University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses

A study of the effects of foster home placement on a selected number of "rejected" children

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A study of the effects of foster home placement on a selected number of "rejected" children

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Content the STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF FOST ~ HO PLAC 1 TON A SELECT~D OF "4- J": CTED ' CHILDR N Thesis resent to c lty of the Grad at Univers ty o Sou chool of oc·a1 ork rn aliforn· I r i 1 0 he as r o ..:>C en ar J i 1m nt o h D n oci 1 o e This thesis, ritten under the dire tion of the candidate's Fa ulty Con1mittee and appro ed by all its mernb rs, has been pr sented to and a - ept d by th Fa ulty of the hoof of ocial 1Vork in partial f ulfil112 e11t of tlz r quir m en ts for the d gr e of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN SOCIAL WORK 1 a fl• •• £ . . . I .. I. . . . . . ........... . J'a ult , J'o 111111ill t A L OF co_n s C PTE I . I TROD CTI - • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Statement of e probl e • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 efiniti ons 0 e s u e • • • • • • • • • • • 5 . eJec ed " • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Foster bo rdin home and oar i g 0 e • • • • 5 1...1ituation . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • I porta ce of t e s udy • • • • • • • • • • • • 6 Limi tatio s of the tudy • • • • • • • • • • • • ? . evie pr vious rela ed . i io 0 1 ve • • • uources 0 d an e 0 0 OC u • • • • I . I 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ? III . T , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • I • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • o? I I . ...;o C 0 r 1 • • • • • • • • • • • e so • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • C • • • CHA.PT RI TRO U TIO lt ough ch ha b en r tten a OU th p r on lity n ocial dju n 0 C i n in th r o ho an i 0 0 s, e s no 0 C o h s r n • 0 0 C 0 o r 1 0 C 0 0 0 C 0 co • 0 0 0 ) 0 0 0 0 C C 0 0 C , C n 0 0 . al i 1 C oc a 0 • 0 a 2 studies might be undertaken fro the point of view of the parent to isoover his social-emotional reactions and attitud s. , fo e am p nt, the unlov le ens b hi the soc 1), h s s u 0 0 e 0 C C 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 1 le, the insecure par nt, the inadequate ar nt. Despit t num rous cau al aren s' a i des (bo h indi ·dual and un ken 0 0 C m n n 0 0 0 • 0 re on, en al H ela ·ons, h stan p 0 0 i 0 0 c on 0 s C 0 int of , , C 1 reven actors in Pr n - ie e, 12 :?59, h 3 children from gro,ving into mature adults. inoe the parents, whose attitudes toward their c ildren ere those of "rejection," seemed incapable of ivin th children the experiences necessary for emotional ro h, the various social a enc e involved ere called upon to ent r the situation. The aim of the agencies ork- in b yb h h chi ren is s tad in the ollo in e cerpt r: an le e make our appro ch in th child , our o 1 re ins the s e--the freein o h r n or r ar n fac or hi sel or n his en iro ent, so ht he may he ma i um hi iv n c acity or ha piness s contr on to the social 1 e of h 1 upon s to treat e him s · 1 s ic il ty) so tha 1 s ell ed in ersonality, t by e enture of hi 0 h ost r • bom s a part of the u o r lll at in e d a es ought y the C io 0 t chi l 1 r co nized as imperfect. 0 hoe eans ta one more adjust ent mus ho has alre dy been subjected to con- . challen es to his security • Also, as r l s t y re er ca e ann: e c id in the foster home is er se different from hi ello s. This difference may be softened though 2 ybil Foster, "ental Hygiene Implications of ~ubstitute Parental Care," ental Hygiene, 20 .:205, April 1936. never entirel! overcome if foster home placement is permanent. If the above statement is accepted, it is not unusual, therefore, that e find that even though the child had been deprived physically and emotionally in his own home and had been given many advantages and real affection in the foster hoe, he might ant to return to his real home and "be like other children." It must be remembered that even though the chil 's attitude in anting to return to a completely un satisfactory home may seem unwarranted, that children do not have the ex eriences of a social worker on which to base t heir i eas and that their only comparison is with children in their own ho es. On the other hand, the boardin home is accepted by authorities as one of the best means of guaranteeing for the child, a childhood hich will in its main essentials ap rox i ate the experiences of the child at home with his family. Althou h tr.ere are a few institutions w hich equal or exceed the boarding home in the following attributes, in general, the boarding home contrasts with the institution in the follo ring ways, which are cited by Phyllis Greenacre: (1) Better and more individual physical care; (2) family experiences in relation to the community; (3) family 3 Frederica Newman, "Effects on the Child of an Unstable Home Situation," Proceedings National Conference of ocial work 1928, 351-352. relationships as substitutes for those he has lost. ven though placement has a definite monetary accompaniment a real emotional rooting may take place which approximates an own-home relationship. ' hen this occurs; it is of inestimable value to the child, it furnishes him with a security that is carried over into later life as "a sort of ballast in his relationships with the world.4 II~ DEFINITIONS OFT S USED I THE STUDY 5 At this point it is necessary to define, for purposes of clarity in this study, what is meant by the term "rejected." According to ebster, to "reject" is to refuse to acknowledge, adopt, bel·eve or receive--to refuse to have or use--to cast away a s us less or unsatisfactory--to dis car and forsake. The child who is abandoned by his parents falls int o this category. In this stud, ho ever, "rejected" refers to those children not actually abandoned but, for whom, t here is some overt element in the parents' "rejection," such as physical abuse or tem orary desertion. It wiil not include the unwanted child toward hom the parent might take an overly-protective attitude to compensate for his feeling of guilt in not anting the child, but who continues to give the child more or less satisfactory care. The terms boarding home and foster boarding hoe will be used synonymously. As considered by most child-placing 4 Phyllis Greenacre, "Special Problems in Boarding om e ork," The F ily, 16-48 , A ril , 1935 . 6 agencies, they are used to represent a selected family home which receives a child as a temporary member of the family under an a~rangement with an a ency or the child ' s own parent, and for whom a stated compensation is received from the agency or parent . In the cases considered, the compen sation varied according to the agency involved; i .e., the Bureau of Indigent Relief rate for a normal child is. 22 . 50 per month, he Juvenile robation De artment ~25 &nd the , private a encies · 20 to ~30 dependin on the means of the parent and e demands of the foster family. The usual rate for special health problems or for fee leminded chil dren is . 35 per month . All of the homes in w 1.ch children incl ded in his study had bee laced, were licensed by the Department of ocial ·. ·el fare, S a e of al · fornia, accordi to Section 233? to Section 2344, incl sive, of the oli ical Code of he Sate of Cali or.ia. he te situ ion ill e use o re res e com- i tio of in iv·d al and social circumstances re ardin a pa icular erson at a give .._ ime. III. hes ud as rom ed e s rz ge s i o of , . · s s Louise Drury , who as, a the ti e exec ive secre ar of he C ild n's rotective ssoc·a io. ~ e fel tat e r o lems o _e 'rejected chil as een prac ·c 11 7 disregarded in literature on child placement. lthough the number of such children represent a very small percentage of the total number of children under a child-placing agency, they usually repre ent the group for whom the agency must take the greatest responsibility and for whom, ·n most cases, the agency is most truly playing the part of parent both from the standpoint of financial res onsibility and from that of planning for the future. Althou h is Drury be lieved that this was the group of children for hom the agency had been able to accomplish most in the ay of read justin behavior and personality proble , there ere no studies by hich the validity of th·s belief could be checke. In connection 1th the study of the effects on t e child, the agency as intereste in kno in het r, once having accepte these chi dren, it ould continue to be solely responsible for the until the childr n a proacbe adulthoo or w ether by removin t e child from his family temporarily, sear tion ould serve to e ove mali nant gro hand the family might ultimately reunite on a high r level. 5 Joseph Bonaparte, Recip ocal tti udes of ar n and Children ere the Chil ren re Being Cared or A ay From om {un ublished aster's hesis, Universi yo outhern Cal"fornia, Los geles, 1931), p. 68. 8 IV. L ITATIONo IN THE TUDY As the factors involved in any study of psychological reactions are, by their very nature, complex and elusive, an attempt wa made t define the problem studied as clearly as possible. Two sets of limitations ere deci ed upon to keep the roup stu ie a homo eneous one: (1) Chil ren five to t elve years of age, inclusive, ere deci ed upon as the a e roup to e consi e e. It as felt that it wold be diffi cult to ete ine the effect s of the "rejection" on children un er five an th t roble s eouliar to a o escents oul omplic te the probl m ith chil ren over twelve. (2} The s udy a limite to chil ren ho ha been in foster horns or t o years. ince the can in of at itu e is neces- sar·1 a slo _ rocess, t 0 e s as deci u on as the in . in h·c could be er any ermanen o an e e peote • nor er to e f oonfor ity in the results, the to-ye • r per1.o as se as the basis for the study ven .f the ch 1 er in the foster hoe for a lon r per o. Beo1 s of the i ic lty i ·n in oases, both t c il ren four an set s o 1 ere o i ie so one-half o . el e an one-hal ye rs of ge an chil ren i o ter hom sup tor· e months less than the two-year period mi ht be inclu e. 9 The contacts with the case worker, the ability, per sonality, and attitudes of the foster mother, and the number of foster home replacements were, undoubtedly, conditioning factors in the development of the child and in the rela tionships between the parent and the child. As their inclusion in this study would have caused further compli cations, however, these elements ere not considered in the compilation of results. Although both the institution and the foster home give the chil the ex eriences of living in a stiuation a ay from his own family in a so ewhat controlled environ ment , t ere ·s considerable difference in the effects on the parent of having his chil in a more or less impersonal ·nstitution or in another home with a competing set of parents. or this reason, the resent study as limited to the r sults of foster home placement. Chil ren of natural arents, step- parent s an adoptive arents were included. The factors behind the 'rejection" ere lik ly to be different in each of these situations . However the arental status was not believed to lter the effects o the "rejection" on the child, or to change the results of the foster home placement on the reci rocal oarent-chil relationships. 10 V. REVIE l OF PREVIOUS RELATED INVESTIGATIONS The point of view of the "rejected" child was not found in any of the literature that was seen. There was, however, an intimate relationship between the following studies, which will be briefly summarized, and the present problem. Dr. ·111iam Healy 6 studied five hundred and one youn people ith serious b havior and personality problems ho had been under foster home care one to nineteen years, th a view to estimating "success and failure." e cons"dere the treatment "successful" if the indivi ual i di tely o gradually cease his delinquency, or 1 the rela ses e creased in frequency, and the un ortunate c aracteris c an habits improved to thee tent tha the in iv ual and remained an acceptable ember of an or inary fem group . He found that "succ ss d"d no v . y t se ,, a C 8 grou, Intelligence uotient or le iti ac, rovi in e individuals ere of normal ersonalities. O he no a group, he foun ninety per cent succes es;' o those o abnormal mentality only forty-five per cent s ccee ed. He concluded that success in the placement of proble 6 illiam Healy, Au usta F. Bronner, ~ ith • H. aylor, and J. Prentice - urphy, econstructing Beha ior in Youth (Ne York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1935). - 11 chil ren is possible; that success rests upon the coopera tion of the clinics for child guid nce, the laoin a encies with hi stan ards an t e oster homes; and hat the o is ep n ent upon t e n ro ct on o soien io ho C n c in on. 0 n 1 C 0 0 h a s in 0 1 0 y 0 C 0 C 0 C 0 0 • 0 C 0 0 r 0 , 0 C 0 12 a ay from home because of social and health conditions in the home hich oompell d separation. He base his r·n . 1.n s on statement of chil ren who ha be n placed, on statem nt 0 c il C r e er s in ch e o chil r n's nstit tion or C s, on s t m S 0 1 0 ' on C ons o C C ' a d o 0 0 no C 0 0 0 C 0 13 3. The injection of the foster-mother or house-mother in the relationshi makes for a distorted picture of parent and ohil hich mi ht res lt in serious misun erstandings when the family s reunited. • 5. • 7 9 ~ep rat·on in erru ts th continuity o family in re ts, hich my not lat r res ed. C 0 h n i 0 0 of s hy st· ulate n e cc p 1 y by oys an i ls cono ic in ep n eco 0 C e f 0 0 0 C r r r s n of t e o n y the tion 14 Placement Division of the Juvenile Probation Department, of Los Angeles County, the lacement Division of the Children's Protective Association of Los Angeles and of the Jewish Orphans ' Hoe of Los Angeles were the sole sources of data. In each ency, the purpose of the study and the definition of the sort of children to be considered were discussed ith th uperv sors oft e foster hoe ivisions who were j t , C r 1 of he cases active in the a ency and who ' g tion s t t children who might be considered ed. ' 0 0 about si ty children who er sug ested V r 0 s SU vi ors, an hose C se hi to ies were 0 C ·1 r n, represent ng ifteen families, t 0 n study. The r - a·n er ere ec s t ey fall· to e age li itation· e he 0 . a no be fo ter homes as ong as t 10- e ias no overt "reject· on· becau e h en in an insti u ion rat er than in a n eoa se e a ·ns ffioient informa ·on e recor regar n the chil 's or the parents' attitudes. r e c en,. re resentin t-vo families, ere selected ro e Bureau of Indi nt Reli f; tree children from thr e families from the Juvenile Probation De artment; six children, re resenting six families, from the Children's rotective ssociation; and eight children from five families from the Jewish Orphans' Home. One case history was read for each child included in the study. Before attempting to study the records, schedules were developed by which the si nificant facts in the his tories coul be recorded and analyzed. The schedules, copies of which appear in the appendix, ere prepare to discover the follo ing facts: (1) The problem for which referred, (2) the child's and family's situations at the time of placement, ( 3) the results of the clinic studies, 15 ( ), the foster home ex eriences an ( 5) the child's and the p rents' situations after t h t ;o-year eriod. 1 OU an at e pt as ma e to construct the schedules so they oul be s co plete as ossi le, con i era le additional inform - t·on as secure fro ny of th records, while some of the histories containe le s info ation tan the schedules in- ·cate. In vie of the very nature of the st dy, it as necessary, ho ever, to 1· it the oases that ere used to t ose ·n hich there as ample info ation regarding the chil 's evelopment, mental traits, school adjust ent, habits , behavior, personality tr its, interests, and attitu es toward the parents, and in which there as infor mation regarding the parents' health, vork habits, marital experiences, personality conflicts and attitu es toward the child. lthough the factors that were studied ere lar ely ttintangibles," there was an effort to limit the findings entirely to material available in the ca~ record. The information as obtained from face sheets, history sheets, correspondence, clinic reports, and office forms. In the second chapter of this study, there will be presented a digest and an analysis of the twenty children who were studied. In the third chapter, there will be a summary and interpretation of the findings of the study. 16 CHAPTER II DIGEST OF CASE HISTORY MATERIALS A digest of the case history materials available for each of the twenty children was made. In the instances where there was more than one child in each family, the family situation was not repeated but the detailed study of each child was presented as there was little similarity bet een the children, even in the same families. The digest includes {l) the problem for which referred; (2 ) the situa tion at the time of placement, (a) regarding the family and (b) re arding the child; (3) the clinic study including fin ings and recommendations; (4j the foster home experiences; (5) the situation after two years, (a) regarding the family, and (b) regarding the child. The sequence of the various items varies according to the order of their occurrence. All items ere included in each digest except "cli nic study" hich was not made in the cases of all of the children. In a few instances, there was a second clinic study after the to-year period, which is included in the digest in its chronological order. DOROTHY ANDERSO l CASE ONE Father, born 1896 18 other, born 1899 (deceased 1934) Step other, born 1903 Children, arvin, born 1916 (natural child by father's first marriage) Clifford, born 1920 (natural child by stepmother and former husband) orothy, both 4-19-26 (child adopte by father and mother) Problem for hich referred. On 7-25-36, the Juvenile Police Bureau requeste place ent of Dorothy ecause the adoptive stepmother had been arreste several ti es for runkenness and the ado tive father ha beaten the stepmother on these occasions, and because neither parent was interested in orothy. ituation at time of placement. Family. othing was known of orothy's own parents except tat her father as wealthy and had" aid the mother off." The Anderson family arranged to take Dorothy hen she was a fe days old, through a nurse in the hospital. The adoptive father came from a family of laborers and small shop-kee ers, had orked his way through to years 1 All the names of persons us din this study ar~ fictitious . 19 of college, and had established himself in his position as customs broke~, in which he earned 230 per month. Although his first marriage had ended in divorce, he was on friendly terms with his first wife who was caring for their son, ·1arvin, to whose support he contributed regularly. He was affable, seemed of high average intelligence, liked to put forth "a good front;" and was frequently in debt. He played ith Doro hy occasionally when not too busy, but did not want any responsibility for her, and was always too tired to be troubled ith her problems. He seemed very fond of the step mother, was embarrassed by her drinking, and did not know ho to help her. He had tried denying her the use of the family auto , had tr"ed drinkin with her, and had finally become so upset that he hit her. His loyalties had remained primarily with the stepmother r ather than with Dorothy. The ado tive mother came from a culture, ell-to- o fami y who felt that she had married "beneath her." She was a hig school gr aduate , had never orked outsi e her hoe. Unti she eveloped tuberculosis when Dorothy was three, she ha treated the child as an attractive plaything. fter her illness, she seemed to lose all interest int e chi l . She refuse to enter a sanitarium, and until the stepmother entered the home as a ractical nurse, the adoptive other an Dorothy ere left in the care of somewhat neg~i ent colored maids. 20 The adoptive stepmother was half Indian. She married when sixteen, divorced when seventeen. As she had a small income of her own, she had not found it necessary to work until she lost her money in 1931 and had started to care for the adoptive mother. The household had been neglected due to the latter's illness, and the ste mother did much to im prove the housekeeping and the general atmosphere. Following her marriage to the father, two months after the mother's eath, she be an to drink excessively and was reported to be entertaining men hile the father was out. Clifford, who had be n cared for by relatives until his mother's secon arriage, was elcomed into the home, got along well iith the father, who enjoyed the boy and felt that he had a 'moral res onsi ility for hi." The stepmother, who ha taken excellent oare of Dorothy before the mother's eath, became jealous an bitter toward the child after the marria e. he "couldn't like her and was not oin to pretend that she i ." She was sure the adoptive father's su osed affection a s not enuine. She hated the ado tive maternal grandmother "who had caused so much trouble that the stepmother ould rather leave her husband than have Dorothy and the grand mother around her." The stepmother talked considerably about Dorothy's "immoral" talk and behavior. The adoptive maternal grandmother, who was in reduced circumstances financially, but still had a comfortable home 21 was resentful that the stepmother had replaced the mother so quickly. She criticized the way in which the stepmother handled Dorothy, sai she was sorry for the child, but had nothing constructive to offer. ocording to the stepmot er, the grandmother had told her, before the mother's eath, that the child as of no importance in the hoe, that only the adoptive mother's health should econ "dee, and h she anted nothin to o ith a chil ose redi y un no • orothy. Her plain, u y, childis a er no con r shar ly it her rah r sophis ·ct y O t orothy as in - at sc ool, i ir o ' co cent ate, i n't lie school, her. he as t y OU r so , talke an gnashe her tee e • step other, she astur e a tories a o t se e per enc s e n o he had te er tan r s en ro • sh a taken oney o chil ran sch o 1·r or, later usin i to buy can • he t 1 the stepmother's drinkin, s , soci bl , confidence readily, was eas·ly inf u nae, ha C in. l r 0 C ro r e i ter sts in art, mus· and o estic ~or, bu as clumsy in the latter. 0 0 e ' 0 • orothy sho ed ood insi ht into her problems and relatio ship vith her arents: t oo easy an th I • C - 0 e 0 e o e 0 me j alous n I oth r eo le ve ccount o or ot y oub • uch • 0 0 n 22 23 har to beli ve all she ha hear against her. Dorothy re aine in this home con inuously fort enty-three months. Clinic st dy. A compl t s y t Juv n 1 al 1 nic on 1 - 0-3 6 e 1 ha phy ic l in . incl lv c s, n e n n o ot n C 0 n on 0 s n 0 C c l 1 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 ( ) 0 0 S s 24 i to her other already well established interests , which oul e eans o earnin social approval . Provisions for e ot onal expression through music and art and for outlets or h r a undan ohys cal ener y thro iti s r • e o e s C 0 0 0 n 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 lay round activ- • rr 0 r D n 0 0 - larly e t s 0 0 e 0 e e 0 r n e • h 0 e 0 i . lo alt· 0 0 0 0 as er ent ·n ny ys as he r lt 0 e ces n t e fos t er ome. The t ext r e o her s 25 hair and sk·n had improved; she was doing excellent work in school, enjoyed her subjects, was willin, cooperative,and showe consi erable maturity in understan ing the causes of her former troubl. Sh had done well in her music and art ork, no longer showe any special interest in sex matters. Altho h very on of the e ster family, she was ea er to ret rn to her o tive home. 1. roblems Indicated Father's lack of real affection or child Stepmother's active dislike or Dorothy ausal Factors (a) Dorothy an adopted child ( b) Father engrossed in his own interests ( C) Father antap.onistic toward the child because of interference of ma- ternal ~rand.mother ( a) Stepmother's drir ,K - ing and promiscuity ave rise to guilt feelings and caused ner to blame the child ... r, \ .-!, IS Treatment (a) No treatment possible (b) ~o treatment attempted ( c) ·.vorker prevented grand~other from continu- ing contacts after the child returned home (a) Ko direct treatment although possibly as iLtangible assistance given in orker's accepting the stepmother and givi her a chance to discuss her grievances which helped rid her of her feeling that the child as to blame esult (a) Stepmother came to be fond of Dorothy and suggested taking her home l\:) CJ) roblems Indicated ausal Factors 2. (Continued) on"ti nued) I ... reatment (b) Stepmother found an interest in religion which caused her to give up drinking and gave rise to a kindl y feelin toward the child Result (b) Child re accepted in the father's and stepmother's home N ~ ARR.EN B o · , CAS~ T 0 Father, born 1900 28 other, born 1904 (deceased 1928) Stepmother, born 1908 Children, Christine, 1923 * arren, Jr., 5-19-25)Children Lillian, 1926 )by father and mother Anne, 1933 )Children by father Ellora, 1936 )and stepmother Problem for hich referred. On 1-15-36, the school principal requested help in making plans for arren , as it was reporte that the father abused him and ad tried unsuccessfully to get rl of hi through the Juvenile Court by saying the child lie, stole and ran away . The child's raged clothes, pale, un ernourished appearance ave evidence that he had been ne lected in his home. ,ituation at time of Elacement. Family. The paternal relatives were hard workin, religious, mi dle-class people. everal of the paternal uncles had ie for the ministry. The father was considered the n, ild' one of the family; he ran away when sixteen, after compl ting the ninth grade of school, because of arguments ith the aternal grandfather . He joined the avy and h d ior ke up to a secon class machinist mate when he was forced to resign when twenty-two bee use of valvular heart disease. 29 He had enjoyed the excitement of constant traveling, seemed to miss the routine of the Navy, and was unable to manage his own affairs. After leaving the Navy, be dabbled at auto re airing, drivin and restaurant work, was dependent on relief much of the time. He was loud, self assertive, lustering, as anxious to show his importance and, bee use of h·s overbearin ttitude, was unpopular with the members of Citiz ns Reli f groups in which he as active (he once ran or Ju ge on their tic et). Heh d a violent temper, as re orte by neighbors to have beaten both wives , to h ve hipped arren unmercifully, to have ex ecte t e child to ash i hes in the r st u nt an do chars b fore and fter school, an to have loo e the chil out ithout dinner ntil late at ni ht. The father enied mistre tin arr n, althou hit was verified by the stepmother that the f ther had started beating arren men the chil had been untruth ful, that the father ated lying more than anything else b - cause he ' had trouble with his first ife's unreliability. He also trie to beat Anne when she as untruthful but the stepmother had interfered; she could not stop him with arren as he remin ed her the child wasn't really hers and that he was "boss." In 1933, the father had been diagnosed by an eastern hospital as "psycho athic ersonality wi h ar noi egotistical trend.' The maternal relatives had been of low standards, and , 30 according to the father, were of low mental ty. The mother had received in-0onsistent care fr m the maternal grandmother, had been very nervous, anemic, had seemed dull, had been untruthful and a "kleptomaniac." As she as Catholic and the father Prote tant, there had been conflicts between the couple over religious upbringing of the children and over sexual incompatibility. The fath r stated that she had re fused to take care of the house or the chil ren, tat they had been sep rate at the time of the mother's death, which was c ause d ya self in uce abor ion, w hen arren was three. The stepmother had been unh p y with her parents. After r aduating rom high school, she had left home; a s arrested for for in checks; · s placed in a irls' refor matory hen t enty. he made a good recor while there, ut after her release , des ite careful help by a elfare agency, she continue to steal and her case was finally given up as "hopeless." i l th fam ·1y lived in the East, prior t o 1935, there ere reports that the stepmother had abuse the chil ren by the father's first marriage and 1ne had tol t e agency that she had no interest in seeing the children if they iere laced. The stepmother under tood the father 's faults but seemed to have orked out an acceptable relationshi with him, had a protective attitude toward him , and, at no time, had any intention of leaving him. Christine and Lillian had been left in the East when 31 the family crune to California in 1935. Christine was being cared for by the maternal grandmother, who was bitter toward the father, and did not keep in touch with him. Lillian had come to the attention of the eastern Child elfare agency because she stole, lied, masturbated, and was very stubborn. Her Intelligence Quotient was eighty-three. After the agency accepted her for care and placed her in a foster home (where she suppose ly remains) she a justed well. Anne and llora ere healthy, attractive; they had been spoile by the father an stepmother. The father supposedly sold arren's clothes to buy thins for Anne. The li tle girls liked arren and t ought of him a t eir real brother. The psychiatric social orker in the east rn a ency felt that the at er's behav·or ha cause the srup ion o normal home life as Lillian had one ell n pl ce el e- here. The f ther and ste other had been rejecte" y t eir families. It s felt that th ir desire to be ri o the father's children was due to their ·na ilit o acce t the res onsi ility of child rearin. It as doubted the family ould ever be self-sustainin a s it as bene th the father's di nity to ork at common labor and as he had no ability for the sort of work for which he thought he qualified. Chil. arren was delicate-looking, se med smaller and more entle than most ten-year-olds. He talked in a precise, 32 adult way, was very neat, and made an excellent first i pression on adults. Other children considere him" oody oody , " soon noticed that he tattled, that h called th other children names, then hid, hopin , his frailness o 1 prevent the others fro fightin to protect h & all art·c1 s rior to lac better as ein C t re a in • 1 C 0 C s rs 0 to hi sel nd to sine h • ' j y 00 , 0 she ther he et s C C co 0 0 t a ay fro re rn cott n ebr ary 6. Thar hi pa , h 0 0 • hy, r 00 0 • e 1 C s n He mat rb t ' ha stole C a 0 n co - 0 0 r C mother an . children of both se es, six S1 of e. arren a co not just C a ' h 8 a 0 0 - 7 ) 0 C C ored the cottage other, ith • 1 S on co the o her 0 y 0 0 0 0 ' ohil r n. 0 n int 00 0 ' p 0 0 0 33 to fourteen years bu , as usual, il the r s e ' 0 C 0 C 0 34 Foster hoe situations. As the father as uninterested in or in out any plan , it as reco ize that t e struotive in lueno sin the home ould permanently pre- V ll re' velo men, a ency b 1 t C , in June 1 6, 0 0 0 C 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 C n. s n h 0 0 35 P rents. The family did not visit and never inquired about he child. en they ere contacted by the worker, it was apparent that there had been no change in their feelings tower arren an the·r hom. Th t it 0 tion. 0 r a that they hoped he ould never return to amily w re etting alon fairly well rr n; the at r as on orks Pro ress e p r had no o jeotion to the pl n a s 00 is u ste requ ste ·t. all, rout nd han so e, n h s re eal 0 0 C e con s h so s • 0 resse 0 0 0 0 00 s e C 1 ea spo d c e i 0 co 1, part· ularl sin ly of h n hen his father's r c c lly ·scon i ued his fear of his father 36 hen he knew iss Ulster was taking guardianship. The Child Gui ance Clinic study of 11-7-38 revealed that it woul be neoessary to accept some of the deficiencies of {arren•s · emotional life such as his lack of de endability. Placement in a boy's institution was su gested, and it was felt tha his tie to iss Ulster should be encoura e as it as the one soli element in his life. {is Ulster h d had hi in her hoe abou ei ht months in 1 38, ut had to make other pans beoau e arr n h d continue to li an ste 1. ) roblems Indicated 1 . Father's intense dislike for l;,rarren and mis- treatment of him 2. Stepmother's lack of sym pat hy for ~Varre n 3 . Child's under nourishment, astigmatism usal ,11·act.ors (a) Father of unstable ers onality , lacked u derstanding of every and was brutal {b) Fat her iden arren with his whose l ying and ing had caused mu ch trouble ified othe r steal t her e vtepmother so engrossed it maintai ning care for her own children and i keeping peac e wit h f a t her she ha d no time or ,/arren hysical partiall cause . "'O s Treatment Result ttempts to interest (a) Father re- i n child's progress mained uninter he r relieved of al responsibility o treatment possible. \✓orker recognized odds against v~ich step mot her struggled and id not want to so bur den her with i,rarren that she would lose t he home or herself and children ich diet , regular hours , lasses secured ested in child (b) Father will ing to give uardianship to _iss Ulster which was to child's advanta~e Stepmother able to maintain a satisfactory re lationship with father though she recognized his shortcomings. he gave her own children adequate care ealth became excellent vl -.J roblems Indicated • Child's untruth fulness, stealin 0 , fearfulness, run ning away (Continued} SI Causal Factors Deprivations in home re stricted development and gave rise to compensa tory behavior reatment {a) Placed in foster home where appreciation and any outlets given (b) M iss Ulster assisted in securin~ ~uardianship esult Behavior im proved some what; stealin continued at in tervals; fear fulness disco, 1 - tinued after guardianship taken by lt iss Ulster vl CD CATHERINE CRATER CASE THREE Father, born 1890 other, born 1903 Child, Catherine, born 1-15-24 39 Problem for which referred. rs. Benton, a casual acquain- tance of the father's, ith hom the father had left Catherine in April of 1928, referred the chil to the Juvenile Court. The father had not been heard from for five months. The mother, who had secure Cathrine's custo y in the divorce in 192?, had "given" Cath r·ne to the father as she was orkin an was not well. ituation at time of placement. Family. The father had been injured in the orl ~ar. He had been married t ice and had divorced both • ives rior to his marriage to the mother when he was thirty-one. He as a dieted to the use of veronal, had committed hi self to the Veterans Hospital for a cure, but had left before the tre t ment was complete. He was dia nosed as "constitutional inferior ith chronic veronal poisoning." He received a small government pension; made little effort to secure work; was incline to exaggerate his experiences so that he would appear to best advantage. ccording to the mother, the father gambled, as romiscuous, h d beaten her, had never cared for Catherine, and once attempted to give the child veronal. 40 other. The mother had been deserted by the maternal grand mother and placed in a convent hen she was a small child. he married the father, the first man she had known, when she as eighteen, as a means of getting a ay from the con vent. he as anemic n chronic lly "ailing." he had no knowledge of se hen she was married and soon grew to espise the father, not only because of sexual conflicts, but because of his 1 ziness, slovenly ys, crudeness, an br tality. hile at the convent, the mother had learne to be · acul tely cle n, thrifty and a conscientious orker. he as very s y an o sensitive, h. h strun emperament. h h threatene to commit suici eon sever 1 occasions after her marri ge . he secu ed job as telephone o er tor soon after atherine's birth and as thou ht ell o by her em loyer, where she as known as a sin le oman. The mot er admitted frankly that she had not w nted a child, had tried unsuccessfully to in uce an abortion, that she hated the father and his child. he made no attempt to understand the child, ot violently angry if the baby soiled herself. The mother also believe that she did not want her own child because her mother had not wante her. Child. Catherine was a pale, thin, highly nervous, 41 "peculiar," unattractive child. ile she as in ~s Benton's home, she wet the bed, masturbated excessively, was a restless sleeper, soiled herself during the day and defecated on neighbors' lawns when she was angry with them. She made up stories to get attention, talked of brothers and sisters she i n't have. She had violent tem er tantrums, tore up blankets, marked the walls with crayolas, thre thins h n corrected, bit other chil ren, was impudent, stubborn, domineering, would not dress herself, i she could et some one to do it for her. She as intereste in her a pearance, like to dance, and as 'like a monkey" in imitatin those aro nd her. he as anxious for atten ion from anyone, had been way from er own parents so much that she hardly kne them. Foster home situation. Cathe ine as in seven ifferent foster homes from 9-20-28 to 9-21-30. Information rear in the various homes ·snot ava lable, but, ·n e ch instance, the child was in a family boarding home with one to thr e other boarding children, was removed after one to five months because she was a disrupting element in the foster families. In the eighth home, where she was placed 9-21-30, there was an unusually understan ing, well trained foster mother who kept Catherine three years. Clinic study . en examined at Juvenile Hall Clinic on 42 4-29-29, the physical findings were ne ative; intelligence was low average normal. She had poor coordin tion, was uncooperative. No evidence of mental disease as found although mental development as uneven. She had mar ked curiosity, had good powers of observation an, hen int r- este, was absorbed in th subjects that were ven to hr. It as felt that he old prob bly evelo no ally ·n ny goo ho e. commendations ere (1) To t o e te sel -co trol· ( 2) as a corollary to n t e in a group; no a laym es · to maint . tr ct n int et in e son clot s . ( F Th ather . a1· orn· , her e he ) t ( ) 0 is, 0 foste 0 pl ce nco · a t a anc • be n oc or in s he ail h bo r to OS 0 n a h e stil receive is ension. e s e e t·n e his ru hab·t, esse n in er s and came to Los An eles fo a v·si inane o r o 0 e C 0 0 1 o e C e 1 e to eco e friendly ith her. Catherine, o~ eve, sn e hi · and, s a result, the f a ther b came discoura e · n h's inter s t 1 psed again. 43 The mother continued to be frail; as still working at the telephone company under her mai en name, had a fear, a.mountin to an actual phobia, that her employers woul le n she had a ohil, n th t the f her oul loc e her. The mother b rely le to ppor h rs 1, but occ - sion 11 bo t c lo he or i . o e , -e C s at a • 0 o n e 00 0 • a 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 h n o e C 0 0 44 h d ris n o avera e no alo The sychiatrist elt that e i e eriou na ure o hr personali y trai s n t e r h t 0 ants, stay· C 1 s co un o 0 ovemen r nt. ' r a a 0 - - 0 ·o 0 ~ sul V V of two years and b i r ' s atti - rove sicall up to of objec le traits ut o n ev1 ones de el oped . (Ps y chiatrist felt rovenent was arent ) ~ CJl 0 p 0 or 0 e on 1 n C 0 2 ov ' ce t e ans 0 ta 46 KENNETH DAL"IIELS CA FOUR the or Father, born 1898 other, born 1903 (died 1930) Children, On Georgia, born 1 23 )By father Kenneth, born A-17-24)an other Jerry, orn 1926 ) Jasper, orn 1928 ) Hen y, born 1932 )By fathe and a oline , orn 193 )ste o her 11-5-34, the arent Te chers en's Pro ec i e ssociation , ose st other i 1·k oc 0 th ouse, C us th e ts lat a ni h • The ssoc t OD . h h a 0-1- he th r had eo e ' Jerry 0 , 0 s was gi en as e n th a e, D m nt asked t at lan be ed C 1 ren as t eir father had lace oar • ho e . he father 18S ant n hil r n's rotecti e ency a tha ti e e the chil ~ren with h. • at tie of lacement. 47 amily. The father seemed of average intelligence, was in good health, bad a pleasing, rather passive personality; at the time of placement , he was doing well as director of a ivili n Conservation Corps Camp, ere he earned 100 er ont , room and board, and where he stayed full time, except for every other ek end. eh d worked as a carpenter receive relief rior to his cam e or the epres ·on, h osi ion. he fa her had no ba habits . He seeme do ·nated y the tepmother; tho ght "that there a nothing wron it nneth, that the step other s the cause o t e c il ' s pr o es but i nots e hat he could o abou it." o er h ed o her tro bl n 1930 . Th re been con er ble m rit 1 cor n the p rents ere e ara be ore er e h . (Deta ·1s no i ven). Th step o her, as rebus, had ou th or i h grade e cat·o, see e of dull mentality. e ha worked as as ·stat ·n be ty ho efor hr m rr·a e. Fro the t· e father m rrie her, hre e ks ter th other ' s e th, e had been jealous of an ha islik d all the father ' s c il ren, particularly nneth. She accused the chil of disobedi nee, impudence an of un illin ness to help in the house. It was the worker' impression that the accusations ade by the ste mother ere simply ex ressions of her d"slike for the child. Geor ia was a passive, placid child, who was ea er to 48 please and was very helpful with the housework and witb the care of the younger children. The ste mother nagged at her constantly. Although Georgia had been doing well at school before the father's second marriage, the constant unpleasant ness in the home caused the child to lose interest in school an all other activities. Geor ia was motherly toward enneth. Jerry and Jas er had been placed for adoption by t e Chil ren's Hoe Society in 1932. Although they were s ewhat neglected by their mother, Harry and Caroline seemed to e developing normally. Chil. enneth as thin and sallow looking. He di vera e ork at school, as somewhat mischievous. The teacher el·eve the d.fficulties in the home ere res o sible for t e chil 's problems. e sucke his thum, bit his nils, an coul , eat very little without vomit·n. He stcl~ can y, annoye and te other chil ren, and fou ht viciously on the playground. On one occasion, he injured another child by throwin a allet t him. Hews ag ressive, had a violent, easily pr voked temper, grumble when he was told o do anything he did not like, felt he as being "picked on," and was afraid of the ark. He had no interests. He st ted that he did not care where he was placed, so long as it would be away from the stepmother. Clinic study. r hen studied at Juvenile Hall Cli ic 12-2?-34, 49 Kenneth was found to be undernourished and in need of cir cumcision. His Intelligence uotient as 102; there was a marked reading disability. The sychiatrist felt that Kenneth had never known affection or security, that rior to his mother's death, parental discord had disru ted the home. fter the stepmother had come into the home, she had rejected the father's children so strongly that she had force the father to give up three of his four chil ren. Kenneth had been conditioned to fear and to a sense of being un ante for so long that he had learned to strike back at the environment which had been ostile to him. The child ha insi ht into his o problems, was reponsive, craved affection, and had possibilities of being led into more cce table behavior patterns. Recommendations ere for (1) placement where he would feel wanted; and for (2) opportunities by which he could le rn to t satisfaction fro acce ta le rather than un- cce ta le behavior. Foster home situations. In December 1934, Kenneth was place in the agency receiving cotta e with five boys and girls who were approximately his own age. The first cottage mother, ho as quick tempered and inclined to nag, found enneth 0 impossible ." fter about one month, she was replaced by a motherly, understanding woman, and enneth shov1ed 50 immediate im rovement. The second cottage mother considered Kenneth the nicest boy in the home as he was very reli ble and helpful. By June 1935, Kenneth had done so well in the re- ceiving cottage that he was placed in ranch home with a kin ly, foster mother and father of standards co ara le to Kenneth's own family. Thebo din hoe arents bee e very fond of enneth, faun that they could usually ci line h" by iverting his attention. e as iven rich iet n co liver oil in both homes to uil p ysically. Situa ion after to years . Family. The fat er ha v"sit d ennet ·rregula ly, sai he preferred the child to the stepmother, but made no ef or to re-establish a home for the chil en . He and the ste - mother had sep rate after consi erable quarrelin. he fathe r was continuin at the Civ"lian Conservation Cor s Cam . The step other had returned to work in a bea ty sho and as neglectful of Henry an Caroline. he had never v·sited Kenneth. eorgia had been placed in a foster home by the agency. Child . Kenneth had developed into a well nourished, good looking boy. He was making excellent rades in scholarshi and citizenship. fter he was given a re ular allowance for raking the lawn for the boardin mother the problem of stealin sonality disappeared . All of the other behavior and per aladjustments had practically ceased . He had 51 become interested in unday chool, sports, and in a Scout group . Kenneth emphatically said that he preferred remain in in the boarding home to returning to his p rents. Problems I ndicated 1 . Fat her's siding ith stepmother a.g-ainst child • te pmo t her's dislike for child and making accu sations him 3 . Child ' s un nourish.m.e1.1. need of circ cisio ausal ctors rital discord between her and mother prior otl1 er ' s dea 4 ed father from fo close relntionshi child Father ' s employment out of city · 1:er t him from owing true situation 0 ... d r's small s CK 0 r outi.,.., sical rea n !' one poss i 'ble t.Vorke r at ten:pt ed to explain reasons for child's difficulties e possi e a . ~ , cisio~- e co CU 111 - 0il Result Father felt step _othe r to blame but had no plans to help child ·ttitude toward child. unchanged ecene well nour ished and i n good condition phvs ically CJ1 N> ( c..; 0 ) rob a or s • e ome e ... .. esult "'roblem.s prac cal lv discon inued om Deveioned inter d outlets r: athletics , Scouts and church or· 01 vl C 0 e ~~.GARET ETTAUCH CAS IV 0 0 Fath r, born ot er orn te oh r, C 1 0 - 0 0 0 om n a 1886 ? . orn 18 0 0 54 5 assume re o i ility for ar aret. Th mo r ie of t be culosis hen a r s th e • Shes pose 1 0 r o r sp C a f ily 0 h 0 j ct to th h ' n in ha k n goo • e o s e 11 0 0 . , 0 0 0 0 O _ • 0 . o 0 0 C 0 sanitari ha difficulty in etting to ove her. ft r she left the r st ith va ious eternal r 1 ti ves, 11 nun 1 asan, un r th ul chil th t h ther . nto o r n. 00 0 • 0 l a 0 • 0 0 0 e 1 0 0 56 argare 's relatives home, argaret was of ho oun her such t y d no n ed her 0 0 a s 0 0 r o h r 1 er 0 0 ' his ' 0 - 0 0 e e i s e. ' 5? • • • I et feelin blue and wi hing I ere dead." linic st~ y. · en ~ r ret as studie at Juvenile Hall Clinic in .arch 1 35, un ernourishment, ne d for dental c r, poor post r an in 1 ation o the vulva er foun . er nt lli ence uotient as 111; s had a fourt en year ca 1 ry; an had e cellent 11·ty in ener lizin ve bal s p 0 s e • a n o s or ps ch tr·st t t d t t pat·en ha been av ry n r n . Thee r y loss o er s o h r S C r s ye r s in o it l· te r 0 n • n or o 1 0 e h her f h r 1 . 1 o ve 1 ' S C u re ov • • 0 0 '8 , 0 a io s ere (1) or a o e 1 c e i ' h r p - 0 a ec on an ' 'la t e ' · ( ) o n se n, ingin, n rawi to oster ome sit On -18-3, the a e cy receiv·ng cott e ith a ar aret was pl ce in otherly, culture foster 58 mother and five other children her own age. There was con siderable trouble at first, because of argaret's persistent enuresis, her unwillingness to take part in the activities o the other chil ren, her general air of unhappiness; and later, because of se play and stealing with other children. She as acce ted on an objective basis by the cottage mother , was given op ortunit·es to learn to play the piano , given attr ct·ve clothes, an, by 2-2-36, was rea y to o into a re lar f oster boarding home. argaret s miserable at the tho t of leaving the o tage o her as never as att ched to the second foster he , a consci nt . ly i 0 in her fifties, who mo ous, in 1 eke the cha an c ltural interes S 0 the cotta e 0 er. ere as one bo ing ch · d, a girl to years you.n e than ar ret in the boar ·ng home. e chan e was e, so that ar aret co 1 have feelin o security in a hoe an so that she cold h ve community interests hich were not available in the constantly chan n study co tage. after to years. The f ther had visited her only t ice, had paid nothin to ar her board, had evaded the orker. The stepmother had put him out of her home because of h's continued drinkin . t first, the stepmother had vis·te argaret fairly frequently, each time upsetting the 59 child by promising to take her home and buy her clothes, which she never did. The worker discouraged these visits, and the stepmother gradually discontinued them. She stated that she "could never like the child because of her ungrate ful, untruthful behavior in the past." The father could never be located to discuss the board; the stepmother stated that the father was contemplating taking the child home as he wanted a housekeeper. Child. After continued work at the Orthopedic Hospital, argaret had develope a good posture, had become an attractive, interesting looking child. She was doin ex- c llent school work, had won rizes in poetry and essay contests at school and church, had been given violin an piano lessons, in both of which she as very intereste, ha learned andicrafts and puppetry at a neighborhood playground,and had become interested in tennis and swirnmin. The boarding mother had been very patient in having ar aret ash her own bedding, and, about eighteen months after placement, argaret was completely over her enuresis. She had become engrossed in her various interests, and derived so much satisfaction from her achievements th t most of her problems had disappeared. Although she rarely saw her father, she was concerned about him, sent for "drink cure" pamphlets , hopin she could think of some way to help him. 60 he wrote many poems about her other, expressed unhappiness about her homelessness and felt sure that if her mother had lived, "things would have been different." roblems Indicated ausal ctors 1. Fat her ' s excessive UnKriow drink.in 2 . Fat her ' s le.ck of eres t i n child 3 . Stepmotter ' s au tagoni sm toward child (a) Fat~er a cril earl ( b) Father ' s alco- tolism consumed tis ime and r:.one (a) Child's stories re alicious ste or apprec ir 1 strovea stepmother ' s Or-11..,111"11 K I I r l I I/ I 11 - te nt,ions t,owarct t,ne child ( b) stepmother ' s worry 0 and i :nad "do T reat,m e nt on ( a ) r- one p o s s i b 1 ( b) 1 : vor!<e r a cussior. o ·one or is ds esult rinking i11- creased at end of two years ( b) Fatr..er an tagonistic oward agency . Lack of i nterest in child con tinued m ~ roblems Indicated • Child ' s under nourishment, poor osture, dental caries, inflamma tion of vulv 5 . hild's enuresis, asturbation, un truthf1:lness , temper tantrums fearfulness, stubbornness, dav dreamin usel c'tors 1 rs ical 1 eprivations rations childhood 'tnrou er ' s """'""""' ...... , ~ of forn:ative years ir: a hos9ital , s of insec _ · - and stenmother ... onatic roble1ns (Continued .ent od liver oil , res~s , siotherapy, dental s11e na secur· she h ir,.al care ome W1e re e ctional and where co i ve outlets c- Result eal th consider ably improved enavior problems practically dis continued--stron devotion to board ing mother and interests in music, handicrafts and thletics developed ~ ~ roble hich re ciation . . ss n a ne Pro C 1 e ssocia o Los re soc 0 0 0 0 ( soc 8 - 2- 3 r y e e 0 ter e h • . ste h·s . 1n 0 e 0 e hin e en or t me o HARVEY FRANK C E hbo in i ' 0 t r viol Father, born 1902 o her, born 1900 Chil ren, n i i11·am, born 192 Rose , born 192 Harvey, born -1 -24 Be ty, bor 1926 a e, born -20-3 t e i u s n pl 0 C C C a 0 0 n e t r ) nt. e 0 0 amily . The f ther ca.me ro a res ec a 1, family· he had married a olis irl a ins -c s spare t's ·she hen he as nineteen nd he as no in o c it 63 is 64 relatives follo in his first marriage . He ha school b siness colle e e ucation. H ha his . t i.r arria e nnulle six d ys be or he arr e the o her. e . s 00 loo in 00 al r, as 1 z n p sse ' ' • T rn 1 n C 00 or • 0 0 ' o- ' 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 ome, constantly na ed an crit·cize se le the 0 ro C C 00 hr n app arance t e an just lik t or t t n t C 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 i • other atb r, 0 r 0 OS n 0 0 C e 0 a 65 s Harvey re- s ure he sher ·1y y. In - 0 , e • • 66 · at ent·ve. ~e calle h " self "public enemy n ber on,' 0 s a lea n a che s , • r. un . 1 h ·this nai s, s so lutt nous hat he as ill. He li , took on y ro ' oh c il en, s o ni 0 n 0 0 V , 0 0 0 C 1 a e co le nd o e 0 0 0 0 ' l e 67 chil in a se i-rural section . The fost r mo her had had any y ars ' of e per nee ·th boys, as sure she coul help t e chil by ol ing i eals to im, by ser·o s i cussion, y n s e that he co 1 n ' t leave her hoe re- o ho c h • , C 0 , C 0 0 .. 0 0 co OS a 0 ac n s or a 0 00 0 s, as so e 0 y . ro 0 ( -o 1 0 • 0 e 0 C 0 ' 0 • s e o conce r ct n . e a e him a re ular i ·ting as arvey er her vii • e 0 C 0 c·t 0 . C ) 0 C 1 , · ion. 0 co occ S 0 C 0 y n s eco in- co ts, t n eres e n the boar in 68 mo her's religion but referred the Pres yte ian Sunday School as "he could un erstan it better." H v1as anxious to go home, was sorry for his sisters, w s very sad when he learned that h"s mother did not want him at hoe. ,hen he r stu ied by the psychi tr·st in ril 193? nd when reco en ations for further care w re r quested, i was at . bly. T . trist oun arvey re consi er psyc l. co re arvey's i h to retur to is o her' s o e gn C t 0 ere e ot·on ecur ty. e felt th t in the o ter . ni . . arvey's e r enc s 0 ze , l. h"s 0 e t an a o s to r him . , roblems Indicated usal Factors 1. Father ' s desertion (a) 1arital friction of family and lack caused by matercal of interest in child 2. I~_othe r 's rejec- tion of child 3 . Child's untruth fulness, stealin 0 , cruelty, temper tantrums, impu dence, laziness grandparents ' opposition to ( b) Father passed bad checks and had to leave city to avoid arres Iuentification of child 11.itb father, whor.1 n1otr.e r considered the source o all of her difficulties (a) Lather's inaaequac in handling child ' s _roblems (b) Child's conscious otivation drove h~ to punish mother for identification of i nt ,Ni th fatber for boo child had no respec 0 reatment (a) ~ :one possible ( b) ~or:. e possible Kone atte:npted (a) Child placed wit boarding mother ex perienced in workin with children ' s prou lems. (Boarding mother anatically re- - d neglected ild toward end of o- year period) esult , iotner 's dislike o child intensified by feeling of guilt that he had to be cared for by stran~ers (a) Chilu ' s problems · ~roved for a time. oarding mother's religious fervor prevented full bene fits from placement en '° OPAL GRANT CAB EVEN Father, born 1895 other, born 1901 Child, ?O Opal, born 2-18-24, adopted child Problem for hich referre. On 2-28 -34 the adoptive mother referred Opal to the Juvenile ro ation Department asking them "to take over the child as she ersistently ref se to obey, wouldn ' t co e home from school, w s untr thful, and ha en ge in sex lay with boys. Situation at tie of ent. --- Family. the time of a lication, nothing was known of Opal 's natural parents. Throu h the probation officer, the natural mother was loc ted· it s fou.n that O al had een an ille it ate chil, that, afte relea in her for ado - t·on, the mother ha married ha ily, nd ha three c il ren by her husband . The adoptive father, street-car conductor, divorced tea o tive mother hen Opal as about a year old. He con tinue to provide a co fortable hoe for the mo her an Opal , but took no interest in the child. ccordin to the a optive mother, the adoptive father ha drunk heavily, often being involve in brawls. The adoptive mother, tas ?l self-centered, self-pitying, and had become abnormally stout due to a glandular disturbance. She said that Opal had be n difficult to manage since she was two, that she had stru led ith the child, had tried close su ervision, and had tried having the child sit still for hours ta tie as punish ment. She felt she had been unsuccessful in training Opal and anted the ado tion annulled . he thought the child w s a 'born s ex proble, probably just like her own mother." The a optive other" oul rather kill herself than o any more for the chil ." O al wa an u ly, "o -loo in ," clumsy chil ho cul st n out s una tractive . chil n any roup o ren. oing fair ark . n B-4 at cool. She st r ate e as ' ha ba rea s, an as a so list. e s trut ul, took fro he tive mother la . took oney a o an ves, C n y fro stores, as qu rrelso ' ha thro knive other children when angry an h te er t ntr s. s resse by Opal, "all t kids re mean to me; the teachers ick on me and I 'm mad at everyone.' he as sensitive, craved ttention, as n exhibitionist in the cl ssroo, s ·nterested in everyone around her, and as enero s to any one w o expresse affection for her. She love to ance , and like music . She did not ant to leave her ado tive home, but knew her adoptive mother id not want her. ?2 Initial cl·nic study. The California Bureau of Juvenile esearch stu ied Opal in 1933, and conclu ed that the causative factors of her undesirable behavior ere (1) the unknown her ditary factors; (2) the known handicap of un attractive appearance; nd ( ) the uestion le isci line and ack of affection in the ome. o intellectual roble s were foun. Recomm nd tions ere (1) stu y of lood ressure; (2) co plete en ocrine stu y; ( ) urinalys·s. Thes s e - tions r not carrie o t, and int e Juvenile Hall Clinic ~tu yin 1935 it snot felt tha they ere necessary. oster ions. In he ------ en om, ere 0 al 1 ce 1- 1 foster o an o c il- re on er than herse , she o alon a o tone ee. he oste other soon fa· ly ell or oun t t O al s ntr t u , "ha no conscience, ' n as n u nee on t e yon e c i ren. he co 1 ch·l an on 4-8 - 5 · si e On -8- ·nd noth· 00 n on her removal. n o an ·t tr ·nin e n t e psychiatr·c approac to ro e ch· ook O 1. uhe felt that the chil res nte al ost sycho ic s ( iolent t mer, s ici e threat ). rs. eal trea e p O s, r ·t n ers ,an n and O al became fon er of er than of anyone q e ha ever kno n. , e rs. eal left the city to t ake a pos·tion with an eastern cl inic, on -15-35, Op~l 73 elt as tho h her last prop ere one. Later clinic study. The Juvenile Hall c1·nic study on 5-21-35 revealed that there was precocious sex evelopment; it as not believe ' how ver, th t en ocrine st icate • re rac ion test was ma e. Intel 0 ninety- iv was foun ' "th excellen re . The s chia r st eve er as eve y i . Y" 0 ts 0 in nsec r lo Ct , clo ~n . sel no C y con , an s t ental • h ere as no nor a 1 y; n or co i • 0 , h v or a p el ec r·t an a c ion n the o ter o 0 else . t een oot L O a , J V ile lt o OS er chil t on tie u 1 o eco by the r nt 11, as i e , kin 1 en o prox . rew u et een n h s 0 • ' e 0 • r • h s e C 0 an at the e a e rs. Tom an O a . ' e onths , many of 0 l ' s roblems e e ecre the chil ' s ea erness top ease t other ho • ·tuation ith natural mother . ter h chil n dy_ w • s l. - C uoti t ili y . on o 1 · on) · a le n h . ic s n . nte11· n ·th hr 0 1. an , er in 0 0 'I s in t e 74 Thom home about sixteen months, the probation officer, h vin successfully located Opal's n tural o her, arran e o sen the chi d to er. lthou 0 1 hate to 1 ve • Tom sh cite about her 'o . as e n 0 e n s s out two eeks r Opa ' t 0 0 Op l's C 1 0 0 on • C s 0 0 0 • • 0 0 0 is O C C • • h s s e as 0 . -y ar erio , s e ee C 0 t 0 on bs s ho no C rove n n 0 1 ?5 ability to get alon ith other chil ren, foun tha Op 1 as tryin to con o to ru S O t 0 es to le s • h n the proba on o • Op 1 a b en en t e n c, a t an C cool. s 0 0 C u ' t . b h o- 0 C n 0 • 0 0 0 r:t. 0 0 (a.), .NO , ( 0 0 } esul (a ) 8hild ' s a roved other ' s chan~ed --.J , ( 0 _.,_sul le . ed arter on by o~ - . r ng to i ,11- se ~ ~ 0 sa n s . st . sf 0 0 - co s e GERALD HILL CASE IGHT Father, born 18?? other, born 1883 ( ecease) Ste pmother, born 1912 Chil ren, erald, Teresa 0 1 -29- bo n 3-18-26 by father an hen a baby) ou, born 193 y a he n ot er) the Chil mo ted er (child ste - at t e Ch 1 en ' P otec iv ui nc ssocia ion a boa le ent th boar th 0 no e · n co 0 ac e e 0 • - h s se - a e n . t 00 0 , om jo • ion . ban ha 0 s e . 0 • e 0 0 C e los in the l. 0 re rral, e s str lin el · o man n h·s f il itho t relief. ec use (fi ty-si ) he 1 not et k. • e co 0 e s 1n- n is iscipline of erald, e ived personal ction fro tea . . 1 . the ch·l lacked ln an in in • ' erstan . of eral ' s needs • He seemed emotionally n ?9 immature~ He said that he had married the stepmother in or er to have someone to oare for Gerald; he said that he i not care for her but that he felt obligated to stay with her an their baby. othing as mentione of the adoptive other except that she as refined and a good ho sekeeper, as ille in n auto acci ent hen Geral as six. The a optiv ste mother, t ·rty-five years youn er tan theft e, a n soc· 1 stats th ee a nei hbor, the at er. s of lo er econo ·c h ha been unhap y with er arents, 0 hoe an • s r ea e h d o e oorly at school, elt insecure in her s lattere een jealo so in iol nt te he the ther s ed hr to arry ld r he tar, had , force h. to do ch o t e he vy ark, ere ul ch'l. ealth ha ore her own o or o t t she or er 1 h Geral bay . Hi o en oor y· to ea et in hr c onr·nemen. h te se n t ·es· ' hom. a n her atte t a 1 conclu e take y the Hi 1 fami y hen he was a father a re ute ly a i liona·re n his oth r as a seventeen-ye r-ol s rvant irl. e as thin, s of slouchy posture an had a deci ed squint. He was in -2 at school, i not like school and di poor work· he bothered the other children, aske the teacher 'foolish" 80 questions. He had nocturnal enuresis; masturbated; refused to eat his meals, because he ate quantities of candy. He had the habit of sucking his lips until they were sore. He lied, teased other children, was very jealous of his baby siste, took a negativistic attitude toward the stepmother, seemed "unha py" and "nervous," and was resentful of correc tion. He like ar ening, w s active in un ay chool, an as generous in sharin his belon ins. He was " b ssy" to ar the father; dislike an feared the ste other. He Na u set over natur 1 eman s she made of h·m, s c s p·cking up his own clothes. y . ccor in to the hild ui ance Clinic exam- --- n ion as foun tracted an felt tha 12-5-33 Geral was ei ht poun s unde ei ht. e to be of superior intelligence, as e sily dis was immature in h·s reac ions. The psychiatrist eral 's irr·culties coul be traced to efective habit training. Gerald ' s satisfactions seemed to co e from o·n thins "just because he kne they were wron ." He lacke any incentive to get over his babyish traits and it as believed to be possible that he was retainin the as way of competing with his baby sister. Interpretation was as follows: (1) the adoptive father's teasin not only made it difficult for Gerald to know what his father meant but set the child n example whic h he was closely following in 81 his relationships with others; (2) the friction between the father 's concern for Gerald, which grew out of loyalty to the adoptive mother and his feeling of responsi ility· for his wife and baby; the stepmother ' s jealousy; and Gerald's lack of habit formation seemed insurmountable obstacles in the ay of working out satisfactory care for Gerald in the a o tive home. Recommen ations were for place ent in a boardin home were Gerald would receive goo habit trainin, oul acquire a sense of sec rity throu h affection nd con i ence, old have consistent, appropriate unemotion 1 discipline, a woul have foster parents ith a sense of humor. As eral as ell equi e in ellec u lly it as felt th he coul become a he oul thus be y and occupie in the r· ht hoe an ble to function at a hi her level. at Foste home situation. On 1-21-34 , Ger 1 as laced ith foster parents who ere in their forties, who ere of hi standers, an who enjoye the care of chil ren. The foster mother consi ered Geral one of the nicest chil ren s e ha eve ha, kept him busy, ave him much attention for h·s uccesses in gro ing up," disregarde any of the child' s reactions that ere isturbing, ot him into church and boys' clubs . 1 he maintaine a frien ly relationshi with the parents . 82 Later clinic study . 1 h n restudied at t he Child G uidance Clinic 1- 18-35, it as found that Gerald had improve in every ay. Since there ha been no ch n e in the family situation, continue pl ce ent was reco ende. ~ituation after to year • Family. The father ha secure an o r·ce job t hich h earne ei hteen oll rs e ee • A ho e s i he WO 1 · e to have eral t home, he con 0 ee that his obli at·on to r his fe a b of o e i por nee han 1 nnin 0 al • e u 1 oar • The or k fel h here r s t o e e - o he . ht . nto t e i ' s n e ons 0 e s t e step ot e ' t it oar e ch· C e e o her to V 1 e is e 1 e t e ot er • eco g res nt 0 r e orke C e e a e or eral • • eral ha a a ne o a ei ht , recei - asses an OS or, an ha co ea oo -loo in airly responsible child. H's chool ra e er sat·s- to in everyth·n but deoendab·1·t and writin hard an love C C 1 . :e cont·nue to a tur e occa- 1 s·onally . ol nou e an ed h i s father tot ke him for junior hi h ( in three years ) • e kne e was is s ep o her" oul n 't ev r le hi o anyth · he anted " t 83 wa? matter of fact about accepting this, and seeme to h ve overco e his former fear of her. roblems die u 1 . Fat her ' s · to C • s- • Result (a) Father secured inor office j o hich enabled h. o support step- er and child bv second rearriage . _ .__ther continued be unable to lan for chil ( C) er ' s teas ued as derive act1.o om ec~e esenttul of orker as guil ling aroused. isliked child ore tt~ an ever 00 ~ ditio CD ~ ( ·) 0 d • (e) 1-1ro ~ · -sul "ts e sever- secure o'ther CD CJ1 VI GI IA I s C n 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 bo n o n ' 0 08 0 - ? 86 0 • • 87 The mother ha been pre n nt ·th Joyce nd had a V ne a in 0 ion at the tie sh • the fa her . h arri " 1 own, a s t r th ather n v·r n 8 o, o e ty t s or u ' 0 0 n 00 C C C 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 e 88 o-lucky," and eager to please. She was anxious to see both parents, an was constantly hopeful that she could be with th • ce Vi a 0 0 00 e 0 e e t. ·tuation. O 7-29-36, a priv tea e cy had 0 ·th os er -ol 0 C C se ren s ·nth ·r i t · s , w o os er chi ren. e n , s n 0 0 t r e p c e n er c re. 0 0 0 a 0 co 0 , Q 0 0 C 0 0 er 0 C or 0 ce 0 e n ho e s h d m e i s 0 r o her h e- she a oy craz ' zy nd 89 ituation after two years. Family. The only chan e for the father was that he had been ismissed from orks Progress Administration because of his failure top y oard for the children. e had never visited or inquire about them. The other was living i h sailor, sai she wanted chil ren, a no la tot them, and ile o ke her pro i e to vis·t the • Vi . • h i d i nd manners· sh n nrov a arance h e rne t re in fro SC sin h o her's ro lems · ha . ntereste in c urch ct· • . eco. or an n 1. s . cont· u 0 st rb n e t 1 e con- s era 1 attar • 1 0 he ha co e 0 co e soc 11 ' t .er as l't n e er bas·c reaction . s j s as hoe h r nt 0 co e he t s d t e e 0 place e t. roblems Indicated 1 . Fa t her's lack of interest in child 2 . ! other ' s lack of interest in child 3 . Child ' s crudeness, vulgarity, sex pla ausal ct,ors (a) Fat her ' s unsatis- factory marital exper1- ences with mot he ( b) Father ' s nt in dr ood times (a) I other ' s identifi- cation of child wit h ernal relatives whom she disliked (b) Lat her ' s interest in drinking , promis- uity hild felt unwanted b ovm fami l y . St ories o ~other's unsavory ex eriences her way of etting attention reat { a ) l 0 ) ,,orker to interes i n child ossible (a) ( b) l~other con- tacted by wor ker re- garding child ' s needs laced in boardin_ home of good stand ards where tau~ht ore desirable habits esult (b) Fat her's atti tude unchanged, avoided agencv and child (a) ( b) I,iother ex- pressed irterest i n child. Dnwilling or unable to give up poor typ e comp anions to m ake plans for child Child learning to derive attention and satisfaction from satisfactory behavior ~ 0 RUTH JIMINEZ CASE TEN Father, born 1892 other, born 1904 Children, dward, 4-2-21 uth, 12-3-33 Alice, 2-2-28 2 Harold, 1929 Jean, 1931 ophie, 1933 Jack, 1934 roblem for which ref rred. On 11-28-3 t e ttendance irector of the Boar of d c tion requested Bureau of In igent Relief aid in making plans for Eward and R th, ho ha been abs nt fro school for six es . School a thorities faun th t t e mother was be rid n an t he father was unintereste in he children. The arents s · 91 the chil ren ha to stay home to c re or arol nd Jen. The oard of Education could do no hin but rrest the father, hicb they felt oul not hel . Te ou ty lf re ha closed the case 11-13- 33 , beca se t he father refused to ccept a work order; the a reed, ho ever, to re-open the case to ake plans for the childr n. ituation at tie of placement. Family. The father as from a 1·e ican Catholic f ily. Th 2 Case Eleven, pp . 97 9 . 92 paternal grandfather, a musician, had been quarrelsome, a heavy drinker, and had been riven out of the home by the maternal randmother when the father was a year old. The grandmother supported the father and his three older sib lin s by doin laundry work. The father was ·nor hana es when he was a child; his ex eriences in. these homes con- ditione hi a ainst ins He ha various jobs at unskilled labor, an as re orte by f sober an responsible nil his been arr s e se eral t· es for borhoo uarrels. e a e so rr e nds ash vin been e. The th r had in 0 nd for nei h e t e hou a e no h p o his e. ...e separate fro her n an ntly in ay 19 4. he ternal gr n re in co orta le c re t e rr a e, an r er o ar n s aces· o shoo ' ·nall lea· r- u sian born e a vio entl op_o fat er if e c tot e·r o e. he par ts o 1 not let t e c v·s·t t e·r o e as t chil might spoilt e ch ces o th loo at r al 1·ke e icans nd nt n uncl s ho re e o marria e bl • he at nal ran pa nts ere illin to sup or th mo her, but oul o so only on con- dition that she 1 ave the father n ch·l ren. e mother, ol est of six chil ren, ha of hi h intelli ence, h tent r e e cation, see e worked in the tele hone co any, 93 and had see ed to get long well in every way until she ran away and married the f th r when she was seventeen . fter her marriage , she ne lected the house and children, gener ally sen in her tim e in bed. She was di nosed s havin hypothyroi i man ovarian trouble, an was ver complain ing . en ex ine by a psychiatrist in January 1 34, she as ound to be of "n ur est enic t pe--not in an •" Th oth r sho te ores at he c il r n in oul lan uag, cased h out o the ho se, . h for insti an s n io 1 f r the • . 1 no p s ere so l. 0 Sl. r hoe coul k ep th m. h n the Co y e e e for on h in 1 c·n the ch 1 r n, t ot en to r n e V ·th t J nile all . h u- r 0 1 no consi u sh n the or a opt·on ho ev r . h hos a · a s by he m no a 0 n he coun bu t so ha e i y s o t n 0 00 • a ro SC e • e as ce i Pao . . c Lo i he s rin h e 0 ere r or 0 y rs. He h n e C llen reco fter C en • ut had an emotion 1 . mat re i re for her a e, as sens'ti e, he S 0 poor rork ·n the -3 rade, as un ruthful, disobedient, destructive as careles of her a pearance , ent out i e irnmo estly dressed, s oked 94 cigarettes, refused to help with the housework, and was eager for sympathy. ~he as anxious for attention from her parents, but seemed to have little real ffection for them. oster home situation. Because of the mo her's insistenc that the children be in a Je ish home, th was tr ed into Je ish foster ho es, be innin 5-8-3. e her o t her ore than tr ays s yo j cte oh c n ap earance, oor ners n r h oh i t e·r il·es. O n - -3, sh 1 c om n, li n in o s o onal·ty ro p . t kn on 0 11 o h ot e pee c r ions; p ol en 0 he, e s t tte t t r h oste aft r so 0 0 0 S 0 __ i_l_y. e ther rea ere n Dec n J • 0 r r n 0 0 hoe to e ork su ort • a y see e ne lectful of the ch"l ren r r ·si e he constantly e e cuses to voi kin res on o e • Ie as reported o be 1 i · n · t anot er o an , n as une loye except for o jobs. The mo her, who ent to live w· h the aternal ran parents when the ohil r n were alon ith her parents, as r oeivin therapy ore, n, by 4- - 6, w s r o e ell e o o oc or t b r e 0 • • • 0 0 0 0 laced, could no ynecolo y an e ch C e 95 et ph sio- oc or 1 ( a ) ) i-:one po 0 ) . ...,sul des ei. re o her lems C11SC0u ed . Developed e ma- ' ud il 97 LI JI C ( ee s n o ily s a us ( n ) 0 0 • 0 C • as place in s 1 to 1 thin a w h. • t he boardin home with Rub on v th str·ct rou ine o the ay, s r ectly h yin h 0 - on . 0 ( 0 0 e C 98 -4-35. Alice irst hoe n, bo r in horn si 0 , C o r roblerns dlc 1 . ) (See Case her ' s re.iection) • '-'.U-'-•""' .., 1 ..,oor near- inP: and nos • Child ' s disobedi ence, s1J.yness, dre C UnKnOV/11 Tonsils and aaeno1as e , s esul'ts _ , :ose obstruction cleared up. Poor earing continued e responsible, alert, inter es'tec i n gardenin~ , nd handi - c.D c.D osp·tal r f ch. n a 100 DO IS LA,SO or·s to special F her, born 1896 in Illinois other, born 1898 in ussia c il ren, On Virginia, born 1 918 Joan , born 1922 oris, born 8-1-25 -11- ' he h'l r en's the ur au o Indi en elief as i an treatme for pilepsy to t nsi nt 1 t r· orat·on , an as the other ha C a ·1 o coo er ate n t car 0 C il • on t t· e o • - e ons · ere he , lac e " 0 ec a 1 • s rom is re t' es, zz e 0 ro. h's ' h or in as chi f 1 e om r n a 'la to avo ros - n 28 h school r uate, had een a al d to lo e so ny times for hel on , n ha a hey e u illin to f ce o assis h' on h b sis s roble s an ex ect the as constant assistance. ad The aternal r ndfather ha se arate fro the rand- ot er after co n to th Unite other as to years ol. The r and.mother was amoitio s , and 101 took in boarders to support the chil ren. The maternal uncle was workin his ay through college. The mother had ra uate from high school and worked as a salesgirl and cashier before her marria e. he was a poor housekee er, requently left t e children at home lone, an as bitter . to ard the father because he oul not sup ort t e children. The o her as irri able an exc·ta le, considere Doris "a ho eless mess," an as sur r·sed a yone ,as illin to ta e er. ir ·nia a Joa go alon fairl ell i th ot er; at he t· e of referral e ~ ere on all oft e so h he o her coul look for ork. ey id not ori i t ho ec us she c use them xtra 0 • Dor· h been non byte _ r n _os i 1 from the tie she us t e y months ol, as sh ha ha eni · loc on o t e his. a gi 0 con a ion an hy rotherapy, an, byte i e she was rree years old, coul alk satisfactorily. It as a er foun that she had a hy o-func ion of the thyroi an th t she suff red fro epile tic convulsions. She was very small in size thou h ell roportioned. he ha insight into the situ tion, re lized she was d.ffere t from other ch"ldren, th t her o her i not want her, but sh i poor work at school. id not seem to brood. he 10 Clinic study. According to the examination by the Children's Hospital psychologist on 11-25-31, Doris ' Intelli ence uotien was ninety-one. he seemed babyish and shy, but as alert and of normal in elli ence. Foster boar ing home situation. On 5-6-32, Dori as pl ced ith a foster bo r in others ecializin in 0 chil ren i h h alth ro lems. h rovi ed ct·v·ties for the chil ren and bee e v y fond of Doi. ater clinic study . On 11-14- 3, i s oun a oris' ntelli ence uo ent h rope toe . h y- hr t h t • • i.me, she s our or ive inch or .e r n e of ve e . on ~n e oc s co • nee i as ppa ent e mother co s a ur en, a , a i s do bte e car 0 he cl'nic ' s ins uction • est h e ain , l. as SU n e o r ome . on af er two y. e other ha sec r re ular or a a ales- oman; an a s pporti erself an t e t 0 ol er irl • he b came u set at the tbo t of . ' ret ho or rn e . he rarely visit d the c il and seemed e er to fore her. · d. Doris had become very ha py in the boar in home, although she continue ~ to b esiro s of her mother ' s 103 attention. She had become lively, talkative, and affec tionate; sews very observin; was interested in domestic activities , an was a steady worker. She continued to do poor work at school, although she tried hard. Because of e leasan disposition, s e was like n rotected by her cla smate. By 3-16-34, here ile tic ttacks had racti- ly a· tan r e l iscontinued trea n st e resul SC edule. ers·ze. o stric adh rence to the e ts, hore e, sill roblems Ind· ed 1 • Fa the r ' s de s ion • I'other's dislike for chil • ild's gla i mbalance, lentic co • Child ' s ar..d unha ss ausal cto 0 (a) orr 0 0 reatrne possible r o 0 ir • er i e, d · -- boarding esul :. other continued to feel "too busy" to care or child ontinued to be arkedly under sized , epileptic attacks practically discontinued Child became well adjusted socially d very hap-1:"v 1,-J 0 ~ 0 e 0 0 0 0 r ts, h • C 0 h 00 T CA THI 0 0 or 0 00 0 0 no o ale c 0 • 105 7 0 0 i C 0 e 106 es in 1920; lea ne to re an ite a lit le in . h; o ked le eticu- n an s u p • ress lo sly, 1 ersu nd, n i pr ion, h s C 0 n 0 h e 0 S 0 .. n 0 0 co 0 10? speech efect which id not detract fro her attractiveness; sh as r 0 t to 0 ula with men . he h le ntary school • 't tes, suff ln an re 0 co 0 0 0 e , . ch s s oc or co n n s C 0 e - 0 C 0 co 0 a 0 108 for her an t e mother id not nt t e chil to leave her. Because o the ot er's o er ·on i Octo er 1 3 , azel a 0 lac in OS r 0 • ' l ' o -s inn C r 0 0 • 0 C 0 0 109 en my mother gets mad at e she hits e but she never hits y little sister. as r concile to t e idea that the mother nee ed a rest n tha he s i C so e her or his he 1th. Th die 1 e . ion iv n 3-19-35 reveale m am na on h 1 t ' s on il C yp ic, at his te h n e d to e . e lun Pre- ' r l. • 0 C r co 0 - 6-. , r a e C h ro • 0 0 r ' 0 b e o 0 s s 0 0 • s 0 0 1 0 , C s C . • l. 0 0 0 • s n not 0 1 ro ht 1 e to s, uch too 0 rr s th child. He ot e ·s poises o e chil, cri ·c·ze h fos e hoe, n 110 was inclined to interfere with the rou ine. The mother as attendin neurolo ical clinic. iost of the time she was angry with the father bee use of his neglect of lbert. he re use o consi er takin 1 ert home and thre ten to es rt hi if th chil ere returned to r. he t lked taking Hazel from the fos er ome ut os o this mov an as cr·t·c o the fo ter ho in . ., ich zel ha b en lace • s 1 e t's ei t ha n ease ; s oon as he en e e C n y nsa t • ro ce s n 1 occ sons h h ca e. a r none a s en i i ls · n t o so h·s d so· 1·n, hen 0 e 0 her or n c· 11 1 s 0 r e. a p. 1 o e r e ast~~, .... att c 1 st eat acks p rents, · en he o a d a school s n ch acer 1 d to cc t s t y n un- OU OU a ort to le he oar n other, wi h ho hews ver a ec ion te. t ou h he a ctive, he cou no pl on an eq al other ch'l ren an hit the if he e e ease . ilt u a 'brother- sister' rel t·onshi it he e had i ls an as companionable with the boy in the foster horn . Hews 111 happy when Hazel was placed with him and he was "protective " toward her. He never discussed family affairs, but seemed to f el inferior to the other chil ren because of his parents ' ne lect of hi • "Then the father spoke of the possibility of takin 1 ert to ive with him, lbert became excited, and was impu ent to the oster other she felt ht he d. not need to mind her. s the father did not proceed i h 1 ns for oaring for e child, 1 er bee isco ra e, and, 1 ter, seeme to un erstan that it was o bt ul that his arents ou d ever have a home or hi • roblems Indicate 1. ther's inability to plan f or tre cbil 2 . Lat her ' s disliKe or child • Stepfat her's lac of i nterest 4. Child ' s astl undernou en-r,al undesc testic ' , ausal ( 0 st fj C ( (a) NlO toward to chi !\'Iothe i ' n ct.ors d s difficulties ily a1.1nove _.. 'Obl ference r rese ~ a r snoul 1 caus .-.IS reatment Tone (a) r one (b) Physical care ve Tone altn care g e esult ( b) r~other' s heal th ~ proved but she· continued to refuse to care for child ealth satisfactory except for occa sional asthrla attacks ~ ~ l\') roolem s I ndic us c"tors 5 . Child ' s bullying Lack of affectional oward security and inferior ot,ner cnildren , place in home made impudence , quarrel- child indulge in be- sameness , lack of havior which would r esponsiveness give him feelin12: of us · ( Conti ) r ea "troe Placed in H e alth Camp and l at er in boarding home where affecti on and a ccept ance i n t he gr oup a ct i vities were nrovid esul Considerable i m- provem ent i n be- havior and ability t o get alon~ with others ...... ...... vJ 114 ROBERT NATHAN CA .!!; FOURT - Father, bo n, 1 96 1 other, orn 1 9 Ghil ren, -14-26 7 Florence, bo n obert, born 5-24-28 roble referre • On 1-26-3?, h h.l Gui ance l'nic req es Je is 0 ' om he p n lacin 0 r in ost rho e. h ar er ' e er . sl. e 0 e t, co 1 not r n h'm an as u n r V e sic 1 care h t hil ne • u he · 0 ncy's nv s a io a • ln 0 t, o h re te 1 0 lo nc • e o - s 00 C C s n a e n • h 0 C 0 s' son e e ri nc T e l ot er h s . e' by et . to t e by ·sin r a ro e e a an ath r oul s at er in b s s . he pater a ran at e ere r ]. 1. he f t r a a ift ra e e C 0 , h 0 jec 7 Case F·fteen, p . 122. to doin the har work h"s unsucc ssfully trie bein elio tess n tor • e tie 0 re erral. e cons love o rea 1 or n 1 ' , n ' n C 0 as t r. e b n 0 C 0 h ho • s e lo s a e the chil ren. father-in-la ha a ta i ri er n orkin . s 1.n a t is 0 ' h ul C s 0 0 0 cold given hi r noin st t on nea • C 0 0 C ' ' C 0 115 had h C 0 116 h othe an i h h ra e e c tion· n r se ork r s 1 i nc • n s he ' 1- in ha 0 11? ot C Oat t a yo , an a s y us icio 0 • t ' 0 0 l • y 0 • 0 0 0 • • 0 C 0 t t 0 0 OU C to b on C a C 1 0 s i u nt Wh or • I 0 u 0 0 0 118 n he as sine ely qu st·onin s el hi r n ' t C a or ' ( ) 0 0 C 0 0 Sit ation after t enty-two months. The father had con tinued orking at the as station, had paid toward the chil ren ' s bo rd, but w s so demandin of the boarding 119 - o her th the s no nted in the home. H h e unto s th mo her r as ious or conci ation, a 0 a a 0 o - o hi • es 111 0 0 C 0 0 ' C 0 0 r a • 0 0 0 oblems 1 . ~atner·s es uo~si • io r. or c • 0 l nu- 1 (a) }' O { b) l~Ot.ller ca.l car , ca s or us 0 euro- SU 1 1 - esul er pe.yi ct regularl ., . ing ste w terested in re~stablishin ) 1 :otner rea of workin as ~aid . Inter- sted in gain ck to father so she could have o ttitude toward child u 11 - chan11ed al .. s is factory t-J t\:> 0 • roblems Indicated ·sal H ors vhild ' s enuresis, (a) Some orp-a.ni c 'basi lyin1Z, tenner tan- ... ( b) _..,L6'-" ,.,. ...... """ ... ........ ,., '-' ..... ..., ... ,..,.. ..... , s , r...egat1vism , preference t o sister, impudence, feelings insecurity and lack of of unhappiness , stubbornness, SUS- . . ciousness, " . vousness, Je towara. siste affectiori 1n home ;;.av rise to compens u is c ~ (Continued) re ~ ··o ,A. . ~ '-"".1,£-1.""' -. .. ,... \,,# ,a ~ -1-14 '-' VA"-'-' .... ~ J t good natured , • COf .!.SlS- tent foster Lot her _ .esul t (a) {b) Problems ... ractically dis continued . Fel secure in foster l:or.ie and was able to accept sister on friendly basis ......, ~ 1---J 122 FLO CA E FIFT EN (S Case Fourteen for f ily status) 9 roblem for hich referred. ( ee Case ourteen)lO ____ i_o_n_ !!..._ t· e of placement. ( Case Fourteen for f ily) 1 hild. lor nc as blond, pretty, of slig t u·1 , was slightl u.n had enval cari n an unpl a a t boy o or. . nt lli accor in e as o ave ag nee, 0 roup t st· e 'not in e n ' sp 11·n ' . . ia ju i lt h sh n ve an en r , s em r har • cco o th sh ha te P r S e as el C im n fli an . n s e 0 ' , h V lin . nferior1.ty. nds. Dr i S 0 e no r as her only inter s ~ h ha b en ace S 0 0 1 one arent a inst the ot r, as not i ter n ·ther f the e ce t for ha she cou rom Fro 5-30- 7, t ti 0 irst place et , to 10-21-37, For nc as n ee os er ho 9 10 1 ase F urte n, p . 114. -- • , p. 114. Ibi ., p . 114-116. to s. • 123 h was move from the first on b caus of the mother' s interference in the foster f ily's routine. Sh as re- moved from the second and t ir bee us of her impudence, arre so eness, an e four h oar in other s youn ' h muc fre time, n ante a g·r1 ith hom she coul . sis r" rol h had a ass l. • onths-old . erabl . e n- ' r ve sa 1.s C 0 ro r hom s ion . rl 111- e n n ent . h tac 1 . h 1 . lo n n rco s r b ·ts· 0 e chil nt n or ' e· n i no· a e h clo . n 0 ' • • ( a 0 n 0 0 ) 0 C ' e no 1 , 0 0 0 • ov rcom s r 1 0 s on er o • e ece V s C or s t C ool al a lo . . . e e a s er er C z o her 0 le 0 0 rco or nc s 0 to ra 0 oist OU ior i n V rs o .. S 0 a u lor nc r on a C en fo he bo r n ot r' b 0 e le s s 1 is • s she as very s 0 n 0 eni ha he r ins rue ons s e ee e u coo r e e • 19 • reverted to stubbornness and a - re in 124 ter visits with he other . Throu h the boar ing other ' s fforts she be- interest . Gi 1 Scouts, in t li and in cmae in rary, house ol tas s. y avin parties at er oardi ho e, s e a n er of rien s . 1 hou h she s ry . h the in 0 h h r o r n mo n n sh s ' a e 0 0 C 0 r • roblems I C 0 • 0 ) 3 cal o- 0 _Lesul ( See : o • 1 under ase Fourteen) con t,inued in ion-ge t tin ior; shovred so'1l.e evidence of ir.creasin~ matur i t--' ~ {'Jl J 0 0 0 0 LOUI P C C 6 0 ' 0 0 0 C 0 re , s thin to h n C 0 1 co h oint o y p t 0 0 0 C C 0 0 • aci occ es ? tion, n w V ry ov i 1 V to ny h t • ' o- 0 0 • 0 enthu astic in i ar n an 0 0 e h oh r, n 1. h n • y ·s kno le e; an h 00 C c. o car i n s OU C C 0 0 0 h V i f h 0 0 0 e er's heal h s eme to have ro no 0 s co 1 0 A in·s h coul C 0 0 1 9 t r·orat d; sh ion . e co - n th h - 0 • • 0 s oney. ·~en h was calm, he accepted with resi nation the c ht he co 1 not rely on his naren s to do very much o hi . 130 roble Indicate 1. Fattier ou .o contac child ' <:' • .1 '-6' VJ.l...._,,.L V "rejec- ion" of ch:ild • '-'·L..lild' s under- nourishment, noor posture, deviated senti se.l ors , . (c) (a) Identification of child with father Partially caused by physical neglect 0 s d e urn , to in child er lledical attention and financial relief pro- Rich diet i esul r rarely saw • .....idn ' t se ested !..otter's feeli._ a~ainst child con- tinued and was colli- licated by a guilty reaction that she as unable to care for child as well as other woman could Health good except for possible sinusitis .,_, ~ .,_, oblems Indic d ausal c'tors • Child ' s stealing , Pother ' s inadequacy in 'nervousness, " trai riir:g child; feelings ee7ativism , jeal- against him; lnconsis- ousy of brother, tency in handling; a nd attention-~etting preference shown brother behaviour, excit- bilitv {Continued) a-cment Placed with calm , un- emotional foster mother who ignored rervous mannerism , followed reFular rou- tine , gave 7'1any ou .. _ lets esult Child showed i m - provement al- t hough still qui ck tempered and eraotional ._..., uJ ~ t e J r 0 u1·a, C ssa lan 1· V 0 r ion t • b el e SC 1 ca nu 0 e h ency an sho fter losin his 3 Cas E1. · ' Ho n ' h h ons 0 - r 1 C THE I. U L • h • out te h at r, born other, born t o her, Ch ren, , born 1 12 B ha, 191 ·a, 1 15 he b to , On -1 -30, h t n oa n h s n C C r • e 0 ch • r 0 s 0 or mo e ' • r e st y ool C 1 a er, ion to On 9- 2 - 0 usine he e r th ily. T e teen, p . 3 • 1 se ·neteen pp. • 3 0 1 4 orker believed he had left the children as a way o forcin the a ncy to pl ce them . Te children ' s moth r had been a poor housekeeper nd i ci lin rian . h had di o asthma. T epmother ha a goo e uc ion i b·tiou ' a oo ana er, bu h d become i u th 0 0 J l s en he n n. ne an 0 0 s a so 0 0 0 0 C S ( n c ool · n 0 , 0 0 ne. • z 0 lo. e oor u1· 0 · tor·es.) 1 C se 6 C se hteen p. inete n, pp. • 2 . n e ne e c i r n . hat hap n s i S t 0 r h 0 u 1 s e o r not nc e s 0 ussia, was it op d o h in h r e s s 0 C 0 00 C O ' S ' i 0 135 hild. Oath rine's poor posture, protru ing t eth and bushy, lon hair g ve her an o , op-he vy app ar no. e ~as in ne do a tonsillecto Y, was un e nourishe ' n se ull m ntally. orri con 1 a OU h lt t . h 1 C n m s 0 on hich as iv by th 0 0 c. 0 poo ork t c ool· 0 C 1 • no t t 0 0 0 0 0 0 C n . 0 0 0 e C n h 0 h u n 0 0 e i . 0 C 0 t e 0 a 0 t e ch"l ren's bo r He s D t C ch· ren · er 11 n e pr se no t . 1 n re n C ens utu e . The at er s an a onistic o ard th nc bee us he lt th t t y h am h 1 n . 1 r r y , s e h 0 0 CO C 0 esults (a) (b) (c er ed u er- \aJ stepmother made own plans 1 . th 1 -;i._ en 1..1a.re d onaition ...., vl ....J 0 1 .... ~esu 1--' V TO U LL I ( ( ( 0 I 0 0 • • t 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 ) 139 i y 0 00 140 ea e n b·ts ihic a h. uch 0 acce ta 1 to le. . t ons·1s h rect • h 0 e eo 1S e an ee co ' ha h. . • ha overco na 1n . n 00 n wa • e 0 e 0 he 0 as r, u l 0 cc 1. • t 0 • co l. 0 0 0 0 0 t 0 C C 0 Obl .... d. d 1 . ( se r, . mo t.ner. and ot he r ) • ist11e , caries, i onsil . Child ' s of clea c::: 0 oor ablt.S ss , , 1 ct.ors e care , .. esul _eel th excellent {a) {b) Child oe came well man ered , a-rn.bi tious as result of in luence in board . · g home f,--J ~ f,--J QUALL C. E I TEE!, 142 ( ee C s~ 2 seventee s atus) or f ily lem for which referred . ( ee C se ve ) 23 en ---- • lC l .. e . l 0 at ) 4 io ry or . e 0 0 e e, h 0 lov 1 no 11 ears 0 er 0 • si a io 1) 22 C se 3 oc. 2 oc . w 11 ' h se ' eve cit. ci • • ( ~ e C e event e ore lert a r ct·v n C ed, . eed o d 0 n T_e i 11 n k e . 1 • e as d soil 1 • all 0 ook OU 1 V er, 1 0 e 1 ( ee s ev . te ) rs. ( ee C se S ve ee for --- 1 tee .. , p . r: • 25 Ibid. , • 13 . 2 Lo . • ci . or . l or re ar • es rue- d, • . s 11 143 I e r h ece e he p si al C re th t was nee ss ry, ha b hat . co Ul a m P n s st ·11 ver r 0 si s , r ' a i t·ou . 0 a r .. nts . 1 , s e rec • 0 t n y e 0 t 0 0 s C • ' 0 t ' s . n, t • 1 . • • roblems I 's ishment, caries onsils e .... s C C ..:>~Ve ems o ther ) lac.r: .. o mlschievousnes s, ' us 1 1 care r••- • 1n- sult .ealt excellent ild improved ttough continued o be somewhat spoiled as he was so "lovable bos.rding mother vein to l1im n to ildren 1--' ~ .po 0 0 0 • 0 • C C 0 a n 0 n s e oor a j s 0 so y chil n n er s n follo i CSE T 0 0 e 0 e D e C e e se ... ar y s b. y e 1 t • 1 1 0 co 0 s e e 1 0 0 e otional, ina equate, ha n e t n i o th c re o violen chi r . arry ho s." na a e ol co 0 0 e O SC t er, h h d lit c nsi co a 46 e n 0 1 ? 0 0 i ex er ce, a not ection e, as .. a- • . uls n , l.C ' V ' 0 n, e V , co - ce , C 0 0 1 0 • s 0 0 0 0 0 0 co h i not sho V C 0 0 y i t 0 0 0 0 on 1 ·ns c i y. h 0 0 C 0 1 C U i i l; Th po n 0 C otner a 1 e , 0 0 ork·n she 0 o e p t not 0 e ha 149 n a actory, but enou o be sel - Har y uncon- o t hoe. 00. 0 150 be innin to ta to he rt what she sai • 0 is a itude hi mother coul not b d . d lthough h aid owar rm1n li tl tt n ion to r th n she s him. n ins n t third ch t r i 1 b s d on h i l con C s h. , ich n 0 0 C ' 0 0 , il 0 0 0 . h ' 0 ' 1 Ot C . 0 , ) . I 0 C 0 r , 0 e 0 0 0 oble 1 . 0 • Child ' ste sex 1 s s cat.e 0 s s , avio (.a) l~ O ossibl ( b) l\ o ~esult aster {a) (b) (c) Irre sibili OJJ, ornness , cru im elty continuing ut in lesser de ee than when laced . Interests · 1 Scouts , ath l etics and story elling activities eloped . Child o feel o foster r.10-cne ...... CJl ...... CHAPT III V.61J.M~ y AND INTERPR T TION The fin ins o the study were drawn from the social case histories o the twenty 'rejected" children from fi OS en amilies, kn n b the Placement Divisions of the Ju enil robation s cia ion o OS ee i r l C t el s. sco er ch 0 t OS i C an r n ent Relie, h OS An 1 S p rt ent, th Children's Pro ec i t i 1 ollo i the Je ish Or h ns' Home o iscuss the t th t to ·nter ret the hav di po nts: (1) t he probl s or re re erre o the a e c es; (2) th ion o e c 11 ren at t e e o p ce en n e s n ac 0 h t r o to ear. D tter o y a ·nth ho ; (3) the ents t he t met c il ren re e C r n be n in h or in hoe r f rral re res nt din able I an of nd rea ons or be II on the ollo in pa es. t ill be note th t fifteen o he re- ferr ls or seventy-five per cent oft e total nwnber ere aa by r epresen tives of the community, i.e., the 01·ce . the school apart ent, clinics, private encies an an 1 3 o ces 0 1 0 0 or 0 I 0 e 154 0 0 15 interested in ividual. This fact would mak it app r that the difficulties were s fficiently marked to have co e to the a tention of outsi ers. The r·ve applications which wer a e rectly b ~ th parents were for h r o en shift n the re pon e C n t nee, h C 0 t 0 s • 0 - C ( 2) ( ) i s ( s· an ( ) t ac 0 e at t e 0 lace nect . h w e enc i i ity O t al h u 0 0 0 ( ) i en en t r o ) c il no 0 ( ( ven a C o n on 0 0 ( ) ) ) . ( i al e or a doc o • elv ch ld n wee der o 0 • I 0 0 ) ( ) ) 0 con- • s e 15 of 0 7 D 0 0 L~ II ( o i e ) 7 ? 1.? lf58 { 0 t ) 0 0 ( 0 1 L II ( o i u ) 0 0 and eight had poo h alth pr ble s th ren were u to no p r o • 1 ss 1 i 0 C C 0 • 0 n o o t fos rls, s er tf 0 0 0 11 150 posture. These ere the most common t were foun. 11 bu one of th chil- al ei ht by the end of the two-year er sour d 0 t five chil ren who e o en • en al car n o h ta c r e • Ano - 0 or C n C 0 i 0 s 0 n C 0 • n C n 0 0 0 0 C n 00 • a co s cu ro 0 no er in e e 1· e e uo i 0 on r 1 n ul r lance chan e ro vera e' a er the to-year per . Th 1 1 reason for th chan e was not given . The chool achi ve ent, which ias oor for en of the ch.ldren, an air for ight, s m rk ly lower than could e be n e pect by the roup on the basis o int llectu 1 ail. y. p ac • s C 00 0 00 0 h ' C b 00 e o rov en C ol st·c 11 In . a ie e 0 n • io n e a e n i thei s no ion 0 0 0 0 0 to C 0 h s C n 0 0 00 con nc • es C ev ent . t 0 0 th chi chool e t et· e of 0 on s ess un h·c s r sul 0 h k 0 0 hol k 00 e C • n 0 e hoo e 0 ac - 0 e n 0 0 00 on 0 r of the c . shoe 0 1 n schoo . t e·r 0 n in ren ha hab·t prob e s a he time of place ent. ~i 1 2 of the children masturbated, ei ht bit th ir nils, seven were markedly untidy about the selves nd their elon ings, ive ha nocturn 1 enuresis and t~o soile he selves i the d y time . O the three children · ho pr s n e e tin robl s, to ex ressed dislike for almo all foo 1 aft n o as o luttonous tat he a e un il n SC re 1 r so • p e s . On 0 , s e • i 1 r ro r e s o no sl y 0 on ro 1 h chil 11 0 0 in 0 o l th slep hey • ho o r t s 1 a ot e ch·l t r t C' in he C '10 S 0 0 on o h or no n· ic 0 on h chi ren h 0 chil e i 0 l.C 1 ro e rb • n r n 0 leas on ot n 0 e 0 h io robe the o plac v 1 e ere e ce sively s; e· ht ook thi s ht n ruthful· en ha em er an s 163 • not belong to them; . cru l; si estructiv and 1 six er • , six ha th h it of runn·n ay. Two an·r sted se proble s. fter o ye rs only lev n ehav ·or p oble s e e no e 0 t e grou of t nty C ·1 r • One oy, 0 ly . w 11 ook tc a as a ar n oin V Y, - ell as n ber o 1 e c es 0 a oa i h 0 0 e p to 0 e 0 n 0 ee 0 0 C e 1 0 ch· • 0 n 0 0 0 0 C O.t. 0 0 C C C 0 oc s 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 , V r·v 0 • 0 a e one OS fr e e e 0 . le t h ch e see 0 e 0 r n at • 0 e a ve perso a y 1 s , ere 164 seventy-the ins the . of place ent . The ere- nces a ime n iv rs nali y as ects inclu hos h. ch r ot nerally ft soc . 11 con er as e e as V e t a i ny of t e oth r en- . iv . ' ho tf t a 0 ' -o ' 00 s e 0 C cc ri s 0 r OS 0 0 0 C 0 0 - , 0 0 . , 0 0 0 0 co 0 0 0 0 C 0 s 0 0 0 00 C 0 or . r s 0 e n r , coo 0 s 0 r SU e fo e 0 n e ce ct· i s n a C e i . nt ts in athl in usic ere u 0 ro s, e C an 165 six of the childr n whil they ere in the foster home. In studyin th ch·l r n's parents, tte pts r made to di so ht r ions o fee ·n co 1 n r o ch·l r n ( • . , n a 0 . s 0 1 • 0 0 0 e 0 ho C b co 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ti u es o rd heir h cl ss I 0 c tions la 0 C 0 S 0 or s er er n other 0 n n r e. , t e e rienc s of s cu it n th o r i to n iz in the child's n the ro le hoe nd 0 e p 0 a a here h n C 0 i e er o b n o c n 6 un e , V OU i s u no in 1 . 0 16? t a is parents no n hlm n h com Sl n to t ao h 0 min h ho • t o 1 ch n 0 0 0 r 0 z 0 thy co liv o t h t 0 0 0 1 0 a • h se 68 to or t th t 1 ict·o no co 0 ( ) "T:"I 0 r 6 11 -- -- r. n 11 30 1 15 1 11 _ , _ ""'l J __.._ 10 -- 50 - - o'ta.ls J. ':.J ~u 19 20 -- 1 5 25 11 63 5 11 15 1 5 5 - - - als 19 20 19 20 - - . . 0 - 3 32 15 orct ~ G ,lJ. .1U G 1 11 5 1 5 5 1 1 5 5 on 1 -- ~ -- -- -- -- -- 80 t-' - - -...J s ~u t::G 20 -l1 0 • •• ... • • • • • - • - - • • - ., - - • • •• • • - .. ' • • • • 0 • . , • •• • • • • • • • • •• • ., 0 .o rl rl ~ • • • • • • • ., ' • • ~ rl - rl 0 • • ,-f Cl) rl 0 [: l?l 172 There were only two inst nces in ich there were health problems of the fathers at the time of the children ' s lacements. The one f ther who had a chronic heat ailment r maine the s e thou hout t e perio studie, ile the on ia nose as 'veronal oisonin" shoe consi era le 1 r ove n, an a n air h 1th at r he o y ars. · h ns th ot er ere in oor ea a he i o r r ive ec se o i ic lties, on b cau e o a c se o zz s e s n o r o n ir hat e 0 0 On o ·c,' o e no e C e n ' to ch' en e 1 no • e 0 0 0 cov r n t e n C 0 tho th oc or ha 0 e io s 1 C 0 0 n n n , 0 C n t C 1 C n t 0 ns. en hos ol e , one h 0 s e e 0 r co - s· ell o e s, a oo he n a rec o n e s e ct o re e ·r h oul o re ss e s onsibility for er fa ily . cept fo one mother ho a cribe as f all of the par nt nc . f 1 . g C , ear 0 p 0 r r co st t n e O C e r . e , e ere s • er consi re 0 about e nothin nth r co r 0 0 C 0 ces he a r e C a o hi school, o h s t a the mother, there ere e even in anc vera e . 1n co e i of . l. r l? ery ull , ' . nt lli- in- s 0 SC 00 0 • 174 duoation; and one ot nursing traini g. Unemployment wa a factor in six instanc sat the time of place et. Of the nine fathers consider d under " il ta ks, there were ailors, mechanics, street- car con ucto, r and c sal en. o oft e fat er C 0 i o a b n oye a im o the plac et o th • 0 o · 0 a 0 occ p n ll t 00 0 pare s y h en o, _ O r; on s n on lo 0 n 0 e et on el· ob. ot ob h- a r er 1 t en ns 0 C • n onl o h • ood econo ic c c t noes. 200 er mont · ' ir, en 60 200, an 'poo , belo 60 H l the ethers resen e roble of adj stment . 1?5 0 rank e cessively, one was icte to 0 ' iv h . inal {incl . viola ions of h cr1. recor s, in C , incitin riots, n e ezzl·n un s) ; on was i 1. Less an one- i 0 t 0 V s ch s· n t 0 n tanc s ot r a 1 a i e h chil e C • One o 0 b C 0 s 0 0 h 0 C b 0 0 • C o h C a C 0 C 0 0 a1· 0 0 j 00 • 0 C 0 0 0 ' ej C 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 s a ion 0 e • a n a 0 h ca th 0 ' as . rol h he other relat r e ass ve n 0 There as evi ence 0 ac isl·ke or he 0 h unc a 0 ' 0 0 r o o ly on o 0 n • t • r ho C l z 1 h t n t s C n 1. y h co i C C C 0 ace n ti a 0 n 0 0 0 0 h s 1?7 sul o h oth r's u 0 n 0 0 0 t h i im o pl cm n co h o h h C n 0 to ress con c l? ? 9 conclu . t b t e ons co C s C on r n 0 s a " • l. - chi C 0 s 0 0 0 • co 0 0 I co 0 C 0 C 0 a 0 ern of b 0 0 C is fir d 1 C ly lie . Or e ch ld o y a ers o e e , o s . I i e o C e 0 0 s , h 0 C C ' 0 0 ' 1 180 • 181 chil ' original hatre or fear of his parent was softened n 0 ifie by his foster ho e e periences . T e parents ' basic reac ions, in the instances her t h C ·1 en h been 'rej ec ed, " rm ine ractically un- ch n e • In so case , t h ren s X res d more in rest n e C ·1 r u at th s t e, hey a numerou C 0 voi tin C • d C ha e e r j 0 co a 0 lac . y th ' 0 0 0 a en an n of 0 0 e 0 t n e e 0 C C 0 t e C cc C 0 0 0 C C h 0 po or e 0 - 0 e 0 0 i r e 0 0 0 - 0 s 0 C 0 0 ecur co C B· h s h C il i e e 0 on b 11~ t of secur t , here ho h t 182 when the c ild was older he would be able to re-enter his home , tak·n an objective attitude to r it , and no loner bein epend nt upon the aff ctional ecurity the are ts wer incap 1 of ovi in . BI LIOGRAPHY Abbott, race, ost r Home Care for Dependent Children. United t ts Department of Labor, Children's Bur au ubl·c tion 136, · as in ton: United States Gov r ent Printin O fice, 1926. 204 • _ ~ C of F y Car for Chil • Unit d St t ub ic tion ent Printin 0 0 art or, Ch ren's Bur au 216. n ton: Unit ~ ates Gov r O ice, 1 6. ? pp. . C 0 Yor: Vi C 236 pp. or, 0 Con 0 0 • ' C are or s • ?O • York: D • io S 0 ril, 19 6. o. Pr s . 0 • Pp. nd 0 8 . ro leton t • • lueck, One Juvenile ar ard Un . s. • s, • pp. Greenacre, Phyllis, "Special Problems in Boarding Home ·vork," The Family, pril, 1935. Pp. 48-53. Healy, illiam, ent 1 Conflict nd Little, Brown and Company, 1920. Healy, illiam an elinquency an University Pre u usta F. ronner, ts Tre tment. e 1936. H ly, illi , u an J. P nt c r Yo h. Yo k. p n , eor , ac ·11an Co cCoy, r ia of n en ii eci 1 Unpu she Cali a,. Lo ic, ion, . 0 Tbursto, enry Col a Uni e ayl s, ar Bu 1 Co on ealth Van Theis, oh a, ciences. e 147. 0 'Pl c · n t, ork: ac 111 • s. Van P ,ers, iri , Yo th in Conflict. F blishin Company, 1926. 293 pp. uct. Boston: p . • 0 0 e or e 185 1 ic 186 e Yor • u lie , Incor , • . l. e 0 0 , • 0 y n ' • ' 0 u Occu 0 • • u nc_ 1 ------------ C reabouts ~ (l) (l) 189 CHEDULE B C. Indi idual Traits e t time of placement ter t 0 y rs Physic 1 rait en T 1 choo dju bi 1 y 1 u 1 --- u io S --- in .....__ __ _ 1 0 0 o 1 ------------------------------- 0 1 ___ c 0 C 0 (0 _______ ) - C 0 ---- C o 1 s C --- --- u 'O 0 e 190 CHED D. amily Situation: t time of placement Date -------- -------- Af er t ye rs D te ------- 1 . ~-r~en~t_s.;._ _______ F~a~t_h~e~r _______ ot_h_e_r ________ t_e.P.P~a_r_n_t_ ty tus cord C 0 d • ibli l. 2 . • C 0 0 o ._ ______________________ _ 191 CHEDULE D II. FOSTER HOME SITU ION 1st F. H. 2nd F.H. 3rd F.H. alee up of fo ter family Standards ethods o t rain,ing Attitude to ard child A titude to ard pa ents III. CLI IC T O u 1 e o lac e t _________________________ _ C 1 din ---- R o enda io s ----- ----- do d ___ o d __ _ cal Ps ic o year

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Asset Metadata

Creator Samuels, Marian (author)

Core Title A study of the effects of foster home placement on a selected number of "rejected" children

School School of Social Work

Degree Master of Science

Degree Program Social Work

Degree Conferral Date 1939-06

Publication Date 06/06/1939

Defense Date 06/06/1939

Publisher University of Southern California (original), University of Southern California. Libraries (digital)

Tag Foster home care -- California -- Los Angeles,OAI-PMH Harvest

Format theses (aat)

Language English

Contributor Digitized in 2022 (provenance)

Advisor McClanahan, Bessie A. (committee chair), Young, Erle F. (committee member)

Permanent Link (DOI) https://doi.org/10.25549/usctheses-oUC112723834

Unique identifier UC112723834

Identifier SO '39 S193 (call number),etd-SamuelsMarian-1939.pdf (filename)

Legacy Identifier etd-SamuelsMarian-1939

Document Type Thesis

Format theses (aat)

Rights Samuels, Marian

Internet Media Type application/pdf

Type texts

Source 20230201-usctheses-microfilm-box6b (batch), University of Southern California (contributing entity), University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses (collection)

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Repository Name University of Southern California Digital Library

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