
out, or if after trying his bil ty,
ould b de by the d cision.
71
jected hi , h
h lectures r e 1 adapted to stud nt audi nee.
di isions er sha p and clear, it th fir tly, s condly,
an t hirdly, usually called out un bas edly, and th fra
ork as ell supported 1th illus ration.
1th humor h a
he dut
?O
Ibid., To labor f or the levation of the
o the Americ n Schol r, n.d.
ass:
71
Ibid., "
Lectur son inistry, o. 2, 1842.
159
generous and natural. Did the lecture on the cranium seem
abstract? He lightened it. There was an ancient theory,
he said, which supposed that ideas were like little particles
floating around in the back of the brain; when stirred up
they were in consciousness, hen settled like sediment, thy
were in memory. The theor must yet be much more idely
accepted than is commonly be~ieved, for the schoolmaster-
thinking the ideas of his pupil settled--mak his head
fairly ring 1th a brisk cuff and so sends the particles in
moti on until they dash against each other so furiously as
to shine like stars. He, of course, ould omit refer nee
to that other process of 'stirring them up th a lo
rod'" bee use h could not "anatomically trace ny very
reat connection bet een the ideas and the pets to ch
72
the rod is applied. n H gave a humorous descript on o
a student ho, unpr pared in eometry, ent reluct t
o the board , t every step c st·n
lance to ascertain hether an one
around him a :t'urtiv
73
s lau
•
e
chi ed he students ho , rather then study, put forth their
efforts in cultivatin a hear ng sharp enough to c tch the
hisperings of their cl ssmates, and rned them that if the
Ph lo ophical theory' that ani al organs d velop, lik
72
Ibid., Lectur on Cr ium," 1843.
73
Ibid., "Lecture on ind, No . 2,' December 8 , 1842.
160
the elephant's trunk, the hog's nose, the squirrel's fore-
legs and claws, to meet their needs, these students, by their
great desire to hear would "by and by give rise to a race of
animals 1th most dreadful lons ears . "
74
These lectures ere of great importance to Simpson.
They afforded him an occasion to gather up the thoughts of
h s earlier re ding, to formulate the basic philosophy of
his ife . In his later y rs, ove helmed
th administra-
t v r sponsibil ties, he had little ti e to study or to
think .
e relied, th r fo , on th ides of his young
manhood . Th 1 a ing thought of most of his rat peaches
c n b traced to th Indian p riod.
lation to tudents . Testimoni 1 of "good oral
c aract r' ere r quir d o
tud nt
or ad ssion to th
ve s ty. Th d scipline as de cribed as
0
mild but
r ct .
It
th d
re o the aculty to
in the
ff ct ons o the student , and • • • to manif st th
nd ss o fr n , r t er than th cold attention of
er n true tors .
0 e ,
student
is o e to in
ould be "d1sm sad
n
o 1 o diso d ly h bit
t a t le disgrace as po sible.
75
7 4
rb 1 d • , L i d
ecture on n,
o. 3. D camber 13, 1842.
75
nnual Catalogu, op. cit., p. 11.
- -
161
The young president as as ood as his word. At
an early date students dubbed him "Old Doc," and they long
remembered that he was "a rigid disciplinarian."
76
At th
same time, embarrassed country boys found in him a arm-
hearted man
77
ho himself looked not unlike a farmer,
parents, anxious for the " oral " of their boys, sought his
78
personal supervision, and young en invit d to hi hom
recalled afterward the fireside scene, the pres dent, 1th
some musty old velum in his hand, and his f et on th
fender,' Ell n, his ife, orkbask tin her lap, 'ever and
anon calling his ttention to some household m tter, and
1 t o ch ldren, Jimm arne tly en aged in fatho n t
a ful ysteries of a-b-ab nd ••• Charle cuttin cs
79
• • •
Gone from the campus, they reported their ac
ties o h m, bo t n of he number of p eac ng en e-
80
£ t , tell n o their succ ss or probl sin sc ool
e C ,
ven confi in their lo problems--lmo full
ell he oul be interested in C h cb not only n-
o ed a yo
1 dy in • Beech r' Second e b eri
76
crook , 0
•
C t •,
pp. 161, 162 .
?7
righam,
C t •,
17. 0
•
p •
78
s1 pson,
.21?..
cit., J • ills o Simpson, Oc ob r
B,
1
41.
ec
79
Ibid. ,
ber 1, 1841.
• G. eek to rs. llen H. impson,
SOibid., T A
•• Good in to Simpson, December 7, 1841.
•
162
Church at Indianapolis , but put at stake the reputation of
a young
ethodi t and the institution which he represented .
81
Introspection. The Indiana paper do not contain
the quant ty of introspection, of self-scour ing hich
characterized his earlier ministry.
o and then is a note
s
O
n that he tri d to be exactin of himself--as he as
of the students, that he pl nned ri i schedules to hich
he cou d not adhere and then noted n hi
cessi e days: " o
our o'clock.
• •
at
ournal, on sue- •
ose at 5 minutes
after
• • •
ose 5
inutes before 5-- y some
ns I am
ron
to b co e ir egul r in
y h
•
So et es int
e rl Indi n
on s
ed to for t hi
, hi
,
a 1 o
the
orbid, int
specti
th t
C
82
coll e
n r , a
old
s, att
e ,
h
in-
0 is
s cc
n 1 nc
, 0
o hi
po ul ri y
d po r
n
nd an
Ct O I
d
' h
d o 1
1
pl
or
• to en o t
d
of
n
n
t t
0 1 ,
oul n to o e xt nt h publ c
nd.
e
n dr
d
o · succe
co e over
in 11 hi
m.
e
s
nt p
er
•
d t n
rone in he
chan e ould
eat human
81
Ibid., Jo eeler to impson, ctob r 28, 1 41.
82
Ibid,, Jorn 1, ay 11, 12 14, 1840.
163
hive." It was rang for him, he said, possessed of a nature
so de fee ti ve and impure,
to live
upon
the
resources
o:f the
church , to talk of
things
that he kne
so
little about,
to
instruct hen most
of all
he needed to
be
tau
t.83
The cause
for his
morbid reflection
as that
tragedy
had befallen him, and he could not understand it. As a
preacher he as successful, God had blessed him, he had
its for his 1 bor. But in Janu ry of 1842 his ldest
child , five- ar-old Ji y" as suddenly stricken 111 and
ken by death. Ap arently Simpson could read in it only
a udgment o
G od.
ong
hi paper
th r
i , in his o
hand,
no
e r C to thee
nt, no di r
entr ,
o cop
0 1 tt r,
onl a f
not
s of
sol ce
fro
f iend
Uncl
ho tr
ed to co
fo
im it t
tho
ht tha
1
1
a es
d b
n
lac d
t
ch of
in of
a
an
of deat
on th
i s o
•
ust
nm d
pe -
p
ct
8
• •
•
1 te
lo uent p
che
ould
llude
e
rness to
11 hands
h ch b c
d
to h
85
on
n,
h
oul
V
it
on
d y the
11 tle
r ve
n Greene
stl
a d
ec
11th
po
nant g if
C th
oun
n had
f 1
8
Ib d., Simpson to llen H. i pson,
y 1, 1 42.
1 ., 1842 .
4
Ibid.,
Uncle
tt
Si
on to
i pson, January
8
G o g
L
8
York: Harp r
on
86
so many years before.
164
But at the ti. e of the death, Si pson as inarticulate.
Ellen, unable to bear the sorro away from her mother, had
gone home to Pittsburgh, taking the other ch ld 1th her.
impson remained at his duties, mournin over the loss of
his son, perplexed by the contradict ons of God, ove h lm d
by a sense of loneliness. "r feel," he ot
as i f there as not a heart in th hol unive s that
beats in unison 1th m o , as thou Is ood lon,
l ike so e solitar tree on a little island 1th t e
ild a s dash ng around me, and sh ng a a the
evi l from bout m roots, bile my head as alr ady
bending as though to f 11 in the giddy curren --
like a tr e struck n d-s~-~e b t cath n
l i ghtni ng hich has torn the b and turn d to ello
l eness the le th t but y ste d y b auti
gre n . hen th n turn iv y to br i t r t
t in h d O fancy OU
her, t 11 o e ng in th
orld, ich cl ons, nd ich i
orth t o 1 • o es I v ntur to h
a br ter and a fairer orld, an o do th
n d an i ty o t g ic
oss ble o
7
me to beco e 1
o t 11 t . . . •
of
h
l·
n
on
•
cam
to
the
pr
s d
nc
0 Ind
bur
an
t
n 18
h
est
a
still r
1 ng ro t he
lo
0
r a p
nic
0
18 7,
h ch h d b
n pr c p
t t d b
J C
on
ra al of
cie
fro
th
tion 1
•
hep
oble
86
impson,
87
0 •
Ct., S
pson
o Verner
1 p on,
.d.
- -
n to 11 n
• 1 pson, .ay 1, 1842.
165
further complicated by over-expansion in internal improve-
m ents. Indiana had voted approval of canals, railroads,
and turnpikes, and had borrowed money for construction.
stron local interest.a prevented careful planning and build
ing o one unit at a time., 1th the result that contracts
re let and many projects ere begun at the same time.
By u u t, 1839, th State as hopelessly in debt, and the
r al i provements board ordered all ork to c s •
88
ot until 18 7 did Indian p
legislation hich st led
r ccoun s 1th h r creditors,
d th n sh
s fo ced
b public opinion to r pudiate one-half of h r outs a
g
bonds .
n 11, th curre cy a d mo aliz db
lood
dog ,
0
easury no
, bank nots, ban scrip,
lue dog , ' and "blu pu ,
8
o t o t r c nt.
11 of
ch
1
s dep cit d
0
t s ore d t p y its pro es or in
0 er p . 90
e 1
e t
t t
p to
pr s dent, hi
nc
or on
I
0 d
, 0
strictl bus n s b
ould
p , it
nt
1 J s o e
n h borro
,
t, on d
he
1
nd.
ppl en h s irre
r nco e, h v ntur
( nd
ogan
, Vol.
I
n
s:
t
• J
03-6, 69.
I b d . I pp.
383, 80.
90
Croo s,
•
156 •
91
Si pson, ~- cit.,
Uncle
atthe
impson to
Pon,
O ctober 17, 842.
166
into the merchandise business, receiving in one order such
diverse items as hard shell almonds, plo s, and rock candy.
e began, also, a life-long investment and speculation in
real estate .
92
Th problems of financing the niversity
re many.
Althoug there ere pled es, no endo ent xisted. An
indebtedness r std upon th build ng, and the source of
revenue r f
and irr gular.
a 1,100 , and acult
r
Simpson's salar
0 00 do
to
as set
400
93
,
by 184 all sa ri shad b n reduc d. Th inco rom
tu t on as in
t.
e irst inane 1 lan c lled
s
t e selli
of chol
at 100
ch, t e s
olde
o be ntitl d o
don
t o colleg fo
ea , or t el v
e
ns.
r t 1 chol r
re
t
g nt
to
eac
00.
ch r
1 0 s
0
e b d t occur
, ho ever, be nn n
18
don
9
b
n 18 9 and
lt OU
1
ch n
rec
r
r
C o ference of 1840 allotted singl
d r ied en 200 . It a e
r c r
100
r
ct d, of cou s, h
92
d •'
c ullough to
i son, Dec
o.
ber 21,
Bro
,
0
•
cit.,
p • 21.
94
C t •; s
t,
cit.,
55 ff.
oc.
£I?.•
p.
-
1 ,
C
t
18 1.
167
preachers would be supplied 1th food, lodging, and clothing
as they travelled the circuit. Thomas Eddy, however, re
ported that he received only two hundred dollars during his
irst t ee years of preach ng, and as much gratified to
~ceive ~365 in 1845 hile he as servin his first stati
•
ve on Cynthiana Circuit Isa c O en, in 1844, s cured
e rl seven hundred dollars in subscriptio s fo the college,
hile t e ·unior reacher on that circuit could collect only
s ven dollar and f ft c n s or t e f rst qua te of hi. a
ear alary. Oen r ported tat people oul subscrib
ne
bo hoods
ere 'th
11 do noth n for a c re,
0 p
on
ac er .
95
18
ne
st b
0 0
r
•
n C 1
, and scarcel
nyth n
o t e
C m
roject d, po d n tat
o con ribu
r , and t t
one doll r
r
18 8 ro
96
2,000.
ct
C 0
0
0
1, ltho h
e t o
nt
ch
u
h
ch
r
u 1
r put
ro t
eem d
0 O
on
po s b 1
ov
helm n bu
n
n cou 1 d
th h
o e
es t h college,
, non th 1 s, t
5
Croo s , o. cit., p . 157, ctn
on, r 1 22 , 44.
•
• L rab e to
9
Seat , o.
168
most significant inst~ent in his development during his
years in Indiana. The only ay for the college to get money
as for it to gain the support of the peopl , and that sup
port could be on no mor eff cti vely than by having the
president in the field lecturing and preaching. He as ov r
hel ed by invitations f om the preach rs ho anted him
for quarterly eatings, campmeetings, d dications, sabbath
school conv ntions, debates against Calvinists. Th y tried
bribe h to co
•
Said one,
e think your visit ould
d uch to ncreas the donations so necessary for po-
curin our anticipat d Library paratu •
97
I h
a
ree bo s
on t
tock
n I fe 1 V y
sure th
y will b
o launch
the sbury
niver
it by du
t
8 y
0
,
oth r, an third
ai ,
ro the p
s ion you
,
1
n this part o
the St
feel
11 a ur d
• ver
manz, oul be b ought to th church,
hon er
dour
ni
9
Th
b rs of
broth
r's
• • • on
,
e S p on h d pr ch d, insi t d t the b
bac to th
•
It 11th
th t e ant one to
ara us
d 1 b r
ty [U] lib rally •
• •
nd th t if t
th t I
ould hav
oul p y
ou h re
97
i pson, o. ct., G. C. Hollid y to Simpson,
.arch 15, 1 41 •
9
Ibid., John S. B yl s, rch 31, 1841.
9
Ibid., Robt. Stock ell et. al.,
- -
bru ry 7, 1844.
"
again.
169
He would take a subscription, he said, "of 75 or
a 100 dollars pay-abel [sic]
hen you close the 3d srmon
[sic ] •
0
100
In 1842 the Indiana Annual Conference p seed a
resolution requesting the Trustees to arrange for Simpson
to travel throughout the State for th purpose of extendin
his acquaintanc among the peopl and of promoting the
intere ts of the university. ,l0l
He set out on horseback in 1842, riding north
_ rou Cra ford vill and Lafay tt to outh Bend, her ,
abandonin his ho se
ch had t kn 1 e, he tra lled
into ic 1 an and other su roundin po nt b
b
y, in t h
102
co pan of th coll ge ent. I n 18 3,
in on o e-
to
ack , he ro
o h
outh st h
he e
r
re
r y
ons and t nt -th r
1 cur
d tr
lled four hund d
n y-t e d y ;
ha ,
t
he r po te
s to
i ,
0
to und d and t n
1
rt
n
ons to pr ch,
n t n 1 ctur
to
V
103
r .
On th
r
he b
t
b
0 ob
V n
ou n 1 zin in
n r h1ch 1 tr ch
ct rized h
bl b ne t
on he
p scop 1 t v 1
in h s pr ch ng.
nd pro d of
t rd
lOOib d., J hn t 1
• o on o p on,
lOlibid., E.
•
e and C.
•
b
t 9 , 1841 •
ut r. n.d •
102
rb d., n our Through ndian , 18 2, o rn 1.
103
Ibid., Sip on to 11 n • Simpson, (Jun, 1843.
nferred from r ference to h thirty-second birthd y.J
170
public squar , " he noted at Plymouth, and on the way to
Valparaiso , "collected a number of flo ers and plants-
Sundial, S eet William--Sweet Lydia--Golden Button--French
pink--Ladies Slipper &c.," and he sa
a large grey olf
104
who had "very little disposition to run from us. He
rode through the rain, he had a "pitched battle"
1th
covered
105
" osch toes,"
ay on a road heavily
and he had a run
106
th stumps.
But the details of landscape and
ha dsh ps of travel int ested him not so
ch as the
forg furn c and flour
11 of isha ak, the former ork-
n o e hie y eld d "fro 16 to 20%," nd the latt r run-
n n
tt
pairs o
ston
--T o for
c and z
t o for
,
c sto
107
th 1 bor
tory
nd cab n
t 0
,
or
m n ra
0
b
t
n, d the to
of
a
ony"
hich
' t 11 the
c eus o
1 d
11 ty. ,108
or ignificant, ho ev r, th nth opportunity
o ou al zin
th preach n e pr nc
h c the
ls af o
d h
•
h
tho st
d long held s cred
he b
f that no inst tution
s bett r ult d to th
ain n o
ach rs and pul it or tors th
the itiner nt
10
bid.,
Jou nal,
27,
June 2,
1842 .
ay
105
Journal ,
un 8 , 184.
106 b d.,
o rn
1, Apr
1 22,
1845.
lO?Ibid. ,
ourn
1, June
3, 1842.
lOSibid.,
ournal,
Jun
9,
1843.
171
ministry. Travelling from place to place, the circuit-
rider preach d and repreached the same sermon, enlarging,
polishin , and refining . "It is very s ldom," Simpson said
to the Yale students in 1878, "that a sermon can be very
ably rought out by the first effort of eith r speaker or
riter.•
109
So there on the frontier of Indiana he began
to test the them s hich later marked hi as the most elo
q ent voice of ethodism.
Preaching uccess s. Th fe re aining accounts
o h s sermons, s ell as th honors besto ed upon him by
t e people , indicat that his first early succ sses in
ndiana ere often qu led in the years th t ollo
•
ansas pre ch r ho had b n a student at th University
in 1842 e
ber d any y ar later
se on pre ched by
1 pson in a c pm eting nea
r enc stle.
hortly befor
oon , s th stud nts sat in th r class s th y h a d so
runn ng on the st i s ,
d
moment later the door
s
h o
op
n
voic
OU d,
Pres d nt Si p
on preach
t t e C
p- round
t on
o'clock.
r d sm s d
and stu ent
,
alon
t h to
and
count
opl
hurried to
e place
of th
et
n •
h au
inc
as
large, gr
t r
an that
hich had
th r d on
u.nda, the
sp ce insid
th
re t alt
r-r 11
lon b in fill d
th
or
t an
iv
172
hundred professed Christians.
110
Simpson chose as his text, 'ultitud s, multitudes,
in the
valley of' decision:
for the
day of the Lord is near
in the
valley of
decision."
111
After a short,
characteristic,
expos t on on the
literal meaning of
the te t, he said that
he thought it not i
proper to direct
the ords to them
per-
sonally, and say to them, as a messenger from God, " ulti
tudes , multitudes in the vall y of decision." God , looking
upon thos pres nt, ould se the in the 11 to th ir
per on 1 characters , he ould recogniz the corner, th
harden d sinner, th
hypocrite , t
backslider,
the
n·tent ,
and he child of
God.
n yon h bro ht th
of 0 p
t e con
regation
to
"valle
0 decis
on,
'
he
t
arn
at to so
e of th
t
, p ob
bly, th
1 0 final
cision
ch should d te
n for
hem, e
1 , the
al or
oe o
ete
ity.
'
Then
• • • he c 11 d up befor us
because final , v lley o d cl
o od , d a s all d be or
i dr ds , onus , and p opl
ere • and th teIT ble po r,
dge , one b on, prono ce
cla ses heh d pr v o ly po tr
ch
d th
C n •
t other, ore tr
n , th nt- b
,
t ost
o hou at
d
p son o
e doo o t es v
n ords o arv llous ore , dis
oo s or re ards, clos ng th the
h ble, fa th 1 Chri an . T
• • • • then,
s ed t m to th r
bles i ng on the
thr 11 n beyo d all desc pt on a
cture de s
he po tr d th
1
110 roo
S , 0 •
cit ., c tin
Dr . O.
• unsell, pp . 187-8 .
1 1
Joel
3 :14 .
A
173
glorified Christ leading the hosts of God's elect children
from the judgment-bar to the gates of heaven, while the
an els cried, 'Lift up your heads, 0 ye gates, and b
ye lifted up, ye everlasting doors; and the King of glory
shall come in.' It seemed that in this triumphant en
trance into heave t hought and langus.ge alike must be
exhausted, but not so; the almost inspired orator, grasp
ing in hi s vision the indiv dual soul of an humbl but
lorified saint, hose life he had prev ously described
to us , placed him before t e throne, and fac to face
it the King; and then, in lan a e almost indescribable,
e pictured that same soul gazing, azing , ever g zing
upon the unveiled face of its Redeemer , and, as he looked,
be n evermore changed into the same likeness, and yet
evermore hun ering more and more s the soul expanded in
its attempts to grasp the infinite beauty, f i finit
p rfections, and the 1 finite glory of G od.
thi
po nt the people
1th n the
rat altar
spr g to
their f et, 1th shout
and er es
and te rs and
1 ughte
" •
0 ore than an
our thee c
m n cont
nued ,
so
n e
ha all effo ts
to control
i , even
bys
n
n '
e
8
11 n .
113
nother se
on, p e ch
dur n
1 y
in
pr
s d ncy ,
as lso
lon
remem
r d
or he
n ch
f ct
d the
hea
r
•
he tot 1 e f
ct, s
roo s po nt
0 ,
as
ei
tened b t
e contra
bet
en
m son'
p
s ng
a pear
nee
and hi 'o
r eloqu
nee .
114
an
t e
scene
s an
nd an.a c
pmeet
•
0 1 ,
C
led to
t eir
rude benc e
by
sound
of
song,
ited
ex
ct ntly unt
1 the pr ac
r C
tot e pl
tform•
nor
112
Crooks , .2E.· ct., pp. 188-89.
11
oc. cit.
ll4I d 1
. , p .
--
•
174
ere they displeased as Aaron Wood, Richard Hargrave, John
1• ~ mi th, and others c rune through the open door ay. ut
hen the presiding elder placed the bi bl in the hands of a
very oung looking, smooth shav n, ruddy faced young n, so
unimposi ng in his blue jeans that he had sc re ly b n
noticed, there as murmuring in the congregation. n
0 1
he. Do you kno him?" and the ans r, "He hain't a
r lling preacher. I kno all the pr ch rs o the on-
er nc •
e is a loc 1, I eckon." There a appr h ns on
les th elder ould put h
up top e c, and th n rel ef
0
n t e t ou t that
as onl opening th
rvic to
V
stren th
of B
oth r H
r rav.
But the la
0 s
un
th
treng r ,
'look n 1
r
h Sund
SU ,
e
and
n ounce
1 te
t:
'
er o e
u
1 o, th th
s C
th p opl
1 h h
o n
lood , s d
th-
t e
'
ce
don
ared b
11
si pl ,
n ment. e
s
e 1 o n . In
er o T ple ,
blood- t
d n l a
v 11, th nin
s, c n e e to
s 1 J rice 1 on
e s • h d t e , and
o t , and con t he t n
it t , he t ue a o od '
Calv ry• alt , t e of body
t d ine High- p iest o on.
115
Ibid , p. 19 , c ting Rev . Dr . aron urney.
1'75
so real was his description that we seemed to be gathered
about the cross, and to hear reviling Jes and insultin
mobs; we sa the gambling soldiers and parted raiment;
then the awful horror of darkness; the earthquake, the
bursting rocks; the convicted centurion's confession.
Then, at the cry from the sufferer, 'It is finished,'
he turned, and, pointing to the spot where he had placed
the Temple, he said, 'See! See 1 Its v 11 is rent, its
holy of holies is uncovered. ~ e Je ish priests e need
no mor, for our great igh-priest has entered through
death into t e unse!r hol, having obtained eternal
re e pt on for us • '
6
The audience listened, 1th eyes kindl n g and faces
r hten n as th
lik a river o
lo i periods' o t e pre c er rol ed
ire nan unbroken tide o patho and po er
n their hearts .
1
The people "s a d to nd ro in s p thy
t h ov nts , t y ose and fell to the rhyt
s ur
•
t y sobbed, th t· y shouted
• •
eache r ached hi cli d sa do abruptl
•
n d d t 1 rn, as the que ton,
"
o is h '? ,
to 1 t e db en 1 st nin tot
nt o u n e t
117
•
OS 0 t acco ts of
s
mp on's 1 p
n a t r d beco f OU 0 tor b
OU
h vi t 0 the r
•
h
o se sed o
a ke n of th dr ic, no onl
r
co
ch ng,
bu
n th 1 r
r
tin
f at s, the
116
Ibid , pp. 192-3.
117
Ib1d ., pp. 193-4.
n SC nc s. T y rec 11
emb d 1 ost nu
o his
•
Only
le
n
ch
n ho
n h r
d ly
ount bl
176
obstacles or dangerous hazards hich confronted the preacher
~hose e.xploi ts they were eulogizing. So it may well be that
som e of the det ils in the accounts of Simpson's great sermons
are exaggerated or inaccurate. That the narratives were
generally correct in the overall effect of his preaching,
ho ever, is attested both b his success 1th the people
and by the fe contemporary accounts hich remain. Of the
1att r, t e most tho ough 1s that related by Thomas
•
ddy,
young pr ache r in th Indian Conference. The s tch, found
ong ddy's p apers, very probably as ritt n durin
conferenc seas on for one oft e etbodist papers.
he occasio as the Sabbath e ning e tin t t
nd n onference of 1846. S son h d been announced for
seven o ' clock , 'bu long b fore si t h re as a den e c o d
of ea r men , o en, n ch dren at er d for hole squar
a ound t ch r e , a n op n n 0 00
•
ddy,
ng 'o en n ss d ani tation of h marve ou
ud c e , and ant c ti noth r uch occa ion,
h d
cli bed
plank, era 1 d t h o d indo , d
ec
e
co ort b eat before th doors r 0 n d d
era bl
gan. n h hous a f 11 d, t he pr c er
e
e e
, pre
d h s a to the pulpi and op ned t e ,
er
C
n a
manner hich nd c ted so t n of emb
s -
ent .
is
t ext a ehol I end you forth as shee in ,
d t o
ol ve • b ye th r for s a s r pents, and
•
177
d
11118
harmless as oves.
His theme as, the 'Call and qualifications of the
Christian minister.' ••• The qualifications for this
vocation he presented as twofold. The wisdom of the
serpent, the harmlessness of the dove; that is, great
kno ledge and deep personal piety. aving exhibited
cle rly the essentials of m nisterial qual fication, he
dre a vivid picture of ministerial toil and re ard. e
sa the devoted itinerant obey ng the command of Jesus,
'Go.' Go in the fac of povert, dan er, d ath, dis-
race! e sa his f ily afflicted, his o fr e
a ted and orn. ? e follo ed him 1th anxiou con-
te lation until heard the same voic speak again.
ut it no loner said 'Go.• Inset st ccents it
said •C o , com, come u hi rl' At t point ther
a an irrepre ible b rt of fe lin a on t e pr ch s
i n the congr tion, ich so over h 1 ng and
longed a tor nder it 1 po ble or hi to proce
is
f or sev ral m nu e • s or me, oul, t th
of t at ser on, ha 111 ngl v d an appo n
to C n t 1 fr ca • 19
The out
tanding
ch r ct
1 tic of
s ora
ory of
rod,
me e d by n
rl
11 ho
dt
bout
i
ab 1 t to
ctur , to dub nd apply
is
1
such
d
n V Vi
colo t t e peo
1
i n pa
n or an
h, n oy or C t cy a
t
d t e c vas
ad dr
n
fo
• d
d r
d colorl
n
r a
ed
d s r d• e p n d, 1
ic hue h
d ar s ,
blood of 1
, his color tak n fro
P l sat n str
r nc. Th po 1,
tch-
a
and v
n th por rait,
r pro tr t
h o or ri f. So, in 1 ter
ars, thy did not r call
11a
0
roo s, o • cit., p. 1
•
11
bid. pp. 194-5.
,
178
be.the said, they remembered only the pictures, and the
artist who had painted them.
He came to be idealized in Indiana, not alone for
his oratory, but for himself, and for th opportunity that
the people must have had to project themselves, their ishe,
their ambitions into his abilities and achi vements. Colle
president thou
he as, and eloqu nt sp aker, he as y t
"one of them, and lov d nearly as much for his co rse or
120
couth clothes, for his po erful talents. e s
o ten ta en for an itinerant, and the story s told t t
.en ent to Dayton, Ohio, to ed ct a chu c
'
as
s
1
e re
onor
0 e
ary o
8
an
of
h
· t odi
or a local p e&cher and ven h s SU
1 t d or th. co n of t e
i
121
r . p on.
h p opl 0 d th r pprec ton
on i
•
c 11 d r edl
C t on nd C 1 ser , h
nee, an ono C annu
e
te o the epi co , and
,
d a n n 1848 d 1852, h h
d legation o th qu dri nniel n r 1
C urch .
120
Ab 1 S
t C urch ,
121
Crooks ,
ev n , . atth
The T tional
son,
e , ?:
------
o. cit., p. 196.
pe alone
onor d est ,
b he ping
i 1 ently
1 ct d C
11 C d
s na
J
d of h
Con r nc
hop o t e
, Octob , 1855.
179
Political Activities. Political power as a natural
consequence of imps on' s popularity
th the ethodist people ,
and of is pos tion as head of Indiana sbury University.
lt ough he as admittedly a . 1 , he publ cly disclaimed,
as he did al 1 throu
in po itical matters .
his lif, ny interest or p rticipation
ronethel as, he became nvolved in the
c nva or governor in 1843, h se er 1 ti es used h a in-
1 ence to secure appoint ents for friends or a ec al favors
0
re
e ni ers , nd e
u
e as qual r
t
or Ind
he ca pai
,
1
h a
o 1 4
s
0
eno n
nth le s a ur
or
A bury.
e n o
0
r,
lv
r t
yi ar
ons h db n fi
ng
on on
S 0
ta f of h
t te col
t OU 1 0
t
u-
1
t
n
ho
122
0
n t C
lt
0
•
n
ood b
e o
r
o n
on n
or a ro essors
it
em ber d .
par
, o ve,
h
n
n
ol t c 11
t to
t es
n lon
not b n
r o.
unt 1 S pson c
to the pres
nc.
t t
u t
122
r er, Jul
pson,
3, 18
SS., o. ct., Si pson
0
1
180
when Simpson first heard the story of the governor's earlier
attitude and began to ci culate complaints about it is not
clear, but the matter had become of sufficient concern to
B ger so that in the inter of 1842-43, six or eight months
before election, he called Simpson and sev ral other etho-
123
d st preachers to Indianapolis for a confe ence i th him .
In the sum.mer o
1 43,
h n Sim son
as
travell
ng in the
n eres s of the
University,
there cam
fro
'every
sourc
"
or of h
' 1 ct
o eerin
pedition .
12
In D lphi
as r port d t at he ads id
n publ c
ad r
ss th
t
t e t odist C urch h d co pet nt p r ons to conduct
co le es not
t st
ding
it h d be
0 he
contr
by a
n hi
in of ic
125
rom
ayn
n
ous
,
•
0
e
nd d
0 h con
r nee
e had h
ov rnor
Bi
r, an ask
d hi
ol bus
ss
a
0 b
n ti f cto
1 (
C] e p
ned
adjusted
126
• • •
ca
pre
C e
ro
0
s co ce
anner
p 0
' s
of
in t
h
n
0
ens
CO n C
1
e co
n
b r-
0
ct
on
n in u
0 S inf u nc
pon
e
r pects
[
c]
Gov B
127
n tt, th
ed tor
0
er.
12
Loe.
C
•
-
12 Ib
. ,
L.
erry to S
mpson,
July 26,
84
•
125Ibi
. , I
rover
to
i pson,
Septemb
r 15, 184
•
126
• B 11
. ,
•
to
mpson,
July s,
184
•
127 _bid•'
James
tryker
to
impson, J
16, 1843.
181
Indi ana Journal, had heard from "20 veritable sources" that
Si mpson had been trying to defeat Bigger.
128
However, as
the Sentinel po nted out, the editor of the Journal as
trying to use Simpson and the rumors about him to def at
129
igger.
Several months prior to the campaign another inci ent,
fortunat e from the gov rnor•s point of vie , occurred to
s arpen Si pson' s distrust of the adm nistration and to in-
cease
belief that he, as a repres nt t ve o th
etho-
dists , ha be n urpos ly
ront d. On of h Stat •s
perio ical e cational conv nt ons as held t Ind n
lis
Januar but
Si pson,
ch to th
um 11 ti
of his
b et
r n of th
Chu ch ,
not invit d to spe
k unt
t
a
hour . H e t
n sed, b 1 V g ,
r ntly , t t
t ton
onl
cond
c ndin
poli 1c
u
•
ec
er
•
• •
co.
e
n
•
pson,
t
-
C
,
n n i t d t
ly p
od o t
con-
a
h dre
but h
s d
nor
'
0
,
path
h p
1 C
o e -
0
1
0
fh t
f ct
d
i gn
or no
C an
, or
x ec
,
t
d, 1th
1 h e ro t h o
h p r
or
0
t
oon i d t h
h
o enor,
h s lf,
128
Ibi d.,
L . e
to s
p on, J 1 26,
18 43
12
ndian
t
1, u st 1, 184
•
1 0
p on,
0
• C t •,
4 .
L . Berry
to Si
pson,
Ju y 26,
182
"on public occasion" treated Simpson, as representative of
Indiana Asbury University and the ethodist Church, " 1th
t
nl31
personal disrespec •
Beecher, goaded into public denunciation by the
subtle electioneering, the whisperin s, and the hyper-sensi
ti eness of th Indiana Asbury president, e coriated Simpson
and the ethodists in a speech at Cra fordsville; he exposed
the election erin techniqu sand told the story o the con-
ention .
he speech, reported briefly in the ndianapolis
press , as a politic 1 blund r
ich succeeded in alienat-
ng more ethodist fro Bi gge r and bringin upon B ec r
t e ath o
1g
s chu ch and p r ty 1
One 1 ading
•
r ported to Si p on'
riend erry, in ndianapolis , that
if 1 er
ated it mi ht nd oul be assc b d (sic]
o e ch r .
B
ho had no ore lov
or
echer t han
i
n tr al
ofe ion requ
d, di h s b t to d pen
ssion .
132
1 p on ,
an 11, r fus d to
public d -
1 a on and oul not p
err o o her fr nds to
n e he re
C
's sp ch, d sit th
pp 1
lo al
th
i th
or o
i act vi ies
r
it
s b t '
ct o n k d just c
I
to i er
11
Ib1d., James Stryker to mpson , un 16, 184.
132
r d., L . rry to 1 p son, Jul 26, 1843.
183
"that the public mind should be disabused.
11133
To James
Stryker,Simpson wrote an equivocal statement that since his
intervie
1th the governor "my most intimat friend has
not heard me express my opinion ev n as to my own vote."
H e did, however, recount to Stryker the story of Bigger's
act vity in the legislature, saying "our friends considered
e did it out of contempt. He denies that such as his
motive] •••
As for hi self, Sim son said, he as "not
active in political life.
He had al ays b n a
ig, but
he as "tired of th p rpetu 1 conte t or of 1c and the
po r h ch is so fi rcely a ed in our country.' It should
b r e ber d, ho ever, that "
hav bitter n mies
to inju
ou Un v s t •
her
church--and such r se i
rro s are d rect d gainst
--not tat I am orthy of th ir
tice, but
I
0 1
ced by th
Church
th t
to injur
ondl
hope
oul
crip
le t e
ov
nt
0 our
C U
h s
stat
m nt
de
1 d
only
or Stry
r's
•
0
0
ers , ' he
ot
t i
to
,
nou
th
I t
no
t ver
in
the
p
o ch n
1 cont
t
1
• •
•
0
rno
1gg r
de
t d o
r hel in
ly in n
e
ct
on
h
ch sa
th De
ocr t
p t
Stat
nd en
th
e
ht
en-
ear rul
0 the
in
Indi n
ol s.
n n an
1 3
Ib d., J e Str k r to i pson, Jun 16, 18
134
Ib1d., S
on to Jams Stryker, July , 184.
•
184
historian ascribes the defeat, in part, to the fact that the
135
Jethodist and Presbyterian churches deserted the Whigs.
That winter a representative of the Indiana Senate
Connnittee on Education wrote to Simpson, " ermit me on the
part of the Senates (sicJ Committee on education to say to
you that they would be much pleased if you can find it con
venient during your stay at Indianapolis to deliver a public
a dress on the subject of education.
136
Simpson complied
1th the r quest. In January he
1 ct oral Ticket, an honor hich
as propos d for the
declined.
137
Four
1
ar
a ter the election contest it as still thou t by so e f
t e le slators that Si pson had ta ht i g er a lesson'
ich he co ld asily n rep at
for th ben fit of oth
s.
1 8
ether
impson
s or as not am or in-
I
uence in the outco e of the el ction is not so sign f cant
a t e
t
t at th
b
1 ev d th t h had, thout
e er ope
1
declar n
hi
self, d feated
i g r. Si pson'
ad
eco e
n e to
conjure
1th, a po er
n poli ic ,
e
o sub
le a
ore t t no man co
ld d f n
1 and he
chose could deny
its X stenc
•
And so th
t odists,
5
ss re, o. cit., I, 470.
1 tin the church vote occurr d
a arent th t Cly as ob h
see .s a arrented inf renc • S
s an adm r r o lay.
1 6
s r y's ass
spec 11 af r
cand date n 184
pson, for exampl,
pso , .2E.• cit., • T. S . Cornett to Simpson ,
c ber 27, 1843 .
ho
137
Ibid . , • B
• erry to impson, Jenuar 2, 1844.
l
8
Ib d. ,
1
' Be t
• w. rry o
mpson, arch 31, 1847.
185
divided in their understanding of his part in the election,
ere united in their belief that he as respected and fear d
by the politicans. It was ever so 1th his political
activities. Unw llin to commit h mself op nly on public
questions, he noneth less moved about among th lead rs of
m en, xercising a control, or initiatin a rumor, until
.. tl odi and th opponents of ethodis alike sho ed d ference
o s po er.
I as true, moreover, that the tr d ion of h s
o er ha a basi in r ct some at or sub antial than t
con ec ures on Bigger' de eat.
e as not beyond r
n
a no e o a Congr ss a in be alf of a fr end, a lu 1
,
d
or
, t o th Con
rt cul rl
t . Soi
s an'
con 1 enc
~ f rmness
n
ical pri c
1
,139
, and no
i hout
ft e em er o Con
s
r
that tl rou
the ood of ce of
on and OS ph
•
r
t, D oc t nd support r
t e
hod ts a
1
.140 H
1b
' h
in an uns cce s
ur , 141 b t
1 9
inst B
er, a
nam d
0 a
sable to secur
nduc d t
S ert
1 atte pt to
th ost ob
ucat
ous pol
over
nt oc
nt
0
r to support
hoct nd
c 1 conf ic
n 0
and
mpson o Thos. 1 ke, et ber 17, 1842.
d .' •
.--.--,._t to
a h 2 , 1844.
141
rry to
son, Dec
im son, J u r
ber 23, 184,
10, 1844·
ebru r 7,
jlliam Henr
---~ a (Indian polis:
~m th, The istor~ of t h
estern Publ sh- n om any,
186
sharpest interdenominational skirmish of his nine years•
tenure of office, he as cleverly out-maneuvered.
abash
College , the "ne -school" resbyterian ins ti tut ion at
era fordsvill , after a di astrous fire in 1839, had secured
a loan from th State . In 1846 officials introduced a bill
into the legislature hich ould refin ce the loan, and n
1 eu of interest permit the school to ive fi
y ar
I
in-
s r
ion to one hundred students ho r rep parin to be
co on chool teachers. Th
ethodist
e alarmed at th
pros ect of on hundr d te che s pu
nto th
p tory
f ld t t t
one p ch
or ' s r .
d
2
pens to ork or abash, n advant
old i
ti
n
1 bor o
ur
mpson hastily c lled his bo
0
us es to et r and dr t d n n c to loan unds to h
ndiana
bur Uni
r i
143
Th ab
b
1 p s ed th
•
ture, but it
s rumo ed, on
ood u ho it ,
o rnor
ould v to 1t.
1
nth
h i de the
r n s about th s spir ts th had b n
1 5
or th o. B ger ff ir,' and op n a c on
e f f
a
o .
he tr
142
h 0
ph o th
0
d the
thodi ts, ho v r,
1
Si pson , o. ct.,
ecembe r 28 , 1846.
•
• B 1
s to S
143
Ibid., f
ragment o
anuscr pt,
n.d.
h
short
pson,
144
1 id., T 111 t Si 1
• • to mpson, January , 18 7.
C
on
145
Ibid., A •• Harrison to Sim son, Januar 15, 1847.
187
lived, for the legislature refused to receive the veto, say-
in that the Governor had kept the bill beyond the tim
146
le ally allotted to him. The "iniquitous a sh Colle e
Bill" became la , hile at the same time the propostion to
loan funds to Indi na Asbury Univ rsity "scarce met ·th
an countenance at all."
147
Influential r endships. Simpson' prominence in
educational and pol tic al affairs, as ell as
ou t hi into co tact 1 t many men ho
1 iou,
r dest ned
o ecome n tional igu
• ncluded in the number er
e 1 g ous 1 ad rs enry ad Be cher, hin s Gurl y,
rd
• es and sue poli ical le
r a Jos
,
cu le C lf x, D.
•
ees,
nd
ns.
OS i 0
nt o i p on
r
s
lo
a 1
•
,
,
,
v ns, and
•
,
ho
e
,
red t
d schoo
t
t
Ind
pat d
poli
n. J
n t
1 co
b Y,
Ci 1 ar. H
ocrat, nd
d no,
nc
o S pson .
H r n, n n ana f
oy,
n
t
n 1 41, at r h
alk d i ten
rom h s
r' 0
1
his clot
t din
e an carr ed on a st c o er hi should r.
r
d,
1 6
•
147
Ibid., L •• Berry to 1 pson , arch 31, 18 7.
• Burns to 1 son, Janu ry 1, 1847 •
188
discouraged , and homesick, he found President Simpson a
kindly and cordial preceptor for whom he at once had the
highest admiration. Arter havin tremblingly survived the
first ordeal of declaimin at chapel, arlan rapidly ac
quired , through numerous exercises in declamation, debate,
and oratory, self-confidence and poise, and unusual skill
148
in public speaking. He became an outstanding student,
and as recommended by Simpson, soon after his raduation,
to he officials o a n ly founded college in Io a o
re in searc of a pr ident.
149
Shortly aft r r movin
to the neighbor ng state, Harlan turned to politics nd
as elected first as St ate Superint dent o ublic In-
150
s r c on and then United t tes Senator. he 1 t
os he held unt 1 1865 h n Lincoln n ed Sc tar
o the In r or. hrou bout th ears he and i p on co -
r ond d r qu ntly and o k d og th for th benefit of
C c •
•
On of th D oc tic c nd d t
s ep
o of ice by th lection o 18 as os ph
•
0 et odist o ass nt to Con r fro tern
•
tis prob bl th th and 1 p on r cquaint d
e ore h
1 c on , o t rot a fr end and intim ts
14
Br gham , o. cit., p . 16-19.
149
Ibid., • 3 •
lSOibid., pp . 50, 89 .
189
after the newly elected Con ressman had gone to W ashington.
An ardent ethodist, ri t soon organized "a congressional
weekly prayer meeting" with seven other Methodists, and a
"S bb th i t sun rise."
151
class meeting for a a morn ng a A pro-
digious worker, right became popular as a repres ntative and
as rewarded b t o terms in the governor's chair. e as
then named Ambassador to Prussia by Buchanan and reappoint d
0
that ser ice by Lincoln. All trough th y ars be orked
ligently for the 1 are of his church. fuen the f t
c e int e ei ten-sixties for lay representation in the
eneral Conference, he as one oft e le din advocat s or
152
t e layman's cause .
John vans. robabl the clos st rend om pson
c .. u r d n Indian as a o uaker s c n , ohn E an •
Induced b fr nds to attend one o Si on' lee ur on
8 UC t
on, s so s rongly impre sed that h soon
a t r as con nd lef h 0 c urc o jo n t
eno n t on . Sip on r e d n in-
u on h ch, accord n to h s bio
P e
, a
' t
the
e cept on o hi oth
'
th most f r-
• • •
eac.
ng in
its con quenc in John Ev n
'
11 e .
153
Dr.
15
ecem e.,., 23
,
mpson ,
184 .
0 • C t., o eph A. ,ri t to mpson ,
152
atthe
elp ia: verts
impson,
e art, 1
etr_ odism (P la-
( e
15
dga C rlisl c ~ echen, Life of Governor Evans
r: h ahl r n ubl shing Co., 24T, pp. 32,
190
Evans , det ermined to establish in Indiana a hospital for
the insane, sought assistance from the State officials.
he lack of interest displayed by Governor Bi gger became
a factor in his defeat in 1843. Evans, although a Vi hig,
recruited support for ~ 'hitcomb from the Society of riends
and act vely campa gned a gainst Bi er. After his el ct on
.. itcomb immedi ately encouraged establ shment of t h e hos-
ta.l and na ed Dr. Evans as on e of t h r commiss oners.
son a ap o nt ed to he board o
15
dir ctors. So e
e ears 1 ter vans took u h e s den c e n Chica o
ere e bec ame active in r eal estate de v lop e and
r 1 oa
e
0 S
. • es
romotion . H so e o the fo d so
ct of vanston as n nivers t ,
r n
o . ,
d
d t
l 'ar i coln a o nt d h
oo , ant ned a cont uin
r t pson .
•
son ' r 1 0 p
orth d or
o rnor
e et i n
t ar
onl on o fr n sh p b 0 of conf ct
con
d n 1 11 r st of h 1
•
n
0 po
ar e chers n nd na , b mpson
n 18 9 ,
led
es
r ct .
nt or he Preacher ' s
154
bid., p . 42 .
t ar n e n eld r
e had erv d for e r a
d oc et , s er tr oft e
191
Indiana Conference in 1839 and 1840, e. delegate to the
seneral Con erence in 1840, and one of three General Secre-
tarie s of the issiona
Society from 1840 to 1844.
155
The relations between the to men ere for he most
part cord al . Ames, ho 1 ved in G reene stle, as freq entl
on the boa d of trustees and he board of vis tors for th
·n vers t . In 1840 he
ote lo reaction to th
a
nau ur 1 address an
u 1 h d an 1st
as ch efly inst ental in having it
ut d.
156
0cc s onall in h 11 s
ri n ly lett r, commend n Simpson's e forts, exp es
eas re ... th "tid of pop f vor s tti to a d r n-
castle .
,157
One impulsiv ly,
I
0 0 to Chin on 0
1 C yo
b
0 n
• on , oop 1 , p on
one
, the o e C
h
, t 0 C
s
0 h
C as
st k •
p •
155
t, C
7, 151, 20 ,-------
156
C • ant ,
157
mpson,
e er 14, 846.
58
be n u ed b ho
S 0 ri s, h ot
1 on 0 en I 1
0
•
bot
or lo n or
, h 0 hl s
n 0 cs on
p d h n
es OC , 1th
ndian , ~- _c_.,
• •
s to impson,
bid., • R. Ames to impson, June 29, 1847.
,
192
"tact and tallent," (s c], possessing, likewise, · "right
vie s upon the score of our claimes [sic, the Method sts]
and a disposition to sacrifice anything to promote our
interests . n
159
Simpson made 11 ttle effort to manipulat
the politicians or to play his p rty politics; mes as
nated by t e rh.igs , or no remark as ore common among
all cla ses than that
es rules the overnor.
160
he C hurch honored both men, but avored impson.
o ere lect d d legat s to th , n ral Con r nee o
0
, pson s head of his del gation,
n 1842 Si pson succeeded mes as
nee , an office to h ch he as
es thi don the
cret ry o th
nu lly e- 1 c d
l e a elev t d to the e iscopac in 1852. In 1 48
n cho en t the ea 0 his eleg t on to
era Con er nee• , 1 ng of 1 c ion, as
d econd al rn t
•
0 th Confer nc loo d o d e , for all o
co
1 , th t the g t vin b ttl
•
In
co bin d 1th 11 n to d feat
to ondon, h r s to tt nd n tion 1
a Sc ool Con n o
a delegate and, inc en all ,
o s or th Ind an A bur brr. 1 av
15
Ibid., L.
60
•
erry to S pson,
rch 31, 1847 •
Loe. cit.
193
as his reasons that the preachers could not collect the
current expenses for the col l ege if Simpson were to leave.
But Ames' bearing was regarded by Simpson's friend Berry
as "singular & mysterious." Simpson., apparently, had
brought pressure upon his board, point ng out that he had
strongly considered leavin th institution hen h had
received other offers, and inferring, perhaps, that h
t be induced to stay if he could be assured o greater
s p ort . Th trip to urope, 1th he opportun ty for
s 1 ct ng h t might ell be th b st 1 brary in th .est,
oul b assurance o the anted support and confi nee.
es as very nearly insol nt. is tt tud s m d to sug-
gest that Si pson rel laboring 'to licit a f vor-
able exp e on o
e onst tion o
ole
er s
opin on.
t m."
ru
__ ,
hi
• •
e s
top oduce a popular
e to loo
I
pon the
ct ons d o sa
'
anno 1 v •
her s o dange. it is 11 or ffect.'
on's lee on o h In 1848 , b on of
e or p
0 vocate, t pr
n bury ni t left can •
c nd ates d
d
•
on hs of cons
r tion and
e. Th boa d,
uch disc ss on o
n th
ft r som
t e r s
c o the candi ts, el cted to the off c
romptl eel ned. To the r end of i pson, the re son
161
Ibid., L .
•
erry to son, April 15, 1846 •
61
194
as obvious. They ere "prety (sic] well satisfyed" (sic]
162
that he had never intended to accept. Nearly every
preacher in the Conference believed that he had sought not
the office but evidence of his own po er and popularity.
163
es offered t o ·reasons: first, the orthem Indiana Con
ference had opposed him, and second, " First apostles, th n
teachers .
On the Conference floor he made an "almost
ali ant" attack on impson, decl r ng that the protest
o t e orth rn ndiana br thren had originated in "one
a .' he inference as plain . he Conference heard and
ders ood .
1
he an as atthe Si pson. y sho ld he
s 1 e such a blo at that one man. That one man as n
e ay o h s b ous d si a.' hat one man as
pi copacy.
16
n
s
-
S pson, ho eve, h d 1 n dot n to the nin s
o err an had as o t n r c d h s the i th t all of
e T ndships ar sinister. •
165
Perhaps l ize t hat
e t th an n fr nd ad t ndenc to ex
1 o 1 es o o h rs .
his Ind ana coll
ltbougb h q n ly d ff
d cop t tor, nd so tie
d
ndi
t es at his hand hich mi ht hav driven
162
Ibid.,
C. mith to Sim son, O ctober 24, 1848.
163
bid., •• erry to Simpon, October 14, 1848.
16
Loe. c t.
-
165
oc. cit.
195
les ser men to an open breach, he maintained an outward
serenit y, and over a long period of years a spirit of cordial
cooperation.
Decision to Leve Indiana Asbury. In spite of the
contemptuous opinion of Ed ard R. Ames, the popularity of
Si pson in I ndiana as known abroad and he began to recei v
invitat ions fro other conferences and schools. Nor ere
hese bi ds al together un el come. Al though he quickly and
rs ectfully' decl ned the request of sev ral of his friends
n 1 44 t at he ace pt the editorship of the Pittsburgh
166
Christian A dvocate, he a some ~ hat more amenabl a ear
a er to o f rs from Cincinnat • ood ard College, reminding
that it a s th "best ndo d and "in all human judg-
n the
ec ed
t
ost pe an nt institution of 1 arning in th
167
m to the p s dency. t the s tim a
in ncinn ti s requesting h s servic
•
est,
etho
h
adva a
of a tr sf r er consider bl , or incinn ti
a
e ent r o stern ethodis • h · stern n
d th
pository re publ sh ther ,
166
bid., J ourn 1, p 1 1, 1 8 44
1 7
bid ., illi Johnston to Si pson, ctob r ,
h colleg tens on of rood ard H gh chool,
an act o t le isl ture o 1836. op an nt
co lege s est blished, ho eve • d ard A ill er, " istory
1
the ~ ucational egislation in Ohio from 1803 to 1850,
~ re aeolo 1cal and istorical ublic tions, 27: 95, 106 ,
an ry 7 , 1 36.
196
and a considerable number of the publjcations of the Church
ere put out by the· estern Book Concern. The advantages
appealed to Simpson , so he rote about the offers to his
former student and now faculty member, John eeler, ho
gave out the ne s to the rest of the faculty. · "They seemed
to take it as e 11 do as one of the reatest misfor unes
that can happe n to us as an Institution , eeler reported.
"They sa th t they kno no man orth, South , Ea.st or 'est
hat h y ould be
to th nk that the
111 n to seep esident .
• •
They se med
ould hold themsel s ready to 1 e .
,168
he ge t ear as that the en o ent plan ould stop alto-
etl er if Simpson's resignation
on continued for ne rly a month,
announced. The s cu
th the student
n 11 se ling upon one of the profes sors as t e cho ce
or a successor, al hou h he e unan mou n bel
hat he "could not t ke
" 0
p si t . So ,
f er a on h of uncert nty, S pson cone luded to ema n
In im
s r. John 1 r., o r, had o s ed
OU O
1 incl nati on o lea
s onl tempe r r •
The de.
to kno th th s d cision
no far d s ant," he rot,
n th church 111 ask ou nto a
a on . 169
der field o op r-
1 8
Ibid., John eeler to 1 pson, Octob r, 1 45.
1
oc . cit .
197
The prophecy of John ~eeler was right. The
Church had a "wider field of operation" for Matthe
Simpson . In 1847 he was again pressed to consider the
editorship of the Pittsburgh hristian Advocate, and
D ickinson College in Pennsylvania, a year later, beg ed
permission to pr s nt his name to the tru tees as a
ca didate for the presid ncy. Among the inducements
as a salary o 1200, "payable quarterly • • • and
d unctually.
170
Toh m th~ re t d cisions of life, as i~ his
oun er as, still r std u on rov d nee and the c 1
o he Church • In n upon thes o ers e
a o no p rson 1 con id rt on, other
•
e e as troubled in s r t, nd dete n din i
he rt to
171
o. a 1 a e r buff
0 o o h st s ho h r o sane ion hi
rope. D d h call h n nu ion o mes
e cold no 1 ave , hat s earlier n 1 ation
rus, a la fo bl rs ons ro
d d h n h gro ng r c on b t
n
e eopl
es an
•
se , th nc s n ens on s oth of he
7
o bid.,
171 bi • , •
he a o e in erenc
am sor y that an
our el or any
0
H.
•
11 n to s
h 0
s dra fro
on should h
e or OU
mpson, une 5 , 1 48 .
pson , un 2 , 48.
s it
' s
st te ent: I
e x sted ther 1th
to leave
'
• • •
n
d t " t 1 offic ."
172
looked ahea o !. cer a n
Whatever it
198
as it
stirred him deeply, and he found in 1 t a reason why he must
173
move .
The events of the General Conference of 1848 which
lead to President Simpson's resign tion he himself narrated
5
m ly and briefly many years later. The summer before the
on e enc he had suffered an attack of typhoid fever. At
ittsbu gh , he seat of t e Conference, he had op o tuni ty
o co sul t phys ci hom h ha kno or any ear and
i ho he ha re t conf dance . They dv s d m O C
h s h bi ts of 11 e or s res dence . In cons qu nee, h
i dut to s y to the Ind na d e ation tha t y
look or ne res dent. H intend d, hes d, to
e urn to th itine anc in the it sbur Annual Conf r-
ce .17
o doubt t a e 0 he 1th h d some b rin u on
pso
's d C s on, but the er ot er ac o , too. t
no
ly t h od s in t 1 car ct
er,
ad d SC d ly th po ibl c ndid t 0
ces
an ad en mpson s n some t ntio In
•
C , h
s Ind
ana coll a e, 11 D 1 , 0 tt nd
172 bid.,
L. • Berr to mp on, Apr 1 5, 8 6.
173
Ibid.,
•
• Smith to impson, June 5, 1848.
17
bid.,
utobio r ph cal uscript.
C
199
the national Democratic Party Convention over in Baltimore,
hes.rd that Simpson as wanted as editor in Ne York, for the
175
Christian Advocate and Journal. Daily thought that the
iestern Christian Advoc te at Cincinnati would be better, but
advised stro
against the Pittsburgh Chr stian Advocate.
'1th such rumors current, impson•s availability becam an
1 porta.nt matter . Hi s r i nation from As ury, th refore,
as er co v n ently timed. At a preliminary caucus, he
176
as ed as assist t editor for th o p per.
t s unctur s rinds from the
ccept t e
0 b r . nl on di f culty a o
•
p ssed hi to
old no
i ol fr
eturn
d
a an an 1 , Ch r es 111ott, s editor, d db n
d o t e o ic
ho had i duce
d h
ecu n
o nt
po it on
th
a os ent el
c of nd
pons 1
b n
1 0
ct on
f he nd an Con erenc ,
1 6 d
~ •-·, Late a
. , 11
homso
nc nnati : - r ston
er rom homson to h
t h pr 1 min
p on to o to coll
C C
•
o had
n tr , h b n c i a
Coll , ad en
o h s lee o o h p
t • [ ] bo t
c 1 d h
he 1 d
on o 0
ly to
ife of
-
ethodist
don h h d
2 ,188 .
. ,
0
rec 11 th s c ucus in hi
, 1885), p. 77, C
e, a 22, 1848.
utobio r phical
Simpson does
manusc ipt.
2 0
1
0
177
an
•
C
0
.
t
1 t
•
t
0
. of
C
•
1 n
-
n
, 0
0 0
,
1
-
0 C 0
I
1 0
1 l
0
t
ol
0
•
0
•
•
,
0 0
I
C PTER VI
GO ING O FOSITIO TO SLAV RY
In the early years of his residenc in Indiana,
atthew Simpson found the p ople gen rally indifferent or
1
hostil to the cause of abolition. ven the uakers for-
bad t e use of th ir meeting-houses for ant -slavery
lee ur s , and advised a gainst anti-slavery publications
b
e
s unles. the first subm tted th ir manuscripts
to
nation of a meet n for suffer ngs.
2
Th
e e
.etho ists, at the first nnu 1 conf r nc L ich i p 0
a t n ed, voted unanimou 1 or non-cone ence in e
land on erence resol tions hich ould have stren th ed
e rul e of the discipl ne on the buyin ors 11 ng of
s .
T te pe 0 t e at y be judged by th
ole t ct o of th p 0 1
•
ick Dou 1 , n ro
r 0 er d aboli ionist 1 d r, s ston d n rl to
t t d 0 ddre s au i C t ndl on,
n
a, n 18 o. d C d la er a 0 on th tr S 0
1
att he Sip on, SS., ourn 1,
2
Geo ge • Jul an, Th
t i - y ion r, Ind
o • II, o. 6 (Ind-1-an __ _
Rank of
, 1891), p. 262.
C arles Ba r an
_l a erl (Bo to : R. G.
and
4
P xten H bben
( e York: or
•
202
ndianapolis murdered a free negro and sava ely beat up the
editor of a local abolition paper.
5
Henry , ard Beecher,
pastor of an Indianapolis church durin almost th entire
incumbency of ~impson at sbury, as s lent upon the subject
of sl svery u.nt 1 his f nal year, 1847. Th ant -slavery
mo· em t, says one of Beecher's bio ara hers, 'lac ed that
de, ener 1 appeal h ch o eec er 1 ked feel charac-
erize an
cause he a vacated.
16
ncle atth Simpson' loyalt tot abol on sts,
.o ·ever,
s yet un aver n
•
In Cine nnati, here he 1 V d
h youn atthe 's s ster, he h d heard h self de ounc d
a a obocr t, a disor aniz r, reb 1 a a nst t e la of
.
' a
a an ose s nti e t ce nl ould b dis-
s sens ble a 1 ar ed oun neph , t e ev.
so .
7
t e cont1 1 t to on s , ,
0 e h e rath
d n
tri c al Pr ' 0 ood od sts,
0 11v d in C C ati and held sl
e -
a
C
•
n the 1 p 0 p r ere a s no no to
oun dent , el , t n n
5
17 • Ibid.,
•
Ibid.,
PP•
119, 110.
Si
pson, ~.c
. , ncle h imp on 0
P on,
e
9 , 18 •
8
rb
d •,
ep emb r 2, 1841.
203
hes years. Certainly, he as not active in th anti
slavery cause. Yet he was so accused by the Bloomington
post, 1n an ed torial which a fri nd or hi regard d as
---
"highlY injurious to your o n character and pre judici 1 to
t
8
interest of th institution over which you preside.
9
e attack as
political maneuver, an attempt to di credit
Si son by identifying him 1th the abol1t1on1 t , and thu
ssen his influence in the Bigg r camp i
•
11 ht o Uncl
tth t l tter, it re
e
llingne 0 S on to decl re hi
en such
declara ion might b hurt ul to
e Ch ch. At th t , ho r, th
e 1 C a nt r t 0 in
'
1 nth no in
1 Co rence , y con
io
'
0
0
n
0 1
n, or
9
Ibid ,
1
on o
0
hil
T rr
ion. 0
r i
,
00
C
0
0 i
h i t t 0
on,
Con 1 r d n
1 s rikingly
lt on n i u
th int r ot
editori 1 C
h
- 1
1 t r h I
r t tro
-
0 1
0 11 0
-
1
•
1, 18
•
n
10
204
The action of the Indiana Annual Conference in these
~us reflected rather ell the attitude of the Methodist
Church . The General Conference of 1840, meeting in Baltimore ,
had demonstrated little more sympathy with the Abolitionists
tan had the Conference of 1836. The committee on slavery,
refusing to lay hold of the problem, recommend d the expedi-
e c o inaction for the ensuing four ears and adv sed the
nual conferences to ad.here closely to th lan age of t
11
c 1 ne .'
The one question hich h ld th g eatest attent on
n t e C onfer nee that of th ri · ts d rivileges of
: e p es d n 0 cers 1 t annu 1 d qu rte l y conf enc
b s op an the p es d n ld rs t n thei ights
n to llo d on ce t · n it ting qu st on ,
top t ce an · ot on o vote, in d ourni
n tit 11 h it h d cons d ion
ob ec
0 bl resol t ons 11 of h se r
-t
had b n
e
C s n t p uo follo n th
r C 0 18 6. f 0 on
a
n t t of 0 d
s
12
The t h th 1 hops d h
•
0
1 s h ro
I
co pl t
•
Thei ul ov
11
c us C. atl
ethodist
;-1=---)-,- ·-p-.- ·-------
and
Hunt,
12
11 ott, ££• cit., cols. 2 6-7, 227.
s.
205 ·
the anti-slavery conf ranees was made nearly absolute.
One other action of this General Conference w~s to
become, in another four years, of unexpected significance .
A gitation aga nst the ordination of slave-holding ministers
had so increased that the Southern brethren insisted that
the Confer ence take action for their protection . The conse
quent resolution declared that in States here emancipation
a not p rmitted "the simple holding of slaves •• • consti
t es no l egal b rri r to t h elect on or ordination of
·n stars to the various rades of office known in th
ni st o the ethodist piscopal Cu ch
nl3
• • •
lt ough
. r solution ems to have b en passed thout r C
0 e p scopacy, n fou ear time it s 0 ght 0
a upo th t of ice th gr at and dr at C f C
•
T e s cc d n m onths r s t nin or the
:. e
0 1st abo it o ists. The shared h t of t
n - 1 very Soc ety h c , fter s ri 0
rn 1 t gl sad rr 1, o f r dis n t d
b 8 0 t a 1 ttl o h n
1
n
•
0
t or 11 t
t hod tat - 1 v y cu b
ol in co. vent o s, but
t little succ , v n in
and . O r nge cott rt rd fro
h ctiv n s
13
Ib d., Col. 228.
14
8
ilbert Hobbs Barnes,
0-1844 ( ork: • Appleton-Cen
933) p . 170.
206
because of poor health, the atchman found interests other
than abolitionism, the ethodist anti-slavery societies had
15
but a
11
sickly existence." Abel Stevens, editor of Zion's
erald stated that it was "a time of profound peace," and
the e
ork Christian dvocate and Journal announces the
d ath o · abol t onism. Bishop H dding, no doubt 1th much
reli f a ter his stor y years with the e ngland confer-
enc s, declared th t 'the antislavery excitement in the
C rch s
15
tan end.
S veral f acto s b ou t about t e rean at on of'
e move ent . ter the neral Conferenc of 1840 nume ous
.. all ro ps of thodists ed ithdra f om th p nt
1
0
.
a e
t e largest o
000 me b s
e S ott, b o
hich, group n ich an, includ d
d bore ten m le an t odists.
out o retirement th c 11 o a
1 C U ch, s urg to cc pt the res o b lity
e. er p .
'
0 S not ours ns 0 duty,
r
rot on
s ollo r , req t t yo loo te th SC t t
p?
t r 1 on, called c nv nt on 0
or an·z
on o ch C
•
In 0 t e pp 0 1-
o and ember o t
16
esle ans.
ethod t ~p scopal
c jo ned
15
atlac, o. ct., p. 147.
16
b d ., pp. 196-201; John. lson or ood, Th
r~- L 1£.... - tho 1st piscopal Church, 1844 ( lfred
e s ty Stud es, Vol. 1. lfred, e Yor , Alfr d
n ver 1ty, 1923), p . 49.
d
207
The exodus alarmed the Church, and aroused the loyal
leaders to rene ed anti-slavery activity. Conventions were
called , resolutions of the most "ultra" nature passed, the
le of the bishops relaxed, all in an effort to con ince the
abol t onist element th t the Church as not pro-slavery,
and so to pr vent a ma or d vision of the orthern section
of the denomina.t on.
v n the cons rvative e ork Christian
dvocate and Journal as aroused to do combat 1th t
-
a yland sl veholders ho r seekin to reduc fr ne roes
to bond e. Th Sou h i tu n as al rm d and b to
s ren th nits os t o for h G n r 1 Conference of 1844.
17
to th erenc, 1 44. Int all
o l t e Ind ana Annu 1 Conf el cted o tth
1
on th h of s d 1 at on o h nex Gen
. f rence . e set o h n .. t r n n h dd 0
. ere , o
si e s b for the Confer nc as sc dul d o
e York City . 11 n n a three- or ·agon ,
accom
d hr
e 1
nd t
e er
11
,
r
b h
ot er pa e
and ch
rs. In c
1, noting on he fir
ne s of the o ds.
a
n, he
•
• R.
s c as on
coldnes o
comp n
n ine sir ts, d • • • had 1 1 conv r-
17
atlac, o. ct., 149-54; T or ood, o • cit. 5 -57.
208
sation , interrupted occasionally by the fears of the ladies
as (the wagon] ••• plunged into deep holes or slid upon
18
sidling spots." Delighted with the details of travel, he
~st jot down the more interesting anecdotes. On the fourth
.day out Brother Ames missed his carpet bag. The waggoner
us sent back to find it and in order to save time
Bro . Ames turned teamster. He mounted the saddle-horse,
wh ch • • • had no saddle, • • • and hose back as as
sharp as a Nor'wester--his feet were rested on the tr ce
cha ns for ant of stirrups--and al re beech stick
el erect over his shoulder served for a hi --and then
the agon--a red bed 1th a hite usl n cover ••• all
together r8t a bad subject for a Cruikshank or a
Chapman .
This as Simpson' first crossing of th Allegh ny
o · t ns and h s irst attendanc at a General Confer· c •
He ad a.de some preparation for ac experienc • o th
&tter he set do n in his "me o book" several " roject to
e propose
0 neral onference.
11
All o them had to do
c urc polity and ach as acco panied b carefully
s ted rea ons. He ould ive the bishops the po er to
a o n Gen r
t
on ere nee,
Conference o ficers dur n the recess o
ould pe mit General Co fer nc of cer
to re a n members of such co ference as they
t chaos,
a? d, finall , he ould h v t e time of annual confe enc es
18
G . C . h
eorge R. roo s, Te Life of ishop
o--:r-~s_o~n ( e York: Harper Brothers,1890), p.
on ' s Journal , arch 20, 1844.
atthe
230, citing
19
oc. cit., J rch 23, 1844.
209
fixed by the General Conference, and not by the bishops.
20
If he had thou t about the church and slavery, or education,
or m ssions, or the larger problems of government, his notes
gave no indication of the fact.
At thirty-three years atthew impson was too young
to be burdened i th the problems of the Church. There as
a orld to see, and h must see it. So to the land hich
lay beyond the Alleghenies he had given much more attention.
· e had carefully laid out his itinerar , jotting do items
c he shed to se: th stat house at Harrisburgh ,
ool' s arm at Ha erst own, Harpers erry; the patent office,
h r d nt's house, and other points in ias in ton; h
a
unt ater ors in h lad luh a, and Gir rd Col e.
21
e d a cert ficat from Go erno tco b, s ting th t
a rust e o f t e s t ylum fo t e due tio of
eaf an , an r qu s n of ci ls of o r stat s
c larl
to vis
t th
ractical d
or ·or 11 n ,
the r nst tut ons, and to look
'int rnal
ls.
1
22
Th
••• and upon thos
ere items to buy in
s if --a atch and key, sh 1, a
rt , dresses , glov , h derchief , books for h ms elf,
on, o • c 1 t • , ' .emo Book , 1844 •
•
22
I bi • , Phine s • Gurley to Si pson , " rch 2 6 , 844.
wd favors for the children.
210
23
ith his usual good intention, he carefully itemized
hi s expenses on the trip East : carriage-- 6 .40, ferry-- .20,
drayage-- .12, morph ne for toothache-- • 05 , ticket to
alt imore-- 10 . 00, and so on for sev ral dozen items until
t sec ond day of the Conf ranee wen the entries abruptly
24
to ped.
e made notes, too, of his impressions of the
ri , the beauty of the P nnsylv nia hillside :
1
rand ma nif c nt scenery--highest summit 1150 f t
a ave Johnsto & 1400 abo e ollida sburg ••••
· e reg on round ollidaysburgh nd don the Jun ata
i s beaut ful--t e ind n valley in th m ddl of
h · ch flo s the steam •••• he rocks, e e all
lim t one, are thro as if b some gre at con 1 n
eve y poss ble dir ction, gene lly t es
ncl ed t h an 1 and o t s t y
ndicular, nd pro·ect n d s as t e to,
som m ty cath dr 1 . . •
,UC
, the
na ored o
it OU e,
nt .
'ash ngton, h visit d th Cap tol
pat nt off ce, t. ernon,
as he r i , a pre tly, i h
ope o
ton in on oft Church
P r •
n
r nt t e
0 ap tol h s tent on a d t
a o p
0 t a ar comm or ting the ervic d de t of
a bl·c of cial.
r garded i a f ne,
11
but ha t n d
23
Ibi . , o Boo , 1844.
2
cit. oc.
25
cit. oc.
211
to m enti on that
Different vi s might be entertained as to the pro
priet y of presenting the figures in a state of nudity
or nearly so. Ancient taste seemed to have decided
this m atter and the modern Sculptors are fond of this
style, t hough one thing is certain the present Stat
of Society ould not allo such exhibitions of the
female f orm as ould be necessary to give artists
proper models for such statuary. Ancient Grecians
ere not ho ever so sensitive and hence our Sculp~grs
have fine opportWlities of studying their mod ls.
At
e York City Simpson as placed in t he home of
s
arp r , ayor of t e city , s nor member o Har r
B ro he s , and prominent t odist l a yman. h Confe r -
e ce a.s call d i nto ses on on a 1 . 0 t of t 1m ort
ess as handled , a th th c i vil g V mm nt , b
co t s . rd narily, th hi h s r k ng d le at
eac con e enc , avin fi t C oic , 1 C d t e co -
ee o th pi cop c
•
s ps on , because 0 i s OU h
s e rs n nd ana , d fe r d o h colle
or h s 1 cc pt d an en on th due t i on
... o
e .
ode pr V t d s ving an po ant
at o
to h Con r C , or t a nt on o t n ir
n
soon cent red on h p 0 1 of sl v
•
Th
co
tee
on eduction m e t but a f ti sand transac d
ort t bus n ss. Its ch 1rman , as
member o th
co
tte on th episcop c ,
s t oo bus 1 enga ed n the
26
1 oc • c 1 t • , A r i 1 15 •
nt
27
central conflict.
Simpson, having the good races of ayor Harper,
visited many places of interest in end around New York,
hen the Conference as not in session. The latter he
212
found increasingly earisome. A month more of 1 t, he wrote
28
to llen, ould have destroyed his health. He enter ed
briefly into the Conference business, offerin for consider
at on three or four resolut ons. One concerned the cover ng
0
the street 1th 'tan" (tanbark, s used at t e time on
c rcus loor) , in order to reduc the noise of the
Yor tra fie. To others refl cted long st nding inter sts.
0 se sk d t Conferenc to appoint a co itt to
coll c doc nts lat d to t
e tablis
h to y of th Churc and
e ot
0 U
sou t th
t e
nt o t. a bo rd of
hurch sin ere sin d
. s o 1 part c p io in the slav ry con ro s
ctor
29
schOO..Le
s to
30
b f
OU h n r ho p Vt ly sought h s favor, to
ntly 1th h o th rn del g tion, and to
a
solut on C 11 n or comm t e to r the
0 1
ro st 0 the South .
1
27
rooks, o. cit., p. 2 •
28
a 25, 1
Ibi ., pp . 231-2, c·t n S mpson to El en •
29
Jo rnal
Tin'"TT--A-a:::l urc ,
, pp . 6,
0
Simpson, .2..2• cit., Autobio r phical narrativ.
31
•
11
Journal of the General Conferenc , ~• c t.,
, l •
mpson,
I
213
The Conference was much agitated with the slavery
problem. Bishop Andrew, who had been elevated to the episco
p acy as a candidate of the South and who resided in Georgia .,
had come into the possession of slaves. Asked to explain
his connection with slavery., he set forth the circumstances
in tin . He was the legal owner of two slaves, one a
m ulatto girl bequeathed to him by an old lady ho requested
that , th the irl' s consent, he send her to L beria hen
he reach d the age of nineteen . The girl had refused to
0
d still remained in resi ence on his place, a le al
sl ve .
he other as a boy, bequeath d tote ishop •s
0
hen she ad did . t as not rs i e and left to h
o sibl to ree the bo n or i , nor as he old no h
o p ovid for ims lf should he lea t State. n nu r ,
e Bishop had marred a an . is s cond if 4,
e o
o a numb r o sla s ho h d come nto hr
ss on ro the ill of her irst hu and . ·ne e i
s.
no poss ble o e anc pate the in G o he shop ,
a
s cu
d the to s if b de 0 tru t , 0 he
a
11· r . n
2
to b he 0
The ques on o a slavehol
.
ng b op h d r n
e or
n h councils o the urch r sen at i es
outh
contend d th t no la 0 t e d scipl n forb d
UC
an
eventuality, bu the vote o th orth had r larl
32
( e
•
• Buckle , A istory o ethod sm n the
ork : Christ an Literature Co., 887)
214
rejected candidates who were owners of slaves. On the way
t o the Conference Bishop Andre learned what e citement his
marri a e to a slaveholding lady had occasioned. Aft r some
eliberation he resolved to resign from his office, but
elt obligated first to consult th South rn delegates •
. eet n n caucus these delegates resolved th t the bishop
s oul not resi n and th t for h
to do so ould brin
a out
he
d ssolution of the Chu ch. He a.gr ed to abide
ecis
33
b t r
on .
o the m mbers of th Conf rence, a ter a hurried
t 0 0 Bishop nd e
'
st t ent, introduce a
e o 0 hich af C on t ly req ested (hi ] to r 1 n
S O f C
n 4
some hat milder substitute o d
•
•
•
a d slat r C lle po h "to des from t X r-
c se of t s of 1 so lon s t s im ed ent
'1.5
0 as d t e tt tu of ict con truct on t
•
•
0 a 0 he d scipl n spec f cally forba e he 1 ction
0
sl
bishop· or ov r, t e le slation o 1840
sl v old n i all grads o t e
r .
h o th o nte to t e g n al
ro e
conduct" as s ti factory b sis or act on. uppo
3
67-68. 0 00 , . , pp .
UC
1 Y, op.
C t •, II, 36-37.
35
Ibid.,
II ,
•
,
it was said, he had married a colored oman.
215
as he thus
fo rbidden by the discipline? But would not such conduct
bring speedy punishment? ~ould it not render him incapabl
of pe r f ormin his duty as bishop? The ulti ate appeal on
both sides was to exped ency. A slaveholding bishop could
not per form his functions in the orthern conferences; if
h& ere allo ed to remain in o fice, the Church in those
sections ould be broken by dissension and secession. o
_ s arg ent e South repl ed that f the b sop er
osed vote of th on nc becaus o slaver, th
oul d b left h no opt o
• • •
but to b iscon-
d i h b d
11
36
n c e our o •
n, t elev n days of db , 11 the f o ts
0 co 0
r t a s
on
h b n ust
n p ofound
oll y
0 yo on
and no
undr d
o h rn
the ot
1 nc a
•
Th
as o
o on p
el en o s
o th R p
d.
d,
y-n n.
T
h
,
0
0
r
e opposed to
n t
h sh p sect on 1
to follo.
7
t n rs
nt rs ed
cl
• 0
a hich
Dur n d ba e s
1 of th 1 p son d
37 bi
II, 41. Th s~~1 uary of arg ents is fro
__ t. pp. 73-75.
, II, ? •
216
speakers had freely predicted that the Church could not
survive the action of the Conference against Bishop Andrew
and some prophesied that division of the Church would be
follo ed by division o the gov rnment, perhaps by "civil
ar and far-reaching desolation . "
38
Simpson report d to
. s
fe that th Conf ence as in "such storm on th
sub
ct o slav ry that ev ryth n else is forgotten . I
t
nk it
oss ble that e shall split ."
39
Th South b gan at one to anticip t the div sion.
. st, a fo al protest as fil d h th Confe nc
•
At
is o nt Si pson , makin hi s rongest public a o al of
Con nc , oved to pe it' tt o cou tesy
sh ng of h pro t nth Cone nee ou n 1 ,
th orth 'could not ad it th statements put
0
• • •
e n t ov C h n llia Cap 0
0
n , o, it epo ted, h db n in corr po d-
C
0 c. C
0 , 0 er d ser S 0 re ol t on
al
or o Gen al Co f rences , one 0 h V s ct on
e
t te , th other n r to y h 1 ry
s .
1 ol t ons 0 c d by oth r d 1 -
Br
d. II, 42 , C tin sp ch o Tho as Cro r .
pso , 0
•
C t., Si p on to 11 n
•
pson ,
18
1 44 .
40
UC 1
t.,
, 0
•
C
II , 88 , 89 .
gates.
· 217
41
After a fe days of deliberation a Committee of
ine, the second so constituted, reported to the Conference
a n lan of Separation." The plan, recognizing that separ
ation was "not 1 probable, expressed a desire "to met the
emergency 1th christian kindness and the strictest equity."
t provided a means for determinin a boundary bet een the
t o churches, shoul sep ration tak place . inisters m t
e an in th Church or," ithout blam , attach the elv s to
t Chu ch South." It
ences authorize a chan
s suggested that the annual conf r
i one of the restr ct ve rul s of
th disc i ne o that th proce ds an capital stoc o the
2
oo Cone rn mi t b d v ded.
0 t
or th first ti in any ee h rmony lll d to
1 n th
p s
of renc. C rl s 1 iott o O io oved
o th sol tons and spo in avor of
p n . T e vo o th Conf r nc a ov r h 1 ngl in
ti
•
3
d cussion no ithou it
C
and for bod ngs, ho v r . Sp ak rs un bl
gr
0
sep t on e
1
at he an m ant, or
and so e could s
at th condit ons o
in t no po os ton to
II , 80- 87 .
42
____ of the _ Ge _n __ l_ Confer , op . c t.
P • 30- 5 .
43
aney, .2.E.• ct., p. 9.
218
44
divide the Church . Dr. Thomas Bond o:f the ew York
Christian Advocate and Journal predicted that it would pro
duce warfare on the border, and so disturb the whol peace,
and ,. lliam inans of the South, in revie ing the discussion
0
the plan be:fore the Committee o:f ine, declared that the
only proposition" as that the South "have liberty if
nee ssary to organize a separ _ te conference.
1145
To days after the adopt on of th pl n the Confer nee
a ·o rned . Deleg t a fro th outh remained in e Y ork
consi er th ir futur cou se o action. They pr pa d an
a ress to their people, re vie ng the action at the G n al
o er nc nd call ng for a convention of Southern thod ts
h th n o eet he ollo ay in oui vill, entucky.
ho to th ppro 1 of thei cone nces or
ich h y had t n, an ap rov 1 ch as o
not db t d
ar a
t t
a
o hrndl
0
•
hoc d t th t
pr tion o th C urch
t no sue hosp t bl rec pt on
t 0
llo m n
P r
rs e a
th Church
ev d
'lhe
0
e th const tut on 1 r ht o th
al Con r nc
44
c le , 0
•
C t , II, 92-96.
45
Ib1d.,
II , 96, 97.
11 ott, 0
•
C
t.'
col. 374.
219
to authorize such a division. The delegates themselves
ere offended 1th the haste of the Southerners to effect
a separation. The plan was to have been resorted to only
i f i t were "necessary ." They resented the immediate calling
of t he Louisville Convention, they were angered by the
caustic com.~ent of the South rn ethodist press. Dr. ond
of the e r York Advocate opened an attack on the action of
the G eneral Conference and lliott, of the estern Christian
d ocate, did a complet about face, justify n h s chang
rom support to opposition to the plan on the basis that
t e So th had viol ted its conditions.
47
h I nd ana conferenc s, acting in cone rt 1th
sev ral other s of the orth, passed resolutions a po n
o the d pos t on of B sh op Andre • o th I ndi na, her
pson ld h s embership at that tie, protested in
h
ear of God' a nst "all efforts
• •
• to div d th
. ho
Chu ch .
1148
S pson himself sa in t h ct on
of h Sou he
t od sts not onl y d ssolution of t h
r h but
he bre - up of th n ional ov rn nt. "'oth n
ut
o ]e
n r C n s 0 ni on,' h ot to Ch rl s
4-111
ott .
' Sl very is ar i s n and b d f r to bla our
opes , unless
ovid nee in our b half nte
49
v nes.
ece
ar
str
47
Buckl it I , 0. C ., I,
48
lliott, o. cit., cols. 4 6-4-8.
49
Si mpson, o. cit., impson to Charles lliott,
ber 18 , 1845. e as referring, obviously, to possibl
it exico. tis only t h lan uag, not the idea, hich
i n ly parall ls the "forei n ar" propos 1 of Se ard.
The South, he believed, would "respect no regulations-
the s irit of Slavery is so tyrannical and ungovernable
220
• • •
As for himself, he was no longer willing to compro-
mise , he had reached the place where he desired "no such
communion between North & South as will in any way [i]denti
fy us with their views of Slavery.
1
The annexation of
exas and the probable annexation of Californ a, perhaps
even o C uba, ould but ive the outh greater incentive
to p r etuat Slaver •
50
Louisville Convention. he ouisville Conv nt o
of the Southern ethodists called for ay 1, 1845, attracted
y orthern observors, Simpson amon them . He tra lled
e surely throu outhea t rn Ind ana to C ncinn t nd
ce b boat to ouisv lle. lon the a he as pleased
o o e
t the anti-slav ry f lings ems to bed en-
n and d nin. Ev n n ho h d co from V r nia
and entucky expr ss d th msel s nth ost dee
n r .
T 1 onths had pro uc d
1
a on r 1 ut on
n P 1 c o n on. In t o or t r r, h flt, t
in of
11 bed p and broad, bet en th orth
-----
. • 0 t . '51
n C nc nn ti the one top c of conversation as the
50
bid., Si pson to Bro. [ 11 am] Hunt r, Janu ry
9, 1845 .
51
Ib d., Journ 1 , ay 2, 1845.
221
Church and slavery . At the Book Concern there was a stron
feeling in favor of the South and there had even been an
52
effort to control Elliott 's editorial course.
At Louisvill the delegates from slaveholding
conferences assembled and proceeded to the business of
di v d n the hurch. Bishops oule and Andre consented
to preside ov r the convention. co ittee as constituted
to nquir
nto the 'propriety and necess ty" of effecting
a outher or niz tion in ccordanc 1th t Plan of
e arat on . t as resol d to inqu het r or not e.ny-
h g ha t r nspir d in th y r p st to make the ma nten-
a ce o4" un t y o t Chuc 1 , h ct on o f th t
G ene 1 on er nc on he su j ct of sl er
end he comm on o g iz 0 s
as cond mn d,
c d, if i sa
o ope o un ty, to r po t in f vo of
The debt ich follo d
esu or , o
cri on ou • son, s tt n
or i (1 te
gallery,
d young 0
on.
5
o , so e
nth
hop ierc)
an r sp ch ch r
po s 1 b c us t
that reconc 11 ion as hopel ss
orth oul not ma cones ion.
aboli ion sts
r i or nt o th bi 1, h ch r d•
h a peal d no to th bi 1 for
he u tic o th r
ca
but tot
rt ngs o Jeff r on. Th orth had
52
OC • Cit•
53
'1110 t t
1
0 • C t •
1
CO 1 • 4 7 5 •
s
222
becom e radical , he insisted; the ministers had "ceased to
use bread & water in lovefeasts and their speeches were
somewhat like those of 4th of July toasts
• • •
in ten y ars
there woul not be a vestige of the peculiariti s of Method-
ism among them .
1154
he committee on or anization at len th reported that
t as
11
ri ht , expedient, and nee ssary' to ef ect an organ
izat on s parate from th General Conferenc e . T e ay as
o e let o en or the eventu 1 reunion o th bodies o
.et od sm, either on a "juri d ctional or con ctional'
b s s . o the present , the b shops ho ha co set to
e d over the co vent on er a ed to incorporat th.
socie e and conferenc s h ch, by the p o s ons o
1 0 e ton sh d to jo n the C h c , South . Soule
or
.a
p
p
dre ere r uested to b com bishop of h n
za on . n 1 Cone ence · s call d 0 t in
0 1 6 and co ttee ppointed to
ne o
th ethodist Church so th 1
d
ne o ganizat on . dr
ic
d h
ntent on to 1 it th
lt
1 self
"boun in good f th" to car
ons
of the
p scop 1 V Si at on h c
1 shed .
55
54
55
son , o. ct., ou al
ey, .2£• C t ., P • 142.
ev s th di
C -
ould u tabl
ace t d d oul
C urc South ut
out th pro-
had alr ad been
8 , 18 5 .
223
arfare on the Border . The next few months saw the
fulfillment of Dr . Bond's prediction that there would be war
on the border . The outh, still chafing under the rebuff
it bad r cei ved at the General Conference, as determined
to have ts ovm organization and to include ther in as much
t rr tory and as many members as possible . Th orth,
repente of the gen rosity it had man f sted in approving
e Pl of S paration , sou t m ans of stopping the cleava e,
or if occ red of fi n he bl on the Sout • The
L o v lle Convent on and the result n action g much
o the
he
en of the
C g d.
ort • T e d
o nee
is on as too pr -
on ha een
es abl shed, the sa d, e ng b necess ty 1nab 1 ty to
sub c e le ally to t e str c u s a a i hop ndr --
S 0 e, the
et mpe
and
po nt d ou th no
o t Sout , for
nc S S . es .
pparent unde -
dr to ov
Te core of
op suspec e ad., a ns t p e
e r 1 Conf re ce and t bo d of b hop.,
0
v ed ndre to cco p y to o e o t e annu 1 co fer-
ences . d s he not lt o duplic ty., o us n h s
h of 1 e to for rd t e cue of th Sou h., in as urning
e r t to presi e o er ort ern Confe e ces t r h vin
cared hi int nt on o dhere to the ne organ z t on1
e en mo e com lex and 1 rt t n pro le s that
224
of determining jurisdiction over churches on the border.
The Plan of eparation set forth what seemed a very simple
principle. The tents.ti ve line of separation was that between
slaveholdin and non-slaveholdin conferences. Societies ,
st tions, conferences on this line should vote to determine
the organization to which they ould adhere. Once the vote
as taken and the line est blished, neither Church as to
ave jurisdiction ov r any units it n the territory of t e
0
er or anization . Ho ever, the annual conferences did not
ollo the tate 1 nes. Ohio, ittsburgh, hiladelpbia, and
a t i ore , all predominately in ree territory nd all on
slave o d n , extend d nonet eless into the sla e tate •
o th opportunity for d fferences ere many. fu t, or
ex ple, constituted a border societ . as it one on th
g o aph cal 1 n bet een th c n erences, or as it y
oc et
thin border con erenc? s arker ur, ir ni,
so sevent - v mils into the non- la eholding Ohio
o ere c , a border society? h Souths id s, secure
a erence b vot and ord red t o t em pre char out
0
e co id r d it se to o. as Cine ti
rte
ri
ory" he OU s id ye , unt 1th t co fe enc
ed
cont arily, d o proc eded to or an ze Soule Chapel
eart o
este et odis
•
ean
1 , the orth found re on to extend its
co trol into Southern territory.
at should b done h
225
ethodists below the line of separation who did not wish to
adhere to the Church South? The preachers, as provided in
the plan, mi ht choose
11
wi thout blame" and be transferred
to N orthern conferences. But what of the people? Should
they be forced to submit to a slaveholding episcopacy, and
if they refused, ere they to be deprived of tht,ir church
property and affiliation. Should t eir love of the "old
church" be the source of their humiliation? This ration 1-
zation provided a basis for vigorous action in the slave-
56
balding state s and for acrimonious comment in the press .
Equally perplexing as the problem o the Book
o ce n . he proc eds o th s bus nes enture of the
urch ent to he s pport of the supe u ted preaches .
e lan o Separation p ovided th t t e c it 1 s ock nd
p oceed should b divided on a pro rt b s. T 1
e in th plan , ho eve , equ ed a t ~ree-fourt s vote
0
e em rs of th annu con er nces befor i bee
ef
C iv • lt OU h the vote S 0 1 in ly in VO
0
he d v
ion o t ropert ,t requl t three- OU th
a orit
snot C ie d. Some cone nc s, orth Ind n
on
he , 0 fered the e pl n t on tat , h 1 they bel ev
t e
out
ent led to i s r 0 the propert hould
V
ion
t k
lace , t e d d not ish to vot for any
5 0
0
0 •Ct., P• 105.
d
226
57
m easure which would seem to encourage division. James
inley, chairman of the commissioners appointed by the North
to settle the Book Concern di vision, refused to do business
with t he Southern commission. He ar uad that the confer
ences had failed to approve division by the requisite three-
ourt hs vote; moreover, he had received no official notif
ication o the votes of t e conferences and had not been
·nstructe to ask for them. Be ond these facts, he bel eved
hat the South had not compl ed i th th provis ons o the
pl an , that t he eneral Con erence h d no ri ht to divide
l e Book Concern, an th t the funs belon e o the poor
eac er 0 the hod st iscopal urch and should not
be used to propagate the evil of sla
58
er • nley' s
t de s dic at ve o th gro ing r ret o th orth
a ever pprov d t e lan o Sep r tion, and of
e e
0 tor t on 1 z repud at on d deni 1 of
0 t
n o
ri t t o di de the Boo Concern. The pres
car d 1 c 0 ood f 1th, int d
ate
r to p of t at t e e
at the p eac er
" e
di po ed
t e
oc ets o the outhern en.
59
57
C r le s
(Bost on :
ane ,
• B d er, 1
58
5
or ood , o. ct., pp. 152, 1 5 .
l liott, o. ct., col. 526.
to
t
ns
put
of th
t the ort
0 the
t ir hands
and
227
G eneral Conference, 1848. By the tim e of the General
conference of 1848 opposition to t r e Plan of Separation had
become widespread in the North. Only thirty of the delegates
ho had voted for the plan at the previous Gener 1 Conference
ere reelected. In Ind ana only those preac ers who ere
11
1 nown to be un ave ring" in their oppos tion to the plan
60
ere elected dee ates. S mpson, ho had begun s ortly
after the Louisville Convention to decry the South's failure
61
to live up to the provisions of t e plan, as aga n c o en
at the head of his deleg tion.
e be an in ebruar, as he had four ye r earl er,
o ot do h s r fleet ons on comin con er nee .
e or n a relat n to Genl. Con erence pr paratory o
go
•
C ommenced b, 1848-- h ot on t fl 1 af o
notebook . Th con erence 11 be as son o
o n , ' he s d n h nt oductor us n
62
•
uch
o lo
on the pleasur S 0 t-see n r P,
a
e
a been OU rs earl er, he e an to e 1 C u on
0
ch ould e t conf e ce
... e
of Sep r t on e decl rd null 0 .h
a ked h
lf . e then proc ed d b dial c c d unc on
60
SO, 0. Ct. tob ograp c 1 nu er
•
•
unter to Simpson , Feb r 1, 1846 .
ourn 1 , 1 48 .
228
to canvas s the ri ts of the Church and the effects of such
a declarat on .
ither the Conference had transcended its
po ers or it had not . If it had not, no action of the ne
C onference could invalid t that of the old . If it had,
there was a rem edy or there as not • • • Suppose the act
should be declared null , could a decl rat on make t null,
stop "the s sui g o t h fountain n times past?
a court of l a -- oul d it not holl dis r e ard an
at of
r e r o-
ct ve '
· dom o
ct? o h e
eclar n the
e son d , ppa n ly doubt n the
1 of Se ration nu 1 and vo d .
6
e had t hou , also , o t he Boo Concern . ht
o th tte b arb tr e , i pos s 1 . d h t of
OU d h vi t n sho to s e
ces. D d not t ene 1 e ence po es th
r t o
0
st C
co 1
he act o
d ut o
0
r o s e al s ource ,
0 0 1 l ac t 1
C •
0 b sho s or t t
, so h
.
o e do
C -
d h noted t t t
on the b op '
h r e ot r ters, t oo , ch C d
t e ·
0
•
sa c
n '
plan or C b
e
0
,
c , P 1 hed 1
0 b d n ,
ho
old b urc a d
OC . C t .
64
oc . cit .
229
by every aociet. He wondered, too, should not the Church
as a hole be mo e concerned 1th the problem of educat on?
•. y not one or two large Methodist universities which, in
corporat ng schools of medicine, law, theology, agr culture
and mechan cal arts, should be managed by the General Confer-
65
ence an supported by the entire denomination?
The Conference opened in Pittsburg on ay 1. he
fi st ct on, in rel tion to the Southern Church, as the
~ oval of atthe Si pson' resolut on call ng for the
appo t ent of spec al committee on the 'st te o the
Lhurc • o s st ng oft o e bes fro each conf e ce,
c osen by th le ons, is r on b 1 ty s "to co -
r at 1 on b s nes o urch d f c 1 es.
he
ele tes did not nae S pson s e
e co m t
o ver, of t
n o t n
67
probl ms h ch oul come before
n h s no boo t e o non of
e o t e ele
e •
er 1 tions th the ou hen Ch ch bee t
o ce t e c e concern o t e Confer nee. Lovie 1erce
e ted
co ic ton n to b r co nize as a
r r en at · ve o the C urc , o h,
op Soul ad-
65
Loc . cit.
-
66
lliott , o • cit., col. 635.
67
1 pson , o .cit., ournal, .ay 2, 1848.
230
dr
d
1 tt r to t onr
con
0 0 1 1 t
n
•
C
C
to
of
odi
I
nc n
'
0 l t on
n, 1
00 0 ,
not t
C
0 0
u 0
•
I
0
I
I
h
n 1
0 0 0
I
1 l
70
•
, , 0
n 1
0 n
1 ,
•
231
Indiana, illiam Daily, heard in Baltimore that Simpson was
"the leading spirit of the General Conference." The people
there, Daily said, approved of his plan of arbitration--if
he could carry it throu h he would "immortalize his name •
1171
The opportunity for presenting the plan, or a part
0
r· 1t , had come before Daily's letter was written. The com
mittee on the state of the Church reported, briefly, that
ithout action of the annual conferences, the Church had
no po er to arb trate i th the Southern commissioners· it
su gested, ho ever, that the eneral Conference recommend
to he annual conferences the suspension of the disc pl· ne
t al lo for settlement of the p operty quest on. The dele-
a es ere not satisfied th the report--it as not suf-
cientl compreh nsi ve. Several amendments re offe ed
and debated , un 11 at length Si pson and Daniel Curry ,
a
together , pre ented a length pre ble and a series
o reso utions . he pre a ·ble recognized that the requisite
er o ann al con e enc s h no con~urred in he d -
1 on o the Book Concern , but st te that s nee t e
.et od sts n the slaveholding St tes had formed a separate
c re , and since "our common and holz Chr t anity pre-
scr bes
settle ent
0
71
enjo ns th most pacif c measures for the
all tters in dispute
. . • " 1 t as resolved
24 , 1848
Simpson , .2£· ct., m • Daily to S mpson , ay
232
that the following steps should be taken: (1) the com-
missioners at Ne York and Cincinnati were to submit the
claims to arb ters, unless le al counsel advis d them that
they had not the power to do so, in which case (2) should
the cormniss one rs from the outh begin suit, the agerlB of
the ook Concern were to tender le al ar itration, under
supervisi on of the court. But if suit ere not begun (3)
the eneral Conferenc e ould request the bishops to lay the
.. a+- e before the annual conferences, i t h the recommendation
hat they c 011cur in the di vis on of the prope t y . The
easu e c rried .
72
fe d ys fte the act o on the property ca e,
t e committee
s rad to report resolut ons on the at-
tu e o the on erence to rd the lan of ep ration. he
re ort as n the fo
o declarat ons. The irst st ted
at t e en ral Con erence had no po er to uthorize the
d v s on o the Church; the second nd third enied the
r ght o · that body to eparate any o 1 ts me ber from the
.e ho
p scopal Ch ch, e cep t by tri 1 . The fourth
rat on , a ter at emptin toe pl n the action of 1844,
the lan of Sepa ation "null and vo d.' The reso-
i on, ho ever , as a k ardl
orded.
e first three ere
ed u c ly, b
lmost un n mous votes , but the fourth
as deb ed or t ee days, hen Simpson offered a detailed
72
lliott , t 1 65 65
0 • C ., CO s. 3- 4.
233
substitute which met the approval of the body. Differing
sharply from the opinions which he seemed to have held in
rebruary, hen he as preparing notes for the Conference,
his resolution was a comprehensive outline of his vie on
t e quarrel bet een the branches of the Church; it became
the official pronouncement, the platform of the ethodist
Church in its struggle 1th the outhern body. The declar
ation as presented in ei t sections:
ec. 1. he report of the select comm ttee of n n,
on the declarat on o the deleg tes in the slavehold ng
states, adopted by the General con erence of 18 , of
ic the members compla n, and the operation of h ch
deprived them o t ei privile es s members o t e
,ethodist piscopal Church, as ntended to meet
necessity hie it as lleged 1 ta ise, an as
iven as a peace-o erin to secure harmony on our
sout ern border.
ec . 2. It a urther m e de en ent, irst, upon
t e consequence o thr e-fo rths o he embers of ann 1
con ences in eference to pat o it re lat ons.
Sec •• And secondl, pon he observ ce of certa n
P ovls ons respec n a bound y, y he 1st nc ec
cl siast cal connect on separat n fro us, shoul such
a co .. ect on be formed.
Sec . 4. thout t n, a
e occu rence oft e ant
l an as r ed , ac
by the sout ern deleg
ls con erence b 1
p ed n cess ty,
t en n e
s,
ec . 5 . e nnual conferenc es b their votes, of-
f c ally recei ed, have refused to concur h h t t
of the plan hich as subm tted to them.
Sec. 6. And the provisions res ect ng boundary have
been violated b the hi est authorities of sad con
nection, hich separated fro us, and t ereby the pe ce
and harmony o man of the soc et es on our southern
bo der have been destroyed.
234
Sec. 7. Therefore, in view of these facts, as ell as
the princ ples contained in the preced ng declarations,
there exists no obligation to observe the provisions of
said plan.
Sec . 8 . And it is hereby declared null and vo d.
73
The reasoning back of these co promises ere of con
siderable importance to Si pson. They provided him with a
philosophy of action, art onalization hich overned his
conduc t to ard the Southern Church in the ye rs to come.
lt ou h one of his biographers, and ormer ssoc ates, e-
g rded these resolutions as "t e e test mistake of h s
Ubl C 1 i fe ,
11
7 4
t hi th i i o m e prov sons ere cle r, honest,
and e ·nently fair . Any f ilure on th pa t o the outh to
s b er be or cooperate u tified rast c action on th art
o he 'old Church. '
7
lb d ., cols. 645- 647 .
74
• ood,
__ s_o_n (P tt bu gh•
46.
CHAPTE VII
MILITANT EDITOR
olicy of_£ Controversy. The restern Christian
dvocate of 1848, ith its 12,000 subscribers and 50,000
readers, was a po erful organ of the ethodist Church, more
influential some thou t than the enti e board of bishops.
1
r t e for ears past , under theed to ship of Charles
1 ott, t h blo so ste d ly upon he fr s of sect on-
1 d sens on that 11 este e hodis s 11 ted up by
la
2
od red of these 'controversial .. e es. ver s
ro C
'
ed to B shop o r s bel e ed, s ould e
•
,
tor. th ust bee 1 e nd de e ded, but
e
b t e r h n lo e, e rom n t n 0 n ve
er.
3
0 hes la t r vies tt e so ub er
•
. e
a
n ttr ed to he unab sh d C on of
C
arf e . T e fo
1 h th
, paper pu 1 C
ou her
nt r e ts, nd e ot er h re r a per
1
S mp on,
ss.'
homa s 0
•
orr to
on ,
st 1 , 1 48.
2c
res er Sane ethod m and ,
(
oston:
•
ad er, 167.
pson , Loe . cit.
236
on the doctrine and polity of the Methodist Church. In
reference to these he announced in his "salutatory" his
intention to ignore controversy and his determination "to
avoid all personalities & to make the paper strictly a Church
paper for the support of Doctrines & economy of the Church .
4
So far as he as concerned, the action of the General
onference ~as settled and the complaints o the bouthern
press merited no attention . The Expositer., from want of
co fl ct, ceased to attr ct t e interest o the public and
so e p ed .
ut he resbyt rian pape continued its att ck
~t 1 S mpson, a ter ag n e rec tin controversy, rote
e t cle or to n defense, nd t n p rm t ed one of is
seres on th ob ect ons to C ism.
he r ends of the re b ter a d tor, p on re e bered
n 1 ter years, e the fir t to co c ude ht cont o ersy
a ot pro table.
5
As for
1
pe onal t e ," 1 s
ff cult atter toe elude t e • Corre on ens., r
ecco
of the pro res o odis n their communit es,
r q e tl att ck d t air collea e or even th o fie ar
o t e Chu c •
as, t ey el, r
rou h long ye r of pr c ic , bot
oc. cit.
et blis ed
ress and co r-
eorge • Cooks ,
arper
237
ence .
ow
and then, when Simpson was gone , an offensive
item mi
t slip into
6
print, but more often the complaint
was that
he had suppressed matters w ch should have been
published . His correspondents inti ated that he favored
the b shops, even et the expense of truth, and they threaten
ed to cease patronage of the Advoc te, despite earlier
"high regard for • • • [an] old friend .
117
Simpson remained
ada ant, but while demonstrating serenit in the press , he
replied in h s letters it curtness hen the occasion
demanded . I cannot see th t our reque t for ••• publ -
c t on ( of the enclosed anuscript] • • • s either ' just
or reason le '
, e rote to one agitator, "as 0 h ve
1 eady epl d in the anc t, and especially as t e t cle
o ta ins st te ents, and srepresent tions o the cou se
e voe te .
8
In s f r t sue c lled 0 a r al
•
1 le o g nal attar n t s ee
'
paper," he 0 ,
. a e no suppl for our ne t i u e cept ob t ar
C
•
nd s sho ticle r en pl h d .
9
n n
1 eu of
or g n 1 er, he selected id ly rom ot er
pe
iod
cals , espec all th thodi t res 0 bot n 1 nd
61
d •'
T o
•
A. o r s o Si pson , eptem r 7 , 1848 .
7I
id., ose h bor to s pson , nu r 9 , 184
•
8
bid., s pson to of . La son, o e er 14, 1 51 .
g
Croo s , ££.· cit., p . 258 .
238
and the Unit ed States. He gave much attention to discovery
and travel , and devoted considerable space to treatment of
. ss ons . He was interested n public improvements, in
educ at on•
e kept a memo book, jotting do topics hich
he thought mi ght be of interest, ranging from parks in
Cine nnati to iama College, discovery of iodine, ~Jorld' s
ndustr al air, unday school singing, the poor in nter,
church architecture , eli ious politics, as lums for the
10
s e • e ran a s er es o art c 1 es on 11 b r ri es , in a
hat or tor ca ve n.
1
ere the vo ce of sdom still
s eaks its clear, insp tones, and the br ath of
a ec on, ye arm, tell o th eth hat moved t
an
n heart.' He d scou sed on the histor' o 1 brar es,
et orth r ct cal su
h
11
e • e n s
t C 1 e ch , e
OU o e ne s.
, par cul rl nte
S 0
r tu n 0 s
et ons or s t rtin and susta n
o n tion 1 n s, publ hed
r et re o t , not c of e iv ls,
s nt et n olit c 1
1 o e 1ents, led es lan,
in on the pol tical
V '
o r te o det 1 d
con truct on and repa
0
for o d c
st e co of
ls, the cost of
spor ton on t em, t e cot of r ver and ocean tr s-
on.
10
11
ould e send an ng def ng th pol c to
emo Boo , l 51.'
estern Chr stian
te, Janu r 9, 16, 23, 1850.
----
to which Whigs and Democrat
239
parties were committed? Had
he any documents to sho the emocratic party as uncompro-
12
mi singly opposed to internal improvements?
The Book Concern agents, who were his managers, af
forded him some difficulty in his ef orts to improve the
dvocate . They opposed, because of the cost, the use of
blocks and cuts or the paying of correspondents from other
c ties . The book co ittee, ho 'ever, authorized the ex-
pe ditures , and Si pson ma e arran eme ts for lett r from
.. as in ton nd e York, nd cuts be an to ppear in the
pape • " y only ish, ' e s d, in justi
a ore
at t e dvoc te ay ea een o maki
e pr n nd
1
1 orous people.
n his action,
our cur h
fter a ea and a al in th ed o i 1 c 1
ps on s et unch n ed from
o the
ct on of he chu ch ap
s ori inal
•
r n
der and
To on
t
n he fir t
the
ssue of 1850, h told the h
bu
nd
rl
nt d for he
1 ous ne
•
But
a acts , not _s_p_e_c_u_l __ o_n_s
•
111 ere
ould cons
e subs ance o sue
un cat ons. s s o a 11 er r ,
c en
c, agr cul ur , nd ener 1 charac
12
p on
ay 20, 1850
.£E.• Ct., J
e arl
1
lb d., Jou al, Janua y 6, 1850.
to
r o 1 b
imp on,
240
acceptabl e , if well written. He would have no "personalities,
0
ould publish nothing if he ere aware it contained such
allusions . O bituary notices should be brief. It as not
t he purpose of the paper to eulogize the dead but to edifl
the li vin • Such phrases as " eeping friends," or "mourning
relat es" shoul d be omitted. Patrons ould not, as had one
good riend , cancel t heir subscriptions becaus an obituary
notice as educed in len t h , i f they r ealized t hat fifteen
o t e
no ce m t quote the same e r se f ro a hymn
14
or conta n t e sam eulogi st i c phra es .
In th se e rly mont the ape
0 s f r ends . ' I coul a ly 11 sh
e qu ck f vor
et th eulo
on t e pa e r sat conducted," on 0 t em 0
15
,
and no he r , " he
d oc te nev r stood as hi h n t e f -
16
c ons con 0 h p ch rs peo le no .
e s no d ct on n h re lect ons o
e ed o or he co ent o h fr nds , o e ne
h ch the 1850 a
•
or , av n dde 1 ad
o hold fo th
nd to on the
o-con ro r , a 1 in arc red e 1 t ,
n he pol t cal eld , no t e rel iou , h
COS
0
h • h occ 0 th Cop o 1 e 11 o 1850
- estern C ristian
15
pson , ~ • ct , Geo
ecem er 15 , 1849 .
16
anuar 2 , 18 O.
•
__ d_., J . L . Sm i th to S .pson , ove ber 15 , 1848 .
241
which included among its many items the Fugitive lave Act.
Attack on the Compromise of 1850. The Compromise was
an atte pt to settle, at least temporar ly , the complex
political roblem which resulted rom the acquisition of
terr tory ollo in · th
ar with ~exico . orthern Whigs
had ma.de an unsuccessful effort , uring the w r, to pass a
resolution hich ould have prevented t e establishment o
er in an o t ... e ne ly acquired territory . The South,
a
ed , bloc d ct on , and bre h n th ats of dis-
un o , began to bargain for her ri ts. T e iss e s
ro h to a eris sin D cember, 1849, hen C 1 o n , 1th
a ee constitution, sou ht adm ss on to the non.
n an y lay set o th a serie of esolutions
C , inco po at d rst n an 'omn u bill' d h n
h so e ale n sear te ea ures, c
0 th 0 p om se o 1850 . he e se ti 1
e e a s ion o Cal 10 a s a r tate,
a z 0 0 e ico d t tor e th-
0
n
cl
0 th la r qu t on h e tle nt
e bo
put bet een e 1co, t e
0
n
0 la e tr f ic 1 t e is r C of Colum a,
t
pas
e of d st C 'u la e L
l
ne ve
•
242
Simpson began discussion of the problem early in
. arch n e. not particularly vigorous or penetrs.ting editorial.
H e did recognize the wei t of the problem and opined that
the session of Congress would "yet rank among the most im
portant eve r held . ' California, he believed, should come
i as a free state. As for the proposal to 1 ve up a part
0
the terr tory received from e ico to sl very, th t as
a co promise against hich every feel ng of humanity, and
e r
r nc ple of r publ can sm, rongly e ol
•
t
The
peo le o the orth ould n ver ass nt to such a
.•• unless they c n be al rm d t the i dea o
cheme
dis ol ton
o e n on." I the South ere s r ous about di sun o ,
hen
e
e
e
• •
er
0
p
0
1 be ell
aced so e t me ·
1 e ed 1 s,
r s
• s
n
1 .
'
n
tt n
ere p sed .
1
0
con d
1 and
ccee n
oo e o
en te
to f ce th issu t once, 0 us
t o th er onl th aten n , s
en the t re ts ould subside n th
t, t n soul the ort do.
r their dut s r pr n V 0
n the d C r e o h h nd
e s arra n e e te o
s ss pp 0 ea en ho as r
er p S 0 n t en
ded • he ch d ht en of the or , u n
18 D
o n s o
· arc 6 , 1850 .
on ress,
e ,
243
their votes to m x the California bill with the ew Mexico
Texas boundary dispute, had "bo ed the knee to the d rk
sp rit of slavery;" he warned that--if he "read ari ht the
1
11 or the people"--a 'terr ble and political retribution"
19
a a ed these senators .
hese e curs o s into e political field, relat vely
ld a the
ere , needed , e fel , ex lan ton d just
cat on .
he ethod st press tr ditionall eld itself
'abov
1
o ti s; its p ovince as s ritu 1 ff irs. n
a 1 o t e o ths of t e dr atic b ttle over t tJompromise
asures , t e chie or an o he ethod t hurcn , the
e · o~
shor
V
co ained on o e
a de cri ester' nth
eec C d p e sed heed or because the
or decl ed t t e c uld se no necess t or h
0 h hod
top bl s
C
e ol
h
20
C •
ons o t
ch conde ned h
observed , e e tor 0
n r , co e
he e
e ho
•
t
ork ·ourn
t p
e h
ere
c rs
est on,
pol t cs •
• •
t
poss le for
n te so t osp 1 to n let
19
en 0 t e nit St tes,
1 24, 1850 .
20
Yor
nal , arch 14 ,
uo speech and
C u C cs in Con ress estern c r stian
20 , 1850.
ith advantage . "
21
244
Simpson, mindful o this tradition of the Church and
of the fact that his brethren were pretty well distributed
bet een the Democratic and , ig parties, began with the
irst of his art cles to defend his position.
1
e believe,
ndeed , that these mor 1 quest ons come strictly ithin
the prov nee o the rel ous press •••
22
th the
ol tical aspects he as not co cerned. ortunately, he
po nted o t, no ol ti cal lines ere drawn . ebst rand
la ere comb ned 1th
of' the South. '
11
ckinson and Cass to secu e the
I r
0 n and hase of
o las n Sh elds of 111 no s, t ou on
o and
ffe rent si es
ol t cs, re 0 d to st true to he c use of h n
ts .
2
e lon er e ttle ash n ton co nued an the
. o e
son 1 ed , ote, n OU ht about t, th
er
- e
b c e. n a 1 he to ed as de h s restra nt
ltho 11 n sort o t e a.er on d invect v
C
C a C r z m C 0 t con ov r al r tin 0
pe
od , e nonet 1 s s ron 1 mu ne t e mot es
21
e
, 18 o.
or Chr stian Journal , Decemb r
22
"D . s o
.'a C 6 , 1850 .
on r ss ," ester
2
'The
en te of e n te St tes ,
11
~ tern Christ an
r 1 24, 18 O. Do las at th st me as opposed
1 ter espouse the co nin the C 1 forni
ex co me sures.
245
of the politicians . "Why all these flaming speeches at
hin ton?" he asked. "I there any danger o di union?"
so far as he could s e there a "not the slightest indi
cation of it." It was simply this: the Soutr1 ant d to
1ntroduce slavery into e exico and de ired more stringent
la s or the recov ry of fugitive sl v
•
Such 1 s could
not b passed ithout ort er ote. Ho might th s vot
be obtained By bargain, by the trading or o ice and
e ol ~ t or vot
•
But 0 th n shall th politic! n
e ca e th in 1 ation n r of th orth?
Onl by the South getting up the ry o 1 union.
Th n hen the g t the country ci tad, the ort rn
cha on gn n ousl or rd to th
U ion •• • Among th elv th y 1 ugh h ch
but y xpect to gull th
t
e r
opl •'
Y, t
er men 111 cl 1 e honor nd r tit of th
ort for their ort to th nion •
• •
Th r ant tiv 0 0 1 er
P rp t tin
r
d, I
X C n o dee 1 th co 1 nt
by
r ntary t C ic or co 1 1n 00 nd b
tion; e :f'orm1n tr t t
t _
So
1 h,
C r1e , oul b for 11 t to co
t e
ol ct, h a e th u ion;
and
111 b
ok d to b r in tr t •
or h
1 , n uch ur pt to bind
t on th alt ,
u 8
acr
ice to
th d piri 0 ery, e b
le ve
o be n
1 hr ri st nor rt n dr 1
"
orgies .
246
Did he hear an objection from "a sensitive politican
ho dreads free speech?" Is not the Advocate "a religious
paper--how dare you discuss political questions?" Yes, it
as "a religious paper, and that is the reason we dare to
ursue an independent course.
e are not sold to the higs
or D emocrats or
ree-soil men.
e stand upon higher
. .-
round .
e are Christians-- e are Chr stian freemen--and
h s qu st on deeply a facts us." Churches from the orth
re e eluded , in a large measure, from slaveholdin
r tor . Some o the mini ters o th
a een mobbed , some co palled to escape
et odi t Ch rch
t e r 11 s,
s ly or pre ch n the ospel amon sl veholde s." One
o h s bre hren , sent out by
bishop, h d been d iven b
av hol
of he Indi n Territory.
et
ex co
b
e sl v
t
rr to , d t
ould be closed
to th
C
che s of
the
orth.
p r
ng
politicians
had
arned hi
to 1
t thes
ob ects
alone .
Tos ch th
ts h
could
only
ply,
, e
tle en o
th
politic
chool, you
may
uzzl th
po
c 1 res if ou c n, but th reli ious press shall
~ ree L __9:, for its su
e shall thro ourselves u on
----
~ countr • ,
02
24
'he nion,' estern C ristin dvocate, ay 1,
epr nted in full, Crooks, o. cit., pp. 262-65.
The reaction to his editorial course, and particul rly
to his article on "The Union," was highly f vorable.
ethodist men of the frontier liked a man who would fight.
senator Benton had already commended him for his stand on
25
C al i fornia, and Sen tor Chase had ritten, in reference
to an earlier ed torial , "I do not choose to resist the
incl nat on which im els e to offer to you my since e
t a , s f o your manl , and more than anly, your Chr st an
a ' cle on the late scene [ oote an Ben on n the enate.
112
e Indi ana fr end ot , our ditorial on the 'nion'
as iven e eartfelt oy. 0 ho gl I m to see am
the e d of our C urch o an oh h nerv to d re
g t.
2?
Another, o felt th 0 0 s pson s a 1 le
00 1 tra' , nonetheless ad the ed tori 1. I t e
-
e er ng ol she r o t, nq or 1
I
1 , ome co nd, nd a f cond
•
u , b 1 ev
i
0 t pop 1 e 0 1 OU ve ritt n.
• •
s
r n OU t 1 man.
28
•
0 C e un, he con d he C
e
month. Ch n , e n, he ot ,
2
tob ogr ph C 1 . , an er p
•
2
,
•
, 2 69-?0, C
son ,
d te n or,
err
to 1 of 11 24.
27s1
pson, 0 . , J. • Sm th to im son, ay 2 ,
50 .
28
I b d.,
m
•
1 to pson, a 16, 1850.
248
taunting the members of Congre s, "these ' ashington_ politician
are negotiat ing for your votes as coolly and deliberately
heir t in bret n ar for fl h nd blood in the hambles,
over hich ave the stars and tripes of our national anner·.'
29
The n t ent of e Fug1t1v Slave Bill call d forth
se ral objection fro the en of Sim so : ( 1) It
jury. (2) Th
rit or h b s co pu a refus
o oc ss by hich none rn dover to a 1
•
n1 d tri 1
Tb.er
-hunte
as
oul
recov rd, v n if h re ro d not negro. (3)
e 1 o rared a d C rib, for h judg
tee o fi ol r if h neg o er fr ed, but
s tor ceiv a
n oll r
. ( )
0 1 o ld b quir d o
•
( )
co - tun o
to a 1 t 1n t C p ot tho C d of
ng e -
r ic
0
e ad
a 1 t
o or
o .
9
30
ane
h
0
ro
in
0 0
1
1
1 C
n ni r C 1 t 0 C
,
0 0
1r
1
0
C ,
0 t
pir
,
p 0
f 1r , "
1 ght in r
, t 1
on. It
,
1 t 0 1
t
1
•
h
1c
g t
Co
11 OU
15,
Advoc te , cob r , 1850, cit d
of a n 'hi er law'", dwelling in the bosoms of Christian
people hich would render unfair laws "comparat vely nuga
tory. "31 He did not favor violence. Resistance to law
249
meant mob action. He therefore advised a Christian "to use
all m oral influence to change the odious features of ex
ceptional la s--let him speak freely by the ton ue, the press
and the ballot box, but never let him resist . n
32
The attack on the Fugitive Slave Bill met 1th th
sa e universal approbation' hich had gr eeted hi editorial
n the nion .
3
te for the ri
Th I dian Conferenc
34
ng. On th Indi n
u
•
i . Voorhe and other cond
fo e he tudents and -tr ed to cure
cc s or in the pr s denc epli d to
ants ot d on hundred to .four for
g ve him a rising
sbury University
ed the dito i 1
c n ure. S mpson'
he ent, and th
Si
5
pson.
So
elt h t S p on h d njur d h elf b h
orial
1
an
2
6
, d 0 t dent nd clo f nd,
Sept b r 25, 1850, cit d
bid., ov ber 1, 1850, c b San , loc. ct.
2, 1850
1 pso , 0
•
cit , J e 111 to i son, Octob
Coo ,
0
•
C t •,
p. 259.
2 ,
35 i
185 .
pson,
0
•
cit., L . er to s pson, ove ber
6
. ,
o . B. es pson, n . d .
- -
250
Gordon Battelle, begged him "to leave off the
sla e ~ from this time, hence forth~ forever . Amen."
37
Battelle lived in Ch rleston, irginia, and had at best a
difficult time keeping his people loyal to the orthern
churc . • rilliam J . Brown , editor of th Indiana tate
ntinel , and con ressman from Indiana , fi ding hi self
thoroughly ~iss t fied iJ i th Simpson
1
s editorial policy,
dertook to put the churc ma n his roper place. • 'e
e 1 · a rs dm ed r. S son" h , ote, ' for h s elo-
ue ce n the pul t an t e sim 1 city and beaut o hi
ut d v it, no la, h s been h s study . .e s 1al l
e ar cle in he sp rt o fo
1 n h sp , so ap ealed to a
0 t r t es o t e 1 ub t nt i doc
er la • ' la e ac n er e eel
e orce o
aural
e a 1
e so 11 d
•
T
C 8
a on t e •s ~aller
n n a ol n led to e OU
1 ook, • d e te s s d
0 n be o e 0
o ' co e pon ent , d 1
nd an ol s .
ed it th ed to
I 8
ra c •
e of
is y
er
pol -
1 n
OU
n of
1, ro e
da e
a ell to
antic ate
on, ece e 29, 1851. h
then yea .
rooks, o • cit., p . 267 .
1 to p on, ece ber
251
-
in a mocking spirit, "'Ve talk of commencing suit a ainst
you orthwith for murdering 111 Brovm . He is dead ith
11
40
la --dead by the hand of a divine. Another good friend,
not a vethodist, as some hat concerned. He was ell pleased
th th con uct of the con roversy thus far, but feared
uture consequences.
111 Bro 's 'barkin
11
had been follo ed
b r the elpin s of most of the 1 ttl ed ors n Ind na."
ere s a strong incl n ion to band i pson s an
abol on st--one Con essma
nd many o hes ado e ly
done sos nee
ote .. er .
h he
co es on 1 can
s
.
about to open,
if t
controve sy
e cont nued, Si pson
spa er ould b t e sub ec 0 s p
o a o
11 0
e tat ,
and " 0
rest ssu ed
t
r ecorousl
C
ello
a
0 a ect to
OU
their
e
e
11 0 SC 1 0 an
in t e r
C
• oul b
i d e · ole
t C
r
urc
• • •
to th
pool 0 polit cs .
.
0
re
r s
m son d
,
d ot C se h
a
on
•
e co
t ove sy
of rea s
. f C
nc not onl
0
the ed
or,
0 mp on he ch C
he
or
tofor
he h b en
kno to
con-
ue
a
an o
eloquence
n h 0 t
tt ... e
__ a _, avid c onald o i pson, J nu ry 9 , 1851 .
1
252
t he pulpit and as a doctor of divinity worthy of h s title
when he moved in educ tional circles . Through h s editor ls
his political stature had rown greatly; henceforth, he
ould be recognized a.s a spokesman on public aff irs . ost
0 hi colleagues believed th t the function of the church
11
as to save souls and to aid men in 11 ving the good 11 e--
beyond th t the
ould not go , lest the
et into politics .
.is concept o Christian es pons bili t ha broadened from
eve el sm a d th doctr n of h istian inf uence hich he
ad
ached to his stu ents to the bel ef th t the Cr st an
attle for hat as r ht, and th t
. e
•
c bl bound up 1th public aff
I
snot tha h had ch n ed his m nd on the
ter
0 co
2
for he st 11 had the same
r ove r
Y,
orence
or
pett
u r
ls o
he c urc ,
a to t e
d o h s
or
h s
f s 1 r ed to op n s col
to
• t h h d
a ne and 1 er e
0
.
h
d s of
ci cu
r
e e
a
1
0
s
r er v
t g V
•
ence
n
oth
c urc d
n on d ca
late hen ,
nne r
scarcel
0 to a et od p
cher, too t e
0
erned to
co n ry.
had le rn d controve
p 1
so ponent on
a p r ument ,
--he had
h d
4
Crook , o. ct., p, 269, mi t enl hol s th s
0 t O V
e •
253
learned to deride, and upon rs.re occasion to be severely
personal, but these arts he had ,cquired for a ne cause,
the cause of the church a ainst public rong.
other Activities. During his editorship Simpson
remained a membe r of the Indiana Con erence and cont nued
to act as its secret r •
e attended a large number of
public services i thin its bounds and dedicated many
chu ches . L ke ise, he reached frequently n nc nnati,
po at te per nee meetin ·s, ppea ed on lecture series,
a d a e commence ent t lks . Al to :,ether, these de nds
ere sue th t he en aged nearly as uch i n pre ch n g
he ould
d a a
nc nnati .
e done in a pastorat e . His popularit r in
ot at 11 di inish d by h s esid nc n
e elec ed , in 1851 , at t eh ad of the
e a on to t e ensuin er 1 Co erenc , th only
o d s e t n votes--o e so , one ht o a er ood
kne he oul be lected an d too ers
an
r e o OU to kno •
4
our er
1 er 1 t ad been r ored t t ould beco e b hop ,
f ends fr quen ly stated r ng t e qu dr enni h
r n en on of el v n h m to th to fice at he f rst
3
m SO , 0 • C t •, utob ographic 1 manuscr pt .
4
1 id . Jesse • Peck to pson , . ay 27 , 1852 .
254
45
opportunit y . He himself, apparently, thou t well of his
prospects, f or some to months before the convening of the
General Conference he packed his household goods and ship ed
them from Cincinnati to ittsburgh. It was his purpose,
he said , in a manner reminiscent of 1848, to return to the
active m nistry in the
46
ittsburgh Conference, but he could
not hav been una are of the poss
he hie- e r offic e .
lity of his election to
•
mit to S pson,
a y 23 , 1 850 •
4
Ibi ., utobio r phical m nuscr pt.
C PTER VIII
FIRST YEA I T E ISCOPACY
The G ener 1 Conference of 1852 convened in oston on
ay 1 . Off the press only a month, Uncle Tom's Cabin, 'The
1
G reat erican Tale," had already sold 20,000 cop es. Boston
as a tir with excitement, but illiam Lloyd Garrison as
disgusted to find that the deleg tes to the Gener 1 Confe ence
er mo e excited b a controvers over pe s than by th
gi i ve 1 ave a • They ar not the first, but he last
'blind
a ca el,'
ides,' ho have 'strained at
said the e gland Abol
gnat , ands allo d
on st.
2
It as not
surp ng , ho ever, t at the on erence sho ed little d s-
OS ... o to o en th ua 1 on slavery. Th re had b n
- t 1 senti en in f vor of a chan e n he disc 1 ne, and
no
t on f OI!l he pres
•
T onfe nc , 1 k t
pol
C 1 e ch r o meet in con n on a ont
r, as content to accept the Cop o of 1850 , so
oce
0 t o e C tin bu nes 0 lee ng ne b shops.
a the
mpson, ng a
0 co -
es
an a ember o d, nd pa C ng rel
deba
e,
n ct ve d legat n the days p eced n the
2
he
-
iberator, June 11, 1852.
election. Several times he was called upon for addresses
or sermons, but was not placed in the chief pulpit at
B romfield Street church until after the election. An
address on Sabbath schools brought from the Daily Zion's
H erald praise as "fervid and appropriate," and an apology
to the readers for having to abstract the remarks of the
u3
"eloquent Dr.
• • •
A speech on missions impressed a
reporter i th "the sustained and connec ed tra n of thought
u on h ch the octor leads off 1th railroad speed and
po er. r The speech as
11
po erful,
11
al thou h the Doctor
had so e "monotony in his intonations,' and shrillne s
i n s vo ce.
4
Alto ether, his spe ches in oston e -
c ed no 1 t le nte est .
1
... o ,ever, the ed tor of th
ho as it n ske ches oft e off ce so the
neral C onfe ence, elt constr ned to 1 ttle about
h fell o ed tor, S mpson,
'
or unfo tun el . he
• •
one o
' t he noble arm
'
0 cand d t for the piscop cy
u5
•
• •
T e on e nee de ned to el c our o n b
b shop
•
arty 1 ne y elded lar 1 to section, 1th
"'ele a es from e
gl nd, t e iddle tates, t e e
( n ana , 11 no s, Ohio and astern r nia). ach
3
a ly Zion's erald, ay 1, 1852.
256
4
5
e te and nal, y 27, 1852 .
22, 1852.
257
section advanced its favorite son, but each had to depend
upon combining with others in order to elect. In the ·est
a spirited contest developed among Simps on and Ames of
Indiana and Thomson of Ohio . The election was scheduled
for Tuesday, May 25. On onday Simpson's friends had se
cured almost enough pledges for a ma·ority, but it req~ired
"tte most extraordinary exertion and) the utmost steadi
ness" to hold even the Indiana dele ates n line . The fear
•as that S pson nd Ames ould split th vote the ast
and neither ould be electe
•
Indiana as fo both of the
b t h o, in an atte pt to block S pson n elect hero
6
ca d d te, homson, h d thrown her s ppo to es.
On uesda morn ng t e tellers passed through h
a les and col ect d the sl ps o ape o h c th n es
ad been r tten . The secre es announced re lt
b llo b llo, and S .pson , lon it oth s, kept
a bulation . One hundred n seventy-three otes er
cat, e ht -seven ere nece sar to elec • v Scot of
,
ladel
a and e York rece done hundr d
son one hund ed and ten, Os a
•
er o
d t
e
teen,
1 d ,
n net , and d a d
•
7
s e g ty-n ne. our e had be
att e pson , ss., L.
•
err pson, un
20,
1852;
Geor e
•
Crooks , T e e 0 .1atthe
.
(
-
son
e
ork: arper s, 18 ,
•
276 .
7
Ibid.,
utobio raphic 1 anuscript · Croo , 0
•
c·t.,
p.
277 .
258
elected on the irst ballot, to of them from Ind ana . The
Ohio dele ation , by supporting mes , had secured the defe t
of their o m cand dete who stood fifth in the ballot n •
That night Simpson , a ter rev ew n the elec ion ,
h
. 1 " th t I d
rote n s J ourn , • • • e vo e rec e ve s
~olly unexpected , nd dee ly mpressed e t the k nd
feel ne,s of m brethren .
, y I
e isdom an gr ce to
f t e for the h h res pons b 1 ties wh ch may devolve u on
e,
nd es ec I o a o e horo h conse-
C t on to od d use .
,8
T e rr n e ent , he lt ,
as oll rov dent al . " e as nv te to re ch t
0
he rom ield Street churc on nex
~abb
h mor ...
•
- e 0 C 0 sop t h es t
or n he 0 st C re
•
he c 1 res ons b 1 es
e es d t the co fere C n pas or
0
C re n s erv s n m s 0
•
0 S ere o en called pon to re C sec 1 oc-
C
on or to 1 e
•
0 0 e r
SC
re so al ed h n ion
0
ex n e 0 1 0 nces 0 h Ch C
. 0
o h
pos on n t Chu ch o 1 s m 0 0 r
c_
n
8
d •'
ournal, .. y 26, 1852 .
9
Auto o rap 1cal pt . . , m u er
OD
erald , ay 29 , 1852.
•
259
opportunity for an orator to exercise his talents. He had
presti ge of office, a wide audience, and his speaking enga e
ments were frequently special occasions--anniversaries of the
Church, ordinations, conventions.
In fact, the bishop was so circumscribed by the Church
that in public affairs and moral issues, and even in denomi
national polity, that he as likely to become neutral. He
as a moderator, authorized to pres de over meetings, but
ven no part in debate or discussion. If he e pressed h s
op n on in eneral Conference, he as censured or taking
advanta e of h s of ice to nfluenc the vote,
11
if he
es poised a C ange in be po 1c of the
C
urch, he as re d
a his funct on as to ad nister he la , not to e. t.
r . Si pson ou t never to have been lected,' e · ven,
b 11 · ant yo ·ourn list o ·· the Churc , e cl · ed sho tly
a ter the e action . S son, Ste n xpl n
gorous , to o out po en on publ c fa s, oo po
e c er to ave h s t · 1 nt
1 z d or ver.
o c rcely an other funct on n the deno at on
ore
et icted either 0 ly o 1 lly ••
• •
too
ich
o cl
0
o m n
ong us has re lly less liberty of speech or act on
• • S mpson ould
12
• Curt ss,
His tor ork t
1211
Bi hop Ames,'
October, 1855 .
ber those ors and
anual of iethodist
· ·Eato · -;-1093), pp .
1 ct
d
th
em.13
upon
The primary function of the bishop was to preside
260
at the sessions of the annual conferences and to appoint
m inisters to the churches . The latter responsibility was
performed in cooperation with the presiding elders ho con
stituted a
0
cab1net . tt They advised the bishop on the con-
ion of the districts in the conference and of the needs
0
the chu ches, as ell as the abilit es of the preachers .
Regu ar sessions of the conference ere held dur n the day,
l ove feasts, anniversary celebrations, and peaching
ces co ducted early n the morn ng or a hours set
t b the co ference . Cabine sess ons re at ni ht.
o the fall o t e fi st ~ r S mpson s as ed our
co e e ce h ch e ust s rintend b h sel d thee
hes h ch h s to ass st h n or collea e n
h p1sco a , d
•
ane
•
In h s r cone enc s,
or e a l
I
he not on y res ed at he on
d et
cab -s V ral e 1 t r t--
e spo e t e s
a - C ool and s 0 rsar
ch
don und 0 d ne de con and e s.
an
of t se dut e fo d one 0 s, ticularly hen
ch
C
tr 1 prolonged the d 1 seas ons H s t at the
13
s1 p on,
0 ober 11 , 1855
-1 po to s. llen • 1m on,
Ib d ou nal, une 2,.10, 1852 .
J
261
president's table, sometimes "stealing" a few minutes from
15
the long discussion to write to his wife, sometimes
listenin to the protracted debates and then complaining
to his diary: "did but little work.
• closed Conf . before 10 o'clock.
Had a night session
ad some headache .
016
• •
He as fo ced to hurry f om one co ference to another, and
often as inconven enced, someti es irritated, by the details
17
of travel .
The last of the annua fall conferences o d nar ly
ere scheduled f or Septa ber or O ctober. The b shops then
a ape od o three or four onths h ch hey m t
evo e to superv sory respons b 1 t es, ec 1 occ sions
o he hurc , d personal affairs. Simpson h d iss o a y
en e rp 1 s s to o ve s e , pro act hich r quired much corre-
s onde ce and a re t d 1 of e d n no de fam 11 iz
hi el th the co r nd h 0 e s e b r of
e oa
of tru tees o h lf dozen co le es nd se in
e ,
as e pct d o en 0 n s, d as UC
sat hi o expen
18
e ma
e su erv son of chu c co
arc tect re , t tles , pa son es, nd
pl ns for mor
ees, es c 11 on
nance . e s
15Ib
d •,
s pson 0 s . 1 en H. pson, ctobe
, 1
52 .
16
I d ., ournal, Apr 7, 1855 .
17
Ibid.,
ournal , une 18, 1852 et
18
d ., ournal, June 16, 1855 .
262
called upon to use his influence with the legislature in
19
behalf of the schools, he received local pastors and
advised them on their affairs, although he sometimes felt
20
much time was "lost" by such calls. His friends, too,
ma.de demands upon him, sometimes of unusual nature. illiam
Daly, his friend o the Indiana days and newly elected
president of the State uni varsity in Indiana , beg ed him to
send a. ceremony for conferring degrees. 'First rite down
n atin the very ords ou ould use in confering [sic]
the Degree of Bachelor a s--and give me your translat on
21
of it
• • •
The greatest de ands upon h m ere for se ons, d
dr sses, and lectures. Althou h he had not et attai ed
teem nenc and fame hich later p ompted e tr vagant
accounts of h s eloquence, he
a t e ost e f ct ve p e cher
s soon idely ecogniz d
22
on the b shops. e
· as anted or dedic tion , or collect ons, Sunday-school
and
he e
on r
, and o
allies, benef t lectur s. Sunday
n h ee, e o e do
er
and he l ce o pre ch n o pe K
n b
so·et
19
d •,
11 am Cook to imp o pr 1 2 185
•
,
I
20
d., Journal , January 1, 1856.
21
Ib d .,
•
Da ly to Simpson , ovember 2 , 185
22
Ibid., G. C. alsted to Simpson , n .d. [ or the
iss on ry demonstrat on, o ber 2, 1853]7
•
•
263
ith a brief co ent on the conditions, the result, or his
personal feel n s.
tt
• • •
at~ past 10 preached from
John 17-32 to a fullhouse and after sermon took u a
collection and pledges amounting to 1350, to liquidate the
23
debt on the church and parsona e." "At ni t preached to
a cro ded house • • • Had no liberty hatever and a very
24
11 meet ng . e dismissed very early." The de nds
upon him ere so great that he suggested to the board o
s op th t th s st atize thei plans o visitin
c urches--on everal occas o she encountered one or ore
0
·s colleagues ho, like m e , had been dra to th
s e pl c 0 th s cal erv ce . His p opos to
ot favor bly conside
d . 25
Th preachin en ents,
o ever de and ng they ere of h s t e nd gy, er
0 ce of pl sure and s t f C on . p ed to
he t ple o es n e
r st a
oth in t
2
n s r ann r n u
•
on Th lect es h ch
hop a
led on to g v r . o t e ben ft of h
c re es, t e o
en's mercantile soc ons, th
2
d.'
1, bruary 6, 1 5 ourn
•
241
id., ebru ry 27, 1853 .
25
d • '
u ob phical pt . o r manuscr
2
1 , 7 , 1853 . Ib d., ourn anuary
264
Y. M . c. A ., and one was "in behalf' of a Lot for preacher
in Pittsburgh Cemetery."
27
He repeated a number of times a
lecture he had given in Cincinnati hen he as editor of th
!estern Christian Advocate, and he tudied "very busily" in
-
-
writing another on the "Pr ternatural," ich h deliv red
first in Pitt burgh in January, 1853, and ther fter larg
number of times until the Civil ar eriod. Sine th 1 ctur
bodi s any of his 1 ding ide , demon tr tes hi critical
th king, and rev al hi unusu 1 tic and ic ori 1 po e,
1 1 ell or h revie ing at som 1 ngth.
At th first presen ion, hie a ell ttended,
h re ort r o th 1 bur Gaz tho gh t th t h h d
----
eldom 11 e ed to a mor 1n r ing nd in tr c iv
lee
• • •
nli n d ( it )
1 t 0
r to ic
0 and
co r
r
a
e
d nt
o le
2'7
28
29
nd S 0
1 t th
th le n
,
2
•
c on i , n
e o r a
h or.
28
Occu n
on it nt
1 ifi d n , 1
I
h h
h
•
on th
h din
n
Ibid., ry 10, 18 3 .
itt bur
J nu r 26 , 1853.
Loe . cit.
-
265
know where he is, and hat his instruments before he can
30
acquire contentment or success." There had been much
stir bout "spiritual srn," and "t ble rapp ngs;" peo le
ere alarmed and fearful, and some had been lost to the
Church , but only, he bel eved, because they ere unin ormed,
bee use the knew not ho to rel te strange happenin s to
n tural causes . He applied, therefore, as the h la elphia
ress sa d of his presentation in that city, his "extra-
o inar po e s of anal s and his reat fund of inform-
at on to demon trate t e foll of the doc ri es of the
31
reterna tural . e illu tr ed so profusel and raplic -
ally that e en the common peo le could understand h
2
t n el ta s cl' r nc l es . ear ued an
of vi enc de am 1
s 1 o ' co 1 tely d mol sh" the modern d lus on
o s r ual
n · he cau t t a or o t peo le b
h n the r
b s
t s.nd r h stren thened the r
od by v nd cation o t
3
pure nd sp r u 1
0
n
eho
e s
•
, fro anc ent S 0
d an nn e love for them r ellous ors
OS
pson , 0
•
C t., Co encem nt add
31
The Ph sde hia , anuar 4 ,
2
OC . C t.
33
ttsbur h Daily Gazette , .2£• ct.
e p es nt,
ma ural .
s ,
. d •
861 .
266
Thousands have been executed for practicing witchcraft,
many people have believed in ghosts , sailors in olden times
fancied they saw supernatural appearances and ancient
historians gravely recorded the events . All of these
delus ons and apparitions , he bel eved, ere easily ex
plained, they merely demonstrated
ho the mind acts upon the nerves o the eye, and ho,
someti es , a speck in the lens creates them ••••
In the delirium o fever the mind acti g objectively
orces be ore the eye fearful vis ons, and in cases
o intoxic tion men 111 o en c a pump handle
the p stol of a rob er, and thro down their poc et
books in terror •.•• o, too , under the nflue ce
of en exc ted m gin to, righten d men o ten ee 34
demon or ·ackasses, follo ng t e along lonely roads .
e place occupied by dreams nd t ces n 1 tion
to 'the supe tural ought also to be cons der d . e
b 1 e d that 'in e tber o t ese cond o s man as in
o e ak stat th en a ake .
'
he hest and most
ort t V 1 t ons e e d to he m n a e. It
le s eal h 0 er o e lia le to dr
•
In ct,
t
ost pol f C C U es of d a s r found in a slug h
c rcul
on, due 1 excit ent, or too-h r y
er.
6
s for
t econd
1 h h d noted tha it ,
as
ne rl
al ays yoWl 1 1 or old om n ho po essed
s
a t cul r virtue, thou la es re thus honor d
4
h lade ha Daily ~ven_n Bulletin, Jan ry 4, 1861.
5
hiladelphi __ cit .
36
loc . cit .
0
267
he would leave to be inquired into by the next oman's
Rights Convention, with the remark that their nervous temper-
37
am ent mi ht account for their powers in this direction."
"appings also came in for a rap a.t the hands of the
lecturer •••• " By this modern delusion, he said, "tele
graph c communic tions with heaven and hell ••• ere no
de about as cheaply and as quickly as 1th Boston or
38
e Y or • " They m ht be accounted for by ven riloqu sm,
b collusion, by n ur 1 causes not yet ex la ned. The
d t y of th nk n men and omen as toe la n the 'and not
act 1 ke the Br in ho broke the icroscope b cause it
39
sl o ed im he did not ish to se
•
h spiritu lists id no p d ct fornia 0 ustr
and t eir gold, nor could t y tel h about t
at of the ate me tlantic-- 11 of hie goes ga nst
t e be ng supe tu al. The C ld not V n t 11 US
abo t t e este 0 1 ell
• • •
p
hp t e e plan on or any eal mani e tat on
he strang heno ena could be found in 1 ctr c t
•
or
m el he doubt d t t t a n t e po er o spiri 0
ia
ac
on tt 11 . , lee t, i the uch po r,
e
ned yet to be de onstrated, a h e no s t s-
actor
V ence o ton r cord, e ce t n he phenomenon
7
h 1 delphia ____ t.
38
h 1 elphia Press , o. ct.
3
ladel hi Bulletin o. ct.
40
OC • Cit•
268
of life itself.
41
He could not look with favor upon belief in the preter-
natural , for, upon the whole, the tendency of such belief was
to "ret rd the progress of science, and knowledge, because
it checked inquiry."
42
Eclipse s had once been considered as indicative of Divine
displeasure. So , too, comets h d once been regarded
as ominous of oa, and the Pope, in vie of this, had
once actually made one o these heai~nly wanderers the
subject of an excommunicating bull!
True relig on, he said , differed from t e mysticism
hich sa
s ritual
phant oms and appar tions, in that it revealed the
44
orld , and ave 11 t for earthly toil. 11
n ind, nthe rudest and most unenligh ened" as
those of odern times, felt that thee as a futur
:11 as
orld,
and ' ong all the ideal conce tions of supernatural be ngs
• •
• there re none comparable n purity and hol ness to
an els o the ible . But t e e e ust to modes of
co
un ca ion th the sir orld.
'
ne a , b spi
co
on· e other s, b mater al or sical s
e
r ust be r ecte
•
I he e istence of the
ss e, n could ace tai it 1 s onl
b patient nqu ry, and h co ld at best but fo
an im-
41
hiladel ha it.
42
oc. cit .
43
oc. cit.
44
hiladelphi ulletin, o • cit .
1
269
perfect idea of futurity."
45
Little remains concerning the reaction of the audi
ences, save the enthusiastic accounts of three reporters and
Si m pson's brief entry in his diary: "At ni t lectured in
1
asonic all to a large audience on 'the reternatural' The
l ecture was ell received and occupied about one hour and
46
t enty m inutes ." One of the hiladelphia paper ema ked
hat t he lecture
as "listened
to through-out
1th great
attent on, and t
e aud ence ev
dently en oyed t e
speaker's
s arp hits at the
'spiritual'
follies of
the day.
47
The
er ti cal h nki
of
the speaker
and his
technique of
asse
n a v st a ount of in o a on and llust t on s t the
e te r n
1 t o
ich as to sustain him on the popul r lecture
fort ent - ive years .
ntrospection. Ho ever bus he as, and ho ever uch
sou t ere his services,
mpson
snot
tis ied it his
d to his od .
1-
o personal rel tionship to the Church
ay na e i do and r ce to it
or t
h h re on -
b 1 ties
ich ay devolve upon e, and spec 11
a I b
led o a o e thorough consecration to G od and h s caus ,
8
45
h ladel ia ress, o. ct.
46
pson, o . cit., ournal, anuar 25, 1853.
47
hil delphia ulletin, £.E.• cit.
48
s mpson, o. ct., Journal, ay 2 5 , 1852 ,
2'10
he wrote in his journal the evenin of the day he was elected
to the episcopacy. In the succeedin weeks he was much too
busy with conferences to keep his diary or to give an account
of his "religious experience.
11
His first days of leisure
came during an inspection trip into western Virginia . De-
ta ned by high ater, he had much time on his hands. The
c urches ere small, the con regations discour ged and
a ath t·c, an he" uch depressed.' He sou ht to analyze
s col"ld t ons. In some respects he labored "suff c e ly.'
n eed , e felt so et s th the could not 'ear th physical
e for s
• • •
to ether 1th the m nt 1 xci ent' under
ch he ork d . Yet e 00 h ch fol o ed from h s pu pit
bo s s ittle compared th hat e m t expect ere h
n 't e full spirit 0 his iss on . at my heart
ee s , h roe , is 'a deeper ork of
• •
re u
so et not et poss ssed 0 ak v ctor ous over all
y fi tie nd e .ptations
• • • •
I need to c eated
n C r st
49
sus.
e
ear's da ound irst ros rte 1th peni-
en e
and th n st l n d by e nd 0 S esol ion
fo
h co
n year. A k ned at t o in the orn b the
n of a clock, he knelt b is d d to for
S 0
nd race.
ie r
1th h ork, h doubte tat he
·oul
live
ough other ar , yet h s thankful h t
4
mpson , o • cit., ournal , December 25, 28, 1852 .
ed by Crooks , .£E.. cit., pp . 284-5 .
s
271
D eath had not yet "been commis sioned to cut me down.' He
would aim at a hi er life, this ew Year, than ever here
tofo e; he would seek to cultivate and guard his physical
po ers , he would better redeem h s time--converse less with
friends, "especially on topics other than the Church and
i t s in ti tut ions and person 1 holiness ." H e ould deny
self "physical d ntellectual pleasure" h ch h s
·ud ent could not approve as "being in accordance i th
e
est gro th n race.' avin ri en at s x ht
orn
and , a ter bath n, red 'hree c p ers in the
be in n o the ld est ent nd to n the e ' he ,
u posed 'a e ular read ng aft h s ne al e hod .
0
e as once a
s ph s c 1
a ed t e ne
n f gh t e p oble of s OU h .
ack o a ness and he n al an t ich
ace spo s b 1 es s doc r ne
o h s C u ch , c s an p ect on o en es nc
C
s h a t snot cl nsed fro 11 n u y,'
he d
0 V h 0 C d 0 e
o e
c h v ne s r
11 consec
51
C •
T es e ma
d h confe s
nt o
s s er t h
,
,
s h 0 no h 0 1 ot o en
o o er . But n he pr ng , t
et lked o r s r 1 t
fello c urch mm er] n e or ,
s
50
bid., anuary 1, 185. Crooks , o . ct., pp . 286-7.
51
rb d., D b 1 18 2 ece er 3 , 5 • roo s , o. cit ., p . 2 6 .
0
272
.. rs . Phoebe Palmer. A distr butor of tracts and one of the
earliest female class-leaders in the city, she was noted for
52
her "promotion of hol ness ." She as surpr sed and uch
concerned o le rn th t the ishop d d not h ve th "experi-
ence ." In fact , she believed that 1 t
snot thee per ence
he lacked , but the 'witness." "I ope, she rote, "you will
not loner permit he tempter to h nder ou from la
DO
..
e
omis ••• fro the ersuas on that ou ma
a Q e
art
oll , o the o d lmo s th
old
ot
s nceri
our el
of your
t n on.'
here is no nd ct on th t
e e r disco v ed the at sfyin s iri tu 1 co
0 0
c she ro
•
he follo
g e
ear ' day h
a in
cove a
ter
0
0
0
t, i s r e , t
vot on o God.
5
Ho
e s e e
0 C ve e
to
-
0 e
0 ,
0
n d
e
ear should e o e of
di sco or n h so
a re
dos
e ulpit .
on .
n ce
of 18
n a, 0 a e co 1
on
p
for
on , but n V r
co. ple
d,
s bot
n int
t n n r ti
an a V ble u
52
d 1 h a
_ • 308 .
son, __ , •
no 1 te c
ted 1 4, •
s . hoebe
efers to
4
Ibid.,
ournal, Janu ry 1, 1854.
alme r to
her con-
27 3
index to the thinking and the exper ences of the writer . It
shows h m read ng, reflect ng, observ n, and moralizing . It
catches him innoments of humor , of inquiry and examination,
of concern and fear for his physical well being . It reveals
his love of the be utiful inn ture and his feelin for the
descriptive phrase , it reflects the naive interest h ch the
untravelled find in the ne and the different , and it shows
t e pride by ich the American patriot measures all that is
he first several days Simpson roe of ex er enc s
o t e sh p, descr bed, n language somet es qu te ly ical,
tl e sea d t e clouds, recalled h voyages o Colurnb s, nd
e ected on the ev ls of the C tholic h C n th provi-
de ce of od h ch left the no t ern cont nent o e to h
P?'lo
es n s. bout d- a n it VO ge the essel put n
at a ca or t ad n nd n
•
s a y of mpson's
ob er
0 S and r lee on t s po nt 1 llus te
n r h ch he util z d s tr 1 to enr c is
e
e
ences and his pr ach n .
t Sim on set 0 t, t
ro
er
e sone a fello -. et od st ra eller, to V e th ,
t
of
n ston Spani
55
el ted t n 0
•
e a
e
ro
cal ve et t on "so reen and luxu ous V n n id-
· ter.
e descr bed t e scene at the h rf: om en car
5
1 ., ccount o trip to Cal ornia. S cceeding
r
J.
~ --
reaces are tot i source unless other ise noted .
274
ing baskets of coal on their heads, little boys diving for
dimes and dartin about in the water "li e some amphibious
animals, loafers lounging on the docks , and in the background
the cocoanut tree "tall and slender with a single issue of
leaves at its summit ••• spreading 1 ke an umbrella . " But
before relatin his experiences and observations , he must,
or the benefit of his "youthf'ul eaders" iv a sketch of
e geo raphy and history of the island--th size , the origin
o the nae , th o 1 inal population , its discovery, Columbus'
fer s, found n of c ties, trem cruelty of Spania ds,
portation of sl ves, se zu e by the ngl sh, t e use o the
sland for buccanee 1 , cont nued cruelt, e c pt on of
s aves orce by reli o s people of ngland, the cru 1
r t ent of son res, an accotm o the nt o ct on of
.e od s b a sl
anecdot s of he pe cut on
ho s converted n
d y t o 1
d,
pr ch
eo 1 , he vil course of the C urch o 1 nd, d t
1 1 e t th anc p on o slaves.
0 on o e o the r nc pal s e an h s co -
p
- 0 e e b
II
C 0 d of colo om n and boy o fer-
fo
ale e ery s ecies o fru t ro in on h i 1 nd .
he p ess heir a thro th 1 OS as much
C lt
s throu a C o d of ork hac en fort e r
ob ect
s to vie t e princip 1 ethodist chu ch,
Coe
Ch oel .
""
275
Brother Reasoner then went back to the boat, but
Si mpson, with an unquenchable curiosity, made his ay down
to the station to catch the 'cars" to Spanish Town, the
capital city of the island. Several other passengers had
ind cated their intention to make the trip but none
res ent hen the train pulled out. The cars, after the
u opean fashion , ere divided into three "apa tments •
• •
i ke carr es . '
y they had th s stran e arr ement he
co ld not unders and unles t arose from ar stocracy
ch eeks an e clus ve apartment." ~eh de -
ce en co pany o, an ous to hear the late t s from
n land , pl ed h m h quest ons , nd th n po n ed o t
ob · cts o n e st alon th a , e pla n d the customs and
act ce 0 f ng , poke o the e t depr ss on but
x-
e se thei bel ef ere in ic t on of mp ova-
•
n the lat r m son not r ho eful . t em d
0 hat h ho cl t had des o ed" h t buo t
hich ur s th north n ces on ad .
I
Cer a nly,
.
e
s en 1 t 1 n t ton o e h ente 1 or
nd
r •
e as d ppo nted n Span h To
•
1 hou h 1t s
ell oc t ed an h d an bundanc o op cal s rubb , th
1 c ed ch ectu a uty the r ch nd th poor,
contras n ho din clo ro ty, and
h e
s no indication of r cent b ld ng. e rote
276
description of the government square, gav attention to
loco.l history. He sought informa ion from the sentinels on
guard ho , dressed in their red uniforms, ere "as black
as night ever rowned upon." Such as their "lingo," ho ever,
that he could scare ly understand a ord they s a id. H did
lea n ,
th amazement , that t er er some six hundred
oldiers stationed in he place . ~y, he did not lmo , for
t e poor p
1 had scare ly spirit enough to live. H
isite the Ca olic c hedral , the esl y n cha 1, he r -
t stor of the beginning of, thodism.
Catching the tr 1n b ck to 1 g on, h hir d ah c
and o out th str t, coll c ing 1 m o 1 tr s
r t o com 1 te. Bae on h or h oo
a o h
hich h
do to r lit on 11 nd
a d rticularly on th con n hich d ollo ed th
ng r on t o o th la s . An th
o o h 1 Church ho 1 o nrout to
1
1 C 11 o 1 , w 11 n o th
s
on d it, nd h, too, 0 don hi
o er
on cone rni g th blac
•
Laz , shiftl ,
1 ,
nd
h
on ct h
,
t n ill no or inc anu-
r d t
o e b omen. Th de
0
Ula ion h s unk, 1 ,
'One , ' said a gentlv-,-..
• Ev n co ling t st am r 1
o degra ion o hich h n
e ar told, indescr bl
• • •
tom, 'ou did no s e an un id
277
negro in the streets . Now, look at them 1' tt
56
Simpson likewise recorded that "so much indolence ,
57
degradation, filth , and vice are seldom seen . "
0
Usually, '
he wrote , 'the conclusion forces itself upon the mind, that
the slaves in our country are far super or to the free
colored people of Jamaica . " He was not ready , ho ever, to
accept such a conclusion uncritically, so he made some 1 -
qu ries. He learned that "coal ng' the ship by o en as
not a result of reedom, that it sap ctice of the
s1 ery days and th tit as still the pract ce n so e
sl nds he e sl ery cont nued toe st. ior could the
...
reva ence of ce be att buted to emanc pat on . a
the re ult of her former ckedness.'
ca
a
searc _ e
heh s or books and c te evidence to sbo the
e
enc o 1 cent ousness end concubin amon th 1 n
cla ses and he lo sta e of o als on the bl cs in the
a s be ore emanc pat ion . e shoe the s ran ng in u nc
o rel
on pon t e a ori yo the blac , the ro in
s re th o
he Bapt sts and t e sleyan • d scu ed
ec s o t
heir o
\,he d press on and sho d i s benef
b ac s, a re t number o
0 ere
1
( e
le fa s, he de lt t he oc alp o lems and o nted
5
11 am In r
: Thomas ·
m Kip, The jarly Days of
ttaker, 1892, p. 20.
57
Simp on , o. ct.
278
ith som e v hat sanguine hope to the tendency of the blacks to
re ard themselves as supe r or to the mulattoes, and to the
consequent pride of c aste which was arising and expressing
t self through acquisition of property, business enterprise,
and education of children. The appearances, to the stranger,
ere unfavorable but not iths t ndin all of the he t h ou ht
1
ful l invest · g t ion vi l l lead any r eflectin I mind to approve
o t e emancipat on of t he neg roes in Jamaic a ."
Th stor o t he c os n of the I st us of Pan m
is an e c t ng one, emb 111 e
1th humo ous anecdotes nd
i d descript on, but the mos t ntense moment of the trip
C e ne San i e o. T e ste
mer, on t e
to Sn
ncisco,
s ddenl
t ouched
otto an
s rounded
n the out e
harbor
a
C
I
a
e o .
adverse
nd and
an out
oin ti m e the
•
ion a i
cult.
as ho s t d an
anothe
ves el
e
0 e a , ut
to
i lod
n.
s t he
co p
a ed 0 t e h
se , t e
other
sh p
e for s
or ,
ro
nde
ste
me r b ca e
c ed .
1
a n
t
a
c co som
1 ht , " h e
d
a
clou s
er ely
abo t .
cov rd
he h or i zon.
t en t . e
on us .
n y
,
00
cloud p
I co
rk
t e:--
a e s d hed
• f or ome
and a pe c
t n of
t e sh
er
n
h t d t
b a
and t s ua
on o
r cal . " s
pson ,
, told o
hes o
e nd nt h o l in
ed fea full
hope• ·ust
s hone out
b ut ful 1 nes
•
Once on the ragin seas I rode,
The night as dark , the storm was loud ,
The ocean yawn ' d , and rudely blo 'd
The wind that drove my foundering bark .
279
And thou · h that star had shone for a es , yet it seemed
to speak of Him who is the hope of the digressed , and it
arose upon me like the star of Bethlehem.
From the time of h s landin in San ranc sco until the
open n of the con erence some three weeks later S mpson
preached almost daily and on undays to or three times . He
trr.velled , chiefl by sts e, somet mes b horse or ule ,
to he to ms o th mot er lode , all of th m still fev rish
t 1 h e old rush .
vis ted the dig .n sand hiked about
e hill; e ran into some o his old cquaint nces , o~ of
· om as a t end n b r n a rog ery,
nother makin
1000
.ont as
oc or, ot ers
old .
'II e
d s
ce from
o e
ppo n
n to anot
r , hich he
1 ays co
er d
non
a
0 en th rt or ort m les,
and once
seventy.
e
te
ed
sno , ra n
mud ,
n
in climbin
o el e
e fell and tor
uckl s 'and or
0
t ous
s 1 fro his
59
s .
s1 ss n C iiorni ,
o Co f renc •
0
58
e
4, P • 42, C t n
of C 1
pson as scheduled to conduct t he
, st mers from Ca forn
to
dvocate and rnal , .arch 16,
ristian te, n . d .
59
Crooks , o . ct., c tin S pson to rs . ~llen
son, bruary 14, 1854 .
280
O regon were very uncertain , and he as unable to secure
passage which would get him to the conference in time for
the opening, perhaps he would not reach it at all. To have
com e so far and yet, because of the irregul rity of steamers,
to fail in his purpose he found "a great trial." At length
he as able to arr nge passage on a steamer which as
scheduled to arrive in Portland on the day before the confer
ence convened some hundred miles south of that city. He
ould be late, but by hard tr vellin he hoped to be present
for the Sunday morn n services. He encountered other dif-
f cul t i es, ho ever: hi s ip s 1 te in reach n ortl nd,
he r ver steamer down the illamette had to 1 ie ver for
he moon to rise, nd then it as cau t for several hours
on a sand bar. Out of alem he C U t a light agon to
C or all s , for ch he paid fo ty dollar. In a hort
d s
C the tr ces broke, t e a on bed spre d, and let
one end of the seat. fr end ho as 1th him sat
0 t e ba
e and i pson sat on the seat., 'one end of it
ele a ed , t he other on the floor. lon h
became l os t an 1 t
s nece sary to hie a f
ay the dr ver
er to cont nu
t e our ney . It as then ten o'clock Satu day n
B shop l ay do
n the b ck of the agon on so
t. The
oats and
hus r ode t hrou h sloughs and mud" unt 1 t o in th morning ,
en he r each d Co vallis. The con erence as still some
ft een or tent miles beyond, but the ethodist brother
281
who was to have accompanied him, despairing of his coming,
had turned out the horses and gone on. Simpson slept until
sunrise, and then busi d himsel securing a horse. A littl
after e ght o'clock he as in th s ddle, riding re. idly in
the company of t o "pioneers" for Belknap ettlement, the
upposed siat of the conference. Having re ched the settle
ent, he dismissed his guides and ought the ee ing place.
It as yet fiv miles di tant1 He rode on, carrying h
s c el , and a length came n sight of a log chool-hou
1th orses and a ons tied
ound it. SO
In them ntim, m b rs of the conferenc re
anxiously iting hi rival. On dn ay th re ch r
had s rted co ing i , ro g t Sound to t C 11 orni
bor er . 'Th 1r r Ji n t in th Or n Con er c in
o e a ,
on of ho in t en anc 0 nhrr 1-
ni cane s a hal c ntury la er.
• • •
s eration nd r toil th C Ohr 1th gr t
d ervor a t r
e Bi h o • Has he
C
gr et
he 1 q r 1 concer -
1
r rom, o , h h
er an h b • • • 1 t Po bl h h b en lost
-----
e ••• 61
The con erence o n don Thur orni
I
no or had bee r cei d fro th b hop.
• • •
th
60
Cook, o. cit., p. 320-21.
61
Robert oulton G ke, ditor, 'Kettur h Bellm '
C
1
ron1cle of the B llfountain Set l m nt, The Ore on
8
Orie 1 Quarter lz 38: 265-299, Se tern ber,
r
ut
,
282
hearts, u rs. Belknap wrote, 'the Bre thren Elect the ev.
T H Pearne who is a Presidin lder to act as Presiding
oficer until the Bishop shall arrive if he comes at all
• • •
or had he come by Sunday morning. Suppose he should come
dur ng the sermon6? Would any recognize hlm'? "The subject,"
N rs. B elknap said, "had been talked over in the morning •••
(No) no one had ever sene him
• • •
0
62
e reli ous exercise proceeded and Pe e, ho as
reac' n the e on, ad ached his 'p rorat on," hen a
an
I
ea n a 1 nen duster and bearing r psack' ente ed
63
e bu 1 ing and se ted h mself just ns de the door. . rs.
el nap continue then rrative:
earne ceaces to ch A id bet less s lence, ters
t es o ds ••• =--] 1 th s r nger ho Just c e in
s B shop impson e 111 ea e advance to the front
.•• ( ·cJ test n er ••• b dl be p ttered 1th
d •• , [s c] Adv need to the font, a d shots d
allelu· s from 11 sides. I as thei and surel the
s s beyond d scrip on, fin 1 oder so e
or 11 ould onor t e ishop and it on his ords
e delve ed an ort tion, tellin of
to e t t
earl er, nd of his e er enc in
r eked at se •
s eel n s t t e time o t h
orts
ne rl
ate t
er 1, he s a d, e e like those expre sed n th hymn of
2
• , pp . 292-3.
--
"
63Thomas all earne, S xty-one Years o Itiner nt
fe (Cincinn ti: Cut Jennins, 1898), . 156-7.
--
4
atke, o. cit., p. 293.
283
H enry irk White:
once on the ragin Seas I rode
65
The storm was loud, the ni ht was dark •••
T he company again broke out into shouts and hallelujahs. As
.-
soon as order could be restored he "g ve out th t he ould
reach at two oclock or as near th t time as the people
could get to g ther • • • " Driven to the Belknap home, he
l ay do n and slept until dinner as ready.
Of the ser on hich the b shop pre ched tat fte -
noon one enthus astic riter many years aft rd s d,
o all describe t e ind scribble or speak the unu te
able. I ager s celes ial, is patho div ne,
ore tan B hop S pons o 0 o ipotent . It
s od's d Chri
66
u he ccount a mo articul
some:
I t 1
co e
Pu po
t
d 1
his ond a o
ople •• t e ubject
•• and he told t e
ls and o fo
one b isn
e ork of n s an
te r a c
t yed a d
have been mor
sons ore
s
d
b
u
•
,
lkn p oo en o ed t,
er pr se less ul-
for he reacher th
son e onene of
t
t r one p os
o e t n , n h
ou ves, to 0
o ls ( n
0 t
. ods, once
one,
one, Thrice
pes
es
beten
sh p
65
10c. ct .
66
Crooks, o. ct., p. 298.
284
wreck ·anight and a day have I been in the deep, then he
sumed it all up in Journyings
Oft, in Perils by water and by obers. and by his own
country men, And (worst of' All, Pearls A moung false
Brethern, , well Paul do you get payed for all this,
and he puts out his hands and says these Hands Minister
to my wants and they that are with me) then Satan come
a long, and he says you had better quit Preach ng nd
take care of your self (then the Bishop Straitened him
self up to his full higth and Dre his coat tight A
round Him and spoke very firm Paul says none of these
th ngs ( ove me ether Count I my life Dear unto me So
I but · n Souls to Christ) is hole am and Purpose
had been to win souls well no hat do you e pect , I
have fou t A good fight, I h ve kept the ith Hence
forth their is A cro 1 id up or me, (And hen the
ishop came to ortray eaven and all its Beauties he
ust Sea ~d [ o red] A ay up and took he Con regation
it him
Gro eputat tor. shop s p on
d made a rea impre 0 on the cif C Co st . He h d
al ed 1th th tread of a
-1
nt,
n
f o ia co re-
s on e t s d, t n of hi confe ence se 0
• • • •
h d scou h OU out a pe e
e
C s net fied gen us alo e C
un·v
rs 1 sent e t 0 the he r r
se
on
- he very ea t n t
1
e e
68
n
•
t
could not
b
67
t e or
the last 1 ne
anans, r n of
other se.
n
1
1
de
• cit, p 2 4.
1
he use of the
s n obv ous error
ed
n
ha
to
h s
0
b hat ecul r
kindle. It
1 the
C the
ucces ,
edness and
nsc
t
n
o, f
h d e e
h s e o-
punctu
tor · o
on.
68
S mpson, o • cit., Ser pbook, cl p n d ted, in
e c 1 ., e b ruary 2 , 1 •
285
quence" would "not soon pass from the memory of the dwellers
1 d
u69
in Hoosier an •
The bishop returned from the jest to find h s services
as a preacher in reater demand than ever before . ere he
had been regarded as an effective and popular preacher, he
no became known as an orator of po er, and extravagant
accounts of his eloquence began to appear n the press.
11
the o enin address by B shop Simpson, e canno speak
too
I
, rote an s aper re o ter o the exercises at
t e ded cation of Coopersto , e York, Semin ry. Th
epo ter only re ret ed th the d d not have a cop for
pu 1 ct on, it see ed unfortun te to th t 'so
p od c on should be lost to all bu t ose ho e e
r ile ed o 1
e ce ran o t 1· e
a e
'
•• on o
• • •
e ev r 1
0
• •
• e er
70
re old.
0 h
tened 0 • • •
1 n
,71
ston, Ill o , to h
t n o le
• • • •
s ole an no
6
ord ad very
o he hou
d nstr
P e
a C
sse
r o n f
0
te ly
h s
C
o r
e
• Te enc 1 date
--
e scrapbook for th s
s October 4, 1854, ut na o pe sons t
dent the ses as ted, n the text
er 17.
71
Ib d., s n d Coopersto , ro ember 22, 1854.
medium o
an idea ••• " The same r ter felt that "when
fully fired he is unsurpassed in the majesty, weight, and
richness of his truth. You feel that it is t e pur metal
unalloyed, unadulter ted, and perfectly solid."'7
2
In ap
pearance , too, the bishop had be com mor imposing. With
gain in eight he had lost som thing of the angular , the
286
loose and huffling features o bi arlier ear • Although
h had no yet be com h ndsome, and r h n r
ill ye h had "become h t m y b d no in ed a 1 e
lo king n .
73
Hi h ad had b co e silv r d o' r and h
o es e
11
a ce
sin 1 ly
7
h ich kin d
ntl air
in 0 t all glo ,
r siv t
He t d for h 1 n o th con r ton o
h e hod t 1 in h gt on, D • C • , n h co l
0 C t t
e ion o
s
1
oint d ti
1
l
or
0
or Ci
n
•
h
hi
• • •
o r , r
0 0
7
bl.
nc or
0 r enc
SU -
, cl r
-
on-
lmo t
ns b
{ o) o ors c
I
0 on , ( r) t
2
,
1 , 18 •
7
itt n by J. V. at on or
---
e , 1855.
----
74
Ibi ., Unid ntifie sourc.
75
Ibid., H. Slicer to Si
on Au st 8, 11, 1854.
287
Lord has given you much favor in the si ht of the people
here .
• •
ttTo stand with you on a platform will be to
place myself a mole hill under the shadow of ont Blanc ,"
said lfred Cookman, who as scheduled to speak on the same
pro ram.
"This is not adul tory but honest and sincere •
arl er that year S .. pson had ritten to h s wife a "list
0
applicat ons" for h m to speak during a three or four
da ecess bet e n conferences:
1 . e ark • J . to ai
o ne" t ee •
eet n on Thursd y
• •
2. ode c te the ne
n public
rin ty c • n e or on abbath
0
eek.
• o re c sa e a at
• o la he corner tone o
Brookl on ond eek.
5. o spends bb th eek n
• To spend t n Boston .
7. e t ynn
e c tea chu c
9 . o reach at e (
o ext ek .
el e e , s d o s
n
rs.
,
n I e h ve o the h
e one e cs .
79
e 1 d
h .
ne f ne churc 1
or, a ne •
non onday
1 ns hom e) on
n
eek
da
e nea 1 all h
or our da s I h v
r e,
11 be poss bl 0
er al he ppl c
ou toe t heb e
on for s rv ce
o i leness--
ch ou 1
7
Ibid. eo . tt to ece be 10 , 1856.
77
rb d ., • Cookman to S pson, c ober 1, 1856 .
8 6.
78
bid . , Si pson to _ rs. •llen
unctu t·on and spell ng s n
1 pson , une 1 ,
ori nal .
7
Loe. c t .
77
288
recei ve would occupy every hour of your time.
080
In the
dnters he was busily en aged, too, in lecture tours--out
into hio and Indiana, east to New York City. There ere
calls for the old lecture on the reternatural, and he had
ritten a new ore on "The Influence of the Bible on Lan age."
From the pulpit and platform he poured forth a volume
0
eloquent optimism for the future of rel ion, of the
church, nd the christian. His the es were those he used
n is dramat c discourses or over a ener t on: the "po er
o the inv s ble' in propa tin and extendin he christ an
fa th, th glory and tr umph o 'the resurrection," the
'v ctory of fa th" over the po e s of doubt and fear, d
chr st an o eness. ro the lecture platform nd on oc-
c sions o d d catio o ne chu c es, ssions, or schools,
e a the evan el o le rn n, the dvoc t of scholarsh p.
C 11 d upon to ded c tease n r, raised th
· nf uen
of educ lo upon nd v duals nd the co:rmun ty,
d de g ted the udienc th his
1
be utiful compar sons
d a alo
81
et slumber d, h bel eved, e
•
er un-
e ched truths
of a sc en f C d cono C 1 n ture, hich
on
a ai ed t e evok n po e of e oand 11
...
C
•
T is
.,. ans
on as cond toned upon the mo e ener 1 nd equ 1
P. on, Octobe 1 , 185 •
81
Ibid., Sc boo, Coop rsto Se n ry Add ess, 1854 .
289
enlightenment of the nations." Then
like the galvanic battery, when the number of plates is
ncreased, the quantity of electricity remainin the
same, the intensity is heightened. So, also, the more
general contact of cultivated minds, will increase the
ntensity and power of intellect, and thus, grander and
more comprehensive truths 111
8
~e brought to light w th
a rapidity beyond conception."
Christianity had greatly encouraged the pread of enli ten
ment, and when mind had explored the mysteries of science
and n 'its lon ing, cried, is there ' nothin more,' 'noth ng
be ond?' Christianity ans ered es 1 another orld 1 es
be ond !
• • •
I ortality overs eeps t me and the gr ve, and
t e soul, 1th its acquisitions he e, enters u on a st e of
1 ted exp ns on
83
• • •
The founding o a theolo ical school at vanston,
lino s, met impson's hearty ap roval . Colleges nd uni
est es had ever constituted 'the ark o the sciences,
a t e hi d n - place o the hi est po e of th h n
·nd .
'
.,.
..I. nor n he ant thy ch mer can ethodist had
al a
e onstra ed for theolo ic 1 tr nin or pre chers,
r ed th t then bbl c 1 n s t tute as only
r co
t i on of the friendliness that the ethod st Chu ch
-elt or educat on. A though she had never erec ed any
82
Loe. cit.
8 3
OC • C t •
bodied in a famous
ctory of Faith.
The idea her e pres ed as
alle ory of faith in hiss
e -
e
standards of "mere literary attainments as a test of ad
mission into her ministry, n she "had always carefully ex-
acted study of her m nisters
• • •
n
And now the "great
290
social changes • • • passing over the country" ere beginning
84
to require a better educated ministry."
Asked to dedicate a "bethel ship" for sailors in Ne
ork City, he chose as his text a passage from aniel,
n :any sh 1 run to and fro , nd kno ledge shall be increased."
85
The dest ny of n upon ea th, he decl red ••• is to
earn all that can be learned of nature •••. to understand
the las of matter • to co pre end the onders of distant
lands. o ord n ry sermon as this, no co onplac e -
post o o ab blic 1 te t , b ta lee re on the 1 or anc
of t avel,
ct V t S
scov r, and lea nin, and the acco d of these
th th 11 of ov nee.' n, an ntellectual
e n , us e e c se 1 intellec
•
oth in nc n and in
odern t e navig t on h d be n d as the ch ef ns of
xtend n
th s o led
•
ence-- nd e ud ly n the
e d
of h s
scou s the on of h s sis 0
h
occa
on-- t as of fir t mo ta ce o m re ant d to
ot
rs to
have
11
ober, pious seamen . Over t ent 11 on
ollars of
er c propert had been lost at s in the
84
rb d., ddress at Garrett Bbl c 1 Int tute, 1855,
Probably as reported n the rorth astern Christ dvocate.
85
aniel, 12 : 4 .
291
previous year of 1856 ; "h ow much of that might have been
saved if the officers and sailors of the vessels had been
G od-fearing men 1
11
It was important, therefore, to Christians
86
to support bethel ships.
The dedication of the bethel ship, made the day before
impson sailed for urope, mi t be said to mark the end of
his fi rst period as preachin bishop to the American ethod
sts . Although he carried his triumphs into the ritish
Isles
d urope, t as more han to ears before he again
cla ed the honors of the Amer c n pulpit . In these f ve
ears he had struck out a ne pattern for bishop . All of
s pre ecessors n that offic had lded to he rout e
o conference bus ness; not one mon their n ber a
emem ered for s eloquence, alt ou an e rao dinary
se on ha bee the c use of illiam ' Kendree 's elect on
n 1816
87
obert
•
obe sh d been lmo the est
or
s o er int e pulpit .
88
one of his colle es o
red cessors had tu ed to the lee u e pl tfo to c r
s a
0 nl htenment to the peo le, none had flt it
h s responsib 11 t to teach as ell a to re ch. B is
86
e or venin
87
bel Stevens,
n the nited St
71, I , 446 . ---
88Ib d., IV , 89 .
ost, y 13 , 1857 .
al
292
pul pit and platform efforts Simps on had placed himself at
the head of a church which was moving r apidly away from its
frontier traditions .
Trip to England and Europe . The ~ ethodist Episcopal
Church and its counterpart in ngland , the resleyan Church,
had , s nee the de.ys of Bishop Asbury, maint ined "fraternal"
relationships by the send n of dele ates to each other's
confe ences . These delegates not only bro ht official ·
eet n s from their on or an zations , but they travelled
extens vely, preach n as they ent , and occasionally t ey
rote up their impressions into a book . The esleyans ,
after he British emancipation o slaves i n the es n ies,
ad be un o press upon their A er ca b ethr n the right ous ss o the antislavery cause . The mer cans, d sposed to be
both fi and d pl oma ic, pro ested a lack of understa din
o t e p
0 he esle ans . h persistance of the n lish
c sm, to th r ith internal crisis in the thod-
o h
copal Ch rch led, in 1844, to a f lure on hep rt
me ·cans to elect deleg es to the ~ n 1 sh Confe nee .
her 1 tons p rema ned broken unt 1, tel e ea s 1 tr,
t e esleyans sent a deleg tion to the orthe n etho s
•
G ener 1 Co fr nc s ond db el c ng sho i ps o
d r . ohn .cCl ntock , due tor anded o, tor p es nt
e church a the .esl an Conference in 1857 .
89
For Simpson
89
ames Buckley,
_tates ( ·e York: Harper- &
the U ni ed
6, 464 .
293
:tt was a dream come true. Since the day when some of his
Indiana friends would have sent him to England and :Europe
to purchase books for the library he had anted to make the
trip, and to extend his travels to Palestine, the 'Holy
Land.' I n May, 1857, 1th his son, Charl , as companion,
he s iled rom e
ork harbor . Dr. LCClintock ad the
Rev. illiam H. il urn , blind pr c r fro th American
'est , wer t o join him at Liverpool .
T e members o t e er can arty
1 certain
e si nes in a earing b ore th esleyans. Ther
ir t of all , the d fferenc o er s 1 v ry hich h d r -
sult e , for mor
r la i ons .
v i on o
or h
h n ec , in
th di fie lt
r tur of fr ater 1
r solv d by h
s 11
al
... on a.
Churc
onl in de
90
t O 1
ta n d bord con
ol in ,
nd
1 C urch. Th
h h h
n al Co
0
on
r c h
n
1 on sl
Y• Cr t c
ch, both 1 t
th C n
Bri i h
ock e e pro 1
d o
1
1 hey r t a, in
, not n r ci 1, 0
r rs, n
or r
n h
nt
ur h, '"' o
0
•
' osit on to our Delegat in Engl n, e Yor
nal , st 20, 1857, citing
----
, n . d .
294
A nother source of friction between the two bod es arose
fro n the fact that the Americans bad established missions
i n G ermany, orway, and other uropean o nts which were
m uch more accessible to the 'esl yans; in fact, they had
already begun to work in those countries. Ho ever, the
chie f source of uneasiness hich the vis t n party felt
as t h t of provincials travellin abroad for the firs
t . e. The
1 sh ere diff rent, the Wesleyan more "formal"
n t e order and ethod o t eir orsh
•
"ld time thod-
s o the er can meant as mple service in an unpre-
tentious chapel on the ront er, it m nt si ng th songs
of Ch rle s esle thout bene t of musical nstrument,
it . ant a s rrin se on b an en r e ic b C oods reacher,
o, dresse 1 k th sel s, s non t el ss, prop t of
od co e 0 rn them of rah v rlastin 0 o hold out
o s e of life e e l· or t ean a u t 1 e
0 ga h red in from m les a out, or a ca
t n t e oods, and h p nd shout and si
he p opl
•
To he sl ns old t ho s
e nt
the
m , h s e doc r ne , sam p ac
of
"t t
'
bu it h d come to man also h sound of th ,
0
an ,
the voice o the c oir, the readin of the itany,
and th
cleric 1 bl c of th pr acher.
91
o t he ar
l, esle
stian dvocat
O n t on-- shop S pson," e York
nd Journal, Sepe ber 10 , 1857.
in
in
295
ericans believed that the resleyans would be critical of
them, that they would be es ec ally alert to note any failure
of the American church to adhere to Tesleyan doctrines and
. 92
concepts of church order.
ilburn , ho had an unusual love of the anecdote and
(to the historian) an almost re rettable ability to touch
t up ith dramatic detail, recorded th first impression
hich the B itish had o the vis ting delegation. He and
,cCl ntock , av n re ched L e ool before Bis op Si~pson,
sought out the esleyan chapel. Dr . c 1 ntock as dressed
she h d been on ship. After these v ces thy aited in
eve~ ry-room to met the pre cher, 'a tall, di fie
per on, ho s, fter them nner o th t m, t
a.
s
la a of ne .
• •
c lintock a pro ch d h m, sa ng,
ve nd, r , I be i eve • '
----
c-
ed h na e, d h n asked
I
1th so sp 0
'
a e you bus ness th e . If so, pr t te t ,
0
ce.' e exch n e continued th so ne from
st
toe and both 't ness and 'contem t' ro he
1
shman
unt 1th 1 r udd nl r 1 zed that t e
an e
before him s a del g t fro t e e can
Church . ·e
stood ith
he 1 - pt lass in his h nd, and am n 1 de -
P s · on of inc duli y and am z m nt oversp esd h s
features , asher pidly r n his ey over the doctor
rom head to foot, surve n the slouch ht n his
Crooks , o. ct., pp . 332- •
od-
296
hand, his blue body-coat, his brown waistcoat showing
the shirt-front, the brown trousers ••• the black
neck-tie • • • n
t 1en t h he spoke. "You, Dr. icClintock'? I never should
have believed 1 t." H~ ing recovered from his as ton shment,
he invited the merican to preach for h m, offering, if it
ere necessary, to lend him a hite cravat to go with the
93
clerical suit wh ch he must certainly have in his baggaget
Th esleyan Conf rence sat th doors closed to all
b ni er until tbe hour appointed or receiv ng the
e can dele a ion. Then the peo le ere dm tted and "an
al ost suffocat n crowd throned ev ry part of the build ng.
pson as the firs called upon o speak . ilburn t OU ht
t a
1
r ng oment or
be consciou that
o i lity o
r
re tor tor.' He could not but
as •ab r er o his succ ss, or
nd his h r rs nctur d by a
d s rust and d rvalu t o of er c
e church s, h
• • •
al ady pre c ed n so e o
ed th Ir s
efl at t
ntock .
rec p io
on
e ulous, e en ev r
an Conf enc , d h had po n
n in honor of hi an
•
'it
ed to lburn, ho s
, " t t t bishop alt red as
•
or ten or ft n nutes he k pt hi ello can
n pa nful s sp ns · t n c e a h pp 111 s t o or t o,
bid., pp. 333-4, ctn narrat v of
ilburn . Te narr tive s probably ritten
ah .
ev. lliam
fter Simpson's
297
his face "light.Bi up, his eye flashed • • • and there was a
m urmur of ' Hear , hear 1' from all over the house ." The pro
verbial English reserve, the" ell-nigh paralyzing ' chill
melted and the tha became a flood as the audience yielded
94
to his po er. The president of the Conference had w rn d
the members to refra n from clapping and stamping, but several
t mes during the speech he found t necessary to call for
order.
r.hen the bishop sat down "the tumult of d 1 tf 1
el·ng could not longer be epressed ·
11
the rounds of ap-
plause 1th bot ands and feet entirely o rthre "con er-
ent al di nity" and 'eccles astic 1 gr
The speech, ho ve, as no
ne er fu 1 ucceeded nth a umen
ty and decorum . •
95
r at r umph . son
ive o d n
o e . It e.s only h 1 ar th es, her had not
o ar u , but to pres , h h s ton found he loq enc
nece
0
s
t of def nd n
ng d his fac
r can et odis •
and a e
e peo 1 b 1 ve n ha the
1th prope p opo ton, h
esley nd his
s , e n·ec ed a touch of a ho a
spo e bly,
or or's k n s
11 cc
e for
e ic
b t of
h
hod
or, b t
4
Ib d, pp . 335-6.
511
rom Our Occas
--~ t~e and Jour al, u
al Corres ondent ,° Christin
st 20, 1857 .
298
his theme was not one which perm tted, as was his habit , the
i dentification of speaker and audience in an epic chant of
ideals and achievements .
He began ith a reference to the common antecedents of
the churches, the indebtedness of American ethodism to the
British, the close rel tionship hich had e ist d since the
early da s.
e referred, little a kwardly, to the break
fraternal relations and the resumption throu h th enerous
at ve of the sleyans, he d grassed o defend th
pos t 0 of hi churc on slaver --a uin that from th
da s of John esley it h db en anti-sl very n spir t and
isc lin , and th t b ct n courag ousl to pre ent h
e n on o the 1 e po e it ad lot nearl a half
m 1110 m mb r , more, n act, han had v r belon ed to
t e etho st bo y n Gr at B in. turned ro is
0 , t en , to t lk bou h s e er nc in 1 nd,
.
th had to ort d ie ed 0
C 0 p e
'te
0 esle
'
hou h d s ood, t e e 1 s ich
aken h as e t ed 0 C p 1 t L eds d
a
lni fro ch esl y plead or volunteer to
e
C
1th h OS 1 of ethod sm expl n d, th a
re
eal o t ct, t e p eno e al 0 t n C n
·e
od-
,
s con r
ed h he esley ns by h f ct h ther
8.
es b nd n
trad t on n e ca· en on the frontier ,
· d not feel
'th tramm ls o the p st,
1
nd e e, therefor
muc
299
easier to led into the church than were the tradition-
bound men nd on1en of th British Isl s . Further, a grea
many persons conv rted in England had move to Am r ca nd
oined the ethodist Church ther ; it should grow more
a 1 ly than the nt body.
The
eric mi a o ry activity in Euro e he could
best e 1 in by n illu tr tion. G doctor o~ hilo-
so
to eric , lo d t a et o it f ly
e d on 0 C
I
lor o sl c n r d, d
o go b ck to hi o n count "Y
ho th y or 1 h ? Th
•
He a b n a 1 ken-
11 d to ch . e
r each o hi on
nted
0 1 •
0 rom or
s er s , n o t d n 0
ir
•
0 en
a
0
1 X
1
C
,
o .., to
1 nc
•
no na
0 1 b c
n
The h
b 1 V
1 h
0 i
t r
0
•
a no Go
r nt
0 0 1 h
in t t churc
1
h an
1
it
d
1 a on con
h
h ir
,
b
8 o 1
d ru t
ce in
h
n
ort?
n
1 h n hou
t r r r rence o lavery probl an
i 1 of o 0 th e t r
, h
1 0
e , or his conclu on, to a ion
1 it • 0 1 pur o h cho h o o d 1
h ch he often employed to the del ght of his audiences .
seated on the platform ere Dr . Hannah , ti ce a dele ate
300
from the esleyans to the Amer c
pas t pres dent of the Conference ,
church , ev . obert Youn ,
d ev . Franc s A. .est ,
the pres d ng officer . e hope , said Simpson , th t these
fraternal relations may cont nue , and that ou
send a dele at on to our Conference .
n
o r
crou send us r . ann • • • e ill receive h m
hou ha .. ~-~- man,
or s __ n an,
1 dly, or th reat tr ller (
{all in to .ev . Robert un , J
' s
e
res dent , or any o r ro
m he nd ho hi a
cou tes OU o n
her , e rece
le ts met in of
o us .
9
lbu , r em n ea dress lon ears ft r,
one of the ost ' po e f 1' n the co se o t e
'lon n 1 ant 1 c 1 f ·' he do d at
or 0
' s
"m
nds 0 h s
vellous str n
llo - en e e e
e ce ton on oth r occas o,
d ne ic s y
mo s ly
er b fo e no h r 1 h d ce . s he sop took
s
tor es u on h a o ,
0
e floe he 1 , nd e
e ent , ad it a m nu es
0
a 1 se ce
d . Th
d Jou
1 sh co es end
1 1 k se s
9 '
n lis e ley n Confer c , ' e
o rnal , September 10 , 1857 .
r
consi er ble len •
97
~roes , ~ - ct., p . 336 .
e n s s
he h s
0
s d h
an
re
301
the response of the audience, but the real orator of the
occasion, he felt, was neither Simpson nor the other official
d elegate, M cClintock, but M ilburn. The blind preacher gave
e.n address "which has seldom been surpassed, and will never
be forgotten ." The correspondent particularly admired "the
perfect ease and total absence of apparent effort with hich
it a delivered, as well as the beauty and sublimity of
langua e
sentiment, and the mirthful good humor hich
s layed .tr
98
l burn , in act, b the combination of his
elo uence the s pathy evoked by his blindness h d t en
· e honors from his American collea es on several earlier
occa ion •
99
The day of Simpson's trium h in En land had
o ye co •
son d cClintoc d p ted to a
om nglsnd
to oversee t e
o st iss on Confe enc , and to ttend , as dale ates,
a con ent · on of the van
ical lliance . Spon or d chi ly
so ~u ope, 1 nded al ob represe tativ
and t n ed a es . h m orit o th
a es
rm prote t nts an t d 1 bra ions er
ur Occas onal Correspo n ," o k
and Journal , u st 20 , 1 57.
99
.. e or
une 25 , 185? .
___ t_i_an_ dvocate and Jou nal,
302
carried on primarily in the German lan ua e. On the agenda
ere papers to be read, addresses to be given , discussions
100
to be conducted . • F. arren, young .ethodist preacher
n ~ermany, and correspondent for the Christian Advocate ,
was not very hopeful of the achievements of the con erence.
110
n other topics, he s d , the dele ates were to discuss
e quest on of religious 1 berty . owever, they ould be
nv t ed to
fro pol
firm the princ ple on "re ous, as dist net
c 1 roun s ." The uss an overn ent ould
ad t o no free discussion .
101
Cha ac r st c lly enou h,
oun ar en, 1 e most of the ch ch r po ters o h s da ,
a er th as e bl h d one co ened, or o he b sin of
he co erence · h as 1 ost enti 1 concerned h th
e ec C hodist s a r ad upon h er ng .
The e ic
. on a es
in ste to n a t
t, fo e n t d t es
me as t he
ssma, nd
o e rece tly, ov a th ul ethodi t,
n 0 S
or o Indi a .
end or a
r •
is o for
e
r had not cool d inc th t e near y to decad s
ar r ,
d t o S pso from as n on s n
he
d org n zed a cl ss et ng on fel o con rs -
100 ,L
_ _ ..;;;_;;;_ t .=. e and
101,.
--
a al,
--___,;;;;;.
er rom r. cClintock,'
ournal, October 8, 1857 .
er from e any," e ork
2 , 1857 .
e ork an
e
men of the
ethodist faith.
102
At the
303
vangelical Confer ence
he was not a mere looker-on, but an ener etic promoter of the
cause and a frequent speaker at the Alliance meetings. He
had already won a certain renown a ong the diplomatic corps
by his dramatic refusal to serve wine at an mportant dinner
en agement . Ten years 1 ter his political opponents ould
attempt to remove him rom office on the cha ge that he was
'serv n his Church
103
not his country." At the Evangelic 1
Conferetice the audience as ttfairly taken by surprise' wh n
e, announced as a speaker, delivered a br ef address " th
a force and earnestness o voice and armer . "
104
There
c be 1 ttle doubt tha the bishop o ed h sown pro nent
lace on the Alliance p,.,o ram to the
J. e e can .. nist r .
luence of s fr end ,
Te conference as opened
cou t
c er, Dr . r
h of h , or t
acher ,
son a
th an ddres by the
ch arr n felt 'hardl
arbled lectu e hich he
ad el
red b fore
105
but cCl ntock thou tit ' exc ed n
·ell- co ce ved;' es ec 11 n s re erenc o ethod sm
s h a
1 fl trough the h ven, summon n th d
102
s m son, o • ct., oseph A. r ht to i mpson ,
ce r 2 , 1843 .
103
b d., January 15, 1866 .
104
• etter from ev . r . Clintock,' e York
£.hrist an dvoc te a d Journal , October 8 , 1857 .
105
"Evangelical lliance,' e ork Christ an Advocate
~ ournal , O ctober 15, 1857 .
churches to a ne Christian life. nlOS
304
right made the first
respons e to the welcome and was followed immediately by
impson . The bishop, in-a . typical manner, began with praise
for the welcome and a felicitous compliment for Dr . Krummacher .
hile he sat listening to the speaker's manly voice that
morning , he said, "it seemed easy to fancy that Luther had
aga n peared to rally the Christ ans of his native land.'
f e cor ctly understood the object of the con erence, it
0
fered a
11
sublime spectacle o the orld
11
, that of Christ ans
e n one n C rist Jesus . e it as not a un on of creeds,
nor of or anization, but r ather of ' eart and Christ an
act vity . " It as like the 11 ttle s rea s, sing runo
e lls--so flo 1 g fast , some slo 1/e · ' ey lght,
need , ly quench the th rst oft e pas ing trav ller,
b only b un on could the be r the tr asu es of commerce,
an o br ng he e ds of t e e th o eth r. O th un on
be ~omp
red o th t 0 th se er 1 sover 1 nt es of
a d t e n ted t s, e C s curin to its
s b .
cts
ee
om of hou t and ct on, h le t e confede at on
s ren
th and 0 he hole .
,107
ollo n m son r
•
a rd,
n r can resbyterian, S r Cullin ardly,
06
etter from ev . Dr • . c 1 ntoc ,' o • cit .
107
Crooks , o. ct., p . 340- 1, ctn
.·c 1 ntock .
account by
president of the British branch of the Alliance, and "one
or two other
108
ngli sh brethr•en .
11
arren reported, w th
so e pride, that he overheard a Congre ationalist express
preference for the remarks of Bishop Simpson, because he
109
ad "some substance."
Sermon at Garnison rche. n t e Sabbath impson
305
as inv ted to p each n the Ga n son t erl n. The honor
s u.nusu 1 . eve befo e had an evan el calm n ster of
n land or meric
tabl shed church in
een nv ed
110
russ a.
o t e pulp to
Te k che,
an es-
ch es under
the d r ct cont ol of he k ng , ias la ge , press ve, £nd
ar tocrat c n nt . Six oo sled from the eet
to as n d f erent C on 0 the ch ch . ach an ,
'ro e ng nd h s min sters do to the orlo nest
s ec ed to nd h s pl ce cco d n
0
C d ocial status .
111
s 1pson , she
a -
. roached
e pulpit, as pre sse th he contr s
•
h
•
r e r nd h
r ocr c o h ki ch , heh e an
e ocr
1 s
c enes so th s e er . u heh d
e C con eat on, ' so e
108
10 t
van
110
Crooks ,
0
111
u v n el c 1
ev . Dr . c 1 tock)
All ance,' op . ct .
t., . 34 •
--
111 nee
II
o , • C t.
o e to
e
ife ,
306
"I talked just as I usually do in plain Methodist style. n
112
H e chose for his discourse the theme on wh ch he had
based h s remarks at the open n of the conference--Christian
un ty . It as a sermon hich he d often preached from the
· ethodist pulpit
nd one he ould preach many t mes more.
G at ered into
t as h s ph loso 0 co pro ise and opti-
ism .
Some en see ch efly that hich is fferent in the
deals and bel e s of e
' s
ps on s ha C as like,
a d n the 1 eness he found reason for C ar t d f ith .
.. :e searched for th co on denom n to s of man nd, nd
a
nd ng
oct e
othe
• C ,
e fo 1 o as ron hop . he basic h man
snot n s o e o p e ch o e od ts or o
1 g ous de o on o h s d
•
rote s
on. t s no s ple ccles c 1 e ol u on
once succe ded, db come nt e c ed s a
onal
•
I s a he r cot n n
t ba e o the soc s of 0 1 n s 1 -
ne
es
cts
11
ich u e e nded olo cal
0 • e f s
tter, for ach s t,
s ne e
ord r o us
te. t,
n and
e its lf, u fy ts ce, s 1
y . The , d and fo s
C 1
s , p rt cul 1 s lf-consc o s , an
112
son, ££· c t ., son to .rs . 1 n
•
so , n •
rd o :Ce -
ork: 929), 19-20 .
307
consequence more than usuall proud of their uccesses and
sure of the ri htness of thej r church and cause. ot the
lea.st of these adm rers of .ethod s w s S mpson , h mself •
. , uch of h s popu ari ty lay in his ab li ty to narrc:,te, for
niversary occas ons, the dr t c and tr umphant march o
::et .. odis • But h s as no bl· nd lo al y , no tenac ous and
0
ub e hol n to the 1 sser ems h creed . t he
a~ to sa on
compro s b
r stian un t, her fore ,
en ac on nd thou ht, bet
us re r ent a
en is o
ene et c p omo
on of ,"et od st ays an
h
octr n nd
0
or
oc
us
e
e od
e
e
gor,
oc ede
r e ve
S..1 f Ct e
1 d h o see o a e deno ·-
or zon . Th rs 1 n on s a no bl o
•
r
rs of h
hoc o
ve o
co 0 ,
t e C
h
eth he e
o h C ,
a h
Gan son re e, 1 h
athe ed t
r v n 1 e
0
hr st an un , f ze
ut on 1 lo a es C he d
o ak
nner n uch
e cold ersuad h
e tas , rel
o e scr
tions . e
d
h ,
p o 1
for h s
no
thou
0
00
co o 1
C
0 t 0
a se es o s le,
d and
n
e
er he nor th r t m or y
0
0
n hi on reg ton av t ou t to uest on n th
a.
308
authority of his biblical citations, and fe could resist the
quick llumination and the sharp emotional tug of h s illus
trat ons. Nonetheless, he moved with a sort of cautious
confidence, sure of h mself as he ent, but careful to
secure the accept nee of one premise b fore he dvanced
another.
The p acher chose for ate ta sentence from the
as pr yer of Christ for h s di c les,
11
An the glory h ch
t OU
s me I
e ar·e one.
1
114
V g nth m· hat t ey m
He appl ed the te t almost
be on, even
ed atel .
e suo ·ect a
1
Chr stian On ness
• • •
and th means of its
nt ." t t e out et, should be und stood h the
h r stian un y s oss bl of ach V ent, e se
_ st
not pr ed for 1
•
o mor port t thee could
co e befo e the urc , s nf rr d ro occ sion
on
ch he v our t pr yer. It s h last
1 ee
th h s d sciple , h s 1 s pr r 1 h d for he
'I
r o n be
II
h er s d .
•
0
th r son nd d u h e h
e
th r coun n nces fo t
or s a e f h p ls s a f n
•
no
o d of
n escapes fro h i t 0
s
11
ell h s boo 0 ey
0
C lo 1st 1 of
11
John 17·22. he bstr ct of the ermon
llo n pa es s ta e om t e follo n sourc
n
• c 4 -4· c n n account by Dr .
----~' Jul 21, 1860, o e ber 24, 18 6.
Crooks ,
ock
•
309
prophesy come down in some measure upon him, and he
seeks to know their future. Words of counsel, words
of love, words of tenderness, though they be but few ,
flow from his lips as the emotions of a father's bosom
swell his heart . Now this furnishes some slight idea
to us of the feelings of Christ •••• he prays for his
disciples who are gathered around him that last beauti
ful prayer ••• And what is that prayer .••• It is
the greatest wish which could fill a Saviour's mind ,
and in it he prays not that his d sc ples mi ght be
numerous· he prays not that they might abound in wealth;
he prays not that they should be filled with all learnin
and understanding •••• The rayer is that hey m ght
be one, 'even as thou F ther art n me and I in thee.'
~ot yet satisfied that the congregat on as a re of th
port~nce of Ghristian unity, the preacher a ant rned to
scr tur 1 reference · a la nly t u , he sad, tha
orld ill never fully bel eve 1 t h m s ion of r st
unt Chr s t ans become one . en hr st an look at the
· rld an se e t e v ce h ch
1 '
n the see so any
o ng to r t t the at so pe ton seem o be 1 e
e nd c o d flo in n t e at,' h n t eir e ts r
.o ed b
11 t s o :t1e r t at en o t r
becau the C urcb h
not fu filled miss on . n o
n
el ev n 0 c euse os e 0 r s an ar no
0
.
f th y s h d ed f t h
1
r
•
en 0 e c onve
OU
d
ake the orl a s u of h n, ten h e m t 1
e 1
sson
of C rist an on nes
•
hus n h s open n rm rk he made cl ar nd v d
e
por nc of Chr s · an onen ss, he st ck a the mot v
0
i s hearers
an ef ort to as ure their ac adherenc
0
the deal, but he thus far had offer d no d init1on of
310
Christian unity. Therein was t he crux of h s message . He
moved si pl
from the first premise to the se cond . ' I call
your at tent· on ,
next ," he said , "to then ture of th s
oneness .
tt
There were t o kinds of oneness ev dent in
• •
all the
orld about . 'There is h t is termed un t or one-
ne s o la or principle . T e is what s termed un formity
or onen ss in out ard anifes tion.' The unity of hich he
S 0
,
the oneness for
es o
r nc ple and not
ich the Savour prayed "is the one
on nes in ma ifest ton, or in
o her 'Ords , un t of pr nc i ple, o unifo
estat 01 •
t n a 1-
a
a
0 st ed is
o s, no v r clea e
hep nt b fore h , an
no ethe ess, o o
s, a 1 ttl
i h e te
str c fo
o . The e der
pl m fo re lect on,
o qu ck he k
o cone e 1 ne on o e b r c o • he
u a be nee o e 1 he b the qu c
S U O
1 0 ch 1 t C fo
.. e
C C to 0 r e puzzled ex -
0 •
of r as c n p c v, he
s m 1 o ract h c
t n our r , the c e u on our
e p rt d f n OU OS-
he v ors h our e th, t e at
r ch co o e our ns , h lobs hie
he ach ner v stun v r • •
t e 1 ttl flo p bove the bosom o
other eart or bu n hour d d s a a, to
oak h ch res 1 s t h s of centur es,
rors stron er for its confl c , he e s th
311
same law, but an endless var ety .
The variety extends t o the human and equally to the mental
character--there are strong resemblances , but there are
d fferenc es . So it is , too , " n our aesthet cal and moral
"
nature.
How varied are emotions .
Let the blo of m sfortune come upon to men- -one shall
·1t in dejection like a pl nt at the rude touch , and
11 shr nk to the bosom oft e earth , hile ano he
~·11 stand unmoved . et tid n ·s of o come to t o
persons--the eye of one ill sparkle, t e lips 11
u ter no es o ejoicing, alls all be exc te ent; h le
n the c o the other , tho heh a my be touch d,
11 co 1 e the cal sunsh ne of peace and oy
e e s this vari ty in OU nature, and t s s en
n 11 OU
mo e.xhib ted in our bus ness, ispl y d
n all OU u n e, n e i
t at o ene s en e v
'
•
I , t e , t s p nc le o res 1 nee nd V
r a all n u e, he 0 h o b a e la of h s
-
n onen s . It c nno hoe r,
'
on s f, ,
a on ness n 11 t ls o 1 D ff n
.n look s s b ec fro f 0 ons--
b ecaus ds d f n tu 11 0 easo
0
eren C rcum C S 0 on .
He h d re C e a C cal n his d scou
•
It
a
e e that e us reconcile h om n rro field of
d
om net onal ct V t h s broad co o ol t n ide s,
t a
emus eld to s aud 0 their lesser lo 1
and
et
ur e u on em ne and tran cen et 1 e
•
- e sou
t h s e 1 t on n analo
•
nd, he rante as
•
,
"'re t c
aci y .
312
at is the rapidity of thou ht that leaps to the ends
of the earth, that can outreach yon cape in the frozen
zone, now t the torrid, and yonder at the 1outh, leap
i n over continents, bound ng over mountains , from earth
t o the stars , up to the vast nebulae! Through all space
m i nd c n le p , and yet there is a limit to it.
ind cannot rasp the infinite, nor can it rasp any one view
t at h s a reat v riet of elations, nor s any man c p le
0
l ookin at 11 the aspects of a subject hose aspects are
vastly var ed .
·ven sos ple an object as an oran e he can
v_e onl part ally . t then shall be said forte an
o s ands on a mo ta n and looks do m o h v lley, or
a. r st o s about to pain act.
s a p rt and see ly, ut no one
can s e t ole . The s e o e e
1 he s d s 11 s 1
--
re
st be , he ur e of h
CO C 0 ch en m or
• • • •
... y no o appl h n lo y, o na h s nu r
r e o 0 sec ri s he t ne S 0 rel on on ch
C re e e, nd y e 0 1 us h
C e s r d ro pl or ol n
0
, or n th r e l s .
0 h
x · s re
n C a r 0
veal e
s e all
ch
e
, e
s be
0 a 0
t
are
Y , u
e, d ,
hat what y 0
313
illustration ! ••• ence on these subjects, there will
be a variety in our understand n sand pe ceptions. o
reli- ous creed ca be made so def n teas to embrace
these subjects . Hence the folly of attemptin to bring
aunty o creed to prevail amon men .
un ty of "usa ·e," that is of forms and pract ces of worsh
he also bel eved to be imnoss ble .
The ·reat outl nes of r st n orshi are t e
· . re meet, e s n , re r d , 'le r y , e ex ound ,
e-
eep
t.e o d's day , e ead from the same books , 'le ·o·n n
subs 11 the same sons , and t e s
• • • • all e expect un ty n t e urch o e
ou f ~ily arrange ents? Im y bu ld a house of
stone , you of r ck, and anot er of fr • I y ve
d n ·n, - oo d fe entl p ced from o s· e .1-
r f e nt, and t e art cle of di ton my
ma b so ewh t d
0
er t · nd et, al have
hou ~s a els nd re ul subst nt 11 the
n • • •
t
•
s t e la I is s :
.
s t I con o h
s·t , 0
be 0 cot d e s
• • • •
us b on n ess t
ut ost tole ce erence es es .
s b t s t ne r the nd o d cours ,
t 1 1 p t f or C r e t e u e C alon
0 ay ha OU fe pr nc pl s 1 bor d,
no p t C 1 rl nt 1, bu 11 s h
n
d t de 1 h c r V d s
1 , n SU none 0 o pro t the non-
C
h ch e h d ur ed t
'
e OU 1 nes
OU
ch mu t nd b , t 0 h s ould
t
s ever
conce b e er f ce , and e n 1 t el
'
•
t e
en
so , h ad not y d f ned hr st n t , nor
d
scussed he ans of ttai n Of th t fact
•
314
he now reminded them .
"!here then is the unity, and by hat means is it to
be attained? The lan ua e of the text is ' The glory hich
thou avest me , I have given them, that they maybe one.'"
, at was th s Christ had1 It was not his div nity,
for he neve recei ved i t ; he as i the beginning with God ,
he as od . It was not the lor of his sufferings , h s
sacri ice for human sin," or t at he could not i e to
another: -- ' e trod the
ne - ess alone , and of the people
l ere as o e it him . '
1
at , ten as his lor?
po n
· ·a it n t t e lory o enevol nt effort , t e glory of
te c · n , the glor o blessin , t e lory of g
th_s earth to ards heaven- - he i n a ay o er,
t econ ortin o the orro ful , the makin the 1
o leap , t e bl nd to see , the dea to her , t s d
to e ·o ce , t e d sconsol te to o nto an ecstac , nd
o ra se th so 1 to the very subu bs o glo y? •••
en h t t e orl , ave this le c to the
hu ch to do good , to make the orld app er, tote ch,
o bl , nd p ov th s e rth •••• T s s th
or the hurch• th s s the lory ic C s t
us . Ten , I say, the un t of th Chu ch s
o 1 nit t of ef ort to ise th s orl
s heaven .
To OS ore d ea dress , h spea er a th s
reac ed S C a , bu h a not t rou h . T ere
ere o
·ect:ons
to meet , and f nal appe 1 to ake . Som
·o 1
ask
11 ef ort to do ood a e men one.
'
e ould
. n
to t e t e gre t pol tical stru gle is in ro ress •
: en
or
ng or one ob ect atta n unity, and the h der they
or
, t e
st 0 er become the r tt chments . Or 'h n men
0
a be evolent assoc ation , do they not call each other
315
brethren? do they not shake hands with a firm rasp'?" But
w hat is wanted is a work so vast that all can engage in it
a platfbrm so broad that all can stand upon it. The platforms
of politics are not broad enou~h, the benevolent associ tions
are too li ted in character. Search the orld over and such
an op ortunity is no here to be found "but in the bro d
plat f orm of Christ anity. {hat s that? The foundation is
in the life and history of Christ, and in th s mple record:-
, e ent a bout al ys doing ood. '"
St 11 others ould object that 'th sis not lory, ut
rathe labor and sacrif ce ." Th oul sa, he had m stak n
the t e. t--"that th is s crific d not glory . u
does lory ~ere is
s
n
t co r or ' s bro
ii . as no c n on
so n thee e~y•s ks .
nod e nd re er he
re ter the re d· he eater es er
t e honor· the re r or he
4ro~ hat does the or of th et
h 1 bor n br n n ou
don
lory-?
e cold
t not
r, h
I')
.
rater
lor .
f 0
ex_ r ess on, and he lo us c n
br ng n t ose notes to ther a n T e
lor o the st esman cons t n stud et
pr c ples nd d r ng o a t n th lory
o t he man o sc ence is the re 1 lt of days d ni ht
s ent n br n n ou lar lus ns h h lory
o the ph lanthrop st is ng s ns o save the
o 1. The r al of lor s from s lf-sacri ce .
fort lone snot enou h, or the lory a not n
.i..ne efr ort, but n succes ful effort .
he e as much n
an ' s enterprises that as not success ul, y the cause n
ic t hey ere enga ed as
cause full of hope nd must be
successful .
o coul they be sure of ett ng the po er t ey
316
needed to accompl i sh the work? It was like the galvanic battery or the electric -mach ne . Touch one of the wires and
no effect is felt , but touch the other and a shock is felt
throu
the system .
of
Br n yourself in contact with D vine ower; ta e hold
o the great cha n of prayer on t e one hand , and then
o out and take hold o t e reat cha n of effort on the
other, and at t t moment ou begin to ork or God;
D vine no er 11 c culate throu h you, and Divine
energ 11 1 sh throu h you s stem; or Ch 1st hath
sad : 'Lo ! I am it ou al ays , ev n to th e d of the
orld.' ••• Do yo ant to spea a o d of encour e
m n to dy ng an? our li s may ta er, but hen
t e electric current touches th , your ton e 11 ro
elo uent . f you go o st e seen of afflic on,
- · v ne po er 111 o i th ou, for n orkin , man com s
near od .
0 t e m ethod s audi nc s C ved t s m ss
e b oader o pel snot co ded n any o the b hops
rema · ns, butt e fac ha he pre c ed f en 1 for
er·od
of ears s assuranc as ed
in s f 1
•
In G a so ch t
r ... n, cc nto , h e L tho st C t C co ce for
he fe
1 0 d nc
I
t OU t he se 0 st 1
0
h cure t e f llin
P,
nd h luc d
ness o
s s emen nd pos s onl s s e
he
a 0 an tend e s o thee ort t on 0 s
n ty and
fie ty . " s e looked OU over e
noted that
n e as d ed th t rs, nd h as
ure th t
any a heart 0 ed n r solut ons for the ser ce
o' Go
un er t a se on .
,115
n 1 shman, robabl a
115
rooks, o • ct . , p . 344 .
317
e. minister , said to cClintock, "Ah, sir, that was preaching;
hat a backbone of hard stout thinkin as beh nd all that
d ti
,nll6
tenderness an unc on .
The present day student, while
finding much to praise in the cathol city o the bishop's
vie s , mus t be careful, ho ever, not to read into them the
broader tene s h ch later came to be known as the "soc al
ospel . '
~ o Berl n, on r velled ast o alest _ne n
he ce t It 1 , r nee and Br tan bac to e o k, a
·ourne 'h c equ red, lto et e , ne rl s on hs . A
y ut he b c e v entl i , and for the r t of h r
as n so kened a cond tion th the snot ce n
0 1 ive to eac ho
•
ter re tt bur h ,
as a r ck n a d ne to s ome or n ly
e. ear .
17
ven b g none 0 o eet s conf r-
0
ces
as unabl o re ch, and h
118
a s o t t e o 11 v •
ut h le h d e of concl
li ed th th ha
n s labo s , h s
1
er upon ost s nous nd c t ph s
h
•
e d mo ed n 1859 , u on thee rnes ol cit ton
s old fr en fro
116
oc . cit .
117Ib ., p .
nd a a, r . o
7- 8 .
118
e te ber
., p . 361 , S
~-
pson to .rs .
18 o.
V s , om tsbur h
llen · • S mpson ,
318
to the Iethodist v llage of vanston, on the shores of Lake
··1chigan. The ch nge in residence had been attended by
consider .ble persuasion nd so e maneuverin. Simpson was
nted as the nominal had of the ne Garrett Biblical
rnstitu e, but he d d not feel justi ed n oving unless
some spec al cons de t on , such s shop's parsona e,
·e re offered .
11
·
11
f nanc al c isis' made the bu ld
0
t e ome poss ble dur n 185 , ut n
Y,
]859 , a
co t ee n vanston ead to offe h m ire bun ed
ollars per year rental ee unt 1 h hous could be bu lt .
So s son oved s f ly st o I 1 no s . I as
or n m ove , for do n Sp n a an 0
C e to no
•
he 1ce p a s n f cant
e C on . e son's 1 C t e S 0 of h s
d co r
•
120
119
on, p 0 0 r • 1
•
mp o,
"a u r ,
•
ra o e
•
1 s 0 · pso ,
,
CHAPTER IX
OLITICAL LEADER
Abel Steven's prophecy that the Church, by electing
uatthew Simpson to the o.ffice of bishop, had "neutrs_ lized''
the influence of one of its stron est leaders seemed, by
1860, a well established fact •
1
s editor Simpson had spoken
·ith vigor on public questions and hen attacked by poli
icians t ad defended bly his ri •ht and obli ation as a
clergyman o speak out, but as bishop he had no oice for
ubli c a fairs • e accepted the tr dition of "the nee ss ty
of 1 rt 1 ty in the e iscopacy, he ielded to the belief
h t the b s op as an dm istrator of church ff 1
Q,
not
axer of pol cy and 0 n on. T e ear 1861 marked a chan
n .. is oint 0 1e
•
T e Ci 11 ar thrust h m in o a po-
e
sition o
ro nence and 1 ad rs 1 ch, it is s p hie
n
talents , e could not ell r ject. e b came, to his
a
om nat
on , th gre t ar 1 hop, reno or h
tr o
ism, 1s e d or tor , his ise co el
•
r -
ex r o in r cl 1 s h s t er d a out is n
it 1
said that he
s a clos e fri nd and equent adviser
0
coln ., that he as much honored and dmir ·. d b Stanton
d a, therefor , used by the r sident to red r mor
1
bel Stevens , Bishop mes,' The
7 388 , O
ctober., 1855. Cf , p 260.
tional ~ .. agazine,
320
pliable the doughty little Secretary of ar; it as widely
whispered and at len th boldly asserted that he had much to
do with the issuance of the • ancipation roclamation, and
that the resident read the document to him for criticism
and approval before present n it to the C binet. These
claims, so
r as they ma be est blished, belle the prophecy
0
Ste ens . Here at last as am n ho could ise above th
trad tonal neutrality of the ep scopacy, a bishop o could
use is of ice and its n luence to advis in th affai s
testate , to help uide the destinies oft e ton.
ti ecessary , ho ever, to i e car ful ex mina ion to
se clams · in the rocess it may be discover d that Stevens
a er earl r i t, tat e b sop, lt ou e ov d
- the ci cl s of the pol tic 1 lect , could ever or t
a s r r all anc a to his churc •
e e al
n
e
• e
2
to ry,
e ce o 1852 a
0 laver , th
et of h C
Con renc 0 1856 a
eneral rule o t e d SC
ops, 0 V r, cited t
rles B umer Sane,
(Boston • • • ad er,
1852-1861. lt OU h h
11 tl tention to h
UC a as n on
n the s th t d
so ro is of a ch n
1
2
Th dd n • ss 0
r d tonal anti-sla ry
odisrn d
--
09.
321
position of the Church, and voiced the opinion that the
conference could take no decisive action on the slavery
problem because none of the proposed changes in the rule
had rece ved th const tutional three-fourths vote in the
3
annual c onf e renc es •
Simpson , apparently, ad made no public st tem nt
on the slave r uestion since his lection as bishop, but
his stron ed torials in the astern Christian dvocate
a half o en year earli r led is brethren ro th orth
o belie e h im symp t e ic it their des re to change the
eneral
ic
1. But th respon ibilit o he piscopal
ei h d eavil upon i. et r h, nor n of
s col
to s
ue or
ze t
r b n s en
en on e
en he ort
nd d
h by
c ssors, s isho s, h b en 0
abol1 onis d no on o the
any urc ti very m t or con-
s ct tor, uc 1 s p r cipan •
d 1 es c to d epl
y ng h t OU tt ' ir rope d ction
ga st l ver unconst tut onal. ' He a 11 1 sorr
ad
or t e os 1 t ion lt obl ted to ta , he int t d to
L
1 ,
11 , b caus a lar e nu.mer o t s sam
d earl er s 1 that the er oin to send him to
3
_enr
• Janes,
Y o k : h
• d a
llips &
, The ife of dmund
unt, 1882), p-:-197.
4
shops as ar isans,
1
o ember 21, 1867.
e erk Christian
n
land.
322
. 5
"N ow,
11
he wrote, "I think , this will not be done." en
the vote of the Conference was taken, the proposed change
~ceived a majority but failed of the prescribed two-thirds.
A year later, in England, Simpson was forced to make
a state ent on the failure of his Church to decl re itself
unequivocally on the slavery issue. o other denomination
i n America , he argued, had so soon introduced a rule on the
sub ect, no other had "placed among its fundamental rules
.•• one hie stated that it as contr ry to Christie.n
c.octr ne and fello s ip o buy or sell any an, oman, or
C J. ld , 1th intention to ensl v
6
them.
11
-e did not claim
that 1s Churc ad "al ys se n ost clearly hat coul
be done ,
1
nor tha
ut a 1d poin
that t asked al
out
ys
t h d
that
at
al ays done the
it mov d ste adil
can e don for
best t h ng ,
in on direction,
the e t nction
o sl ry .
I , hes id, n ul r f ct hat, ro
s
tion o tat C urch til h r e s nt da, no an
r s en nit counc ls d s . d to h e t a t
n re oved ro our 1 ciplin.' ointed out to
e r at t a ch had co e upon the h u r ch hen
bee
f rm in it 1ns1 tenc t h t slavery should not
e ext nded to the e isco acy--n arl fi e undred thou and
5
:atth Simpson, S., S mpson to ' r . llen
--
•
son , ay 21, 1856.
61
l sh esleyan Conference, Christian Advocat
Journal, September 10, 1857.
323
iost t o their communion, a number larger than the esleyan
body in England had ever claimed. It was a painful task,'
he concluded, nand nothin but a firm conviction of duty
and as fi rm a reliance in God's blessing could have led us
to take such a step as a s then t aken."
7
What he as tryin
t o po nt out to t h em, ndi r ectly , as t hat st r icter m e asures
i ght m ean the los s to th e t hodist
1
pisc opal Church of all
of the borde r conferences, a res 1 t hich as ve r y n e rly
eal zed n the n e t f e rs .
S pson ad s carcely re t urned f rom h i s ro e r ip
b ore the B l t imore Conf rence , hie
t .. e nti- bol tion ... rote Qt , in i d h
a o t em . T ey p omi .. d to rai s
ad b n the sat o
to ta his d nc
f n c ssar , f t y
t o s n ollars to urch rs denc
8
or im. S nsing
dange r o o 11 a 1 1 1 to e ost un ieldin o
0 r con nc , nd r aliz ng b sm nt to
1 n C of 1 oth r ruptu in th Cuc , her -
c ed t
0
1 a oo
e s t o
sla er •
ttrac 1
e 1 o
e
at h
... C
,
o ever , is
7
Loe . C
•
83
son , 0
11 , 1
,
185
•
9
bid., c.
•
0
0 r , pr or to 1860 , pson a.s
h e t m .
no u 1 c
or t
cl
oh r e son
ton on ro 1 m of
as r of t se o ne
a br ef not
of the con-
par nt ro n is d ary
•
cit.,
c. arr s to 1 ps o
ch
•
,
•
a rris t o m son , a r ch 26 , 1858 .
324
in 1859. "Tea with Bp Janes & Dr. Durbin • • • M uch talk
on antislavery position of ch. Bp J. Dr. D. & myself spent
evening in talking . n lO
During these years the more radical element in the
Church bec ame more vigorous and determined in its ef ··ort s
to strengthen the general rule. xcept alon the border
states the conferences ere almost unanimous in their demands
for a. ch
e. ome of them admitted that the rule sit
tood in the discipline prohibited slavery, but they felt
t at a ch nge as necessary in order that there be no doubt
about the position of the Church. number of r solutions
as ropes d, but no one of them as voted upon by all o
t e co erenc s and o one of them, therefore, recei d the
11
o st t t ona three- ourths vote. on theless, an f ort
t the Con er nc of 1860 a ad to rite th rule of
e di C p n
•
· fter t
0 e s' d b te the roposed end-
1 e t
a led of adopt on, b t t Conferenc ap roved n
d
Ory chapter ich dee h buy , sellin , or
ld
of n be n s to be contrar to the la. s of od
and n ture, co sist nt 1th h Gol n 1, and t
• • •
l
rt e] 1 li 12
sc p ne. • • Ho ever mild ten decl ration
lOibid., Journal, pril 17, 1859.
1
1aney, o. cit., p • 223-224, Luc u atlack
1-Slaver ru le nd Tri h in th 1st
--
-~~a~l Church hillips t, 1881), P • 17 .
12
aney, .£2.· c t., p . 226.
32 5
it nonetheless stirred great excitement in the border confer-
ences . Baltimore Conference , despite the conciliatory
rol ngs of Bishop Scott , voted by a lar e majority to se cede
from the Church . More than one hundred ministers and about
twelve thousand members , most of whom 1 ved in Virginia,
left the conference and subsequently united 1th the Church,
south. There were secess ons also in hiladelphia , astern
13
vir~inia, and Southern Illino s conferences . Bis op
1 pson , too , encountere diff cult in the ast Balt mo e
Co e ence he.e resolutions ere dr wn de anding the repeal
of t e ne chapter and the dele at on to each annual conf r -
14
ence of full authority over sla ery 1th n its bounds .
er n astern V rginia , o ever , Gordon Battelle , fr· end
n fo er student of S mpson , nd dur n the ar a leader
n t e form tion of t e ne state of r s t ir inia , believ d
t the o 1 cold be pers aded to stay ith the orth, '
al ... ou h m any of t em ere much itated by 'tis iserable
ev 1 s ultraism.
15
Ot er conferenc s alon t e bord r
oo co ort in the visory char cter of th n ch pter
a t er fore ubm t ad to the d c s o of the General
Co erence •
16
It may b
ustly a swned th t then ber of
13
s aney, o . cit., pp . 2 0-31 .
14
.atlack , o • cit ., pp . 21- 22 .
15
S1mpson , o . cit ., Gordon Battelle to impson ,
eptember 6 , 1860 . -
16
S aney, .2.E.• c i t ., p . 228 .
326
secedin members was much smaller than ould have been the
case had the General Rule on slavery been changed by the
conference of 1860 or had the new chapter been less liberally
construed. The net gain to the nation may have been consider
able , for the great majority of' ethodists n aryland and
astern Vir inia ~ere thereby persuaded to remain in the
Church .
ethodism as stron in this area, claimin fn these
1
t o states alone ne rly a hundred thousand members . ad
t ey een orced to secede ro th Church they ould certain
y ve been less loyal to the ove ment, and the 1 adership
of inen 1 ke Gordon attelle and Governor icks of aryland,
et o 1st, mi ht have b n
18
ive . In this re- ar crisi
ost or rend rd 1 ss e f ct-
on sl very, then, mpson did
not assume a pos tion hie ordin rily ould receive the
cclaim of a hero- ors ppin po terity, but h
n . scone ative policy, pl yed t e p to
ay have,
ise st tesman-
hip· e may have, in h s restr nt, con r uted m uch tote
u deci ion of border to st.
tude to ard th ar. The rt offic ale ression
f the
t 1st p scopal C urch to ar the r c e rom
17
ill arr n
and the Ci il r (
2~ • C tin
1
----·,
s, in refusin
sta·ne b the
,
J s ord odes,
he om promise of 1850
1904), III, p. 01.
to c 11 his Democratic
public sentiment of h s
istory o
( e York:
ode s oi nt out that
le islature , as
t te .
11
327
the ew York East Conferenc e which as in sess on t the
time of the fall of Sumter, e rly in April , 1861 . Shocked
and outraged by the actual beginning of conflic t , and fully
sympathetic with President Lincoln ' s call f or 75 , 000 volun
teers, the conference passed a series of resolutions pled ing
itsel to the sup ort of resident and country . ile e
love peace and re the ministers of the rince of eace " ,
the memoers stated , " yet we hol it to be the sacred duty
of a.11 men to ove their coun ry and to c erish fr edom,
and espec lly n times of peril to offer our c vil rulers
our a d and sympath •
• •
,19
iithin a onth of the out
o host 1 ties every et odist journ 1 of he ort ad
20
eak
asserted that the ar as a r 1 ious duty. Te b hop s ,
too , ere , for once , une u vocal in the r t d upon
u 1 c question . 'Secession • • • is rebellion ithout any
aus ble xcuse , " t e sen or bishop, Tho as • 1 orr s , e-
c red .
dmund S . Janes, travellin
ro
public 1 to t 8 OS t 0
S 0
nes , n a rou n addres~ tot
n
of
nd , defended
21
he o th, and
nisters o the
en ee o erence s d tha:t er i his dut to ·o n the
U o a y nd 1 ht the r bels , he s ould hoot very fast ,
1
S eet , o • cit ., • 70, c t ng
Y ork ~ast Conference , 861 , p • 14, 15 .
inutes of th e
20
The ~ethodist , ay 4, 1861 .
21
ga a , .2E.· cit ., p . 251 .
328
be would 'fire into them most benevolently.' "
22
Simpson
also quickly espoused the ca.use of the Union . By April 27,
scarcely two weeks after the firing on Sumter, he was already
~own for his "piety and patriotism ••• in the present
critical condition of affairs •
n
. . , a fact which the
Chic go venin Journal thought should fill the figwam to
ove rflowing for a Sunday afternoon address which he was to
2 24
g ve . 3 ore than six thous nd people cro ded into the
auditorium to he r
is 'very po erful and patriotic discourse
u on t e r rea Crisis
• • •
25
e developed fist a re-
i ious tl e e, s o in that God rei ns over a orld of
order, tat God's overnment is one of isdom, righteous-
ness , oodness, and po -er . In thes rinc ples the spe ker
ound an ex lanation f or the tra ed rhic had befallen the
ton , but e sought like sea just fie tion for the use
of orce n oppos n the r e lion.
I
s e beli
a~ ,
od 1 id the found t on of t s
and
s de t, t s our uty 0 pro ct it .
e
h
an 0 oes to t e r, oes in
0
od , oe to uphold ord r, oe s to uphold the
11
Ord.a
ned
of od.,
"
oes or the ri ht.
,26
-------
22
S aney , o. cit., p . 3 O.
23
Chicago venin Journal, A pril 27 , 1861
24
Chica o Tribune, pril 29, 1861.
2
Chicago ___ .,. Journal, pril 2 9 , 1861
ve,
I
e
r--o e ent,
t follo e
the or er
government
26
'Bishop Simpson ' s Sermon;' orthwestern Christian
_dvoc ete, ay 1 , 1861 .
J
329
Claims 1egarding the Emancipation reclamation. The
claims that Simpson had a part in framin · th manci ation
roclamation Jre based somewhat upon inference, some hat u on
testimony . In the former instance it is pointe out that
Simpson called upon incoln several times at Sprin field and
that e sa him frequently at ashin ton. Since the bis op
as a stron advocate of th Union caus , it is inferred that he
ust ave used his acqu intance 1th Lincoln to urge the
te ti on 1 base upon
bishop. It s nee ss r 0
emanci at ion o the sl ves.
all Led conversat ons 1th t
i car ul tt nt on o ese cl s if the inf uence of
i mpon t or tor is to b pro rly a r 1 d .
It is prob ble tat dur n t e fall or int r of
1860-6 1 pson, ho ad t u is res denc n sto
Il 0 s, ec me C U nted t r am incoln . e bi
1 fr 0 n e , Dr . Jo , ri
lobb in b al 0 so m a ur ch,
a
OU
oppo db , ere ev uall ed
lar e
.
27
8JO it
•
I 1 t i
it incoln,
28
e t undou tru r nces
a stat
•
• • con , r t rov m er el ction ad b e nst 11
h
overnor ' off C n t e tat ... ous nd r e
ece v
t e cord 1 and ent rel unc r m on u ~ r tin
27
Sim son, o. ct.,
ebruary 26 , 1861 .
• Ja
•
urne to Si pson,
28
Crooks , .£E.• cit., p . 370 .
,
op,
l
d
330
of h i gh and low. "
29
The man who could find time to greet
"whosoever chose to enter
30
t the open door" and ho as
by nature a s g c ous poli ticic~ n, very probably recognized
the ut lit of an acquaintanceship 11th one of the leaders
of so ormidable an organ zation as the ,et o ist piscopal
hurch . The nature of the conf nces h snot been recorded,
but it my be assumed that throu h them the bishop developed
n este em or the res dent-elect, for on the mornin of
. e ruar 11 he as on of e company o called at r •
L coln
1
s ho se to is h m 11 on .his journey East. Lat r
e stood , i he thr n 0 C tiz ns, in t e rain at t e
de o 0 1 sten to h ds o th
f
r 11 ddres
31
•
Be o e nq rin into th n d r from t s f cts,
a d bes-or
isc ss n Sip on' la on to ncoln a the
.o s , t 11 b dvisa le to co sid r t .. dir ct
0
'
nf uenc rel 0 he ocl tion .
0 coln's d h , son
. s
all d
u on to 1 un r 1 or Sprin ld,
• 0
d n he e odis of he
n
enc
e issu nc of nc at on rocl
e
or ned currency, o e r , n th rs th t ollo d
11, at
wimpson s de h ev ral o t un ral sermons
29
• G •
icol nd incoln, 0 ay,
(
e ~
ork : The Century Co, 1890, I, 247.
0
Ct . oc .
31
et odist, a 6 , 1865, re ort n remarks of
i
before the e ork Conference , r 1 24 , 1865 .
331
32
boldly asserted the claim of influence . • swill be seen,
the claims have been reasserted by the biographers, until
they have now been ·iven currency in such reputable sources
as !illiam rarren Sweet 's study of the 1 ethodists and the
33
Civil l ·ar and Carl Sandbur 's massive work on the w r
34
ye rs.
The stor~ of Si pson ' s in luence as first set forth
n det e 1 by the first o is io rapher's, George • Crooks .
e narrative had been supplied to Crooks by eneral Clinton
B. F k, 'o e o the is op' s mo t int
3
at personal fr ends .
n the summer o 1862, i k s erted, i son ad a inter
e, th r . incoln 'confined to the point of the p r si-
ent ut y o ssu a procl-•u-t on s tt ng the sl ves r
n t e rebellious st te • Later t e pres d nt, said k,
o ed th oc ent tote is o , 0 as el ted it
t .
n t a re in t c b t n or
conti
d , ha s SU e t d th t f n 1 sent nc ou ht to
a
s
t
( e
referenc to God .
'
at shop m pson
11 th on
r P
t
y''
ep led nco n,
ad.
'
This 0
d y e t nd andbur
un 2, 1884,
Yor C hri
----:-~r-..
s on o
3
· e t , o . cit., p . l 6.
34
carl andbur ,
or . a re o rt , r c e
35
Crooks, o . ct .,
•
73 •
36
1b d ., p . 374 .
1
t h tis
1 sub-
•
Years
, 88-9 .
332
Another of Simpson ' s biographer ' s , the ev . E. M .
ood, reported that the bishop persuaded the president that
the right to emancipate was included in the president ' s ex
traord _nary war powers , and that such an act ould , therefore ,
be constitutional .
37
' ' ood rote .
"This I had from the lips of the bishop .
• •
badly rbled account of impson •s
supposed action is rel ted n estory of Governor John vans'
life. ccordin tot is narr.ative a nice of vans as in
the i pson ho e, in 1863, at the t me bishop mad up
hi s
d to hav a last ord on he sub ct ·1th Lincoln .
" can no lon er condone del y by silenc , " t b shop is
re ort ed to a e said, "sol ly.' e ce, he urried do
to as in ton, rom hiladelphia, nd con ronted r. incoln .
0
b
... en e returned ome, the o
is am 1 that he had s id.
1 dy e b red, e told
d nt, s
ee
f
one
be respo ble
e 0 n to 0
a f el, and
e o
or t 0 11
ek,
en th bishop
. us
C in York •
p t
en
h h
7 I d
• ... • . 00 ,
1
P on ( it ts bur h.
. 152- •
a 1
1 no lon
all 1 por
ef tha un
the co tr
or its unp
I
0
-
opl
v rtis d
0 V r, r.
ttle lo er.
s
r ton
t. I to
s 0 t
ill SU nd 0
on bl p
1
tell
•
a s o occur t er
to s at th C e
ncoln eg e hat p on
e b sop su posedl
counsel ed faith nd patience in his
38
e Y ork address.
333
The most extravagant claims have been made by Clarence
True ~ .rilson w ho insists that Simpson 'inspired the manci
pation r oclam tion." In a hopelessl y confused account,
· 11son says t h t Si mpson ent to the te ous on pril
8, 1861
d "boldl told t he r es i dent tat he oul d h e
0
et rid of l very b f or e G od o l d ever le t hm i n the
·ar .
r or to this tim e Simpson had upbr ai ded .. r . i ncoln
for
ovin J ohn C. r mon , mancip t or of sl ve in
.issouri. To veri y is narr tive i ls on r o uces thre
tn ss s , h s own th r , the e
•
obn
• •
.ilson ,
11
ho
n e rs ter the de t o L ncol e rd th stor ·rom
i s o
a
ron
er
C
ed
p on," t e ev .
e account o
b ross in
pr l 8 , 1861 s
ncoln efo e
• • •
lso
ccur
ter
ood , nd e • o an .
nd Jo va s n ece r both
C
•
f d t ed
te 11 , hen s p on co -
s red upon , nd 1 t
e no ar fo od to let t e es nt e
o e o e r ter d t h e d s 862
a e ot e r ff C 1 es . n re 26 , 1862 , on
a
sch d l ed to m t a conf renc in 11 u bra k , nd ,
e
a
(...,,e
40
anot .er a 0 t In
..
ani , for r l 10 . Snee yn ,
8
d ar Carlis l e c chen , Li e o overnor
er : he ahl ren ubl sh·n Co., 124), pp .
9
40
1 rence ru ils on ,
11
is op tthe 1 so , the
n re the ....... u""'"Acip ton r ocl lI?lation,' Current
1 :100 , 107.
Si pson , .£1?.• cit., c rapbook, r int ed schedule .
39
e
334
conferences usually sat for more than a week, it is unlikely
that Simpson was in ashin o-ton during the early part of
pril, 1862 . The third witness present d by ilson, th
ev . John Lanahan , snot quoted directly , but only referred
,
to s assenting. s a matter of fact, Lanahan rote to
Crooks say ng "I don ' t th nk Sim son ever urged upon incoln
such a proclamation , al thou h he des red it.
4
1 It seems
robable that ilson read Cooks' present tion of the Lanahan
te t mony so ver l astily that e missed the eani entirely .
niec of John vans, 1 ke se, as co fused on dates .
She lace the rel i a announce ent oft e procl am tion
e r
r t t
t event took pl ce . he s r tin
pso 1 ve iladel ia in 1863 , but
cl r
id
no ove er
1 ua ce o t e
t 1 1 te int
ocl t 0
11· at t.e t m oft e
es 11 rs de in vanston.
o t e ddr ss n
11 o 1864 J
42
ork, ot del v re unt 1
er 1
s '
emor
o x d te • Durin th s
too , fa led
er o 1862 , n
o d to e x rci d hi influ nc ov rt
t bi hop
in his e iscc al d ti
nd
re on . h d set a 1 ro e or on
Crooks , o . cit., pp .
7
7 - 76 .
42c • , • '1.
h n h
n C
4
une 1
pso ,
--
.,
11
o es of Travel--1862 , "
,
red
s
d nt ,
orni
ntl
ne 1 .
335
started his return journey overland from California on
September 16. He reac ed Chic go on ctober 15, some three
eeks fter the prelimin ry announcement of the
44
roclamation.
Lincoln , in the meant me, had iven no indication that he
had been persuaded to ree the slaves, until the middle of
uly hen he e ressed to t o of s cabinet m mb rs his
belief that he should 1 sue such a procl tion. On July
22 e re d to
s Cab net the fir t dr ft of his proposed
et on d ci
45
ubl c.
d to ait for
0
re st e poss b 1 t, a Lan n s t , th t
c ln and pson d sc ~s ed e 1 er ro
46
he
is o
pu
0
0
a not , o e r, a an 1 to d r C r
lie o ure, a e as ortr d
V n s.ny in lu th e
•
,
V b
•
d it 0 C 0 a con c
s or clai of th t
e oclam on to s son be or
et, t e e 1 o ot ... or
•
, t t C SU d r r
t
45
ode , o • c t . , I , 71, 72 •
46
C ro o s , o • c t . , 7 6 •
b n ec of
.
s d , t er fore , d
blic o nion .
ncoln d dr t
bm d it 0 h
s rue,
C to 0 t
er 1 , 1862 • he
336
47
concluding sentence , but this fact in itself does nothing
to fo~vard the claims of Simpson's friends.
rem ains a remote possibility that the bishop s w 1 . ~ r. incoln
so metim e bet een October 15 and December 31, and made sug-
estions pert a ning to the Proclamation , there is not suf
cient ev denc to establish the cl im. On the ot er h nd,
t~ere are e ou h independent itne ses to support the con-
clus on that
sop mnson sometime or oth r tal ed 1th
he res ent bo t e anc tion nd th the h self belie ed
th
el d some i f lu nee on . r . ncoln ' h nk
•
d Lincoln' nistration . I i o on
not a r fo r, if h s primary pu ose ins e n ,I, •
incol a not in SU or 0 e nc tion, at then as his
1 e , himsel , e lained it , nan addr s shortl
48
e
1
' s
e th, at rs o e Churc
•
i
le on i p to th r s dent as, in ee
'
one of urch
s es , for h 1 r ly CO C rn d 1th see o fies
:,
r
llo snot al
s
•
n unus pursu
•
• 0
1st C a prone to n t the nt'
a
ost
un i ded a tention V n to t e ppro cnin eris s
0
ar,
d that st tes en and 1 ous le ders re intent
47 0
( os on •
• ~ ors e , r . , d . ,
on ffl n Comp n,
elles
a 6 , 1865 .
337
upon the political an~ spiritual welfare of the nation . The
victory at the polls , however, had been the triumph of a
party, and the spoils must be divided by political means .
T he impendin disaster was ye t in the future , men's hopes
~ere not entirely shattered , nd in the mean time each man
of influence must th nk the affairs of the n tion best pro
vided for if he hi self had some hand in the distribution
49
of patrona e .
e resident , if some ~hat earied b the rus of
of ice seekers , vie ed the matter · th is ch r acteristic
.. umor . at is the matter , r • ncoln," a fr end said
ne day, hen he sa him looki p rt cul rl r ve and
d sp"rited, as hing one ron t the ront ?' 0,"
d .r . incoln, "It is ' t the ar · it ' s osto ice t
o sv lle, :1ssour1 . ,
5
o n t e m tter of a o ntments he
too ains to consult
11
ver one o ad r ht to be eard . '
ersonnel t t had E e ade the ost tho ou h o ng s ee o
n ade b any president , but e erted 1 ttle effort ,
except in the i est pos tions, to obta n
51
. e or t of ces •
e best f ted
.,.ot the le s t amon the aspirants ere the ! et odi ts .
49c
r ssell ish, he Civil d the atron-
( ~ arvard
H storical Studies, oi. d e • arvard
ersit y
ress , 1904) , p . 169 .
SOida
.. T rbell, ife of Abr a ncoln
• • •
(
-
York:
o bleday, Page & Co., 1909), II, 125.
51
Fish,
£E.·
cit., p. 1'70.
338
E xceptionally consc ous of their numerical strength and the
growin presti e hich they ere obt inn from property
hold n sand eduction 1 ventures, d the prominent public
places held b a ew of th ir laymen , they sought what see ed
to them a fair proportion of the pol tical spo ls. Simpson
as addressed frequently by o ice seekers . One , fore ample ,
de red the superintendency of Ind an f irs for the orth-
53
52
est,
one a co iss on to the Sand ich Isl nds, and a
tl rd des red a connection in he e n consulat for h i
anahan, irascible son o as study n abro d .
54
John
et_o 1st reac er st oned t le andria, rote, "If
!'lcoln oul nt thodist for a sect ble lac --
ich snot 1 .tCel --and ould a po nt e
'
avy en for
'
ould not d
55
... • .J • ne .
s son app rentl made ef ort to co ply enerally
t the s d nt •s publ she requ st re n postm st r-
s
s-- ts appl rough Con ress ,
no
r ctly
to
b
56
t lea of he
e C et r n net . UC ...
a
'
s op ' s cor spon ence nd c tes t e referred a pl·-
o s to h
for tud n d lon - fr end , en tor
52
mpson , ~•ct., anne to impson,
bruary 23, 1861 .
5
54
55
56
ent.
ce, 1
bid., L. Ja s . urney to i son, F bruary 26, 1861 .
__ i_d. , .'illi m t st to Simpson, b ary 23, 1861 .
bid., John Lanahan to im son, arc 11 , 18 1 .
of th
ton,
) ' p . 3.
~ederal ivil Serv ce: 1789 to the
.c. United tates G o ernment -rint ng
339
Jame s Harlan of Iowa. That he had other avenues of influence
v,hich he mi "ht use may be inferred from Sen tor arlan ' s
reques t t hat he rite a letter in behalf of General Jessee
sic] Bowen, of Io a City. "·e recommended his appointment
-
t o B ogato (sic] ," Harlan said, "--th t probabl has been
filled-- but a letter ment onin that place-- dated b ck , so
as
ot t o seem rediculous (s c] would ans er my purpose, and
I doubt not be of great servic to en. o en.
57
O ne ~ay or another the .. ethodists bro ht nough
res ure on the admin str ton o th t incoln as a are
o their a it tion. L te n Jul eney C. tne , c 11 n
on t e e s d nt , ov r e ard m e d n
ntleman
c r d ic _ e had
s ,ri ten or an elderl o a s itin . he
ote , addressed to ~ecretar C hase, said that the earer's
reco en at ons ere sat sf ctor an t he ct hat e as
ed the t odist soul b n is or, a t h
.
e 'compl a n ng som e of us .
'
58
om e eeks efore it ad
b en
spered a out
I
shin th
.
r . ncoln ·ould n on
e 'v r
r e t i ht
• • •
to t he cord 1 he rty reco -
e
t ons
of our (t e ethodist] chu c aut or t
59
e
•
57
Si m on, o. ct., Ja es arlan to ~impson,
une 20 , 18 1.
58
andbur, o. ct., I, 310.
59
mpso , .2£. cit., J . • .ars all to Simpson,
.ay 17, 18, 1861 .
340
The entleman who relayed the rumor to Simpson was seeking
a position in an American consulate in Germany or
1
ngland .
60
He was appointed ! The favors were not enough, however, to
satisfy John Lanahan who charged that "the treatment of our
people b this Administration is an open , standing insult
to the Church.' If he could et the other preachers of the
reg on to join him hen ould let
easured terms . "
61
r . Lincoln know it in no
- -
In the early onths of the ar Bishop Simpson d
some of his episcopal collea es, particul rly Bis op es ,
had brol{en the Church's trad t on of aloofness fro pol tics •
. m son , be cause of h s stren th on the pl atfo · , see:n to
h ve ielded a influence n overnmental f irs. ut s
llin fa r s art of t he pinn cle of
ates anship, s of the sort , ch 1 ter provoced
sinte "e t d
ideon
. el es to call him a.
1
sectar an politi
62
•
loq ence s,
a ter all, his province. s for s th t h s C u ch
o .ore d pr sed hi
1
nd it i/ s b this me ns ht e
s· ould
la clai to dist nction n t ser C of his country.
o be ore cons de r n s f ther p litic 1 ctiviti s, t is
necess
serve t
ry to turn to is career on the platfor and the ob-
e ro th of is resti e .
60rb d., ·ust 2, 1861 .
61
rbid . , John anahan to i mpson, [ ove ber, 1861 .
62
orse, .£1?.• cit, III, 8 .
•
C T X
VA1 ELIST OF T OTIS
The address ich Simpson pres nted t the igwam in
Chic o, shortly after the outbreak of the Civil , 'ar ,
1
pro
vided the b se for his famous patriotic orat on, " Our at o al
Con lict ." Ho often he del vered it t the various confer
ences of hi C urch n he years 1861-2 is not recorded , but
t .. _ t he did s ak on the thee s
pre e tat· ons at ock ort, Ind
n t e ormer in ol o e
du ed at Ch C ith a d
t ut 1 V a r
tr
'
T e ddress , a
• • •
e to co , 1 e t earts o
•
OU s, a ter o tho lo
e ovost- rs all to t e ent
s. eeches ad been ve , son,
or .
lt OU h i
t
e h al h
of h
_ o e rs,
f
ev n so r or
ce to the s ech . co
1
Cf., p . 328.
, ctober
-----.--
e to he
r .... l use
m ent on o
t e concl s.J..on or
nd c ted b r port 0
and t. OU s, ssouri.
UC he sa e a preach h
erent co clus on , an
ct t t 1
t e reporter,
all ho he
lt ad b en ad
econ e e , a
too, 'loudl
r en a
r f und
'
mpo
eluded r ..
1861 . is
c encefor
t e address .
rk
r
1 , or
t .
,2
n t d
V el
C 11 d
1
n d
la
s
0
ble 0
t
e 1
bee
t
e
342
declaration that the present conference "had a ri ht to
stand around her altars" and pledge its unalteroble attach
ment to the lorious nion, so beautifully represented in the
l 8g be ore them,' a fla upon hose quartering blazed a
constellation cut with ngel hands from the blue above--to
hose azu e epths no lion could sprin, and no to ering
e le soar--a flag be ing 1th the refulgence of its glori-
ous l i ht, an
gh abode.
azed at by unnumbered ~n el eyes f rom their
nd ye t e as a 'hi her symbol" t n the
... 1 g--it t e cro s--
11
the ro d of our hope--hi her than
the st rs . The cross first, our country next." "Let us,"
aid , "b its b ni n n 1 ences, cultivat lo o our
3
e es h le e love or countr d our "'od.
11
ever 1 r t er full port 0 h s d s, or ri-
a ion 0 t, s l ter d velo ed, re s 11 av 11 l e . nc
it a t e ost amous o sop im_ so
' s
on-p lpit d s-
OU s , it 11 b ro ble to notice t e outstand n
CCC
S 0 t
P e
nt t ons .
versar e cele-
bra · on a
lad lph a, e rly n 186 , 0 th f rst n -
ersar
0 t C r st n Co 0 ro ed B • op S pson
it
o e o he 1 st 1 ortant occ ons for t he delive
0
s pa r ot C ddress . e Co iss on, or zed int
arch 1,
first year o~ the war under the sponsorship of the Youn
.. en's Christian Associ tion, had as its purpose the pro
343
m ot on of "the spiritual good of the soldiers and incidental
ly their intellectual improvement and social and hysical
f t
n4
com or •
ents of the omrnission moved among the sick
and o ded soldiers disbr .utin food nd cloth ng, r tin
letters, handin out bibles, and inqu rin , " Do you enjoy
re i ion • Sometimes res ted b the ilitary men , as
en
. 0
said "T re s ore need of un oder and oats
moral or reli i ruction,
6
t e Comm ssio an s
.0 et eles SU lied n ed . tho e he t of man ne dy
a lie
lo
e t nd
or
0 s
co
0
0
.
•
4
6
,ere
SU lied don the bat le' ed e a '/ ite fl
ov door &nt tote soldier a place or r fr sh-
se v ce , ea or r tin
e
nd
0
e ands ·e r a ,
, n al as , of co
7
C nt .
s d to s
co n, to
0 0 o, nd
es ord od s ,
£_ 1850 (
• • tterfield,
torz . n ·£ , n. •
odes, o. cit., V, 262 .
ho
rs
r
p 0
mp
, perha o r recre t 0
p 1 for t e trea nt
, an oas for s ir ual
r B s op .c lv e 0
of
-
e or t v. ,
•
s spl n d
ny,
7
charles arleton Co f n , our e rs of
( oston: ic or iel s, 1866), pp . 326-7.
,
344
occas on for an orator. A half hour of power and honor .,
0
\rote Bishop Janes, who was on the committee for arrange-
m ents .
"The largest hall in the city will be en ged
• • •
xpenses pa d . Do not fail me this t me ."
8
Simpson at
fj rst demurred , but a ter much urging on the part of Janes
he at
last
1
ver reluctantly agreed to stay.'
9
The cadem of us c au tor um, in 1 del hi ,
ias cro ded or the eel bration . e e ercises be~an at
7:30 • m ., ' th eor e • Stua t, c a an o th hrist an
Go ssion , p r s d ng, nd a 1 r number o o ic rs d
di
1 t ,rie on the lat 0
•
ot 11 o · the sea rs invited
d co e., but three e e v . r. att r on of
r
C
e t, e
o en n re s , Colo 1 0 .o ,J ,
o~ e er br efl , d S pson e th co C U
r s . t r
.
, as so o ca t t
on o ud nc d p es 1 k , n h s
dre s bl s e e ens el th 1 del h a
e efer e t 0 to t e u ua C r cte
ce of t n , nd e. co tinu d t
tr
cal
~
ce ca11·n oll of ho e or
o ·
re
t .
"
· en look ov r th se .bl
It
s d , ,
8
atthe . S . anes to son ,
" uary 10, 186 •
2 , 1
i mp on to 1 r . llen 4• 1m on , nu y 1,
lO he hiladel ia ress, anuary
7
0, 186 . uc eedin
re ·erences re tot is source unles s other ise noted .
d
10
•
345
"I .lmos t involuntarily ask, fuo are here?tt
I see the milit ry officer from his command in the army;
I see the Commodore from his command in the nevy; I see
here the Chief Justice from his bench; I see here one
ho formerly r ced -our Chair of tate; the merchant
is here f rom his countin -room; and the professional
man is ere f rom is off' ce; and here , min lin 1th
all these , re youth and beauty , m tron nd maid n; and
a.mon us , the soldi rs themselves, ho , partially dis-
abled , re takin little rest fro the fati ues of ar.
" ihy re e here ." he next nquired, and then ade
ans er n th r ph c techn ques so popular n our o day .
e ere here , he s d, " b caus o t e terest felt n those
on t e b 1 f ld." h ust be ro ad t rel ious
re d an ral ious instr ct on , 1th med cines , clot n,
0
a
s ,
ude oft
0
0 ,
1 c d
b r .
on .
or
• • •
11 o
roo 1
b r
er, h
for sue
•
, 0
C
n
flt 1 os o o essed
'
e a
I all n n
o to , of h d h
nd
•
0
t h
d
1 1 0
C 0 a 1,
o 1 e c d t
t o pro os
..,o u e
the en of ins ruct on
Co
B t he Co 0
0 1 t 1 C ' res to S C 0 onl ,
o m y
her. t s d h on und d t ou d
en
a n t 1 sic
ne hundred
o be ring arms in th
n cam ad in ho it 1 .
d '
.o e t h n 11 the
hole cit of ladelp a t
n C le
f e rry
u b nd,
ft er , and son ro n o ears o anhood , in
e
ole c ty , ere 1 n s i c ·n os itals, the ould not
,
346
make th number o those sick, sc attered all over the land.
But heh d hopes oft e success of the Commission nd
i t s enl r ed projects because o "the sym ath ,hich ts
obj ect
ve n almost ever f
1 , and in almost every
boso • " It ad been h s lot to tr vel ext ens vely, and he
had noticed , he sad, from ee
o t os e n h s con e t o
o ee , that . ore ad more
re' b te in lac ."
0
as t s ever "r i n d d th t f r nds h e lost r ends , and
re ou n 1th a sorro ht not n c n
1 ev te bu t
the service of
consol t·o s h s f r end s i d
e r countr •
I t s o n cess r to ef r to son s h t ·ork
0 on o ld b s cc s ful . r ot un er
o 1 on, e a s k d,
r not o 1
ed n ront o
o t oni
·ot o e 1 s d soon re ch a t t C
, e udi C
t . t
o e ot on
t n es, t e b h o s p t h e
on •
rom this t er -t cal e nni , e turned to
e cen r 1 t h e ·s of discour e, t e proposition tat
347
0
the Lord God Omnioptent reigneth," that God was "working
out some great wise purposes in all t e movements of men,
• • •
tt
This was and in all the combinations of evil men
the t eme of is oration as ordinarily presented . Thus far
te d concerned h i mself 1th adaptation to the p rt cular
aud ence and occasion, 1th materials especially desi ned
fo th t purpose . o he turned to one of th ost h hly
respected and popul r bel efs of his day. Devout men of the
·o th solennly declared t--the orkin s of th reat rovi-
dence- - and reli ous peo le of the outh placed their r -
11
i c upon it.
never h nd , t spea er aid , e could see "the
· d · c t ons o rov dence •
11
T ere had ee " tr n co in-
ons o circumstances preced n and connected" it the
di co r o he es er orld: the discover of the a
0 nt , of unpo der, h e t on of sc enc of
.. V
ton , 1 0 le r n he chools and colle e
t .. d be t e or in of ro dence 0 ·o 1 someday
a open e t rn orld and stre c OU to r C
a
0 ula on ich ould ke t he 'land of he fr e,
e
0 of th brav
•
' '
e sa other "str n C vi ie
11
ranc s Butler S mkins c;;nd atton,
d
•
o n n of the Confederacz ( cbmond a York : Garett
.a sie, nc., 19 6), pp . 4-35; ames F. slin , 4 en and
n s __ n C vil .. · r s ( ·e ,, York: a ton & ra ns , 189 ) ,
source cite e am les o perso so both side
conflict o strongly held to the po ular belief in
348
and stran e comb nations•--th e Government 's send n out its
ise men to explore bays and rivers, and make charts of the
coast s nunder the influence of some great idea of prepar-
at ion ."
'ithout it, hat could the ships and vessels of ar
have done in their blockading expeditions?
Should e look a in e could see "God's hand of
re aration' in t e m teri 1 Vi orld. " e has just stretched
out h s and nd 11 ted o f the co erin rom the silver
cso o mounta ns in he ev d rr tory . Some ere
s n , ht ft nat ona ebt ncreases? e as no
nc al jan, ut e ad th s to s , that if
r
our countr su v t
co es o po r t , .
o ta ns to ...
e o h to 1 ne
d all t s s , n
r turn 1 er n
, s a e t
d ad sked
to four 0 t
not o mone., h in s
s lor an sol b oney
e r dee ~ o ever vessel ,
e solders on heir
o r ron onest
d be
self , " ih
C. n
e n
r cultural
11 t
C e
?
• • ••
V r an ee e to e nve t lou h,
or
r 111 C e , or a e per , or som n els to
sb nd 1 bor . e coul no un rt d 1 , a t t e
C
t c e--"t e o
· el s • and d not od
e er been ble to e e
e left t
nus t es
oldiers .
r lou s nd t ir
pl m nt , h d
d so conti ued: he sa God · n the build n of
ra 1 roads , o t at t e e t , ch had direct d all its
r de on he r ver , a s ble n h our o er sis to send
349
its produce to the astern cities; he saw G od in the simple
matter of the sewing machine, the invention hich had multi
lied t e po ·ers of men by tens and hundreds; he saw with
...
a new realization the m port nee o the revival of 1858 which
had resulted in the spread of the oung en's Christian
s ociation. It e nt that ore rel ous books ere pub-
1 shed, more tr cts distr buted , it took men from their
deno inations nd tu ht them to ork to ether, t nduced
ymen to carr el on into theirs ops and countin
ooms, 'and hen th re t trial ca e.
• •
e
arsh lled an read , a full re iment , n the no 1
t s Co iss o • '
d so, ter dev lo in i f or te th m ,
e all
ork of
V
_ e co e o
i riotic ad res, e et ed to he occ son
nd e s ec 1 o as s ned im, th or of the C ri t n
..,o
0
•
e rized t e ork , sai , not only because
i h ro idenc 0 od , but b c use of thee ect
t
t av u on th so rs . ·o ld rs ect t em-
el e
h felt a t e es 0 e V tuous a od"
U'r'\On
t e old ers e
"
llo d to 1 e
0 -
•
sa"{ n , de
tut 0 s t , n te ta.t 0 , an nd
t '10 l d b no ond r t t e -
0 's nk
.
v ce . "
...
u n t r 1 ne they ere 0 , ,
an els n hum n fo , i he e t at all t dies
0
he
1 nd , d n f o th b nc nd b r , d co n ,
350
room, and places of responsibi lity, are all cheering them
on," t he woul d respect themselves , and r i se to nobler deeds
t t an eve r , they would take t heir weapons anew and "go forward ,
boundi ng ove r forts , leapin over ramparts , sc attering the
enem y before them .
• •
n
And then , when the s e m en return ,
t hey w i ll com e back nnot a s a curse to us , n but ttthey will
come ith Chri stian he rts nd s ym at hies . '
His i nd as exulted , also , in t h e thought that by
su portin the C rist an Commission ' ~e r e provi our
C stian ty in the eyes of the orld . ' n the r itin s
of infidel i t tee ~ere some t imes d i scussions about umani-
tari ni bout amel i o rat i ng the co dit i on o the human
am 1 , ' there 'ere c ar es a nst rs ant s a
"do t c 1 , controver ial , s e cul t ve el ion ' i c as
l ect ul o "the ants and necessities of an . But i n
eld e our of the at i o ' dar ess o ent to the
to
ster t o the sol d i r. · as t e inf del t h re? o,
. 12
s r .
ut r st ant s e ped o t" n all er nobleness
a d b aut y t Yes , s i r , r i t anit is stil oun , ' e a d .
pe
•
t o h ne rl t 10 t ous d e rs r upon her , he e s
o r nkle on h e bro , no stoop n er form • he lustre
has not on fro h r eye· s e s eps upon t mount n-
op dover v lleys, dro pi n comforts d consolat ons
:nto the c p of he sol ier , s ell as upon the churches
of t he 1 v i ng od ; and i t i s in such scenes a these th t
12
e ' i r
1
a t e orm o ~ddr ess adopt e b the
er , a d rect di pr ent r shion to the chair-
351
Christianity is vindicating herself to be , as she is , t~e
child o God , the messen ·ers of mercy to men .
This hi h development of the Christian church had come
0
1 i a free country where church and st te ere disunited .
ever before , in ranee , or Germany,
11
or even in old n land
in all its glory, " had there been "a Christian Commission to
attend to the wants of a Christi n army . " This high develop-
.,.,ent of th church had been "reserved or ristian eric ,
·he e Chu ch nd St te re d.sunited, e · t e t te ives
t ne C urc le al ro ect on, d e e s e s les upon t e
t te n turn . "
e s re y no for is roration, a d e C 0 , as
.e ha on some o t e e rli r occ s ons, d she 10 1 o ten
t e t es to co e, to el e a tr ut to t e fl
•
y r, i t 1 0 ours ver to lot? re
those tars of er to d a a . o sir1.
ou e er tho t no nat on on ear d
cl ster of s on ts fl t 1 h pre -
4
r d ts fla . S 0 on ,
lo e t r, ut ne r com n . 0 0
t C t or it. I c not 1 1 C •
,
but I h bou t our old f r look d
u io od. h a clouds• but t
C OU nto t clear stars n n the
..
told , h ncident of hp- n t e e , ne r rec
arbor n t e C eer t at C e to h i en, throu h
e bre
i the clouds, e a
. t
one , nd then 0 S r
•
conclud d 1th al ost the den c 1 1 n u e he ha us d
at
t . Louis .
he bishop's speec ad been 'r eatedl p lauded . '
its
conclusion the cha rm n, r . Stuart , e med,
ti
ay
352
G od bless Bishop Simpson." The ''whole congre at ion • re-
sponded with a
0
hearty
en.ul3
The address had , indeed, been admirably adapted to
the p r t cular occasion. Vivid in its content, strong in i ts
emotional appeal, it yet avoided ny tendency to sensational-
ism, an nclinat i on to be maudl n n c aracter .
The favor ble rece ton o the ad ess in
ladelp a
br u '"'"ht r uests ro o co un tis th t Simpso spe
at eir ubl c et n s n b alf o th 0 s on .
e: o these V tion e acce_ ed , t t e em n s of i
o · C ch
e.,..,e
so ea y nd h a p ls for s e V ce so
t t h d to e u n G o
•
uart ,
• •
th C r t
,.,o
ss on, e pre ed to f e
e ret t m son ot 't e po er of b n n or
1 C s t n o e t t e t
'
so t t e i t ro
d elo uenc e u ud 0 a t 0
•
14
• •
arl n e a , 0
of el r mot n ss o t ro
rch and Co tr , be n o or a C t
•
In l, e a 1 o 18 1 he a o e a o r 1 b s
cl
1
mpson , er pboo , un t d ne p er
•
14
b d ., o .
• oarentl fo arded
t e persuas on .
•
0
tu rt to
pson in
eld ,
hope
o emb r 2 , 186 •
at it ould i d
with the af airs of the issionar ociety.
353
e spoke fre-
quently and tr velled much . r ain connect ons ere poor,
tra el conditions difficult . Evanston was too inacessible
from Chicago nd, therefore, t w snot easy for him to et
: 1ome bet ieen tr
•
e snot ell, la ely h felt,
bee use the 1 ke air d s reed it his lungs . Dr . ~v ns
tri d to d ssu de h m from the thou ht of movin , r in
that "the health of the place' s ood, t t t ere 1
o lem onl tha mpson ad ove orked . Te bishop ,
ho ev r , elco ed ove tures from sever 1 ster c es .
. at len t c ose
urc s
e o
od
0
ouse
to
a s of
s n
n in
c r es
t
0
il delp ia re t e
re ted it oh
•
ym no the city
te nth
ne hoe nd bee e tone ct
15
•
es denc son o d t oss 1 to
0 • pr c ed r uentl t t
e ca t 1 c d n
e
on
•
er
,
0
rs, 1 -
er, o
o e
OU
lar e r r t n s d self . In h
d onl on o rs o the
15
eor ,....e •
-~-o~n;.;;. ( e ork:
r , .. r . I.. ncoln
rooks,
arper ~
of
s-;-1
354
sermons preached by the bishop in .~ashington .
16
respect for the spe kin
resident incoln's
bility and pat ot c se v ce of
Bishop impson had so far adv need that, n the summer of
1864, he made of him a sin ular re uest: tat he represent
t he res! ent nd the ton in the openin of th Sanitary
Fair at hiladelphia.
e Un ted t tes Sn tr Commi on , orerunner of
our
een or ized s ortl e r the
be
e ent ed ross, a
. in of t e a r to co t dise e d o !de for the
care o oun ed en. ive o
of 1861,
·t
un ertook h rl 0 1 n
V S t e d cal nd s t r 1 s 0
d o t nti e of up 1 n t en th clot
a 1 notable s co lect on o 0
0 r es ve et bl s n e
~ d
in 18 to lt
CU V
•
he ct 0
nc uppo t
ot
h most succ
of
on s th t o t
or , soon pread to
e
or n ladel h
on
t e 0 0
ell co
s 1 ter
San t r r
.
C ,
ot er lar e C t s .
e C ade for t Co
ay 6, 1865, report n
e Yo Con rence .
t s 0 er-
t e C p
es d ood.
0 S uant t es
de C 0
con d
0 food d
th r s n
n ted b
irs of
m 0 mo
addr ss o
355
t han a million dol~ars.
17
resident Lincoln as to h ve opened the hiladelphia
fair ith an address . It as because of his inability to
18
attend that he requested Bishop Simpson to represent him.
The bisho , at the moment the request came, was at est
oint, attendin the
~oard of Visitors .
nual examinations as member of the
messen er as d spatched to f nd him
a d he im edi t 1 returned
19
ome to pre are the addr ss.
s t is op' s lo uence 1 ell no
tt
tl e 1 delph ,
res s observ d, the resident 111 o dou t e ell repre-
se t ed .
,20
e r s ad of ixteen u 1 , r en es,
DO
s
l
64 ,
...
, 1
17
1
no
ed t
ved
20
cit
rounds, 11 of
o es, o • c t .,
roo
n . d .
u
ren
• •
C ex en
244-
•
s
cence
ec s
d o a t o-m 1
ud to
tter o ' s p d
r
to
,
t
e reque
e ork
n the
te,
.
J.
0
g
t
rom
ho
on, ut ro "n
s openin
r ind ro the
res dent .
ournal, June 9 ,
t.
•
e
356
8
rea . The main buildin as sixty-four feet wide , five
hundred feet lon and had an arch of fifty feet. There was
an art allery, a display of hort cultur 1
m lit ry curiosities, nd many ot er attr ct
onders, of
21
ons .
speaker's stand s erected near the main bu din . Cannons
roared out a salute and ·ayor H nl el vered an ad r ss
o e the fair. Ther follo ed e ere se of p r yer, the
fo al transf r o the u ld n sand th ir contents fro t e
c tive o
t e C
0
ttee tot
s be n ive b
eo le, and
ishop Si
le. a.re, n ov r or urtin o
n s v ral ad res
o, over or
n s lv ia.
2
eec o the sop, repor ed, so e o t e
OS 1 c ous ad ol s d eolo 0 0 s
d 0 , d 0 dl sed
.e n a err s et cro ed t e t onal
d t ·1
0 1
d
e
1 h
ppl uq ,
d
no at p
1
d
to
p ec c
•
succ
n
pso
ncol ,
t ·or
n o
n
mt c cl m
tr st
C t
1 1 for
1 o s , n
t el c o
2
r se ore lo y ould
21
118 el
4
hia 8 , 18 ,
•
22
h 1 d 1 hia e 8
1
1864 .
23
erno OU S rr n
1800-1860· ol . 2,
on o
rk: Ha , nd C n , 192 ,
s .
n
res -
,
35?
no doubt have moved slo ly, outlinin his ar uments carefully
and clearly, and yet probing deeply and unders t andin ·ly into
th he rts of his hearers. It mi ht have been a speech that
men ·woul d h v e remembered, but not one th t rould have
stirred them to ild enthusiasm. 1 e la. er , as tter
of f ct , th es ent vis ted the air nd vas c llc u on,
imp ro t , or re a.
1
s • et lked about the horror of the
·. ar, t e S nit r Comm s on n enevolent 1 ors , he
v ue o the
tr·bu d to t
i s , he ·orth ness of h 0 i re ic con-
co of ick and ound d sold er ,
t e re d i m that h s r ed t 0
at O I t
proo ·n t e volun
r o rces of e n 0 r
ir 0 r o
ence nt of e
e t ho e i on ha s
co tr but onn
o e s ed ,
d to er
r
sop
t he
n t
ch t
d t r r 1 e o uen , o v r , d ne r , n 1
ars , elo
t occ o h r s · e
d
1 c ed ev
c r c e r z d h
e b ho , 0
t e p n
ech.
s lso
rr
,. col a d
orks ( e 1
ton, Loe . ci •
t
e er o h
u
o uct o t
ay, di or
e Centur
C
, br
Co .,
2
a •
o o en
d
run
1894) ,
358
',est, quite as habitually rejected the gilded phrase of
eloquence , but schooled in the emotionalism of the · [ethod
ist pulp t, he kne well the techniques of exactin · from
men their most fervid responses .
ea· in , pparently, 1th imp ssioned e ergy the
spe ker at the very outset of his remarks drew appl use
rom t e cro d s he d tribu e to th absent
26
resident .
e denounced t e peo le of the outh, 'our orme r brethren,
' o -· ve
eat ed t rune ir of freedo
I
but , torn a ay ,
" lerder
ho ad become ear 0 OU con titutional
orms ," t ey had ' sou ht to fo d o ernment hose corner-
one s um 1 V
ry ."
t en in shar contrast , and
0 rapid y to a cl a , e pr s d t e
riends t e non
The
[ ho] r nd h
op,
f ce
or s
u d
star h e
b en torn ,
vs , nd t e ons
e cro d re o dd tot
te 1 t II O -CO nu d
l e lou
of 1 s k ,
le ur br
thi of t
and c rn ofba o e
ed , nd o e o p
st r- n led banner
ally round t la .
reduced o 0 eulo to
d e f' n n ~pp a us • "
e r d d not furt re ploit th res onse ,
r rt st t at s, as full a r th tan ud ence
1 d 1 h a
2
, June 8 , 1864 . esp ech s
-----
rinted , · t h y on s , · n C ro o , o • c 1 t . , p •
9- 39 . ucceed
ot eM se not d .
efer c s .re to the nquirer les
359
sept away b one emotional surge can be suddenly engulfed
in another of a holly different character, nd that ~ 1thout
any sense of the ludicrous . So , he turned immedi tely to
a contemplat on of the woes of war . 'But , alas t
0
he said,
ho man brave men have fallen 1 _ o I man re ounded 1
To-da in c amp , nd in hospit 1, and on the battle-
ield- - p raps t this ver hour--mult pl ed thousands
of husb nds , and brothers , nd sons are ly n mong the
sick and ounded •••• Sh 11 they be left to suffer
and to die ne lected , or shall very attention hich
humanit c~n su est be fre ly g ven them? Th s
uestion ou , 1th others , re ans erin by our
donations by our 1 bors .
r he ppe 1 ust not e labeled t ere der of this e
as too e,ot onal , as r abble-rousin
'
rl
v·n unt 1 e
as re lee d
•
on h er of th
s-- h 1 -
eel venes 0 t ar, he t r d f
e early s 1864, h eav loom
•
C r st d upon
l e eo le , th e ce mov ent
27
, n e.dd to h s a eople
ed to a d e pec t of ot o al xploi tion, n t 11
b r alized h t s r ercised so e res t nt.
n act , t e e
·c
al as short, requ r n
01 ly a
oment or i s pr en on . e u st on ich
p on reposed-- h 1 t e s C d 0 e n acted--
e e
0 ns er b cital 0 t r o rce of e
co
nd th effec ven ss of t e ·or 0 th San·tary
Co
on .
27 . G.
( • C. eath
irst s
ndall,
nd Co :i any
tences, conden 0 of h s
on
oft-re eated ar ument on tm Prov d nee of God, but her
reseted w1t out r ference o ivinity, are m r d for
360
be uty of rhythm nd the c ul tive ff ct of iter tion.
o ur 1 a wonderful land. The government h s call d
for men, and t ey h ve c e from every pl n, nd from
every ountain, nd from ever v a ley, until more tan
a million have stood 1 m rti 1 arr y. Andy tor
h v been son and ga er d; th so nd of th
h er 1 heard in th sho, and th h of machiner
in the f ctori • Our wharv s ar laden th good;
our car are cro d d 1th as nger ; eve y vi l l g
and ton 1 enl rging 1 s limits; our cit tr et
r ull; hol 1 cks are add d o our uildings,
nd still he cro d opul io c es or r oo.
een c or, h co 1 u d, h o n
of th
ha
. o e ha
ov r ,et
e n tax d h
or a.rd 1
V e n e ag r 1 ta n. Th
t n io o all h s e
heir fr
n co or e ound d an
h
0
s
d , cu t, erh , in
or o
of hen ion
r
1
,
1 or ng
bri f, h rp C
te
0
of
y 111 ons o 1
h d u 1 nc
e h o
1r on
u
s r
h
g s bo
no 1
0
m 11 s o
1ng- o n •••
ol ot r,
-
ir
r 1 g e , ( ho) a
1 ing or t
u on long t e in
b
y
oor o l r o • • •
one of
o short
r nee to r 1
e.
d v ry e r • He ha
ri t n a 1
H
•
ad ,
G od
on hie
1
0
the ages m
361
read, that ·reat rongs must terminate in reat
catastrophes; and the people have resolved that, cost hat
it may , the system wh ch could not live ithin the Consti
tution shall die beyond it ." Again the audience ap lauded.
e dre upon a vivid exper ence from h s al fornia
trcvels to heighten thee feet of his tribute to the
hiladelphia fair . On he acific Coast he had seen
a river ta n from ts bed , alf
s des nd its aters distr buted
s des nd pl ns and herever the
found , and t t es e o e er r
nd r thered 1 e er c re, the
t r ver , ere thus t s
f o e hundr ds of p r n s fro
to s • . • • [So 1 t t he
up the ounta n-
11 01 r th 11-
ol n s nds
11 the ne oo,
prec ou p rt cles .
rted, been
ne t tan-
ci s of
r omm s on . ) rs o
tr nd o
·th red
e
all t e littler lls rom co
unt 1 the s elled
. • • ·1 d 1
ro nd fro.
tin f s
nto tr r
a
pp
e i
1
nd love
orn a's
n t e
0 t
•
er c t
,
co t .
0
C , ut ter
e r n
air
e could s
t t tt rr n
,
deep , broa e
re t he n rills
se , t e m
or volumes
et be r
d b ted
d ever k d
r turn 1 d
11
ded
all old sands
addre
r t o
id, h
e pe er
a to
s ed
r ons for the r om
ent e u 1 to es h e
ne er
ced n ct on iace o tee r t h n n
o t e orld . (a pl use] I m "t s it t e s n.--
I .8
d
rs
v e doe v rtuo sly, butt ou he t excelled
362
t hem all .
1
" · n seeking an explanation for the c ty
1
s reat
effort, he alluded to Lee's invasion into Pennsylvani the
summer before .
nd ho th~t remembers the scenes of a year ago,
who th t Jistened for the step of the nvadin ene~y-
~ho th t loo ed or the dev stat n fire thats ould
m" rk his p thway-- ho that held h s breath s ti n s
came , hour b hour, from Gettysburg, can wonder that
.hiladelphia pours out her treasures for those brave
en ho stood as a 1 ving rampart around her?
/uch oft e succes
0
oft e fair ad oft e anitar Com-
.is o · s dene dent u on thee forts of th omen o t e
c·t d nrt on, nd tot em i m on tu ed or hi next
tr bute. _is treatme to this ub ect 1 t ·cal of his
ora ory- -no pil .n 0 adject ves,
rt
e
ve
es, bu ser
•
s
o·
p cture , C
other , t, 1 t e cinema,
ent . c .. ere
0 1 n 0
e
v..i.. th , e,;mon
e s
.d
,
a n
e .
rob
.,: , i .
ort and o
r n
elo
.
no l st n 0 str ct
o id d o clo el u~o ..
t e ve dra tic
s ue e
11
1 e
n
but ,
co 0
t ecomes
, ort r of
1
•
cont nued, t ... en ,
countr r nd it le
t1 ~ s res o s_o t rib te to the
rs .
to Clt er t os e... hu or
363
he swept the great audience alternately from " remendous
Cheers" to the sudden silence of pathos , and then back to
'cheers and lau ·hter" and finall to "tremendous outbursts
of applause , culmin tin in
1th full emphasis . '
28
'tree time s three ,' iven
e had irst e pressed is aith , his bel ef tat in
descr · n the s ~ns o the t me _e cold see t t "the
i t · s a
the or t
n overt e mount in-tops.' her sources of
ere yet und shed let os of th Sout
ere e rin e ust on--its borde s ·er contr ct g , its
vit 1 t a n , us ne f el s of e
open n "--vast terr 0 rorn zon to ro
.,J 1.
or to Color o , unve t eir s 0 bo le s
. al
• • • •
. e t s r f o er our t 0 1 color
1 b e n d old, C s old 11 ever -
· er r ."
g
t t t te evok d e
11 -
e
0 s rs .
'
t on fe ,
'
co -
...
'
or 1 t 1 1 e m t ol , ,
0 epr c 0 n a 1 C s loo roun
,e
bol to , t e l ad ,
eds 0 non , 1 e er nco r no e
2
~he e re brae t ed co u 1 sh d
ort oft e ad ress .
29
ecret r
to ce se f ht i
he ssu nee o f our
h d been ut orized b
, 23 - 4 .
e h ·· P. ned the t on
e d bt re ched another
undred ill on ollars
Con ress . odes, o .
of le al
t
lf
t e
on .
nbacks
428 · ,
364
tender ." The sudden descent to a pun , ho ever inele nt
er tics my re ard t, as enthus ast c 11 cheered and
applauded by the audience.
30
" :e have resources, too , n brave en," the or tor
rnnt on, and hews spe king a ain for brief oment n
the sol
mode . '' Tis true tat m ny of hem sleep in the
dust . yon
k r d S d ick nd rads orth, nd others ,
31
rest i
lory . ut e have heroes st 11 1 vin .'
1 e spe er re , no, to ive s t d nee ,
al
dy ome at r e st ndin, and uch ht u on
tional
b he ex c ses of t our nd t t son o
conflict , the o ortun ty or full e ot o 1 p e s o • 0
a n is end e cob ed tr but un .
a no , om 1 ca r,
is er t t
•
d er) e a 0 do
e ] e a 0 e id
c ouds . hee s] .
u r
e
ost, u r
0 on e e
•
s V n
st [ h , d n
e de o or . e r
t, ro the S 0
r nt o unco ona
ppl u , cu nat n
s r ,
ull e pha ] .
-
Oc
00.rC ,
11 0
e uns , 0
•
s re ro uctio o
•
C t • , p • 3 92-" •
s ech, de es
1
the l:n on k lled in co t. odes
0
•
C
t ., V, 442, 443 .
365
or are the seamen les brave . "allant •oote has
ended his labors , and peace be to his memory . But
orter, Dupont , d Farr~gut still marshal our fleet .
[Cheers] . ur monitors have revolutionized naval war
fare , end h vet u ht the world the value of hearts of
oa in breasts of iron .
But must not delay . The assembly aits to hear
the sound of Cannon from Del are , and to reet the rise
o enns j lvania ' s Curtin . ( eafen n ch ers] .
closed is ddress b dedi c tin · t e tre sures of the fair
in t e na e of the ople nd fo th e efit o the 0 de
ol ers and sailors .
II
od ,
.
his i te ere
re- ,
tore t em to 1 h d to th ir .:.ends d to t eir
co tr
'
ma t e o ors real ze t t
'
t s ore blessed
•
0 t to ece v
' "
T e aud
•
ree c e rs ·e e p o o d
u n b shop . '
h dd ss, n rm r s
S y 0 e C r s
1 hou h uc o
0
ence s outed
t
en 1
e r 't e o-
1 r o t t eel r
son, s ell ada ted
he c n ral rue t
ro t e p
r' opul r ddress o he r, h
0 r ce o t r 1 C ed for h c lar
0
•
le d a 1 t , or s 0 t r!-
on 0 11 C U 1 r t t ot
re
t, or e en n ca t. u n t 0 t e occ on
e Sp
C s ot onl 11 SU d but e 1 r c d
a
ell de gned to cco l sh th ur o of el h enin
... or
the a ses
•
gn cance o t e f r.
366
"Our National Conflict.
0
In the last two years of the
war Simpson w s called upon repe tedly to ive his n :a d
dress .11 Variously styled as" ur ation 1 Confl ct,"" tate
of Country ,
11 11
Future of t e Country', and "The rovidence
o G od s S en in Our lar," the address achieved the de
s re d nd ent usiastic favor o the people . It "swept
1 e
wh rl nd o er th e rts of the] hearers . .en
clenched their h nds, shouted, stamped , tood on their feet,
ere let t th nd
32
n tumult of par ot c e c e-
en •
In _h ladelph a ts del ry ·a repe edly 'in-
terrupted by ursts of nthus
1 us • '
t o ton
t e 1 r est aud ence o t e lee ll e cours lled ttth st
are a and alleri n o remo emp to e r dd e
c had " ot b en surp s s d b 0
t i O o , a 11 co he, e C
r o
r
t e co rse ."
4
ld i t
exc n •
re
a
• • •
e
5
est
ts i
ans
ir , nto c r ct,
d d e c
d o
re de t -1 c ln ,
s ·
ed t e
ecr t r anton, n er o · t
rea d sco
o Con r s
r sen to ear C
11
e er
o h o t nm nd e o t eds-
2
Croo s , op.ct.,
•
78 .
--
.. . ethodist , 1 ov ber 12 , 18 4 .
34 o ton ournal , ____ on , J nary 19 , 186 •
35
crooks , o . ct.,
•
78 .
367
0
36
tin uished divine and or tor. • • On the latter oc-
casion , t he bishop caused considerable me rriment, in which
the .... resident "heart ly partici po.ted," hen , in praising the
self-made character of the leaders of the nation, he re rked
that "some ma have heard that even a rail-splitter ma become
37
president .n the conclus on o the address the res dent
arml con r tulated t e spe ker for the ay he had marked
out t r ss o t e country . " But ," e s
d " • s , op ,
JOU d d not
1
str ke
1
ile.
1
" e bisho ro ised th t,
t ere ft r, h should ot 0 erlook t e ne ·ly di covered ut
re t 0 1 inte t
8
•
robabl e ost si n f C nt and successful p s n-
tat ons o th d re s ve t bur
d _ e
or C t
t e fall o 1864 , t eel ct on c
pa ·
n . t n
Yo S C SC 0 sl rr d it th • o e a OU
so ec upo the vot
•
11 our rends r e t
OU bofor h elec 0
11
rot r oyt , 0 ,
s
t
•
ea i at m o-
e da e ore he ct on] full re-
or
0 e , n t d
6
to as r, u
2 ,
1865
7
oc. C
t .. Croo s, . ,
... .
7
•
8
ohn ton, n ,
• • •
( ~ e
or • Lon ns,
•
Croo , ,
p . 72-
•
re c
ost , is equivalent to speakin
39
to the na t on . t
368
ery probabl the s me politic 1 influence ras intended
or the address at i tts ur h . t le st the cler ·yman 0
had been selected to r side over the eetin suspected th t
trere ere olit i cal im licat ons . i ster of the rotes-
tant isco al Church , he ad not demonstr ted uc sympath
t e orth dur n t e f ct hich he e la ned o it
th b t t e c urc ou ht ot to eddle in polit cs .
t e ot er d, as r er d 1 no t t s . 0
..
· .as a .1 e u n, stron s for ad
n-
s rat on . cha rm , her for , 1 d 0 he aud -
enc , a t e r er n a or res , t a
d e e 0 re d 0 t e t 1 een
s u e t b s 0 be o h s 00 be V O r d
0 1 ot of
'
ol
'
4
h nt roduc d
•
er ul r nd e ecte result
•
s d
r used b e 1 C on h 0 e d
C C er o ub
·c
u nc
•
s in
0 , sa n e 0
of p 0 r et 0 t l a 0
b.
ct u on C
Croo C n 0
0 , 11
p t 0 C
e , C
unt 1 ~ .ov
r
7 ,
4oc .
t
n's r t r C 1
ph, n te, 78 : 6 , 22 , 1 11 .
369
he as about to speak, and his conception of what was due
to the audience .u
4
l
t as app rent from the outset that
t · e i cident h d" rofoundly stirredn the s eaker and keyed
hi to his best effort . e hi self said afterv. rd that he
had never spoken wit1 more "liber y .
0 42
C
s
0
I
•
0
The s eaker ' o e
sch r •e of emot on vh c
e 1 r st in i sburgh ,
, th eve e t d
ed . e 1 es r
res onse was but a cu for the
rs to follo 1. Concert all ,
d een illed t an earl
11 a 1 le sta d n room oc-
n t e ller nd in e fe
ts on th floor , the men too , cro de
'
0 t e
n 'loor an sl s 0 he lJer , a d sa
t
e . 43
or t 0 n one-h 1 0 r th a di nc 1 s e d 1th
re 1 s e t 0
I
_or eq e t n rru ons. ,
"lou nd rotr ct 8 1
e . n4
t
,a
rou 0 t
see for a er-- 0 u u ed ce , m 1 ,
...
ee
n at tent on , ee n
·nto s ence al 0 t
a n 0 1 e , 0 re
.
e
•
• •
0 e or t 0 ht t t t e .o e 0 cl
41
t r 1, cto r 19 , 1864 h,
Ct .
42
t 0 cit .
'
•
43
ur h C 0 r 19 , 864 .
44
m t 0 cit ., C ing es it , itt bur h ,
• • •
t an .dvocate, c ober 22 , 1864 .
3'70
ca e when t e speaker g ve h s tribute to the flag; the
audience , he said , was in a "deliri of enthusiasm . "
45
But
another tho ht that the high point ca.me a moment later rhen ,
after the applause had subsided, th bishop resorted to his
favorite un on Grant . The statement ras follo ed momenta
rily wit a sl ht ap lause, but hen the udience cau ·ht t e
s ni cance of the pl on ~ords "tha as e point ich
tested th tab lit - of roo and bu ldin
n46
t the
• • •
co clus on o th dre s th audience gave three chee s for
t e fl nd hree for ishop Simpson .
47
'
llo· to me con-
t 1 te OU on our tr ,..h nt
•
success,
tr
rrote n
d
.
rer 0 d co e in rom 1 nee, .io , to hear ,
C ood C d or o r countr ' ~ ... cau e .
,48
n e or C t -, f V d s be or t e elect on,
e rl e t ous eo 1 , "o e o e 1 est ud nces
er e Il OU C , cro d nto t e C d of
. sic 1 0
o e t e e
e ud toriurn
45
46
oc . cit .
47
ittsbur
48
s1mp on,
c ober 18, 18
49 ~
6 or
•
e lectur
49
or tha hour
•
ounced or t e 1 cure, ev ry s ce
a d a h
., reds
re urned
so ' Gr at ctur , "
te, 78.2~, une 29 , 1 11.
----
azette, October 1, 1864.
• r •
rts orn to S , pso ,
o ember ... , 1864 .
in
ewa .
50
371
he address as given in the two cities was sub-
stantially the same, but since fuller reports of the ew
~rk present ation remain, the account of the speech will
be taken rom th t occasion .
The add ess Vias in the epic mode , a narrctive o the
·reatness of the erican n ton. I t s a paeon of raise,
a canto triumph, broken only b th he vy ntiphonal
response of the :orship ers. It s an ant em of the
eop e h c ros
C
o t e brazen cl actic t
51
t out erica . '
e, 'God
ot a ford to co
n t e o en oment hes eak r es t abl .shed is
oi to vie
•
n ese extr ordi r t es, th
•t e
e rt 0 the t 0 st r d b e see es 0 t r t
confl ct ,
t .
t bu o e est on on V ry ton u
'
t ,
11 t e end o thee th n s b 'i a con den 0
t • 0 ·ho r 1 s on 0 s nd o e
•
one
s
all th s on 0 s rovi-
ence nd ... 1 si n r
n t 0
52
•
s for ... lf, t
50 e
4 , 1864 .
entenc , app r
1 n denom n ted "t ...
Carl andbur , braham
ork: arcourt, r Co
t e ;..) turda-
52
0
e
h es o r
f
old
_ r s
,
ournal , ove ber
t
nee
e ork Dail
0 • Ct ., pp . 379-82
ucceed n references
ise noted .
ribune, ovember 7 , 1864; Crooks ,
a a art o the ribune account .
ill be to the r b e unless other-
n
3'72
stand far above all party dialect; I have no epithets for
an of my fellow citizens,' and as for the country, n e are
sailin in the great sh ip of St te, and we are to be led by
the ship Constitution our fatl1ers formed, and I believe the
olds ip will et ride among the breakers, and by and by , in
spite of all dan ers, shall be safely moored in the haven of
eace ad prosperit ." e aud ence res ponded 1th
1
reat
appl use" ad the emot anal tone of the ddress as set .
e could see four poss 1 results of th confl ct :
then ton fall prey to so e o e gn
o er · seco , t t nat on ht e v ded · ir ,
re ed , ut , th ts nst ut ons over ro
nd thos o the out est 1 bed · , n fo rt _, t n ton
V ed t OU tis~ er ode 1
1
ur r, ton er d ore lor ous
e r b
'
or . e audience a_ lauded
oul cor.ie out o
d or us ful than
d rene ed he a -
n he sad s o n sa th t
be · v th
o r po nt] st e de 1 n of
rov d nc to sec rea re ult,'
e oceeded, ten , to e lo i arum t, dr n
upon is res n and re lect on o he ears or . s roo .
rst , ould he nat on fal pre to fore · n po er. He
t
,
rec t d the torie o v e nc hoe c , reece ,
om , all of . ch_ ad endured ore t n ,... c ntury , he told
o th ad entur s of olumbus n the scov r of the lon -
3'73
hidden continent - -ho the prows of his ships ere pointed
to the est Indies , and the reat land area reserved for
the n lish and the settlers in se rch of a lace to orship
G od . In all this ·as th hand of rovi dence . ould God
ave allo ed other re t countries to endure so lon and this
one "to o don in ruins in sos ort a period," unless
1
we
have ••• disobeyed is las more than an other nat on?"
nd s no th s co iscovered and settl d n a manner
to su et t od ad t n ed th s n ton to ork out
re ter et n e than other nat on .
'ut st n o ulf lled its rest ork?' h
a ed . nd n ns er to
e e ce of n ton 1 re
se ered c urc an t te .
t t of an 0
h q estio e s mbled th
ness . or o e th n, th d
s educ o a sup r or to
t ad not only tu ht the
a se , ut ot er 0 t e co n en r-
at on nd t ed th m to educ e "a r nd r c o
0
0
II
•
ce:
It
T
e poor hostl r
nry Cl ,
opened he
lest c n- o
or all to r·s
ma 1 a.do r
·n
he en te .
11 bo 0 t e l ashes a
ackson t
a
c ·1d o p or Ir sh
er t t even a r 1-
ren s (ap 1
term~
as no
1 u e]
e] n
become
he
nd
ome
dent . ' very e sen enc s th
un 1 the re erence to L ncoln
udiences h d app uded,
ic b ou h from t em
'tremendous a p u d c eer . '
374
There was another destiny for this nation: it was an
"asylum for all the nat ons of the earth." There ere
0
broad acres or them to cultivate, schools for the r child
ren , and churches for themselves, and a Const tut on broad
enou h, thank od, and strong enou h for all the orld to
stand u on it." The audience applauded and the bishop
moved to his old manifesto and t e conclus on of the firs t
po nt .
ttThis nation h s the s pa h 0 them s s 11 ov
orld , an f t e orld is to b elev ted and ais d to
proper pl ce
11
he ould sa
'
it all re r nee , Goa C , ,
a ford to do ithout er c
t
•
e second ropos io, tl to d d n 0 co -
eder c e, h ri culed. h u est·on u pr sed h m.
es e ed oh v ed up 0 ne tate of
•
'
e a
de t
•
b o e e
h cot· ent
ar 'not ln b t
snot 1 re e ou
nifest
or u · ·e
er s ned to s read o r 11 r 1 er c • ·e
a e Cuba.
•
no
e ce led er soul th i e.
•
t · en the , no
II
rer t n tur 1 1
r the
ts
nnot
n y
t
ere
o mount n c in
ar s
11
o sear te t ,
•
t e re to d d tall
"O ld be nt o e r 1
tted to o, t e ior
r c e • If e ou h ere
pe
e oul nt t co federac ,
ad t n the c fie Co'st old
11
t or t e lves
11
,
375
and the ould lose 'all t h t gold-bearing country .
1
" I
will t ell you here today, " h e shouted , " I ioul d not ive one
cent on t he dolla r f or our at ional 11 bil tie s if ou allo
one s i n le div d i n 1 ne to be run t hrou;h or n t on f rom
t .. e A t l ntic t o the ac f ie." e audience a reed it "loud
cheers ."
n
, r ue .. 0
d enre c te
r· "
,
...
the be t blood of
e sa d ,
1
t s
.
our n~ _.on
a s
0 bly , 11 mo s en thee r h .
t
• •
to
•
e t e and nt o tt ct 0 s , 1
reat r str 1 la t e
de 1 r n , n ere s 11 be
out 11 t e oener 0 S to co e .
'
t t e dark i c ure ,
•
C s sli d
ay tte no t 0
- e
ty ear
to 0 e a e .
I
terri let · n . •
flo ·ed ,
..
an ore,
ut t e ~ere
t er ould co
00 0 our c ldren
n 1
· :11e
e 00
r , et e co 1
nd pe ce t
as re t tre en ous 1 u , r -
ut e
. S ot h OU
, and .-oud c
he o t •
so
e ce
d t
1
a
o rest fro o
o • h ers .
re ed o
Bull , t
r e ?
feet- - ' ··e re
0
t It U
•
to
sun ,
376
on the north b the urora Borealis , on the est by
the procession of the qu noxes , and on the south by
the a o Jud ent . [ pplause].
Te third proposition--the ex ect tion that t e Sout
should succeed in overthrori the inst tut on of the
overnment--the speaker d smissed ·th bri f ,,_ ord . here
e ai ed but one o the enumer te four possib lities--
that "the
r der ,
on should] e ere out of th s contest urer,
more alor·o st an ver f o e." The outh
bee re r
,a
loo 1
h co i
or r or
aerie o
th rs , e s
t ro e C
t the it b c e e den th t rod '
victor .
u
d
e e e t t le e dences o pro
e t 1
e
V
el r
1
0
t er t r
e
00
· s the roubl
0
n t t
1 e e
t r
a
t
d co
e r
t
r,
r C
t t e nn
·s ·o
0 h
1 d
' •
0 to
ry
ut
r C
0
er
ter-
,
en , t ... er..., ro ent 1 rat on fro n 1 nd,
t e
ot o
n s ,
rs b o e, of 0 en
s e bout run n ve
d out ron-clad on o s . '
1 t ot
e cured
377
a few sentences· the battle of the i1oni tor and the 1v errimac,
and the retreat of the latter to her own port .
The echoes of that shot [from the r,.onitor] ent across
the aters and shook the thrones of n land and France
loud cheers] and this day ) OU o e the safet of your
sh ppin in the harbor of le - ork to th t stran e
train of c rcumstances ••• Forei n nat ons d red
not intervene since . Let the send the i r ooden ~alls
over here , and e will batter t e n pieces ith our
ron cl d v ssels . (loud cheer J.
he story of the prov dential c uisit on of Cal fo ia
an the discovery of old d silver 1th so e
det 1 , th id , d scribi
tol
"the alth
errin oft e ines throu c h d ravelled,
0 't e 1 calc lable 'v6 lt to e t k n 0 t m.
e P
id but to tl ro s of t e ar , C 11 · n ,
d don or , r n n , 0 b n , C t ae
0 e C , d end n t e 0
e P
on t e r er
b en r 1 it r
he pr on
'
ar t C lo er 1 ry
e co s e 1 d
'
rou ht 1 u e r ,
er , bu t e 0 ' lo C e t
la s
t
e e r co a V C C a ee
de:
the tr ct of ol bi as b n de free-- d
,ee r , on 1 t u sday the s s ros
or h t me on ous ree t t of
land .
.
st ir rock home n a , ro r C 0 S
he s outs o freedo on r 0 ta n s des .
... e reve led his o a eeme h ncoln ' s ol c and h s
ds
lack of s path 11th t bol t on sts n e assert on that
378
this war ou ht not be carried on for the purpose of
dest royin Slavery, or for any ot er purpose but for
the sim~le purpose of restorinG the authorit y of our
Government . T tis the only object f or which this
war should be a.ed . But f , ~ile we are str k ng
blows a t this ebellion, Slavery will co e and stick
its bl ck he between us and th eb~ls , then let it
perish alon with them. ( pplause].
To llu tr te hat e e nt , reveal t the same time
his own poiitical theory-- w ich placed the st tesman of
c u-c or nation but very 1 ttle n av nee oft e peopl
e chose his vorite illustr o o the alv ic battery .
Th
a
t s se d to
some ht the elec
b cont ""ct:
el t co e
o e , elt n
1 m n cles
nacles all f
1 s o t
t s
tic . '
t e co cu s on of m· nd resembl s
fl d , for ts ems to ncre se
oles o batt r co.et ~e t er ,
en , sot e publ cop non ro s
t co es bet ee • Is ea 1 r
eltin 11 t len th ••• the
11 fro ill of men .
ua · nc
.
n r s o
o t ·s _11 s ton
11 on , nd hold b done 't
he ,
or t e t r e
i t e op 0 t n 0 0 f C
0
a
t e
e 11
soc
nd t
C ty
•
1
or
t to civ lizat o ad
d 1 v
or o
to tetro
nt 0
al
1
1
of
0
V b
e h e
,
co .
e s
n
b rt . nee e
ol h d, 1 t be
ad le
h t
11 on
t
5
e n p id
verely er t
re
f s
0 , he ejud nst color ,
r · ae te s e r n s
• •
Dear ot rho could OU t
n luenc pr jud ce
• • • •
m son ,
s . c. Le 1pson , ove b r 7, 1864 .
'
379
brief tribute to the ne groes for the part they had played in
the conflict.
said ,
"It has been demonstrated n this ar n h e
,
that a blue coa can make a hero even of a sable skin .
he bl ck men have long a o le med to ollo the stars,
they have follo ed the orth Star success lly, and no
it s sown that the c n f ollo as ell as any other
t e tar that are set in ou ~lor ous fl g .
The aud ence cheered l oudl , nd th speaker, ak i n up a
n ar- orn , shot-r ddl d fla , h ch ia s r eted 1th tre-
endous ch er ," e , n h s ous perora on , orten d n
ref ned s ne e th iv rs y oft e Cr st an Comm ss on .
C
Your 55
_ .e ;b rn, d
of or r e
on
But
e
t
lo
ren '
t ke
1 ttl d 0 0
0
his f l g · t .as bee t
d ntiete . bloo
r
0
al ct o d
n s . or
4
s
d al 0 h t 0 colu n r re-
se
but
id p C
54
thi or
ur s nd
~~~rs . rl
fte rnoon t o
1 prised
l ... otted o
0 sp
1 rat o
r
rr
e
ven
0
•
ons o
ute
380
personal experience , apostrophes to the nation ' s achieve-
ments--all of them reduced in the written re ort to one or
to or line summ ries, or at best a par graph, and so ,ere
stripped of the brilliance and color that t e spe ker ve
them. e ise, the pr nted pa e carr d nothin of the
i
oned del very- - her p1d rte of speec, e i te se
co v ction , the hi h yet m lodic vo ce , t er currin in-
5
fleet on 1 rh thm . od rn read rs, fo ful o he
hyster of poli cal co nt on o ootb 11 e,
1 r u r t o ion to ay's an c o-
st C 'rev·val ' n , C n C re co 1 r d t e ct
0 'elo uen
I
s r pon h u ence of e rl
ce r a o .
e lu 0 h dd 0 e C u 0 on
to i col r 1 s r ,
s d.
cul 0
ur , u 1 u t 0 t 0
t
~
nd 0 0 0 an na on occ s 0
"' e
C V , or 1
•
0
t C nd h
56
C OU 0
e r d 1
.. r
11 d
C r n nd n loo .r d pa-
t zers , an , 0 , UC t e 0 1 e
55c
• •
2
56
ccor Crooks
• •
77] son
11
tra elled fro ~O Ct , fro to to ro a
to
, n fro st , 1 d rou t e peo le
up to
th tension o u sm .
I
0 e ce e- ....
ains to s 0 that th I S a
381
any strong support. There had been a mcrked defection in
his ovm arty, ~ith certa n of the radicals sponsor n
~bortive Case- f or-pres dent boom . n July eneral Jubal
• J.:jarly , m k n · a bold raid u on , ·ash n ·t on , defe ted a
ederal division wh ch ad been hastil provised for
defense, and adv ced until he s 'ithin si t o the
r nt ass o chmond, ca itol.
and She r ntl
d by ee n front of
ett n no h re. e people and
t "Uth t s SU er n fro c , uncer a nt r of
t de or .
11
7
n , n n 0 r n cons uenc , p er
oll s ,
t
b c s ' ell 0 t e 0 o nt C the r ,
ce-- t t do11~r .
58
y- e cen 0
t s e on , ul , .or ce -rel , se ze
•
h i c t ion coul be b ne ot t on ,
to
0
•
lla
d 0
d , one
old 11
r 1
57
n
.
he Con d r m· s 0 co 1ze e
r por 0 C n t
•
leto
•
t 0 e C
•
t ce f ort
nvo OU s , a e ch
-
oi , n ot r, ck , t 0
er t 0 t t d r C n .
1 , £._ Ct ., . 5 9 .
or son H nr Steele Comm ger,
ic ( e ork: Oxford
---~---
I
s
0
•
In A u ust a stran e movement developed .
382
l thou h
,incoln had been renominated at th epublican Union ]
Party Convention , an e fort as no made to repl ce him by
ttmore vi orous" c didate . he f ilure of the summer
campai ns , the mount n casualties , the wearines o the
pe o le after three - ears of fi ht 1th no respect of
e ce , the reside t•s br ak ·1th~ 0 art on ar an
reconst ct on ai s , the er tic 1 f nano al status , t
e d for peace , 1 C used t he ubl C n to e r
0 s cc ss t t e :>oll
•
,.r. e ley ro e , r . ncoln
s al d beaten . can ot b elected . d "e ust
a e anot e tic et to sa us fron tter o rthro
' •
sse b
C ~n
co en 1 C re 1 ed a 'c
II
or to e t n t e 1 tter rt o e er
'to co er t e t e oft e n t on n to co ce tr te
e on t on d 0 co n s t
co de ce o
•
he countr
r6
• • •
e De ocr s , nt , t r CO V t 0
a e
.
u st, had on
•
t d 1 or C 1 1 a
• I
a a conces on to th , but 0 le s e
ce s d allo d llan a to rit nto th
plat orm a e and 0 t e ces at o 0 1 tie
' to
t e
59
p ke ,
d
u
• t • , • 619 , C t n
18 •
ree 0 or e
60
r id . , cit n
rork un, un o, 1889 .
383
end that at the earliest possible moment pe ce may be re-
stored on the basis of ederal nion of the tates.
061
n this settin the speech of 1 atthew impson mi ht
be re arded as of great si nificance. It dealt with the
critical issues oft e day--the e ce e fort, the fortunes
o war , the eariness of the people , the natio
1
s f nances ,
the government 's le dership; it struc re t chord of'
aith and triump hich reverber ted in the e rts of the
ere s· it s a an fice t r otic and party e ort .
.... o it . i t b s ed, hat doe it atter the pr sent
eneration mi ht call it fla - . V ng , rabble-rousin , i
bee barr ssed ts bo st n, its e a er t cl s for
·he er can people, ts eempt n 0 God . t s t t
e me r n mazin mount o ar ument r 1
alo ever e ht o th sub t C it ra
a d di C ·ould 0 0 i 1l e pecte 0 C
n ddr s
•
t , be o t uence c be as s ed, ot
rs n d a t 0
•
or o et u 1 c s ier able to e o ce
t e D ocr 1 tor a ad'
on th po le. B 0
0 0
r ort nee
r up
s
t
esent 1 n
he f act tla
ictor
fell to S e a ad ven
h e 11 ar C en eded . e ubl ca
61
Loe. cit .
nt
er
384
abandoned their pl ns for a ne convention, adjustments
were made in the Cabinet , and the dis gruntl d party leaders
found it exped ent to support the President.
Into this Olympus of ·i antic, rulin forces , ~hich
so casually brushed aside the hims and calculat ons of men ,
a patriotic address delivered a half dozen , or even twenty
f ve or thirty t mes , iould s em of no reat consequence .
O occas on public address a r se to full tature n the
affa rs of mankind. spe r, n the drama of polemics,
m cetc the attent o and er st lize t e et et of
·hole eople i nto a decla on o r hts or cast a b ttle
cry or slo an (;;.roun ic · 11 rally--but 0 1 ,hen
t e t e s ri e . 0 ver ell ad ted J.e spec 0
son as to ts 0 he d the p opl
t e u i ence , t s cceed d i ouc in onl s all
erce t 0 ole 0 , a 0 n bout
t nee o del r 0 C tc h t e t on ,
f e n t on of a ole o le . n
r U 1 C ddr s , m u be r e . ered or ts
nee
11
, or t 0 e feet u on r , for
th onor t b 0 t upon th or tor, but not for t f r-
re chin - re ul s n h rs of men .
at Lincoln ' s Gr
•
sho
.
sa
res dent ncoln on . on , t 1/0 d s ter
t1e second i u uration . or t a t d te o ed sim ly ,
in his diary , "Called on :r .
385
62
ncoln . ' The bishop had
been in , ashin ton for the inaugural ceremonies on Saturday
nd to preach on the abbath in the C pitol building . Pr si-
dent and 1 rs. incoln, Secre t ary Stanton , ecretar e ard ,
peaKe r Colfax, Chief Justice Chase , and other public fi ures
ere there to hear hi • nau uration d y had been stormy
and ov rc c.: st , t some r in, but just s resident incoln
d ce- res dent Jo so ste ped o t eir places at the
s entr c o th capitol bu 1 n ,
elled 'an the sun shone br o th
clouds iere dis cene, 1 hting
63
t up it d zli g splendor . " The b shop spoke o t e
doctr so the cross--t e brother ood of an , he equ ty
of races , universal 1 ber , d a co un t
ar , e said , do ce bee the ule o 11
0 nter sts .
s , but it
ad becom e t e e ce on . cold o but n
n ly upon t c e
0 e eppe d
o tho e
of
r on d d
0
s
C OU S
1 OU t a orn n erv c and a rmo,
p o le cl p ed t eir lan s , sta ped
t 1eir h de ch e
S I
, n a pro al o
r feet , d
t e hope he exp
v mpso , 0
•
cit., our al , .... arc 6 , 186 6 .
6
aill
e or 8. C 6 , 1865
4
oc . C t .
65
oc . cit .
e
ed
sed .
65
386
ive weeks lat er, a f t er t he assassination of !r.
,incoln , Simpson hurri ed to ashin ton here , in company
V',ith Secret ary Stanton , he called upon I~,:rs . Lincoln , prayed
ith her , and h eard from her a r cital of the events of the
66
resident ' s last da and the story of h s view oft o
re lections of h sown face n the mirror, one of the 1 vi
, the other of the dead .
67
sk db !rs . L coln to
deliver t e pra er t t e funer 1 services n the Capitol
n t cit for several d s . bu ldin , t e bishop r mane
e th n hurri don to his ·e
re · lect on on the career oft
ork Co rec , d furt er
rea res en , f or rs .
ncoln had sk d h m to deli rte funeral or ton at
Spr n f eld . lt not p tr otic ddress n h m nn r
t t the others r , i no er nse it ·a and , , th re-
'ore , con s red n s sect n .
train be r od 0 t
•
r S1 en o ed
slo rl to s r n d · , C re 0 s ere held i n lt or
1 delph a ,
.,. e
Yo k , C an other c s,
rn
t e
co
n 1 n t te int e C OU 1 n s h un-
e d n cro ds f led by . 0 t 1
..
d i d h funer 1
train reac pr n f eld . e erv c s
.
e set or the
a ternoon o ."ay 4 . t noon e coff n s ken from t e
66
Sm son , o • t ., ou n 1 , nr 1 16 , 1865 · ~he
1 ethodist , . a 6 , 8 cit n imp on' speech at th
1e ork onferenc •
67
oston ost ,
lecture on ncoln
ec embe r 1 , 1865 .
ecember 14 , 1865 , ctn S mps on ' s
ven at r mont ample , oston ,
,
387
capitol buildin, and the procession, hich ·ncluded overnors
from everal st tes , senotors , con ressmen , strte and munici
~al uthorit es , and m 1 tary men , moved tote bur al round.
1 ttle to the eft of the vault , t the foot
0 ....
knoll , s
a nlatfoI'ln for a band end a cho r , d be ond th t the spe
.
er's
...
..,tan
•
_ e dir e
1
as C ant d , se ec or 0 of scr pture
ead , pra r o f red , n h sun
•
he econd
u ur 1
.
s re d . ft r t t n 0 other e ,
so
roC"!e
0 s ea
•
res , d he soc
-
t d es
n
a n the hest tr - ,
ot
n
8
t 11 de V 1 dim- c, ss
es ely co C e the C cl
t 'a C 1 s
.
t C 0 e CCU e 0
e
t '
C r , s 0 0
t e er de ...
•
er
bJ
t s 0 e t s a
1170
0
•
n t b e o lo ·ed , e C
to C t
, ?
72
t
ded , r 0 , c ,
, 7
d 'e nt .
7
0 , 0 u
8
. ssoc te d C 1 , ,
a , 186
69
l n 1 65 . ,
e , 5 , 1 6
•
71
r ell , 0 2 o. . , ,
72.
cola ~ , 0
•
. , ,
•
7
bur 0 C t .,
1 ,z .
,
•
llia et , ethod
C'e he uook oncern , 93
388
The jud ment of the Chic go Tribune that the address
as n c er t cal d onderful.
late res.dent ' s chrracter,'
beer te ana ys s of the
ay ell b sust ned . Clos
s le ~s to the tra c e et , the orator could et look
be eat t1e nation ' s re rnd find tat t e reat mournin
as occasio e not o ly b the deat o a beloved resid nt,
,t b th
es i 1 i ch the 1 iv d • n t s r nc ple,'
exc ted, t rn
~ e s . d , "o t th t f 1 _ our na ures a ee n s , one
o jec
,7
• • •
C e r arous
t s 1 se p r
o so e
ot e ob· ct
t e "eepe t f ct o o our r·t OU some uma
0
r s
e
t e
cou
r .
... or
enc
re
a
•
'
t
0
t OU t d
t
's et , C ter of e n , t
e
t .
b 1
,
1
d
...,
e
con ,
s ere
•
t
0
e and
e ph
1 1 bo
eo 1 '
con
of 0
1 to 1
, nd e
h ti , , •
ar to th s sourc •
r , t e 1 ct
0 0
0
t
d out
t·
e
• • • •
.
th e 1 f ce in r
C 0
n ore ort i
s
or
0
t -
389
fication with the heart of the reat people , underst nding
t eir feel i ng , bee use hews one of them, and connected
v, th them in their movements and life . n
Tis reatness rested
on the
ental c
aracteristics
of
" a quick and
ready per-
c pt on
of cts ,
• • •
memory
usu lly
ten cious and
ret
ntiv
log 1 urn o
.
d , h ch follo
ed stern-
• • •
C
mi
ly
nd un
verin ly e e y 1 nk i h C n o
t:t,ou t
• • •
T er
ere
nds "1110 r co pre ens e n their co , "but e
doubt d h t
e e
d er en
'
n ho co ld follo ,
ste b step ,
T th mo lo
C 1 po v , the o nts
j. ch h
ed to
llustr
e . "
d
.
s me s s
e
o, J.
1 d to perc V
'
e d
rectne
nd s 1 C
0 h s
le
• • •
C
s so po er 1
nfl ence
t
0
s n 0 , n
C sh 11 , 0
s 0 co , 1 nc
e de
of hu n
It
s no , 0
,
r co
nu , C 1
rou
nta
n s C co ol
nd .
or
V
-e
co 0 0
co n
n 0
0
ld to
uid ce .
n
0
1 or or 1 0
C
t a
' s
s all
be p re u
•
re h
acts.
c lled abl
co nsellors
rouna
• • •
o e
able
er ls
n o
th ·e1 , ut]
• • •
t re t C of
e
ch e an ,
0
,,h C al
t on
ter
s
all
molde r is h
.
fre do 0
ce .
t
a
0 ..l
V n
390
The s e prop osit ons were c reful ly embe l l shed by
inc dent nd compc r ison f rom ancient and odern history .
ccasionall y the speaker bec ame gr hie in his p ctori 1
represent to s , no and then be s t r uck the rhyt ic chant
of a people in rief :
ears f l l ed t ee es of anly unburnt fac s. Stron
en , s t clasped t e hands of e i r fr ends , 'ler
unabl to d ve. or t ir e n .o .en
and 1 tt l i ldren up t t e r
t rou ht nd , el i T
na io sto 11 et ir plo he
d d nd o b um
o ton
ro o c d
ce t so d h
us s clos t
ld more ro
S SU tote v b r
city st e bo 0
,
h
C
er
d
d .
es dent la n t e . 0 e r
(Ch
s ulo C 1 d t eolo c 1 r n of
•
,
ncol '
to
1 d rs ve , or cone
t
1 ss
e
77
e
76 e
0
77
id.,
t
0 0
d r b
m s 0
n r s , 1 V
d rom 1 or or u
ld , r 1 20 , 1 6 •
r 1 2o , 186
as
ork
o r
t
79
bu
78
Ph llip Brook, Abrah
cago: Home ood ubl h n Cop
coln, Addres
y, n.d.), pp.
- -
79
e Yor Herald,
pril 20 to ay , 1 865
7
t
d
an no
a no
391
one o the bi shop ' s reat spe e ches . It had not the
r hythmical sweep of Bancroft ' s eulogy , the catholicity of
hillips Brooks ' sermon , or the majestyand beauty of enr
80
ard Beec er ' s eulo d elivered in Brooklyn .
ulogy as not the medi um f or S pson ' re t triumphs .
pe ople bo ed in rief d i d not af f ord im an opportunity
to scend to ei hts 0 f t h a d victory . i s va el ic al
conce 0 rel gion- - an must b
IS
ved" t o b isti
--
id ot p t o e 1 e h r t tr ph t
1 0 e b d n ope" 0 t e 1 te rs ae t . roo s
h e n of od 'I 0 ' f d us ·it
r veren nd r 1
on n
'
nd t cal l
h a sa i nt d sou
'
oh d , 'inde d , red h 0
. s
I
2
1 .d , h 1 e y t on m re
I
but so st
ond r 0 is 'r 1 p
"
n
b 1 d r t t v or o s , nd I e
s C to r 1 o h
t C 1 0 1 0
I
an
•
a
1 0 ch c er o col
I
0
rt C 1 0 r c ple , cl s
r St Os , mor r n s 1 0 , S 0 , ho -
V r t o ar -ue , 0 r C d t ls n
roo.,. o
s prop-
80
nry
and En land .
81
r '
roo , o .
h r ,
ham L
, pp . 701-12 .
8
2
eecher, o • cit., • 70
erica
,
d
s
osition . Beecher
392
thered up the sorrows of then tion in
an oratorical ele y remarkable for its universality, but
impson , lackin · the )race of eneraliz tion , particularized
t1e rrief in a vivid picture of friends expectin · to take
t e departed pres·dent 'b· the and , nd to feel t e arm
rasp
. on
hie
ou.
OU
• •
elt
But
n other days , d to se€ t e tall form
s never erm tted to return "until
he c me ith li s mute and sil n , is frame e cof ned , and
ee n natio fol 0 n s h s ourn s .
n
B ec r, 1
no C n e V 1 0 r , ound ol ce n co sel
n he od r t 0 and m re of he 1 ader ,
but~
m son ,
re a n the 0 s of con n u ural C
to rds none, t C t u t
11 p
nf 1 dut
"
0 cal der ,
•
0 C t
t
•
0
• •
r r
n o n o
ro t
C 1 to !/0
'be
1
b o
0
tes n
o spe
p
e b
0 co
0
t ,
to
0 1
th
d 0 C
0
nd
V .. d
1 ood, o e er , the
0 ra e o s countr
r s -
d
11
d
Sp r ,
t fu u
•
e err tu
nd ts la ,
d
393
a final , poetic tr bute to the mart red president :
Chie tain , re~ ell ! · e n tion mourns thee . ilothers
shall tech thy name to their lispin ~ children . The
out of our land shall emul te th virtues . tates
men shall study t hy record , and rom it learn the
lessons of is om . ute t ou h th 1 ps be , yet they
stills eak . lushed is thy voice , but its echoes of
libert re rin n · t~rouLh the· orl , and the sons
o bondate 1st n 1th jo • r soned t hou art in
dent , and et t ou art m rch n abroad , nd cha·ns and
m nacles re burstin at thy touc • ou didst fall
not 1or t s lf . The ss ss n h d no ha e for thee .
ur earts ere 1 d at · our nat onal lif s sou ht .
e cro m the s our artJr, and w n·ty nthrones
tee er tr pha t so . ro , art r, nd,
f e ell t
C PTER XI
" SECTARIAN OLITICI Nu
s the war continued, the .ethodists be c ame increas
in ·l conscious of their denom n tional lo lty nd patriot-
ism, and 0 the large number of laymen nd ministers ho
~.ere servi in the ranks , or as cha 1 ins in the .t1eder 1
arm and n y . t tl e s me tim , t e ere acutel a are
of ho
fe a, , rel,..tivel , er the rom ent 1 ces C
tl e r c urchmen eld .. 1 olit C 1 d il t 1 fe . e
e1·e t .at sho s nson t 1
.
·.,asl
n'ton in
a d th t h 0 ld ct t e i tere ts 0 is fello
.et 0 s s p 0 pted n r que t or ss st l'lC e •
• s
P e tiQe , r need b s patr o C or tory , e
n cces to ort en n e ncoln n tr t on
and eno ev d nee ns to s 0 h tte ted 0
e ercise s n luence n ehal
o·
h Church .
ol t cal tr of t t
oi t ment 0 n's rend, J hn
,V n , s ov rn r
of olora o. ans , a t r mov to • Ca'" 0 rom d n ,
ad or ti. e edi ed am d c 1 · ournal , t h s C i f
tere t oon be e oper tion r 1
st,t
and ra lroad
ronot on . e one of tr. e founders 0 art ester
ers i t tom o 'V nston fas na ed for h i m.
n 1859 he
'
s o e oft e ri
r~
fore s i br
395
Si mpson to reside at Evanston and nominally superintend
the Garrett Biblical Institute . He bec~ m e active in the
political ffa rs of the State and was offered the governor ship of "'ashington Territory shortly after ,incoln assumed
. d 1
the presi ency .
Just hat part, if any, Simpson may have played in
securin his a pointm nt s governor of Colorado Terr tory
· s not cle r, but that t e b shop ex ected to use the
o fie to advant e 1s a r ent ro then n rr tive
of other o
.
ndiana
.
ds . J . L. it 1 ri , 0
re ch r n the da S 0 s mpson 's residenc , nd later
a idin le.er, S C lled to ort ayne, In na, n
0
.
t
t
s
b
of
st
o'•
spr n 0 1 62 nd Dr . ans to rece ve he
0 n • pro OS t on . son 0 la a 00 t hi sup r-
"'e t 0 is 0 n t Color do co nt r . .c;vans,
n 1 o nt ed ov ·o ecr
J,..
ry o
I,;
te 0 terr tor
•
a s ns t th 'th
·~o ""
d
no d cult hav n t e '/Or of t ' s
C do b a d ty , 0 not to "nder the e n el -
C r C
o·
u eri.te d nt of s on
"
o ever ,
•
alre d as er ng i n the du 1 cs ac t 0 collector
nter al re enues
1
'd ar Carlisl
he· ahl ren
or the
ec 1e
1 sh
rover
• 84, 88, et __ _
ent an pres d lde r
396
for the .:ethodist Church. Considering these matters , and
the fac t that his ife d saporoved of the move , he decl ned
2
the offer .
That the tethodist pressure for political consideration
1as be n felt in , ·ash n ·ton is further evidenced by a note
d rected by SalW-on • Ch se , the Seer tary of Treasury, to
Bishops es and Simpon . se eYpressed his re ret that
t had been ne cessar to re use 'our excellent riend ,
Sen tor .arlan,' the ap oint nt of Dr . o en o Io1a to
an aud torship or c ef cl r p . ot of h os tons
e u red spec 1 zed tr n c the doctor d d not have .
o ·ever , no ·1 h d n nd r . · a ker o , " f ot
e er s r ul r t nda s C C n
sh ld eco e me er .
• •
OU t 0 th .... s? t
ec e r nqu red .
nd n . r [
old o
r]. · o 1
do
d sop po_ concur
ton or r com-
endat b pp ec ly
de o h bod
ak n
ho
i nc o
res nt? n r spon , pson
b a d t the had but 1 t le aco
...
ance .. . r .
. '
e of h s qu 1 c t ons •
• •
~ rt er, d" o doub
d , 'I k o oth n of h s pred lee ons nm tters
2
ohn
•
th ,
1892) ,
• • •
nd na : n • ._.,
3
·r tt n
p ntl h
o mpson , cf.,
bout
•
4
. tthe S pson , ~u ., ~ . C se to
6 , 1863 .
ho
•
( alp r so,
arl n h d
•
mes , pril
397
to whi ch you allude , or how hiss pathies may lead him
• • •
n
The b i shop, s referrin ·, of course , to rr .
alker ' s
alle ,ed intention to join the :ethodists . He must say , how
ever , that in the resign tion of the present off cer , "e
lose the only man hich the dministrat on ha seen fit to
appoint to the te d of a bureau , so r as I am informed . '
Pe kne , of course , th d f·cult of makin chan es , and
t~e uressure of ppl~cants , so e ished to assure the
ecret ry 't t el eve in ur fr nds , an n our
d te nat·on to o hat t . .:a God direct o[u] in
11 things . '
5
ohn Lanahan, n t e e nt me , le rn n th t
lker snot V n n tt nd nt a any o t e
_ et o
st
c urches, a much le sed b the ans er ch m so 1 ade
to C ase .
6
e rends o Si
d er t on
ap ointmen s . ven
ov rnors p 0
"
n
e consuls as no
0 C ~" of th dm tr
after loo n round s
co 1 not lea
"
at
e
t, or ro
•
n nt 0
74,
•
son co pl ned tterl about t e
et od sts. t ton b OU
so, ec d one of a COl'l s,
nconsid r ble rr tor , d
t 1 chan e
•
t
'
•
ti e l.n e roscri
t on . is s e co lain nt,
to
'
ro to S mpson h he
a n le VO ce nth
'"'o
em-
f cer in t e , no ii ths d
of Con res , Vol .
, 186 •
g
398
e have furnished , I have no doubt, more than fifty sic]
per cent of the entire
n7
rm· • • • • This proscription ,
he said , was not conf ned to the resident , but it obtained
n n every ep rt ent , nd so syste tic and ,...eneral is it
that as far a m observation extends ever resb terian ad
'piscopal
th t of c rr
te is provided 1ith so e other osition than
8
ng a Gun--"
no hero the d ss ti d numb r eso ted to frontal
decl d op nl o Chase nd cty. 11s c] attack .
that s pe o le e re
· ed (sic] to ou
nored, '
dee a.rd
nd f
tent.
ote to S , pson , and
'e ~er doin
-
1 re o vot
n t e o in any d
rec er et to a milt r n
to ee e av Jut ce d e
t n
rom th s
th t e
d ,ere ot
n t
0
ry
11 La or
you oul
u e t
'r te
th
coln .
1
T t e a com for act o , e s a. ncoln
the 11 ar u no
r cle
• C]
of our eo 1
r s a n he can ot
COl"lCl ded t .. an ppea fo
7
Cl ton , a
eno n n cont tuted f
r ce
et,
ncinna .
8
s
a
ell
mpson , o
20 , 1863 .
• • •
n 0
t to
do t out
•
et r
mp on to - rne
t od st, h t h s
e r cen A
s e n en
an
Concern, ) ,
... i tel to pson , 1 ... a
399
support ' to the riter n his application for the governor-
9
ship of a territor wh_ch e thouLht lould be created !
rrel ith ._ont lair . llustrat ve of the
tee iqu s of Simpson ' s ~olitic nflu nee and of the
JO er h ch he lded s the confl ct h ch he ha 1ith
1 onto er Bl r , ostm ster ener 1 in ncoln ' s first
'abinet . In 186 on , p rt i ri ds ,
called o Bla r to co 1 n
ists n the o t of ce d
e " _ ro c r t on n o ... et o -
rt en
1 on .
1110
The bishop s ed or
bee
roll o
e plo ee , t n c ion o C 0
· st • 1 r r fu ed , C
r 1 0
·ud c
el c
0
ro
our
o Con
o ca s
ol,
· at on . ohn
on
s 1
• •
,
C
0
0
0 0
0
C
1
r 1
C
of
C •
as c
e
C r t 0
o u m on
C
C
0 t r r -
e d p t n ' s
·o
n
0
e
roo
e
C r ,
. t od-
0
or
s
d
0
0
0 -
b e
r , 1 6 •
0
bid., o to r air to on, .a 0 , 1867.
t
400
in politics, £nd at the moment a lobb ist n the ... r land
e islature, spre -d the stor tat Blair had insulted
Bisrop S mpson n : ashin ton . The Lanahan ers·on ,as th t
in response to Simpson ' s request forte appoi tment o a
rend Bl ir h d s id t t 'm c rri e d v r or some other
s rvant bout .
tl t .. et o st
hou e
s re
s a ethod st , but
p o nt_ 1ents t_ e
·as not are
e rt e ts . '
e s or
o_ th
d . a to 1 ir' c~ pain , o 1e sou
shop d scla r o t... s " p , rs o o our
co e
. t
po had
den ed
too
.. u ....... n.e la n- -
s o 1
r t n 1 tt , as r e u sted .
t e d eve r
C
d 1 r o n
ous
C
c· 11
e at ... e r ce v no
,
d I •
a d
cover t
•
'
r,
e co 1 not co r r' 1
e s n
0
r ect 1
tote t 0 t C
• •
•
call d t o r o
e e n m
all
• • •
0 C rt .
o r
r re 0
lo nd
• •
• e C d den
---------
11
- oc . cit .
o · s
C
0
on or
ad
1st
on of
on o
ers .
• •
la _
o to
t
401
was then , Simpson reminded him, that "You said ••• that
in your ki tchen ou had servants who were i:ethodists , and
that you did not object to them because of their religion . "
esarding this comp rison as tta reproach to the church, "
the bishop re 1 ed
O
that I su posed .. ethodists ere con
sidered fit or the kitchen but not for Off ce in ·:··ashington
• • •
1
12
Bl ir, arous d to indiscretion by this xplanat on,
pronounced it "extr ordinary f ot incr dbl •
"
t
fore s e p ticall,
1
he ro that I nev r h
quest on 1th resid nt L ncoln bou a o nt n n ste s
to off ce . " et en 1 ste then e of ah lf doz n of
h s a point es --ho e e mi 1st s, cor pl n d one
of t e e b 1 tt
to ubl c d scla
t
1
0
1
r.
r
n a, a a as r d
br e curt.
n
t r
r co
st
d t
z rs ro la r,
C
ro
•
1
OU ro O C
nc b
0 a t o
0 V r
,.,
n T s,
nd OU U t cus
1
pso , oc . c t.
u e to un o h
d o
1
0 to t ...
h b s o s I c nno
c no r con ze o
on ,
r,
r r of Con r ss,
16, 1867.
0 e
I e •
o,
02
or claim."
14
Blair lost the elect on , but with a political future
yet at st ake , he continued his atte pt to secure a satis-
factor
rot
publ c statement from t e churc
anoth r discla mer later int s
nan .
e
The bishop
15
ear , 1867, and
in the follo in anuary Blair called in ton at
Harl n ' s o e o con rse ·th Sm son .
6
0 e 1 ter,
t a utual r nd, he o c or ou ht to "contra
ct ut orit t v 1" t
s cor po e c ,
ur_ os , ' t as
e b so
0
see
0 pon h
s ory c
d,
ed t
t t
ro
,, r 1 nd .
d ur os
r
C •
• •
ti
0 t b
0
0 1 for tl r d to
t
a u
S 0
1
16
t e
r
denc
0 0 t
1 c d to
0
'
-ourn 1 ,
17
bid ., 0 t 0 r
ry 2 , 1870 .
0
on1.,;
1
na co
r o
red
od
ocr
C off C •
0 r y Bl r ec b r o,
14 , 1 68.
r to C.
•
lborn, s . ,
186?
03
Harlan's
ointment to the Cab net . Sometime in
1864 , or earl er, Bishop Simpson and his assoc ates be an
to plan means of enforc ng upon the gov rnment the appropr -
ate honors or .ethod s . • The least honors hich should be
exp ct d 1 s a place n the Cb net . Te et odist best
qual ied or th osit on, or at le st the ones ttled
upon b t e b so and fr nds , ias S nator arlan
la yer,
n 1860
of o a .
an a
or h s
t od to
cond t
t ar
s e
e
d
0
e o t
o cone
1 0
•
t
o 1864 , r
s
1
0
s,
0
cla s n
ent ·
1
o Indi
c er,
n t
ova
t
e u 0
c or
eon 0
C
o 1 d
or o
ec o cl
sbury n ers ty,
rl n el cte
n t d State n te . urn
supp red t e re ·de t's
e lly co ze"
18
r .
•
t 1 0 tt C C 0
0 o t e e c 0
t 0 , e
nc o o e off ce
h 0 d
co
b o t e t
• • •
t 11 t
0 e C u te to o ce ou me er • 0 Go t .
120
1
0
( 0 io h c 1
r es , ed h: C Io
e 0 191
•
1
t .
•
C ell 0 S m son , cto r so , 0
•
C
•
I l.
, 18
20
T oc . C t .
404
I n December, Governor John vans of Colorado Territory,
calling on the President in company with others , found
0
The
matter of Senator Harl n looks well
• • •
Dur n the closing months of the war the friendship
between Lincoln and Harl an deepened percept .bly , and the
Senator was seen o t en on public occasions i n the presi
dential part y . On the day of the second inau ural, s the
President bus y si ~ ned the final bills of the closin
Con r ss, Harl n s d p ch d to h te ouse to escort
. r
•
coln to th ceremon es . It s also rue t t
rlan s f r quently n the co an
"
of ncoln ' s son
22
0 , ... om e ater m rr ed . T e a po nt nent 0 .. arlan
s ecret r of nt r ch he el ant
.
d d C p
C ha b en r
be·
del iscuss d n he pr ss in e
1 0 0 1865 , red b b o r er as
1 o al po nt ent
by -
nco
23
t
•
ers o· V
r ed h
.
the ol 1 nfl enc 0 e ethod s • d
0 co r tul 0 not 0
I
re·o c ,
ort o place to '"'rl
e C b n
cc s
•
S el
•
u lorn, r s t n Con
2 I
•
no n to o on, ;,,I c b r , 18
•
·o e es s
rson 1 0 e .
J
t
e .
6 , 186
) '
tha as an escort
ere 0 an r cter
2
t. oc . C
24s
ci t . , Jas itc ell to s oson,
,
rch
pson ,
•
~ '
12 , 186 5 .
,
e
405
many ye rs later recalled that it was Simpson's influence
'that secured the appointment of Senator Earlan of Iowa
as Secretary of the Interior." Cullom, and several other
p rom nent men from Illinois , were trying to secure the
appointment for "Uncle" Jesse K . ubo s . "I c '"'nnot appoint
im," Lincoln told Cullom. nr m ust appoint en tor arlan .
I romised Bis op mpson to do so . The rethodist Church
has been standin b y me ver
6
enerall : I a P-re d ith
Bis op i pson to iv ..;,e ~ tor arlan th s 1 ce •
n25
• •
Te appo ntment w s as nific nt triump f or arl n d
t ... e -et o s , but one fill d t r v co sequenc s ., or
t resulted nth ter n tion o 1 n ' s
e C
he 11 t od st L ncol
'
Cabi et
. s
C
ton . 0 t n
.
cl at r
t er d p o C 1 . p t
II
u 11 n oked d V e
r
or
•
in h 1 0
t
- 1r
r , n co sul ed f que
1 OU le
ders . s son he h d p n 1
t e 18 O' s
.. e
e a oun 1 r n C d
0 t ton ' 1 st orr·c al cts,
.
nu in r
25 le
y
( ,
l o ears 0
•
...,
,
{
ic"
o: C. C LJlur
.
lvll),
•
.....
-
•
•
lS i
P n
ent of i pso
' .;;i
0 r her ' s ,
- ent t b shop s pol ' tic 1 activ1.t · e
26 ..-:,
.... .. r
0
hio
ol t c 1 c r r .
,
•
ef fr nd of
.
r 0 ·r ,
0 , es t
ons e
1
z ,
t
.n r 1
h
nc
h
•
ne
862 , to
ice
source
a
nton. mhe
truction
no
406
appoint Bishop Ames as one of two comm ssioners to visit
27
•ederal prisoners held t ic ond . S mpson, too , was
entrusted wi th off cial bus ness o the over nment :: .1.en ,
in 186 , t nton named him cha rman of
◄o tress uonroe , , ort o al ,
commiss on to v s t
d e 'I rleans
11
to
ex 1 ne the condition o t e color d o le d 1 e su -
-est ons .
1
on , r o ver, "dee ined such pos·t on .
028
t
too ens veto
cc o fie 1 r
s e a pro
i_ control i
c urc es
•
1,
,
co nection 1 t e C urc to
1 ty
d and t e
t o r et .
on o c
ntuc y, Te nesse
0 t
S C. ~ 1
vO e 1 C U on t
t e e od
r es o 1.b 1
d o s C
•
t e e
d
t
0
8 OU
, t a
27
t r n n co trol o c 0
e ote_e o s
co O ·t t d
o r
ch, o th,
co r
•
e n
2
11 b lo
ollo
o t e
to
a,
0
y n
0
,
8
son ,
20 , 1 6 •
• .._ m son to .r . 1 e
•
p on,
u
29
d . , utob or ph c 1
- -
n scr pt .
407
.ethodist piscopal Church . M oreover , many of the Southern
preachers had fled upon the approach of the Union armies , and
30
tt.eir pulpit- s were unoccupied .
In ovembe r , 1863 , Bishop Ames sou ht and obtajned
from Secretary t anton an order which directed Generals
commandin~ t e Deo rtments of the .issour , the Tennesee,
and he Gulf "to pl ce at the dispos 1 of ev . i3 shop es
all ouses of orsri p be on n[ to t e ·•et h od st p scop 1
h re , 5outh,
o nted bra lo al
ch a lo .1 in ster , ho h s been ap se.op of s d ch c · , does no no of-
fie te .
1131
ater i t e ~e~r s lar ord r as ssued
or th e o er en rt ents , ns r ctn com ander to
tur over c urch ro
impso
.r . coln , n t
t to sop er , nes , nd
nt e , rema ·ned q te un re
oft
of
ab t OU n erpris o h c u ch o t e ct on
n ecember , 18 ~,
a t t t on
1
o d r , roe to
t rfe ed or thou ht o te er
ors 11 o r n n chur h,' an tor
a
rl
0
fo C
month
0 1
t t ent h con ued , • or ha e kno in 1 or belie ly
0
d
1 . . 1
. er •
truction (Clevel
, 221 , :! . D . ... o
con 1 urc
r istor
907),
tolerated any one el se to so interfere by my authorit
I will not have control of any church on any side . "
408
• • •
It was
after these declarE.tions that St anton ' s order was shown to
Lincoln . Not a little surprised , the resident addressed
a note to t he Secretar , reviewing his action n the matter
and quoting freely from his decl rations . In concl1s · on he
as red wll.at is to be done about it?'
2
Two days later
ctanton issued second letter somewhat mod fyi n the rst
0 r . I incoln feared , ho ev r, t t t e ecretary state ent
r s
11
1 ble to so e abuses .
1
pson, in th meant
1nqu1r1 s about the polic
had made some prelimin ry
ch sho ld be ursued in th
area ss ned to m. 'I t" ink the preva·11n op n o a ong
t e Southern ists s th t their C urc d
e .ond th 0
'
ro e a ortbern pr C er 0
'
-
been n 11
•
.·o
t all the urc s n
ra s v
11
nd ~ rou d nn . ·e e le t by the r p to "S on he
r 1 of our d t
,..,
0 I st din p
~ or
a e
occ d e 0 e nt . b 1 eved t e a
co 1 properl resented to th 0 nt or t es
0 e ss ta.nc could be secured to us in re n t se
2
John G. icola d John ray, d tor , braham
lete ,orks ( e York• e Century Co., 1 94 ) , II ,
~-----n-to t nton , Febru y 11, 1864 .
Ibid., II , 481, ~ndorsement of Stanton rder .
r
409
churches ." It ould be easy, he felt , "to shov, to our overn-
ment that the l .. • E . Ghurch South as a body was thoroughly
disloyal , and more , that every cent of her property belongs
to us ."
3 4
In anuary , 1864 , the bi shop
ith a tr nsportet on order from nrant n
sin ashville
s pocket ,
11
to
loo aft r . r:ethodism n th s ben hted r ion , " and to se
what e could do "tow rd reor n zin and r establ shing its
35
lnstituti on ." s esult o tis vs t , . thod st
e cher fro t e ort , t e v .
•
• Cr .er , pl c d
car of t e rch ' tee t in ash ille . e re-
ce v d or ers ro en r 1 ra t vin pos ess o of
:c en ree pel nd t e er n ist of t
cit
•
the oder also n tructed t y 0
~k
ny n C s-
s r r p r
3
he ev • Sa 1 d
n, outh rn r cher
•
.
0 t 1 d s 1 "lo 1 an' appo ed a 'loy 1
0
I (
So e o t out C
) '
pro-
t s d 0 son a st t lo of he pro
Y,
but
t OU e
t 37
C •
t 0 lle, n r, one hun rd
d t nt b
.
olsto ual Co f e C 0 th
rs o
t hod st urc OU h, d cl .r n he selves
'
0 1 n s- ,
4
m son , 0 C t . , eed to p 0 0 m b
•
•
,
2
,
,
5 ..,
n
•
,
ar a s
_or •
ton ,
6
t ., Cram r to 1,.,1 m son, e ruary
pson , 0
•
C . .
•
24, . rch 18 , Apr 2 , 1864 .
7
s 1
ald ·1 n to Si 1pson, pril 21, 1864 .
Ibid.,
•
410
t ers , ' resolved that the y had
11
a just claim to all the church
property," and th t th proposed
0
at t he earliest d y p r acti
cable , to transfer t h e s ame to the r,:e t hodist •piscopal
Churc h .
• •
t
The f u~ther resol ved t hat t h ey vould propo s e
to t heir congre ati n s
0
to go en m ss e
11
t o the orthe rn
8
od .
s th gai ed ne " 1 t a r y v cto r i n the Sout ,
th cu ches inc eased their op r at o s . In 186 - 5 e
l,:ethodists s ent t ·ent
1
-one o_d ed m ss on r s d nume ous
nd oth o ers, beside t chapla · 1 tea c e r
ser in n the a
Carol n .
, · t o ou s ana , enn ss e , nd o h
and ou h ss on
186 ap ... r o
t ct c s of
ed ~ 000 for c , n
ss on r s n root n
d n n o sess on o rop t
r d u
•
In 1 0 , 0
p , th off Cal 0 0 h
· n uced t o p s re olu o s re ue
0 o tur h r 0 ove ... o t
·e od s p scopal :t
9
r 11
0
d earl
h o k .
e
r nt
s hoed
a , for
d r o
o a 0 t
o th
ry
Chuc n h 0 n t o e r s
d c 1 n ersonn 1 of th or
9
r
s
he
1 -
C
411
of a 'loyal church." The members were largely epublicans,
and in the days a ter the war , c rpet-baggers , employees of
the reednan ' s Bureau , nd stron supporters of r dical
40
reconstruct on .
he iork o · the Torthern Chu ch flourished until , by
1867 t ad 65 , 000 f 11 embers in th outh, nd 16,000
prob o rs . B 1871
about three - fou ths o
ces ed
sops r rl
s n ber d ro to 135,000,
er ne roes . en nnu 1 co er-
outhern terr ory, n
•st t V VS s .
ort ern
n-
on of ro to r con rol of t
s on r s 1 cane, or rv
e 1 pol ur o s o t C rp t
s . 41
esent d he
a o al
rl t
act on o t
ued
. rn br th en.
d e s
0
t
1 s
s t n hold
orro
s r sen 0
40
·eet
st UC
41
id.,
0
,
op 18
t od st 0
co
•
1 o our o
onl
old
1 C C
s ·or n
pee c
p . 1 ~ , 1 9- 0 .
co e CO UC
nd C r
• 0 r o nt ud
o ·or
I
p . h r-
So h rn 0
to u, b t
11 calc 1 ed o
.1.U ·ch con-
42
make an i 1npression favor ble to Christianity.'
Simpson , in the South on official business of the
Church, felt th imp ct of this bitterness . Invited to
412
preec n Centr 1 resbyteri -n Church n tlanta , he a s
after ards notif ed that rin conseque ce of his prominent
posit o d nflu nee at the orth n avor o the Union
urn , thee t nded co rtesy must b~ thdrawn .
114
rlc ns the
s so s to lee ure , ot
not r quentl o l~te i t
die 1 press , con ctio
Op C-.1 . • • ' ·e r
e '
ot
o e
ts and
t a
col
e "h s a e ed
o t e or ern
the c r ic 1
1
I t ... 8
co -
tatter d c 1 s e o t e et od· t
e t b
co al
2
'X
c_t
or ett r , ✓ ,
-
of
,.
s u ~ e 1 . ,
('1
clo e V
•
4
t ., C
~
boo cl i 0 8 /
•
.
,
Grle n , 1
•
413
hurch should brin it into con l i ct vit ... res dent Johnson .
n .. arch , 1865 , the y:ethodists , i cludin Simpson, h d been
outra ed by Tohnson ' s drunken co.1. ... dit on t the nau ur 1
•
c remon.ies . mpso h d ·ott ..... d do n in his d ar .,., " tt nded
44
nau ur tion--heard I. r . Jol son--dr
k •
• •
c dent r s te. JOr ril
...
or otten , r , n t
an o 1
...
e_ c., f er t
e o th ,a
0 0 • T ncol • 0
o e
t the r er m o th
o e b ter
out b h n
unshed, t n the e od st tes .
45
1 db e lei s
b 1 on 0 on , t ht o 1
0 , e or e 0 0
e s t 0 d ,Ol S
0 C C
on r
hos
le r toe c e to
•
so ,
er r . u
to n sol
0 ,
e
r
0
te
t O •
0
th
t
0 1 n
•
f a .r . o so
n , OD . C • ,
-- --
o n C
45
• et , 0 • C t . , . 160 .
t
0
e or
t
, 18 5
T e
0
1
1
n-
1
es -
ce
s •
1 t
ior " ,
,
-od
1
414
[O , for the le ders of the rebellion there will now b
re ter eril .n lt~ou h r . Tohnson , in some respects,
as not the equal of r . incoln , yet hens prob bly his
superior the dete ! n ton to crus e ery ves i e of
rebell on, nd pun sh t e leaders." The confe enc of
ste s pproved the rm rks 1th" ·re t applAuse ," and
t b ho con nu d . dr n fro s o e in
ee ,
o - n-la
s pop rty destro ed ,
ell n tl b tle o
s fam ly de efu ees ,
a lle-- s n
t e stro
t n a
c,. u e to
, 0
th r
or.ms on
46
1 on .
d 1 er d
01 ·c o co orm 1 1 t C d be n n-
0
t ons to
occ
cos
1
enfr c
,
t n
on
· en t e o
6
pson's
10 , 18
n
ol .
1
0
C
0
s to be r 1ted ,
oul o tho a 1
o e ed s q c
0 0 0 0
one
con ct on o t
h r
n roe
on d d
t O C t Z
1
t
to
d
b tr d cat d blac
s
o n
o t e
o e
b
•
B
n con ene , 11 o t e t t ~
, 1865, p . 1 8 , C
orK Co ere ce ·
fe
C ,
he
a
ce b
ve
415
Texas had reconstituted their ·overnments and elected repre
sentat ves to the to houses of Con ress . The result as
open war are between Con ress and the resident . In part
the issue s distribut on of power--should Congress or t e
res dent determine and d rect the policy of reconstruction?
But underl n th s as both ant c stru le for partydomi-
nanc and
feel n th t th ro th
un_shment of the
0
outh .
s orally responsible
or th
p rt s u h or
t
n f c nt .
later to , th
publ·c s s
b 1 ni t ol c of econs rue on h r t ,
De oc , could b ld ro
or"an z ton
0 r b nd ·· ,
nor oreo er
at r e
on o o s k
t n r .
used o t
•
0
stron
orth nd
sect on d
n n er of
re o lo
n
d
T"' e
b
t fo n
OU r -
o e t
r
C 1
n
on
0
0 .... out e o ce
0
•
m or
br
occu
n · o
n
ro p , b
nto 1
1 c· o
ss pol
u
1 to nd so o
on , n r nch see to
he blac cods , nd
C
t ct o , d r cal
C 1 hod , ucce ded
or r de th
pon OU h r
ne ro , 1 m nation o
b t rl con e en-y
416
rule of epublican carpetba ers, scalawa s , nd ne
5
roes .
Church and other moral nd benevolent associations were
rallied to the support of this "radi cal" pro ' ram by a
vi orous propa nda based upon the punishment o the uilty,
a fir teat ent of the former sl res , and ab tter denunc.1a ion
o the "drun.Ken , • rn.:1oral res dent ,..hose obst n te and
o ~t d vetoes o th con ression 1 measures or reconstruct on
l o ed ma ra torous t ool of th South .
47
he rst rev c o th .et od st C urc c e e rly
in th summ r . Sm so , n ash n~to , c led upon t e
es dent nd le rned , p entl to s urpr , th t
t
.e -1 es us to ive u t e
·11e ch pel] .
1148
e
snot , 0 V t ed h s 0 co ersa on .
a
..
ul 8 t e bi op
.
t 0 ucc s ,
0 ee 0 so
•
1 , 0 12 , h rece d a
e e ·ro e a 0 co to on .
co ce 0 a t e i ed
n C 0 C 0 t 1
0 r o th 1 u
9
pso ·te
•
1 d 0 r 0 er 1 0 out .. r
d 0 b en 'un rstoo ' b t 0 'I s ot ,
47
G • dall
•
(
Ou 0
• • •
t
48s
p 0 , 0
•
cit . ourn 1 , une 1 , 865 .
49
d.'
n 26 , 1 8 , u us 12 · Gee to
,
• •
so
'
u st 22 , 1865 .
417
he sai d , t ha t he hrd ne ver sought t o obt in the possession
of buildin s bel on n to the .• ' . Church South . n The only
church heh d possessed , he e pl ined, w s the one in
.. shvi lle ,
1
hich I s bein used '""s a hosp ta1 , and e h d
cted oromotl in tu in · t over to ts or in 1 ovmers
en so d i ecte b res dent Johnson .
50
Si~ultaneous ith the roble. o the ~ash lle church
c~me nether h ch must e carr ea ore o person 1 dis-
ple ure to Gov rnor o v ns of Colorado
off ce b -o son T rr tory a s ddenl su pen
C S
t t
:n the
s · pso
hear y , h " t od s
e d , ss c don h
51
err tor . op C
0
ed n
e c er ,
•
n ton ,
e
t 1 r
n on' o nt
1
C 1
u e 0 s ab o s e on on t
n
f C
f C
s l o d
e
f
r
t
o en .
52
b r f o p
d ol c
s
1 n
e r 1
•
and
Hubert Hoe B croft,
· om n , 1540-1888, Th
(San anc co,
o 1 bas ud
con ron d
0 C
r n '
0 cool o
r cl pp
•
•
0 11
t
T e
tt r
ter
n er
Colorado,
ancroft,
90), .466.
52
Simpson, op.ct., C. K n e to Si pson, une
20 , 1865. The letter r f r s to the tele am.
418
was yet unaboted . Simpson h d no and then a compla i nt to
o~fe r bout the read~u tment of patron ge, to which arlan
re lied, 'I knoVi it 11. but tis exceedinaly difficult
to ch n e the or ans of av st business in a day . " e had
&lr ·d an . Su~er ten ent o Census, Comm:ssion r of
ndi n Aff rs d te ts, tree super tendents o ndi
fa rs, nd a lar e umb r of subord n te • e , s fe r ul
o a i · more r pid cl n s or h h d le ne that the
"ou te s a e
r
• •
• or n sed 0
re
. s
ne
s .n t ...
ut ,e
c]
o n •
• •
t
,5
c ot er
H rl soon
sou ht the int rv nt · o o
t e
0 t
n o a o t nor rt.a e m t t rn
0 0
t erior
0 t S 0
o t... r 1 r
b c t n
ol
n
ot sen
rl n '
t .,nt
t
- e
s
po ts er o n, t
t
•
0 r,
e , both b c
n OS
e had bee
tl r t an
r
0 t ...
for
0 a t 1 ed .. e
ec be ,
son ' ... re
tte o r , s
1 n to on, u t 7, 8
-=-
• , • 217 , C
, 1866.
on
d to
0
r
0
our
a
1
•
419
thinly ve led note in which he re quested u i n.pson ,
0
rf you
f eel at liberty to do so," to write to "Hon Hiram Price of
Davenport, & Rev . M r. 1;ir . F
1
• Cowles of ttumwa Iowa express
in toe ch , your preference for United. ..... tates Senator from
f 1 t
n 55
owa or the on erm .
he n the epublican caucus met n January , Harlan was
named on the third ballot as candid te for the lon term .
::o ·ever , his victory cau a re t de 1 of di~sension n the
rty . T ere , s 1uc lobb·in , co s Jondent v ote ,
men connected 1th t e D D rtr.ient o·
nter or , d
b "'
'
ethod1s re chers , ithout n ber or iet
,56
•
n • ttitude to ard t e 0 son ad n s t on
a· fered ter
.
1 rom t at isho and n 0
. a r
0
'
,J
ver probab s t ... so rce 0 h b s Op I S
poin 0 e
•
... t
1 0 on d 0 ' ss 0 op n re k
o er ec t uct on , rlan too th h orm r colle u s
t e n te , e 1 n t h le o a 0 t t e
e t t cos n o t So t er t an
e ec1... t
57
he d d not fro th
•
0 er ,
ne unt.:1 d-s r o 1 66 . 0 mba s
d b~
pre nc
5
i: , 1 6 •
5
3r
,..
n
tol friPn t e thought t
"
ndecent or ,
son, o . c · t • , a .es r to i J son , Cctob r
o • cit . , p . 220 , cit n t _
17 , 18 6 .
0
. ty
57
Ib 211
. ' p . .
--
420
lim to rema n , " but ' es i tated to · orce him out be cause he
id not wish "to excit the host lity of the po erful "ethod
ist C urch . , 5B
Simpson , int e meant me ass inc , some si months
ter the closin o t e war:
od des ns to do 1th e er vest· e of slavery .
Be ore e open our to tax back t rebellious
t tes , prot ct on oft e ri h s of uma t ust be
ecured • . en tis is pl c don a fi ou d to ,
t o t ould restored to all t ri h sand
le he t en 01 t e ort ' bl
so r o •
9
jo it,
s t
·dened, t e
d
on
rlan . e
s g
t ose
as
d no
ee e t so
eme to se i t
0 •
op nly advoc t n pe C
11 SU or d b th t od
onl b Johnson's obst uct
d Con re
on or ch-
t t t
nt es
st ch
on o
' .
s C ,
and h s oldl ] t d fi nc th 1 of h land,
bu b cor t on" ic hd' rm e a
d s gr c tot n ton .
60
op Si on, too, b s
ac on, no by ord. , cle rl nd c ted hath p hy
th th r d c ls . ccomp ied b h s f , h nt do m
58
G or
e Radie
1 on,
ork:
59
s mpson , o • cit ., Scrapbook, n
60
s et, o . cit., p . 162, c tin
dvocat , ·arch 4 , 1868 .
r cl p n .
astern Christ an
421
to Washington in mid-Janu ry wh re h listened to several
speeches n Congress, t lked 1th "many members," d ned
th th Harlans , c lled on General Grant, went to see
Seer try Stanton ho as barr c ded in the ar Offic •
Be found the Seer try in "fin sp rits," and the two of
th m had a "v ry long religious t lk ••• it pr yer.
1161
hat constitut d a pat o th rel g oust lk is recounted
by St nton's bio rah r. r . St nton ant d to lmo hether
or not 'th od-f r port on of h po 1 ' ndor d his
cour of ct on . If thy d d no, ha n OU t h to
en th b shop su d 1 th t the "loyal and Chr st- 0.
n s a p ov d h s cond ct and 'o e h 'lould ne r
C le s d. It n h s r nd r,
qu s d
ad
shop to
'
ou be n 2 o'cl ck n
n •
nth
n C
ad c ls a
b C
t 0
C U 0 t
62
n t
ent
s doub
1 of n
U 1 C n
B
0 1 V n ,
on " o
n o
•
r nc and n act v
st c n n r c eb on o 186, h
n
0
s
ohnson op n d
e
o th
h d
11 y ,
th
n h .l etbod-
1 kno both
61
s1 pson, o. ct., Journ 1, Janu ry 1, 14, 1868
62 lo __ ., p . 7 .
422
to Harlan and Simpson. It was whisper d that the latt r
two had conspired to bring the pressur of the Church upon
the recalcitrant S nator. In Chicago th ethodist quad-
rennial G n ral Conf renc was in session. On ay 1, thr e
days befor the first vot on the art cles of mp chment,
a mot on as introduced hich, b i lica on, cond mn d t
es dent as a" ice rson," nd call d for h s ov 1.
As cond r solut on ould h v t e Confe nc st asid an
hour to pra for th
brot r obj ct d.
ud. C al
und r n o
volt
oc d n
ir o
s d nt•s con 1c
63
on. An
st d n s h p C
" h
,
"
d, nd t
o pry to
mot ons f
t n
1
d. 64
d
nt s
ct
t a h y
tr to mor unsucc s 1 a tern to n ore c on
on th Conf r nc , sop on, n o d
rtur om c d n , d s r s o on
t co der t bod . h s for
, nc ud n P n 1 0
• • •
h , p
lo
n oth
, and pa tl b cor u t nfl nc ,
Cun , . . . fo s b
flu nc Sen or properl
• •
I ,
r ol v d o appo n n hour of a r 0 0 h bl
r
0
b
n-
nd
st
64
p . 1 -7.
lton, o . ct., p. 601, c ting ht , Trumb 11,
ra
423
and earn stly them rcy of God upon our n tion, and to
bes ech h m to save our senators from error, and to so in-
fluence them that their decision sh 11 b n truth and
r
u65
t ousness • • • When t h e resolution was adopted
w thout d ssent, th Nat on rem rked that it had been
"aimed at S nator illey of l st Vir inia, rather t an at
th
"66
Throne of G c •
Chi f Ju tic Chas s indi nant over th pr ssu
in brou h upon h Sn ors for conv ct on . "Th nk of
1 i sl tu s , poli ic 1
nd r a
no
C
uilt ,"
ht r
ch b
il 1
to nstruct S
rot on
d a tr ph .
, he
t n ht .
o ot lt on t 1 V
VO n e n
ca 1 1 et C o d
0 0
b
•
nt o s , e n r 11 ious bodi s,
to o to vot, uil or
15 .
67
But th rad eels t t
it t ht o h
ed d disci 1 n d
1
t
1 t C p
t cl o
lat d,
p
an C
ollo n d
f u
,
C h
t hod st
11
e n
b oll
ad-
n or t
court h lr d b n r ch d . h C
' b
on of th
t 1 st
5
1 of p . 157 .
66
lton, t. oc. C
•
C
• •
d n,
nd
s on
•
Ch , 874 , p . 69 •
424
one vote, had fa led to i peach the President . The support rs
of r. Johnson er yet hopeful that the enator from 'est
Virginia was ith them. What his course of act on ould hav
been had th mpe chm nt dep nded upon his vote is not known .
But with the ssu s ttl d, he yielded to th pressu of
the church and the rd cal arty and responded , tote question
of th Chief Just c ,
11
Gu lty.
1169
"T is as qu t a d s-
ap ointment to h
n h s di ry. It
res dent," rot S creta y Gid on
s to b xplain d, h s d, by t
11 s
t
that " sho S pson, the h h et of the thodists and
s ctarian politic an of r t shre dness an abil ty, had
brought h s cl r C 1 n churc n 1
11 y] tb OU rl , h
,. t 0
t 1170
n e .
T v lue o pson •s s V C
s co n z Th co
or th u 1 can 0 nt
off r h m th us of to
or a publ c co se n OU
And to dd
t
sad,
C 0 11 b 0 t h p to 1st n
71
ou .
69
70
lton, o . ct ., p . 610 .
• ct., III 58
nc to b a pon
st 1 nd o
to th r d c 1 C u
tt on r n
on n
on 25
OU m y
t C
0 d scour fro
71
Si pson, o • cit., Ch rles V. yr to Sm son,
ay 16 , 1868 .
in
nts
0
r. n
0
h
425
Th bishop, how ver, was no crus der. or did he
seek pol t cal prestig for himself. is ventu es into
politics w r so closely relat d to the welfare of th
!, ethodist Church th t h probably had 11 ttl idea th t
he as a shr d "s ct r an pol tician.' decl n d the
nv t ton, but did cons n, as an of c fitt n to a
clerg n , too n the bl c Con ent on th pr
•
He d d no u occas on o dd ess , rou h th
n s ol C 1 op
UC cha act r , h o fer d pa se or
, but ,
tu 1 and
s
ous .
o 1 s nd sou
d
1 p 0
d
0
h
1 t
s a
• •
ot lon
c cult
72
C 0
0
the
e p
h
n d c on
1
1 C n
on-
0 h t
e d 1 ber t o s of t ·
cef nd h 0
d
]
1
o st
b sop
t on, co. n 0 I
1 n
1
0
1
•
s
le
n e a 1
n e-
ce
co -
s pro-
s of
r t r 1
ond o
ous s
s o b ecret ry
.. a 21 , 8 8 .
73
of State in Grant ' s Cabinet .
426
olitic 1 ctivit es on impson ' s ratory .
Even as the b shop was 1 ted into polit cal prominence nd
po er by his eloquence on the platform, so no h s rowin
politic 1 pre t e both incr as d t mands u o h st m
and al .,er
ello·
ue ce
1
1 c ur d o
h b sop
lectu
t
74
C •
t r
0 t
lso
ur d h
t
0 ndo
n
0
d
0
an
to
fie ntly the content of s ubl c d scou s .
tl od s s s o th rd of h s ol cal
d cla o or a
1 nee o
ce on 1 cue c 1 d r .
r o our omtry',
s d r af er n n
n of 18
•
I d c lls to
v ns Ina · na ol s, Gres r
ers or t
or lectu s b
C 1
o spe k for
1 cl bs, C
v u on . T
d s OU
o I u r
0 867-68 co
e
0 S
u h
0 d
00 or o
ort
ff
t pl
d
o s, t e
C 0 roo
0
1
s
n-
ton,
so
se o s
C
ty
t
0
z s '
o s_ a ,
7 s
pson , o . ct., S pboo
n • .
74
1 d., o rnal , ' T p o ou ern
4, 18 6 .
s
1
ec r
orat
75
on . Tri u phs , indeed , were these
427
nvitat ons from
ristocr t c , Con regational ~ e
N estern ethodism t
·ngland to long discredited
' Repo ts crown your lectu s as rat successes , " wrot
h s coll gue ,
y succ ess .
shop Jan s . "I am lad . our success is
ou c nnot r 11 s thout liftin m
too . he ~pisco cy is
lt ou h pson s much n demand for lectur son
ncoln,
ountr , no
s rt me or on, no c 1 d ' Th tr of ur
" h
, ss on of th n t d St t
s "
, ned
h s mos op 1 r of r ng . n r, o call d th
11
best
t
to
n t
1
SC t 0
for o a
nne po
d - a
,
ao
u f 1 p ror
n 1
t 0
S 0 h co
•
..,
to
d
f 0
on a t
n
•
11
s ps o
s
,
anu 2, 186
...
nu 15, 1 66 .
7
d . ' • •
an
C apbook,
d s , , n . u .
- -
78
."nn , 0 s
s, ••• [a) m erl , o c 1
n 1
t
t e op
clo
nk r , •
77
nd ano h
1 r
78
sent c
t ·as ,
nc
to th
s n
S C 1 opl ded .
179
prov d nc o od n
n d t s n t e
0 on, n 1 68 •
2, 18 4· s r u
•
or e so ,
to
•
1 p on, C r 2 , 1 65 •
pr cl p
•
11 sp n , r
ddr ss n . d .
79Ib
d •,
Coun r s r e Church dd ess, n . u . n . d .
- -
- -
t
428
oration, and some of th illustrative content was unchanged .
N wand dramatic evidenc of the wonders of God ith man w s
ntroduc d . The Atlantic telegraph, for example, "was not
p rmitted by God to be a success,
11
for had it b n in oper
ation, the Confed racy would hav won its independ nee . But
thout the c bl the crowned he ds of ~urope "did not dare
to co pliment th outh on itst mporary succ ss , b c use
complim nts co in four
tab~es turned . ,
9
o
ks beh nd the t es m ht f nd th
The s ker d d not conf n h s lf to th s one hes s .
d ar a and d scussed such a var ety o H rang d ov r a
top cs t t b t v ns ust h ve ond rd d if th
o ·r c of bishop t str c ons on th 1 ad so th
t ns ve tr ls n purs t of h s scop 1 dut ,
ch. l
The
t soc_ ton n t r ears ubl c n n, had pomp d
is op 0
C 1 rt
n on
s fo on
d
b bo pol
con lict o cos ct on
f
2
r of t
round
dv s d st to
ar th t r nc co, or pol on t " p ck up
d 1 av t n t , n n n ac ol on d 1th-
dr h r vis d s r y u succ s ins v n
ou gov m nt 1 o re co rom for n rul r, d
80
OC . C
•
81
_r., 59 p. •
82S t
pson, o • c • Co try Str t ddr s.
d
429
taugh[t ] the monarchs of Europe that it was unsafe to trust
1
0
83
one of th ir fello s upon Amer can so • He praised th
lack of ecclesiast cal control and restra nt in his country;
he was pleased to observe that" eligious differences were
becoming less bitter, and [that] in the comin ages men would
co-operat togeth r in doing ood regardless of sects ." The
r qu st o th m rican nister to ranee, th t apol on
allo the ni ed States to be rep esented in conf r nc of
th t po rs of 0
•
ea d o th te poral po s
of th ope h thou h a 'most rid culous and hum 11 t n
sp ct cl of toad
m. n
r . ~e rd, h b 1 v d , could not
h V nstig d th tr ns ct on , or , lthou hh poss ss d
ny f ults , on th h as tt st con cto of t
ff S 0 th n d t t s th or n na on at
8
V r ad had .
r d c d tha ec 0 comp t 0 fro th est
Cos of th d t t s d f cult ·es the construct
0 t s z Can 1 , n land a "d t ed to o don . " H sa
USS n t on , s a r sult of t C nt 1 e a on
of s s fs, a t and nc as n 1 po rful countr •
11 nc b t n t OS p 0 1 s and he n ed St s ould
br "a ros ect o:£4 p ce mon the f ly of
85
n ons r d 1th t nant- ner 1 ant 0
8
8 4
oston ournal, _ .o
OC • C t •
ng Ed ton , l ov mber 22,18 7 .
85
1 pson , o . ct., Country tre t Churc Addr ss .
on
430
in private conversation, had told him that ten years of
peac would secur peace forever. "This nation will then
86
be strong enough to defy the world ."
H praised the nation's repre sent ative form of govern
ment as superior to absolute monarch or any of the parlla
mentary systems because the peopl were
11
equfilly represented
no matter how far from our seat of overnment." The country
had s fel y xtended f rom Portland [ aine] to San Francisco ,
and thee as no reason hy t should not reach from
ontre 1 to e co .
087
Th growth and nfl ence of th
coun ry, he said, ha.d only beg to be r a zed . ~1th th
free
thro
mmi rat on pol cy, a.nd 'every avenu
op n to all classes al ke ," and
...
of labor
• • •
t fre dom of
0 ship pr s rv d for all , the country ould soon ave not
fort but a hundr d 11 ons of peo 1
, .
s nc th s ast
t m ng ultit d OU 11 spe k th n 1 sh langua and
f rom th fact t at th y cam fro 11 n t ons,
1
t h •ngl sh
ton u 0 ld b co th d plom t C 1 n a
0 th lob
'
Th m·ss on o h ni t t s , th U't r
•
of th country, s to ach t orld the do of t
publ can form of go e e t .
88
86 b d.' hil d lp dd ess , [18 )
87
Ibid., ountr s reet Church .
8
Bosto;i Journal , 0
•
C t .
A ~inneapolis paper thought these ideas "rather
89
fanciful ," although "truly eloquent and instructive . "
The Boston Post a reed that th m ss on of the United
States was a "subli e one,
0
and "highly hopeful and en-
cour ng," even f " a little rose-colo ed .
090
ost of
431
t e press h d only words of praise, but the Boston Daly
A verti.s r was p netr tin and a 1 ttle caust c n ts
analysis . b sop was pr ised s "a sp ker [ ho] n
some s ects
• • •
C rt nl h s fe equ ls
• • •
ut
th re as a 'l ck o com lete sat sf C on" 1th his d s-
-
course . "It ould hardl b resp ctful, end ould sea c ly
express our en n pe ha.s, to s y t t th r s gr t
d al too muc 'bunco n the lectur
• • •
tt
h ,
o t contin ed, to h s e pha c 1 y--
t n ou · dgment r can p 0 1 do not st d
1 n d tod o
n d d, nd
nstruct on lf- lor c tion .
t be n
as ht
e l· o
p opl "b
told of th
t isdo
n rs
tn s tues
• •
of th r g
sold h v nnounced, not s
h nifest o Ame ic •
89S t
pson, o • c • 1 rm
and
"
e
1
olis
•
90
oston ost, 22 1867 ov m r , •
C d of he
n
d t
Th b snop's
r ss .
91
oston
dvertiser, T ovemb r 22,187.
shop,
of h r
th n
u s
'
432
Th Daily dvertiser spoke from the intellectual and
moral retreat of New England . It look d upon th world from
the thin atmosphere of the trav ler who breathes the ex-
hilerating ir of achiev ment . 11 below as tawdry and
mundane . S mpson was one o the people . He had knownpo rty
and th long stru le for econom c security. e had look d
upon th ealth of th acif c Coast, and h d stood nth
shado of Colorado's mounta ns . understood the throbbin
a t O , t f r sh hop of a p ople OS rs des r
as for oss sion nd p o er, not sp ritu 1 fr do. reedo
of sort the and al h on er h nd va 1 1
to h m o pos ess d r 0 .- y, sh dne s, d
f n ss.
h nd of h 1 .a 0 n d n C
t OU ht n d 1 s
•
T V S n 1 0
co r , lo b h nn r a 0 t
bl , brou ht he 0 of rat d r 1 nd
co erpr
•
Cap al s s launched on nt C
C , for s r s ed. s n ,
t ke o cono C n soc 1 10 C OU t 0 r
t e cono
Y,
nd o 1 nd 0 o a nd th c 1 sua on
and r spon b 1 t
•
nd so r om n d
1 of e 1th and o m. A r tl
ace
1 r C s e t rd of h Lord,
e. n
on ht h r ht o s s nl r t bor r an
433
extend its powers if it protected the pe ople ' sp ritual
92
h ritage of freedom .
The pre-Civil rar doctr ne of them ss on of the Uni ed
States w s that it "should be a itness for democr tic prin-
i 1 bf th ld
,
93
t h t t
c p s e or or • Bu as t e na on re s ron
nits resources , t e doc r n p ssed from na o al sm to
m rial
s •
, nth in strue 1 fore st nc
nat ons nd r ces , " th s ok s n for th m ss on o
e c ' co f d ntly e pc the s r v 1 o f
A lo-
, 94
0 s . shon S mp on s a prop e of h
rans ....
os el o r
ot ee cl rly 11
h ch os a
bu h s d th eca es
countr o n • n h
er o t o 0 the d , h
y 0
n •
or
ops o la
nd cruc d 0
n s o
•
d n f t
u r· 1 sts h 1 d rs o th n
d . , p . 2 .
--
• 340, 342 .
s
t
oul
on n
os on
ts oft
0 h
od
d ra
t
r d
cono. c
0
0 t
cl
on
0
0
s n
on
o-
434
aymen like Dan 1 Drew , althou h they had acquired great
1th by means afterwards condemned nd denounc d , had lost
no e of their evan el cal si~plicity. In them, the bishop
s the hop of rowth ad gr atn ss for th n ton .
s the. as them~ who s rv d t once th r country and
t eir nod . And fr rom abandonin t "mess e o Chr st,"
h but ncreas d his fo r z 1 as sar t n tion en-
d nth so of spr ht osp 1 . So he a
bl n to chu c and st e , 1 ay th he
reser th t d Stats r n ru to h s lf
5
and b rm ss on.
• •
C
0
0
d
1
It
,
b o
o of co
o b n
s
r n
y
son .
ousa o n
doc r n o t
QC C
on
0
11 c d
ld d
tot
or co
la
t s, a.
or
0 C
ho 1
0 0
0
t 0
chu ch t t s
s C d, 0
p ns of
0 o h t
OS r
c d n s
s , to liz d
0 • u n V
ch ch c n
•
o of
r, h s a ulo st for co r nd church.
I n ne r found onl n c or pr s •
9
oston Tourn 1, o . ct .
1
CHA TI XII
CHURCH REF IBR
During the decade of the eight en- s xties the !ethod sts enga ed in a lon struggle hich finally r sulted in
the adm ss on of lay d 1 ates to the General Conferenc of
1872 . The victory as aspect cular one , r sin out of
a prec dent breakin stru le . Fort first t e in th
tory of the urch ab shop b c a cont oversi 1st ,
n out poken lea r in a bat le o r deno n tional poli
It as a ne role for S . son,
p C , b t one ch accor d
n min· ster ' s spons
yo man n adz,
so .eth n 0 t r C l' con
1 ed in th 0 0 0
rch . h de nds t d s
la p t on 0
bol 0 0 p s d n eld rs
C rcu t 0 pson h d C
0 0 '0 one b n
ransferre 0 tts ur h for
1
,
or
0
• Crook ,
: Har er rot
1 6 , 18 •
s 1 as forte p sco-
h hi enlar n cone t of
1 t ? •
o, on 0
ro rsy of 1828-29 ch
e 0 s ot s n
n rs er or 1 r
n ent o and for
and hops . rs
V d s pro on s 0
efo ers ,
,1
n
h s s co d p o nt n , h
•
436
had moved into the center oft elate "rad cl' conflict .
At an e rly ge , th refore , he formed n ant pathy for
ag tation in behalf o th lay members of the Church .
en the General Conferenc of 1852 mt at Boston ,
S pson as nam d cha rman of the co itt eon 1 y del -
gation . Aft r much attent on to th pt tions h ch
p~ese t d, th co itt e brought n a r port th tit s
n
ped nt so to lter the econom of th Chu ch as to
nt oduc la d le on nto t Ge eral d nnu 1 0
nc s .
2
The y as left op n, ho V r , for ven u 1
chan , 0 th co . t e and
t -
enc r f sed to
eel ns h tfuln s 0 1 ren e e on
0 0 C
' _nco
1 h t nt r s 0
et o
3
T son ors o la 1 a on, n ,
0 d a p n , b n 0 C 11 con-
V n 0 s of la n 0 co S er nd u C 0
t C s
•
on hurc co -
r-
fro OU
•
C t od-
'cl r C 1 despo n t 0
a ca t C tack un th tl T 1, or
• Bue A
(
t S pson ,
•
to o -r c 1 anuscr p .
437
,
over a statement by John esley, the Church's founder, written
n 1790 . "As lon as I live," Mr . v esley sad, "the people
shall have no share in choos ng either stewards or leaders
amon the .. e thod st s • • • A E ORE UBLICA S , AND NE R
I I TE TO B, ."
4
Con regational sts, too, att eked the un-
democratic ethodi t system, and in _ assac usetts et odist
soc eti s encoun ered d f icult in ecur n ncorporat on
pers becau e of the absence of lay representation .
5
The crit cis o
he Church , althou
h et ad econo a , 11 ounded .
it had t e lar es bod o mem es of
an deno at on n erica, as
b h m n t
•
r ach rs nd p
s C s per nt d ts) re p
t b sho , n a OU he co
ex r r nee , h d
el ct on o e pa tor
•
0 ' f C
t e 0 b 11 , r les end
0
on l C e
re-
0
ess , re det n db
t eve e r d e ener 1 co
8 enn ell
•
nl ni rs 0
use , 18 . , •
5
uled lmo t exclus 1
es din · eld r (tha 1
o·nt d to thei
g ns equen
·1c
e.l t u n t
0 C es 0 the C
r 0 ,
b d
e 1 conf r nc
er C conv ned
l,h
re
or
as v11
coul b el
1
" ill am arren S eet , ethodism in American istor
( e ; York • The ,et odist Book Concern,--Y , p . 3 O.
,
e
ch
on
h ch
C ed
t rn
J
438
d legates to these conferences.
On the other h nd , the Church had from its beginning
prided itself upon the active participation of lay memb rs .
Class leaders, exhorters, local preachers, off cers in the
Church and Sunday school all were drawn from the laity,
and all rere act v in the promot on of the Church . Thes
members, likew se , const tuted the quarterly conf rence held
for e ch circu tor st ton and s such were res ponsible for
pass·ng upon pre ch s ho d ed to nte th an u 1 conf r -
enc es . ovre r , t r u ct on d d not ch out o t
lare:er pol c es of the Church .
Late n 185, aft r h Gen 1 Conf renc ad a an
b n a at db the qu st o of 1 y repr senta o , S pson
0 0 of h s n 1 t 1 no books that, among he
ob bl ch s h ch ou d be n olv d nth utur o
od , d le on .
t tb ne a onference of 1860 s
b .
ct s
ro fo b b 0 n t e r ep co dd s,
t h n nc 0 s mp on . e 0 0 n on,"
orte , th l d 1 t on m t n ro uced
on ·nto t
,..
ne al Conferenc
r th et d p ,
ap th V n h t form be n sep rte ho s
,7
,
•
6
pso , o • c t ., ' otes of Tr vel, '
c ber 2 , 1856 .
7
crooks , o • ct . , pp . 411-12 .
439
The Conference ordered tbe bishops to take a test vot e in
t h e ye r 1861 . The e3ults were d shearten n to the
advoc tes of the reform , for w th a three- fo urths majority
needed , t h e ministers registered t heir disapproval by an
l most three-to-one vote , and t h e laymen , too , were opposed
by a subst nt al jor t y .
The c u s e of lay dele g tion w s t h en aken up b y a
newl y e st abl sh ed weekly paper , I eth od st . r nt din
ork, ent r 1 nd p ndent of he Church , t s sup-
o ted by pro n nt laymen n bl d t ed b or
8
Cr ooks , ·r nd of ps on nd 1 tr hr .
Qom e
t e r 1
heir o
. t on 1
d cl
d sa o db th results o h
ly sm 11 ·mbe of e b
on , 862 , d c
r li nd una of h
0 1
C 0
ho ad re
to re
cop 1
on .
d . n s
ot
th
•
n
red
ra-
d
f or o
opted b
no sure h "Old r . ' I f n 1
on
o h
s t
,
9
n
nor
1 tt
y
0 t
vor o 1 yr resent
,
sm
y
on.'
0
nd a.es
(S • Lo
Crooks , o • c t . , • 426 .
lOT e
stian
ethod , S tember 20 , 1862 ,
vac at e an ___ a _l, n . ~ .
uot n
e
n
e
h
,
r
xon ,
od st
a ,
•
440
He was not e asily persuaded , however , to go beyond th s
statem nt in his support of la delegat on . H ~as not by
natur or practice a refonner ether i church affairs or
soc al and politic 1 m tters . Te one declar ton had cost
_ m no 1 ttl coura e , orb shops ere expected to act as
" med ators b teen contend n p rties , and to m ntain the
x·st g s st m n its nt r ty . t as unusu 1, too , for
0
bis op to spar t i mself fro s collea ues
,11
• • •
oc S 0 fo . , r..,co z n the r t dv nta e to
he of n t h o en sup 0 t of r b sho ,
b ed 0 d ess the r con e 0
•
" not er
sub ·
C
0 0 d 0 s t e or 0 n
ti
· ot an , • 0 s ,
b r of
.e ,
Yor
e e ,
t nto
e e ust
br
to
s
nt
OS s
r·e d o e rs , . n h 0 s pso
d
0 t
s
to
C
lf .
e
cau
11
12
d 0 t n n or , fr
C , d t
.
r_o
h b shop , ft r ur
0 dress i
0 S d cone 1
0..,...
, r
00 s , op.Ct . , p 4 4 .
--
•
let r a
nd b u po r
ac or 0
ortun , e d ,
n "'or. e
n t e 1 ym n for r
t n 18
•
441
patience and their "brotherly k ndness . n He ant d t s
"state of t hings to cont .nue" so as "not to des t ro a singl e
element of ethod sm .
• •
In C icago , hes d , he had
not ce
sere s ,
o kmen elevat bu ld n ·s by means of undreds of
1 of wh ch ere turn din p feet h rmony. ~ith
no dist n ance to the occupants, the ouse m ght ~o up an
ent story .
o , that I ant to see a en do .
to see t e edif c ra sed p · thout
.
ostl n
•
a r
r
one le a r em nt . Let us ve n t
ed f , labor , pr , pr ch, C , save sou s . but
at t s e I shall be v ry uch pleas to s
1 , b a t fed , nd de orthy of he a e
V . 14
h SU 0 of B sop son d
t he ove n
but th oppos
or lay re e t ton nc es d n stre
re i r . utter n s
t
or
n
st ,
,
hea i .pson, and r tened o r n hi to
d m nt t t al Co f nc • T York an
tt r to s t nd t d
co p t V 0 r son to op o y p
tat on an to rr
t oo ted out, s
one of
a post
or ,
oft n b
re d
on ese
tu e , sm
o es pa nfull
m son .
l Ib
•
p . 416 ddress t St .
14
oc . cit .
0 f C of 0 ,
0
s lso
elat ... ons .
on, fro4 sop
nd fr
urc
442
in t s cons e quences . He cannot do , as a bishop , what
he mi ht properly do _ as am n , or as merely an ordinary
mi nist r
1 5
without peril , often n ot ithout disast r o s
r sults .
By this ti , 1867 , most of the ethodist press had be n won
to the cause of lay del at on . Zion ' s rald , herefore ,
in r sponse to the at ack , d cl red tl at b shops are "Iten
and .ethodists ," as ell as officers . It ht bes d of
them s Sumner sad of himself wh n h s obl ations as an
of c r of the overnmen nd s ab 11 ver in abol ton
seemed o co lict: ' God a e me a n befor t overnm nt
ade a comm ss on r . nl6
The conti u d ts tteck . Very re lly
ant lay d le ton, the d tor argu d and f gr nted t
0 1 acco lish no e t ood . e pr s nee of 1 d 1
t s ·ould ak no porec 1 di f nee n t e ct on
0 t n ral Confer nc sa t
'
fe n s 1 .
to
• • •
oul V 0 S ho yed o ds to t r
'honor d la b hren
ul?
• • •
s t op os ton o la d le a on c e s d d
er t m o
a ress ve n h s d
1
C
B shops
r 5 , 1867 .
s
e , h , oo,
nds for
a l"'t s ns,
r 21, 1867 .
en nd
C
roer nd ore
...
•
est 11 e
or
17
28 , 1867.
York Christian Advocate and J ournal, ovember
ed
a "des re to cultivate the most fr
443
dly relations 1th all
my brethren , whet er they pprove or d sapprove of this
measure
• • •
nl8
However, he was unequ vocal in h s stand
for it , and he sho ed h s lf a skilledcont overs al st in
h sat ck on the opposin a gu ents . The C1u ch is" h
hol e body of elievers,' hes d, an as such 'h s the r ght
o for its orm rules, nstead governed by a hier-
archy.
• •
tt
Oppon nt 0 lay d 1 g a on are:u d t hat t as
a revolut on r cl e, at t s 'rad c 1
1
-- r viv 1 of
th old conflict of 1828- 29, tha t e dd ton o la del -
t s ould ake t neral onf rence too 1 , th t th
co 0 s nd n t d 1 g t s to th r nee ~ould b
d n on h , th t "f ct ous, b t ous , ch
odly ould nd a tot Conf nc 8
. 19
C of ese r en e b C 1
d ev ·de c b s al o t n T
ho a d of r volut on y C C out
'
11
o --h lon
'
ot an- y rs 0 0 e h con
•
r nk h s 0 llo USC 1 t n n rch ,
ore 'I n spas or o b
t C u ch, t e n 0 c rn n th ch
C ery e r dr V n a
• •
• h lf a doz n fam 1 s ,
ddr ss at La Dele on
t tts ur h .
444
who said , 'Let well enough alone.,u Had not many ot er
chan es be n made in the Church, includin the ncrease n
ministers ' salar es? as not progress a law of society?
The road through the forest, nd ng around the stumps, then
the cleared nd graded turnpik, the sooth, solid macadam ized road--did th tea st rs always say " Let w 11 enou h
alone,' or ere c nals pro ected, ste boats put on th
at ays , ailro ds bu lt, t 1 raph 1 nes laid across
the moun a ns d the ocean. s ot man con tantl s e ng
to improv every rt, V ry SC enc
'?20
It 11 you,' h
s d n Boston develop ng the sam um nt, 'it is not
est to 1 t ell 0 h on, t s poss bl o do
ett
21
•
s for th cost, 'f
nd ould dd tot nflu nc
m sure b of sp
nd s ren th of th
u 1 n f t
h ch of
Lord Je us hr st
• •
• tl q s on of mon y sho ld
subord to 0 1 nd s ua
.
nt r s
'
ut st 0 r s .
r t d th co t b
?
•ro th ttsbu h Co C .
(
pr sentin h s um n
) '
t 0 del
n 1ber propos d or ch con r nc --could b ent to t
quadr nn 1 et n for th rt or fort doll rs ch . Sup-
pos f ft b allo d , nd 1 k mount or ent rt nment ,
20
oc. Ct .
st, ov mb r O, 1867 Boston ddr ss .
----· -
445
althou hit was probable that the host c ty would r ovide
place for them . The total would bet o hundred dollars •
. ith forty thous nd emb rs nth conference that would
mean on - half cent per each memb r , v ry four years . " Ho
uch we ht should b ttached to this h lf- c nt ar nt
I 1 v for you to det rm ne .
Th t as an nfluence 1s
t s us d by our doctors of d
s
• • • •
n22
r c led lso a
ov d by th
n y e - _ o
C th t
nd
nt h t ' c o s , 4 -
b 0 s , C nd un odl m n'
of th hu c • So
tur t
t n , h d
paces
t d ,
n n C s on e
•
s 1d
b e n r
udas
ch c er of h 1 , al s !
"
•
o k
h
s by t r
o cho no y
It se d
0
C
1867
•
on
C
e
00 0
t s
rl con
o 1 b
0
on ,
po
o bl c n o
nee
d
0 0 r m b rs of t
n 5 , 18 9 , es
2 - t
L OC . C •
•
t
don i th 1 s
2
s
t n
1 C 0
copa
sb r
C OS n
th
co
0 -
0 ,
be
C •
446
Osman C. Baker and C lv n ingsley, joined with Simps on in
publicly f vor n lay rep esent at on , Baker iving his assent
by attendance at one of t h convent ons , Kingsley by public
address .
24
The en ral Conf erence of 1868 passed leg slation
hich old allo t hese t n of lay dele tes in t h e next
s ss on of tha t body, prov d ed b oth 1 t y and clergy approv d
by her st t _ r e- f o rths vot • The t r s a n
nl ced b o e he Chu ch and a ctn contes t ensued . I t
as no d c d unt 1 1 ta ua con
s on ap n d to b pres n , t ke
r qu r m
25
c i ved .
enc , o e
ot •
0
ty ha be
1 te r a n Gen r 1 Cone C , t
br s e s e mon n s
t t e pro son t th s ould o
... ous on 11 r o b cc an n
'T1
-
0 d ent 1 0 i
0 t hu c h b en 0 bot
0 0 n 0
t 1 d
0 0 0 vens d be
c h s n n r 1 Con e C
• •
2
·4
t , 0 mb r 16 , 0 1 67 .
2
son , 0
•
Ct . on to "r
•
1
4 , 7 , 10 , 1 70 .
2
e e s , 0 m ,
7 •
•
8 , r, 18 5 .
s p at
co 0 0
s h
OU d
on and
of b
en
•
h ch
h
n ,
0 ,
son ,
e ,
CHAPTE XII
Aat t hew S mpson did not wear well he mantle of
politician, lectur r in public affairs , o eccl siastical
reformer . H s critics might complain of the po er tat
h r lded , his popular aud ences ht appl ud his le e ures
his time, bu found
1 tl to trac h min po 1 cs o churc r.fo- , and
h turn d his back upon t lor of th lectur pl tform .
~os of h s politic 1 influ nee
s t and man uv r go
s e ercised t ro h
fiends . Thy , r b r
h the b sop , c er com l na of the 'pro-
C tion ' o ·et od sts n ,o
o es · o so
f n , d us
s ol ac
o coo r
n n s n
C C h
C
po n en
h · s na e to r
t s
e o e
et o
bo
to
0
en ol
n
c urc an
e
for e
ore
e n
d nd
S 0
k o
t ,
h I r
0
s .
• J 0
lo
con
nd s to
boas a out t , b t pp r ntl. d no th n o p on
as such . es, ,
1
u ded t pol · t c 1
tar s r t
11
of the r • S mp son ,
11
1 ke
t 11th land on fr th h zeal •
11
shops s
'"" , 1867 .
- n and e hods s," Z on ' s
m 1 -
t,
B shop
mes w s "a stron
man
n ss in h s public
life "
2
, s
and the 1 st to push h mself
•
that th bishop could be ' subl
• • •
nev r noted form
448
k-
mpson as "by nature tim d ,
,3
ltho
h men 1ere awar • •
m 1th ri hteous
rath ,
, 4
they mor o ten thou ·ht of h s ' C r tian k n ess and
entlem nl d 00 en
u5
th r spo
of h s 'Chr st-1 keness,
•
of h s umil t nd 1 C of retens
6
Th b shop h s lf
•
cont nued the p C C of h lit by lookin nto h s o n
a 1 ct n
•
'
0 uch I e 0 11 n rat n •
co V C 0 0 t pre enc of
God--o h r
d
7
0
n m
• • •
u do b dl t h h t t of
t a
1 -
...
s ad d lar e
0 s 0 ' s pol C cc
s -
C 1 0 r . et od s s
ell 0 ct t
2
ar
'
1879 •
,
, ,
'
•
s
0 • •
0
,
4 1
1885 .
0
-
nc
•
26
n
0 ed
1
er,
6
6!
on 0 '""cot
sb te
C ,
un , 188
•
7
Ibid . , OU 1, C ber , 18 6 .
t
449
h was often 1 f~shinrton and that the doors of great men
were open to m. They bel eved that his nfluence as
rat , but they kn w also that t ere ere t es hen he was
reluctant to use for political b a ni • So the rumor
gr and persis ed th the as n dv ser , a couns llor to
thos n h h plac s . I s fella .1et od sts seemed n ver
to h v t ou ht of h mas pol t c 1 sc em r , ut , t r ,
n of o o occac:aionall rou ht his spir t 1 as a
s to b r on rs of sat .
h 1 ctu la
0 1 c d t 1 tot
t
d
X r 0
0
n 1 C of
0 soc
ot
1
0
n he u
so to
y s
•
bl c
r 1
n
0
d
or, 1
pul i •
f orb
f r
no . n
0
,
e
0
on ,
s
0.,
on
ol
t C
t . To t
pp n r c h
tons of
out -- t
0
d nc
e , ao 1
of o • o
i , s or B so S son
1 OU h a at r c d
e
v n h s 1 ctures ,
d
•
, C
h
n
s
0 t
e e n s o
r o
0
•
C SU 11
ork n o h
u ual nc d nts,
or , c lous n-
for 0 s
s ht t d as 1 pro
h 1 0 1 ctr bure s , nd res p ond d ut
450
rar ly to requ sts of non-religious soc et es . The lecture,
or patriot c address , was to him but asp cial and nc dental
exercise of his function as a preacher .
~is f llow .ethodists , proud as the w re of his
ach vements on the platform, were some hat scornful of
thos
h m pr
r o praised his public
8
ch . is rat tri
ddress
phs c e
ithout a in • hard
n the pulpit . t
t outset oft e ar, befor he t d r ached the height of
s eloqu nc and st bl sh d is n ton
0 t c urc publ c ions rot ht 'The
r pu st on, on
sho ' s ' popu-
1 r ty '
sup os
no, so we 1 stablished n
t no n d ous o , no
s
le
t
n stry su passes h · . , nd ut f , e
Tra to a 1 , t
pc ed to" ut on t
succ f 1
o se ents .
f lu , o e or 1 s s ,
n ral, a
11 r •
s le s n on fro t
Th mot o 1 r s po
and lor o s po r· n
ho 1 s
n h s s ns t
ne 1 , h
n
1 h
od
d d no
st
• • •
C r s
d
nd t
pul t o t f t st
te
b
d 'po r--
SC on o
1 . 1110
s a popu r
r ch -- h s " po r 1.' n men pr s d h , h y old
8
n 2 1865, r 0 t
"
u ,
0 d cce
s '
ut "a e de 1 belo
t hop ' s
' •
st , u r 12 , 18 1 .
10,
hod st re C n st , ly o, 1 70 . ,
451
of the effect of· his sermon on the people . Th "at tent on
of the audience [was] r veted" as h pound d th text in
"thrill n'--' and
11
loquent tones," he spoke "with extraord n ry
p thos and power ,
1 12
p ople shouted" 11 ov r the house ,
013
and "thousands hung on his lips , un llin to los as n 1
syll le , or spr to the r feet nd shout do er h tr -
hs of h hol c us ."
14
Dur n r e cld es ed
C lry re n , C p n ar th i e Ho s
•
n he
d f n s SC C 1 dr ey
• • •
n t
hole comp 0 t e hundr d n
,15
At th st
• • •
a t or Conf e ce he pr C e n o d n t on se on co -
a n n ' p s g s of r r b t nd 11 ncy .
'
• •
clos d s r rs,
It
s d on S 0
s 0 r h ns C 0 d . h o 1 re
to b h cit
,1
On t C n hurch
• • •
d 0 t
r P
re 1 s of he t od s
•
rch,
'
a OU h ad 1 s d 0 cco s 0
11
1 9 , C on o o- ,
pol t n 0
•
2 ·e .
ork al, pril 11, 1861 .
ov ber 2 , 18 7
le
'
ral dd
'
, ,
or 1, 188
•
15Th
D ce b 14, 18 1 .
. re 27, 1861 •
452
"Simpson- on-the-brain enthusiasts" and read "Glowing pan -
gyr cs " of h s "wonderful powers . " He , therefore , s zed
upon an opportun ty to attends rv cs at Asbury chapel in
iln n ton , Delaware , wen the bisho as p e chin . The
auditorium as crowded ith nterested , expectant people .
The er t c sat back, s m ny others h d don and e e to
th th int ntion of a lyz n the speak r and th s tu-
at·on , but h s soon c ugh n the rs n motion o t
cro d . 'T e eff c produc d b t sermon s mos e tra-
or n r
'
e 1 econ e on, d th C i c, too,
•
o,
'
er cb rmed , and melt d to s, b t .I. pr ac h r
ul7
• •
•
r h e the s op t cro ed h 11 n
c _ pels
0 s f or he peo le . d
stood 0 s de , un bl 0 a . t nee ,
'
a co nt
d of
18
S' con e e C s 0 0 ra • nv r
t of th ch re ] d , n ood n he
n , e r 1 . red or t 0 roo.
• • •
le ot er 1 st OU
9
s
•
n n
•
0
r C 0 r
"
t 1 C ,
a e r to e on 1 p d
• •
•
1 str t r a t · o
0 0 0 0 s
17
son C 00 p r cl pp n
•
, ,
ed p 17, 9 , o as (
t s
Tho a
'
, OU ho s) •
18
. ber 19 , 8 8 .
r
19
.ps on , o • c t . , C pbook , ne s pe r c_ pp n , n . d .
453
to catch (his) eloquent pleadings •• •" The service of
silent prayer hich follo ed the sermon as "interrupted
only by the deep sobbing of brok;n he rts and the hardly
suppress d halleliuahs of overflo ing souls."
20
Wherever
h spok gre men ent to her him: Lincoln, St nton,
Seard, and Ch so, and other n tional leaders in ashington,
he ov rnors o St es, mil tary men and civ 1 of ici 1.
Gr nt and Rutherford B. H yes r often in his congre
a Grov r Cl veland stood g io, and
n hour and
h ar h
•
21
as r ort d
h lf in th ai le of church in Bu alo to
Tr v 1 ng as h did from church to C urc , and con-
r nc o confer nc, r r ched hi
g in. It 1 probabl , ot on of hi
hi r put ion for loq ce a built
or i of hi r vori s 0
22
• • •
0 t es e on h ve lre b n r vi
r to choo ur r 1 n 1 or
hi 1 ding id a and his trod of d
r ent iv s on , r or , 111 b
20
Th Jul 17, 18 9.
21
e on ag in nd
ers , t at
u on bo t ve
Altho r
23
d ,
i 1 Il9C
-
r 0 d r t nd
elo t . 0
r -
r e ed.
Trib te fr Our Bi hop, Zion' Her ld, 8 .714,
J e 7, 1911.
22
Jos ph King, Pr onal Re in1 cenc s , Th
Advoc e, 86:1249, Augu t 1, 1906.
23
er., PP• 127-35; 171-73; 73-75; 176 19; 288-89;
2 0-1; 29 -300; 305-17.
454
Dedicat on of J: tropolitan Methodist Church . Often-
times the ceremon es dedic tin a ne church suppled the
pomp and pa eantry ih c as m· sin in the informal non-
ritualistic serv ces oft e ethodist Church . Great preachers
ere nv ted to delver the ded cator s ons and res de
over thee ere s s , m·n s rs cam f o far and near , and
reserved sets re set part for blic offic ls. Th
de ct on of the ~ etropol tan . t odi t Church s n ton,
ys befo , an 's nau ura o n 18 , s fe
just such
ant c cu s
occas on, but high end and alt d y tt nd-
Cs . or e 1 ty y rs the deno n
ad tte ted to bu 1 n sh n ton d ic "'- .... p r -
nt t 0 h h h tt nments of t od n o th
11 o
u ch s
c tectu al st nd ds of e on ' s c p
e 1 re nd s
1 .
th annu 1 confe nee
n c y end countr
D.
e r a d o co r b u
as cons t c
o t e
nt r o s •
cost of mor
for Sund ,
orn n
t 1
th n
e r
th bu ld
200 000
24
nd , ,
d
e e c s s
8 . s son ass 1 c d o d r
on
ces e e anno ced o~
- o
...
' lock ,
but an arl y
doors and b
(
24
tth
11 delph
t cods
o cock all of th s
Si son
.,.... erts
r t h
s r kn ,
m
455
except those reserved , and all of the standing room in th
galler es, audience room , vestibul , a sle, and stairways
ras cro ed . Hundreds of preach rs were present, and nearly
every annual conference as officially represented . Pe s
to accommodat about thr e hundred er set as de for of-
f c als of th st te and church and th r f 1 s, all of
hom re adm tt d , by c rd, throu h side door . In this
numb r er Vice- rs dent - elect , Schuy er Colfa nd if,
C ief ustic Ch s , n tor d rs . S ra ue, Sen o s
lson, ... rlan, Trumbull , ool ttl , erson, nd nd C !S ,
'host ' 01' r pr s ta v s , jud s , ener ls, and "l d
b nkers .
n
S ortly b e comme ce ent oft r ce
... rs . Gant nd her f
t e s , b
nc 1 b
c ed d 0 s s
d -doo r
of e bu 1
•
ro bl s h UC
C 1 U 0 h n
sac ed d f c
• •
,25
1 , nclud n h
- lect d
0 C n s
p b o
on r
fath r, r ach d
no m eh s pp
t t .
'
e p
o-
te d
nt er
s ond s,
po r ,
1 of
r
1
Th b sop s d s s mon on z k l ' s son of a
r o 1 f , u n fro t oly pl and spr d
25
imp~on, ., o . ct . , Sera book , n ispa r
--
cl pins ,!!.•£·
C ,
456
26
verdure as it poured down the brr n hillside . The text
was th same that he had us d th rty years before to conquer
the he rts of Ind ana ethodists .
27
ut on th s 1 tt r
occas on the th me was more compr hens_v , mor cathol c ·
th sp ak r was cone rned not ith the pro r ss of
ut ~ th the advanc of Chr st n ty . T ng up t
thod sm,
v sion
of th prophet , hes
of th tern le sit
h mo stur hr n on th altar
on so ston
v ss 1- -a fe dro s t irst, a tr c , th n as r ,
nd t 1 t ty torr nt th t "a n c nnot pass ov r .
sa o c barr n, roe y, d p c p ou 1 d, no
orna en d t hubs, nd h ank o r o t
So as Chr st n , n v r v d n nd o n st
ne f r
,
d like th rs of'
b t of lco g
n
-- OS
1
ed c on or
t
1 f -
n d h-
on o
at r o
n
n s va
26
The st,
n
o th s on . ucceed
27
Cf . pp . 1 7-35 .
d rt
alo.
a 1 s,
Chr s
p
of
n
lands
,
h b k o
or
n o
11
•
h
s of he pla ns
, 0
1, 18 9, st no
fer nc s re to
d ,
pr nc 1
C 0
0 1 f
th r
1 s
c r po t
OU C •
•
,
y
r
457
travellers have found "licent ousness and vice in their
gross st forms , " the bo sted C inese c vilization plagued
by infanticid and vie • Look at "old C hina , ~1th centuries
upon her head , 1th four hundred and fift y m llions of
p ople i n hr bosom, cla m n to b t he C lestial Empire,
co i ne nd si tin d own b sid Y o Amr c a , a s n f or
n t ruction, nd l i h t . " s t _is? " B c u
e h h c oss of Chr st ove r shado in us , nd th riv e r
o 1 n lo n h ou our m ds t . "
he n ed t ates , a ove 11 oh Cl r t n co
en c ed as t
b 1 t c co 1
p
0
h 1 n nd to
al to h
T
n t
r t
o o ce
t S 0
0
t e bl ss n so od , ad a res on
on f 1 d en c so
opl o ve y to upon th
s r o oth 1 s s 1
• • •
c 1 dd ss 0
of r
f
orou
d o
C
al to
o 1 n
ch
r s ,
n o
0 so 1
od
n n o o cos c t on o
he rov de ce o God .
s pl , co th rat o
of od . T o
s op • s s nd r
h ,
z on o
0
h
r
cts of
C
not
n .
458
Fortunately, th re remains a steno raphic report of one of
28
h s sermons pre ched on this the e, specifically . e
began with the false deas of prov d nee , th conce s held
by the un se , or used by thos who w she to scorn or
ridicul • If a man rid under a fall n mount _n , e asked ,
shall God sty the la of r it ton nd sav
?
.
eo to sea in brok n v ssel , shal od eac out
f h
sh nd
h s and save , wh 1 t ot rs r sh? o , that
d rs and n o ork s o pro d nc • u b ond th
nat rial orld God h d bre th d nto
th D v ne natur , ' n
h nc a man ' s
co e
ir o th
SU
n 'an
i d . "
st d.
ns
• • •
of
o can t 11
C n
' co
o our
0
n
1
' d
uls s , 1 n ,
s ,
t
no to
mount
s d n
n
0 00
sc re 1 0 •
an
lot .
h oes o s ,
o to s a . So ho
k
n. ...
0
o r or
en a
r
s 1 .
11
1
roe •
ho o do
b
, or o
d of v
nth
no
o b
fa 1
u
r
h
on
s poss bl
n h
f 1 n
, 0
0
r ht o
n po rt , ho
?
.
r 1 fe e s ery s ver 1 • • • ? I c n onl b d
r 2
0
871 , st
ucce d
p
ref
c r oort
nee
459
that " God ay see it is just the ay in hich thy should
b led themselv s, and th way that is best for th ir
f ilies,' for "The st ps of a ood man re order d byte
ord . " One o the f rst lessons Crist an must learn is
"To b content never tate wh rei w ar . ' Do sorrows,
roubles, e h so heav ly that
OU soul s ssed, nd ea, d s d . s t
ver OU t at you ne d all t is
so e po ught o b u of d
n ture, t ,
d 0 0
n n h t b 0
1
s , 0 s ec u
C 0 C.A.f C
•
C of 0 1 C
C .d
•
ok n
e C 0 SC r d d a a b n
rn s of e s th
o tm~b spo d
0 , ro 1 an
ous fo n 1 n n oft o ... pro d nc o n
460
comfort in the rationalization of the speaker, and those of
the congregation who drank deeply from the cup of sorrow or
oppression may have been 'melted to tears,' or roused to
"shouts of v:ictory," by the tb.ou ht that they, 11k the cut
diamond, could "shine and sparkle 1th the S viour•s glory."
Th er o th Invisible . Som hat s1m11 r in th me
------
to T-he Speci 1 Providence of od, as one of th bi ho
1
mot fr qu n ly pr non , kno o h blic a
The Po er o the Invisible, but r f rr d to in hi journ 1
nd iaries o er a eri d of any ar s 1 a Uns en,
or 'Invi Sine th ri of ill ri m n h
o tie, nd he st d o p opl to ~ t co v rt
t cond com ng o Chr st ,
29
and co 1nc1 nt th
d , d c de 1
n o 1
or r 1 0
a
n t
h
1 vi ible.
ol 1
l C
d e
t.o comnun c
0
r, o S 1 1
, nee
11
nd
d been cur o s an
hit
,
r 1 CO C
on in 1 1 cur on h ... rt
c iv 1 ex l
th d d no
h an. H
i tu 1 , he
u
he o
on h
0
ub d h
l
it
i n-
0
1
0 1
tur l
0
n s1
po r o s 1 o ct on r 11, but d d not
29
alph Henr G br el,
t: An Int 11 ctu 1
-...-..-*r-ss Co any, 1940),
( or:
s.
461
quest on the b 1 t y of spirit to com ne th sp rit .
30
So hen he preacbed on the ower of the inv sible he did
not have in m nd any rh sp r ng , or
pres("
ons, or V S ons
ele sed by a upernatur 1 fore , e d d not th nk of
sec al disp nsat on for the elect of Go
•
He { s
th nk n
ather , of th util zation nd d r ct on of a man's n tural
abil ties. "Im p ss rou h the arden of a f r nd" ,
sad, nd "obs v tha th ar lks tastefull lad
ut · t t t r s b autiful hru bery one ther hand; th t
e ar flo rs ih c m d 1 ht.'
1
ut th r nd m
ask
t1
ou not ce tha cha n a.r t p nk. OU
no C th t p ss on lo r , or that 1 fro
land
n
een 11 t flo r s p .
h d not ed 0 00 p rt cul rly
t b c n , n befo e th t flo t 1
pt ls, se of , d
d cl d on
11
of a C s 1
" .
-
er. b for
•
looked n
t s th r spons 1 t of to C lt t t s
b t of look upon th un n, 0 of nd n h
r t n 1 , t lln s 0 0 an ut h c
0 ss s .
,
ha be n
t.
e a n ro alle n ar our
of s t.
OThe h 1 d lphia
31
pson (
cceedin
• Croo s,
: arp r
r
s, nuar 4 , 186 .
his
as
on
upon
462
Around me there was gloom• but , as I gazed up upon the
mountain ' s top, I saw the rad ance of the sunli t --
not shining on me . I knew there as a sun shin n lmseen
by me , which was gilding these summits w th beaut ; •••
God hath thrown a halo o beauty orer all th ngs vis bl,
and they look out as to ards the unseen .
power of' the unseen iv s stabil ty of ch ract r . Just
man , hen SW mrnin in som swollen r ver , fixes h s ey
he opposit bank nd ns st ad ness , so the " z
the unseen enabl s on to hold on h s cours tbe
t r ct ons and th allurements of life . "
n
on
• • •
alon opens u th d st nt to our vi
•
One t ke
11
th
0 of od, and z t ro nto t un n •
t
• • •
y
1 m d t p tr arc s nd prophe , ob C centu y
aft r C
• •
0 C e on of the orl
• •
•
] y 0 OU ht
•
• •
b
· e
ards
• •
s
s-- h s , the fall of s ,
a t
1·
ns • nd
• • •
look n
on nd e
• • •
nd see th ] lo a
the t sh 11 ndu [ s 1 ] .
n th sh·do s f 1 , h n ri
.
ust ov r s p ss
'h bound y- n
'
h n , b the d 0 d th-
b d e rav , 0 n ous to 1 f he
V 1 c shroud t n s ble from v
?
.
1 t 1 C ld n sat nee , nto nos
s look d th e ds cl sp d
OU n C , 0 hos C e Rs d ks --
can almo t 1 th ... throb r rts to-d
•
h p s ro us , but re t y.
be n s ble .
• • •
01"11 mes the 1 beco s
so 0 e h t s e th
br rou it, and e Cc:i.Il 1 ost
h of tho 0 n
• • •
463
Do these loved ones remember us? Do they think of us still?
Shall we know them in the other world? To nswer these
questions he turned to the bible, the stories of which he
accepted implicit~. There was tr e incident of the damsel
who was desd, aw dow's only son being carried to the grave,
Lazarus already wrapped and in the tomb, all of them restored
to life by the h nd of Jesus . n they came back from the
nvis bl , dia t~ey not know t eir fr ends1 d they not
e the reco z th 1 lo d ones? did the not re 11-
and the fa · 1 r places of om
Yes , "Th lo if ed
sa nts love or
st 11 . '
th st 11; our k ndred n e en lo e us
The otbe ,ho counsel ed e, n ho bore n
nfa t, ho t 1 d to n my
r P
r y a s, bo
d nth f go , sh s m o h r
t ... d .r h c h d s 0 1 ty
s the s e
•
s e lo s e s 11.
jo
.
st on the other
• • •
• e C on 0 some
0 us . r b r r d toils,
and hen o up h er . T s fl n
1 nd as look out oy tom h r
•
h t n,
r. V
st 1 t n of r 1 co fo
and
.
hour of e.dn s but lso stren b 0 ,
or tempt t on, d C ur for ffl ct on . h yo g man ,
f 0 horn
'
' allur d
b- mus C and soc et , nd the
loon nd the doo s nd bers t t do do to death,
let he "tho ts of e ble co e to h she rt a e
s 1 st n ne_ tot e e tch n m c,
11
and e u n a y
t
"from th s o nes of temptat on, he
0
oes to the house of
pra er to seek the Godo his father , and to dedicete h m
self to him."
When the afflictions of lif are upon us," f we
can look up beyond he seen, how t e ·oys of the unseen
can sustain us !
464
See the oor ido hos ch ldr n re er in fo brad .
s
h e
e
1.,
Th iinter ' s sto es abo t e · t fuel is
hausted n her ire . ·ht er sb 11 she turn? T
ch rit of the s ems cold; but f sec n look
up nd b ev ouse s pr pa d for h , that
11 a e hers , th ts sac 1 of od nd hi
of lory, sh c n pe y hr t rs, nd po t er
ch ldr n to tLe sp rt-land · ands e can b ha even
in t . dst o f , ec use sh kno s t rth
h s o sor o s n cannot cur •••
0
on s
e
h
~ n t r
o e 0
1 b 1 church o th en h cen r h
r db a 1 ck of soc rs on ib li y,
U CO C rn 0 e is oss se, nd he ncour
c olo c 1 esca sm . ut h n o pr c d
s no "soc 1
shad o
s a d p
n
1, e
unto r ac o
0
0 0
t r 0
or
2
•
0 of r
no f ous c C S .. , on s o 1 e o · o e .
f
0
t
er
bn s nor sle p
ld cs r.c y of rel
r
, h d
oc r'n flt
th orld s, but
r 0 0 .n ra e .
harles Ho rd hopkins, The Rise of the Social ospel
in American Prot tantism, 1865-1 aven: nl-
ver It Press, 1940), p. 147.
465
The f re cher who stood n the pulpit was for them neither a
tyrant nor an instrument of economic forces, but a prophet
of God own for h s "broad and l.iberal humanity," h s
nkindl y heart • • • [and] chari t eble hand • • • n
33
Beh nd
the 'white heat of h s loquence, ,
34
people sensed a
"deep, out rell n tenderness ••• " He had that 'unction
1h ch comes from a heart f 1 ed with lo to God and man,"
and as he poke 'there ould come~ pecul i ar flash of
el ctri c ~o ~r , and t e aud enc
5
o t of t emselv s .
11
Such pa
fo d
.
the bishop s portr al l.Il
ould be Cc.lrr
and
d
s t h
holly
p opl
of th ble 1as but
re t cathars , a rele e for t ei p nt u emot 0 s ,
esc e fro th rd re 1 t e
on t s oun er co t
. V found lac of nropr_et y
n nt too erson tt.:e
e , too a 0 zi
late h at on
l: r h C sed
d
. ,
t 11 r t
lp
J e 9 , 1884 .
34
e Y ork
26 , 1884 .
n
ts rent
o beat .
on C
o ·
the s .
po ary , 11 roo ... s,
n cert n of il u tr
., nee
0 th r s
cur of C l d 0 b t
kn , hos thro n
t for h pre ch n of th
st
1 7
ra n ,
d ou al , un
--
an
t
on
5
' sho
, 1911 .
i pson's C n nar tt Z on s erald , 89 : 71 - 4
n
• •
6
Dutton
7
11 ps Brooks , ~ectur son
Co_ p n , 891) , p . 116.
te oft n ppl ed to S mpson's style .
ork:
,
466
There was nothing in them of the torturous detail w_th
which
'bloom
" • • •
sop mes told of Jes n h s chi d at h s door
with heal hand beaut ful 1th ber lo n ; lools
nd return n ,
"burned to death , "
fter 1 bor ous days , to f"nd her
"a blackened c nder • • • '
38
1 or wer
the as p in fu 1 as T • De, i t T 1
Cl ca · o ire .
' s descr ton on the
ark tot t e
• • •
V
r nt 0
s 0 S
o be er
to th s
-to b ,
1 ren
0 •a
-
0 non as
cto
0 h 0
fro t
blocs, that fa 1
of th t f m·ly , g
n for le , unt t
t , d the t ~
•
0 i m son's s
t d or
0
•
e
t e n bl , 0
no 1 d 0 ro d nc
•
0
o stop h
ther d o
f 11s,
rs, d all
mons , t
V t
s C
co r
pok
e
0
"
t t ov com t t orld, o r
41
th th 0 the d
o:' e r n
42
t
•
el S
n
?, r,
od s tor an
atur 1
lo ...
enc
--
t, cto
40G
•
C ooks,
(
ork : ar r
,.
roth rs,
41
1 ohn, 5 • l .
42
rooks, rrions b
pn . 19 -205 • • efere ces to
s t
for e
s,
If
n 0
s 1
0 loq
r 2 , 1871
0
-
, p .
d
due
r
nc
r
s nst t e
or, 0
•
ort of s rmon .
on
00 . C t . ,
ource .
4 6'7
teechin t e number and forms of letters , or them rks upon
a book , " but "th companionship of th great and ood and
'l s e n distant 1 nds and dist nt ag s .
ft
It was the widen-
n of the ci cl e of t hou hts unt 1 a an r
tt
re ter
and stronger .
11
aith for th st t sm n was s e n · "the
tops 0 far-off to gh s h i ch co on m n n ver sa
n
for ,
th h st an "a pace that C e rs an tre ~ thens ,
t
a
v cto yo r sin and th do in on of p ssions , " a jo ous
tr h o r n
Thes t OU hts
s lor boy " ent , n
h
V •
m 1 sh d :J t llust ons of
to , u th • • • a ds t
th s
of
n cod
t
. . . , udent
n ' n
corne
e t let n knots ar b
• • •
n OU h COS ·cs
nd
• • •
lps ol on
• •
• d n o
s a X
• • •
d scr b t
poe
on 0
to
s
1
t
r 1 d t 0 t e c en OS nds s
0
'
on 0 s lf
.
n VOU s d co e , y
1 s n sp
r,.l
'
u 0 r
0 C t 0 s .
t
p
ours look n out nto
the B ns [ ] he ad e n om pl n r sturb nc
t
,
he pursued nvest gations , resolved formulas .
468
t length he
vas abl to say "' There s a n world and I h ve found it.'
• •
• He had fa th in the dist nt; n the mrnutability of the
laws o sc enc; and for tha fat he rejected the pl asu s
of oment . '
r nces
•
. 11 rd ard h pre ch tb s sermon t
t e Des la n s tin , n r v nston, t he o tb ak
0
· t e C V 1 . ar . ' I h ve h a d a re ch rs ,
"
s d,
C r, Tal , pu 0 n n lan , C th n
"'nee ,
bu , 0 t OU ht , no f t as r so t ad , 0
s sta ea, so lo , s t of s op on on th t
1 d
4
0
• • •
ht t 0 d p o 1 p sent on tat occ s on .
0 0 th 00 to nd th
e a or t to i ter
'
bo t n ,
C s u to h 0 s ,
1 t cou no s , s n OU t
c ac
h 0 h 0
0 t 0 0 0 t
h C 0 0 C o n
0 e d e se on befo nd no co
1
o 1 to t old
t
sen ce d b e S OKe 0 t r prof 0
I 0
to s tt n 00S ur om nt la h spr n o h
.
4
11 rd , o . ct., p . 2 6-7 .
469
feet,
and stood , t nse and stra ned in his eagerness to
catch
every ord throu th scr en of boards .
n
He
• • •
stood thus for n hour and a half , braced a ainst the bunk ,
"tears o ten trickling down his ch eks unre rded
• • •
oc-
cas
onally catching his br th n t e ntens cit m nt • •
•
Two accounts rema n of p esent tons n ew n land ,
both o th m prob bl tot
45
n e s m occ son . e
as celled upon on Sund orn n to pr ach t on of th
u 1 confe nc s 0 r C e s p es d n
•
1 r e
ch cro d d d lled to st nd .
6
C s man
~ r
com
'love-fas ', pr c
to ' test y' , so
th s on , av
t th " en 1 co
any an opportun ty
o of os oft
as
0
ud nc s
1 e
0 cco m
ob d
s r
b
0
44
r
st, 1884 ·
It
• • •
t
'
7
0
•
on' s
t
1
,
ton ,
4
47
uckle , loc . ct .
reat .odern
t of e c ncy d ep
on C 1 r C a 0
pr C
1
or he rs f
nc d s o nt
•
d 1 d -
oop
C
,
do r v , 2 · 18 - 19
1 tt r· shop
June 15,19 1.
"
e cher , loc . ct .
0
44
n
t e
0 •
470
impress vein its g neral effect •••• As her~ dually
worked himself nto th heart of h s subject , sf eling
gathered , nd e becam nc~ecsin ly sensitive to th
subtle , sympathetic nfluenc proceed ng from the audi ence , h s quavering tenor vo c gre p netr ting , r sonant,
sympath t c , d mpass on d • the stoopin fi ur becam
erect; or ssive esture s no loner restra ned ; t
dull e es re k ndled nto a blaze by th lon pent
up f re th n ; his thou hts s em d to play over his
f c like a luminousl rd t n at osph r , and , un
consc ously, on elt the fore of th s r d d scr pt on
o a famous pre chei 'h u 1 man~ o beco es be ut ful
h esp ks •••
The cl ma of th s r on c me n
ch s f ct of
th r nds · so
pt nd 1 uh d
s r th
1
on
d h k
n s o
s
C
1 C
0
t once .
allelu·
C • tt
0 t
• •
t
Co s .
a r s ons 0
0 t
too f n
f co
c, ct
roo s, of
49
OC • C t • •
'd r n allegory , '
0
C n
ob·ect on 0
0 e
of
0
s 0
f
•
,
e nd
to
0
• •
r
sils
o ts
• "
471
w th me nto the hea ns , opens to me th sol r system
so ha oniousl and beaut fully arran ~ed ; c rries me
beyond that syste o numberless oth r systems whose
suns are but the i ed stars I see ; I o 1th her to
th nebul e end look at the vast rorlds that compose
them; ava o the fle ecy cloud w r 1 ht just tr mbl s
on the verge of shade ; a a to the suburbs of th uni
verse , and 1hen I hav eached t last star an hav
sat me om , I t 11 for ore . I look p nto th
fac of my ui d ' s tr: all." And s as s ,
' ~s t enou r 1 not s of h
nd ut s of h eno to at
soul. st er not sdo p o so ma
o so cons ever hr a OU
an h et still , som s a
n .
an
e too
he
0
,
old ·
sh
1 h
, en
clos d,
•
Burslem. In 1870 , Bishop Simpson for the second tim
represented his Church at the British esleyan Conference,
472
which met that year at Burslem . ~ uch as in 1857 , he outlined
n a seres of "v vid d scriptions" the remo.rkable progress
of his Church and Country .
11
1ot ng could exceed the nobl
eloquence of h s addr ss . • • " t oueht an n lish corre-
51
spondent . The in 1 addr ss, however , was ic ly
fo otten n the pr se ·ven to a se on 1h ch h
t
t
red to h Conf
n mad to
cha 1 as "d
se T
os e cl s
e y
p tfo
y
nc
n
h
da s 1 ter .
r ce ens v
1
y, ut
d' b th hour nn - d for
lo r loor · r oc ·up ed
s, and all th all r s
52
th a c e r nd exc t
d le ton
la t n rs . .
nee .
15
• 0 t
...
b of
0 a C
·or h s
1 s
of h s t S 0
h
th
C t
ff ct oft
It
I
r c r chos
e ld r a
a 1 d
to 1s br thr n t e tr ls of h
up nto t
on on the Conf
hr
p s
,
str •
•
fro th
1
ut
t r I' C t
51
d, u st 2 , 1870 c
---
n t e
52
r acr·n in En 1 nd, ' Th
5
Crooks , of
Ctn • • dg •
54
cts 22.24
a famil ar one to Amr can ethod sts, an exhortet on to
n sters wh ch Simpson had often d 1 vered at conf rences .
It had produced a very deep impress on" upon Cal fornians
55
in 1854, and members of th Ore on Conference, gather d
i a frontier sc oolhous near B lknap s ttlem nt, thou ht
t mor th n ishop S pson
1
s o as God's and
hr st
1
s.
56
t e v r Dam,
n town as "cramm
ain ad ssion" to
full,
r t
scons n, th lar est 11
d yet hund
scours •
57
T
un bl to
b shop d -
1 v rd th d r ss to h rs
0
58
on C w th
t
t
raord n ry p thos nd 0 , n h n h
pon to s t t 1 1 ctu son r ac
anc of h s s
59
s .
on n S C
t ursl h b shop be n n
nc s m d, h 0 S
nt or to th er rs, t
b - t put
0 t
SU 1
pl •
0
h
0
SC 11
clud d
0
,
or
to
0
4'73
t s 1 s
sop '
r t 0 o n o be o n d . '
5
son,
•
b ar 24, 54 0 1 ornia
e]
5
ooks, t ., 2 8 . 0
•
C
•
57
t, mb r 2 , 18 7. ov
58,
Con ondence ,
'
.
or enc 0 r s
a ourn 1, r 1 11
pso.n, ectures on Preach n
-
I
~-
C t •,
pp. 5- 6.
474
But there was " a s or t of m nor tone n the vo ce ' whi ch
touched 'the hart even m ore than it charms the ear . " I t
Vias not long before a sentence from the speaker ' s lips made
on " , "a thr 11 al m ost el ectr c run throu-'!h the congre at
and in anoth r m oment " a temp st of responses " rose
a ts of the chap 1 .
60
n all
n t e f rst aud ble respons c ro th udienc ,
or rh nth flo ofter b snot r cord db those
0 ot of th occ sion . roba 1 not nth n t 1
planat on oft te t , or th f rst br ef narr to o
a l's xperi nc s , nor t n the ar ents that path-
a
n
ct
let
as m rk o t for C st C
ld ollo ; th j o , o t ht b , and t
1 C 11"
ery
t . op ortun
ster of th
s for estin ts v 1 d y
c thr C
n h
' 8
h
om 0
r ,
h s
th
1
osp 1 . rha st
dmon ton o o ts - -
t f 1 . t e o
t
n
re , s 1 er
nd h
h s
re co r -
nd 1 h
us ouch d
fo lo
t of no
ut r th thou ts t t od h v n h
•
6
Bishop Sm on • r C n In n an,
61
Croo s ,
rs an
to s so rce .
Perhaps the emoti on of the aud ence r ose to a tempest as
the sp aker drew upon the famil ar figu e of cutt ng the
ro gh edges from the d amond so that "fro every angle and
ever part there sparkles out the glor ous 1 ght •••• It
s sow th us
• •
• God knows ow much polishing w requ r ,
and h n the ork is performed h ill t old the hand.'
s the sp aker be n to d al th t "call" of th
m n st r, th r ac rs n the congr ton must hav felt ,
s a corespondents d,
11
h s n kno 1s ·· 11 h r so ls .
e se ms to 1 d sid by sid 1th th m rou h th ir
rl r 1 f , c nd t h rk d, st ough b som mir cu-
l ous ns ht, ever mov n nd stru 1 of h r t
•
o ch e t of e 1 cl s t e dd ss
. e spea d n o sonal cenc
•
0 ,
h lt h t h
'
, US
r o do o et 1 n or ,
orld,
'
t ne to 1 0
ot r . lat c 0 n n h flt ust t 11
r . e to r, n
"
t r do h r
•
c ee
1
e tol ud h a enly 1 C u on ,
h C an s d,
'
son, ha b pect ·n t s
e
r OU r born''
f ct t of anoth r' 'm net C s 1 ock"
s b OU th con r on. n pt and so d
2
shop S pson re ch n n 1 nd , " loc . ct .
75
2
476
tt ith no att mpt at concealment,n and the whole congregat on
he ved with n emotion w ich no on
63
cared to repress . "
Tp in the allery th two m r cans who had gon to observ
coldly
11
the s er t of h s power ,
0
had 'fallen under the
spell of the great pre cher.'
11
both wept , one of them
64
re no ted , 'for etful of th others .
Th preacher srept on w th his r ·uments , d t 1 n •
t he respons bilitiesof t e min strand arnin of the
icu t s nd ardsh p . .. nd th n in dr m c cl he
p ctur d t SU r n of t po tle aul , me C t m
th "t e h ro c ut er nc
'
.one of these t ins 0 ' t
,
•
.I. e
sa "
t ostl t k n OU de tb al of C ty nd
t roe nd t cks unt 1 he fell b s d nd ound
ene es en 0 f , le V n h for ed .
0 0 ~ s s ,
P,
lood
ro h s face . C tches th
1
•
and sa
•
ha 1 T
OU
• • • •
a to r
sp aks . I e 0 1 a d e
s OU th s ords . on t 0
'
•
C
pe n e
t
11
f or y r s s
ent , and t
6
OC • C
•
. 203 .
4
Croo , The
n
r
ve
p
0 ollo ed t h OS 1 0 o h r
s , d stro ma d
o e • t lood ckl d do m fro
ople lef h n s ,
fe of
,
477
tbe first words he spoke were •None of these thins move me .
s mind ' s y h s~w the apostl a an , fter h had
been shi recked and had spent •an ht and a da in the
r • he , as e aust d,
de ep . '
rr
.... -
rater dr pp d from his
d appar ntl 1 feless , but a an th same u teranc 11
from i 1 s : one o t t s move
•
t last :t
s t ken to t J.
~ero . Th da of
r son at ome . T ce h had ood o ore
s xecut on as n r . h t d t
our o h s d t , h
c ar e to
0 in h
rt t
mo thy , "
osp 1 .
t
h
r
Do
rot
• •
d com
lat 1 t r , deli r
ar s r· nd h er l
If t e ere ever is
o th X r S O •
C
t
,
d h
0
a
•
come
s
11
to
as mbl , · ou t 0 ch, er d
.. t
0
t e
r p t d o
only,
n t er
6
T mot
' J. 0 1 -0 t'
t
ul ' s o
ru h o
n t s
a
of tr h :
0 S ,
or
s
ars o v r , nd ' o s
n loc . c
•
half-smothered yet irrepressible ••• hard all over the
66
cLapel .
78
The co clus on of th sermon as an e rn st appeal
tot undecided , and encour g ment to the pent t to come
to t e Gros • • • ' t s del ver d th 'flas n e s ,
and vo ce ra sed to ts full co pass , nd et 11 form of
t e pre cher , b nt no lon , but carri d to ts utmost
• •
It
.1th outst tched s , pl ad ' for h s ei h .
st r' u of lo , and o d enc , and f
67
t •
e se on a r u rd n our d qua ter or
e ver , b t t econ on sat n 'bre ttent·on,'
ce t for h n · p on o so s, ent so s
o a
or
t e
t
t . '
r t
shop t e
ad so
ber d s
s of
of o e
so ·r tl
con r
tan
ul
s
6
OC • C • t •,
67
Loc . c •
--
od
8 r t
1 an Co
t 20, 1870 .
o eard t sad t t 'ne r
OV d .
8
r occa on
n 1 nd , ut one
h
0 0 d
s ar 1870 .
69
· r nc , '
69
Crooks , o . ct., p . 20 .
CHAPTER xrv
THE SOURCE OF SIMPSON'S ELOQUENCE
When Matthew Simpson wa dea, young men who had
never felt the peculiar, thrilling hock and po er of his
oratory, glanced 1th critical aloof'ne sat the cold type
of hi rmons or speeches and wrote, These ddres e must
have sounded better than thy red
• •
• [the7] must have
borrow d much from the p ak r• rne tn s or purpos and
1
temper nt. 1th that judgment th friends
of Simpson ould not hav quarreled. Hi thought , put on
p pr, aaid an e rly
p cu.liar loquenoe.
y to g t any ide
2
• •
of hi
Deli erz. ~ t t a
1 ordin ril con i
r, oul lo
nother id,
po er, nd t t
ot 1 hi d
di nee.
nly
e i 1 que t 1 pite ot b 1
pp d i v ic, b t 1
ost of hi
Ther as but one
3
a to h r h •
--
the ord
c t 11 d
o o tor. ot
oc 1 r
g in t hi , id cr1 1c ho rot t h h 1ght of th
b hop' popul rity, but h 1 r c 1 0 o t o t e p -
(
0 g
1
2
tth
R. Cro
!bid., ne
G neral Confer nc
pp clipping,
ot 1860.
pbook, n paper r 1 w
thew 81 p on),~-~•
.d.,
--
ritte jut r
scribed rules of gesture ••• "
4
The opinion was universal. All who wrote or the
eloquence of the bishop, secular and re11g1ou preas,
ethodist and non-Methodist, poke first of their disap
pointment. He did not look nor act nor ound like a
480
orator. Tall and spare ot trame, 1th heavy, tooping
houlders-- hich eemed ever to uggeat to om the scholar,
to other a an who bore too great a hare of the orld'•
burdens--, long a kw rd arms and clothe ich med nev r
to .fit; forehead made lo by- the growth of light brown
h ir, larg
f ce--had h
and slightly acquiline no e, a sharp triangular
5
the fe tures and prop rtie ot an or tor
or ere his critic 1 ed1 tely eli ved hen h
b gan to speak. It as his h bit to open his se on by th
announc ment an xpo 1t1on o t xt. The pproach a emed
ome t dull an t sp k r indi fer nt. T fi t 80 d
or hi oice wa not t e 111ng, sonant 11 hich
t b t d or n o tor. So thought hi oic
d badl d,
6
e e di gre able,
7
oth r
t t 1 not ple t, ne th r 1 it unpl a It
S paon, loo. cit •
• • ood, Pe rless Orator: t v.
(Pittsburgh: Pit burgh Printing Co., l90gr; p.
son
6
The et odiet, July 14, 1860.
7
Bo ton D ilz Ad ertiser, ovember 22, 1867.
was neither "musical nor deep nor well modulated," in tact,
it had "few of the qualities which elocutionists rightly
commend and develop.•
8
In bodily action, too, he was "not
specially graceful or pleasing."
9
Although he moved about
freely, it was with ome awkwardness, and he gestured
"sparingly. lO
In consequeno, men were not struck 1th his b 1ng
great or notable" until he had spoken a _ tew inutea.
11
Th n as h a d to his subj ct, hi tooping should r
r ct, his• bol frame often trembled with th
po er of his utt ranee,
12
the voice whic had been shrill
or 1nd1ffer nt b gan to vibrat lik th 0 0 ilver
1
blu, t
1
b c u
bu e •
• •
1gur1ng is
hi d ep
d it oi t
He
ol
e ed to po
n 1 to
C J. L
. . . (
i
0
ore violet th
, 15 or t ey n h d
s th o r o
st o i
Th ethodist, ul. 1 , 1860.
d
-
1 0
481
9
Bo to
10
Loc. cit.;
1
s1 p on, o • cit., Sc pbook, n e clip , n.d •
Rob r L ncolii - [Prob bl 1868• r to Sip on' r
r rl ] •
12
oo, loc. ci.
13
Tributes tro our Bi hop , but o Rob
cinty-re, Zion• H rald, 89:715, June 7, 1911.
14
our Departed Bi hop, Christian Ad ocate and Journ 1,
ugust 28, 1884.
15
Bi hop Simpson' Centen '17, F.d1tor11, Zion's
H er d, 89:715, June 7, 1911.
482
an idea,• his whole body was "so filled with light that you
could fairly see it shining through him ••• n
16
Although men thought his voice below the standard of
good elocution, they were much impressed with it. There
was "a sort of .minor tone [in it] ••• which touches t e
heart even more than it charms the ear ••• •
17
Sometime
it "took on a plaintive pathetic tremolo, and entered n's
h art · hether th y would or no. Te a w re in his voice
and were produe d by 1t, yet he very rarely dl'Opped te r
h ·selt.
18
Then · gain, with a ahrillne a and cleames in
19
hi voic , and a railroad sp ed and po er, hi sp
O · th
it
0
listen rs tro
loq c
th ir
[ eh]
20
ch od rn p ycholo 1 t b 11
the hearer --
• •
• 11.ft d
1n C
1n
o e
16
s1mpson, o • cit., J. L. Cran , n p p r clipping,
. , 855.
17
Bi hop S1 p on' Preach~
thodi , t 27, 1870.
18
hop Sip on' C nten ry,
n l Confer nee,
n
Chr1 tian Advo and
,
..,
27, 1852.
20
Lon B h Dailz
e s, st 10, 1868
21
21
Freder1c • Davenport, Pr. 1m1t1ve Trait 1n ious
ival ( e York• The acmillan Compan , 1905, P• •
"a certain indefinable, indescribable singing whine,"
22
"a monotony in his intonations ••• a favorite cadence
from the fifth to the first note in the acale,"
23
which
to some seemed "to impair the hearer's sense of the ex-
24
c llenc of his matter, but which to others was a
thrilling emphaei
• •
• roll[ing] down upon the 11 ten-
483
ing ear as if to settl the truth into the very soul.
,.25
• •
Ethical Factor 1n Deli ery. It as th "apiritu 1
po r, the unction, of the peaker hich impres ed men
mot . ot just hi good character, although writers r -
qu ntly co ent d upon hi sympathy, hi kindnes , hi
goodne , but it a thos in the Aristot lian ns, t
t St • • • C
t d by the peec its lf, and not 1 ft to
t
ne
nd upon an antec d nt 1 p sion tat the pea er i
or th t kind o an.
26
T er a a gentl
in hi r onality, d ep, out lling tenderne
22
si p on, loc. cit.
23
Th n r
2
4Loo. cit.
Con r nc, loc. cit.
25
Lan ing, loc. cit.
t-
2'7
26Lane Cooper, The Rh toric of Aristotl, An Expanded
1 tion ••• ( York: D. App ton and CompBny, 1932), ran
pp. ,
cone
ape
e-9. For some r aeon thi di t1nction bet een ri totl'
pt of tho and that of Cicero and u1nt111an (Good
er, p !ng ell) is not ofien ade by rhetorician.
21
Pbiladelphi Evening Ite, June 19, 1884.
484
"a profound spiritual symp thy,"
28
and yet ithal , there
a a contrastin ' intensity , "
29
' a certai n a ful joy or
conviction , "
3O
"a holy p ssion ors tting the glory of
Christ and his Truth brightly before men.
131
'In him there
as harmonious union of two ncongruou and somet mes
mutually de tructive element - -force and ntlenes •
132
His Ofer , then , as' a oral ele ent- - cert in religious-
n s 0 feeling h1 b in 1th a subdu d s p b 1th
t s bject di cu ed, an
glo g till 1 ing at 1
0 devout csta y
3
• • •
and lo ed like a C ,
C e t s bu t 0 p
1 e th thou d ha,
1 , h on hi lip •
n
XC t
Advoca
p r
ent or
28
.....-- -
Pit
30
0
Scot
u s
31
q ntl
V d d
t e
, 2•186 , A
' ishop t h
Jame • Buckl y ,
and Jo nal , Jun
33
· ses high r nd hi r,
t b com ay in a
u 1 1
nd out o f ir
1 nd n r
con cio 0 11 1 e
Th o· r u n
r nd red th peo 1 11
nc to r r nz 0
on , A Gr t o rn
, 1884 .
nd
sort
burn
•
n
or th
t d
-
ach
26 , 88 •
on
son,
ho
d
•
,
p on , A Gr t 0 rn Preacher ,
n The Golden
Bo 1 Broken, ' Chr1
26, 188 .
s son , 0 •
ct., Scrapbook, C 1 p ing ( 1860) •
34
'Funeral Service of Bi hop S m son , loc . ci t .
•
n
485
ing.
a35
• •
The modern rhetorician in describing and partially
explaining this strange phenomena of audience-speaker
relationship, would call it empathy-- sympathetic emotional
response of auditor to speaker, of spectator to performer.
embers of the crowd project themselves into the speaker'
personality; they f el hi t nderne s, his warmth, his
intensity, not as a thing to be observed, but to be ex
perienced. Emp thy 1 that projection hich 11ft a
thou and 1mag1n tive auditore from their e ts in a concert
hall and sets them swinging ands aying to the romantic
st in of the Blue Danub, it i that psychological identi-
fie tion ich brings to the the tr or movi -go r the
ling of ang r or lov ich 1 portra ed on t stage
or c en, it i the t nsion of u cl, t coc 1ng of a
1 t int , n t
qu
hi So
in th t di
poi d for t pa , ait lon
pt y 1 t e p rtic p tion o th
ond to ind
udi nee
in th inc rity, t con iction, th dint ns
In th1 purpo , th bod11 po tur of t p
ubtle ind ction o e otion fro sea r o ud1 nc i
t ctor or b 1c to f ecti
3
Bishop David H. oor,
Advocate, 78:25, Jun
----
Chri
d 11 ry than uch xt
Bishop S p on,
29, 1911.
PittBburgh
al
486
graces as "good voice," or "artistic gesture~ In one of the
first of his publications, the late Dean Immel listed as
"Fundamentals of delivery," such qualities as "lively sense
of communication," "physical vitality, ""well poised en
thusiasm, ""genuineness and earnestness.•
37
The Church
fathers, looking for the superficial elements of delivery,
and not finding them, were puzzl d by the bishop'
ffective-
ness. They were right, however, in describing the phenomenon
s "an electric thrill.
Bishop Simpson himself call d this strange phenomenon
"ministerial power." It was, in his thinking a moral
dynamite," it mi t be, a ome said, a magnetic po r
hioh kindles in the eye and parkles responsively fro
the p k r to the hearer, and fro the he rer to th p
• • •
indescribable force ~lo 1ng in some ay from the
int n it of oul speaking to oul
38
ate er
• • •
it a , it source 1 y 1th God," and it ffectiv util-
iz tion d p nd d upon the minist r' conviction th th
w ent of God, s nt 1th a divine es ag, nd ent to
th t p cific congr gation.• The mini tr
s t el t e
pr ence of God n he spe kin, ust kno that God's
po er ould pas through h to the he rt oft
congr -
37
Ray Ke sl r Immel, The Deliver
Edition {Ann Arbor, chigan: George
pp. 23, 33.
of a Sieech, S oond
r, Pub isher, 192 )
38
atthe Simpon, Lectures on Preachinf Deliv red
b fore th Theological Department of Yale Colege (Ne ork:
Phl11lp ana Hunt, 19?9), pp. 200,~05.
r
487
gation.
1139
"I:r there is one thing, above all others,"
said Simpson to the Yale students, "that I have desired
for myself, and that above all other things I covet for
you, it is this ministerial power, this baptis of fire."
40
This was no verbalism on the part of the great preacher,
no tongue-in-the-cheek rationalization. His whole phil
osophy of life, his understanding of providence, of the
strange workings of God with men and nations, his explanation
of sorro and evil, rested upon his belief that God could,
ithout recour e to matter, commune 1th and direct the
ouls of righteous men. So, believing hi self a servant
of G od, possess d of a divine message, and assisted by a
supernatural force hich orked both through hi and the
art of the peopl, h stood in th pulpit a fervent,
loqu nt prophet.
The etho oft e peak r's pres ntation--h1 bility
to impr s en 1th hi mor 1 integrity and conviction--
1 not nou , of cour , to expl in hi p culiar infiuence
over an au.di nc • Tho ho ould look for the secret of
hi po er ust inquire al o into th content and the fo
of hi
e sag. But to valuate the content byte ting
he syllogi ms or by countin the rhetorical figures and
39
Ib1d., pp. 220, 223.
40
Ibid. , p. 235.
.aa
noting the stylistic devices is to substitute the cannons
of literary criticism for those of rhetorical criticism;
it is to appraise the literary product, but not the public
address, it is to answer the question why m n now appreciate
or disapprov the production, but it does not explain why
the speaker exercised an influence over the audience.
Contemporary critics did not think that Si pson had
a great deal of content in his speeches, for they measured
intellectuality by th amount of theology or philosophy
that went into the argument--thos ho could "most elaborate-
ly speculate out a dogma.tic ubject" er "men of po r:f'ul
thought.
41
Simpson as credited 1th "breadth" of thinkin
42
rather than depth" Yet hi subject a al ay grand,
or sublim, and vast in its bearing and application •••
43
H e.s regarded as a peaker of "bro d, liberal vie s,' he
mploy d" gre t many hi torical and sci ntific 1llu tr tion
• • • 44 H lacked al o the rhetoric 1 devic co on to
the or tor of his period. His power, said one critic, do
not
o it lf in ••• short, cop ct, 11ghtn1ng-li tro e
41
bel Steven, Es ay on the Preachin Re!uir db
~ Tim • • • ( e York: car!"ton & P p , 1 55), p. 38.
(
e
42
George R. Crook, The Life of Bisho' atth Simpson
Y ork: H rper & Broth r, l890)-;-pp. 21 -8.
4
B. F. T fft, ethodism Succ as.ful ••• (
D rby & Jae on, 1860}, p. 157.
Yor :
S 0
4
1111am Taylor, The odel Preacher ••• (Cincinnati:
stedt & Po for th author, 1860), p. 383.
and sudden imagery •
• • "
"Very few of his sentences give
evidence that he has pressed long trains of thought into
one burning p~int of sparkling brevity, which stand before
,p n45
your mind's ye .a.orever • • • You were never struck
1th his rhetoric," aid another, "you never were aroused
n46
by any strain d use of a ord •••
udiences. To gain an in ight
into Sip on' peculiar po er over an audienc, it 1
nee s ary to inquir into th qu itie of hi udienc.
etbodist bishop and orator, he 0 primarily to
thodi t. o t of hi rkable se ons r d live d
489
1n etbodist church , usually at ome special occa ion such
as anni r ry eating, th dedic tion of ne building,
or the annual conference of ethodi t ini ters. I is
very 11 ly, too, th t hi auditor for the p triotic d-
r 8 er p dominat ly thodi t. In it ion to
lecture cour t s d th d 1r of ethodi t p opl in
th
on o t ir p ker on th OU e,
an account of th enga ment fr quently ntion d th
n b r of ethodi t pr ach r ho t on t pl
0
•
at, t n, y be id of th a p opl call d et odi t
Th hi torian of the d nomin tion r pron to contra t
45
s1mp on, citing J. L. Crane, loc. cit.
46
Ftmeral Service of Bishop S1mp on, loc. cit.
490
tthumbleness of its origin" with the "greatness of its
results."
47
Although the founders of ethodism--the esleys
and Whitefield--wer Oxford men, the people to whom they
preached ere the" eavers of Bristol, the miners of Kings-
ood, the colliers and keelmen of Cornwall and Staffordshire
and ales
• • •
48
rote to his John esley hi self
follo er that thy e e ithout po er (for you are a
low insignificant people), ithout riches (for you are
poor al ost to a man, having no ore than the pl inn ces-
aries of life), d ithout either any extraordinary
gift of natu , or the advantages of eduction; ost v n
of o t b 1ng quite unlea d and ( in oth r thin s )
n.
9
1 or t
In eric the ame oc11 attern pr v 1 d.
bury, bi hop of th n ly organiz d thodi t p
Ch 0 , a th on of t to h t. t
e of thi t nh C a ed to chooling
beco e ppr ntlc d to 0 bu in s it ho he
1 e until b c t 0 i t ch
50
p r.
ant p ach r ric r on 0 th ronti r,
r c1e
cop
t
nd
-
itin r
chool
n t , po d or littl boo learning.
(
b 1 Ste n, Th _____ of ~rican ethodi
: C rlton & Po , p.
8
H. Richard i bu.hr, Th Social Source of Denomin tion-
( Yor • H nry Holt and Co p ·y, 1929), p. 60.
49
Ibid., PP•
61.
SOAbel St v n
in the Unit d Stat
- -- ---- ----
491
Their parishioners, too, were largely frontiersmen or the
laborers and tradesmen or the East. Ho ever, even in the
days of Wesley a tran ition from lower to middl class wa
taking place. The emphasis on individual worth, redemption,
and the connnon virtue of lif such as sobriety, faithful
ness, and frugality, orked a change in the status of the
,iethodi t •
industry nd f
ligion must necessarily produc bot
ality, and these cannot but produce
riches, id John sl y.
51
So it a that the economic
and cultur 1 ch r ct r of the mov ment und ent profound
odification end
• •
• this religion of th di inherit d
bee ect ble c urch of th
52
r pect d cl s
•
T e ntir nt, ho ev r, had it root in the lo r
cono 1 el, chi v d, ther for, olid ity o
und r t ding and t ling hich portant 1n oulding
1 into
Th
ro fort
ghl lf-consciou ligiou oup.
oli rity of und rt ding and f ling,
t odi t ( d ro oth r ligiou
1c
0 nt
in th r b ginning) o t of a co on conom c t ton,
path tic 11 - o 1
e
1st ud1 nc
5
(
•
•
•
lop ent o
igni.t'ic
Int fir t pl c , th
r n Sw et,
thodi t Book
to tho-
duet d, di -
52
1 buhr, ~• cit., p. 71.
53
Th1 t 1 fro
Sociolo ( e Yor: Th
_ _.lin H nry Gidding, Inductiv
ac illan Company, 1901) PP• 136 ll_.
492
possessed people were given to emotional expression, to
•
violent outbursts, to crowd phenomena. As the movement
began to grow and achieve permanence, it assumed ad ~inite
pattern of individual and group activity. Emotionalism
as given the sanction of the supernatural, although certs.in
restraints were 1 posed a the denomination began to grow
consciou of itself and jealous of it put tion. Rath
def nite ritual and fo ulae r set up to induc the
e otional exp rienc. ach in ividu 1 mu t b conv rted,
uat become av d, proc s hich ordin rily 1 ol v d
sens of 1lt, public cont s ion, n otion 1 pl for
forg1 n
1 thi
, and tri h t t st ony of p on. ollo -
1n1ti 1 xperi no, hich u u ly int n e
m otion 1, th conv rt pa ticip ted in the ci soft
C hu ch, partici ton ch equ d qu nt oc tion
1th fello , th o co oc th
harin of otional xp T xe e
y: h
1 al , C
t th cl
about hi
s e ting,
ing ,
1
con ition, t
of his 11 , th h ha to ___ ..
G od, ri-~.A-1 d
pra1 ing hi 1th c on h n h
ev , said
ere ies Sue
C tholic journ 1,
co pl t s st
t
t
hi Ch re
all hort ot
on
C
g v orabl
d th r b n fro
ot uper 1 ion
,
nc
•
C ,
port.
d control
of the laity ••• devised or exercised in any body ••
•
493
n54
At love-feasts and prayer meetings the members gave
testimony to their spiritual state, often expressing in the
emotional vooabul ry of their sect, the joy, or th hope,
the as uranoe, th strong faith of their religious experi-
ence. H vivals and campmeeting ere sp cially important
for the curing of oonv r ions, for the services ere
calculated to arou th ir f elings, and induce ••• to
etion. In dd1t1on the er
k ndly pr
ean an xcite ent 1
ov r their di fie tie
ing the up to the ork; by ich
ere ted,
55
uff 1c1ent to carry the
• • •
It S 8 En nd
er t e id, Thoe 0 C ot h olo 1c 1 di tine ion
C
1 top o oo
1ng,
5
oci ti
t
i
, no
J Pot
C r on & Po
ed in pa
•
---
on
11
0
t
C 1
t
11 not
XC t
0
d
1
t t y
oc l Cu l
1 e tt ntion o
bl •
1 de
1 con
,
t 1 0
56
nc
lp
. (
n ly
,
, .2E.• cit.,
a Sn tion, Th
pril, 188 •
494
meetings there was lively singing, fervent prayers, and
audible respon es from the congregation, such as "amen,"
glory to God," "hallelujah."
57
In short, emotional expression by the people received
not only the anction or the group, but was endo ed with
the prestige of being spiritual." It required, therefore,
onl y an adequate ti ___ u to induc
otional reaction from
ethodi t audi nee.
Th lf-consciousne s or a group, it solidarity,
it loyalty, is gre tly ugmented by confiict and ri alry
58
1th oth r groups. In this particular, th thodi t
bot
ev n
rot
d benefit d. They er much pers outed,
by th 1r opponente, both fort eir lib r 1
and t ir s n tonal t 0
•
thodi t
t, in id 1, hypocr t , bl phe r, h 111 h
oo r r or, s pleton, ool, idiots, tc.,
Pr byteri nist r in Cine nn ti 1n t he
~
r
s p
on bo
5
rl C n 1 t r a Co
r -
•
ga ion
1 t at Lynn, chu t decl hat et odi
t nd d to Univer 1 and all other • U nitar1an1 , , ,
57
Po t r, ££• cit.,
p. 498-9.
5
ind ( e Yor t G.
•
111 cDoug 11, The Grou
t
'
Sons, 1920), pp. 6 - o.
59
{G
p ul
nsboro,
f Garb r, Th Romane of rican ethodi
Pi d.mont Pr ,-r9 , p. 199.
495
Rowdyism, Spiritualism, Grahamism, Phrenology, Biology,
80
M esmerism, Mormonism, Fourierism, and Infidel1sm."
Baptists attacked the Methodists because of their mode
of baptism, and their ecclesiastical polity, the Protestant
Episcopal Church protested against an epiacopacy which was
not founded upon the "apostolic succession." "ethodis
is not a church--ha no sacrament , ha no mini tey, no
di in warrant, aid a p phleteer.
61
Tie as," said
B i hop Thomas A. orris, hen to be c lled a ethodi t
preacher, as, in th esti ation 0£ the gr t ass 0£ the
people, to be virtually charged 1th b ev ry thing vile
and d picable, and consequently only orthy of insu1t and
per onal viol nc, hich he often receiv din bundance.
62
on thel , the thodi t Church g
•
It c to
b t he large t end t ongest religio body on the et m
fronti er, and at 1 t h it g 0 lik po ition of do -
inane in th nt r count y. P r p 1 r ly in ans er to
th attack of other
--a
xpr ion oft olid rity
hich it felt--th iter d 1 ad rs of th C urch b gan
to bo t of it · pro
•
111 f m oonr r nc
to
conf r nc, carri d the r ports or th progr of
60
Ibid., P• 200.
496
ethodism in other sections of the country; the chief busi
ness of the annual conferences became the statistical reports
of membership and finance. Anniversary meetings, centennial
celebrations, dedication of ne buildings, mies onary rallies,
all called for the chanting of the praises of Methodism.
Early histories of the denomination, and even many of the
later ones, ere chiefly a collect on of anecdotes about the
inerant preacher and statistical reports of the confer-
e ces .
63
Simpson's no ebooks immediatel prior to 1876 a
f lled 1th lon columns of figur ss--membership total, gain
and losses , value of property, number o churches and seatings,
all of hich 1mporta t dat to m, for h a p p ring
a volwn inc lebr tion of Hundr d of in
e
or
t 1
6
ica. In 1855 bel t v n, th ost capable
s da, publ sh d tre tis on
the Ti
•
I o b co nd d, t e n
, or its a vocac of et
ch ng d uch oh r tu s a r C thol c
all- on of t od rk
hp er he vol , aid t e
•
consc o sl , the pu p t oquence of et o m
tand rd, and b thi 11 Sacred Orator 1 m a
6
St ven, o . ct., et. pass •
64
S mpson , 2E.• cit., no ebook, 1874-75.
Church
poraneou
in
d m
OU
ad
u
65
•
65
Es ays
erican Churc
on the reach n Required b the Times . • • , "
uarterl Revie, 12:576-9, Janu r, 1860.
,
9'7
Illustrative of the boastful air of some of the riters
on Methodism 1 Benjamin Tefft, one of Simpson's faculty
members at Indiana Asbury University, and later editor of
a magazine for Methodist women. Comparing Methodism with
"Episcopalianism and Congregationalism," "the two oldest
and the to original Protestant religions of America," he
found that "the entire body of the Protestant Episcopal
C hurch of the United States, bishops, priests and communi-
c ts, might be taken t entz-t o times from the embership
of American ethodism." Even then there ould be left a
roup "al o t as 1 rge as the entire membership of the
niterian denomination in this country." As for the
C ongr gationalist, ther ere but on -tenth as many of
them as of ethodists. From tbi comparison, the riter
ent on to point out that hi denomination held a large
pe centag o th country's ealth, that it had t largest
propert holding, the 1 rge publi h1n hous, and the
great st n b r o ducational in tit tion of any Am rican
chu ch. e a al o proud to point out that The larg t
hip ver built on thi id of th tlantic a design d
and con truct d by a ethodi t. ot to b forgotten, ither,
t e f ct th t the rg t publi hing st bli bment in
t h nited Stats, per. ap, xc pting the one owned di ctly
b the denomination, 1 the prop rty of oth r ethodi ts.
66
66
Tefft,
hich h r f r
cit.,pp. 58, ff. The publi hing hous to
Harper & Brother .
498
By the time Simpson reached his maturity as a speaker,
the old order of Methodism had changed somewhat. Men com
plained that the pulpit had lost its "power,"
67
that members
no longer attended class meetings, that the singing had
become "scientific ••• but much less apiritua1.n
68
They
deplored the "picnic feature" of the mod rn campmeetings-
meaning permanent cabins, facilities for fishing, and re
freshment stands.
69
Despite these and other evidences of
a changing church, the great majority of th member bad
gone through thee otional experi nee of conver ion, and
t e leaders and older embers ere still largely conditioned
by the tradit onal rites. The standard of spirituality"
still remained a tenderness" of he rt, an motional response
in public eating. When Simpson ddr British
ethodists on the Chri tian inistry, he 11 t d the ean
b hich a man might t t hi "call to pr ach. • •• do
th tear run down th che k? he a ked, does the ob br k
from the heart, do the stiff kn bo
• • •
r ther
vo ce ayin ,
'
n and br t n, ht ust e do to b
av
d 'l' If ther r ult , "then God t to hi seal•
I
you
ay kno that ou are call d of God .
70
67
n ethodist Preaching, The ethodi t, July 30, 1870 •.
68
H •• Herrick and illiam arren S et, A Hi tor of
the orth Indiana Conf r nee ••• (Indianapolis: • . • eart
ompany, 1917), p.49, citing J.B. Finl yin estern Christian
Advocat , January 7, 1857.
69
"Are they Camp-meeting or Picnics,' The ethodist,
July 24, 1869.
(Ne
70
aeorge R. Croo , Sermons~ B1shO£ atthe Simpson
York: Harper &~Brothers, 1885), p. 68.
499
The audiences before whom Simpson enjoyed his great
oratorical triumphs, as has been pointed out, were nearly
always brought together for a special occasion: the meeting
of an annual conference, the dedication of a church, a
m ssionary celebration, or a public event. In consequence,
a great many ethodist preachers ere ordinarily numbered
among hi hearers, nd with them their wives, and the lay
leaders of the church ho re most inter sted in spiritual
affairs. In the public addresses, like ise, the t od1 ts
ere the predo inant group in att ndance. For the church
services the omen sat on one side of the room, the men on
th other.
The udi nc situation, then, a frequently ripe for
t
cro
formation of
•
71
Ther
hat cDoug 11 call th psychological
a a high degr e of ental homog n ity
of thos pr s nt, a pathetic 'like indedn , induc d
on the one hand by co on periences, co on
voe bul r, common economic and clas tus, and harpened
on the other by th critici of non- thodi t group.
There wa al o a group anction o otion 1 ex ion on
the part of it , a group under tandin that c rtain
1fe t tions of motion r evidenc of spirituality.
F eling , a Ro s, th oc alp chologist, havin or
71
cDougall, op. cit., p. 34.
500
means of vivid expression, run through the crowd more readily
than ideas."
72
McDougall calls the process one of "sympa
thetic induction." Each man, he a ya,"becomes aware that
• •
• the cro d as a whole is swayed by the same emotion
and the same impulse as he himself feels, that none remains
to criticize the violence of his expressions." He continue:
" • •• the consciou n ss of harmony of one' feelings 1th
those of mass of one's fellows, and th consequent sens
of fr edo from all restraint, are highly plea urable to
0 t en.
• •
that is to say, thy find a plea ure in
lett i ng th mselv a go, in b 1ng a pt a ay in the torrent
of collectiv
73
motion."
Int e ca e of Si pson's audienc a , t he pe ople e
e d up , not onl b y t h g at n b r p s nt, nd by th ir
'spiritual' int nt, but by th pry tings, t lov -
fea t , and t
thel ,
t
ingin
11th
of uch an udienc w
hich pr c d d t s ice. on -
f o abl condition, t h e f cing
not ithout h z rd. or often
than not, en 11 d to f u e them s o individual into
a cro , and t h lo qu nt Si p on hi lf no inf quentl
f 11 hort of hi h r r
I
xpectation • tention ha
alr a y b en gi n to hi d liv ry; ie no nee
The
72
Ed rd Ale orth Ro , Soci 1 Psychology (
acmillan Co pany, 1913), p. 4~.
73
cDougall, 2.£• cit., p. 39.
ary to
York:
501
give consideration to content and form.
Content of Simpson's Sermons: Themes and Developmental
Materials. The oonfidenc hich Simpson' int nsely earnest
presentation inspired in the audience s confirmed by th
content of hiss rmons. Th bi hop n ver resorted to
Beecher's technique of startling a congr gation by th
announcement of an unorthodox vi , or the ridicule of an
7
orthodo one, nor did h attack and d nounce th beli f
of his mor conservativ brethr n. Alt ough he catholic
in hi V
' h
emed never to offend t e conservative
embers of hi Church. The rea on b found in his
tend ncy d bilit to fit his broad cone pt into the
t r otyp d thinkin of hi he r r • 11 n, lt r
Lip ann h s pointed out, thin i t
•
T t i ,
th h V gen r lized cone pt , p ctur , of p ople , gro
in titution , cti ii
•
Th rs of
a ion h a t otyp 0 Christi nit
80
I
bu fitt out it C rt
r co iz bl d tile. If t t
boo h to in h on t
fit
in o th t , it 111 b
C
t d b th cong g tion.
75
7
Cf.,
-
•
•
75
lt r Lipp ann, Public Opinion (
acmillan Co pany, 1927), p. 95.
c urc con
--
pie ur,
in con d
or th i
pict r , if it
or ad ly c-
ork: The
-
0
,
502
S pson at once ga ed the favor of his hearer s by
his adherence o the r hemes ana the doctrines of the
Church . He spoke on "sin, a ton ment, salv tion, th h rmony
o natural and rev aled law , the l riumph of Christi-
nity , and kindr d topics ••• "
76
Among his coll ct d
sermons re such titles
'Th V ctory o Fai
'
,
e n so Cr st n C
ff
Th
Con o Et rnal Li ,
nt d i d hie
eo , e r 1 ed 1
r
ri id
in
cont
t 0
( d)
76
77
r 1
0
e
r ,
•
Th
cour
1
1o
0
h
h 1 , t
Croo , o .cit.
78
Cf•, P• 8 •
-
n hi
0
1
n
0
R urrec ion of Chri t,
o er o the Invi 1 1, Th
r, Think Y o Chri
,
Th G or o God ' Ho e . •
77
a no 1 cc d
qu n l 0 r
h
n d
h
o o di
io . 78
0 0 a
0
0 • • •
0 1 n r C h d ,
im o,
503
other things being equal, the better was he qualified for
his great and holy work.
• •
n79
During the long battle
for lay representation in the General Conference, Simpson
based his plea for a change upon th fact that "Mr. Wesley'
great mov ent called lay influence into exerci e 1n th
Church. ~1ass-lead rs ere appointed, ste rds er called
into action, xhort rs er lien ed, local preacher re
selected and th r oame up out of the ranks o the Church
a bod of laymen to pr ad p rson 1 holine s though th
hurch.
80
The t chnologioal improvem nt of th nin t nth
centur, the gro hand progr s of th ican n tion,
th re of sc1enc, th t ori 0 ologi t, th doc in
of e olution,
all found
n critic l chol ip o bi lie 1 t x
I
lac in Si p on' pr ching, 1 r
it in o 1 o
o e n , all
th t th , too, coul
x1bl
p t
th
t otyp of h Chri 1
to th eopl in
dju 0 1
h ld co c pt • it i ,
r
id
ent to
0 1al
ct
t h
ti e of hi th, 1 co t buta to
1 t, nd fro h d pth of n h 1 ts of ir n
arth' r ot t bound, 11 thing di co r b hi
79
1 p on, o. cit., er pboo , G rett Biblic 1
ddres, 1855.
80
Crook, Th
p. 418, citing St.
---- ------ --~~ -~--'
I I
u t,
• cit.,
86.
504
came, under his guidance, to bo the knee to Jesus Christ.
The ideas of the bishop were rendered acceptable to
the peopl, too, because of the frequent use of biblical
language ., quotation, and illustration. Simpson did not use
any tropes, but of th number hich found their ay into
his add ess, a 1 rge percent e w dapted from the bibl.
• •
God sitteth on the circle of the Heaven," he aid in into-
duc1 his sermon on "God' ign Ove the Earth. And in
th cours of h
ri hteousness an ud
rk h u d uch f 11 r phra e a
the habit tion of is thron,
e cannot compreh nd th se dar s asons , but 1 e look
b ond the hado s
of
0 '
h p th n
OV
0
1
•
H
n tr g, or
on t
th Ch ti
e cit eri
81L 1
ng ,
82
Crook.,
pp. 25 , 28.
lo
h
s.,
cu
a
0
• • •
e hall d a bout us th
e, though hi
1
yb in th
r
P,
touch h
t d thy 0
82
Th r 0
•
n UC phr 1
co onl in th ion o t
1 ob blic 1 illu t on on.
0 t bli ro o 1 h
n d 0 11
t11 lov d on on
111 tr tion ro th bbl --th d
b
n81
damsel hom Jesus took by the hand and raised up, the only
son of a wido whom Jesus commanded to rise from the dead,
Lazarus hom he ·brought from the grave.~
3
In one of the
most famous of his sermons, on the Christian mini try, he
told the story of the suffering of Paul,
84
in others he
relat d the persecution of Jesus, the faith of Eli ha,
505
Stephen di tributing bread to th
85
ido s, Jesus feeding the
five thousand.
Thee tool --the u e of c iptural stori a, quot tione,
and all ions, ere 1 portant not b c use they et Simpon
ap rt ro other pr rs, but bee us in this
co on practic for th
apect he
vangelical s 11 t e. It
to fr 1 pon biblical ourc ; th p opl
ct th to o o and o d co fort d th 1n t
r, ci lly fro p ho upon C
di r c o 111 t tion
che
did S1 on.
•
h heto ic 1 di thro
ch S hi p on l to b r pon
.
C ur , 11 r , in 1
1 tion to th u 1 nc n , a h r t in t 0
fo
1 1 of lan ge . Th t , littl d r tanding
8
Cf., p.
-
•
84cf.,
-
p • 7 -80.
85
Crook, 2£• cit., pp. 162, 177, 3, 169, 06.
506
of Simpson's power can be obtained by counting the tropes,
or listing the epigrams in his speech. His contemporaries,
as has been pointed out, marvelled that he should achieve
such oratorical heights and yet employ so few of the tools
of the rhetorician. In part their onderment was occasioned
by the high premium which they placed upon ornateness and
elegance .
Ho ever, to look upon style as the mechanics of ex
pression is to rr both ind finition and in p yehological
understanding . Fundam ntally, styl 1 communication
through language, it 1s the u e of ords to arouse in the
hearer th id , or to inflame in him th emotion hich 1
t ought or flt b th p ak r. Th re can be no gre tne s
of t 1 if the 1 , through it rdness,. 1 ropri t ,
rity, or tr1t n , resit the commun1c tion of t h
d or e otion. gain, th c n b no gr atne ot ty
f ther . b no g t d a, or great ot on to connnun1c te;
in th nae Bufton a right 1n hi f ous ep1gr ,
Le , tyl e e, (the tyle 1
51 p on h d-- o ar his con r gat1on
h man hi
86
elf).
th g eta to 11 es gs, t high st of all
re cone rn -
otion to
co wiic t • Th te t sin the co un1c tion, th us of
86
L e Cooper, The ries 2f Styl, rranged and Adapt d
by Lan Coop r ( e York: The acmill n Company, 1922), p. 178,
citing . • De Bufton; J. iddl ton u r1, The Problem of Styl
(London: Oxford University Pr s, 1930), p. 71; Hugh air,
Lecture on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres (Ph1lad lphia: Porter
& oates,n.d.), P• 133.
- -
507
of language to stimulate in the hearers the impassioned zeal
of the speaker. The rhetorical qualities of style which
Simpson possessed in a high degree were perspicuity and
vividness. Each of these he gained in a large measure by
the same device--analogy.
Clarity. Cl rity in Simpson's speech arose not o
uch out of a precise us of ords and phrases a from a
readily disc rnible relationship of principle to par-
tioular , of p opo ition o int c , of preoepts to
experience. Every sermon should have illustration," he
aid to th Yal tudent. aThey ar like pictures to th
eye ic
n the m
ri et tt ntion, and help to fasten th trut
87
ory.
as
h d
1 own t cbnique for th dev lop nt of a rmon
pl . He stated first a fund ental r nciple which
lop d th 1 borat proof, and then ad
cation to hi udi no. Hi method o rran
ppli
wa not
un11
to ha
t hat o a ethodist n gro pr c r 0
id, Bred rn, I 11 1r t 1 ind t
condl , rgu it, and thirdly, p
r po d
88
Thi
ea 1
, inf c, th patt rn o di oour cc pt d y th
et od1 t •
89
Typical of Sip on' or ani tion 1
87S1 p
on, L cture on Preachi
, ~• cit.,
P• l
7.
-
88
thodi t Preaching, The thodi t, Jul 30, 1870.
89
John A. Rooh, Th Lif of John Pric Durbin Loe cit.;
( e
Eaton, 1890 ) , p. 304.
-
York: Hunt
508
his sermon, "God's Reign over the Earth," which he divided
into three parts: ".first, the fact that 'The Lord reigneth, '"
second," hy should this be a cause of joy?" and third,
"a ord or two practically.
90
In his famous sermon on
Christian unity he showed "first, that Christian unity was
possible, ••• secondly, that it as desirable; and thirdly,
that it as essential to the orld's conversion.
91
On
of his outlines tor his sermon on "The Po er of the Invisible,
erely 11st thre premi : 1. The Chri tian habit of mind
1s to look a the unseen. 2. This habit is in accordance with
true philosophy." 3. "It produc a ••• a source of abiding
92
joy. In his journal for 1853 is an outline for the text,
And I, i.f I b lifted up from the earth, 111 draw all men
unto m ."
93
1. Lifting up o
Result •
94
Chri t. 2. Th 'drawing•
p 0 d.
•
Th s 1 rger divi ions o inarily ere cle rly nd
harply ubdi id d. But th r al s er t of th bishop's
clarity oam in th explanation and dev lop ent of hi sub
topic . Sc re 1 had he t t d a principl or proposition
0
Crook, o. cit., pp. 315-328.
p.
91
crook, The Lif of Bi ho ____ Simpon,££• cit.,
, ci ing ccount of •
92
rbid., facing p. 296.
93
John 12:32
94
simp on, s., ££• cit., Journal, 1853.
509
before he began to illustrate it. Nature testifies "to the
minute supervision whieh he (God] exercises over the parti
cles of matter," the bishop said in proof of his thesis
that "God reigneth."
You may take the wing of the smallest insect, which has
breath for but a day, and that wing, when inspected
under th. e microscope, shows a onderful network of
filaments, of vessels and cords, arrangements to fit
it for the purpose for which God designed it. You may
turn to the dust upon the leaf of the flower, and you
shall find in that dust al ost a forest, with its
foliage. God hath a orld beneath the face of this
world to sho man that all things visible are under
his inspection, that he goes behind the curtain, and
that it is as easy for the omni cient eye to behold
what 1s not visible to the e78
5
or man as to behold the
movements of worlds in pace.
A s may be seen from the example above, a reiteration of the
principl, perhaps in more universal sense, often follo ed
th st tement of the particular. The method is well illus-
trated fro section of his sermon, 'The esurrection. It
111 be seen that he states and frequently restates the
principle,
of t h :fact
fact may be plain hile the mode of production
y be mysteriou • In ex ining the p sage
the r ader mu t understand that to Simpson on of the sources
of t ruth revelation, and that the bible as a document of
revealed truths or facts. Sometimes, he said, p ople regard d
the re urreotion s my teriou. They wanted to kno 'ho
can t he de d ari ? aith could not ell rest upon a ystery.
95
crook, Sermons !:?z _B_i __
atthew Simpon, f?E.• cit.,
p . 318.
were they, therefore, required to believe in the resur
rection? The problem with such a person, Simpson eaid,
as that he
510
confounds mystery as to a fact, with mystery as to a
mode. A fact ma~ be plain while the mode of the pro
duction of the fact may be mysterious. e may believe
the fact, while we are not required to believe anything
1th regard to the manner of the production of the
fact. Let us illustrate. Take the growing grass in
spring-time. That the earth sends forth the grass 1
plain. How are the particles of earth, the sunlight,
the dew, the moi ture, changed into the green leaf?
By hat process does one blade give forth wheat and
another corn? Ho is it that apparently thee e
particles are shaped into the beautiful color of th
rose and the darker hade of the dahlia? Th mod
is mysteriou, but the fact is plain. e believe that
the earth is covered 1th verdure, that the flo ers
bloom in the gard n, and that the trees ar all beauti
fied with foliage; but by what process thi 1 brought
about cannot tell. my reason; e may proceed
st p by st p, but the natur of the process is yond
the inv stigation of man. So that e b 1 ev a f ct
hil the ode of its development is mysterious.
Look a ain at those lorthern 11 t that no blush
on the horizon and then arise in varieg ted columns
to ards the zenith. o doubts that the hea ens are
illumined? ho doubts that e see the phosp oresc nt
currents flitting over he face of the ky? and yet
e ay ask, ho are they produced The philosopher may
talk of electricity, of a pa sage throu rarefied air
and of a curr nt fro t e pole to th quator. 11
th may be so, ut herein lie the cause. at ar
the 1 s r gul tin ti chang? y does the curr nt
become vi 1ble and then invi i 1 ~ ear lost in
maze of unc rtainty hen e ask these que tions. I
believe that my a rise hen the 111 so direct; but
ho does it ris? I ay study the machin r of bones,
muscles, and ner es, but then the arm of the pr lytic
has the ame achinery, but lack that po r of the 111
to act upon the nerve. Wher 1 that po er? her 1
the point of contact ho does the nd control the rm?
ho does the mind move att r, and exercise a po er over
the univer e? e cannot tell; all is lost in m stery.
And yet ho doubts that hi arm rises, though he cannot
explain the f ct9 o doubts his om feelings--hope,
fear, love, and joy--thou.gh he cannot tell ho these
are produced1 The fact of their existence is plain,
though the method by hich they are occasioned may
be unknown. So that hen we look at the doctr1ne
9
of
the resurrection it is simply a doctrine of fact.
0
Vividness. The use of illustr tion added not only
to the clarity of the di cour e, but to its vividness.
The analog! and illustrations ere often unusual and
frequently triking. The int nt of the analogy as not
al aye ol ar hen the peaker began, but she unfolded
t h detail, t aud enc ould sudd nl perc ive th
plication. Thi very pr1nc1pl of suspen e and udd n
i ns i t serv d to heighten the emotional r spons •
p-
511
Sometimes t e fi r a co onpl c, butt ru in
uickly and un xp ct dly, as in an addr s giv n t th
dedic ation of the Philip bury orial. ury had b n
in t nt 1 in t e buil ing of th fir t thodi t chap 1
in e Yor • stric 1 1 0 t colony .forbad th
erection o a churc ya ct, 0 1 a n C ry, 1 p on
explain d to hi udi nc, to put in
o to h vet e building r se bl d •
fir t et odi t churc hou th pl c
in it. [ ppl u J. A pl c hr fir t b
built, and hr fir bull. [Harty out and
am n ]. d t 1 fir has b n burning v r ince,
and the an el ha e r d t e n and in!'ua d en
7
gy.
ay ev r church ha uch a fir • [~ ... -n, n].
96
The ethodi t, Octob r 20, 1860, t nor phic r port;
edited copy in Crooks,~• cit., pp. 335-36.
97
n e orial of Philip bury, (Cambridge:
Compiled and Published by Harrington &Bro ell.
• Y., 1888)
P. 5.
Sl2
Thia was a kind of double-talk which Simpson's congre
gation understood and enjoyed. The ord "fire" was cue
for emotional excitement and response, and, coming as it did
unexpectedly out of th narrative, it as more than a usual
98
stimulant. Similar to thi illustration a hi oey ot
cro ing small stream in the st in his early d y. Th
allu ion to th riv of d ath is ade plain only in the
finals nt nc. Said the bishop:
n I
of the
Th
urg d
got s
but I
ide.
ach d it on hor eb
pr viou day had ad
o b idg for mil
my hor fo ard and,
fely over. I did not
a lling, becaus I
ck, I found th heavy rains
it a turbul nt torrent.
abov orb lo. So, I
ft ran exciting ftort,
ant to ent r the str ,
ted tor ch the oth r
th full im ort of th 111 tration k into the min
an t e he rt of hie h ar r , r por d a er of th
con r ation,
pr 1 I h
of this devic --
0 011 c 1 and
p us and d
uch an out u t of joy and hout ng of
ldo q 1 d.
99
I 1 tio
o un pct d
1 1 ad brou gre t p-
n1n che to Si on• public dr
98
ard ng t e u of th d ice in on, 1
ap s , Th os ucc sful. s rmon re tho hich ar
up of phra e h char en ir 1 f 1 r to th no,
and ch h v acquir d t po r to rou e cert in t f
ligiou ling, o n it t 1 of th id tion
-
1 g hich th langua originally had. Social Ps cholo
(Balt i ore: The 1111am & lkin Cop ny, 1925, p.
99
S1 pson, ~• cit., er pbook, n pap r clipping, n.d.
--
100
during the Civil War.
Often the illustration as familiar or commonplace,
but the compsotness of expression, the few vivid strokes
1th hich he xecuted an entire picture, gave dramatic
effect to the usual. Di cussi the value of faith, he
513
decl red that it is the distant, or th uns n, [ hich]
stadia and str ngthen u again t th r pid whirl of things
around u • This principl h immediately illustrated 1th
t O f liar ple , that of frontier an 1 ing hi
horse aero stre and of sailor climbing th m t of
hi hip in storm. 1th o e t o hundred ords h t 11
both tori , and tic rep t t
the principle .
Th old en oft 1 country
11 n st b fo brid
e ron hor
If lo pon the r p
br r st dy, thy
t e and r n
dro th 1
1-top be d, o
o h t a
0 1 0
t irl o
bo 1 nt to , up t
ing co top r o
b lo upon 0111 d c
had h 1 d d do
h b Th ol ilor cri
loo nd i f h c n but
t or t cl , 1
t nth and th ,
unu u 1 t t nt o
r o t n c
buil
11 d top
ount don
h
• ,
iou
0 t •
1 ,
t r h
1 s
ro t
1 ly in.
,th r
n t
perfo o s c 1 child upo oth r'
10
e Yor D ily Tribun , ove ber 7, 1864, Cf. p.
-
6.
514
nursery floor. It 1s the view of the d1stf8t that
steadies against the hirl of the present.
In one of his presentations of "The Future of the Country,'
he began by saying that everyone longs to kno
future 111 be.
hat the
The hol science--if science it may be called--of
signs and omens is studied for this purpose. o has
not seen the pri of reen o er the door, or pulled
the wishing bone of the chicken, or looked at th ne
moon and anxiously considered hether it ere the right
or 1 ft shoulder over hich he beheld 1t?102
e ound an analogy to Christian xperi nee in th
a cension of ab loon, th
..,
king o a o aic, th bating
o rock 1th dyn it, the child' effort to lift th latch
of oor, the butto on boy' coat. d
c nc, h tory, bio r h, tol t e tori
fr ly upon
of hi
count d 0 e p r1 nc, u 11 in an 1 p sonal , h
.
th f 11 r C nt o th lif or 0
bibl c 1 c
I
bell hi t it t 1
r
fro
1 1 in
po co r ti l g s h 1
1 ctu
0 t
on th
1
tu o th Coun ,
ddr
1 than on
al int rr
tory;
t nd
o 1 rge
o 1 r
as
T
0 OU
G
hight ot hr
fr n r·
St te of and
• L out Ru 1
101
crook, o. cit., p. 197, fro The ictor of 1th.
102
Sip on, o. cit., Scrapbook, n spap r clipping,
sat Phil d phi (1866].
515
possessions and the United States are once and a half
as large as Europe and its possessions combined.l03
In a missionary address delivered in 1862 he made an appeal
for mon y, an amount which looked large in the aggr gate,
but vi ed oo paratively was insignificant. W ask :for
p
0
g
300,000," he said.
What is it among all the ember of our Ch ch1 ot
fifty c nt pi ce. ot the price of a yard of ribbon
for lady's bonnet; or of bunch of segar [ io]
hich an ills o in day. at is 300,000 in
co pari on 1th th ount ear p ndi in putting
do thi eb llion ea fo 1 ion ry p o
h
0
t
hi
or a y ar, no or than th n t i xp n __ C"I v cy
1 hour in ar.10
ny o h illust ation
' p
rticul rly th or
c, th or cting o s, Sip on c t in th fo
tor to ician i 1o.
105
He to d th n rr t V
p y r p en1 1 p nc,
bu n h h I
on t d no 0 h r o
s, po 0 1 tic C on
n r 1
•
On 1st ne o h r C
'
, in 86, to
in t
ct o cl cti c 1 tion 0 0 0 t t
10
oc cit
1 sionary ti , Christi
b r 1, 1862.
105
s1a1r, o. cit., p. 190.
h
s
His last flight was a description of the ascending
Savior. We saw him in his last interview with his
disciples, as he pronounced his parting benediction,
516
and as wrapped from their senses by the light ineffable
hich ortals may not endure. Then he was pictured to
faith, ascending through the myriads of his retinue
forming serried lines, reaching from Olivet to the gates
of the Eternal City. e heard his herald cry, 'Lift
up your heads, 0 ye gates, and be ye lift up, ye ever
lasting doors, and the ing of Glor1, shall come in." And
from ithin e heard the re ponse, Who i th King of
Glory?" and the ans er from the triumphal host, "The
Lord, trong nd might, the Lord, mi ty in b ttle.
The gates of massy light" are ide unfolded. Then ca e
description of the expectancy ithin and the joy ith
out, so 1v1, so real, that th c ne i as fr hon
m pirit no, a it as at that c tatic hour.
o th r a halt d onder as it eaning hushed
ev ry ound d rr t d e otio • thu amid utter
1lence, the sa or 11:ft d his mantle fro hi shoulder
and r ached it forth, h1le seraphi, and cherub!, and
ch-an 1 prin a er to grasp it, but he d th
y and out rd circled l t t host. h n turning to
Conf nc, hi f c glo th the 1ght a ,
tr bling 1th upp d xcite ent, h de-
scrib th an 1 c nding pat t 18 n throng,
xcl 1 d, B thren f 11 on
----------
ct or th
e o t rt hoo t
c iption p od c d
vor d i
i in
•
r rr
d the r 0
hol
uch
or o
bi
1 in h
hlnin
o e
ud enc.
107
O
1nci n
r o
hop
n.
• •
Th
p rted ht
1 ng.
o th e
th t t
c ntu b
t ir
t tood
thi on,
0
t
in th b 00 of Chri , ght p s on up tot thron,
on
106
8
p
t B ta
107L
oc. cit.
• cit., Scrapboo
or, 1863.
, n pape r clipping,
517
the onder of heaven!" The bishop pictured the details of
the scene until the "whole audience were moved and in tears
as they sa the sinner going upl" But the suspense of the
slo a cent was too great for Gordon Batelle, preacher of
"large frame and stentorian voice." He suddenly shouted
out, 'Amen. Let hi gol' That outburst as a relief to the
rapt cong gation, and nabled th m tot k
108
breath again."
Emotional Appe 1. Throu the use of simple arrange-
ent, of cl arly tated universals, and o a variety of
1 l ustrat1ve and analogical facts and na rati s, Si on
gain d pr pecuit and ividn s in hi public, and to thes
qualities h dded hyt both 1n lan ag and ind 11 ry.
109
T o rce of hi po rover an dieno 1 yd pr, ho r,
h tor c 1 d vice. It not r 1 th h
and ivid illustration, or th th le to h cl
spe th 1th an impa ion
uch of hi po er 1 yin hi
p opl to ho h t 1
tn s, bu fund en 11
thetic und r tanding of
t , and bilit to choos
t 11 hich o nan ot onal r pons in hi
her r.
Th r pon of p opl to xtern 1 ti uli r
o t ntim otionally conditioned. orch tra 1 y an
citing
108
crooks, The Life
n rr tiv o? v.
109cr., 2-~
- pp. u.
air hich a man kne in the pleasanter moments of his youth;
he listens and is suffused in a warm glow of emotion and
reminiscence. A lone tree on the prairie, a cliff turning
back the pounding surf of the ocean, the peculiar clanking
noise of a cable car, the smell of hot bread, these and a
thousand other trifling sensory stimuli call forth an
emotional respons all out of proportion to their seeming
insignificance. The p ychologist Hollings orth call the
proces r dintegration. H mean by th te imply that
a mall det 11 of former configur tional stimulus 111 call
forth the total emotional respons previously voked by the
configur tion.
110
A other, for xample, ay experi nc th
sorro hich comes rom the los of child, but she may
g ve no thou ht at th ti to the overc t sky, or th
dr nchin ain, or th ind b atin at th hutter. ut
on of the details y gi eris to th
agonizin otion hie sh flt on the arlier occ ion.
UC of th t• or t pot• p er 11 s in th
abilit to C 1 up, 1th pa ti 1
, th otion
ch p ople one f lt. 0 i is, 1 o, 1th orator of
Sip
on' typ • H ply on the exp ri nces of his
audi
nc s, hoping or th p re on t pon h ch
11 co e onl 1 h tri th right chord. So his po r
110
H. L. Hollin orth, P ychologz: Its
_rinciEles ( York: D. ppleton and Co pany,
519
lies not so much in his rhetorical techniqu, not so much
in the fact that he uses illustrations freely, as in the
detail which fits into his illustration. Does he so well
understand his people, is he so much a part of them, is he
so sensitive to their joys and sorrows that he can select
the right minutae, that he can speak the line or phrase
best designed to arouse the total emotional response of an
earlier experience
If on the one hand he tears a p ssion to shred by
overstating th detail, the result may be bathos; at the
l east, the peach 111 be recognized as inaubstanti 1, the
technique a n tional. On the oth r hand, if h ignore
th e otionally toned detail, he 111, so far s the typ
di nc S1 p on ddress dis concerned, have failed. It
a i n this nice b lance bet een over- rought motion and
loor int 11 ctuali that Simpson a a mat r. H e ne er
told the grueso e tor, never d t 11 d th pain and uff r-
ing or peopl in th anner hich as popul ar th som of
hi cont por ri
111
d t his s co e d by ,
hi ability to d ce h u 1 nc to t ar and 0
, or
to rou th m to a ild and noi yd onstrat on o proval.
I t mi t b aid, fir to all, that h kn and und r-
too ot the orro and the joy of th p opl
•
H kn
th
hardship of the frontier, the stru gle for existenc , and
lllcf., P•
•
for economic status, he understood the triale of a widowed
mother, he had experienced the grief of a parent ho has
lost a child; he knew the in ard pain of uncertainty, the
doubt of one's own ability; he remembered the heavy sense
of guilt, the conviction of sin hich can come to a young
man, however circumsp ct his life may seem. But he lme,
too, the emotional release of conversion, the triumph of
religious experience, the ecstacy of prayer, and song, the
assurance of fello hip, the in ard p ac and atisfaction
hich come fro subscribing to gro p mores, the strength
and confidence, the victory, off 1th, project d though it
might be into another rld.
o ing thus the heart of the p ople, he pos sed
520
al o an unu ual kill of electin the details of hi illus-
tration so that thy ould rou e the d e otions of
h 1 sten r. T fore l ,
b j descriptions of he
strug 1 s of the postl
Paul ,112
re ar ed by hi conte por-
arias as one o the mos effeo 1 of hi illu trations.
ere 1 nothin in th narrat e bout th peopl in the
audi nc , nothin to remind t directl 0 th r o
d1f icul i
•
But the indir c ion 1 the art of th peaker.
For he tory 1, inf ct, one into hich ev ry pr cher-
uditor y roj ct hi o trug le and tri ph. Every
preacher suffer th Paul as he is per ecuted, stoned,
112Cf.,
-
. ,, -!la.
521
lashed, nearly drowned, and ev.eryone of them grows firm with
resolution as the great a ostle, scarcely able to breathe,
but scorning the suggestion of his friends that he give up,
replies "None of these things move me ." It is not merely
that the story is dr8.nlatic, pictorial, but that it is so
presented that it arouses and magnifies the emotional experience
which tbe listeners have felt in times past . It as the ima
ginative detail which he put into the f iliar story which
gave it much of its e otional tone. In he telling of the
story of th ive lo v and the t o nall i hes, for exampl ,
he suddenly 1ntrod c s a c r cter ot n ed in the origin l:
occ
po
al
met
t
not
he
I thin I see at oor do a ay yonder on theed e.
She ha her little boy b sid her, cryin or brad, and
he has non to give h • I hear hrs y, 'oh, 1 I
er onl close by h I 1 t t a crumb t ould
atis y the hun r s ring bo J It s a
11 1 loaf, b t the d 1pl s c e breaking, nd ent
by this one and at , nd kopt breald..ng, nd th ult -
t d ke t e ing, nd inally thy reac d he oor
ido , and sh took d v o h r bo , nd h a
and a is 1 .11
sionally his inc en a over-lon , 00 1 bor d fo he
nt, a for e 1 , illu ra ion o a 11 le irl ho
y lcor.ied, in he ven g, t r turn of fa h s
h laughin ly at the oor, or rund 0 he g t to
OJ herse into hi arm
'
But on on ooca ion, sh doe
•
co e. H le rns the r ason; s e has diso e ed. He a
1
to him,
chid sher until he sees she 1 incer ly peni
tent . Sorrow fill her hear · it throbs 1th an ish. nd
113
o. cit.,
at length the father forgives her, and then "What
522
change 1
she raises her fac , thro sher arms around his neck, im-
114
prints a kiss upon his cheek ••• " Sometimes he pulled
violently at the heart strings, as in the allusion to the
little child "who at upon our knee, into whose eyes
looked 1th love, whose little hands clasped our neck, on
hose cheeks e imprinted the kiss-- e can almost feel the
115
th ebbing" of its heart to-day. Always h ought the
det il hioh ould aken an e otional respon , but never
i n uch qu t ity or exagger t d quality that h could be
named a ens tionali t.
at then hall b aid to be t source of Bi hop
S1 p on• loquenc His d livery, po essed of th fund -
ent 1 qu 11t1e of conviction, 1 pa sioned
con agious. Languag
rnestne
ch
s1 pl
inc rity that
d clear. ind quic to perc i e and count
th r 1 ion hi of th p rticular and th univ r 1, and
an onal natu 1 attuned to th mot on of th
p o l •
Cf.,
-
ll Ibid., p. 202,
115
Ibid., p. 232,
p. •
ro
ro
Th
Th
Victor of
Po r oft
1th.
I i ibl.
. CHAPTER X
RHETORICAL THEORY
In his Lecture S! Pr aching, delivered to students
of theology t Yal College, Bishop Simpson ode tly dis-
claimed any preten ion to a rhetorical theory. a young
minister, h aid, h as concerned only 1th p rsuading en
to co to Christ. Someti heh d ritten out 11n
here and th r, or f catch- ords on a er p of pap r,
but h1 mini try larg ly one of exhortation rather than
of on1z1ng." H bad expected, by and by to find lei ur
to b t r e on ,
'
ut n all his lif h n v r found
1 • y bo t got on th t am, h aid, d I h b
0 do th r pid curr nt 1tho t th ti to st, until
I can 1 0 t h outh of th ri r, and t e boundl
00 b yon.
1
It 1 \Uldoubt dly true t t hi ly nit
xhort ti t
I
h on to
e ch 11ttl ti to d o e to t e con iou
of 1ng. on t 1 , h 0 tor1cal
pri ncipl out in Cadi h had itt n y it
the of g 1n1ng ac111t of xpr ion,
2
xpr purpo
1
t h S1 p on, ____ on aching
befor the Th _.____....., ..... o e Colle---,.~--.-wor:
Phillip & H , :-
2Geor R. Crook, The Lif of Bishop atthe Simpon
( w York: Harper Broth r , 1890)-;-p. 28.
524
and included in his conference course of study s required
reading as Blair's Lectures~ Rb. toric and Belles Lettres.
5
A fragment of his writing from Indiana days shows th the
wa familiar with Campbell's Philosophz of Oratorz.
4
During
hi first year at Pittsburgh, Simpson induced the other
to mini ters of th station to" elect at xt each day,
rite sk 1 ton, and compar th m.
5
t Indiana bury h
pl ann d a book for young inisters, the first ohapt r of
hich hould e br c Th tter an ann r o public p
-
in •"6 bi hop, on o his r pon ib111t1e t e ch co f r-
enc too in th qu lifi d d cons and eld r. H
chos th1 occ ion to pr ach i iv on to t
oun cand1 t , outlining 0 t em th ir dut1 , d
C r in th to utilize V o rce o l rning
C r ctr t p d on 0 C 11 n ic
th ir.
7
0 ti 1 d, h o r, 1th t 1 1
a dr s
•
H h db n 1 hop bu t o or t r b
b g o pl or cour 0 1 C t ir in
of Std in Di n1 ,
r 5, 18
•
tth Sip on, ra1 d dor t on, fr nt
0 1 to d nt, 3, 18
5
Croo cit., p. 98, citi 1m on• di r ,
ove b r 13,
Sip n, • cit., Pr ch r• ual, bri f out-
11n •
Uncle tt s p on to Simpon, b ry 29, 1840. ,
7
1n1 try. he Christian Cf., pp.
'12
•
-
525
each to be preached or delivered es.oh morning at Confer-
nce." In 1855 the first in hi projected list of lectur s
a "Ho to prepare S rmons," and in 1856 he 11 ted such
topics as "Call to the 1n1stry," "Eloc tion in pulpit,"
8
G eneral H bit," "Organized labor, Habit of tudy.n
Fin lly, in 1863, during t e bu ye r of th Civil
N r, nd at th hour of 1 in th morning, he 1 unoh d hi
l
ct eri
•
Th tal r for th young pr ch
,
but th old n and t om n also ttend, h rote hi
ife , d th 1 g churc [at htabula, Ohio) 1 n arly
ull at i o'cloc.
9
H discu sed not only ho 1 tic 1
nd r toric 1 th ory, but church iz tion d po it
•
C t OU t t pl
• • •
on of
p i t 0 of th t g , e d 1 t
o do t n goo.
10
p d d
u n too C 1 , or t 0
0 n on of t e
11
In 1867, ho
• I
1 d to o o io
cour 0 1 C ur 0 , r i
I
nc 0 h t o 1
p
or t
12
• • •
t n o i Journ 1
, 1856.
11 n • S1 pson, Jul 20, 186.
9
I id., 1 p on to
r •
lOTh
t 6, 1863.
11
Tb lat I find ention di in 186, Chri ian
____ and Journ 1, 1, 186.
Th ethodi t, D cemb r 7, 1867.
52
When the invitation came, then, in 1878, for Simpson
to deliver the Lyman Beecher Lectures on Preaching at Yale
College, he had lready thought comprehensively and at
length upon the subject. The lectures hich he present d
ere but a rest temant of the instruction he had long since
been giving to the young preacher of the ethodist Church,
and they included in a 1 rge part to of hi ee ons, th
ursl m addr ss on Th Christi inistry, and h an
nci co r nt on I Chri t snit lur.
1
Th choic of i hop Sip on to 11 er th Yal
Lee s a, both oh d th e hodist Church , hono
of hich he a not un r. t bl h d h o o
echer, the lectur hp
cl rg n nr a B
db n fill d by such d
ch ran Ph 11 p roo
t ng 1 h
I,
0 0 et rn bi th
t o 1 Ep copal C
o, ho ch y on o
1 t in c an Cu ch pol
old not , un r th
P e
c pt d th
opport
0 1
ity 0
t
o at th s
1
tion, h
ho 1 to
lly on
ti
-- h
ho to d
Cf., pp
'78, 87
ct on
S1
r
•
n t 1n t
to d
t or 0
o f1c1 1 d ti
not 1 b n o
t t rot t
o not ho 1
t o o lo
C
g
•
1
n-
527
did not intend "to lecture systematically on homiletics,"
for that ork was ell performed by the regular professors.
H e would only supplement the academic instruction by telling
of his own xperiences.
14
Classically, rhetorical theory is divided into five
rea: ourc of per ua ion ( hich includes the characte
of the sp aker, the logical content, and emotional appeals),
15
arr ge ant, tyl, memory, and d 11v y. Stud nt of
pulpit loqu nee ha e co only ace pted the princ1pl of
rh tor1c e pplicable tot ir o field, b t 1th th
tion t tho 11 tic oonstitut a peci 1 branch.
p
ching 1 to b to f fro
b C u 0 h 'un orl 1 ot1
t b o o b 1nfiu c ,
0 p C
cul r o tory' not onl
b hicb th p ch r
of t r OU C
n lly
it
terial,
th d cl
--only t
tion o d1vin ly n p
fun
ruth.
16
Si p on,
l Th cl
,
Coop r,
0 p ,
(Ph. D.
r ph d,
•Ct., p • , 10.
I
on,
r C ,
on and
-----on-, 1898),
Yo
er, de
528
Preaching!.! Declaration of Divine Truth. Matthew
Simpson, too, premised his theory of preaching upon the
belief that to preach was to declar divine truth; "neither
argument nor oratory of your own can ave the people," he
id. Yet, the bet use of th e tool of oratory which the
youn preacher could po ible gain, ould be" ielded by
the Holy pirit for the salv tion of men.
17
Fundamental, then, to a ucces ful ministry, is th
realization that preaching is ordained of God.
- ---
0th r pro-
fession • rise out o human ants. They xi t bee u
an sen e n ed and eks to upply it. The physician
ne ed wher sicknes s prevail •••• The profe ion of
t attorn ••• i d mand d h re 1 s beco e co pl ct d
• • •
but "Chri tian reaching ari , not o muo fro
p
po
iv d necessity, a fro G od 's peci 1 ordination.
18
son peci 11 ordain do G od, th pr char
unu ual r ponsibili y and opportunity. The
no gr t offic th n h
•
st of 11, h u t o-
cl i h 1 d tidin of salvation a et do in t h
t t pr c ing or Cristian O r tory 1
e cont nd ht it i pecial f ld.
a p rt of rh
Ebene r ort
to 1c;
r,
Colli on H o iletic and Preachin
-----.26. John Casteel,
___ ...-,. __ _
, 1872-
_,....~--aneton, no , 1
th t th1 concept 1 co on in the Ya
17
s1 p on,~• cit., p. 72.
18
Ibid., P• 12.
Yor : Ezr
of Preachin in
r on, o -
3). Ca teel points
lecture.
,
529
bible. He is an amba sador--the highest representative of
God to the people; he is a watchman, charged 1th the elfare
of the people; he is servant of humanity, dedicated to
"teaching the children, comi'orting the sorro ing, relieving
the poor and wretched, follo ing the anderer, reclaiming the
prodigal, bringing home the outcast, 11:fting up the down
trodden ••• " These re pon ibilities cannot be dispatch d
1th mere teaching. Thos eak, imperfect, impure, and
sinful beings must be trans ormed into the 11k ne s of th
lorious Saviour. To teach, to pray, to exhort, these ar
not th function of the preacher. Christian preaching is the
x.h1bit1on of Christ before the eyes and hart of th
ultitud, that all ay ee and r pent, bel eve and
njoy ••• It i the ord of God pr s nted by on
d vinely co is ion d, and o ccomp ied by th pow r
of the Hol Spirit th t m n ar tr nsfo d from inners
to aints.
9
Th in1 tr u t b liev trongly in t di in ch cter of
hi call, he u t b d ply con ict d in th tter.
then could h r lize hi full tr ngth a pre ch
an o d p conviction, en thou h occa ionally
the an of po r.
20
Thi doctrin, of cour , b ic to th bi
0 po r 1n the pul~it. s h be n point d out, h
19
rb1d., pp. 2 -4, 26, 28-9.
20
Ib 1 d. , p • 40 •
Only
r. T
rr , 1
ho '
g n
530
much of his ability from the strength of his conviction-
believing th the as ordained of God and that he was preach
ing the "word of God," he was able to achieve an intensity
which inflamed the people. It was thi same conviction
hich he himself possessed that he set forth in the lectures
as ess ntial to the uccess of the young preacher •
.
If, then, preaching were divin ly ordained, ho hould
a man know that he as "called to preach? that he as,
indeed , them a enger of God In a ann r typical of hi
carefully reasoned out theory of providence, Simpson sought
ome rational ground forte ting a "call. In the fir t
place, he did not r gad the leadings of Provid nc as
ad qu te indication of a call to preach. Thee er but
the infiu nc
profe sion.
nat r 1 el
which ight induce a young an to nt r any
In th
nt.
call to pr ach there
On the other h nd, h
u t b
would ject
uper
uc
ens tion 1 circum tanc s an ud ble voice, or vi ion,
or dre
•
God po to
throu h th o inary s ns
pi itu 1
•
Th ca11 a 11
ann r, not
till,
11 oic, pr ua ion that on
Go p 1,
do thi
so tim s
ork at th
con iction th t God requir
21
p ril of hi soul.
Ho i th young an to kno th t hi 1 pr
hi to
ion,
his conviction, is of divine originf In th fir t pl ce,
21
rb1d., 42 46 pp. - •
531
he may test the call by reference to his experience ot
conversion. He 111 reoognize the same "Spirit" at ork-
t he same "tenderness," the nearness of God, "the more
earnest ••• yearning to save the world."
22
The first te t, th n, is the young man's own conscious
ness, his own awarenes, hiss nse of oughtne s. The second
is the "voice of the Church." He need not h ve told hi
friend, th bishop aid, p aking out of his own experienc.
Th young an ay fancy the matter 1 a ecret th hi -
self ••• But one day some ged servant of God will lay
an a fectionat hand on his shoulder, and say: 'Has not God
g1 en you g ater or to do?' The Church may then act,
oic, add d to th in hat v r ann r is cu to ary; it
consc i ous c 11, gr atl y tr ngth n th
23
con iction of duty."
A
t
con c y b deceiv d, th Church ay rr
i n it choic • th rd te t 1 nee s ry;
1
An 1nfall1bl
cr i t rion is need d.
ust tart f o t
ffected, n tures ch
Th oul thu
gr C, but th
th y r God' o
o the ministry,
1plo .2
The pr acher u t get result. Tar
y so th a dience, h rt
ed.
u t b
d r not only th trophie of div
al o the al of hi ministry •••
atte t tion of a call to th or
hi o sign ture to th minist rial
22
Ibid.,
PP• 48-51.
23
Ibid., p. 56.
2
Ibid.,
P•
60.
Invention. The term
0
invention," as applied to
rhetorical theory, encompasses all the means of persuasion;
that is, the logical, pathetic, and ethical proo.fs--the
appeal to reason, to emotion, and the weight which a man's
own character lends to his argument. The ancient rhetor-
25
icians, beginning with Aristotle gave consideration to
532
all of these as factors in persuasion. To them all oratory
had something of the same general purpose--to persuade, to
stir men, to move them to action, or strong feeling. Toward
the latter part of the eighteenth century, George Campbell
broke from the classical tradition, declaring that there
ere four general purposes of a peach: to enlighten th
derstanding, to pl s.se the imagination, to mov the
passions , or to infl.uence the ill.
26
lt ough thi book,
wid ly us d in erican college and lmo to Simpson, ba
consider bl influenc on the spee.kin and pr acb1n theor,
t e bishop, in considering the purpos o preac ng, aligned
himself 1th the clas 1c1sts: th onl end for pulpit oratory,
he believed, as top rsuade. The pr ae er, h aid, 1
not · erely to t ch hi aud1 nc ho to r p nt, but to bring
t m to r pentance • • • He is not mer ly to p e ent th
cross of Christ, but to lead the peo 1 to it foot."
27
25
Sandford, op. c1 t., p. 13; Cooper, .2£• c1 t., p. 8.
26
Ibid., p. 110.
27
Simpson, .2E.• cit., p. 26.
533
Simpson recognized all of the sources of persuasion--
logical, emotional, ethical, but to him the chief of these
was ethical. He therefore devoted much of his 1 ctur
series to a discussion of the pr acher. With the titles
"The Preacher Personally," " ini terial Power," "The In
fluence of the Pastorate on the Pulpit, and "r the odern
ulpit a Failur ," four of th 1 ctur s er giv no er
almost entirely to thi consideration, to others e
concern d 1th the mi ion and call of the preacher, and
only to ntir 1 ctur and part of a thi ,
at ion of a Sermon,"
11
The D 11 v r of a Sermon,
Th Pr p r
nd "Indir ct
r p ration of a Sermon,
rhetoric 1th ory.
or 1 portent t
no onl procl 1
t
t
er cone rn d primarily 1th
ch r
pr achin. The p oph t of Go
truth, but t d
tne of it aving po er. Eloquenc
r onal
in th
no r 1 in th d 11 ry of
d ent 1, ten, to
g •
ical p u ion-- 1 ,
to p r u ion inati fro the characte oft e peak r -
xp rienti 1 religion. H ex lain th doctrin
of th Bibl intell ctuall, t e bishop ad, but h cannot
p eac properly ithout a per on 1 realiz tion of the truth.
28
28
Ibid., p. 67.
534
Changing his address £rem the indefinite third person, the
bishop turned to the young students befor him and strongly
charged them 1th thei~ responsibility.
You must tudy not only the history of Chri t, the
lessons taught, and the orks performed; but you must
tudy him per onally, until you have taken into your
selve the impress of his character, the stamp of his
own image •••• Your one or must be to hold up
Christ before the people, and so pr sent him and realize
hi po er, that th peopl h 11 see him through your
life a ell as through you r presentation. People
judge not o much of truth in it abstract as in its
mbodied form. You may peak of the ekne s d love
of Chri t, but you tand in Chri t' stead b for t ir
ey • They look for that e kne and lov in you, and
you dishonor your aster hen you exhibit a spirit hich
d1£f rs from hi .2
All of th1 ha a et physical charact r, an b tr ct,
other- orldin a, y tin principl i is not entially
di f r nt f o th doctrin of u ntilian th t an or tor
u t b 00
,30
s p on, lik ot r pul it
•
torician of hi a., , p is d goodne of t orator
upon e ul tion of Je u , on pi it 1 tr n t d in-
ight g n d by cont on o th er ptur , and u on
up ur 1 i t nc •
In ord r top r u d th p opl to b com C ri tin,
•
29
Ibid., pp. 71-72.
n, Sel ___ .._ in Rhetoric
Yor : • • lon Co pany,
Quintilian, Institut s ,2_ Or tory,
535
the preacher must not only "experience reli ion," but he
must be more than ordinarily circumspect in his conduct.
His conversation should be "genial and pleasant, and at the
same time pure and instructive."
32
He should avoid stimu
lant "of every character," for although they afford
"temporary strength to the system," they result in a
depres ion and a consequent inability to be of aximum
usefulness in hi oth rs functions in the church. The 1 ast
that can b said for tobacco 1 that it 1 a co tly od
of needl s self-indul enc, and o tands in the ot
the inister• usefuln
•
H pleads th mi ion ry cau
I
and urg hi congregation to cono ize; but hi ord
all po rl hen th y e t e.t h do not lov t
cau ·
o r 0 uch a 0 tr in 1 0 elf in. du gence.
Li 1 , 1 1 t t any pa nt dr d t
- 1
it 0
h
1-
1 er, t h ir on b 1 d t 0 h 1 1nflu nc
to u e tobacco, d yp 0 1 , e cially in t e C
roo , fin t odor pleasant.
3
T ini r t g rd,
oo, in poor nt 0 on y or t 0
par 1 co l b t
I
b t h due tion
and oc. 1at1on h 111 e acquir d and int t
h i .c b X n iv
I
b yond hi ode t inane
•
H t
32
s1 . p it 75 .. on, o. c ., P• · •
33
Ibid., PP• 78-80.
536
adhere to the inflexible resolution "never to go into debt."34
Also, in spite of his superior education, he must bewar of
thinking himself better than others. "Christ identifi d
hi sel with the common people. They "'heard hi gladly.'"
The p acher must demonstrat a g nuin aff ction for the
mas , he mu t have a longing arnestnes" icb 111
anif st its lf in his spirit, hich" 111 be br th d into
hi
11
on, and 111 actuate him 1n 11 hi duties.
e th th 1 in the ini try, not 1 pl
en
pro-
on or 11v lihood, but th t hi 1 ion 1 0
bl humanity.
35
Th n1 and lf-conce1,
bot o
n t
ncour g d by th natur o hi of ic •
, t pulp1 i 'th t on o th
ut orit t 1 •
• • •
u or
on, on ubj c 0 on-
••• unu 0 co 1ct1o or pl ,
[ ]
t
•
ctn
It
lf lo
bring t e
d •
•
0 C
Ibid., p. 86-87.
35
Ibid., pp. 75,84
in
, 0
bl,
o h
1 0
cc
id S p
e 1 d
OU
C 11
C 0
a pa
n q
1
0
0
on
-
tru
n36
your argument ••••
53'7
Conceit arises, particularly, in the case of the young
pr acher. "He has scarcely d scended from the pulpit hen
some on i silly enough to tell him, and he i foolish
enough to believ, that he has pr ach d a fines rm.on."
The difficulty 1 that p opl "take stock in him, not bee u
of ht he is, but of hath 111 be. They admir at
utt ranc s, not e ely b caus of hat thy ar, but for
th po e t gi 0 co ng or tor.
7
Bu t young
an compar him lf 1 0 bl d e nist , and
f cie t th i alr ady or popular. Th only edy
1 p
ti 11
negl ct t
ln
The
C 1
6
Ibid.,
37
bid.,
38
Ibid.,
b c s t
cipl1n
popul
, 0
n n
p 85.
p ., 87,
r, o
nt r
3.
pp. 89-90.
i
0 -
old ini tr too oft n
I
0
on r
due
tion.
1 u -
th
g lo i it 0
n h i ue of to-
• • •
So, study 1s important, not only for the preparation of
sermons, but for the eneral reputation of the preacher,
and his ability to persuad.
538
The pastoral duties, too, must be regarded, not only
for their own value,
39
but for th r lationship ich they
bear to th p stor•a charact r, and therefore to his po r
in th pulpit. Th pastor must visit his people, call upon
them in th ir ho
t m, anif t
hro h vi iting h
and pl ces of bu ine s, converse th
intere tin th m and th ir family •••
ill kno better ht to pre ch, h
in truct or
i p opl,
1aely, h 111 gain lov and affection of
d Th ini tr b lov d by his congr g tion
a k y to th ir aff ction. They 11 ten 1th d light,
find pl ur din ruction in 1 hi ni tr tions.
Th of 1c 0 pry r 1 lua 1 d unct to th
p p t. Th ni r should p y in C d otio 1
it t th 0 1 ar con c OU of th pr aenc of
t gr 0
• • • •
e P
tor• id nt cc to
th
C -
the h rt of th p ople.
• •
• Thi
1 0 p th t 0 1 for th
C ion o 0
1
Th publ cpl tfo affo th
•
ni o portunity to nl rg hi influ nc in b
39
Ibid., pp. 238 9.
to the
th ory.
1 e of pasto 1 dut
oft
, qu t
1 ctur 1
a id .from r
de ot d
toric 1
0
Ibid., pp. 2 0-4.
1
Ibid. , p. 263.
539
of the Bible Society, temperance, and other causes. The
preacher must understand the laboring man, if he is to avoid
42
the alignment of the masses against the Church, as in Europe.
The minister ho most .fully identifies himself with
every good cause, and who most fully performs all he
work properly devolving upon him, 111 not only maintain
a consci nc void of offense·, and enjoy the favor of God,
but 111, also, best secure the favor of his congre
gation and the approbation of the public. Such a man
magn fies his inistry, blesses his age, and honors
God. (Appl use].43
Th 1n1 tr must not, ho ev r, get into politic •
e hould fe 1 deep int rest 1n matters affecting his
country and hould exerci e h privile s as a citizen,
but "h sho 1 b careful as am nist r, not to take part
n political eatings call d or th ur OS m r ly of
po ot ng th nt sts of party or of advoc ting the
el ction o particula• r men.
44
It 1 ore for a mini t
to t p do fro hi pulpit to enter a political canvas.
he nt th t good n nee no .fice, that h
ay do a vat ount of goo in politic, i not suffic nt
to comp ns t for th lo
public 111 then und r tan
h ch 11 suffer. or th
th t tho e ho profess to be
c 11 d of God hav no uch conviction as bind the to
th 1r
'
or ••• The case thu far stated is in it
exc ton ble fo
•
uch ore is it hen ini ter
42
rb1d., PP• 277-82.
43
Ibid., p. 296.
4
Ibid. , p. 285.
least
540
seeks a nomination, "or hen he accepts of a clerkship,
becomes an agent for insurance societies, or for selling
pianos, or sewing machines, or patent medicines. [Laughter]"
"Such men," said the bishop, "do immense injury to the cause
of Christ."
45
Bishop Simpson believed, then, that .fundamental to
success in the pulpit is a good life--one founded upon
belief in the Christian ay and the divine nature of the
ork, circumspect in conduct, diligent in ork and tudy,
and devoted in energy and belief to the cause of Christ.
His lectures ere a rationalization of his own 11.f. He
summari~ d hi early thinking about his "call to pr ach,
he r fleet d hi continuing struggle for "godly" life,
fr from trivial conversation and undiverted .fro the
central purpose of preaching Chri t--unaffected by pp al
from political d social a.form and cau es. H expl ined,
indirectly, hy it as that, through hi o circumspect
conduct , his intense prayer, hi affection and concern for
the pr acher of hi
the tot nk of hi
Church, he gaine th ir · steem, pro pt d
46
1
hum111ty, implicity, hi gentlen
devotion, '
47
hi profound spiritual sympathy,
48
and he
5
rb1d., pp. 308-9.
46
orth astern Christian dvocat, July 2, 1884,
citing The Christian Intelligencer, n ••
47
Loc cit., citing th __ York Observor, n.d.
48
' Great Modern Preacher," Andover Revie, 2:186,
August, 1884.
I
541
explained, also, a part of his own effectiveness 1n the
pulpit. Men listened to hi because they believed 1n his
goodness.
Logical Persuasion. In discussing the content of the
sermon, Bishop Simpson set forth what he believed to be the
proper themes, the suitable materials and their source, the
method of collecting materials, and techniques of putting
the together for the sermon.
He as not particularly inter sted, 1n his 1 ctures,
in the logical process. It as import t, first of all, to
realize that the bible as the sourc of truth--it wa
re ealed truth, absol te and final. e are informed," he
sai, that' 11 Scripture is given by inspiration of God
• • •
'
and is profitable or doctrine, for reproof, for
correction. The pre ch r ho quotes uch from th bibl
has not only in th et tion of hi earers th authority
of 'Thu saith the Lord,' but th re 1 al o a di ine uns n
po er o join d to thos ords that they cannot b utt rd
ithout fruit.
hoe er orcibl
49
but ord •
On the oth r band, Th ords of en,
and ho er b u 1 ful they may be, re
It 111 b r cognized that th bi hop a s tting
forth h1 doctrin of th 1nv1s1bl ," hi belief that by
som ubtl eans, spirit as abl to operat on pirit so
49
Si pson, .2E.• cit., p. 102.
542
that a man might utilize supernatural power. In the scripture
verses the bishop recognized an agency of that po er--in some
ay the use of those verses in a sermon enhanced the effect-
1 veness of the preaching. In the matter of result, as ha
60
been pointed out, the modern ocial-psychologist would
agree with Simpson that a po er ov r he people aecompanie
th use of thee familiar and auth v pa sage from th
bibl; not becaus of any divine force, but by rea on of
emotion 1 conditioning. H o ev r rong he may hav been 1n
a signing the cause of th pheno ena, Si pson a right in
hi obs rv t1on, and his instruction to the young minist rs
a metorically ad p ychologic lly
51
ound.
It ust not be thought that by this d clar tion of
f 1th in the authority oft e bible, th bi hop plac d hi -
sel 1th tho Christian ho no t th m el
Fund -
e 1 og t r too catholic in hi i , metal t.
too rec pti to cholar hip and cienc to ignor or ridicul
th gre t tudent of biblic 1 lit r tur. lthou h
d clar d that h had no pathy hat v r 1th that pirit
hich find yths nd mi tur in h ord of od, h
quic to dd, I do not unde at tru critici
c dingly 1 portant to d te in t e g nuin n
•
I t is
d
a
50cr., p. 12• alt Lipp ann, Public Op non ( ew
York: Th -ac illan Co pan , 1927), P• 9
51
Aristot e has an xtended disc ion on the valu
of maxi and proverb, Cooper, o. cit., pp. 149-54.
543
authenticity of the text." But one scholars "have detennined
for me what the true text is, I accept it in my heart of
hearts as the word of God."
52
Having determined upon the bible as the word of God,
and therefore the chief ource of materials for th preacher,
Simpson insisted strongly upon then cessity of thorough and
repeated study. The ini ter must catch the spirit of every
book, he hould compare scripture 1th criptur, mak use
of commentaries and critic 1 riting, he hould tudy
hi torical work hich ould thro light upon ach of th
biblic 1 period. He should underrate no portion of the
bible , he should never sp ak or think dip ragingly of the
Old T tamen • Th e T t ent as peculi rly rich in
it preciou promi e, but it a
expan ion of the Old. a
in
th
gr t ea ure an
d of gold running
throu h the entir
th e clap
arp, from the beginni
hich bind together Genesi
to th nd• ,
nd Revelation.
53
Th youn pr ace hould ha e cl ar and d cl d
convict on a to the rat doct ins of the bl,
• •
conviction b d upon c ful tudy of th bible and o
er
p
he
eds. H [ Armin an pe 1ng to Cal ini t
of hat t of doctrines they r to
ould urg th m to be m n of con iction.
1
52
simp on, o. cit., p. 108.
53
rbid., pp. 101, 10, 110-11.
] ould
cc p ,
The
•
th
not
but
re
544
several doctrines, however, on hich the young preacher should
be fully prepared. First he would name "the divinity of
Christ." To this he would add "The depravity of the human
heart, the inherited tendency to go wrong ••• " and the
"influences of the Holy Spirit" as "the agent of our awaken
ing, justification, and sanctification.a Also the preacher
should distinctly set forth "The doctrine of th immortality
of th soul, of the resurrection of the body, and of future
re ard
54
and pWlishm nt ••
• •
1th this backgrotmd, the preacher a r dy to
select the subjects, the them for h s se on. First
i t should be remembered that th obj ct of the pulpit 1
not i ply tot ch or nforce moral ty from any heathen
or natural stand-point. orality should bet t, but
let it b morality that is us fro h rt Chang d and
purifi d. Th mini ter hould s 1 ct t r t h s• ,
he ought not to "occupy th p ople it tri 1 1 ubj ct,
for 'The 1ntere t of etern ty , to so 1ndiv1d 1 , r t
on i U 0 a ingl on.
• • •
on, th n,
dir c ly or indir ctl, oul 1 a
55
o Ch 1st. t
the 1n1 t topic
ch racter of God, in hi
and omnipre nc; th
c atur o God, fo
54
omnipot nc, omni cienc,
b liti of an a a
divin hand, •• • th
Ibid., pp. 114, 116, 117, 120.
55
rb1d., pp. 125-6, 127.
545
object of a Saviour's death, the possibl Son of God
and joint heir with Jesus Christ ••• ; his responsi
bility, as shown in his domestic and social relations,
in the leadership of thought, the 1nvest1 ation of
science, --~- the government of the orld;--then, too,
his glorious destiny; his conflict with and triumph
over death and the grave; the re urrection of the body,
strang and incomprehensible as it may be, and an im
mortality coeval with the duration of God himselt;-
then, too, the thought, that hi d stiny is in his own
hands; that, accepting Christ and obeying the divine
la, he may dell besid the throne of God himself,
but that, r jecting Christ and the offers of mercy, h
"hall be punished 1th verlasting d struction fro the
presenc of th Lord, and from th glory of hi po er."56
He ould admonish th to avoid alls ns tional t xts nd
topic • So preacher u tad rti e in n ndeavor to d
p opl by the quaintne or ecc ntricit of their titl
•
n announc hi ubj ct, 'Th valu o bac bon ,' anoth r,
' The irl o th p tiod.• kne pr c r o announc d
is t xt ord th t pok n by n th r od, an,
nor 11. n r ation g r d t
a -- and not r 1n pprop t it
r ut
r. (La
anc
hte
h i
t h t
C t 1 11n
po 1
inf
ro th
d o UC
t di tanc,
1
u t n t
1 op, i
Sa io
confid nc of
cong g tion in h d cl r ion of a ini tr hat
h or th f Go
58
56
Ib1d., p. 127.
57
bid., p. 136-7.
58
Ibid., p. 1 7.
546
Although the ·se:nnon was primarily derived from the
bible, the minister was not limited to that source for his
materials. He should study Church history, the sermons of
other men, particularly the great masters, he should keep
abreast of the times by study of the dally pres and maga-
59
zines. He should dra upon the history and habits of th
people to hom he ministers: the assayer of m tal, the
cases of the attorney, the diseases and remedi s of the
physician, the econom and t ri.ft of the hou if • SO H ,
himself, a a youth bad be n 'passionately .fond' o the
n tur 1 science
•
A m
1nte ddl 1th all 1
ni t r sho
dom, y t
1
I
0 as
o :far
v r to
pr cticabl,
e Chri t
s t e gr a centr f'i r
61
•
or the coll C ion 0 t r al
I
oul d
ghl th
u ··
of 00 and
co .
on 1 C [ C
a ,
h 1 lf h , C 1n r J.
er ig t 11 a no e-boo xt n
·u
j C ,
u 1 n up 0 s on C 1
0 on
•
0 thi 1 0 C
my l
,
a d h b 0
I
T 0 0 0
to ther, I no
I
ub ct 0
nt t to 1 t e 0 y da e
62
C m
•
•
•
•
59
id., 120, 1 21, 124. pp.
60
Ibid., p. 1 o.
Sl bid.,
pp. 164, 12
•
62
Ibid., pp. 121, 137.
547
Whatever materials might be used or collected, the
preacher should be sure that they were "thoroughly digested;
they should be transformed and transmuted into one's own
current of thoughts." The material becomes then not
•
plagiarism, nor simpl use of quotation of another man's
ork, but "like the stream hose volume is s ollen by every
little rill, it will hurry on ard in it own chann 1, aking
it own usio as it flo
•
H ould suggest tat the young
p r acb r r1t • ch, not for p e ching, but to de -lo hi
facility in x re ion.
3
In the direc prep ration o ennon, th acb r
t o• d choo hi u j C nd t , d t n th pu 0 e
for h r , end th n begin to ct. t V r s on
to C ho ld ir
·1
olv 1 0 t of 0 ,
t 0 t , t f
• •
to co nt
•
T 0 ch 0 C , n
to cur a C th nt.
d t 0 , C d
0 0 h · O in on [ · OD
n 1 t d 0
, no ·C-
cord 0 h oric d 1n1 on]. T olo ical V t on,
1 0 r r qu r or tio 0 t oul.
on, 0 ha no ti e 0 Gr k 0 H br
root
'
or m d e 1 t r t
•
h dd d him 1 to
S3Ib ., pp. 121, 122.
548
natural science." The one idea of the minister must be "to
bring men to Christ." nAround this great central thought
all other thoughts gather. Whether he reads or converses,
listens or looks, every incident and every event is measured
by its relation to this.n So, 1th this one idea in mind,
the pr acher 111 a ch the thoughts that com to him under
t la of association., and sel ct and ret in those oat
important to hi subject. He sits," the bi hop said, as
I h ve en pi er, 1th hi b befo hi , and ··ai ing
until some fly ha b n oau t and n rap d. o id a fl
and ali t, and he ecur s th m. So e people beat aintain
t is cont1nu1t 0 thou t b e pin th · pe in hand
'
d
atching t tho ht th her around it. 0th r in. v nt
be by
. al
in t e oor, rl thod t i n ant tho
b t on hor b C
•
he t pl 1 0 0 ir C ion
Jo S1 do dl
6
0 r. on, 0 , 0
of on, t 0 1 to g 1n
alt 0 1 e 0 t co l hi t
1 n , t d to
h i 0 in s. 1
J
ho
onl 1 co ld a s on b bly ro by th
fort of e1 b r p aker or ri r. T 1 ay b 1 t,
bu 1 1 req n 1 11 the t nd r bl d compar 1th
t ri ear. Only thro gh repetition could 1t become
64
r id., pp., 141, 143-, 14.
t
product of matured study and criticism.
549
65
To the young preacher, then, the bishop would r com
mend, for the logical development of a sermon, the acceptance
of the bible as rev aled truth, and therefore, it careful
and exhaustive study, but, like is the utilization of all
other kno ledge as viewed in its relationship to the
preacher's fundamental purpose--th converting of men to
Chri at • On the tt r of arrangement of these materials,
more 11 be aid in another ction.
r uasion. Of the t chnique o ecurin
otion l sponse from an audienc, Bi hop imp on h
1 t l to a y. In fact, h gard d app al to otion not
oul
t
for
n
tr C
of h
an or tool, but a a r sult. T
r forg t t t
bi op id.
ach n
is m
d d fo i
1 ' o i
diat
cc pt d
ct,
I
no i t e da o
ic
ir f
6
ar.
on
h id,
t, nd h
But
p
ion •••• It i t
ch d.
ho
ot un
h v b n p
h
q n 1
had in nd no tho
f
of rh
1 pr
n
ion
or
r a n
b
orical
d
or br n ng abou uch r ul
•
ad but on
th t t preach h o ton con ict on
ivine i ion, th th b 0 cop on t th n,
65
Ibid., pp. 158-9.
66
bid., pp. 151, 312.
5501
that he would receive ttdivine e.ssistance,
11
and so be able
to preach with "unction" and "power.
116
'7 The bishop made
one other suggestion, although he did not directly relate
it to emotional appeal. Only by personal visiting, he said,
could the minister kno the orkings of the minds of his
congregation, "the presence and pressure of disturbing
doubts, the tr ngth of severe temptations, the rapid
currents hich they are trying to stem.
• •
, " only in
this manner could he gain th
68
his people.
ympathy nd good- 111 of
Unlike ristotle, then, and the cla sical rhetorician,
and 1s o contemporary, H nry ard eecher,
69
Simpon
ad no attempt to analyze factors h1cb led to emotional
pp al. P rhaps he influenced by the rh torician hom
h had studi d 1n hi youth, Blair, ho dismi ri totl'
n 1
doubtful u
'
valuabl piece of or 1 philosophy, but of
n rend n orator o p het
70
C • t Th
only ffectu 1 method of arou ing e ot on, Blair b lieved,
1 for the er to b mov d h m lt.
71
This , in e enc,
1
S p on' b 11 · and practic • Strong con ict on, th
consequent d1 in po r or unction,
67
rbid., p. 220, 222, 312.
68
Ib1d., p. 242.
for hi the
69
Coop r, o. cit., 93-133; Beecher, o. cit., 76-125.
70
Bla1r, ~• cit., p. 358.
71
Ib1d., p. 360.
secret of pathetic persuasion.
Arrangement. The second major division of rhetoric,
dispositio, received only a small ount of attention from
Bishop Simpson in his l oture on preaching. Such recom
mendations as he ade w r, for the mot part, grounded in
the cla sical tradition. In the first place, he aid, it
is necess ry for the pr char to decide definitely upon hi
purpos, he mu t detennine for hom or for hat end t
s rmon 1 deigned. I it for the impenit nt, for the
inquir r, or for the dif1cat1on of b 11 ver? I it to
nforce ome pre sing duty, to guard gain t om dan r,
or to afford comfort d hop to th suffering and orro -
ing~
72
Se ons hould be compos d 1th the congr g tion
al a in view. Th p ac r should ha
th b n it of hi p ople.
7
H vi d t
a singl
ine
y to
purpo ,
the pre ch r houl l ct t xt and a subj ct, an then
by fl ction e ol suit bl pl r on.
551
id,
The p
d i
ho po logic
of y te atic habit
, th bi hop
of littl
1 agin tion, 111 n ed divi ion accuratel mad to serv
a tep of th tair- ay on hie he ascend. Thos of
or philosophical cast of mind, esp c ally if bl nd d th
1m gin tion,' 111 e their subjec in th 11 t of
72
s1 p on,~· cit., pp. 134-35.
73
Ibid., p. 146.
552
growth. There 111 be the seed-thought, the young blade,
the stalk, the leaves, the flo er, the fruit, without precise
division technically marked." The method of division, he
said, 1s best for argumentation, that of gro his mor
effective for illustration.
74
In the lectures, the bishop
stated no preference, but an examination of his sermon
r veal decided prefer no for th latter method. Hi
as the s rmon of illustration, hich progressed from one
ace ptable premi
to hi p rsu i
to anoth r-- technique admirably adapt d
t lent • An outlin sketch which he
himself draft d for hi sennon, "The Victory of aith,
illustrate his appro ch:
1. The orld"--
2. D f. faith, element of elevation.
1. Its relative Kno ledg.
2. Analogy of gro h & relations
Rocks plants, polypi-- orm --p rfec ani 1 -
an-- gel -- od--
3. The 1 of d velop nt (sic].
Phy ic 1--cro sing t -- ailor boy. nt 1
due tion, poor raged boy, 1 tt r.
4. xc llence in pr sion. rchant --Po try--
at t n-- hington apol on--S hol r, L V rri r.
5. Chr1 ti f ith--Sin--illu tr t by girl & f th r.
Approac C lvar, 1 o a sutf ring an b n t
lo d-- load-- savor.
6. Re 1 t te pta ion, raud, vie, y i of invi ibl.
7. Endure f 11ct1on-- ido --
8. ini tr of Christ--call db ptiz d--ano ted--
Victory off 1th-- t er 7
9. Co pari on of Infid lity & Christian t.
74
Ibid., P• 1 O.
75
Sip on, s., o. cit. n.d.
553
If the speaker uses divisions, said the bishop, it is his
pleasure to determine whether or not he shall announce them
at the beginning of the discourse. If he choose to announce
divisions, he should have fe of them and they should be
76
simple in statement.
The introduction of the sermon he regarded as "the
portico of a building, the arched entrance and public p th-
ay to a garden." He did not, ho ever, conceive its function
to b to arouse attention or interest, although he did ad
monish hi hearers that it is "bad po ioy to wast the moment
when the congreg tion 1 all attention 1th unimportant or
tr1 1 l re ark • Probably the introduction should contain
brief xegesi of the t xt, or some biblical or oth r
1nc1d nt hich 111 pr pare th audi nee for the co ing
tho ht. At any rate, the preacher should Challenge the
thougbtfuln s of the udi nc at one, and ak them f l
you have important ork on hand.
77
Th · clo e o a ser on hould be marke by met-
ne d .fore • It ould b is to follo the vie hich
o one had given that you clo e your sermons o th t th
h r 111 ay to h1 elf, ' er I to live a hundr d years,
I ould never forget it.'
78
76
s1 p on, Leotur on Preaching, £1?.• cit., p. 140.
77
Ibi ., PP• 139, l O.
78
Ibid., p. 153.
Style. On the matter of style, Simpson had "no
minute directions to give." He ould dell on only one
point. "Use such language as the people can understand;
though, while your language is simple, there is no reason
554
hy the gold in your sentences may not be burnished •••• "
Simpl language he understood to stand "in antagonism to
high-sounding phrase, string of uperlatives, and rare
or technical expr salons •
11
It a opposed also to x g
geration, for "Th pulpit hould have as cred regard for
truthfulnes of expre ion as ell s fact. He mu t warn
them that "Men of intense earne tnesa, and of exceedingly
1vid imagination or ildn ss of fancy, re exposed to thie
danger (of ex ggeration]; an the hab t gro
79
upon th m."
ain, in ee ing s1 plicity th pre char ust avo
th 1 arn d phra
•
Oft ntime so e man of the peopl,
echanic or labor r, 111 gather an audi nc around him
hich th ducated pre cher cannot attract. Th r ason 1,
thy unders and hi; hi 1 nguage i the lan ag of h ir
11
• h
, pe in th ir habit of thou t;he s to
pathiz 1th t , and t 1 ery ouls cl e to him."
Thi matt r, in hi d y d ag, her lt, a b coming in
cannot hut our ye to the fact, ngl 1 portant.
he aid, t t all of partition 1 ri in high rand hi-....-r
bet en the due ted and th un ducat d, bet een th c pit 1-
79
Ibid., pp. 150, 152, 153.
555
1st and the laborer ••• " He believed no men could stand
in the breach, but "the ministers of the Gospe1.nBO
Although he did not treat the illustration as a
stylistic device, he insisted upon it value. "Every sermon,"
he said, "should have illustration. They are like pictures
to the ye hich rivet attention, and help to fasten the
truth in them mory. He off red no exhau tive treatment
of typ of illustrations or techniques for using them, but
he ma.de an ~ ... -...1 1 of the x pl a u d by Jesu : hi
ref rence to Jonah preaching at in v , of the de truction
of Sodo and Gomorrah, the vi it of the u n of Sheb · t
the court of Solomon, and other citations from scriptu •
,
fact fro J i h history, a the falli of the to er of
Silo , and the condition of the cities of Caperna ,
Chor zin,.
of corn
d Beth ida; his llu ion to natur --th gr in
ll1ng into th rth and ying, an ne 11.fe
pring1n there.fro , th lily of th fi ld, the gro h of
th st rd d; his r fer nc to th plo nt or n
r 0 ing h d d theri hi
builder in 1 te l , th C reful ho e if
er floor and f nd1ng the piece of on y--all 0
th Simp on list d, nd 1 rge numb r or.
I the S iour thu illu trat d hi rmon, hy
hould not ? ked the bi hop. P rable, a legory, t phor,
80
Ibid., p. 154.
556
ere sanctified by him for use. The apostles all follo ed
the example of Jesus and confined their illustrations to
Jewish life, history, and habits, except Paul, who t
Athen used illu trations fro Gr cian poet and sculptur,
and else here an allusion to Cretan author. Thi pr
gave the preacher assuranc that h a not limit d to th
bible or Je ish history for illuatr tion but that h might
dra from the hi tory and habit of the people to ho h
nt
1n1st r
•
So, h might turn to hi tory, ci nee, lit r tu
C ere th occup tion of men, 11 o
tore. The bi hop hi self dr fr ely upon all of th s
ource • For
Vic or o
illu tr tion :
in th fir t f
h u d th follo 1
rth ab t lef eld, th
lu ion
ard n of
d
cul r tren th, hi C ic ppli nc , hi
n,
of b
for
of b , tiliz tion o b C C
I
1 otr1c1t
bi
0
D
0
t ono
o th n
e ,
, t
1
po 1z1ng o
po
1 •
1, th
h t
, the t d
81
, Ho c •
of
tr, the ho
f1 h , t
l cop,
0 ,
the
1 to - Pl to and Soc
r ,
b
ud
I
Hi tr
of th other 1
ant of t l, th n, uc s con de tion
nts of rh tor c th or, 1 1
81
org R. Croo , Se b Bisho
n
( Yor: Harper & Broth r, ), pp.
r
illustrat on from thi rmon, C ., pp.l
-
,
557
rationalization of his own practices. In his preaching
be as concerned, not with the striking phrase or the
ornate figure, but 1th commonplace language made vivid
by illustration--by narration. It a not that he rejected
th cla sical th orie o~ style, but that h 1 ct d only
the impl st of the tylistic devic s--by that eane he did
not preach lit rary ermon, but h produced phenomenal
effects upon his audience.
of th thodi t ministry, Bi hop Si pson had a trong
p f renc for th mporan o s ermon. Th hi t
pr e hich can beg en a ood r der, h id, 1 t
h d if h er p ing." T o no i
1 obj c ion b , for y y r fr th ~ ...... ..... or , or
i pat con d o tote ti id 1 hout 1th r -•o h
tt tion y r tl fro th au inc. o~ft- ,
t
ould be tt r to ha th not horo~- it n
on th h c ing ___ or not
0
th , fo it llo pl of th
o r. But it i i ic o 0
0 n ry ory, ho pr ach o o th t
• • • •
en h po of por o p , 0 d C
aid h to c 11 id no
82
Simpson, o. ct., pp. 171, 172.
82
exclude careful and thorough pr paration. 'The order and
the part of the di course should be clearly fixed in the
mind; illustrations may be selected and arranged;suitable
language for cert in portion may b ell studied, or th
hole sermon ritten.
• •
But at th tim of deliv ry,
558
the pe k r, "1th th hart full of the subject, and 1th
the outline cl arly pre iv d," hould "r ly on hi g neral
lmowledg of languag and hi hab1 t of p ing for the
pr Ci ord he y n d.
It 1 omet me said th t critical aud1 nc pr fr
th 'pol1 h d f1n1 h of writt n di oour , " that th y
r
0
p
t
p 0
on
ir
not
x ct d in ion hie th X po an ou thod
r, he ould y tat in ruct on
not th n 0 hat inf g tion 1
or t of 0 t
•
It i th 1 rg r,
C t nt on o
h 1 oup p f r th t 0 0 x-
0 0 1
r •
8
I n n pp r C h ini t , in nt 1
p 1 it, oul o d h ng C 1 0 0
•
hould ha r to h congr tion, an
n 0 con ent on p o r t • H t 0 1
ion o , d 11 p r C of di pla, b t
th oth r h nd, h u t not dopt ir of ind f nc
83
rbid., pp. 17 -7.
•
559
The moat able speaker 111 feel "a vast responsibility in
addressing an audience; uoh more the minister, upon who e
ords the destiny of ouls may d pend."
84
On th important matter of th management of th voic,
Bi hop Simpson, recalling hi experi nos both phy 1c1an
and preacher, had everal point of sound advic to
offer. irst, the pr acher should peak 1th sutfici nt
fo ce to be heard distinctly by the ntire audience. To
o thi succ sf\111, h 1 t 11 el ct om per on in
th congregation, bout tot ird o the tanc fro th
pulpit to th bac of th roo, nd direct hi re ark to
i • In a 1 rg , ho er, it i bet er for th
1 nc to b 1nconven1 nc di th fi t f nt nc ,
th fo t
P a
r to over tr n hi oice b beginning
1th too t
fo C •
h p tc
.
b h 0 0 in r con tion,
for hi 0 UC rin , llo gr t r r ,
1 in 1 onotony. 0 1 0
on bo b lo, V h
o n turaln I diction it 1 port nt forte
to ch
th
Th
cur
o1c
Di tine n 0 yll b c utt ranc, tor h c
c rryin q lity 1th the le or.
hould ay b in ony 1th th subj c,
and hould indict th rn lo , t de p ol
it'
8
Ibid. , p. 181.
560
and the ardent z.eal of the preacher.n
85
Bodily action he found closely related to voice. If
the speaker ere to avoid strain in the voice, he must avoid
tens on int USC o tJ throat. Thi can best be
accompli hed by proper movement of the hole body ••• "
Constraint of postur causes tension of muscle all ov r
the body, including the throat. In consequence, political
speakers, attorney, statesm n, all giv their bodies "fr e
pl y,n and re abl to mak lon spe ches ithout 111 eff et
to th ir throat. 1 o en in th 1n1 try
ly, ho mov fro pl c to l ce during t
on, r bl total long and loudly
o g stur
deliv y or
thout uch
86
injury.
Th 1
a ion. It oft p k t
f uenc o r a
f elin i d nc o cong
0
•
P o 1 a OU
r o
ot onl to h ar, bu , t
p r, h 1 on oft
1
f t
nt of or
peo 1
•
So
if h
n
r
r loo bov
X n h true r of
th c 1 n, t t r o r 1 1 th r by di 1 h
or tor look
of h p cture and in int
o nt o 1 vio 0 bi
Ibid., PP• 182, 183.
86
Ib1d., pp. 184-85.
pp. 187-88.
con r atio, t ou n o
ental eelin he i for th
hie
87
t occur.
•
561
On the matter of gesture, he had one rule to off r:
"Never try to make a gesture. Those only are natural hich
come of themselves." Let them look at a cro d of school
boy, or brokers in a stock exchange. Ho earnestly they
gesticulate. "They speak all ov r ••• they are rought
into a perf ct frenzy, elevating their voice, extending
their hand and arms, and making the ildest g stur s."
So the minist r, if he be full of his subject, if his heart
1 burn ng for utt ranc, if hi feelin a
111 ener lly gest culate earnestly.
88
not restrain d,
11 tr ining in voic and g stur ehould b prepara-
ory. That , locut on, of r s th prop r u of
oice, n so far a
c rn d, oul b tu 1 d p
1 prop r gestur
• • •
Bu
, r con
not ought
sold b gi n to tur
v ousl
r voio t th
in it n
o ent of sp
1ng. On thi poin th bi op
hi dvic.
I pr
o o h
your o
89
r •
I one 0 c ution you
oic, but do not tr
d p t
inst 1 1 tion.
to cop t e oic
On oth r f ctor n 11 r co anded ho'
fund ent 1 tt nt on, the f ctor hich h d stre d
to ucc T
V of rn tn , hes d, canno b too trongl
88
I id., p. 1 3.
89
Ibid., P• 19 •
562
stated." ttWhat 1 usually termed unction comes from a
heart filled with love to God and man, and a voice and
manner brought into perfect harmony with that ment 1 and
piritual state."
90
When Bishop Simpson began his Yal Lecture on
Preaching, he said of himself, ••• the lectur r in this
Chair ••• is not to lecture systematically on homiletics,
nor on the pastoral offic --a ork 11 p rformed by your
regul r profeasors--but to suppl ment their eachings by hi
own xperienc, and by gle nings from th y- id.
91
The
1 ctur , in con equence, do not represent fully developed
rhetorical theory. The bi hop a chiefl concerned 1th
hath r gard d most i'und ent 1--the d votion of th
ini tr to bi c 111n, hi pro ound conviction t t
t di 1nely in pir d, and that hi office, bove 11
oth rs, a 11 d 1th the gr at st cons quenc to th
p ople. D spite th gr a OWlt of e pha 1 and sp c
g i n to thie pr icul r th 1, t bi hop
vie o
abl to
h torical t t
tho
accord
,
90
91
xc pt1onally compre nsi
i not only co pr , but on larg ly .in
th the t net of bot anc nt and odern rh torician.
bid., pp., 188-89.
Ibid., p ., 9-10.
CHA T'R XVI
0
Thi s day I am 60 years old,' Bishop mpson wrot
in h s di ry on June 21 , 1871 . " I am adman shed th t my
day is nearly ov r - -The sun d cl n --th sh dos len then .
Th ni ht co th at m hand finds to do sho ld b don
:r
quickly- - am stly--f hfull y .
11
ven he rot , ho'-1 ver ,
had y ta dozen ye rs of n r etc nd fru ul s r c ,
y rs lled oo, iit th ha v st of h s orm r ac v tis ,
r o th honors h chm n lt du h
and nfluence . T
r
ro (7h
t t , on oh r n , a
to n in h laces . Sm son f·rst et
~. shv 11
n 18 4 . ' e
f, but
not y co u
rot ha e no doub
•
d cl n
as cce s
r t
, th
n b
sho
g
o h
r 1 nd t 1
2
.an . Th
1 r, i n publ c ,
r f rd o th
th 1 nd .
r as 'on o t
shop oo , r
n
som h i .. t
o th ner 1 . Son of d OU od om n Gr nt,
1 o h n v r uch nt rs d no n z d r 1 on,
l _ tth
mpso , ourn 1, ne 2 , 187 .
2
~ or • Croo s , The L fe of B
York : rper & roth rs , 18 0)-p- . ---------
rs . llen • pson , nu ry , 186 .
3
r.ipson , o
S r t Church ,
t ., Scrapbook, dd s t
--
ct , ov mb r , 1867 .
dford
n
s
son
m
564
att nded th Methodist Church wh n he went , nd was quite
oft n in the congr gat on when S mpson pr ached at iashington
or at on Branch . He serv don th board of trustees of
the Ifi tropolitan ,ethod st Church n ash n ton and soon
after h s inau uration gave fie hundr d dollars to the
bu ldin fund . e contribut d, also , to the subscription
for Sim son ' s cottage a on Br nch . All th s w r soc al
4
g stures , butt y led to ext nd d cordial r lat ons bet 1een
t men and t er f lies . Te G neral , for as
resent in la elph a for th m rr a oft b shop's
d ugh er, nna, to Colon 1 eaver, and contr 1 e a handsome
f n t form of th consulo.h p t nt
rant nam d Si so as co 1 ssion r to in
om n o , th th to on, b t
fore d to d cl n appo nt t bee us
T cha ro th rant 0 t
n 1 77 onl str th n d s pson t e
•
a s, r du te o C C a
or m n ar pr s d nt o t
Soc t
•
h ton sh and th r s
11
•
ss , s .
-
r •
h
of
y s
5
n 1871
at Sano
sho"'
s
church tr
adm str
ith the
n olle e,
Hom
d n nd d
Grant ,
6
1 .
t on
ous
•
s
oundry
n
(
ork, D odd , om any,
• 305 .
5
0 ,
•
t . , mpson, nuary
2 , 1875 . pso a to m lton sh
0 1 not d r rf r r b h
' ho th ap t . be n
'
0 m er ,
6
Simpson to 11 n H.
.
rs . impson, nu ry
8 , 1871 .
7
Methodist Church . Bishop Simpson , the outstanding f i gur
in M ethodism, was, of course, welcome in the presidential
home , and was, on occasion, met at the depot by the Presi
d nt's carriage.
8
. t hiladelphia , the Hayes wer not in-
9
frequently u sts in the hom of the bishop .
565
The ethodist press , mindful of the rowin prestige
of its off cials and of the lar er honor to th Church ,
published nov and then a short not of Gen r 1 G ant ' s
church ct viti s , o esid nt Hayes ' at ndanc at d vin
sorvices , or of th courtesy hich e th oft m may hav
xt nded tot
10
b shop , or other ~ethodists . All of th s
d d not SC pe th non- 1 thod st pr ss hich compl n d
th nflu nc X rt d b t t deno inat on on
,...,r nt
and
11
a s, or accused s mpson of nterfer n n pol t cal
a po n
p r OU
• R.
Boston:
n. o . H.
8
9
12
nts .
h pol t cal ac
d cad , lar el
mp on , on.ct .
•
to
V t 0 s son ia , a nth
t at of s C n appoint nt
8 1877
ayes
•
o rn 1, ru r) 7 , 187 .
mpson , Octob 18 , 876 ·
r 27 , 1879 .
,
186 ·
11
ethodi m and Its ethod ,
R v e, 7:1- 16, Janu ry , 1882 .
of
or
12
mpson , o • ct., Sm son to ev . J . 1 son ,
, 1880 . 11 son was d tor of a· r sbyt ran ppr ,
such had call d Si pson a ily b shop .
_ rch
nd
his fri nds in the Church. " Now t s said by those who
prof ss to kno1," on of them wrote ,"that my old friend
Bishop
mps on has as much nfluence with General Gr nt
as ny other livin m n
nl3
' Y..no n your nflu nc
• • •
566
with G nl
T
Grant ,
tt
nother
n ,
u I
m k old to ask
• •
you a favor
,1
•
• •
n the dov,
of an scopal an
m n t r, ish n n appo ntm nt for er d
r , rot
ayi n o fici ls in ashin ton had told r
I
f could
t you 0 r t to OU 0 t C 11 t r s d nt
• •
. he
rant ith 1 sur to you . "
15
n -
ov rnor
t d s s nc n s cur n an po nt ent m n st r
to h
1
d ch r-po t d d
o· n
a P s pr
0 C b C US h h d ' occasion lly
.
u 1 d 0 d
u s' t 1 coul r s 0 h s ot
n-1 ,
d b 0
f s
a s C t OS ma
1
11 , s
0 a sa
'
f nd Q_
o r
,
17
C , n b
•
n r 0 0 d n 0 0 r
1
t 1 0 so r 18
. ,
,
•
14
ull
24 187
•
0 0 01, n
•
15
r
nr r 27 , 1872 .
• • •
16
dd son G b s
0 i son D c r 15 , 1879 .
. ,
•
bs a n ov rnor of eon .
17
. , 1 n o Si pson , C 0 r 12 , 87
•
567
high off C ls , t bishop avoided wh n poss ble ,
18
but the
lett rs of fr nds nd c t that .e did nt rvene n the r
b half . " I was 't'flor pl sed del ghted than I c n tell
you
t
1rote ohn Gosper , Seer tary of th T rr tory
• • • •
of zon , 'on your noble 1 t r
• • •
convey n
th rat fy ng nt lli nee th t 0 had b n n conv rs t on
h th rs .
ov 1
• • •
of s o - · n-1
d
ro d
h s h
20
r m
• • •
old s n
b
0 r
0 0
0 S b ol
..
pso,
19
Ib d,
2
Ib
•
21
[Ha
s] '
and th t h 1 0 bl not C US
,19
h b shop as u ck 0 ct n h lf.
, Colon 1 h pol C 0 on nts
umor h t
1 0 S cy
C ,
, to
0 C
t bl
h
, 0
1 to
C 1 C r 0
•
old
son, .
, 1877 .
0
r s d
h,
'
h s
ht d
0
" •
•
t
0
coll rs
0
COS
•
to Lb i son,
•
0 0 on,
f 0. s consu t
•
d in 1 tt r to
s off C
•
•
OU s -
C
c .
r
nu
n
o n
•
n
0
2
C
nd n
22 , 1
on
C
]
on
• •
C 00
nc
.
r
ry 2, l 81 .
a 29 , 1875 •
0 , 872 .
s
•
568
ashington , Sen tor Jams Harlan. cand date for the
I
publican nom n tion to succ ed himself n 1872, H rlen
ras d f
0
cted fter a lon nd bitter c moa gn h ch featured
22
ttack ' s upon h s person 1 inter ty . S mpson thereupon
su est d tor.rant th t arl n ~old m ke ood Cab net
off C r . T e es den , pro t no doubt by H r n 's arm
s or ... t e t nd 0 c ... r ct r st C b t
0 r oi e no nc; self , e
t
d bu ok ion . 0 co C , no
... r y s r 0
s s fo 1 C n t on 0 n t , D 0
co 1 1 0 e r on r
0 h
1 , 0 1 0 co 1
C 0 0 0
•
cco n 1
•
,
C
.
0 0
J
0 co or o n 00
0 t r o 0 0
•
C ,
0 s ..
0 s 0
2
0
t
•
m t p 0
c mb
2
2
24
rl 0
,U
oven r 1 1875 .
•
569
the sudd n llness of a son in Cal forn·a, but to th bishop
e re ort ,,d t 1 t h a y
1 .. eel
n ..,ic 0 ' s
fr
25
or . The
tt C on J. rlan' ntG rity , rh c brought bout h s f' rst
d f at , had r sen out of h s act V t e as cretary oft
I
t
•
26
shop
•
pson's
.
politicrl tr·umoh-- rior . on maJor
t e lac·n of a .. t
0 t n t C n t-- d re-
SU t d h en 0 C r er .
s . and
•
lt 0 ood oft r d
t 0 s, s n 1 ru s c-
0 ndo C
0 0 a C C dr 0 t
.
s t
•
0
0 0 d
•
c urc UC t
C on , 0 0
2
0 C n 0 C 0
'
0
•
0 d z
f
'
0 0
0 C 0 0 1 b , or
C 0 0
28
•
C , or
0 0 0 tud 0 b op's
25
7 .
. '
1 0
26
• 23 ,
•
27
0
•
3 •
28
t
s op tth p t
o I C on rocl t
, ,
f/70
nfluenc from the pubic platform •
. s a matter of fact , ho ev r , the r thod sts of th
last century w r not leaders of r form move ents . Thy
er , s lb arnes has po nt d out , 'inv ter te
sch s t cs
• • •
r st n t1 r s p rat cours of
to 1 B be , unda Scrool , educ ton 1 , and tract
C
f
0
t
t
V es , to h loss of th n t on , r~e t od
C e C ,
too
C
po
n tional bee ol t
lf- on c o s
ens ad
,
ro o , t
C 0 ons .
ro p, oo
o or
1
· v
C
st on 1
e
t
t cu ch
29
t ."
0 t r
ot e
t r
loo
cot std 0 t
t
0 t
Cu ch o cl to
f
t
1
n pol
0 C 0
al .
C
0 t 1 ,
1 uo t C
t
on s
0
-sla e
, o b s
ot
1 Con
u
60 .
p rt o
ol c or
0
r
0
r 0 n 1840 b c us h
nd com
od c d h ' o
rt obs
1844 (1
•
D. pp
•
0
e
•
y
( e
y
d
n
0
0
•
7 .
•
571
31
into the abolition crusade . ~lb.en in 1880 Frances E.
illard , Ivlethodist leader of the
111
Jomen ' s Christian Temperanc
Union , sought to present a messa e from hr organization to
the Gener 1 Conference of the Church , the lead rs demurred .
There was
0
no prec dent" which llo~ed a woman to speak
b for that body . ◄'ven the bo r of bishops , .iss
1
• illard
said, n lmost as d ar to lTI. s my o rvn broth rs, • • • passed
b on the ot er si e , ot 'Is# . to comm t th ~selves •.•
32
Te s moson , 1 , fro he days of h s
o n n ood h n h d 1 v rd a t .p ra.nc lect r at
n V rs t , n r C d z, h o, h d een pa-
th t C th ov n , bu n r r fo t of h
g n d C C
Tr-
lso
•
n th
r d e r h r n p p rs 0 ndic
pu 1 C on 0 t pro
•
h
r n s C t . 1 s n C l n
th . t od s C , l 1 OU p op 0 da ,
p on n n r t
0 -
-1
a 0 a 11 1 d occu on s n C d
t
t pl a ur ch t r t t 11 n
0 t s d 0
"
1 0 r
•
1
.
1 nd 1
,
•
.uan1 ' is A 0 on n erto n
bru r 28 , 840
2
r nc s
.
• l. 1 T of n an
Gll (C
-
0 an. s of F fty rs e p
ubl sh n ssoc t 0 , 1892) , p .
3s
mpson , 0 , C t ., J s V rner to s pson , January
8 , J 341 .
5'72
fter mov ng to hiladelphia , the bishop was elected
presid nt of a temperance soci ty . He appeared on a ublic
program with T . D ·1tt Talmage , insist ng on that occas on
that th mov ment could not be if tak n out of th
4
nds of rel ious bod es . He once ntroduced r nc s
·ill rd to a 11 th n , and 'eulo z d the crusad and
a y ndors d h
~ C T • '
5
• • • •
ut h w snot r for
nor s h v n to dra t c retests a a·ns a h
oc 1 vil . ror
h t nd d. a be. t of r C C tiz s . lt OU n
as se d rely nd u d n l o he oasts s v t
·o
to
t p 1
S 0
d .
h s em d unem rr ss d, nd r sponde to h s
pr htl s ch r.rh c h co
1 t r h
ny p o d
es r
•T
•
So.
rt ur at the
o s br t
d h s f
e .. OU n
n il b sc 1 z d
,
t
on
th
d I
, 0 p co
h no
n e ,
th t oppo o er t c z 0
...
cs
an ora 0 s rd no
b ck on h
ton . c nd z d at
t r b sop for
hrs an ty,
4 h
d p
lad lp
1 d et r to
36
son , op , c t . , Sera boo , n
!arch 8 , 1874 .
ranc 0
r nflu nc
of
sp ner clip n ,
f/73
to Arthur or a r nornin t on b cause of his tt ntion to
their bisho , or t o ithdraw it from h m beceuse he press d
n37
th wi n cup t o h s brother ' s 1 ps .
hts . On the quest on of women ' s ri hts ,
mpson was m or actively nt r sted . As ores dent of Indiana
...
ury Un v rsit h had urged b tter due tion 1 opportuni-
t s f or youn om n , althou h he tho ht t un ise to put
th m 0 h upon th Sta e to ddress 1 n 11 ent
u nc
• • •
or tot C t ] to co s d r hey qav a
r t to t n co v ntion nd ss at 1 c;;. s
"' ...
rt of
ld
I
8
l f h 1 ov rnm n 0 10
• • •
s 0 ys
ddr ss d , t n r s
C,
d U 0 b le d rs of th
...,
suf r 0 ent s rs . 11 n
•
on • t e
h·1ar n h 0 . s . p 0 bee e activ n the ff
0 C re C t , sp ci n 0 ec on uch
b t e n s , osp ta s , school
•
oth b sho d h s e r ct V 1 nt r t d n
9
r o re c
.., . ·11ard . h s pson r
SU scr r o Luc on
b shop s 1 d upon b
7
bid., cl n s a p
8
t
. b d .,
oa 0 re or
9
11 d , t . , 0
•
C p •
40
, 187 .
1pson , o • ct., ~uc
0
al . In 187
th 0 n of h 1 d 1
in , n . d .
1 Int e p
• •
- -
175 .
tone o son A
574
to sp ak befor t nnsylvani 01 stitutional Convention
on 'so amendin the Const tution s to rant to woman th
right of Suffra
•
The hil d lphia ress report d th t t e "body of
Conv ntion all" was 'well filled with 1 des and ._entl m n,
and th all res had f we pty seats," for th bishop's
soe c • At the very b g nnin of th t n , ther vas
f nt C 0 of th dr tn ss d at t e ttsbur h
pres nta of h
l ar
0 ion .
42
T e C a n, 1 k
is
..
ttsbur a cla d a nt to Q C .. sor ,
,.. comm
1
th octr n of 0 an Suffr
'
old, ho e "b
•
,
pl d to pre d ov r the eet n , a d h e on sods -
n uis d a s op on
,4
• • •
b shop, in h op nin s tence , t cl r
'th t h fully co t d to t e doc r t s b st
f cul of m nd e ot
..
ts C 0
'
c- s a 0 n
•
C ptin th f ct t
'
urd roo n h
8 0 ome
'
u a e, oc h C as C
. od , 0 t h s ropo t 0 s , of r e
co
ob .
C
•
,. o n to con d I d t 10 :
It
rst . 0 s t e t s t ns· r t e nt of oc t
?
.
41
rb d . a to p , r a 5 , 7
•
2c
•
4
h la 1 h a ry 8, 187 Succ d n
•
r~f' renc tot add re to s ourc
•
1
575
In the f i rst , he demonstr ted th t ", n hi h plac d prost -
t respons ble pos tions , ' that ' societ y stands debauch d
ad corrupt on stalks abroad , " and n the second he nointed
to the well known virtu s of rornan an~. the n,1nd sputed
action of her ur fy n -...; 11 .
tt
· hes argum nts he reinforc d
th stro and or g n 1 llustr t
onsn
•
unfor tely, l , un
.., r
not reco ded n th press r por
•
e rently us d
d nunci tion , humo , probabl e , and he pp led to
t
n
o d o God ,
It
n to t e e m 1 s 0
•
0 d Uta ,
e
n-,
r n to
s Y,
th sun sti 1 r ses n sets
• • •
en ar t 11 en , d O:rl n e 'omen t , t s
not ble t
.
h t n C n th t r T rr
tor" ,
t n -four
ors ft r 0 h d h of ct·on, bl rs had
t en fl
'
•
lad 1 h om n r 1 s a a h d mad
44
s ch 1 fo just C 0 t , d
0
- ·
. · 1
.... n , 1 tt of rod, ot D
.
he
.
1 ha se 0
alu n lo u n st .. on 1
0 .1.'
'om e,
fro e n nt 0 re C co lf
t r r force, ab and r o s
son a th n e 0 spe k
44 . ·t
il
ru
~ pson , o . c . ,
r 5 , 187 • --
45
ohn K. ldm
, ' , o an , , •r, e
v o 1 • 4, ru r 15 , 18 7 ~ •
u f v d s , bu too no
of
t h
n 0
C 1 nc
nn rs
pson ,
n s 1
con
on .
t
5
•
r
576
mee t ng of the i oman ' s Centenni al
4.6
ssociation of America .
He as asked to rite en ntroduct on to volume entitl d
'! ome.n Uan ' s •qual ,
47
and -ucy tone requested that h pe it
th associat on ton m him president . The reason , she said ,
as t hat t h y m ~ t br n g to th ir h lp "the rel ious
lement hich mus t com b for e c n v r final y triumph .
048
res pond d to th s c 11 He o snots
fo r aid , although h d 1 ere a "ch valrous an earn st
n f or o st e c on d f 1 es
r hts • . . " be h n onf e ... e
49
187 • In 1876 orn • . , ldman , em mber n th '_orce
nd oqu c " of th P ad e
on o s t e annu 1 ee n of er e n . o n
r . soc on .
un d s
0 1 ar S O t
pl eed ulp t and sec
h t f 11
n J •
t n
ut tor
e on one 0
d , o ·e r ,
n t rnl
1 o her •
0 1
paper
t
p nses , ' sh sa , d h r po t
bl e or
ould a 1 h
th osto
If
rodue
s b n r too ,
7 .
teheoe . ,
r 1 8 ,
•
48
to UC
49Ib
. , 1 z
50Ib
d •'
ohn K.
tot
nd so
s . • .J .
d
ron on ,1
n
oon b
. lden, ubl . sh
to p O ,
to
n
ldm n to
son , eto~ er 1 , 187 •
0 son , r 1 28 , 1877 .
t b r 7, 1876 .
called for b
1 ceums and become a in lecture •
• •
:fuen th- bishop died a f ye rs 1 ter , the om n ' s
Journal ed tbr 1 zed : 'In shop Simpson , om n suffr ·e
52
577
loses
fi m and consistent fr nd . tt rut ,
1
th h s pr mary
cone rn o the C urch , he
not .
d nev r b come
ectu s . T b shop ' s den int
latter rs e r 1 ct , lso , n
1 C ur top cs ch h 0 d to the t
ear ru h en e s on f ned
•
.c.
•
0
f1 t 0
c~ urc
s d l
r 1 t r ct u 0 t
B pro
1
e C co ol
h oc on t co r
t 0 1
·terr ssoc r po
a pl c on C .. e as or OU 1
•
T e
1-
lee , 0 0
0 st n co 0 r
0 S 0 r s . e n I
to d lop h e o ·
ro nc n
foe d a tent·o U 0 th 0 C
51
d ., ucy Ston to pson 0
re o r of
ests n hes
el c 0 0
C •
As
- e
1 ely to
d to
I e r na
•
0 1
of 1 t 0
n
tr , C 0
1
co d
C n 0 ut
tt "C of
':lr 20 , 1876 .
2 a·
..;J 1 or al 1,
TO
•
un 21 , 188
•
:npson , 0
•
C t .,
,m
•
artin 0 on,
July 28 , 1868 .
-
54Ib
. ,
,alter
•
11 to S ... pson , 1 , 1874 •
5178
civili~ation , and the ereat part which the United States had
or would play in them. The last decade, he t hough~ was nthe
grandest in the pages of history ••• '
55
It was to be
prai s d particularly for 'the diffusion of intell i gence ,
the s curit of human freedom and mat rial progr ss .
11
H
ct d geograph cal discover s nd th mor s n f c nt
enterpr ses of mank nd , such s the uez Can 1 nd the
ac · fie ra lroad , nd th oc n t 1 c raph
orld a en boun to t r, ••• 1
ch " T e
n lu nc
• •
• e C
ed b a
art
r t m nd than ev r o t o "ht
nc cl s th
of th ,
can cal
ucat on ,
t
d
n a d
•
n rove nt n
lopm nt .
n 1 na d s
bl · c school
PY to
p 0 n a oc t o cop lso
et lked o th ncr s
1 as d
no d
ci r
due
s ult o
t , n r ard o
d 1 o r
prop t o 11
t b
co -
• • •
n
s ok
0 o olog, h "s r ck nto SC C a
0 0 n prop t of
0 dv nc of n
ton roes , and t h n d
a ed 11 athy
r c 11 --tho e hod
t
-- h
e . 1
•st on
to
•
d 1
on o s
ff r e , 1 ,..,o,
n d 01 n
om n , nd
0
t h
e
1 0
ucc
o 1 enc·
ork Sun an
refer nc s
anu ry 2 , 87 • re ort
mas , o .b r 2 , 1872
__ l_y J ourn 1 •
579
anx ous to appear lik and be like en . " He pra sed the
tendenc towards" n ficat on of n tons and governments , "
nd predicted, ash had don in the earli r 1 ctur, th t
"~n 1 sh s to becom t1 court 1 neuage of th orld . ' H
was pl as d also ith "another onderful ch n e-- the ncreas
dom n
, nd, th do -fall of of "r 1 g ous fr
I ) ,
11
the d c of th t mpor 1 po r of h 0
xtens ve r o ts of s C r n , but
1 s n d th t t c narr t vs
•
apo
'
0
doubt
d
on
or to c 1 c
ddress s .
s c ch c r z doth r o s opular
h s d r ,
h
00 1
C
oss , r
r c nt
5 s
57
58
•
1 C 0
t e occ
5
l
d
cond po
co
ol o
or
0
C
,
' d , Go--s
m 0 ,
or un,
oston D
0
0
ul
d
•
ov
C
s
1
0
en
0 S
e,' n
our
rnb r 2 ,
0
1 s nt-
e o t d
157
r C
n
0 1
C
ros
1,
1872 .
r ary 8 ,
n
0 cro
too
1 ct
0
C
0
•
o- d Ct
4 ,
870
11
, 187
580
The bishop , aft r tracin • fully the developm nt of lv1ohammed nism, found caus to prais som of ts achiev ments,
part cularly in th nstruct on oft young , int ach ng
0
th un t y of God , u nd n d stroyin many dols of a anism .
It fell fr short of Chr st an ty , ho, v r , h c had not
th s sual v n of .. oh nnned ' s ch r cter , and ·,h ch
11
n-
sp rd
br fl
t
0
d
0
0
•
V
n,' rather than rov hem . t n dev lop d
S S 0
y th n
$
t
r to hope es
1 V to
•
'
C
r t o
o d d o 1 c
59
•
60
o ton
_ s lect re on the count , d mons rat-
0 r s t • ro n nt on
d o n d con-
0 ce rel 0
st n t , o v
h r
" 1 .
, d e
n 1 C
on h
a
0 t
o d
C 0
t
orn
d
d
s ot
non
•
, d
d
lee ur
on
cent o
rs ton
s 0 t
9
•
•
a
OU cold
o trwn u
r r 18 , 870 .
[ ?O •
t .
581
a~ thodist leader who was later elected bishop , was very
much pleased . " You ar so broad, Bishop , n your vi ws,'
h rote, "so cathol c, so full o human ty that e cannot
ford to los you .
to s e b yond our on
·,b.y are not mor ✓ o
62
alls .
our ministers abl
T
cont as t
b sop 1 ctur d lso on"
t e
u
m dl class" states
sma c
n O.J.
nd _.., pol
G r ny (o
on n
,
r om it M rht
sa d " n ,
•
s ar ro alt~
d
0
0
fortun .
to
0
or
•
0 p
I
0
C 1
6
22 ,
2
p s ec i co s a
C 11 )
t 1 of oy 1 u
r t n c r rs th b 0
oq o th 0
• • •
1 rs , p n 1 t
ctur re , 0
77
0
r -- 0 C 1
"
t n lect r
o r of ano r c urc n d
C , 0
0 0
•
--
t ot
•
U f 0 8 , 18
0 un, a 22 , 877 .
o . ct., Cale
•
V 1 to
t
of
bo s
s _op ' i
of
0
,
•
m o ,
,
582
avall ble comment on the lecture c reer s from the b snop
himself n , an old man of almost seventy, h spoke at
the c at C autauqua , ew ork nd after r ~rot n
h s d ry .
u
ectured at 11 on ' Inf u nee of bl on
1 n u
.
--not n sy tim
0
66
,
•
lto t r , th lectur s occ d but a . 11 art
.
t e u 1 f of th b shop . 10s t of is ne
to th
•
l f t e C U C
--
r sid 0 nee ,
SU
•
t
.
s
•
ri 0 , t to 0 , co , nd
t 0 co t n t t t s, 11 t
C u n 1 a d t t m u
·1s nc 0 0 C
•
t r
n 81 0 C p C 0 C ot
0 , 0 s 0 C t e
on 0 1
, C .0 0 88 ,
rl n 0 ol
.
d .
t
•
0
, nd on , or
0 C p 1 .
I
0 t n r or or r ond
no d
•
nc s e 0 0 , 1 C of
•
0 1 u us 9 .
67
re 12, 1 8 •
0 , 0 , 1 1, ch 2 ,
583
V or o the old d ys . The SC on as "well r ceiv
d u
, an
nd a co res
1
on re ort d
...
in 1870 .
n
.. ny'
ho 1 V r ,
ho hav hun upon s ministrat ons n other days tho ht
t y could s som trac · n of advPncin a e
,69
'Th
• • •
B shop oe not appe r to
•
e a d uch s nee he 1 st p-
rd befo uf lo cU . nc
tt
d ess oft t ,
0 s _871 , but b 00
arr nd o r ,or {ed . '
70
C r 0 ppa 1 had e n se
.
f
Q'l"\
of h in . ,
0 n 0, r u n o e n 0 C
-
,
r t of o e d
, unt 1 so 0 our fo ,
n ss ad
'
e
r ' to t
0 r b
cs o ,
•
t 0
'
d a
0 U 0 0 0 C 1 , on 0 co r
cc r
•
0 o· , 0 ,
ot
72
, 0 n . 0
n t t ,
, n 0 too n d a p o t ,
ot 0 0 C
" •
9
t , 7 , 1870 .
9
70
8 , .871 0 ,
71
r to on , 0 . ,
•
r on, n
18 , 1880 .
72
ford yd of ( ork • r , e
1888 ),
-
•
' .
o . ,
•
709.
7
~
0 1 rok
n n
T Jam B cl 1 y ,
•
,
C
5
,
•
uckl d sput thi
ore un fo in lat r ars .
584
The old "po
rtt was
still pparent
•
m ny of his in
efforts, h owev r . To some it se med that them rks of a
but en anced s f f ct veness . "The ~ h te-ha red m n , th
the lines of 1 bor d t J.OU ht n every f ature , r s ng t o
mee t th ne ds e pectations of that rat co cours , and
th n b co n u ck ned nd a ost r nsf ur d ith h s own
0
lor ous t 1ou ..... ht, m d p cture not soon to b orcott n .
,74
rom a e ngl nd confer nee it s reoort d n 1879 that
is cl , so m red f a re of h s ess ve C ,
fl sh r: i s ·ant d or and f
I 75
r rs
• • •
h s t r ac in
"
ith r t fore and b aut of
um and llustr on .
t 76
b shop him lf cord d ,
to th r d s an occ s on 1 'atten V u enc , and
'
or "l o --d f
77
0 1 , r co. g r
•
F hs . t t 'fa lur
I
ch
t C
Q
•
pson .. p nc ul e ... 0
-
bu co pl t of s C c: .. r C z d
by 0 h , b u 1 C V C t
•
oc- J.
C
•
1 a op r r ch , 0
p 0 r r to VO u a "0 nt .
7
ob r 1877 . , C ,
7
nd
I
1 0 r ce , ,
r,.l
2 ,
76
, .ay 27 , 1882 .
77
3 son , 0
•
ourn 1, . ust 27 , rch 18, 188
•
It was tru· ven in the decl n n y ars . A f w si nal
tr umphs , most of them from th pulpit , but on from the
pl tform, 1 Lht d up th 1st rs of his 1
•
ark 1 . One of th se occas ons ras a
585
d bt ra s n~ c pain t _ob rts ark church , Ind anapol s .
T bis op, s Joun Dr . Sir1pson , p sident o nd na
sbury Tni rs ty , a lad t corner ston nd after ard
d d cat d th old ober s c pel . ft riards s b shop ,
h d d d c t n I/ ' a dso
ch s s 11 ncu
ad co
1 r n
ous d f C ,'
dn ss . n
th red .(or t V Cs , SO tat
t
1 ac
d , no t
1 ce ch
78
ce • u
so ' lo
an t o le, nor
t on ni
II
oc r n o
1 C call ,
0 on .
0 t or ,
a mps o 0 t t 0
or i nd a ol s,
78
d •,
er pbook ,
da 1 press , [1880
s r y-
1844 . e
(
h 1 s
t s no
sle and 11
so much t e
soc
11
to C
on h t
r
t
so d
11 SC
loqu c '
r h s v
loc pr s
not d f n
C h h d s
ot n 0 th C
o , on
h
s ts o God .
079
r d co rs n t 1 n h rom
•
r an
C
0 p
] .
d . manuscr t of' s rn on pr,.J C t , USC t n
Io , 185
•
se
d -
le,
n
n
0
,
586
the text "For now we see through glass darkly , but then
face to fac ; now we know in part , then shall we know even
as e are known,"
80
he appropri ted , as an illustration ,
the evolutionary hypothesis .
H
t
Th s doctrine is to me one of areat comfort . I find
it to be permeating society at the present time- - this
idea of evolution . It has grasped hold or the th nk ng
nds of the day . It may come to us sometimes in forms
a little stran e and strained , but yet it comes out of
this ord of God . Th anc ents had not this d a of
a radual mprove nt ••••
''rh.en sci nt sts tal of olu ion the r s . ly
dev lapin tis thought of the text . Chr st an ty s
6ett na into scent f c thou ht . The conv ct·on ht
th s to b a still mar glorious st t of bing
s groin . Chr st an thou ht is p rmea in th iorld .
I read oft e d nee ent of man ro th an al to the
nt 11 ct 1, rom t ch ld s a vela ed nt llect and
spiritual ty; an~ th n I se ho in ad's ro, enc
my dev lop st mor n more , et rn 1 uni-
v rs 1 x c t .nc e •
a.s no a 1 t r 1 st of t sort h ch 1 ter conv ls d
churc t .. , o ernist- d al st st 1 • T
t
un, h
C
,
n • •
oe n s 1. in
ton of man . do not
t 1 ast , 000 y rs,
0 'I O . UC
or .
e
eolo 1°ts
11 st d astronom rs
b for. I 11 n to adJ t a 1 o
tr rit of h n ty lcori
s d n noth r ddr ss t us c
·riad o
• •
all s
~ Os on . I
for human ty th t nq r s 0
1
d o b pres d ,
80
Cor nth ans , 13: 2 .
s
t • • • t
ton,'
81
impson, o . Scrapbook , n wsp per clip n,
Indianapol s d ily pr
r
result would lw~ys be th t evelat on d ature would b
82
fond to be n armony in the end . " lthough strongly
van elical- - he 1 ved in an a e h ch was l ar ly s o--he
was yet a student of sc ence and had soue;ht from his JOuth
to f nd natural stic e pl n tons for th ph nom n of
soc ety nd n tur • ttle vond r , t n , t a , as a
58'7
r P
es nt t e of on of th most lical o · e d nom-
int ons, V s y t pr ised b h s o n nd ot r churches
for h cat ol c nd "l ber l"
8
I el b es . m
h t popul
. t
, t d nf_u
nc , nd th
c lt ol cit of of th b hop had UC o do the
lib r 1 nd ' ch de lop d nth tl od st Ch ch .
n 187 Bis op m son
tr 1 d to t
p C
C o st nd a o ot r n m n ,
re c d p 0 n C ... co . en y a
ch r d pr C by to s , n th a C
•
'
0 cul r r
•
n C
~o
ars p
d ch C s d o h C
r C
•
f ror h on on
0
o le 0
dres •
8
1875 or
to · xico
a co r son
h t r . echer
e cl p n
cl p n rom
ccount ritt
n 1874] .
d
t n ty of
8
0 0 S
• • •
r
_ ., ort n o on
1
tr p
thr thous nd t ck ts had be n ssued , anc t ice th t many
85
people ,ent to Opera _ ouse e p ctin to an dm ttanc •
lto
th r some four thousan
cro ded
86
n .
Speak n
for
588
one hour nd t nm nutes , eech
attent on from the vast audience ,
87
...
11
re r d by t e c 1 o s st
ch fr qu n ly man f std
ts pprov 1 . • •
T o
eks late "as v st an ss bl
e rd Bis op
l11.pSO
• • •
t OU
co e.r on . '
r port r
n the s
11,
·or s
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e pl c • '
to
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7
e, loc . c •
----- --
88
•
C
__ . ,
cl, 1
r
0
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ho
• • •
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2 , 187 •
Y1
....
'
8
, 8
•
589
ra s de p ctations hich h s p rsonal ~ppe r nee tend d to
d sappo nt . " T re was noth n
n he bishop o the "rubi-
c nd and rotund usually found in the incu bent s of such
st t ons n th C urch .'
1
spare , t 11 , stoo ... - s.1.ould
t n f C
• • •
d s
••
'
na 1 t n ,
t C c c u -r e o
one
· found
1 ,
a
n
im r ther n , ,
lea ,
rd- ook n m n, , th
TQ C
n d ,
r • '
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ch c r · es
e for , o ...
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' t
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o t e s
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•
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n s, nor b ore
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r
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'
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cc ul
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00
n o t
b
on o t .
t
590
the pera lOUS , th Brooklyn pr ach r chose to
pound a
1 b r 1 th~olo y .
t is a C 1r stian?" h asked .
nd in
s er to
s ovm que tion, he r p led, n ••• eve ytt n
t t s ood, th t s Clrist · nity: h tev r s r ht-minded
nt , th · hum n n' tu c r d to t h h st
and it 11
oss 1 de r
u91
of evelop .ent ••• t
u Cr st -
t •
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.
ound to
" 0
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92
d ot
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92
alat s 5 : 2 .
nt 1 o
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1
c .
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,
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ur
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591
and he ga ned his cl max s throubh th p thos of illus
tration . Si pson as t orator cal" n the scope and br adth
of
or, h
a
0
s them and n _ s surd , rhetorical cl m x s .
tr nt oductory " p ctur" of Chr st as a con u r-
ddr ss d
9
J re. '
roo 1 k
, bu Jr
0
s 1 to t qu stion," s Chr sti n ty
t er d
--not
ck
S V nc and ss bled
1st run tre p ty
upo t t 1 s
9
1 u
•
o S pson C
nt p
1 ace
fo
1 0 0 1
to u
C
0
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d
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t , ht o 0 t eco s to
,
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111 a or ood Br ance, ' erem • '
or ood Br ance, ed o, A Hlstor and
0
can Public Addres , 2 Vol • ork: ·-c-:------:,il"r-z-1
-----
any, ) , 0-67.
,
, .
and t h s w sh s undam ntal premise , that th re was •no
inst .nc o any nation becom n 1 t d from the lo et
condition by yo hr syst than Chr sti n ty , ' and s
592
proof off rd tle mples o ,urop an nd siatic natlo s ,
95
.e pant d av vid sk tch o 't pow r of o pa
~ttolo y n o t , n cent t s of is od •••
n ] of · t co lete b o 1 . • con-
trast d t e C in
d Vol y
·t t
cl h
d r
d
•
•
-
1 ,
0 S 0
of t
.
...
n .
•
. .
•
•
••
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:
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to
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;
:
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-
; ;
-
:
•
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!
:
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r ns on o
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•
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h
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n C
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• ••
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on nd t
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c -- he d
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t OU
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s
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s
t •
f
593
dan er of viol nc from him . "renounced applause" r t d
h s d cl rat on that tr am here this morn n) to say that I
am not fra d of workin en . " Chr stianity, he said , con
trary to th op nion of so~e [h a ave b en th nk ng of
r ], ~as the _oor man ' s b n f ctor,
on to c v 1 ze th s rth h s be n
' h t rel on has
y b n the poor
m n' s fr end . ' d ten n conclus on he tr c d "t
elev t ng nef ts of Ch st n
o es n our of ff c
o a n t c ct r • • • i
one ace st
, nits com o tin
d d , nd n ts
nc nd ch 1 hood .
1 pr, s -- t h
o s p of C in y
nc C US nd ffec
z
t
on s
on a
r d s n o C 0 1
m o s C s n
p 0 0
0 o h 0 0
C fo
OC t C
r o 1
sk 11 o
t
pr
of m
h
rst n o t e
the s r or i t 11
s
s t pc 1 c rcu t-r d r .
9
96 f .
p . 5
•
0 f
bro
u 1 t
t 1 t
y od rn
r oo , 0
C n s
of r
0 n
11 d to
r o tr cold
ad et
on,
594
Other S rmons. Th sam s~rmon, in reduced for ,
became the conclud n lecture, then xt sprine , n Si pson's
Lectur son re ching del vered at Yal niv rsity under th
yn1an B cher
97
ound tion . The bishop p r aced t also
n 1880 in on o t h 1st of h s re t pulpit fforts .
r w r on t h t occa ion son h t ousan p opl
cro d d n ot US C 11 at C nc nnat, a 1 r r con r -
a o tan h d probably var [b fo
n nt bu 1 n n tis coun r .
ort ~n ull i to C nc nn ti
9
C to
S C
,
or
ho,
y o al
t
0
co
C S 0
t C
a C SCO .
o e
0
0
t O S
, t
11 ss o
h " c
ad
C
t
C
11
9) , P •297- 6 .
98
C i n
. y 10 ,
1
12 , 1880.
0 , 0
ass m 1 d th n a
8
es mo s
p nd D 0 t
e rl r s ty a s
nd t ,
.
n C 0
p
e
o h o
d .
o or
s · t n o t st
1 p
Co st .
101
That n ht tbe b i s op as ill , but thou ht he
w oul d be bl to pr c th next morn n . Po\ ell Str t
Church c · 11ed t o ov rcro din , and i n th con r at on
595
s t - ~ sident c...nd .. rs . ... _ayes . T e ' ven .J.. bl i s op ," sai d
th forn i a , red h s ture , anno ncjd h ist t ,
nd h d pr c d s ome nuts ' t h f r v nt l oquenc , n
dd ly be c ame pall d , t n t
r :,
, clutch · t e
t . tt
ul it , rnd ut ~ :s
ure t t Is 11 b 1 0 r C
0 , 1
co ton , nd 1 d t t h ad b
e at o n d a phys can , urryi t before .
to is s de , or rd
s u n t
to
e ov d to
con e ton
t p r t .
d . r s -
d
1
r
qu .... r
ad la
•
C 0 ·v
t .
,
la r of t ...
·sod v · or
land fort C
n
0
ric n r 1c es con
01
02
our 1 ,
t
C
d .
pt
b con n ,
8 V C 11 , b
r . 102
a t b op
0 t e t
c dul
0 f
t r
.JO on, . t OU 1 i
1 , 1880 .
eptem er 1 , 880 .
0
at
to
t
r
uthorit , t discuss " 11 t odism , its h story and results ,
I
ts evanrelical a enc s, ts per ls , and ts relat on to
the 0
,,103
• Th bishop ' s sermo f rst re ter ted t e
bas c pr mise wr•ich ad b com so l'.lluch a art of h s think
in --th t Christian ty cs r spons bl for tLe adv-nc of
zat·on- - rid t ben eulo zed esl y nd I ethod s s
chef nstrum nts for t p rs 0 of tl e Chri t an
104
OS el .
r.;
r . ent n t e
·1
ustr ti m
-'- . 1
.., e rJ. s er
m uc l s e tl OS t ad us d t r
.
im s , b t t con nee , it f t
occas
on-- he r nu bers , th
.
V'rl.OU ro s n e
.
t at r d d po C 0 r n
--
s p e s
to s or r r
•
ts . So t 1 it a a d not
SU 0
7
an 0 t f cane 0 t
--
,
occa
•
l.O , 0
•
r t t
_s
on car r C 0 0
d 11 fro t .
5
r C ss er cons nc
id not
'
C 0 f or of e of h s
Conf r C ,
o-m n , C
• •
lt OU t r r tou~ 0 0 ch ch r
t
10
e
• • •
. 0
cl 1 op . c_ t .,
II , 2 2 , 2 5 . ,
104
Croo
d .
0
•
s , or
tthe pson or •
~
r p 11
• •
596
,
,
Buckl y,
n
d 1 r • shop pson
•
, 91 · 791 , 1 1 .
106n
rs fro r . uckl Th dvocat ,
and temb r 29 , 1 81 .
o.
t
597
G rf'ield
bishop mad on
ddress . The re.tsp ec wh ch t e
s tr p to
1
n and, nd th last major
triumph of is sp ki1s career, cam som thr e r eks aft r
the open n of th ~cumenical Confer nc at a emorial
s rv c for Jams • Garf ld , 1 t
rs d nt o th U n ted
t ts . Garf ld , struck by an assass n's bullet nearly
s r h d 1 d unti la e ntemb and th n , h n all
th orld h d op for s cov ry, id sudd nly . t the
at
C 11 0 mes Russ 1 n r c to
so et r
t ous n po le, mos of r~om
1lcans , d t r ~ondon, fo~ a e or 1
C •
her r se r 1 s , nc d n
o 1 •
T C n n of 1 tt r ho a b n sc ool on
1 C U for , · s r of
, OU it h s c
nner o 0
fro SC
nd 0
r n d
t for ppl u
of ... por nc to
n r 0
If
,
•
d
0 0
'H
d t
ondo ppr , rems
C
a
0 C n 'n
C
d k on
• • •
t
C r
e
I 0
s
s
v , e a
r .
cop
,
'
,
T
, an no p
d o t
as 1
n
n
for
orator c 1 d spla
u
. . . ,
thouLht that n fr . Io
598
11 expr ss d
n d ~n f dandy t feel n an ua , sch as f w oth r
spa rs could hav r v lled , just hat such n
i
,108
ould sh to be sad on such an occ son .
udi nc
he same
paper had , also , pra se for E shop S pson ' s "elo uent
o ds . " he report c bl ed to spo e of" e
polis 1ed eloquence of r . o ell
[ Th . C
] mov t e s e
to f requent a subdued demonstr t ons 0 feel n
I
but ,
that
I
t as left t is 0 s pson to C 11 0 s ro
e ot ons .
,109
Tl contr st be e th e ers s u
re ter to the et od s s n a nee , on of
ch r cterized Lo ell ' s rem rks a d SC 0 r p
loodless, cold el nc , ... ere s t e bis 0
' Tn e
bl a e
s id
d
110
t r 1 n s ces
•
To t e re der 0
t e 0 e ces ,
ee s , t e re
s d u 0 1
st t·
1
"
0 ie 0 e eop
0 rs t nt 0 or 0 I •
08
ondon
r fere ce o bot
109Ph
110
un 2
•
i
a
er o
n u
io
.
t
11 e r s on e
• • •
ar re o e scene o
dre OJ. ell 0
o . UC ore
0 lo n s
co ten
•
rt
.,Q
C
C 0 C of
.
epte
ar to
er 2 , 188 .
s o re •
ct r
r
uccee
1
,
C
n
599
the occasional homely phrase it shows t e faulty expression
of the faith and f ortitude of the people . In contr st , tbe
address of Bishop Simpson , 1 ke tat wh ch he del vered over
incoln's rave n Springfield , lacks the universal elements
demanded on such a occasion . The spe ker dwelt too
labor ously ,, th the l ate res dent ' s fa thfulness n
attend n church nd he as too uch concerned i ·ust f -
n ro dence for cutt of e 11 e of the states an .
. n of h s deas ere ..,
11 r to t o e 0 r . .uO ... 11, nd
he an led rQ.t er be th e e C n n ster
trib e to t e er c n de ocr C y e C h d or
ourth t e los s res en
n
t s tr
• • • •
rcum t nces,
t
l e sa e· n ver be n 1 ,
VO C ra ed n t t
·on he Con tu 0
0 t e n te t e er
'
e he pare 0 0 r . 0 11
d , s on 0 in ce , 1 1
or or to ca ef ect , t e e r ro e
-
ence . 0 .er che rd se es r n
r one OU y bu b p s po e d ce
es 0 ed rs th
11
lo
-
ta ned
4r
0 p u
t
an en rose en .... se,
'
ved re e n
ost co vul ve g e t e C e r fo C 0
en th n lly Sc:1 t do 'hundreds 0 stron en n 0 n
rs n o tears . It s on oft 10St pre SC nes
600
ever witnessed .
nlll
• •
The occas on for the iild e c te ent s a tribute
to ueen V ctor a ho throu ·hout the llness , ad f nal y
a t e death o ... G rf · e d , ad e -,onst r ted unusu 1 s p thy
h h s fe nd do
•
ot of the sp
.
ers had s n led
OU th c dent or pr b t th ver ff re t ef ect
on th 1d ence . oubtles t e d f eren e m y e e ne
n p rt b
- e
co r t n d i e
y-- o ell ' s r ed
re d n 0 . n SC p pso
'
r e a 0 ed , ,
•
e s ea a nc , oo , n t e
e o e t 0 o el , e 1 0 boo
h s 0 e es ,
u d n
0 0 , C ,
n 0 0 C
on .
111
1 el
601
11 2
by ·ivinR· three prolon
6
ed cheers . )
Once more in the add ess , in his conclud:i se11tence ,
he b shop roueht h s audience to hi o'h st te of feeling .
The pass=~,e s one of rare be uty, not so much for lan u
f'J' 0 '
for n t ere i a lac~ of ool sh , but for senti en d
sycholoc cal nsi t • . sel d d oseph
, i1 ste to n land in 1902 , choose to
o te , A er c n
d t n h
0 cited t t .. e e 1 n 0 a em.or 1 w ndo
ondo esl
l
s d t n C pel . s 0
•
•
o- d 0 e elso
e d to th e
. rere
0 t also ,
t e t t d
ol d e r n
cl era o
.
e
•
e 0 1 n , the 0
co n u 0 e C C 0
n 1 co e
,..e
, s t C 0 e C
0
•
C ,
to a for 0 e 0
0 enc
I
.. e co
0 0 r r to n n-
cence e C 1 0 f
.
0 t
a a on u h , e s C
1
2r-:
on on e te er 26 1881 .
'
pson , ook , C p ro 0 .o
na er , n • enc e r 2J , 1902]
...
114,l1
....
loc .
.
e on on
-
es , C
•
has not lost its sharpness yet •
• •
602
t 11 wh le we live ,
let us 1 ve . v e need no t be sad or indolent , even if death
115
peeps at us t hrou h t h e indow or doorway . '
Good as h ·ord , the old churchm n cont nued to
11
p r e c t e rord , " end he r ecorded now and t hen
11
l a r g e
con e to , ' ' ve r y l ar econ re
uubl C serv ce ra
...
C
1 ed o
ton , e
e
el the
the
11116
t io .
o"" t e
of 884 .
nd ,
eopl ' s
he b s op ,
cu ch
_ee pe --~cu c fo~ e peop 0- - C d
1
se .on 1
of
0
n
C
1
e
9 ,
•
-
0
of t
lel .
th
tf
o e •
e
Lo
,
Go
e r to o to ,
n - ta t
e 0
,
... o een el c e
82
, 0 rn l ,
117c
roo s ,.
T ..
C
t ., .
•
46 ... .
e
0
co
,
n
d
n
e
u ust
of
of
21 ,
u
0 e ce ,
0 e
0
t re
11
n t
ol o
s r
e d o"' t e
e C ed ,
to .
e ,
' t '
7
•
r
e
ce o 188_
co f ·ne 0
a d
, h p eced d
0
• •
, re
•
re 11 1881 .
son ,
death; he v.r s the senior bishop of the Churcl .
603
11 ethodism,
t erefore , watched Vi th b ted bre th as the conference ap
pro ched-- fearful th the would be un ble to attend ts
sess ons, or that in attend n, h s ron ill would demand
more th • s feeble body could bear .
118
0
On the morni
dele ts
th t the confe ence o ened , the buzz n
rl tly top ed , burst of appl use
n t rou t ... e all
e r h
s e sops al
1
ed onto the plat-
fo
t
o e t
so .
bo e ,
of he
11
C
o tl
fron oft
'
t
t 11 s , e fi e' of
r n s n t tl
e p ss n as f c stened
C 0
ne o ' cloc
,
r
e o
ed
from
ot
s U C
2
, d,
11
l e o ere c I 11 e 0
0 0
0
C
0
p
•
e
bo
0 0 t
t
t 0
0 0 t
n
r r e
0 • e
n e o e
•
1 1 a
1
12
OC • C
•
n t
bl
d
de
C
e
0 S
C 0
e
b on
t n t co
' o t e o o
p C n
t b en
me er oft
604
bod durin the r sess on in this p ace ,
11
and pai d respect
to the only three men w o, ith h mself , h d attended ether
the conference of 1844 or of 1848 . Then n the sp rt of
opt m sm h ch bad char cterized his entire m nistry , he
declared :
T
... een the co
tie , nd
post on of th body c ~e from
nt to s y this- - that my conv ct on
h s asse bled a ore d ti ~u shed ,
ore cu urod body of dele ates n
s
sh
men ,
bl
and
0 t
there
ble ,
hoa i t
e ·e is
e •
ruly c
t co e
u de t
and .
ten e p s ed
con
tot
nc , e o
to do ore
rono c
OS 0
0
cop 1 !' rcb r. n o T • t · s true
r r pro o youthf 1 ember~
r G o e e ce · t
to me , s eel th t
round nd ers , to see yon
d oted to c use of st ,
d k ere of the C c
ssfulJ on ard . ~oa be r cos
em re ter th he f t .ers . 2
le s
t he to
0 OU
n
or
ere r
s tre lo
eliber ons o the
ro h s t m
• •
h ve ever
on '
, nd
db h D lo,
o e, b le
2
C te
t OU h
y ate
e even 1
t t e are de t e
he cone nee
o n r . '
11 ed an s
or s er
e 0 p o e .
.. ed n re re fo 0 e to n r y
121
00 0
C .:_ t ,
•
,
•
5-
•
22
•
•
12"' t
. dol h u . Fo
er 1
ter
Si
tea
op
rr. 1884 .
sanitarium and resort , but on day or to before the
scheduled departure "his stren th utterly ave ay , " and
h s phys cans said that 'threw snore sonable ground
605
to hope for an
,124
improvement • • • For a eek, suffer n
reatly, he stru jled with death . Only no and ten could
e converse T th_ s anx ous f y , an then onl to echo ,
in esponse to the r quest ons or read n, so b t of
scr· pture or 1 ne of
•
1 n ered unt 1 une 18 .
b d he ed ... _ree mo e day h 1ould be n seven
r-
t ree e rs upon he e rt
125
ut , d
·, e tern
•
s
te, en t e ea le g o s e ry at 1 st
nd u t rest .
126
124
Crooks , ~ - c t ., p . ..
•
25
rb d ., p . 469 .
126
op n o , e
une 2
CHAPTER XVII
CONCLUSION
A study of the oratorical career of Bishop Matthew
Simpson arrants the following statement of conclusions:
l. He as regarded by hi contemporaries, both in the
Church and in public affairs, a one of the greatest platform
en of his day.
2. Th r ults of hi oratory, hoe er, ere limited
1 rgely to th immediate motional ffect upon his audience
and to an increase in hi own prestig.
3. i platform c re r s :ru ther limited by his
continuing in istanc that affair of the Church mu t preoed
vie to country or public. H d he yi lded to the d mand
de upon hi by the lectur platfo , he co
mand d or igni icant place in ~-ric n history.
4. The pre tige gained through the platfo and pulpit
Sip on ut111 ed both in Church and public aff irs. In
th l tter he used both hi offici 1 po ition and person
chi ent to fo th lf re of th ethodi t Chu ch.
H a ucc ful in securing ol1t1cal appoint nt for
t odi t offic seeker, an he as an active uppo er of
th Radical pro r for recon truction of the South• for hi
ffort he a giv n r co 1·t . on by the R publican p rty.
In th Church, hi 1 d r hip chived uch high r plan.
607
As head of the Indiana Asbury University, he was an educator
of merit, as editor of the Western Christian Advocate he
fought boldly and uncompromisingly for political principles,
and for the right of the Church to discuss political issues.
A bishop he was a breaker of tradition, a leader who en
larged the .function of his office to fit the needs of the
hour. Primarily. an educator in the pulpit, he directed
his denomination in its movem nt away from the frontier--
he repudiat d the doctrin s of ysticis and spiritualism,
he denounc d ignoranc, promoted eduo tio~, supported the
cause o~ science, and went so far as to ace pt conditionally
the tenets of biblical critici and th evolutionary
hypothe i. He insisted that hi Church b come ore Catholic
in it ttitude to rd other deno ination and, d spit the
traditional neutrality of h1 office, h too
1
th t pin
behalt of jor eel 1 tical efo --th introduction
of 1 y delegate into the ner 1 Conf rence of hi Church.
5. The 1n lu nc hich ad th tu.re orator
to b fo
1
nd lar ly n hi e rl enviro~ --nt: r 1 giou
training at the h nds of ad vout mother and uncl, an tt ch
~~~t for th Church trengthen d by hi arly oci tion
in th t and by an exp rien of Con r ion, practic
in th of ic of th Church, including pr ching in the
pattern oft stern circuit-rider. On the other hand,
thro gh hi own nativ ability and th influence of hi
uncl, young Simpon att ind an unusu l cla 1cal and
608
scientific education which had a profound effect upon his
. preaching career. Included also in his st1dies, but without
much apparent influence, was a study of rhetoric. More
important in his education was his experience as college
teacher and president and editor of a church pap r. These
occupations forced upon him a more thoroughgoing study of
clas ics and cience and of public affairs.
6. The source of Simpson's power is not to b found
in his mastery of rhetorical devices, for of th se h a
ingularly lacking, but rather in the inten e conviction
of hi presentation, the unu ual content of his rmon,
the pictorial and affectiv nature of his developmental
teri ls, and hi ability to id ntify hi lf 1th h1
thodistic audi nc. pr do 1nately
7. In hi tat ent of rhetorical tbeor, Simpon
de on tr t d an xc llent r tionaliz tion of hi p aking
techniqu
•
Succ sful preaching, h beli d,
p 1 ed upon th di in n tu o th or : an Di in 1
c 11 d ust beli v his lf to b pre chin a 1 in
ag •
Aft r d votin uch attention to this b ic consid r tion,
h tr t d each of the tradi iona.1 el ent of in nt on,
arr ng ant, styl , ory, and d livery. The most port t
t ctor in invention he b liev to be th pr ach hi l:f--
p r u ion in the pulpit not 0 uch rgum nt te ti-
ony. He had no ugg tion to offer for e otional per-
suasion, other than the insists.nee that if the preacher
were a righteous man, his sermons ould be accompanied by
"power." The primary source of materials was th b1bl,
but the preacher hould also draw upon hi tory, science,
and life as he observed it about hi. Th sermon, if it
were to keep the attention of th audi nee, must be ell
illu trat d. The most important element of tyle h
believed to be clarity. for rangement, th pr acher
might follo th cla sical p t t e , particularl 1:f h
er given to rgument, but for m lf he pref rr d t
impl tecbniqu of g h --the 1 ying do of pr
illu tr ti it, and then ovi g to nother hich natur 11
609
,
follo ed. Such an out n , he beli V d, llo ed 0 gr t r
play of th agin t1on. Delver not technique
be red 1n chool 0 elocu ion, altho eac
t cor ct C rtain f ul s or di tr ctin babi
•
far a he 1 l:f a CO C d, h b lie d th t th
X por eou od 0 d 1 ry the ost ff C i
s
mt ri 1
out o
ri r h
for furt rob 1 no
r v 1 bl for ano er tud gro ing d
a the Simpon' ora oric 1 car er. Ho
ncowitered numb r of r 1 t d probl
rr t .further tudy.
r
So
•
nou
C l
h
hie
1. Th D v lopm nt o Political Pr chin. Tr -
0
ditionall larg p rt of th -~u-r1can pulpi ee to h
610
been concerned 1th "religion" and not politics. It might
be orth while to trace the rise of poiitical preaching and
t he reasons for it.
2. The Influence of Geographical Factor on Repre
sentativ Preacher. The riter, follo ing hi torians
cited, has tended to ascribe c rt in pr ctices of i thodi t
preacher to geographical factors. study of representa-
ti pr acher might st bli h the validity or inv 11d1ty
of thi assumption.
3. Th Influenc of conomic ctor on pr ent -
ti P ach r. tudy 1 t e d 1 ilar to that
est d bo , but 1 tt ntion giv n to th econo ic
c or.
1 ton o th ulpit to th Cour 0
on an ddr
of h
f
cu
Hi
d
t
t t
s.
0
or1c 1
dip r g
d f C 1
tri ph.
od
OU t.
Patt
•
Th
er
t 0
con
tud
h stud o Simpon ho ht in
h cont ntl r fl ct d th th n in
dy oft
t r
of toric
r t r di co
ong
the p
rontin h ,
mi d mon
on of p
h p 1
Ori C
r cur
0
in
of
of
Churc
patt of
odi t hi tor an -fir
r or e g r tion of th
and hn n rr tion of
tra tr dition 1 t chniqu
J
of treating certain topics--an awareness 0£ this bias ot
pattern should be of assistance to the rhetorical critic
in the evaluating of materials.
ach of the topics suggested above is closely
relat d to Simpson• c r er, but ach is larger and ind -
pendent. Like ise, each of the topics, sav the fir t,
might a logically be rel ted to political peakers s
top ch r.
611
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. MANUSCRIPTS AND INTERVIEWS
Bi hop Matthe Simpson Papers. Library of Congress.
Thirty-thr e volumes, unbound. Letters, diaries,
journals, scrapbooks, sermon outlines and manuscript.
Blair Family Collection. ibrary of Congress. M. Simpson
to ontgomery Blair, ay 16, 1867, June 5, 1867,
December 30, 1867, January (sic), 1868.
cConn 11, • B. r. cConnell, r sid nt of Cadiz, Ohio,
•
to r n pap r ditor and local hi tori , uppli d
th rit r th so unpubli h d d ta gard1n Si pson.
1 on P. Chae
• 1mpson
• S mpson
• Sip on
• Ch ndler
H. Dunn to
H. to
00 I h 111
C ic go:
Pap r. Libr ry of Con res. Vol. 22,
to s •• Chase, June 26, 1850; Vol. 7,
to s •• Chae, pril 23, 1863; Vol. 87,
to •• Ch , Jan ry O, 186 •
apers. ibr ry of Congr , Vol. 6,
•
• Chanler, Jun 20, 1868; Vol. 11,
1 11n (sic], Oc ob 2, 1868.
B. OT R OU ES.
incoln, p. l 9-175.
Y, n. •
- -
Croo
D
•
•
613
Fleming, alter L. Documentart Historf of Reconstruction:
Political, Militarz, Soc-al, Rel-fI'ous, EducationaI &
Yndustr!ai, 1865 to the Present T me. 2 vols.; Cleve!and,
Ohio: The A hur H-:- Clark Company, 1907.
Journal of t~e General Confe ence of the Methodist piscoyal
Church, l!eld in the CHi° of Ne -York:, a 4. Bound th
£he Journal for !8401. ewYork: G. Lane &. c. B. Tippett,
1844.
Journal of the General Conference of the thodist Epi copal
Church, Held in Chicago, Ill.-;--1868. York: Carlton
& Lanahan, 18~.
of~-~ Embury: The~-~ ethodi t nister in
---~-~----e ...,..._ ~--~• nridg, ork: Compi a and -
s e y arrington & Bro 11, 1888.
of the Ann o the ethod copal
---...~Urch, fo_r_t __ ------9:-vol. ~. Ne •
son and for th ethodist Epi copal
Church, 1840.
icolay, John G. nd , incoln:
Compl t ___ ,
ry Co., 18 4.
it
t.
Orati_o_n_b
---
•
- --
s _____ of~.!.:~~ Lincoln
n t
•
-----
C. METHODIST NEWSPAPERS
Christian Advocate and Journal, New York. 1826-1884.
The Methodist, New York, July 14, 186O-0ctober 7, 1882.
[Has many stenographic report of Simpson's sermons].
The North astern Christian Advocate, Chicago. 1852-1884.
The astern Christian Advocat, Cincinnati. 1834-1884.
(Incomplete files].
Zion•a Herald, Boston. 863-1884.
D. SPAPERS
614
Bo ton Journal_ , di tion, January 19, 1865; D c mber
l, 1865· ----..-- ~2, 1867; Febru ry 18, 1870.
Bo on Pot, D c b , 1865; ov be 22, 1867.
f o ~Co~~~:.!:.:!. ________ r, ay 8, 1871; S t b r 11,
1876.
Chic o al, p 11 27, 29, 1861.
----
y 21, 1868.
C C r l 29, 1861• 6, 1865.
D c b r 2, 1867 y 10, 1880.
C1ncinn t1 D c b r 24, 1867• y 10, 1880.
D oit and Tr bru r 6, 1863.
Indi In ian poli , u t 2, 18 3
Indi State Sentin 1, u t l, 1843.
Lon on Ti es, ptember 26, 1881.
e ar Da1lz.
dvert1 er, Apr l 24, 18,71.
New York Herald, June 8, 1864; January 26, 1866.
Ne York Evening Post, May 13, 1857.
New York Sun, November 2, 1872; May 22, 1877.
Ne York Times, November 4, 1864.
Ne York Tribune, November 7, 1864; May 5, 1865; June 1,
1890.
Philadelphia Daily Evening Bulletin, January 4, 1861.
Philadelphia Inquirer, June 8, 1864; September 26, 1881.
Philad lphia Ev ning Ite, June 19, 188.
615
Phil d lphi orth American, Jun 19, 1884; January 5, 1923.
Philadel hi Pre , J uaey 4, 1861; June 8, 1864; ay 5,
1865; Jun 8, 1865; bruary 8, 1873; ay 11, 1876;
January 31, 1883; ay 2, 1884; June 23, 188.
Philad lphia Public Ledg rand D ily Tran cript, June 19,
188.
P tt burgh G a ette, Janua 2, 1853; October 19, 186.
o land, eklz Oregonian, Au t 2,1862.
rovid no Daily Journal, J uary 25, 1873.
S C
s
nto Dail
---
~--'Lin o nion, uly 19, 1862.
Journ 1, J nua y 26, 185.
s n Franc co Chronicl , s pt mber 2, 1878.
s ci co, Dail Alta California, S t mb r 1, 1862;
s pt b r 862• S pt b r 13, 1880.
ci ber 2, 1878.
h ngton
Dailz
1 Inte r, Janu ry 26, 1865.
E. BIOGRAPHIES, REMINISCENCES OF SIMPSON
"Bishop Matthew Simpson., A Great Modern Preacher," Andover
Revie, 2:186-93, August, 1884.
"Bishop Simpson," The National Magazine, 7:289-92, October,
1855.
Crooks, George R., The Life of Bishop atthew Simpson of
The Methodist EpiscopalChurch. N York: Harper &
Brothers, 1890.
King, Joseph E., "Personal Rem niscences of Bishops Baker,
Scott, Ames, and Simpson, Elected in 1852." The
Christian Advocate, 81:1249-51, August 16, 1906.
Knox, J.P., Bishop Simpson's Great L cture, PiHBburgh
Chri tian Advocate, 78:23, June 29, 1911.
Laning, Rev. Isaac J., A Tribute to the emory of Rev.
atthe Simpson, D .D., LL.D.,Senior Bishopof the
ethodist Episcopal-Church; Delivered in Summerrield
thod!st EE1scoral Church, Brooklyn, ""'e York, June
~, 1884. rook yn: re ett Co., P inters, 1884.
tcalf, J e • "The Napoleon of ethodism,' The ational
ag zine, 36:458-61, July, 1912.
oo , Bi hop D vid H., Bi hop S1 pson--A Cent nnial Ap
p ciation Addre s D liv rd at C diz Cel bration,
616
June 20, 1911, Pittsburgh Chri tian Advocat, 78:20-21,
25, June 29, 1911.
dg y, .B., i hop tthe Sim on, Th
1e, 45: -29, J nuary, 1885.
---
thodist
1th, Bi hop Charle ., Bi hop Simpon' Great st Or -
torical Triumph,' Pittsburgh Christian Advoc te, 78:
6-7, June 22, 1911.
inc nt, J. H., atthe Simpson, Leader in Am rican Church
Lif,' Chautauqua, 50:118-20, arch, 1908.
11 on, Clarenc True, ______ Simpson, atriot, Preacher,
Prophet. akera o dism Series. Ne York.
The lethodi t Book Concern, c1929.
Wood, E. M., Peerless Orator: The Rev. Matthew Simpson,
D.D., LL.D., Bishop of the Methodist EEiscopal Chureh.
Pittsburgh:Pittsburgh Printing Co., 19 9.
F. BIOGRAPHIES, AUTOBIOGRAPHIES, REMI ISCENCES,
DIARIES OF SI SO 'S CONTEMPORARIES
Beall, Edmond, "Recollections o:f the A sassination and
Funeral of Abraham Lincoln," Journal of the Illinois
State Historical Societz, 5:488-492, January,1913.
Boehm, Henry, The Patriarch of One Hundred Years; Being
Remini cences, Hi torical and Biographical of Rev.
Henrf Boehm, Phonographicallz Retorted to Re'v. ~-~•
Wake y. . . New York: Nel on & P illips, 19'75.
Brigham, Johnson, James Harlan. Io a Bio raphical Series
edited by Benjamin F. Shambaugh. Io a City, Io a:
The State Hi tor cal Society of Io a, 1913.
Brown, George, Recollections of Itinerant Lif: Including
Earlz Reminiscences. Cincfnnati: •• Carooll & Co.,
1866.
Brun on, lfred, A Western Pioneer: or Incidents o:f the
Life and Time of Rev. Alfred Bru'nson, 2 vo1-:
C1ncinnati and e York: The ethodi t Book Concern,
1872.
Cart right, Peter, AutobioHapha of Peter Cart right, th
Bae oods Pr acher. ite by • P. Strickland.
Cincinnati: L. s ormstedt & A. Poe, 1859.
Clar, D •• , Li and Times o Rev. Elijah Heddins, e
York: Carlton & hillip -;-1 5.
617
Cullom, Shelby • Fifty Years of ublic Service: ersonal
Recollection o:f Shelby • Cul,lom, Sen or United State
Senator from IITinois, Cnicago: • c. cClurg & Co., 1911.
618
Culver, Rev. Newell, Methodism Fortt Years ~l2 and No:
Embracing Many Interest!ng Rem niscences and Inc!dents,
Alo the Resaonsibilities, Present and Pro pective,
of the Metho 1st Episcopal Church. New York: Phillips
""and Nelson, 1873.
Dixon, James, Personal arrat1ve of a Tour Through a Part
of the United States and Canada:' witn otlces of the
History and Institutions of Methodism in Atne'rica.
New York: Lane and Scott, --Y849. - -
DtlBose, Horace, M., Life of Joshua Soule. ethodist Founders'
Series, edited by Bishop arren A:-candler. Nashville,
Publishing H ouse of the M.E. Church, South, 1911.
Flo er, Frank Abial, Ed in M c asters Stanton: The Autocrat
of Rebellion, Emanci~ation, and Reconstruction. Akron,
Onio: The Saalfield ublishing Company, 1905.
Gaddi, • P. Footprints of!:!!_ Itinerant ••• Cincinnati:
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1855.
Gatke , Robert oulton, editor,' etturah Bellmap' Chronicle
of the Bellfountain Settlement," The Oregon Historical
uarterly, 38:265-299, Sp emb r, 1937.
Gavitt, ln than Cornington, Crumbs from my S ddle Ba ; .2£
miniscences of Pioneer Life and Biogr~hical Sketch
Tol do, Ohio: ad Printing and Pap r o., 1884.
Hal , Ed d Evertt, James Russell Lo 11 and His Friends,
Boston: Ho~ton, ifflin and Company, 1899.
He saltine, illiam B., u1
1
s. Gr nt, Politician.
e York: Dodd, ead Compan, 1935.
ibben, Paxton, Henry ard Beecher: An American ortrait.
N York: eorg H. Dorn Company, Cl927.
Hibben , • • , Rev. James Havens, One of the H roes of
Indiana_____ - -
Holland, J. G., The Life of Abraham Lincoln, Springfield,
ssachus tts: Publ sh d by u don Bill , 1866.
Hollida , v. F. C., Lif and Time of Rev. Allen ilez,
• • , Gont ining Sketches of Earlj ethodist reacher
in-Indiana ••• , edited oy Rev. D •• Clark, D.D.
Cincinnati: L. S ormstedt & A. oe, 1853.
•
619
Jobson, Rev. Frederick J.,America, and American M thodism.
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1
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620
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•
es o
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VOS.
th
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621
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T
ho
u
Ezr
or nzo,
ancis •
----~~:.,_--=---~'
5.
I
•
• • •
11 s, Gideon, Diar of ideon elles, S cretar of the~
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o. 0 0 IGIO
D T · HODIST C
d , Jo
s m.
l
1 ·ti
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B 1 , b
____ , --------
• • •
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------
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st
622
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0 o th t
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& Hunt, •
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d
2:
t
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e
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Asset Metadata

Creator Clark, Robert Donald (author)

Core Title The pulpit and platform career and the rhetorical theory of Bishop Matthew Simpson

Degree Doctor of Philosophy

Degree Conferral Date 1946-06

Publication Date 06/01/1946

Defense Date 06/01/1946

Publisher University of Southern California (original), University of Southern California. Libraries (digital)

Tag language, literature and linguistics,OAI-PMH Harvest,philosophy, religion and theology,Social Sciences

Format theses (aat)

Language English

Contributor Digitized in 2022 (provenance)

Advisor Nichols, Alan (committee chair), Hall, Alta B. (committee member)

Permanent Link (DOI) https://doi.org/10.25549/usctheses-oUC112723830

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Identifier Ph.D. Sp '46 C594 (call number),etd-ClarkRobert-1946.pdf (filename)

Legacy Identifier etd-ClarkRobert-1946

Document Type Dissertation

Format theses (aat)

Rights Clark, Robert Donald

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Source 20230201-usctheses-microfilm-box6b (batch), University of Southern California (contributing entity), University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses (collection)

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