Dr. Flewelling & the Hoose Library : life and letters of a man and an institution

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Content iX -x* ■ 3 W ■ cn tn tn T* ■ W: ■“?*? ^^£$O£ ®SWW®1 v#wifty cali/smto ^Si ' Dr. Flewelling & The Hoose Library RALPH TYLER FLEWELLING Dr. Flewelling fi3’The Hoose Library Life and Letters of a Man and an Institution ByWallace Nethery with an Address by Heinrich Gomper^ on the part ofthe Gomper^Collection commonly called by that name University of Southern California Press Los Angeles : 19 7 6 Copyright © 1976 byThe University ofSouthern California Printed in the United States ofAmerica CONTENTS Preface page vt Ralph TylerFlewelling ix I. A Clearing in the Forest* 13 II. Spring Planting 17 III. EarlyHarvest* 24 IV. Planning to Grow 28 V. International Affairs 32 VI. OfBooks and Men. 40 VII. WhatsoeverThings Are ofGoodReport* so VIII. Building forthe Future-’ 56 IX. Personalities and Providers 61 X. The Thirties: Beyond Depression. 69 XI. MostlyLetters 74 XII. Mowwwenta and theLaw ofDiminishingReturns 84 XIII. Milestones 91 XIV. Heinrich Gomperz 96 XV. GomperzMinor and GomperzMajor 1 101 XVI. EuropeanPhilosophy, 1700—1850 109 XVII. GomperzMajor 11 132 XVIII. Changes and Continuations 151 XIX. Manuscripts, Incunabula, and a Few Others 156 XX. On theHome Front* 17-2 XXI. TheLengthening ShadowofaLife-’ 179 Bibliography 19° Index I9S PREFACE Apronounced tastefor things bibliothecal isseldom one ofthe more directpas' sions. It usually comes (ifit comes: surely the condition is less common than, say, ordinary bibliophily) as a consequence oflearning rather than nativepro' clivity. But once acquired it can be absorbing indeed;forthose who care about them at all, libraries, like the colleges and universities ofwhich some ofthem are apart, may be among the mostfascinating ofinstitutions. The present institution, where Iwas privileged to workfor nearly twenty years, and whose 40,000 volumes in 1968 werefoundsufficiently interesting to be recorded in Catalog ofthe Hoose Library ofPhilosophy, has a rather exceptional early and middle history. Quite ^exceptionally, ofcourse, events oftheformative years tended to revolve around a single point: in this case the vision, energy,judgment, and talentfor organization ofone man-though the generosity ofSeeley Wintersmith Muddand hisfamilywas crucial, and though such lively personalities as Herbert Wildon Carr, F. C. S. Schiller, Heinrich Gomperz, andB.A. G. Fullerplayed roles that rangedfrom the intriguing to the decisive. The story is attempted here in afairlystraightforwardmanner-if possibly in somewhatgreaterfullness ofdetail and quotation than may bepal' atable to any but the most voracious devourer oflibrary lore. My cordial thanks to Roy L. Kidman, University ofSouthern California Librarian, and to the University,for respectively proposing andgranting the six'month sabbatical leave in the Spring and Summer of1975 during which most ofthe research was accomplished-ifthe pleasant task ofreading other people's mail, examining predecessors' reports, and in general rummaging among the accumulated remains ofhalfa century can be called research. Thanks also to those who have helped in other ways: especially to Helen Azhderian, reference librarian nonpareille, and to Dr. Lewis F. Stieg andProfessors Her' bertL. Searles, Daniel S. Robinson, Arthur Knodel, and WilburLong (who hassavedmefrom many mistakes),fortheirrecollections andpermissions. My vi PREFACE 4 vii ^ wife, whose linguistic acuity and sensitivity to stylistic excess were constant spectres throughout the writing (no doubtshe would heartily disapprove ofthis sentence),proved to be a veritableguardian angel during theprocess ofrevision. As I have indicated, this is mainly an account of the earlier period. But, besides those already mentioned, the names of W.H. Werkmeister (Director of the School of Philosophy, 1954'66), J. Wesley Robb (Acting Director, 1966'67), and Robert N. Beck, John Hospers, and Martin Lean, successive Directors in recent years, should be honoredfor unfailing enthusiasm andsup' portforthe library throughout itssubsequent history. Also, at the risk ofslight' ing others no lessworthy, addthose ofProfessors S. MorrisEngel,KevinRobb, Dallas Willard, Richard C. Dales (History), and Geddes MacGregor. Finally, my thanks to thefollowingforpermission to quotefrom numerous unpublished letters: Brooke Whiting, Department of Special Collections, UCLA (F. C. S. Schiller); Robert G. Fuller (B.A. G. Fuller); Mrs. S. Harrison Thomson (S. Harrison Thomson);Henry T. Mudd (Seeley Winter' smith Mudd, Harvey S. Mudd, Seeley GreenleafMudd); and RalphHunter Flewelling (Ralph TylerFlewelling). W.N. RALPH TYLER FLEWELLING Ina charming volume ofreminiscence completed when he was nearly eighty'nine1 the founder ofthe Hoose Library ofPhilosophy employs a phrase in speaking ofhis father that may well serve as a motto for his own extraordinary career. He tells how theWelsh and staunchly Meth' odist Francis Tyler Flewelling, after briefNew England experiments with penmanship, schoolteaching, and photography, moved to the fairly young state of Michigan where he “purchased a forest and began converting it into a farm.” There near De Witt in a log house (not a cabin) Ralph Tyler was born on November 23,1871. It was the beginning of a life singularly rich in accomplishment-of converting forests into farms. Hisfather’s legacy ofresourcefulness wasimportant, no doubt.Nev' ertheless, the most pervasive influence was clearly that ofhis English' American mother, Mary. Her greatgrandfather was Sir George Po' cock, Grand Admiral oftheBritish fleet at the capture ofIndia; butshe seems not to have inherited any particular martial character. Ralph’s most vivid memories were rather those associated with softness and grace in anear'pioneer setting. Therewere the beautifulsoprano voice; the more than usual regard for books, as indeed befitted a member of theLadies’LibraryAssociation (her husbandwas also a “great reader”); the framed portrait ofEmerson (she had once heard him lecture and named her son after him); the lessons in astronomy on wintry'night bobsled rides; the light'hearted banter at home-once in the midst ofa favorite game of“visitor,” the pastor knocked and wasstartled to hear the gaily'Uttered command, “Come in, lemon, and get squeezed ! She died at the age offorty'Seven, and ever after the minister, philoso' 1 The Forest ofYggdrasill: The Autobiography ofRalph Tyler Flewelling, ed. W. H. Werkmeister, with an Introduction by Wilbur Long (University of Southern California Press, 1962). In Norse mythology, Yggdrasil is the Great Ash Tree thatsymbolizes the universe. ix 4 X ^ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY pher, editor, and librarian in the older and largersense oftheword, was cheered by the conviction that “we can never be cut offfrom the high' estand the best.” The boy’s early education was attended to variously in Michigan village and country schools and by sympathetic tutoring at home. In one town there was a library ofsorts and HalfHours with the Best Au' thors, Pilgrim’s Progress, and Dickens’ Child’sHistory ofEngland became familiars. There was also regular domestic access to Scribner’s Maga' zine and The Youth’s Companion*, and it is significant that young Ralph committed much ofWhittier, Longfellow, Bryant, and Tennyson to memory. Discovery ofEmerson’s Nature when he was fifteen was a landmark in early progress toward philosophy. After high school came college, first at the University ofMichigan, later at Alma College and the Garrett Biblical Institute. There were also student pastorships in out^ofthe^way Michigan places with out/ rageous financial arrangements; followed by graduate study at Boston University under the foremost American personalist Borden Parker Bowne, whom he would always call master; and then several other (this time more substantial and prolonged) Methodist assignments in New England. At Osterville, on Cape Cod, he gave a series ofsome' what literary sermons that later became his first book, Christ and the Dramas ofDoubt: Studies in the Problem ofEvil (1913). Despite dero' gation ofGoethe, it favorably impressed RudolfEucken and led to a pleasantly useful friendship with that German thinker. It wasEucken’s encouragement that was largely responsible for Personalism and the Problems ofPhilosophy (1915), to which he contributed an introductory chapter. Ministry at the historic Harvard Street church in Cambridge meant, among other advantages for the scholarly pastor, proximity toWidener and theBostonPublicLibrary. Along the way he had met and married “BrownBonnet” (otherwise Jane Carlin), gained a son and daughter, and lostsome ofthe more tra' ditional tenets ofhis faith, including the doctrine ofthe virgin birth of RALPH TYLER FLEWELLING 4 xi ^ Christ-though decidedly not that ofthe incarnation.There was never a more steadfast Christian than Ralph Tyler Flewelling; but it was the humanity ofJesus that was central to his mature philosophy and relh gion. Iffor him personality was the one irreducible reality, it was the perfect life ofa man whose earthly origins were identical with our own that provided the key to understanding a universe whose ground is intelligent value-and lent credibility to the promise that all may share in the "‘divinity that shapes our ends.” By 1916, at the age offorty/five, he was ready to begin an essentially new career in education; and a callfromtheyoung and struggling Unix versity of Southern California gave him the opportunity he sought. Seldom has opportunity been more squarely met or more skilfully exploited. Wilbur Long, passing over the very first years of accomo/ dation to new surroundings (part ofone ofwhich was spent with the American Expeditionary Force University in France), sums up the in/ terim result. In 1920, philosophy at the University ofSouthern California comprised one instrue^ tor, a corner ofa shack, and no academic equipment. Precisely ten years later it had become a fulhfledged School, housed in a building ofits own whose beauty ofdesign and thoughtfulness ofdetail have scarcely a rival in kind anywhere; it was publishing its ownjournal; itwasstaffed on permanent appointment with a faculty ofdistinction which included Herbert Wildon Carr from London, F. C. S. Schiller from Oxford, and, later on, Heinrich Gomperz fromVienna; it wasin a position to invite for annual appointment a number ofeminent scholars, including F. A. Hoernle fromJohannes/ burg; and it possessed a special library thatwas well on its way to becoming one ofthe fine collectionsin this country.2 The work/in/progress suggested by Professor Long’s final clause would continue unabated for another decade and a half. While it rep/ resents only one element of a sustained three/pronged attack-or, to return to the earlier metaphor, the clearing and cultivation ofonly one part ofthe forest-it inevitably determines the tone and much ofthe content ofthe sketch that follows. 2 “Introduction,” The Forest ofYggdrasill, p. xvii. A CLEARING IN THE FOREST R alph Tyler Flewelling came to the University of Southern . California in the Fall of 1917 because he thought it would offer an “unsurpassed opportunity.” What he found was almost universal confusion-resulting, it is true, largely from the disruptions ofthe war. (“There were classesfor the draftedmen, resentful ofdiscipline and um able to get down to study; trainees for commissions, advanced stu^ dents, and draftees daily leaving for the front; soliciting for war bonds, Red Cross duties filling the hours ofthe women.”)1 But there was also the uncertain (or at least farTrom^affluent) status ofthe “University” itself; Flewelling was later to admit that he scarcely knew “whether [the] institution would continue or close its doors.” Not that he hadn’t been forewarned. In President Bovard’s letter of October n, 1916, telling ofthe Faculty Committee’s decision to rec^ ommend his appointment, therehadbeena remarkablycandid appraisal ofthe situation, especially as far as the library was concerned. The Committee believes that you have the qualifications which will enable you to make a name for the University. We shall do all that we possibly can to aid you, but it will require patience on your part in some particulars. We may not have all the booksin ourLibrary thatyouwouldlike to have at the beginning. Our appropriation for books annually is not large and yet ifyou need books in order to give a certain course the Universitywill purchase those books. It is not our plan to buy books which are not used by students taking the courses, but we have never failed to get the book or books that were actually needed in order to furnish the collateralreading and the Research work necessary to be done by the students taking the courses offered. It is possible that there is something apocryphal about the story ofthe English faculty’s descending upon Bovard with a request for more books and being summarily dismissed with the question: Have your 1 TheForest ofYggdrasill, p. 62. 13 4 14 £ DR- FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY students read all the books we now have ?”3 Then again, in view ofthe language of the above communication, which is certainly authority tive, perhaps not. In any event, it does appear that the total annual budget for books at the University ofSouthern California at this time was about $1,500; and ifProfessor Flewelling tended to regard the absence ofsomething as merely an opportunity to set about supplying it-and it is clear that he usually did-then herewas opportunityindeed. His own salary wasto be $2,000, with $250 more ifhe taught during the summer session. (“This is a Christian institution and we try to ex' emplify the Christian spirit in all ofour dealings. Thereis greatfreedom given to the heads of departments in planning their courses. We want themto teach and help them to meet their actual expenses by remunera ating themto the very bestofour ability.”)? He had turned downmore lucrative offers before deciding to come here; and he would later re' fuse equally handsome attempts to get him to leave. And ifit is true that he put little stock in money where he himselfwas concerned, it is also true that he thought a lot about money where the “work” was involved. So it is not surprising to learn second'hand from President Bovard,June25,1917, that the newhead ofthe philosophy department was making plans in that direction even before arriving in Los Ange' les. I have not seen the pertinent Flewelling letter, but the President’s reply givessome indication ofits contents. I do not know that I understand the last paragraph ofyour letter. I sincerely hope you are not obligating yourselfto raise any $5000 a yearforthe nextthree yearsifyou come to the University ofSouthern California, unlessitshould be that you raise itfor the University. We are in the midst ofour campaign to raise $1,000,000. and we shall need you on the platform quite often to help us with this great program. I take it, however, that you mean that before you leave Boston, you are to make some provision whereby 1 ‘Introduction/* The Forest ofYggdrasill, p. xv. 3 GeorgeF. Bovard to Flewelling, October n, 1916. Unless otherwise indicated, originals or carbon copies ofthe letters citedin thisstudy are in theHooseLibrary. A CLEARING IN THE FOREST 4 T5 ^ the $50,000. for building and $5000. additional to current expenses yearly forthe next three years, is to be raised. Both funds for building and augmented income for 4‘current exz penses” would be eminently desirable in the years to come. Wilbur Long, who came here as a teaching assistant in 1920 (he was later to complete his graduate study at Harvard and return to be a long-time friend and colleague on the faculty) graphically describes the situation as it then existed. In the first decade ofthe century philosophy had become a tradition on the campus through the personality and teaching ofJames Harmon Hoose, a veteran educator of the Hegelian school who had come to the Southwest from New York State to enjoy his last years in California. Unable to escape the temptation ofanother teaching op' portunity, however, he was soon back in harness with a full load oflecturing. He quickly established himself as the grand old man ofthe institution, hisflowing white hair and beard, as well as the demeanor and classroom manner, marking him the liv' ing embodiment of how a philosopher ought to look and act. When Hoose was forced to retire oncemore, about 1912,JohnHill,who held the chair ofReligion, took over his work and forfive years carried on in the role ofpinch hitter. Finding the bur' den ofa double duty too heavy, however, he asked to be relieved ofit, and in 1917 Flewelling came from NewEngland to build up the Department ofPhilosophy in a manner that befitted a tradition already established. ...by 1920 the college was bursting at the seams and it was necessary to turn what' ever shacks were available into classrooms and faculty offices. One ofthese was a red jerry'built structure which had served as an army mess hall, and after the Armistice had been donated to the University. Standing on ground just south ofthe present Student Union [now the site ofthe Student Activities Center], it housed the depart' ments ofPhilosophy, Psychology, Domestic Science and, later, Engineering, an ar' rangement thatwas more pragmatic thanlogical. Philosophyhereabouts wasscarcely more than a Mark Hopkins and his log: it meant Flewelling, his office, a back room for lectures, and his private library put to the use ofhis students. I recall that during the rainy season the roofleaked, and puddles ofwaterin the hallway outside his office caused mild commotion.4 Nevertheless, 1920 was a hopeful year. Flewelling had come back from his tour ofdutywith the AmericanExpeditionary Force Univerz 4 “Introduction,” TheForest ofYggdrasill,” pp. xiv and xvi. 4 l6 ^ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY sity at Beaune, where he had served withJohn Erskine, Brand Blanshard, and the classical scholar W. R. Agard in the Army’s laudable effort to ease the ordeal ofdemobilization for thousands ofdoughboys by making available certain academic courses ofstudy, including phiz losophy. There in connection with some extra-curricular work at the Sorbonne he had become acquainted with Henri Bergson, one ofthe most influential philosophers ofthe last hundred years, and the association would lead to a short exchange ofletters ofconsiderable interest. He spent many weekends in Paris gathering books, as he says in his autobiography, for a‘'departmental library”-presumably for AEFU,not use,though itwould be surprising ifthe scarcity ofscholarly materials back home was ever very farfromhis thoughts. The first summer after returning to Los Angeles (1919) he gave a seminar in personalism, and it was attended by, among others, a rabbi, a Buddhist priest, a Methodist minister, and Seeley GreenleafMudd. The latter, a thoughtful young man who would shortly be going East to study medicine, had been unhappy with the philosophy he had received at Stanford and elsewhere. But here was something decidedly different; and he brought his father with him to class to find out what was going on. This was Colonel Seeley Wintersmith Mudd, senior member ofthe family whose fortune was to be based largely on discovery and development ofthe ancient copper mines ofCyprus (the veryword Cyprus means copper), and a man with marked educational-philanthropic leanings. Fortunately, he too was enthusiatic about the theistic humanism being expounded at the brashly serious young school just south of West Adams Boulevard. Flewelling’s subsequent dealings with him, his wife Della, and his two sons Seeley Greenleafand Harvey, were to bring much mutual satisfaction and have decisive import for the development ofphilosophy-and the philosophy library-at the University ofSouthern California. RAW ^e> Brand Bl* Annys Un ^ofdoug^ iy> including^ K^wkati ^gsoojoneofi rs» and theasoi ^idcrable inters «fie saysinfa ‘blyforAEFu.K scholarlymatri *(w)kpti ►ng others, a raft ' GreenleafModi >rtly be goingEas losophybebah liething deatt ss to find outwk dor memberofi scovery and devt verywordCyp onal'philanthrof the theistichi# chooljustsouthd dealings with k id Harvey,^ import for the d ary-attheU# SPRING PLANTING n September 16,1920, Flewelling wrote to Mrs. Borden Parker Bowne, whose husband (and his old teacher) had died a decade before, asking whether he might have Professor Bowne’s last dictated article for The Personalist, the quarterly journal of philosophy, relp gion, and literature he had begun publishing at us c only that year. The letter ended on an interesting note: Our new building is coming along very slow and it does not look now as ifwe would be ready for dedication before April orperhaps even at Commencementtime. When the time ofdedication comesI am going to make an effort in connection with the dedication ofthe Hall ofPhilosophy and the Bowne Memorial to getsome ofthe leadingBownemenhere and make quite a time ofit. 4 4 Ournew building”was ofcourse the GeorgeFinleyBovardAdminis^ tration Building,while the 44Hall ofPhilosophy” and the 4<Bowne Me^ morial” were, respectively, rooms on the second and third floors ofthe northwing, to be devoted to philosophy, and the statue ofBowne on the tower-thelattertobejoined byLincoln,Roosevelt,PhillipsBrooks, Bishop Matthew Simpson, John Wesley, Plato, and Cicero. Fleweh ling conducted a considerable correspondence with Mrs. Bowne during this period (much ofit concerning unsuccessful efforts to have Bowne elected to the Hall ofFame) and seldom failed to mention the problems associated with building up the department and the libraryand more especially the progress that was being made. We are going to be well provided for in the new building, in which will be a large memorialroomforDr. Hoose, whichwill contain a special philosophical library. My office and class rooms will be in the same wing, while from the tower a stone effigy of Dr. Bowne will look down upon us. TheDepartment ofPhilosophy is growing, and this yearwe have one sectionwith 150 students. You can seewhatthe possibilities are. We have this year more than 2000 students in Liberal Arts [total University enroll^ ment for 1920^21 was approaching 5,°00] which is more than Murlin [President of 17 4 l8 ^ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY Boston University] can show in spite ofhis much bragging. With the added facilities oflecture and seminarrooms and special library, we ought to be able to do verymuch better work, and to greatly increase the interest in philosophy.1 Occasionally we catch a glimpse ofthe expert fund-raiser at work. Consider this, in a letter ofJuly 20,1921, written shortly after dedication ofthe new Administration Building. I amwritingjust nowto see ifI can secure your cooperation andhelp toward an enterprise I have in mind here. We have made wonderful progress in having one wing ofthis beautiful building dedicated to philosophy. On the third floorwe have a beautifully furnished philosophy Seminar and adjoining it another room which may be used as a stack roomforbooks. I have in my ownmind the eventual development ofa college orschool ofphilosophy here, to be known as the Bowne College ofPhilosophy. The firststep toward itsrealization liesin providing in the seminar and adjoining room a special departmental library. Untilwe do this we are not equipped to be doing the graduate work that needs to be undertaken. I must somehow interest the friends ofphilosophy in the project sufficiently to raise Fifteen thousand dollars to provide the beginnings ofsuch a library. I am wondering ifyou can give me the names ofa few people who might be interested in the project. We have a wonderful opportunity here, as even with the limited facilities we have at hand, we have two hundred and fifty studentsstudying in the department. Thisis sure to be greatly increased this coming year. I do not care, ofcourse, to give circulation to the project ofaBowne School ofPhilosophy until I have itsufficiently near consummation to carry it across. What I have said is, therefore, confidential. For reasons that will shortly become clear, the Bowne School of Philosophy never materialized; but reference to Dr. Hoose in the nextto-last-mentioned letter to Mrs. Bowne suggests that it is time to recapitulate so that the sequence of events may be kept more readily in mind. Since it seems desirable to tell the story as nearly as possible in Professor Flewelling’s own words, it may be well to turn to his autobiographicalsketch for a summary ofthese earliest developments and something ofthe background ofthe drive for the library thatwas now beginning in earnest. 1 Flewelling to Mrs. Borden ParkerBowne,January 6,1921. SPRING PLANTING 4 I9> Duringmyassignment to theArmyEducationalCorpsinEuropefollowingWorld WarI, President George FinleyBovard had written that itwas planned to construct a Hall of Philosophy at the University, dedicated to the memory ofProfessorJames Harmon Hoose... .The plan was dependent upon the hope that Professor Hoose’s students would rally a sufficient interest to carry it through, but the effort did notsue/ ceed.Ageneral administrationbuildingwassubstituted,havingtwowings, onenamed for the late Professor Hoose, the other for the pioneer in education, Thomas Blam chard Stowell. Return from Army service found only the foundations ofthis new building laid; philosophy was, for the time being, relegated to a woodshack that had served as mess hall for Army trainees. With the completion ofthe Administration Building, andwithno adequate collection ofworks on philosophy, PresidentBovard was asked ifthe still unpaid subscriptions for the Hoose Memorial might not be used to purchase books for Philosophy. To intensify interest, it was suggested that the cob lection be called the Hoose Library, but the interest never intensified. The Hoose family sent in the balance oftheir subscription and one former student twentyffive dollars-in all approximately two hundred dollars.2 2 TheForest ofYggdrasill, pp. 11-12. The book is sensitively, even poetically, written. But it is admittedly not always very satisfactory (as the letters of course usually are) for strictly historical purposes. 3 The Forest ofYggdrasill, p. 89. From our point ofview (and frankly from his, too, in later years) “Hoose Library ofPhilosophy” is a regrettable misnomer: by all rights it should be the “Ralph Tyler Flewelling Library of Philosophy.” But what in any case would have been impossible then would at least be very difficult ofaccomplishment now; and Flewelling was apparently resigned to letting the designation stand-however obscure or misleading it actually was, and is. Elsewhere, Flewelling says that “Approximately two hundred vol/ umes from the library ofthe lateJames Harmon Hoose were, accord' ing to common report, in the general library, butno volume ofthat cob lectionhas everstrayed into the library nowcalled by his name.”3 That is not precisely-though it is generally-true. Similarly, writing some fiftyyears after the event, Flewelling’s recollection ofwhatPresb dentBovard told himwhile hewas overseas may be slightly inaccurate -or perhaps momentarily careless phrasing only makes it appear so. A manuscriptJames Harmon Hoose Hall ofPhilosophy: Record ofSubscript tions exists, and itwould seem to indicate that the original campaign for funds went on largely ifnot entirely during December of 1914 and the 4 20 ^ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY firstfewmonths of 1915.4 Surely, at least, Flewellingmusthaveknown ofthe change in plans for building-from a Hoose Memorial Hall of Philosophy to an Administration Building with a Hoosewing-before he leftforEurope about the first ofthe year, 1919. Be that as it may, the fortunes ofthe future library now veersharply away from any overt Hoose considerations, regardless ofdate. In the library there is a copy of a letter from Seeley Wintersmith Mudd to Rufus B. von KleinSmid, fifth president ofthe University of Southern California, which surely provides the basis for Flewelling’s (in that case, advance) announcement to Mrs. Bowne ofSeptember 21, 1922, that “We have assurance now of an endowment ofmore than $40,000, $10,000 ofwhich will be immediately available for the pur^ chase ofthe philosophy library.” It seems to be ofsufficient interest to give here in its entirety. October 14,1922 Dr. Rufus b. von Kleinsmid, president university ofsouthern California los Angeles, California My dear Dr. von Kleinsmid: 1 am enclosing herewith certificatesfor 170 shares of the capital stock ofthe Texas Gulf sulphur company asfollows: c-3279 - 100 shares F- 887 - 50 shares F- 892 - 10 shares F- $93 * 10 shares rhis stock is now sellingfreely on the New York stock Exchange at about $60.00 per share and these shares should yield on sale in the New York market over $10,000. ifthe sale does not yield that amount 1 will be very glad to make good the deficit. This stock is sent in accordance with our discussion of a short time ago-the conditions ofthe gift being asfollows: 4 In September ofthat year the subscribers numbered 384 (not including members ofthe Hoose family), with pledges amounting to £10,801.70. But apparently only £1,901 had actually been received. SPRING PLANTING 4 21 ^ First: That all proceedsfrom the sale ofthis stock are to he put in a special fund to he used solelyforthe purchase ofhooksforthe library ofthe Department ofphilosophy. second: That an effort will he made to secure an endowment offrom $40,000 to $60,000 for the sole benefit ofthe Department ofphilosophy, the incomefrom which is to be devoted largely to the purchasefrom time to time ofbooksfor that Department. Third: That the Board ofTrustees ofthe university ofsouthern California have given their assurance that there will be set aside annually,for additions to the library ofthe D^ partment ofphilosophy, an amount of$1500 to $1800from the income ofsuch an endows ment as may be secured, in accordance with the preceding paragraph, or, ifsuch income is insufficient,from otherfunds ofthe university. ifthe effort to secure the endowment referred to is successful the income therefrom should exceed the amount to be put in the special fund annuallyfor additions to the library but any excess could no doubt be used in other ways to the great advantage ofthe Department. 1 attach especial importance to the support and development ofthe personalist. Trusting that thefruits ofyour work as president ofthe university and Dr. riewellinjfs work as head ofthe Department ofphilosophy will exceed all expectations, 1 am cordiallyyours, s.w. Mudd In November Mr. Mudd would promise to send Flewelling “a full file ofcorrespondence concerning the gift to the Department ofPhb losophy.”5 That complete record has apparently not been preserved in the library; but the letterjust quoted must certainly remain the key item for documenting the origins ofthe philosophy library as such. Professor Flewelling wasted no time in getting the newly^endowed project under way. On October 27,1922, he wrote to RudolfEucken, his German philosopherTriend: I find the state ofphilosophy on the West coast ofAmerica very interesting and lively. Ifeel thatwe are presentedwith the opportunity ofbuilding a great College of Philosophy. We are this year building up a truly adequate library for study here. Do you know ofanyone among your friends who has a considerable philosophy library ofwhich he would care to dispose ? Ifso, we might be ofmutual advantage to each other. 5 November 6,1922. 4 22 ^ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY Eucken replied at length, offering good advice about getting in touch with German second-hand dealers and supplying the names ofsome recently-deceased philosophers, including Dr. Paul Barth, ofLeipzig, whose libraries might be available. And soon Flewelling waswriting to Mr. Mudd to say that “The books are already coming in and it would do your heart good to know how generously [the collection] is being used, especially by one class made up largely of graduate students.”6 In the summer of1923 Flewelling would take a tripEast to “get into the philosophy libraries [ofNew York, Philadelphia, and Boston] and talk to the librarians, and so be enabled to buywith greater discretion.”? But in the meantime he continued to report with growing enthusiasm about what was already being accomplished. Iwish thatyou could be a witnessto the usewhich is being made ofthe newlibrary. Our tables are filled with students most ofthe time now from eight in the morning until six o’clock at night, and I am asking the President to give us more room. Many ofour new treasures have come in and I am sure you will be interested to see them some time soon. We have perhaps 2000 or 3 000 volumes now on the way. By next fall we should have a splendid working library. Already the library is being used by many students outside our department who here find the special things that the Unu versity has never before possessed because they were in our department.8 6 November 8, 1922. He also wrote glowingly to Florence Wheeler ofthe Public Library, Leominster, Mass., an old friend ofministerial days (on January 4, 1923): “We have recently come into a large gift of money, probably the largest endowmentfor a philosophy library that there is anywhere, andjust now I am spending over $12,000 for immediate purchases. This is not for the general library, but just for philosophy alone, and so I am being able to build up a genuine research library. In addition to the immediate expenditure, we shall have $2000 annually for the purchase ofbooks from now until the end oftime.” A few weeks earlier (November 20, 1922) he had told Edgar S. Brightman, of Boston University: “The library will be housed in the splendid new administration building in which we have a beautiful seminar room in addition to the stack room. We are already drawing plans for a new general library which will probably contain a philosophy wing with seminar rooms. We expect to have pretty good physical facilities very soon. All that we lack are the mental ones.” That suggestion ofa philosophy wing in the forthcoming Edward L. Doheny,Jr. Memorial Library (1932) was of course premature; it was soon to be replaced by much more than a suggestion of a far greater development for philosophy-Mudd Memorial Hall itself. The letter was in reply to one from Brightman (November 12,1922) offering “Hearty congratulation on the wealth in which you are rolling.” “When California starts to do anything,” he wrote, “it doesit up brown. I doubt that any department in America has $12,000 for this year. And I am sure that very few indeed have the income of$50,000 at their disposal.” 7 Flewelling to Seeley Wintersmith Mudd, March 1,1923. 8 Flewelling to Seeley WintersmithMudd, May 23,1923. SPRING PLANTING 4 23 > The same letter announced the advancement of Mr. Claude G. Beardslee from a halftime position in the Department to an assistant professorship at $2,400with extrapayforwork in the libraryduring the summer. He willspend his time looking after arrangement and purchase ofbooks, with a view to giving [the collection] the greatestserviceability possible, and will continue to have the library as his special charge. I thinkhe is eminentlyfittedforthistask and I feel that the consent ofthe authoritiesis a greatvictory. III. EARLY HARVEST O n January 5,1924,Wilfrid M. Voynich, the prominent New York dealer, late ofLondon, reported “two very rare and fine bookswhichIbroughtbackrecently fromEurope.” One ofthem,WalterBurley, De vita et moribusphilosophorum (1477), Flewelling couldnot resist, though $250 under existing incunabular conditions must have seemed like a generoussum. He wouldn’t have needed the bookseller’s historical note: “WalterBurley, a celebratedEnglish philosopher, was born in 1275. He studied at Oxford and Paris and became a famous opponent ofDuns Scotus.” But “Not in Copinger” and “Pellechet 3096, cites only one copy in U.S. A.” were no doubt intriguing considerationsfor a new collectorfromthe unsophisticatedWest. And the inters esting “Original pressmark on last bl. leafin gold (quite an unusual feature)” would stick firmly enough in Flewelling’s mind for him to recall itwhen he came to write his memoirsthirty-five years later.1 It is indeed an attractive book, richly printed by Anton Koberger, best known for his great Nuremberg Chronicle', and the Hoose copy is large andwell-preserved. The generously-illuminated initial letter and floral borders at the beginning and the red and blue initials throughout, with their delicate scroll-work, have reminded generations ofstudents that the shift from purely manuscript to mechanical means ofproduction was not nearly so abrupt in the field ofornamentation as it was in the multiplication oftexts. Other (humbler) volumes purchased at about this time include Simplicius ofSilicia, Commentaria in tres librosAristotelis de anima, an Aldine Press book (1527); and Commentaria Divi Thome Aquinatis ordinis pre' 1 Let us be honest. Doubtless his memory wasjogged by reference to Voynich’s blurb, which he had tipped in at the time the volume was received; even as the last sentence of the present paragraph was cribbed from a legend written two or three years ago when the book was being prepared for an exhibit. 24 EARLY HARVEST 425 > dicatorum in libros Perihermenias & Posteriorum Aristotelis (Venice, 1517), with a fine large woodcut, bought from Voynich for $30. Also from 1922 or 1923, and chosen almost at random to suggest the range ofam thors, subjects, sources, and prices ofthe majority ofthe “rare” books being selected during that period: a twowolumeWorks ofGalileo in Italian, from Nijhoff(fifty guilders); Thomas Paine, The Age ofReason (2 vols., London, 1794-95), Bowes, ^9/8/75 St. Augustine, Varii set' moni (Venice, 1558), from Goldschmidt, $2.50;Jacob Bohme, Epistles (London, 1649), Kennard, X2/2; a Latin Lives ofthe Philosophers by DiogenesLaertius, with roughwoodcuts(Venice, 1606), fromPowner for $3; Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerumgestarum libri XVIII (Paris, Ex officina Rob. Stephanus [Estienne], 1544), also furnished by Powner, $12; a not^at^all unpleasing discard from the University ofChicago LL brary, Pierre Belon, Plurimarum singularium & memorabilium rerum in Graecia, Asia... (Antwerp,Plantin, 1589) for $1; a 27/volume Oeuvres of Rousseau (Paris, 1825), $70; an “excessively rare first edition” of Tommaso Campanella, De sensu rerum etmagia libriquatuor(1620),from Voynich again, $40; and, finally, for $7.50, a twowolume collection of the tragedies ofEuripides (Basle, 1551), the first to include the Electra, supplied by Dawson’s Book Shop, ofLos Angeles. By no means all ofthe early acquisitions, however, were ofthe ‘ ‘old, rare, and curious” variety. From the first the library tried hard, within its means, to secure thoseworkadayvolumes-histories, critical texts, essays, treatises—that constitute the main body, ifnot the backbone or crowningglory,ofnearly any academic collection. (The term“special” as applied to the philosophy library has always suggested a horizontal rather than a vertical limitation.) The years 1921^24 saw the publican tion, to mention only a few among scores ofauthors and titles, ofJohn Dewey’s Human Nature and Conduct; Windelband’s Introduction to Phi' losophy; Bernard Bosanquet’s Meeting ofExtremes in ContemporaryPhi' losophy;Ernst Cassirer’s Substance andFunction; HerbertWildonCarr’s Theory ofMonads; Croce's History, Its Theory andPractice; and Ludwig 4 26 ^ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico'Philosophicus; and it goes without say/ ing-or should-that they were all obtained for the library. They were also reviewed in the Personalist, many ofthem by Flewelling himself. “We have rarely read so gripping a book as Croce’s History,”^ he wrote; while he was rather repelled than gripped by another work which would nevertheless prove to be immensely (Flewelling would have said ominously) influential. “[In Tractatus Logico^Philosophicus Wittgenstein] dallieswithwords in ahopeless non sequiturfashion. One wonderswhyheneglectsto applytohimselfhis ownstatement: Tveryz thing that can be thought at all can be thought clearly. Everything that can be said can be said clearly.’ ”3 In this connection, and especially asitservesto introducewhatwould be an important resource upon which to draw in the future, here is a memorandum from Florence Blackburn, acting for Charlotte M. Brown, the University Librarian, to Miss Fitch ofthe Hoose Library.4 We are now adding the eight books you turned in some time ago as gifts from Dr. Flewelling to be applied onhis contribution to the Hoose library in honor ofhis wife. As he objects very seriously to the notes being erased, Miss Brown would like to have the collection put on a separate shelffromregularlibrary books, although these are to be accessioned and treated in the usual manner. We are leaving out the plates at this time, until the ones are ready which are to bear the name ofMrs. Flewelling. The list follows, and Ishall try to keep themall togetherthrough the entire process, so that they will reach you in a group: Bosanquet -Essentials oflogic Burns - The contact betweenminds Fowler - History ofancient Greekliterature Hardman - The ideals ofasceticism Jones - Faith thatinquires Keynes - Atreatise onprobability Santayana - Skepticismand animalfaith Sheldon - The strife ofsystems andproductive duality 2IV (1923), 62. 3IV (1923), 207. 4 November 25,1924. EARLY HARVEST 4 27 ^ The “contribution... in honor of his wife” of course refers to the jusubeginningJane Carlin Flewelling Collection, which over the years would consist in large part, though not entirely (there were some ouu standing rarities aswell), ofFlewelling’s Perso^fcfreview copies.These were often indeed considerably marked up, and occasionally a book would come to the library with an entire critique written out in Fle^ welling’s neat hand as a kind ofend-paper appendix. IV. PLANNING TO GROW P rofessor Flewelling was no doubt pleased to receive the fob lowing from his patron, written December 9,1924. Dear Dr. Flewelling; 1 was very much gratified when my son Harvey related a conversation with one ofhis old friends, a graduate of occidental who has hept in touch with affairs at occidental since his graduation and knows a good many ofthe teachers and professors there. Thisfriend of my sons did not know that 1 was interested in your library; his statement was about as follows: “ml cruthers [sic], who is a teacher ofBible History or Bible study at Occident tai, said the library on philosophy at the university ofsouthern California was betterfor the studies in which he was engaged than either the library at Harvard or Pennsylvania. He was also enthusiastic with regard to the work being done in philosophy at the univer' sity ofsouthern California.” 1 want to congratulate you on your success in the choice of the library which you have gotten together. Apparently you have been very wise in yourselections. 1 want to congratU' late you too on the character of work which is apparently being done under you. it is a source ofgratification to have had even a small hand in helpingyou. cordially yours S. w. Mudd Flewelling’s reply1 was very characteristic in itsskilfulmixing ofsem timent and information. Dear Mr. Mudd: Your letter concerning the opinion ofDr. Carruthers on the Hoose Library is very inter' esting. 1 am glad that hefeels as he does though 1 am so conscious ofthe things needing to be done to really make our Library workable that 1 at times get discouraged over it. 1 do wish that you could come out and see how well the Trustees have taken hold ofthe matter and 1 would be happy if your son Harvey should come along with you. you have not begun, 1 ’December 22,1924. PLANNING TO GROW 4 29 ^ am sure, to realize how much your gift has (lone for me and for the university at large, just that has happened which 1 predicted at the time. Miss Brown, the Librarian, and some other members ofthe Facultyfelt me to be rather selfish in securing so large a giftfor philosophy instead offor the General Library. During most of my time here the appor' tionmentfor boohsfor the General Library has been between one and two thousand dollars. 1 told them at the time that 1 could not havefrom two to three thousand dollars put into the Library ofphilosophy and the budgetfor the General Library remain on the same basis. Last year the General Library purchased more thanfifty thousand dollars worth ofboohs so your benefaction has gonefarther than perhaps you anticipated. 1 was very grateful to seeley, junior,for his call [he was studying medicine at Harvard andwas apparentlyhome on vacation] when 1 realized that his time in los Angeles wasso short andfully occupied. 1 count hisfriendship a very high honor. Yours sincerely, Ralph Tyler Flewelling So it is not surprising, a month later, to find Flewelling reporting to an old personalist friend in the East3 that he has “recently secured am other gift to the Hoose Library” and is “looking forward now with a good deal of assurance toward the completion of our four hundred thousand dollar fund which would give us a special building to house ournew library and for seminar and classrooms.” But these are largely mattersfor the future; and first we should take a glance backward, and also a little forward, to notice a few details ofthe Library’s operation in its earliest years. Formal reports, at least those that have been preserved, begin with January, 1924. At first they were prepared by Professor Flewelling’s secretary to be submitted to Charlotte Brown, the University Librar/ ian, and consisted solely ofcirculation statistics (359 inJanuary, 136 in April, 225 inJune) plus an accounting offines collected (ninety/seven cents in April, twenty/five in May). But in September the library ac/ quiredaLibrarian (notthatitdidn’talreadyhavea remarkableDirector). 2 A. C. Knudson, Cambridge, Mass.,January 29,1925. 4 30 ^ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY Eva L. Fitch began her academic career at the State University of Iowa, where she majored in classical languages. Her professional Ip brary training was received at the University ofIllinois. After teaching Latin in the secondary schools for a time, she worked as a cataloguer successively in the libraries ofDrake University, the University ofMis^ souri, and Iowa. Then she came to us c and was shortly appointed Lp brarian ofthe Hoose Library ofPhilosophy. She made her first report at the end ofSeptember, 1924. During the summer Room h 3 02 was fitted up as a study room for students. New adjustable shelving from the Library Bureau was set up in this room arranged espe^ daily for oversized books and the collateral reading. Four new tables were placed in the room and a desk was set aside for the use ofa graduate student. Reference books easily accessible to students are shelved in the study room. The shelves ofone steel section were adjusted to form a magazine rack, giving a good display for magazines and allowing for new additionsto the collection. There are four thousand and one hundred forty eight volumes in the Hoose Lp brary ofPhilosophy. In November Miss Fitch took note oftwo interesting acquisitions, both from Dawson’s. One was a manuscript, the Summa naturalium of Albertus Magnus (more on this later-here it may suffice to mention that Flewelling took to the lecture platform to raise funds for its pup chase); the other, a threewolume modern edition ofLucretius,De rerum natura, by G. Wakefield, handsomely printed by A. Hamilton (Lorn don, 1796). Among December’s 101 catalogued books were several of Thomas Taylor’s miscellanies, as well as his translations of certain of the works ofAristotle and Plotinus. TheJanuary, 1925, reportshows the addition ofLa Serna Santander, Dictionnaire bibliographique (3 vols., 1805^07), and a collected edition of Kant. “The Jennie [i.e., Jane] Carlin Flewelling collection now com sists oftwenty seven volumes. Some ofthese books are out ofprint and are difficult to obtain.” In February came some greatly appreciated vis^ ual adornments: three beautiful vases, a loan fromPresident von Kleim PLANNING TO GROW <30 Smid’s collection ofChinese porcelains; and a portait ofBordenParker Bowne, the gift ofMrs. Bowne. March and April saw the installation of the monumental Jacques^Paul Migne, Patrologiae cursus completus (378 vols., beautifully bound in half4eather)3 and the Acta sanctorum (65 vols.); as also the receipt ofthe 1740 Dictionaire [sic] historique et cri' tique ofPierre Bayle (4 vols.), together with the four supplementary volumes of Chauffepie (175 0^5 6). Later, the editions of 1702 and 173 0 would be added. During July of 1925 the librarian prepared three lists for Dr. Fle/ welling’s guidance on a projected book^buying trip to Europe. “One list of 16 pages includes out ofprint books, another, consisting of 23 pages, is ofbooks on Personalism. The third list includes books on varp ous subjects.” Whichbrings us back to Flewelling, Mudd, and the largz erstrategies. 3 For a delightful essay on this collection ofthe Church Fathers, sine qua non ofany historical, theological, or philosophical library, see Geddes MacGregor, “The Making of Migne, Coranto, IX, No. 2 (1974), 3-7. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS T he year 1925 opened auspiciously for use philosophy and the philosophy library, and with the coming of Spring there was much excitement concerning, among other things, a projected trip to the Orient where Flewelling had been invited to lecture at several uni' versities in China andJapan. He always passionately felt that personal' ism was, or at least should be, a worldwide movement; as the years passed he came more and more to see it as a great unifying force capa' ble of bringing together men of good will everywhere. As far as his own travels were concerned, the dream was interrupted-it would be resumed and partially realized a decade later-mainly because ofthe “confused state ofaffairs in China,” but also in order to conserve funds for the other and perhaps (who knows?) better part of his sabbatical plan: an acquisitive tour ofthe educational and book centers ofEurope. I hope to make an early trip to the university centers ofScotland and particularly Edinburgh and Glasgowand then after the colderweather comes, Iwill plan to spend some time in Paris and perhaps get down toRome for Christmas. Afterthat I hope to get into Germany, Austria, Czecho'Slovakia and Poland. The Russian trip seems at the present too risky. I had a telegram from President Gowdy ofFoochow a day or. two after our conference in which he urged me to go to China this fall saying that in hisjudgment things would be back to normal by the time I got there but I think it is too doubtful under all the circumstancesto run the risk. While itlooks nowasifthere would never be another opportunity offering itselffor me to go to the Orient, yet if that Supreme Providence which orders all things shall have need ofme there I have no doubt the opportunity will somehow come. There is a lot that can be done inEu' rope and quite enough to occupy my time and attention through the whole year.1 He planned to go immediately to Oxford for a few weeks’ work at the Bodleian on a new book ofhis own (CreativePersonality, 1926) and it [was] well that thisshould come first because the knowledge gained 1 Flewelling to Seeley Wintersmith Mudd,July 14,1925. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 4 33 > there [would] be helpful to [him] in [his] purchase of books.” True, there was disappointment overfinances. Mr. Mudd, who knew some' thing about “demandsfrommany sides,” wrote onJuly 17: I note your decision in connection with your vacation and it may be best. I am sorry that the University does not feel that they can take on the entire expense ofyour trip but after all they are doing, as you say, a good deal and the demands from many sides are no doubt insistent. I hope you may accomplish all ormore than youhope and that things may go well here while you are gone so that your field may be enlarged and improvedratherthan otherwise.We neverknowwhat effectsuchtemporarychanges may have, sometimes they are tremendously helpful. I hope it may be so in this case. Youwill have a rare opportunityon the otherside and I knowyouwillmake the most ofitfor yourselfand for the University as well. Still another difficulty arose; but this had more to do with philoso^ phy than with money. In 1918 Flewelling had published a little book that was, to say the least, critical ofGoethe and Nietzsche, and blamed much ofthe sorrow ofthe time on the Germans’ too uncritical accept^ ance ofthe Superman concept. The trouble really lay in the fact thatso many ofthe great German philosophers ofthe past had never been per^ sonalists in his sense ofthe word (though it should be noted that in his article on “Personalism” in Runes’s Dictionary ofPhilosophy he specific cally placed Leibniz among the elect-as also Lotze, a posuKantian ide^ alist who wasin factBowne’s teacher). One need not be unappreciative ofthe great work ofKant, Fichte, and Hegel, to rec^ ognize their failure to connect with the vital problems ofhuman beings. The reason forthis has been that persons have seemed to them ofrelatively littlemoment, and the development ofpersonality ofthe sacrificial kind as a weakness. Thisis no new tale of discovery. It has been clearto the best thinkers ofGermany for a long time. I shall not soon forget a conversation with one ofthe greatest ofGerman thinkers. It occurred just before the outbreak ofthe war. With grave face and tones ofgreat earnestness he described the low state of religion in his country, and declared that an American could notrealize the depth ofthe religious problem that wasfacing them.2 Thiswas his old friendRudolfEucken. Andnowcame ablowfrom ^ Philosophy and the War (New York and Cincinnati, 1918), pp. 33-34. 4 34 J DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY that unexpected quarter, written in German but presented here in the translation accompanying the original in the library. Jena 2717 25 Dear professor Flewelling! Above all isend you best wishesforthe beautiful world'journey which is ahead ofyou, now many important and valuable impressions and experiences you will have gained by it and how great will also your academic activity befurthered by it. you will receive by it an immediate impression ofthe whole cultural life ofthe present. At the same time I can not withhold from you that individual German periodicals brought the news that you during the war committed yourselfin an especially unfriendly manner about Germany. I hope this was due to a misunderstanding but this misunder' standing could easily do damage to afriendly reception in Germany and I consider myself obligated to call these reports to your attention, i cannot imagine, in view ofour personal experiences, that you have a special antipathy against Germany so let us hope that we shall see one another infriendly spirit in Germany and injena. withfriendly greetings and with best wishesfor the beautiful journey, Yours, RudolfEucken Flewelling, who often appeared to find as much pleasure in the attacks ofhis “enemies” as he did in the approbation ofhis friends-later he was to be almost inordinately proud ofsome Soviet aspersions on him and his philosophy-took the disappointment “philosophically,” though hewassorry about its implications for the library.‘4 IfGermany can get along without the love and respect ofthe rest ofthe world,” he told Mr. Mudd, “the rest ofthe world can possibly worry along without her.”3 Ofcourse Flewelling’s assault on German philosophy in his 1918 book (it was written in 1917) should be considered in the context ofthe pervasiveBritish propagandawhich had persuadedmostAmericans that German soldierswerewantonkillers ofbabies,rapers ofwomen, etc. It didn’t entirely (notwithstanding this rather flippant later remark) represent his more mature and soberjudgment. But in any case, 3 August 12,1925. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 4 35 > and despite Mudd’s feeling that he was perhapsreading too much into Eucken’s letter, hewould by-pass Germany for the time being and com centrate his book'collecting attention elsewhere. Meanwhile, another project had been unqualifiedly successful. On April 24, he hadwritten: We were delighted beyond measure the other day to receive a letter from Wildon Carr saying that he would come to the University for the first semester ofnext year and perhaps for the whole year. He seemed delighted to come and declared that he felt much honored. His coming will be a great thing for our Department as he is an internationally known man and has been for some time the President [actually, the Secretary] ofthe Aristotelian Society ofEnglands Herbert Wildon Carr, who entered philosophy as a profession (at the University ofLondon) after a successful career in business, became known as an outstanding interpreter ofLeibniz and Bergson; and, es' pecially during his American period, as the exponent of an idealism that was at least not antithetical to Flewelling’s own (he wrote a sym' pathetic introduction to CreativePersonality). Parts ofsome ofhis more interesting letters to Flewelling were published by the recipient in the Personalist,5 and in passing I cannot forgo repeating part of one para' graph (written July 12, 1926) for what Professor Flewelling calls its “pleasing reference to Bergson”-equally pleasing, no doubt, for its reference to a certain philosophicaljournal and to still another philoso' pher as well.6 4 Flewelling to Seeley Wintersmith Mudd. The correspondence existing in the library does not so reveal, but elsewhere Flewelling makes it plain that Mr. Mudd’s sponsorship “was behind the invitation to our faculty of Herbert Wildon Carr, from London University, the suggestion of an interim occupant during my absence having been met by President von KleinSmid with the advice: ‘Let us think big’ ” (The Forest ofYggdrasill, p. 113). 5 “Herbert Wildon Carr, Christian Stoic,” XXXVII (1956), 117-27. 6 “Bergson and Flewelling” would make a quite respectable title for an essay (indeed Prof. Daniel S. Robinson hasjust [September, 1975] completed such an article for a forthcoming isI havejustmade a hasty visitto Paris, going one day and returning the next,in order to see Bergson. I found him reading the last number ofthe Personalist which hadjust arrived, and he had very pleasant recollections ofyour visit to him before or during 4 30 DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY [it was immediately after] the war. Ispent a couple ofhours talking over philosophi' cal questions. He is very crippled with rheumatism, has swellings in thejoints ofhis hands and feet and was generally very cheerful. My principal object in going was to see what chance there was ofanother book. I find he has put aside the work he had been doing in order to concentrate on the ethical problem. He said, in his delightful way, he has neverwritten a book until the book is finished, meaning ofcourse that all thework in hand is at the mercy ofthe coming ofa newidea. But more in line with our present interest is the Carr letter ofApril 27, 1925, with its inevitable queries from one setting out for the first time for the rude West: Have you residential colleges or hostels for professors and their wives, or is my best plan to settle in a residential hotel as near as possible to the university? Ishould also like to know the number ofstudentsI amlikely to have, and also, what is very important, whether I can avail myselfofyourlibraries and to what extent you would advise me to provide myselfwith my own books. Flewelling’sreply is not available, butit isfairly certain that hewas hap^ py to allay theprofessor’s fears on thelatterscore. On October 15, Carr would write (he was now at use, while Flewelling was in England): sue of Coranto). What more is said here on the subject, however, must be confined to a note: unfortunately, it is extremely peripheral to the main theme ofthis study (though perhaps the presence ofsome autographed copies ofBergson’s works in the library may be adduced as a kind ofjustification for at least this scanty treatment). Bergson, who was the chairman ofFlewelling s committee ofstudy at the Sorbonne in 1919, responded courteously ifnot without poignancy to the courageous (one might almost say rash) critique which was Flewelling’s preoccupation at the moment. The thesis was published in 1920 as Bergson and Personal Realism, but later, after conversations with Carr, Flewelling would revise his unfavorable estimation. From the sheaf of correspondence in the library only a few sentences from two letters, one from Bergson before and one from Flewelling after his conversion, can be quoted. OnApril24, I9I9> Bergson wrote: “I intended to submit to a thorough examination the essay which you kindly sent to me. Up to now, unfortunately, I have only been able to cast a superficial glance overit. As far as I canjudge,it is a careful andprecise criticism ofmy work. Ofcourse the criticism is, from beginning to end, relative to a certain point ofview (the point ofview of “personalism ), and also to a definite method (the method ofaccepting, as ifthey were final, the ordinary ready-made concepts).” Flewelling seems never to have minded (or noticed?) the rather devastating comment on his method. This from him in 1932 (April 16): “For a long time I have felt the desire to write you a letter of appreciation for your work. You will remember that when I was enrolled at the Sorbonne I wrote a very critical thesis on your work. I shall never forget the sportsmanlike manner, as well as the silence, in which you received my criticism. As the years have gone by, I have come to realize that many ofthese points were not well taken, and my own philosophical viewpoint has approached closer and closer to your own.” INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS < 37 > I am afraid you may be experiencing the discomforts of our climate while Mrs. Carr and I are enjoying the sunshine and blue skies and flowers to the full. I am quite settled to work and yourstaffand yourstudents are making life delightfully pleasant to me. I am making full use ofyour library, and also I am feeling very comfortably at home at this excellent [University] club. While he was abroad Flewelling continued to receive long and in/ teresting letters from Seeley Wintersmith Mudd-for example, one written on the 24th ofAugust to settle the matter ofbookplates to be inserted in the volumes that were special gifts ofthe Mudd family (“If itmakes no difference to you, I believe itwould be betterto use Seeley’s name [Seeley G.] than mine”), and one on December 8 commenting on other affairs that must have seemed equally pertinent. I amvery glad thatyou are meeting some success in picking up books and have found some things that you have been trying to get forseveral years. I can imagine that the opportunity ofselecting things from the library ofProfessor Walter Scott and Pro fessorMcTaggart was appreciated. I do not knowanything about eithermanbut you speak ofProfessor Scott as being a very great scholar and he must have had a lot of thingsthat youwanted.The name itselfis interesting. I wonderifhe is a descendant of the novelist. I like to think ofthe good blood strains continuing through the general tions. I have not sent my check to the University ofSouthern California yet but will do so about the first ofthe year. I assume that you have been supplied with the necessary funds through the University up to the present, as I have not heard fromthem asking me forthe money I promised. On February 10 there was anotherletter to Flewelling, now in Paris, written in much the same vein; and then, on March 27, 1926, the last oneMuddwas ever to send to thewandering scholar (most oftheir cor^ respondence, ofcourse,had beenmerelyto^andffro acrosstown) whose concernshadbeen so nearly identicalwithatleast a smallpartofhis own civic and educationalinterests-itis wellknown thathe also contributed generously to the Claremont colleges, the California Institute ofTech/ nology, the Good Samaritan Hospital, the Los Angeles Y.M.C.A., etc. Shortly afterward (May 21), Seeley,Jr. would write to say that his father wasseriously ill; and soon after that, Seeley WintersmithMudd 4 3§ ^ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY would be dead. It seems appropriate to give the elder Mudd’s final let* ter here very nearly in full. My dear Dr. Flewelling: i was very glad to receive yours ofthe 4th, which 1 have read with interest, seeley writes me that he has received a letterfrom you recently, also. 1 knew that Dr. carr was to he with u.s. c. next year, and 1 hope it will he indefinite, ly. it is very gratifying indeed, rhe addition ofsuch men to our community means much and each one, 1 think, adds to the ease with which others may he induced to come. 1 can well understand that you will enjoy Dr. carr immensely. 1 have not met him hut in speaking to Dr. e. c. Moore [ofthe University ofCalifornia, Southern Branch: not yet ucla] a few days ago, he made a remark to the effect that any country that could produce two such individuals as Dr. and Mrs. carr was a great country. He is enthusiastic with regard to her as well as to him. Dr. Moore has two distinguished Englishmen here now, and Dr. Millikan [ofthe California Institute ofTechnology] expects to have Einstein within afew months, it is very gratifying. 1, too, was particularly pleased at Dr. carr’s reference to the students here. The green hills are alwaysfar away; 1 had always thought ofEnglish preparation in the colleges as being especially good, hut 1 did not anticipate that Dr. carr would say that the los Ange, les students were superior on the whole to his English students. 1 am very glad that Macmillan company have accepted your “creative personality.” They are good people, and 1 imagine you would prefer to have them publish your books rather than most publishing houses, and 1 hope that the book will have an excellent recep, tion and will do much good. it is good that you had so much attention at oxford and had such an opportunity of seeing things there and getting an idea ofhow they do it in England. 1 have the pleasantest memories ofoxford and Cambridge but, ofcourse, 1 spent little time there. 1 hope you may get the books which you desirefrom Prof. Barthas library and that you may also get in Italy what you are lookingfor. 1 thank youfor sending the volume on the libraries ofoxford, it has not yet arrived, but 1 am sure 1 will enjoy it.... sincerely yours, s.w. Mudd INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 4 39 > Later, Flewelling would publicly state, and it is obvious that the words came from his heart: The terrible news ofMr. Mudd’s passing reached me in Europe where I was, bent upon a mission upon which he had sent me-that ofgetting books for a great philo^ sophical library. And the news was overwhelming, not only because ofits connection with that task on which I was sent, but because in the work oflife he had proved a friend ofthe rarest order, and it would be impossible for me to express with any sense ofadequateness...myownpersonalfeelingin [his] passing... .7 'Jin Memory of Seeley Wintersmith Mudd: First Congregational Church, Los Angeles, California, November the Twenty-first, 1926, p. xx. Other participants in the memorial service were: Dr. Ernest C. Moore, Director, University ofCalifornia, Southern Branch; Dr. Robert A. Millikan, Chairman, Executive Council, California Institute ofTechnology; Dr.James A. Blaisdell, President, Pomona College; and Dr. Loyd C. Douglas, Pastor, First Congregational Church, Los Angeles. vi. r OF BOOKS AND MEN ^ Jk I f Ralph Tyler Flewelling had been forced to select a single volume of^ against a protracted stay on a desert island-or, more realistically fall and less tritely, for an extended weekend at his cabin in the San Gabriel to b Mountains-he might well have chosen the Consolation ofPhilosophy. “This The author ofthat famous work, Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, seven was born in a.d. 480-early (or late) enough to be seen, in the long centui view ofthe philosopher, as indeed not the first, but the first modern, p personalist. tears ( He had none ofthat apologetic for existence which characterized Plotinus when he lasjlis said he was ashamed that he had a body, nor, on the contrary, ofthe modern natural istic philosophers who are ashamed to admit that they have souls. Whatever was hu- ■ man seemed valuable to Boethius. Modern scientific Materialismhad not made its im M roads on thought. He did not dream ofmeasuring men against mountains ofmatter, nor even sidereal universes, and then ofproclaiming the insignificance ofman. One man could, in the integrity ofhis personality, hoping nothing, fearing nothing, stand ■ up triumphant over Nature and selfand the physical power ofevil men, because the springs oftriumph orfailurewere onlywithin.1 M Boethius’ last and most personal bookwas writtenwhile he was awaits loohe ing martyrdom at the hands ofTheodoric, whose greatest benefactor ®iw he had been; and its spirit ofquiet resignation and steadfast regard for the verities made it extremely popular throughout the Middle Ages. It Hi was a favorite ofBoccaccio and Chaucer; no university student could escape it, and no gentleman’s library could be without it. ^ Consequently the concern expressed in a letter from Los Angeles to metapl Edouard Champion, Editeur Librairie Ancienne Honore Champion, lytip Paris, France, written April 17,1926: “1 Boethius-Consolation, listed on bill dated Feb. 4,1926, has not been received. We wish to know if 3^ Wand 1 Ralph Tyler Flewelling, “Boethius: The Bridge from Ancient to Modern Culture,” The author Personalist, XIV (1933), 161. 40 OF BOOKS AND MEN <40 this book is to be sent later or ifDr. Flewelling will bring itwithhim.” Thiswould almost certainlyhave been theLatinDe consolatione,written and delicately illuminated in Southern France in the thirteenth century and boughtfrom Champion for i,43 0 fr. Itwas accessioned in October ofthat year, so Dr. Flewelling must have brought it ‘with him,” as in/ deed he might well have been expected to do. The book seems always to have affected him powerfully. Near the end of his life he wrote: “This vellum manuscript has drifted with the flotsam and jetsam of seven centuries ofhistory, but represents a moving force for fourteen centuries ofEuropean life.3 3 The Forest ofYggdrasill, p. 86. 3 Wilbur Long’s unpublished Harvard dissertation (1925), The Philosophy ofCharles Renouvier and Its Influence on WilliamJames, is still one ofthe most authoritative interpretations ofan author whose life and work represent an agreeable connection between the greatest of“Golden Age” American philosophers and the humanistic doctrine that was being expanded at use. Another passage in Flewelling’s volume ofrecollection (pp. 93/94) bears directly on the anxious query from his library back home which hasjust been touched upon. It was a morning habit in Paris to read all the book catalogues as they came in the morning mail. We had long been anxious to secure as many as possible ofthe works ofCharles BernardRenouvier, the French personalist and teacher ofWilliamJames3 and had acquired notmore than three or four. One morning there appeared a... cata/ logue offering a Renouvier collection ofseventy^seven volumes, including a com/ plete file ofthejournal he edited. Rushing into the street for the nearest taxi, we hur/ ried to that bookshop in the Latin Quarter. I had picked up but one book ofthe lot when the telephone rang, and a prospective customer sought to reserve the lot. The bookseller asked ifI desired it, and the immediate answerwas Yes. By amatter ofsec/ onds we had come into possession ofa complete Renouvier, with the possible excep/ tion ofa single volume. And now the librarian in Los Angeles was wondering about some of the items in that collection as well. We received on Jan. 27,1926, 8 volumes ofRenouvier, namely Les dilemmes de metaphysique, Histoire et solution des problemes metaphysiques, Philosophic ana/ lytique de 1’histoire, Introduction a la philosophic analytique de 1’histoire, Renouvier 4 42 ^ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY & Pratt, La nouvelle monadologie. In an earlier shipment we received 32 volumes of Critiquephilosophique and March9-10,we received 32 volumes ofRenouvierwhich had been bound, making altogether 67 volumes. The bill dated Nov. 17,1925, states that therewere to be 77 volumes ofRenouvier. Is this a typographical error or are you holding 10 more volumesto be sent later ? But this represents only a minor annoyance arising from the fact that the book hunter was six thousand miles away from the library he was seeking to provide for. There were inestimable advantages, and, for the most part, the books were coming in quite satisfactorily indeed. In 1926 these included, among scores of others equally representative, George Berkeley’s Alciphron: or, the Minute Philosopher (London, 1732), written in Rhode Island while the greatest oftheBritish idealists waited in vain for the arrival offunds with which to establish a college in the West Indies; the letters ofAntoine Arnauld (8 vols., 1727); the Oeuvres ofCondillac (23 vols., 1798); andDuCange, Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis (10 vols., 1883-87). Also, in October, from Champion via the PierpontMorganLibrary in NewYork, came CorneliusJansen, Tetrateuchus, sive, Commentarius in sanctaJesu Christi evangelia (1688). The later as well as the earlier and more significant provenance ofthis item is interesting and a little puzzling. A letter to the Hoose librarian4 from the almost legendary Belle da Costa Greene, Director ofthe Morgan Library, reads: Following a letter which I have received from M. Honore Champion, 5 Quai Malaquais, Paris vie, France, I am forwarding to you by prepaid and insured express to' day, the following volume: Jansenius, examplare [sic] ayant appartenu a Charlotte Corday, avec sa signature. Will you be good enough to acknowledge receipt ofthis volume to me, at the above address, and to M. Champion, at Paris ? Presumably the dealer had sent the volume to New York by mistake and this merely represented a forwarding of the parcel to its proper destination. As for the reputed former ownership: the boldly elegant De Corday” on the title page is “la signature verifiee” ofthe murder4December 31, 1925. OF BOOKS AND MEN 4 43 > ess ofMarat-orso at least according to a handwritten note found else' where in the volume. No further attempt at authentication has been undertaken here. It must be remarked, however, that Professor Flewelling was some' times a little careless where association copies were concerned. He was always very proud ofa Life ofHobbes by Richard Blackburne, Magni philosophi Thomae Hobbes (1682), which he picked up in London and which was said to have belonged to Voltaire and to carry his autO' graph notes on a flyleaf. But this may certainly be doubted.5 Further' more, the little book lacks Abraham Cowley’s fine (printed) lines which occur in the 1681 edition, hailing Hobbes as “Thou great Co' lumbus ofthe golden Lands ofnew Philosophies”-thus even disquali' fying it as a very small and late item of“American interest.” WithFlewelling back inLos Angelesin the Fall of1926 after his peri' patetic year inEurope, largely on behalfofthe library, it is time to turn to another matter-or circumstance, or personality-which would not bewithoutits bibliothecalimplicationsbutwhichwouldhave its great' est impactin the othertwo large areas ofhis activity: thePersonalist and the Department (later School) ofPhilosophy itself. Flewelling tells de' lightfully ofhis first meeting with Ferdinand Canning Scott Schiller in an essay written some dozen years after the event. I shall never forget standing in front ofhis chambers at Corpus Christi College, Ox' ford, vainly knocking on the door when a gentle voice behind me inquired, “Could you by any chance be looking for me ?” I was quite taken back, I do not know why, save that I had for many years, since as a youth devouring his Riddles ofthe Sphinx, followed all his writingmostmeticulously; had watched the flash ofhis philosophical sword and somehowthe voice did notseemto fit the devouringflame forwhich I was looking. When later I proposed in some trepidation that he come to America to the 5 Flewelling himselfmay have had a glimmering ofdoubt. In The Forest ofYggdrasill (p. 104) he says: “How this came into the market we do not know, for Catherine of Russia was supposed to have acquired [Voltaire’s] library complete.” The library is also often said to possess several original letters of Voltaire. But they were all actually written by amanuenses and only one bears an indisputable holograph postscript, with initial signature: “Mes tres [sic] tendres respects a [sic] mes deux anges [D’Argental] v.” 4 44 ^ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY new School of Philosophy, his answer was immediate and surprising, “I’ll come if you’ll inviteme.”6 Schiller is usually considered, withJames, Dewey, and Peirce, to be among the foremost pragmatists-thus taking rank as a general, or as almost the only soldier, in a kind ofBritish flanking movement associa ated with a largely American campaign. He seems usually to have pre^ ferred the title humanist, however; even as Peirce, after having been credited by James with inventing a name for their new philosophy, elected to call himselfa pragmaticist. Later, Schiller often employed the term voluntarist, or even, significantly, the more general personalist. He wasfond ofquoting Protagoras to the effect that “man is the mea^ sure of all things”; and a present-day interpreter has summarized his thought in the following words: “The core of [his] vision is the com viction that all acts and thoughts are irreducibly the products ofindividual human beings and are therefore inescapably colored by the needs, desires, and purposes of men.”7 It is easy to see how all ofthis would have appealedmightily to RalphTyler Flewelling. The result was that in the early twenties Schiller began to furnish articles and reviews for the Personalist and continued to be a prolific contributor until shortly before his death in Los Angeles in 1937. He taught at uscatleast a part ofevery year except one from 1926 to 1935, and published one ofhis most important books (Logicfor Use [London, 1929; New York, 1930]) during that time. InEngland, where he was a tutor at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and where Flewelling found him in the Fall of 1925, he was anathema to the reigning Oxford philosophers ofabsolute idealism, F. H. Bradley, Bernard Bosanquet, and T. H. Green-andvice versa. And itwasthere thathe achievedsomething ofa reputation as an acrimonious debater. He was certainly a vigorous, ifwitty and “literary,” antagonist, even in America. But over here-or at least at usc-these qualities made an entirely different impression. 6 “F. C. S. Schiller: An Appreciation,” ThePersonalist, XIX (1938), 9. 7Reuben Abel, The Pragmatic Humanism ofF. C. S. Schiller (Columbia University Press, 1955), PP- 7-8. OF BOOKS AND MEN 4 45 ^ Writing to Professor E. H. Lewis on November 18, 1930, Flewelling remarked: When I was showing a distinguishedEnglishman through our building recently and Schillerwas mentioned he exclaimed, “Oh Schilleris known asthe rudestman at Ox' ford.” Personally and socially we find Schiller a delight and itseems to me that in his work on logic he is decidedly on the side ofthe Angels, though that is not our domin' ating reason for calling him here. If Schiller was a prolific contributor ofliterary matter for the Per' sonalist, he was also a frequent contributor to the discomfiture of the editor. It all apparently began in 1924 when he wrote to Flewelling thathewas considerablypuzzled bythe reading4 4ringworm’’ for4 4 time worn” in the proofofan article the correcting ofwhich, incidentally, he found difficult “without the M. s.”8 Flewelling’s reply9 was properly apologetic. I am sorry that I did not include the original manuscriptwith the proofs. The “ring' worm paradox ofProtagoras” was certainly good. I did not give the attention to reading the proofthat I would have had it been final but I am certain I should have gathered it in before it came to be published. I do not trust myselfwith a single read' ing ofa proofbut usually go over it five or six times before it actually appears in the magazine. But ever after, typographical errors-and there always seemed to be a few, despite heroic efforts on the part ofthe editor and his associateswere “ring worms,” whether in letters of complaint from England (later, after his retirement, across town from Palms) or in notes issuing from University Avenue and Exposition Boulevard. Schiller would doubtless have appreciated “Metaphysics” coming out4‘Meatphysics” in the printed program of a Forum Lecture several years later. It still seems one of the neater descents, by means of simple transposition, from lofty speculation to mere man'in'the'Street materialism. There will be opportunity, in recounting the events ofthe next few years, to make further reference to Schiller and the library, but here it 8 F. C. S. Schiller to Flewelling,June 26,1924. 9July 12,1924. 4 46 ^ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY may suffice merely to append a note10 on his Mind! A Unique Review of Ancient and ModernPhilosophy. Edited by a Troglodyte, with the Co^opera^ tion of the Absolute and Others. New Series, Special Illustrated Christmas Number, 1901. This constituted one ofthe most delightfuljeux d9 esprit in all the literature ofphilosophy-which, it must be admitted, is not notable for recourse to humor. “A Troglodyte” was ofcourse F. C. S. Schiller; and itis fairly common knowledge thatmuch ofthe 141-page spoofofthe philosophic establishment and itsliterary organ Mind, plus threepages ofpreposterous “advertisements” and a frontispieceportrait ofthe Absolute (an absolutely blank page, protected nonetheless from putative offset by a tissue-paper guard), was the product of Schiller’s own brilliant slapstick invention. But when, in 1926, according to the donor’s inscription, he presented a copy to the Hoose Library, Schiller also gave Dr. Flewelling the names of a few other contributors; and these are recorded in the volume in the hand ofthe interim recipient. Thus we have it on good authority that “The Critique ofPure Rot,” ostensibly by I. Cant, was actually composed by Carveth Reid; and Vera Welldon (“Realism and Idealism”) was in reality Lady Welby. But we are assured that “The Place ofHumour in the Absolute” was the work ofthe editor himself. In an Introductory Note, and speaking in the person ofhis old bete noire F.H. Bradley, author of Appearance and Reality (here reduced to F. H. Badly), he explains the tardy appearance ofthe essay: “This chapter somehow got omitted from my famous work on theDisappearance ofReality—perhaps because theEditor oiPunch failed to return it in time for me to include it.” Very generally, an outline ofplans for the Department ofPhilosophy and the library in the yearsjust prior to 1930, as well as certain discrete accomplishments, can be made out in a few letters that have been preserved. Obviously, Flewelling set to work immediately after his return fromEurope to assure the continued support oftheMudds, even 10 Lifted nearly intactfromWallace Nethery, “Schillerin theLibrary,” ThePersonalist, XLV (1964), 327-28. OF BOOKS AND MEN 4 47 ^ though the Colonelwas now unhappily gone. On September 28,1926, hewrote to hisfriendRev. HowardWilkinson, ofBoston: You will be glad to learn that my program of expansion went through with Mr. Mudd after a considerable number of conferences in which we worked out rather carefully the details. He has consented to become a trustee ofthe University which was very gratifying andwill be ofgreathelp to me in myplans. Since returninghome I have had a very lovely letterfromhis motherinwhich she takesthe painsto speak of their interest in the department. This was Seeley,Jr., or Seeley GreenleafMudd, M.D., who had discovered Dr. Flewelling back in 1919, and who in turn had brought his father, his brother Harvey, and, as now appears, his mother also, into the circle ofuse admiration and concern. We have already had intimations ofa $400,000 fund; butnow their common commitmentwassignalized and, in a sense, certified, in the matter ofa comparatively modest purchase fromDawson’s. January 24,1927 Dear Mr. Mudd: you may retail that when you were visiting noose Library last summer you dropped what was perhaps an incautious word. ifi understood you correctly you advised me in case there were some rare purchases availablefor noose Libraryfor which we had no money that 1 be sure to let you know. 1 recently discovered several items at Dawson’s Book store which seemed to be a rather unusual opportunity which 1 hate to let pass. There are three titles altogether and seven volumes and the price is one hundred seventy dollars. 1 have asked them to set them aside for afew days until 1 should be able tofind out whether we can purchase them, iffor any reason whatever youfind yourself indisposed to act in the matter, do not hesitate to say no. with kindest personal regards "Yours sincerely, "Ralph ryler Jewelling Mr. Harvey s. Mudd, 1206 Pacific Life Mutual Bldg., los Angeles, California 4 40 DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY 26th January, 1927 Dear Dr. Flewelling: 1 have just received your letter of the 27th January. 1 will be very glad to buy the boohs which you have found and 1 am sure that my brotherwill want to share in theirpurchase. 1 am sending a copy of your letter to him but in the meantime you may buy the books and ask Dawson's Book store to send the bill to me. with kindest regards sincerely yours, H.s. Mudd January ji, 1927 Dear Mr. Mudd: 1 am very happy over your decision to buy the books and 1 hope that 1 have not imposed upon you. 1 have one everlasting interest which 1 presume is becoming an obsession, namely, the building up of a great research library here, rhe books in point are books 1 have been searchingforfor years and unable tofind and 1 knew it might be years again before 1 would everget an opportunity. The main set offive volumes is a set ofJacob Boehme who was really thefather ofGerman mysticism, we never before were able to acquire a complete set. 1 did not even run across them in all my European travels. These books will be catalogued in Hoose library as the Seeley Mudd Gift and a special plate has been made, a poor copy of which 1 am sending herewith. Thank you very muchforthe booklet containing the Memorial Addresses.ITiam having a copy boundfor Hoose library as it will be ofinterest to coming generations to have the bit ofinformation which it contains. with kindest personal regards, 1 am Yours sincerely, Ralph Tyler piewelling Flewelling’s larger hopes for the Department of Philosophy, cep tainly no less an obsession than his concern for the library, is seen in his letters to Schiller, which continued unabated whenever that new cob league was out ofthe country andwhich frequently contained essential news. For example: 11 See Note 7, p. 39. OF BOOKS AND MEN 4 49 > Carr is doing business at the same old stand and [J. H.] Muirhead is with us this se^ mester as Visiting Professor; [J.E.] Boodin, late ofCarleton College, has also been with usthis year, and so the work goes on. We weredelighted tolearn the other day through the public press thatwe are likely to see you in California again soon. Ofcourse, we arejustselfish enough to wish you were going to be with us. We had hoped youwould let us know whenever it would be possible for you to come again, either for a short or long stay. We are very happy, however, that you are returning and shall hope to see much ofyouwhile here.12 12 March 14,1928. 13 And in confusion on the part of an occasionalscholarseeking holograph materials. Schiller’s spending a single term as visiting professor at “the other place meant that such items would be preserved at ucla as well as at use—though, interestingly enough, they are to be found in the greatest profusion of all in the Huntington Library (see Herbert L. Searles and Allan Shields, A Bibliography ofF. C. S. Schiller [San Diego State College Press, 1969], PP* 58-65). The secondparagraphrefersto a‘ ‘misunderstanding’ ’ thatwas cleared up in Flewelling’s letter ofApril 28 ofthe same year but thatresulted in us c’s losing the distinguished philosopher to the University ofCalifon nia, Southern Branch, for a time.^ There seems to have been a misunderstanding all around regarding your return here, since I had charged Dr. Carr with the task offinding out, ifpossible, when you would be free again. He came back with a negative report, thinking that you were notyetready to say the word. That is the reason I had done nothing further....I hope ifyou still regard us well, you will consider us for the next opportunity after your SouthernBranch experience. Why could you not come with some regularity, either every year, or every other year, now that you are more or less free? Ifyou can, I am sure I could find the money to meet your need. He could, indeed; and shortly Schiller would be a regular, ifnot fulh time, member ofthe faculty; something ofa fixture on the weekly Fo' rumLecture platform; a lively attendant at the Argonaut (Philosophy) Society meetings; and a frequent patron and benefactor ofthe library. VII. WHATSOEVER THINGS ARE OF GOOD REPORT L ibrary reports, annual, monthly, or “special,” are rather dreary v things at best.1 But perhaps a few details culled from those repre/ senting Hoose activities during the remaining years ofthe decade may be acceptable to the reader who has come this far. In the very nature of things, he is an enthusiast for whom nothing pertaining to books is ah together repugnant. Like Charles Lamb in one ofhis more expansive moods, he “can ready anything.” The first annual report preserved in the library is for the fiscal year 1927/28. It shows that on June 3 0,1928, there were 7,492 volumes in the various collections, 784 having been added that year. Nearly a like number were acquired in 1928/29; and by the end ofJune, 193 0, the total population amounted tojust under 9,000 volumes. Many ofthe late arrivals, as well as the earlier, were ofcourse rare, or at least scarce and relatively expensive, items. In 1927/28 they included the collected works ofBerkeley (2 vols., 1784); Pierre Gassendi, Opera omnia (6 vols., 1658); theEnneadsofPlotinustranslated into FrenchbyBouillet(3 vols., 1857/61); and theological, scientific, and miscellaneous writings ofJo/ seph Priestley numbering twenty/five volumes in all. In 1928/29 came collected editions ofAlbertus Magnus (38 vols.), Archimedes, St. Au/ gustine, Isidorus, and Blaise Pascal, mostly nineteenth/century com/ pilations. The year 1929/30 was a good one for Leibniz, witnessing the arrival oftwo collected editions: one from the eighteenth century; the other,the first three volumes ofthe potentially greatPrussianAcad/ emy ofSciences Samtliche Schriften undBriefe, which is still in progress. There were also, in that year, three incunabula: Hierocles ofAlexan/ 1 No, notatbest. Considerthe fascinating periodical accounts ofWilliamA.Jackson (Houghton Library) and Louis B. Wright (Folger Shakespeare Library). 50 WHATSOEVER THINGS ARE OF GOOD REPORT 4 51 ^ dria, In aureos versus Pythagorae opusculum (1474), William ofOckham, De Sacramento altaris (1491), and Peter Lombard, Sententiarum libri IV (1481). Suprapraedicabilia etpraedicamenta Aristotelis,boughtfromVoynich for $8 50 and presented by theMudd family, is one ofthe most inv portant ofseveral manuscripts in the library, and it will receive brief individual attention later. Less spectacular, but interesting as an example ofa kind ofcollecting particularly welhadapted to a new library enterprise, where duplica^ tion isn’t apt to present too great a problem, was the purchase in Aw* gust, 1927, of 180 volumes that had formed part ofthe private library ofWilliamRomaine Newbold, onetime professor ofmedieval history and philosophy in the University ofPennsylvania. In January, 1929, Professor Carr gave 165 volumes, including twelve ofthe Proceedings ofthe Aristotelian Society, the learned body ofwhich he had for so long been Secretary. “Our set ofthese Proceedings ” reported the Ip brarian with evidentsatisfaction, “is now complete to date.” At this point enters something of a mystery. Writing to Schiller, February 16,1927, Flewelling reported: Our plans are nearly ready for the new building to house the school and Hoose Li/ brary. The opportunity ofadding the special library ofGerman philosophical works whichwasin the airwhen youwere here seems to beworking along toward consume mation. I do not know where I shall get the fifteen thousand dollars but perhaps the magical umbrellamay rainmoney. Isurely amsetting greatstore by it. And to Dr. William S. Mitchell, Worcester, Mass., September 16 of the same year: We have now on the seas a complete philosophical library fromGermany, containing many rare books,incunabula and manuscripts,ten thousand accessions all in a lump. Passing overforthemoment therather earlymentionof“nearlyready” plans for a new building, What or whose was this collection ofbooks, now “in the air,” now “on the seas” ? I have been unable to discover any otherspecific reference to such a “special” and ‘complete library 4 50 DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY ofGerman philosophical works. Perhapsit came on the seas by way of theBermudaTriangle.3 In any event, in the Southern California Illustrated News for April, 1925, an article by Flewelling entitled “RareBooks in Hoose Library” (illustrated) had been scarcely less audacious in setting forth the “very definite general principles” which constituted the acquisition policy of the library.3 First ofall it is aimed to secure definitive editions ofall the classical philosophers, in the second place to gather complete files ofall philosophical and psychologicaljour/ nals that have ever been published. This has already been in great measure acconv plished. In the third place it is desired to purchase secondary sources made up ofthe various monographs and commentaries on philosophy. The fourth objective is the purchase ofso considerable a number ofrare old editions as to provide abundance of research material for historical productive scholarship in the graduate department of the University. The securing ofa bulk ofsuch material will serve as a drawing card forstudentsfrom America and abroad. In so far as they were intended to apply to the gathering ofphilosophi' cal and psychological [!] journals, ofcourse, the striking words, “This has already been in great measure accomplished,” give an impression that is more striking than accurate. On the other hand, much had ah ready been accomplished. By the end of 1923 the library had purchased thirty'two volumes of Archivfur Geschichte derPhilosophies fifteen ofBeitrage zur Geschichte der Philosophic des Mittelalters, from Stechert for $125; twenty volumes of the Monist*, and Renouvier’s Critiquephilosophique, thirty'six volumes, from Stechertfor $40 (thoughwe have already seen evidence ofthe re' ceipt ofthirty'two volumes ofthatjournalfrom Championin late 1925 2 It seems more likely that the following passage in The Forest ofYggdrasill (p. 99) deals, still cryptically enough, with this curious matter. After referring to the efforts ofa Nazi propagandist to sell the library a rare Bible, Flewelling goes on: “Still another, similar effort was made by another party representing the same interests, whose library of antiques could be had for cash and an appointment on the faculty. It was another institution that fell for this, to its eventualsorrow when aftersome yearsthe Nazi political affiliation was disclosed.” 3P. 17. ary ^tywj^ ^for 44 Hoose Lib^' forth the “vu, ^npolicyoj ^ptoosophen,® Rddogicaljoop * measure aceo®/ 10 nude up (ft rfi objective ft )vide abundarf uatedcpartmetf t as a drawingai gofpnilosopt ig words, “Hi e an imprm d, much Wal two volumes o! wGtsdiM nt)’volumes of ty/six volumes, denceoftte )ionin.ateW is® (p. 99) ^^’^ ,ofa Nazi propV‘ lihr effort was nuit «oddbei* | forthis, toitsew sd." WHATSOEVER THINGS ARE OF GOOD REPORT 4 53 ^ or early 1926: What became of these apparent duplicates?). Later (in 1925) it would secure La philosophic positive, thirty-one volumes; and theJournal ofPhilology, thirty-five volumes. In 1926 it would receive from Champion for 184 fr. eighteen volumes (1894-1911) ofL’annee philosophique; and Vols. VII to XXIII (1871-87) ofPhilosophische Mo' natshefte. In 1928 would come thirty-three volumes ofAnnales de phi' losophie chretienne; andinApril, 1929, what wasneeded to repair broken sets o£Logos and Kant'Studien. It would be interesting to know more about the acquisition and provenance ofthe library’s completeJournal ofSpeculative Philosophy (1876-93), the first quarterly in English to be devoted entirely to philosophy. Some ofthe volumes ofthat pioneer, edited by W. T. Harris in St. Louis,4 have the bookplate ofA. Z. Conrad; others carry that ofthe PrattInstitute, Brooklyn, NewYork. The library, ofcourse, earlypossessed completefiles ofsuch standard periodicals as Mind,Journal ofPhilosophy, PhilosophicalReview, and Re' vuephilosophique, though it is not readily apparentjust when subscriptions for these were entered, or when and where back issues were obtained. By 1929-30, seventy-four journals were being regularly received, about half ofthem “gifts”-presumably, for the most part, the result ofexchange agreements with thePersonalist. Asforstatistics relating to use. Home circulation amounted to 2,078 in 1927-28, about half ofthat number being in philosophyperse, with religion and literature coming next (225 and 226 respectively). These figures increased only slightly during the next two years, the distribution also remaining aboutthe same.Eachyeartherewere roughly 1,500 4 The William Torrey Harris Collection (given to the library between 1951 and 1954 by Miss Edith Davidson Harris, daughter of the recipient ofits some 850 letters) may be anachronisticallynotedin this connection. TheletterswerewrittentoHarris as editoroftheJournal ofSpeculative Philosophy by such “Golden Age” philosophers asJames, Dewey, Peirce, Howison, and Royce. As Van Wyck Brooks points out (New England: Indian Summer, 1865-1915, p- 333n.), ‘Tn this.. .journal... appeared the first philosophical essays of Charles Peirce,WilliamJames,JosiahRoyce andJohn Dewey.’’And here in the Hoose Library, among hundreds of other significant documents, are the letters oftransmittal, or “contribution,” ofthese extremely interesting first fruits. 4 54 £ DR- FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY additional collateral-reading charge-outs. In September, 1926, Dr. Flewellinghad 193 booksontheassigned‘4CollateralReading’’ shelves; Dr. Long had 133; Dr. Carr 34; and Dr. Schiller 10. It was the latter’s first time on the MonthlyReport list for that category (ofcourse it was his first term at use).His name failed to appear there after November of that year and never returned. Perhaps, as a good Voluntarist, he had merely decided to make it easy for his students to practice what he preached. Occasionally, we have pleasant glimpses ofProfessor Flewelling arranging exhibits (together with Miss Fitch) and giving informal talks on the books: as to a class from the Los Angeles Public Library School in February, 1928; or to a group from the Hollywood branch ofthe Los Angeles Women’s Club on the afternoon ofMay 21 ofthe same year. And running through the librarian’s monthly remarks is a noticeable thread ofpride, especially because the library is frequently visited bystudents-usually graduate students-fromdisciplines otherthan philosophy: law, mathematics, physics, religion. They came to examine books not otherwise obtainable on campus, orindeed in some cases not available elsewhere in Southern California. In May, 1929, “The centers around which advanced students gathered [were] the Bibliographical and Literature sections.” A news item in Miss Fitch’s report forJanuary, 1930, seems rather laconic in view ofwhat must have appeared even to an imperturbable librarian to be an event ofno small consequence. The Hoose Library ofPhilosophywas moved from the upperfloor ofthe Administration Building to the new quarters in the Mudd Memorial Hall ofPhilosophy the first week inJanuary. The work ofmoving wasstarted on the last day ofthe old year. Thebookswereshelvedasbroughtoverandthemovingwas completeonJanuary9th. Mr. Wiener, Fellow ofthePhilosophyDepartment, had drawn plans ofthe library rooms in the new building and took charge ofshelving the books. The books were sent over and arranged in each roomaccording to previous agreement. The Librarian directed the order ofpacking in boxes and numbered the boxes to WHATSOEVER THINGS ARE OF GOOD REPORT 4 55 ^ facilitate the unpacking. There was very little interruption in the service to students asthe arrangement made it possible for booksto be located easily. The “Fellow ofthe Philosophy Department” (a term not to be com fused with the honorific title conferred in early days on certain distim guished members ofthe faculty and lay supporters) was Philip P. Wie^ ner,noweditoroftheJournal ofthe History ofIdeas. He andRalphWinn, another teaching assistant on a fellowship, “began working in the Pim losophy Library Wednesday, February 5th, each being on duty two hours daily, excepting Saturday. They have typed cards and assisted in the reference and loan deskwork.” In March: “The Philosophy Library was open on Saturday after noon, March 29, following the luncheon given by Dr. and Mrs. Carr in Argonauts’ Hall. Among the visitors to the librarywere administra^ tive officers and professors from the University of California at Los Angeles and fromthe University ofSouthern California, Founders and Fellows ofthe School ofPhilosophy, University ofSouthern Califon nia, and ProfessorJohn Dewey ofColumbia University.” In April the first inventory since 1926 showed that “95 books [were] missing from the HooseLibrary ofPhilosophy.” Finally, the notes forJune record the fact that “Interesting exhibits ofmanuscripts, association books and examples ofthe work of early printers” attracted vistors at the time ofthe University’s semicentem nial celebration. But perhaps, after all, that report is most noteworthy for a curious omission. There is no mention ofthe dedication ofthe Seeley Wintersmith Mudd Memorial Hall ofPhilosophy, held on the 5 th ofJune, 1930. VIII. BUILDING FOR THE FUTURE P rofessor Flewelling wrote to F. C. S. Schiller at the Univer/ sity Club, Los Angeles, on April 25,1929: We are completing arrangementsforthe laying ofthe cornerstone ofthe new Hall ofPhilosophy on May 16th. There will be a luncheon given to our Founders and Feb lows at 12:15 that day atwhich timewewould like to receive greetingsfrom aBritish University as represented by you. The laying ofthe corner stone will occur at 2:30 and will be followed by the recognition ofFounders and Fellows, the announcement ofthe creation ofthe School ofPhilosophy and an address by Dr. R. A. Millikan. We cordially invite you to all these events and hope it may be possible for you to be pres^ ent and speak. Formal invitations will be issued later. It was the beginning ofthe end ofa process ofmaterial development a part ofwhich has been noted here in some detail and which had ar/ rived at a criticalstage in 1928. Again, Dr. Flewelling’s ownwords pro/ vide the mostsuccinct account. With [Seeley Wintersmith Mudd’s] gifts, topped by my sabbatic and bookbuying yearinEurope, the roomin the Hoose Hallwing became too crowded. Dr. Seeley G. Mudd and his mother graciously carried on where the early death offather and hus/ band had brought a pause, by building the Mudd Memorial Hall in his memory. My son, Ralph Carlin, was authorized to present an idea forthe solution ofour problem; being invited to lecture before theEbell Club, I agreed on condition that the subject might be the hopedTbr development ofphilosophy at the University of Southern California. Mrs. Della Mudd by chance was present and found herselffully sympa/ thetic. At this very time a famous money^raising institution from the East was being employed by the trustees to raise a large sum for general University building. In that campaign, nights of banquet meetings in surrounding suburbs had exhausted our strength to the limit, and produced little success underthe direction ofthe promoters. Most onlookers took a dim view ofso extravagant a plan for philosophy, and were quick to pronounce it an impossible dream.1 1 TheForest ofYggdrasill,pp. 112-13. 56 BUILDING FOR THE FUTURE 4 57> RE aatdieU^ ^rfthenewlil wFounders^ «^fiomaBrii ne will occur at| s.theannouncemi • R. A. Millikan.J kforyoutobep rial develops nd which hath sown wordspro tic and book'll^ )wded.Dr.SeeleyC ith offather an& 1 inbismemoryi tionofourprofc Won that thesubp iiversify ofSouth herselfMy symp m the East waskii ■sity building. Inii s had exhausted® [onofthepromoM hilosophy, and# Dr. Flewelling almost certainly didn’t mean to belittle the struggles and achievements ofothers. Indeed, that would have been unrealistic in the extreme; and he was a genuinely realistic man, atleast in the ordinary sense ofthe word. Much had been accomplished on the larger scene sinceRufusB. von KleinSmid arrived as presidentin 1921. Within six months ofthat event a campaign for the raising of$10,000,000 had been undertaken. True, the campaign was not entirely successful; but some ofthe effort was bearing fruit in expansion ofthe physical plant at just about the time Flewelling was realizing his “impossible dream.” The School ofLaw building had been finished and occupied in 1926; Science Hall and the Student Union building, impressive in their time,were completed in 1928; as was also Bridge Hall,just across University Avenue from the projected “Hall ofPhilosophy,” at a cost of$200,000. And ground-breaking ceremoniesfor the PhysicalEducation Hall were conducted on November 12,1929, roughly six months after the announcement with which the present chapter began.3 But Flewelling was almost certainly right, too, in his assessment ofthe total situation. Without his extraordinary vision and without his extraordinary friends, his plans for housing philosophy and the Philosophy Library, with the bill coming to upwards of$300,000, would have been considered by any normallyprudent person to be somewhat “extravagant.” 3 See Rockwell D. Hunt, The First Half-Century (University ofSouthern California, 1930), PP- 78-79. Still there was unbeliefas to the *‘impossible,” so that when from my summer vacation in 1928,1 telegraphed the good news ofthe gift to the finance promoters, they had to “be shown,” forit did not seempossible to themthatso large a gift had arrived without their solicitation. The architectural contract was awarded to Ralph Carlin Flewelling, and the Director ofthe School ofPhilosophy went to the hospital for a year of convalescence from a “heart attack.” Out again when the building was far along toward completion, my first approach to the faculty offices was greeted by the lowering features ofDiogenes over the entrance. To my laughing son, who had perpetrated thejoke, the only response possible was that Diogenes, being a sage, would <f5O DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY be looking for an honest man at the faculty entrance as the most promising place. For the students this provided a tradition, and for The Personalist, a Cynic’s column.3 Mudd Memorial Hall stands as a visible embodiment ofthe ideals which brought it into being. As a thing ofbeauty it will surely not last forever; but there can be small doubt that as long as it does endure it will be a source of continuing joy to most visitors. (Regular inhabit tants may become rather inured to its charms, and even on rare occa^ sions annoyed by one or another ofits few practical infelicities.) Its general style was dictated by the University policy of conformity to theTuscan pattern ofBovard,Bridge, Science, and PhysicalEducation. But it goes far beyond any ofthese in richness and grace. Built around a central courtyard across the face ofwhich runs an open cloister; com structed ofRoman brick, trimmed in cast stone, with a tile roof; and dominated by a beautiful 146/foot tower with clock and chimes; it “symbolizes the importance ofphilosophical thought in pursuit ofcub ture and in the world order, and furnishes that classic atmosphere so conducive to an inspired love oftruth and to profound and productive scholarship.’^ But there is no reason here to abandon the practice ofletting the man best informed, literally, in this case, from the ground up, tell in his own wordswhatwasintended andwhat achieved. In a specialsupplementto the Personalist,July, 1930, Ralph Carlin Flewelling wrote: The architectural treatment ofthe building received its general motiffrom the many beautiful works ofthat transitional period in architectural history which inv mediately preceded the Renaissance. Here one will find the use ofRomanesque and Byzantine decorative forms combined with the slender shaft ofthe Arab and the boldness ofthe Lombard. In the Seeley Mudd Memorial Hall much liberty has been taken in the use ofthe various forms ofornament peculiar to that period ofarchitect ture. One will find animal imagery combined with more delicate tracery ornament in the reliefofthe stone work. The same general treatment has been given in the ex^ terior decorative tile work. The building has been faced with a red brick which is 3 TheForest ofYggdrasill, p. 113. 4Hunt, The First Half-Century, p. 72. BUILDING FOR THE FUTURE 4 59 > long and narrow in dimension after the manner ofthe Roman brick, thereby accent tuating the breadth ofthe several portions ofthe building. Interior terra cotta work with its figures and ornamentation in reliefis left unglazed in its deep salmon color.5 As for the library itself, occupying, with its Collateral Room and its separate SeeleyWintersmithMuddFoundation SpecialLibrary, the en' tire second floor, theMainReadingRoomis ofcourse themost impres' sive unit-and it has often been termed nothing less than magnificent. It consists of a nave one hundred fifteen feet in length by twenty'two in width and is thirty'eight feet high. The massive ceiling beams; the decorative recessed tile plaques with their thoughtfully'chosen inscrip' tions, depicting incidents in the lives ofthe great philosophers from Buddha to Emerson;6 the graceful cubicle arches; the specially'made tables and chairs; the stained glass windows in the “apse”-these consti' tute a few ofits more striking features. But above and around all (in the spatial sense) is the richly detailed decoration designed by Julian Ells' worth Garnsey (who also arranged the scene representing Jason and the search for the Golden Fleece on the ceiling beams of Argonauts Hall). “In this [Main Reading] room,” explains the architect, “the en' deavorhas been made to produce by a coordination ofdecorative orna' ment and skilled craftsmanship a feeling ofrichness and yet peaceful quiet.”? In nearly twenty years’ experience ofgreeting visitors to the library, not once have I heard a suggestion that the effort was in vain. The dedication exercises,June 5, 1930, included eloquent addresses by both Dr. Schiller and Dr. Carr; but a few sentences from “The Lengthening Shadow of a Life,” Dr. Flewelling’s own remarks, may stand as the most human, the most personal, and therefore the most af' fecting ofall the tributes. 5 “Statementby the Architect,” The Personalist: Supplement, pp. 6-7. 6 The architectreportsthat “The subject matterfor these plaques as well as the mural inscriptions was supplied by Dr. Flewelling” (“Statement by the Architect,” p. 7); while Dr. Flewelling in turn reveals that “the series oftwenty-two plaques in the great hall were, all but two, designed by the architect” (The Forest ofYggdrasill, p. 115)- 7 “Statement by the Architect,” p. 7. 4 60 ^ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY This noble and beautiful building-this library with its increasing and increasingly valuable treasures ofphilosophic research, this school ofphilosophy reaching out to East andWest,toNorthand Southtoform a center ofunderstandingbetweenthought cultures ofvarious lands, ofpast and future, was but a portion ofthe dream ofuse' fulness that filled Colonel Mudd’s vision. Where the masses ofmen are quite content to put the energies oflife into causes so ephemeral as to be outlived by their progeni' tors, it was characteristic ofhis farsightedness that he committed himselfto institU' tions which are the foundations ofsociety.8 8 The Personalist: Supplement, pp. 17-18. PERSONALITIES AND PROVIDERS W hen Ralph Tyler Flewelling noted in his autobiography that the Director ofthe School of Philosophy went to the hospital in mid-1929 for several months’ convalescence from what might appear to be, in retrospect, more a case ofoverwork than a “heart attack” (the quotation marks are the patient’s own), he wasn’t speaking idly.1 On May 14 ofthat year the Trustees had authorized the creation ofa School ofPhilosophy, with Flewelling at its head. Philosophy at us c had come a long way in a short time. And the near-ten-thousand-volume library, laboriously and intelligentlyassembled (as also an eight-or nine-man regularfaculty,frequently augmented by distinguishedvisiting professors,3 and a more-than-adequate building nownearing completion) constituted no small part ofthe advance-and the sine qua non offormal elevation. Without a library, even as without a faculty and a “plant,” there would scarcely have been a School. So when, about this time, the Director asked Wildon Carr to set down his thoughts on the general subject of “The Aims and Methods ofa School ofPhilosophy,” it was probably no more a surprise than it was a disappointment-which is to say it was no surprise at all-that the philosopher-educator put the library first (at least chronologically) in the order ofacademic priorities. Everymanmay philosophize but the world has contained and contains great philosophers withwhomwe can hold communion and into whose thoughts we can enter in 1 The Forest ofYggdrasill, p. 113. Two years later (October 17,1932) he would report with pleasure to Seeley GreenleafMudd that his Aetna Life Insurance doctor had assured him that he had “a twenty-six year old heart.” 2 The roster for 1931-32 included, besides Flewelling himself, Carr, Schiller, Edwin D. Starbuck, Wilbur Long, Herbert L. Searles, Benjamin A. G. Fuller (Visiting Professor), Carl Farman (Instructor and Assistant in the Library), and Albion R. King. 6l 4 62 3» DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY their recorded lives and works. When we study philosophy we are not heaping up information, or arranging and classifying facts, or cataloguing dead theories for ref" erence, we are getting nourishment from the thought ofthe past for the living prob" lem ofthe present. In interpreting the great thinkers ofthe past we are forming the philosophy ofthe future, and this is our ideal in furnishing a library and in directing class instruction.3 There was always between the two men an extraordinary bond of friendship and shared ideals. Flewelling wrote in the Personalist, Janii' ary, 1932: In the founding and the building up ofthe School he took a stalwart part. On the intellectual side and to the extent that personality rather than principles may be the foundation of a philosophical endeavor, he was “the chiefcorner stone,” being the first man ofinternational reputation to attach himselfto our enterprise.4 And shortly before his death in Los Angelesin 1931 Carr had written a letters eloquent ofthe esteem that on his side, as well, had been evident throughout the whole course oftheir association. March 27,1931 My dear piewelling 1 would like to say to you while yet the time remains to say anything, how peculiarly precious to us over and above the many newfriendships we haveformed in California has been our own personalfriendship, yours and mine, it is not only that you were engaged in work congenial to me but your way ofworking and your ideals and your perseverance are delightful to have known. it is a great work you have set going and 1 hope you will have increasing success, it is really no small part ofmy comfort at the present time that the school ofphilosophy is promis^ ing so well. 1 cannot help remembering also thatfor nearly a whole year we were wondering whether your career was going to be cut short, it is just a satisfaction 1 cannot express tofind that we are through this and the school can now look to you for years ofwork and hope of success 3 The holograph statement is undated; but Flewelling, printing itin the specialHerbert Wildon Carr Number ofthe Personalist, XIII (1932), 10—11, characterized it as a “personal note on the founding ofthe School ofPhilosophy.” 4 XIII, p. 9. 5 Printed nearly in fullin ThePersonalist, XXXVII (1956), 126. PERSONALITIES AND PROVIDERS 4 63 ^ yet to come, how glad I am it is not under the circumstances of 1-2 years ago that 1 am called on to give up. All that 1 say is shared by Mrs. carr and our love is to both of you. Ever yours Herbertwildon carr B. A.G. Fuller (Bag for short, Benjamin Apworth Gould for long) has already appeared in a note. Now that delightful character must be allowed to step forth boldly in his own right. Flewelling was out of town while much ofthe negotiation for his coming as Visiting Profesz sor for the Fall, 1931^32, was being conducted (partly by Schiller, not withoutsome failure ofcommunication); so theDirector’s letters written during that time are not available. (His practice at home was to dictate even rather personal correspondence-and the retained copies have been very useful in reconstructing events connected with the Department and School, the Personalist, and the library.) But Fuller’s earliest letters are here; and they tell, if partly by implication, a now familiarstory. What about the library? Should I bring my own books? No, please don’t bother. You will find, I think, that our resources will be quite adequate. Fuller’s letter ofJuly 1,1931, served as a sprightly self-introduction, though obviously Flewelling was already acquainted with his background as a student and assistant ofSantayana’s atHarvard, histeaching at Harvard and the University ofCincinnati, his authorship ofan excellent threezvolumeHistory ofGreek Philosophy (1923 z3 *)> andhisrePz utation as something ofa wit and bon vivant. Itis a shamewe could nothave met in NewYork tozday,butthis week I am chockfull ofengagements. However, no great harmis done, &youwill have the amusement of regarding me as a beau mystere (notso beau, however,) till I finally burst upon your asz tonished gaze. Don’t look for anything serious, dignified, or academic, forI amnone ofthese.I am delighted, however,with the programme youpropose.The earlyGreek business, I fancy, you would allow me to keep and so as to include the poets as well as the philosophers....Plotinusis an old love ofmine.... 4 60 DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY A word as to books. Is your Univ, library fairly good in Greek Phil. ? And how many students arelikelyto turn up forthePlato^Aristotle ? Ishouldwantthemto read the Scribner’s “Republic” and Selections from Plato, and the Selections from Aris^ totle-the little blue dollar books....And in the early Greek Phil, course, there ought to be some books like Fairbank’s “Collection of Fragments” and “Greek Religion” on fairly liberal tap, not to speak oftranslations ofAeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, & Hesiod. I mention all this, as one ofmy great difficulties at [Cincinnati] was that offinding the sourcesto which to send students.... I shall be very pleased to take on my part ofthe “Forum” lectures. But do you think I can conceal the cloven hoof? You know I am a materialist & a mechanicalist -so far as those terms mean anything to-day-, I am more ofa Santayanan than any/ thing else. Clearly Fuller soon had an answer to his word about books. On Am gust 15 he wrote: “I take it... that the library will be more than suffix cient for my needs. So unless I have more suggestion from you to the contrary, Ishall not bring any ofmy own books.” As for his philosophical orientation: he needn’t have worried about thateither. Flewellingwasmuchmoretolerantand4 ‘liberal’ ’ thanmight have been supposed. It is one ofmy more poignant regrets that I didn’t get to call his attention (and hear his response) to a passage in Dialogues on Santayana (New York, 1959) by Horace Kallen, Corliss Lamont, Herbert W. Schneider, et al. Kallen (speaking ofFuller’s relationship to Santayana and ofhis going West): He went to-of all places-the Methodist Institution, the University of Southern California, where he formed alliances with movie people and became the avatar of toleration and liberty forthose Methodists. They also had F. C. S. Schiller.6 6 P. 31. The institution would gradually, and in the end completely, shed its denominational character. Of course those Methodists did have their principles, in addition to Fuller and F. C. S. Schiller. Less than a year before, Flewelling had laid them outwith some care inalettertoE.H. Lewis (November 18,1930) which has already been adduced for another purpose. Perhaps this is as good a place as any to let him explain: PERSONALITIES AND PROVIDERS 4 65 > I am interested in what you say about my massing a formidable propaganda in the School ofPhilosophy. I think possibly we may be open to that charge. The truth is that like begets like, or appeals to like and ifthere has been such partiality, it has been largely unconscious since it is my wish that both The Personalist and the School of Philosophy should be open to various shades ofopinion. The sole qualification that I make may be a narrow one but I have not yet seen my way to get rid ofit.I do not intend to invite menwho are avowedly and openlyopposed toChristian ethics....To that extent I suppose we shall have to endure the charge ofpropaganda. I am quite aware that this would be a scandal to many philosophers, but I am quite prepared to endure it. This does not mean, however, that we shutfromthe clear view ofa student any opposing philosophy ofany kind. They are required to read them all. But I hesi/ tate at the destruction to moral ideals that can be caused by an unprincipled, but at/ tractive personality. Flewelling wrote to Schiller, August 18, 1931, to say that “[Fuller] thought it necessary to write me a while back that he was a mechanis/ tistic materialist. In this environment I forsee a lively winter for him. There ought to be plenty ofgood fun for the girls and boys in the off/ ing, and the Argonauts should provide a lively battle/ground.” Ob/ viously Flewelling didn’t consider Fuller to be unprincipled; he was to stay on for a decade and a halfas a regular member ofthe faculty, and the Director would always find him a most “attractive personality.” When in 1934 Fuller publisheda paper thatwas uncompromising in its rejection ofpersonalidealisminfavor ofmaterialism, Flewellingwrote (August 1): How famously you came across in your article in theJournal ofPhilosophy-"To Sleep, Perchance to Dream.”7 You almost convinced me, in spite ofmy idealism, that you had no personality, no character, no soul, but only a certain percentage ofphos/ phorous, lime, iron, and all heavilywatered, worth about 98 cents wholesale. But your delightful paper proves too much; it proves that all ofthose things that I love in you-character, personality, and the rest, are the most real things there are about you.I really congratulate you on the paper,forit is clearly written and it brings greatrenowntothe SchoolofPhilosophyastakingoffthe curse ofMethodismfromit. 7XXXI (193 4), 3 93-400. 4 66 ^ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY There are some forty letters from Fullerin the library, all very lively and pleasantly bantering in tone where philosophical differences are concerned. There are, as well, nearly as many fromFlewelling in reply, showing the chieftrying valiantly to keep up with his exuberant brave in goodmatured polemic. The temptation to go on quoting is great; but it is a temptation that must be resisted. Fuller was always a loyal participant in the various activities ofa vital School-the Argonaut So' ciety meetings, the weekly Forum lectures, the Personalist, the affairs ofthe library-and there will at least be opportunity from time to time to mention his special services to the latter. As with Fuller, so with Schiller. His letters in the library number about a hundred-perhaps three'fourths of them being addressed to Flewelling. They are invariably interesting, witty, and informative; and ifthis were a history ofthe School ofPhilosophy or the Personalist, or a biography ofeither Schiller or Flewelling, it would be quite legiti' mate-even mandatory-to let them play a prominent role. Here they must be largely passed over except when they deal at least marginally withmatters having to do withHoose. One letter, a part ofwhich is specifically, ifnot massively, relevant, came from Surrey,January 2,1931, as Schiller was preparing to return for the Spring semester. Have got my nephew to sell his Wadding (26 vols bound in buckram) ed. ofDuns Scotus for $250 & freight & expenses. But as I am taking the case with me, the cost of transport will be nugatory-nothing but a little overfreight possibly from London to Antwerp, & express charges from San Pedro to the University. What moved him to sell wasI think the prospect ofmatrimonywhichhe commits on the 17th. This was the great edition of 1891'95 (Paris) built around L. Wad' ding s earlier compilation (Lyons, 1639), containingmostofthe anthem tic and some of the spurious works, supplemented by seventeenth' century commentaries. Each ofthe twenty'six volumes in the library bears the bookplate of a Seeley GreenleafMudd (Mudd family) gift. So Schiller apparently played the part of an agent only-plus, in a purely ancillary sense, that ofa provider oftransport. PERSONALITIES AND PROVIDERS <67> Occasionally, Schiller’s writing on the leaves ofa book, rather than on sheets ofstationery, has an intriguing story to tell. For example, the printed dedication ofhis Humanism (1903) reads: “To my dear friend the humanest ofphilosophers WilliamJames without whose example and unfailing encouragement this book would never have been writ' ten.” And an autograph note by Schiller on the front pastedown ofthe Hoose copy tells us: “This book presented to WilliamJames by the am thor wasreturned to him by HenryJamesJr. whenJames’s library was broken up after his death. The markings & annotations are byJames. Presented to the library ofMudd Hall by F. C. S. Schiller May 193 3.” By all odds, then, here is the dedication copy. And by all the elements ofdefinition too-exceptthat the pencilled inscription on the front free endpaper, “WmJames from F. C. S. S. November, 1903,” is plainly in James’s, not Schiller’s, hand! Schiller’s Personalist reviewing of the first six volumes of Peirce’s Collected Works as they appeared in succession between 1931 and 1933 provided some scholarly association copiesfor the library. As did also his scribbling-his handwriting is often almost literally a scribble—in C. Hartley Grattan’s The ThreeJameses (1932). That book is apleasantiftypographically lax account ofthe thought and personal' ity ofHenry James, the father; ofWilliam, the philosopher; and of Henry, the novelist. Quite naturally, Schiller devotes most ofhis atten' tion to the chapter onWilliam. And it is likewise notsurprising to find himresponding marginally wheneverhe feels that the author has gone astray in a matter offact or ofjudgment. When Grattan characterizes as “astonishingly crude and obvious”James s contention that the brain is “an organ of transmission between the natural world and a sur' rounding “spiritual world,” Schiller argues that Actually it is as good a theory ofpsychophysical correlation as materialism. He questions whether Peirce may properly be termed the founder ofpragmatism, and suggests, apropos ofPeirce’s dictum, The opinion which is fated to be ultimately agreed to by all who investigate, is what we mean by the truth,” that such a happy state may perhaps be realized only in 4 68 ^ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY heaven, when all who disagree have been d—d.” On the “disconcerting” circumstance that Papini, the ardent Italian pragmatist, “turned [finally] to the Church, unable in spite ofhis insight into all creeds to escape the one from which he had temporarily rebelled,” Schiller is stringently,ifsomewhathesitatingly, terse:“? forpragmatic reasons.”8 8 See Wallace Nethery, “Schillerin the Library,” ThePersonalist, XLV (1964), 325-27. THE THIRTIES: BEYOND DEPRESSION T o announce at the beginning of a chapter that the nineteenthirties were a time oftrouble in America would be the height of supererogation. The fact, however, that Southern California suffered considerably less than many other parts ofthe country may perhaps fairly be noted. The movies were flourishing, as they usually do in pe' riods ofeconomic distress, and oil was flowing freely from the coastal fields. The climate continued on itssalubrious way, there was no smog, and indeed the general popularity ofthe Southland as a haven did pre' sent something of a problem. Not all who came were as welcome as theywould be ratherlaterin the decade, when the defense plants began their energetic build-up for World War II. There seems to have been little ifany diminution ofphilosophy at use. Very typical is Flewelling’s report to Schiller at the beginning of the Fall term, 1931: Youwill be happy to knowthatthere has been a considerable increase in the enrollment this year, in spite ofthe fact that there are fewer students in the introductory classes. So the outlook forthe yearis very good.1 1 September 22,1931. The following summer,also to Schiller (July 20,1932), he would venture a connection between his usual educational concerns and another enterprise (indeed not withoutits classical implications) taking shapejust acrossExpositionBoulevard: “The summer session has registered a surprising number ofstudents, only one hundred less than last year in the firstsession, which had the spur of the N. E. A. meeting behind it; and the Olympicsin the second session will probably send the totalsummer enrollmentway beyond last year.” Earlier-January 23,1931 -he hadwritten almost exultinglytoEdgar S. Brightman in Boston: We are having a wonderful year here in our new School ofPhilosophy with Carr, Schiller, Hoernle, Starbuck and Lyon from China, who is teaching Chinese philosophy for us, not to mention a goodly number ofothers. We have nineteen on ourstaff this year [he typically included librarians in such computations], and enrollment has 69 4 7° ^ OR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY more than doubled. It is wonderful to teach philosophy in a location where philoso phy is such a growing subject. Ofcourse Carr would soon be dead. But even before that loss, Ger' aldine Carr, an artist and a scholarin her ownright, and by all accounts a worthy counterpart of her muchdoved husband in attractiveness of personality and capacity for friendship, had been engaged to teach classesin aesthetics. Flewelling wrote plaintively to Schiller on the 4th ofDecember that “It [will] seem good to have you with us again [for his usual Spring term ofteaching] for we have been thoroughly lonely since Dr. Carr’s leaving.” Mrs. Carr helped to fill the void, too. And some ofher valuable contributions to the library will be noted in the appropriate places. Among noteworthy acquisitions of 1930 was a manuscript Cicero, De officiis, boughtfromDawson’s for $75. This was an attractive book, written on vellum probably about 1450, and bound in the original stamped leather over boards. It later became the subject of a detailed study byDorisMerithew,who formanyyearswas cataloguer ofphilo' sophical and classical books for Hoose; so perhaps it warrants (even as the circumstance makes feasible) a comparatively lengthy description. But that must await a “more convenient season.” Meanwhile, the Mudd gifts continued to arrive. They included, in December, 1930, Peter Lombard, Textussententiarum, printed at Basle by Nicholas Kessler, 1498; and a late fourteenth' or early fifteenth' century manuscript, Compendium theologicae veritatis, variously attrib' uted to Hugh ofStrasbourg, AlbertusMagnus, St. ThomasAquinas, and Grosseteste. The next year, among several other important early printed books, there was a very interesting and rare example ofearly religious drama, Modus redemptionis humani lapsus (1499?), produced by W. Stockl at Leipzig. Two years laterwould come the massive first edition ofFicino s Latin translation ofPiotinus (Florence, 1492). But the Mudds weren t the only source ofadditions to the library’s growingcollectionofrarebooks.Flewellinghimselfcontributed (1932' THE thirties: beyond depression <71 > 33), under the guise of the Jane Carlin Flewelling Gift, two fifteenth^ century manuscripts: Robert Grosseteste’s Commentary on Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics (which will be accorded further recognition later) and Duns Scotus, Postilia super Mathaeum. In 1931 Mrs. Carr gave 133 volumes ofmore or less standard schoL arly worksfrom her late husband’s library; and three years afterwards Professor Fuller also passed along some importantmodern books. Despite generalsuccess in weathering the economic SturmundDrang, there were some adjustments to be made all the way around. One of these is reflected in Flewelling’s letter to Schiller ofDecember 4,1931. You will have to do about as you please respecting the course in Problems ofPhi' losophy. So far it has been a rather innocuous one presumed to be the proper intro' duction to Philosophy to mature minds who have heretofore entirely neglected Phi' losophy butwhohope to get in on the ground floor.Thebrilliant idea ofassigning the course was not mine, butratherthe finished and fine Italianwork ofthe President3 or Vice President who felt that the financial depression would somehow be better ifhe arbitrarily gave each one ofus some extra work. This he proceeded to do during my absence in theEast and when I came back the course was all laid. I remonstrated with him that you might not be willing to give it and I couldn’t force the issue with a man ofyour standing. Nowyou give the whole thing away by saying you are quite will' ing and, by golly! youwill have to go throughwith it. In the library, too, the picture provided by Miss Fitch’s reportsis one ofsteady and sometimes irksome industry. True, she had the help of junior members ofthe faculty as well as ofstudent assistants. But there was constantly much to do and seldom time enough in which to do it. (It should be remembered that the librarian had always done the cata^ loguing herself-later, after her death in 1937, that function would be taken over by the Catalog Department ofthe University Library.) In her annual report for 1932^33 she soundedjust a note ofprotest. To assist in the collateral room, on April 6th Hugh Conley began working twelve hours a week. After April nth Dr. Carl Farman took charge ofthe collateral room from one to three hours four mornings ofthe week and Mr. Tuttle was at the desk 2 Presumably Machiavellian: the President’s name was von KleinSmid. 4 72 ^ DR- FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY three afternoons. The various duties and obligations ofthe instructors made it impose sible forthem to keep a regularschedule oflibrary hours so the Librarian was on duty alone during many busy periods. She could not leave the desk to do reference work while thus engaged norsupervise properly the large reading rooms. After the reserve system was started the Librarian was obliged to spend nearly all ofher time on the circulation forthere was an increase ofwork in keeping statistics, collecting fines, etc. It is advantageous for all concerned that the philosophy catalogue be kept up to date but that can not be done when circulation demands so much ofthe Librarian’s time. In !933z34> "Trances McCombs, Paul Helsel [to be a long-time and much/respected member ofthe philosophy faculty], [E.] Pari Welch, FrancisLawyer and Sam Ortegon assisted in the library both semesters. The hours ofservice amounted to 36 hours a week. Mr. Helsel was excused from library work in March after our staffwas increased by S.E.R.A. [California State Emergency Relief Administration] assist/ ants who averaged 22.5 hours a week from the first ofApril.”3 That year “S.E.R.A. assistants read shelves, served at the Reserved Book desk, typed cardsfor the magazine file andmade author cardsfor books notshelved in the regular places. The philosophy Departmentrented a typewriter for the extra typing.”4 And the following year, “Through/ out the first and second semesters the student assistants under the direc/ tion ofthe librarian carried forward the indexing ofthe philosophy magazines. The magazine catalog at the end ofthe year was larger by the addition of 5593 cards. This index is valuable for reference work, answering easily many questions about authors and subjects.”5 A few details lifted from Eva Fitch’s monthly reports, as well, and we are done with this catalogue ofhomely events and humble circum/ stances associated with a partly autonomous branch library in action during the first halfofa rather difficult decade. In November, 1930, there was a useful gift ofGerman books (Kant, Leibniz, and others) by the Frigidaire Sales Corporation. “Many books ofreference were consulted in verifying names and dates” in the course 3 Annual Report, 1933-34. 4 Annual Report, 1933-34. 5 Annual Report, 1934-35- THE thirties: BEYOND DEPRESSION 4 73 J ofcataloguing two manuscripts,seven incunabula, and seven otherrare books in August, 1931; Mr. Sharman, an S.E.R. A. student assistant, worked throughoutMay, 193 4, on a catalogue ofthe rarebooksshelved in Dr. Flewelling’s office; in July of the same year Arthur Knodel, now (1975) a senior member ofthe use French faculty, began work' ing in the library as a student assistant; S.E.R. A. students “dusted more than 11,000 books” in December, 193 4; and in January, 193 5, the li' brarian as cataloguer made analytics for Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Philosophic des Mittelalters, in as much as “Analyzing this series will make available for ready use much valuable material in medieval phi' losophy.” MOSTLY LETTERS I T is time now to consider a few of Schiller’s letters (and one of Fuller’s) which have biographical importance and genuine, ifad/ mittedly uneven, interest for the library. On December 5,1933, after referring to arrangements for his forthcoming “annual Odyssey” to California, Schiller turned to what was obviously a query of Flewel/ ling’s concerning hislatest in a long line ofendeavors to strengthen the faculty by importing distinguished “name” philosophers.1 The where/ 1 The curious case ofBertrand Russell and use must be relegated to a lengthy (largely literary) note; while its bearing on the history ofthe library lies strictly in the realm of “what might have been,” it seems too intrinsically interesting to pass by entirely. On December 16,1931, Flewelling suggested to Schiller: “Why don’t you write us an article on Russell’s ‘Scientific Outlook’ and let it appear as a leading article for the April number [ofthe Personalist]? Hit him up good and hard and you will please the editor! To me his is one ofthe most clamant evidences of a brilliant mind bent on thinking dogmatically and illogically.” But by late 1938 the situation (and apparently Flewelling’s mind) had changed. Russell wrote on the 16th ofJanuary, 1939, from Chicago: “Ishould be verywilling to considersuch a proposal as seems to be adumbrated in yourletter ofDecember 8, particularly ifit could be for part only ofeach academic year (ofcourse at a proportionately lower salary). This would suit me because I have two children being educated in England, and do not wish to lose touch with them. I cannot, however, say anything very definite until I have a more definite proposal to consider. All that I can say at present is that, in principle, and unless something unforeseen occurs in the very near future, I should be very glad ofsuch a position as seems to be possible.” (Quoted by permission ofThe Bertrand Russell Archives, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. © 1976 Res.-Lib. Ltd.) Writing to Mrs. Carr, March 23,1939, Flewelling somewhat diffidently explained. “I think you already know that it is settled that Radhakrishnan is to be with us through the first semester ofnext year. What you perhaps do not know is that we are considering now the possibility ofBertrand Russell as Visiting Professor for the second semester ofnext year and possibly permanently on half-time. He is to be here next week when the whole matter will be precipitated one way or another. All that we know now is that he is willing to come. We have not yet learned the terms. I am afraid this will meet with your disapproval, but we are able to do nothing at the present time in Symbolic Logic or the Philosophy of Mathematics and I think it might be assumed that he could teach these without working any particular ‘immoral’ quirks into them. Hehas nowreached the agewhen a matterofthis kindmightbeinnocuous. Anyway, I should like to have your reaction to it.” Then, to Edgar S. Brightman, August 9,1939: “Bertrand Russell has failed us and gone to U. C. L. A. where they bid us up on stipend, though we offered him what he asked. Radhakrishnan, too, has just cabled that he cannot come owing to conditions that have arisen in India, so I do not know quite what we shall do for the coming year.” 74 MOSTLY LETTERS 4 75 ^ abouts ofthe enclosure mentioned in the first sentence ofthe quoted portion ofthe letter has not been determined. As for [Hans] Driesch, all I know is what he wrote to me himself(enclosed). I sM judge fromit that he wdjump at any offer U.S.C. cd make him.I am glad to hearthat such things can be contemplated as possible again! Butyou must not ask me to proph^ esy about the future ofthe $, or to guess how much the Almighty will have fallen by next year! I amglad to hear you are sending me a little lightliterature for the voyage, &warm ing you that I shall be importing a whole library ofbooks revd for the Personalist, till you&the librarian&MuddHallshelves groan undertheirweight! The following was written on stationery ofthe Cunard liner Aqui' tania2, during Schiller’s voyage back to England for the Summer and Fall. Allusions are to matters that are either irrelevant to our present purpose, are fairly common knowledge, or will be made sufficiently clear in due time. And finally, in greater detail, to R. F. A. Hoernle, May 28,1940: “Bertrand Russell is not to be with us and I doubt ifit is planned for him to be atU.C.L.A. He came on here with a verbal understanding that he was to come to uslastfall. Then, after a lecture at U.C.L.A., he called me within an hour to be released from his oral understanding because, as he said, they offered him more pay over there. Altogether, it has been a sorry experience for them and one in which we are truly grateful that we are not involved. One would suppose that a man nearly seventy would get over his early foolishness and not insist on filling the youngsters up with talk about premarital experience and trial marriage. This is the matter, whether in his lectures or in his books, I do not know, which has thoroughly aroused our Catholic friends and other Churchmen. I cannot see that it has any real connection with academic freedom. I am sure that the reports, whethertrue or unfounded, would have made it necessary for us to dismiss him ifhe had been here. Those who are responsible for the training of young people cannot treat their responsibilities lightly. Ifthere had been any chance ofhisjoining our faculty, it would now be impossible. I understand that he is to be at Harvard for part of the year next year giving the James Lectures. Afterthat itis perhaps uncertainwhere he may be.” Russell’s account ofthe conclusion of his u cl a “tenure” in the second volume of his Autobiography (Boston, 1968), p. 333, is characteristically terse: “Towards the end of the academic year 1939-1940,1 was invited to become a professor at the College of the City of New York [sic]. The matter appeared to be settled, and I wrote to the President ofthe University ofCalifornia to resign my post there. Half an hour after he received my letter, I learned that the appointment in New York was not definitive and I called upon the President to withdraw my resignation, but he told me it was too late. Earnest Christian taxpayers had been protesting against having to contribute to the salary of an infidel, and the President was glad to be quit ofme.” 3July 2,1934. 4 70 DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY Dear Flewelling, Having labored like a Trojan, I send you herewith thefruits thereof, in the shape ofre, views ofvols iv&v of Peirce, iv shd go in in oct. & v injan; but I shd like proofs of both. I will bring the Nols with me (for the Library) when I return; but I think it wd be well if before that the library acquired vol Nfor the seminar room, as Miss [Ida Mary] Trask will need it & it will be more used than the rest ofthe Works. I had thought that i might need to keep vol. 5for my own use, but now think that it may not be necessary, if1 can get my pragmatism Lecture into definitive shape thissummer. 1 also want to arrange for a full rev. of my new book-Must philers Disagree? which ought now to come out soon, as 1 am taking the corrected paged [sic] proofs & the index ms. over with me. could you do it? And ifyou will be too busy will you offer it 1. to Boodin 2. to Brightman 3. to G. A. Tawney ofill. ? This ship is quitefull, having3681st class passengers & we have had a very pleasant passage. There are even several other philers on board, such as Roscoe pound of Harvard & Bakewell of Yale, who however tells me he has become a philer king, having been sent to congress by Connecticut. (Rep.) 1 expect you are busy with your preparationsforthe philo, sophic conquest ofthe parEast: but 1 hope to meet you in goodform at Prague. My congress paper 1found awaiting me in proofat n. y. : so apparently they are printing the papers in advance, with very kind regards to Mrs Flewelling & yourself Ever yours f. c.s. schiller The next letters is both ominous in foreshadowing the end ofa no/ table career and portentous in a positive sense for its introduction of one ofthe mostsignificantfigures in the history ofthe library. Dear Flewelling, 1 received a couple ofdays ago a communicationfrom the Administration, offering me an appointment as "full professor but with the obligation to lecture at the civicunion, univ. coll be retained & the salary be reduced to $2300. as theformer was the new clause 1 par, ticularly objected to, owing to my precarious health, it will, ifpersisted in, compel me to resign altogether. But there may be some misunderstanding on the part of the president which you can put right. 3Julyn, 1935. MOSTLY LETTERS 4 77 > i am sorry to give so much trouble but it is very hard for me at present to estimate how much work (ifany) I shall be able to do next winter. At present I am interred in bedfor 2 weeks in consequence of a heart upset which came on (apparently) in consequence ofmy having walked a little too much on a hot afternoon, it so happened that 1 had an appoint' ment with a heart specialist next morning & in view ofmy then condition he took a very grave view & ordered me complete rest. 1 was better that very p.m. &felt that 1 cd have gone to the Mind Assn. Meeting (for which 1 had stayed in town) but as the pres, thereof came to see me that was unnecessary, next day 1 [crossed out] we came down to my brothers9 where 1 can sit out in the garden; but our visit to oxf. had had to be postponed & 1 dont know what can be done about vacating my rooms, which are 2 pair up, in view of the tabu on stair climbing. At the same time 1 look &feel perfectly well, in token whereof1 enclose a book rev.forthe personalist. There is another matter 1 may as well mention, as my return to work seems rather prob' lematical just now. 1 had a letter recentlyfrom Heinrich Gomperz, the son ofthe great his' torian ofGk. phiUJor whom 1 had been trying to do something at oxfr. last year. He has been retiredfrom his (full) prof.'ship at Vienna with a miserable pittance, & has had to begin selling his library, (rhe truth is that the present Austrian gov1, is worse than the German, expelling both ‘non'Aryans’ & Nazis, & appointing only rc.s preferably priests). 1 have met g. at various congresses & think he wd be more suited to u.s.c. condi' tions than either Husserl or Driesch. He is amiable, with pleasant manner, & his English is quite good, you will seefrom the enclosed list of his writings that he is rather a special' ist in ancient phih. you willfind a rev. ofhis last work in [sic] by me in the April Mind. so ifyou think the department needs strengthening & want to insure against my falling out, you might do worse than to make him an offer. He wd be cheap & his address is Vienna (wien) Austria Griinbergstrasse 25. with kindest regards to Mrs. Flewelling & yourselfin which my wife joins 1 remain Ever yours f. c.s. schiller p.s. it appearsfrom g9s letter that he is afriend &former pupil ofpresident Masaryk. It should be explained that Flewelling, on October 26,1933,^written to Edmund Husserl asking whether that great exponent ofcontinental phenomenology “could be induced to come to [use] on a per- 4 78 > DR- FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY manent, a part-time, or even a one year’s visiting basis... .”4 And the absent-minded4 1’ ’ for6 4we’ ’ in Schiller’s secondparagraphis a reminder that he had recently married Louise Strang Griswold, an instructor in the Fine Arts Departmentwhomhe had met at us c. Onjuly 12,193 5, Fuller wrote from Sherborn, Massachusetts: I finished the last lap ofmy journey the noon ofthe 4th-a kind oftriumphal pro" gress&continualsalvo offire^crackers. NowI havekissed allmydear ones-& onesless dear, & am busy clearing out the house. The books-choosing which to send to Cali" fornia, & which not-is one hell ofajob. I think I must have two orthree thousand of them. Never again, in the remainder ofmy earthly life, will I accumulate....I am go" ing to present the library with a nice Aristotle of1550 or thereabouts and a few other tidbits. This is trivial enough. But it affords an opportunity to mention here that Fullerwould shortly be a kind ofunofficial “bibliographer” to the Hoose Library. He left behind numerous boxes of cards representing various stages ofthe book selection process-those returned by the librarian because the books were already in the library, or on order, or had been reported sold; or for further checking, reconsideration, etc. In addition, there is an extensive file ofdesiderata which is obviously the result of assiduous checking ofthe catalogues ofBlackwell’s and other foreign and domestic dealers. (On November 7 ofthe previous year he had written from Santa Barbara, where he had gone for a minor operation: “I suppose the catalogues are collecting-&I hope some more books coming in.”) Hundreds ofvolumes acquired during the thirties and early forties carry the cataloguer’s handwritten“Fuller, identifying him as originator ofthe purchase. Only a part ofSchiller’s letter ofAugust 25,1935, can be given here, interesting as his (omitted) analysis ofthe “cloudy” European scene is. 4 Nothing came ofwhatHerbert Spiegelberg calls “this amazing invitation,” though Husserl was apparently tempted. For an extremely interesting article on the entire episode, together with a transcription and translation of“Letter Concerning Phenomenology by Edmund Husserl in Answer to a Communication from E. Pari Welch,” a nine-page typescript with holograph additions, in the Library, see Spiegelberg, “Husserl’s Way into Phenomenology for Americans: A Letter and Its Sequel,” Phenomenology: Continuation and Criticism: Essays in Memory ofDorian Cairns, ed. F. Kersten and R. Zaner (The Hague, 1973), pp. 168-91. MOSTLY LETTERS 4 79 > Yours ofthe 5 threached me a few days ago here [GrandHotel,Jersey] where I have been recuperating for the last 10 daysin gorgeous weather, warm but not too warm. I have made good progress, but after 5 weeks in bed one’s hind legs do not function again at once, & stair'dimbing will probably remain a permanent tabu imposed on me by the medicine man. What condition I shall be in Feb. next is hard to say, but I think it would be prudent for you not to count on me (except perhaps for an occa' sional Forum lecture-and you have not sent me the topics ofthese) for anything in the way ofregular work. Ifyou want to retain my name on the books ofthe School ofPhilosophy, you can putme on sick leave or make me a prof, emeritus. Meanwhile you might give Gomperz a trial, who will probably be more anxious now than ever to get out ofEurope. It is true that he rather parallels Fuller, but then so did I, & you could economize considerably on me, as ofcourse ifI did so little as I have indicated, I sM not expectmore than nominal pay. I have been awaiting your little book on China [Reflections on the Basic Ideas ofEast and West: A Study in Cultural Contrasts, 193 5] but it hasn’t come yet. But en revanche I enclose a couple ofbook reviews which clears up myrev. obligationsto thePersonal^ ist. I suppose that ifany more vols. ofMead or C. S. Peirce come out you will send them on.I shd also like to do the newvol. ofF. H. Bradley’s arts,which is announced. We hope to go to Oxford shortly to clear out my belongings out ofmy rooms, a troublesome task which may well take a month, but must be done before term be' gins. Ishall have to decidewhatis 1) to be thrown away, 2) sold, 3) given to mybroth' ers, 4) taken to Calif. Underthe last heading I wish I knewwhat booksthe Mudd Hall Librarywdhave a use for; butyou cannot probably gethold ofFullerto tellyou ofhis want list. The only book I have in mind at present as likely to be acceptable is a copy ofPaley’s Works, given as a Prize at Rugby to C.L. Dodgson (“Lewis Carroll”). I boughtit atthe sale ofhis books. After such liberal recourse to written communication from abroad (withstillmore to come), it is no more than right thatFlewelling should be allowed to interject what has been a rarity so far in these pages-an entire letter in (in this case composite, and in one important respect tardy) reply. September 23,1935 My dear schiller, Your various unanswered letters have been ofexceeding interest to me and only my pre' occupation with other affairs has kept mefrom writing. The situation is so complicated here that it has been difficultfor me to move with regard 4 80 ^ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY to Gomperz without endangering our whole program, and I do not know now that it is set' tied until I getfinal written wordfrom the head, do you think that Gomperz would come for the somewhat nominal amount we are paying you? I expect that is as much as I could wangle out ofthe administration. I cannot write very much about this but will tell you the whole story when I see you again. i hope you will be able to take yourregular work next semester, but at any rate we do not want you to sever your connections with us, and I think [the University] will be glad to grant you sick'leave or to put you on the emeritus list, ifafter a time you do notfeel able to carry on. with respect to your library, I have had a talk with Fuller, who is just backfrom New England, and hefeels, as do I, that it would be a great help to us to have your library even though many ofyour books were duplicates, we have practically no duplicates now and we need them, consequently, we shall be most happy to receive any ofyour books or all ofthem and are willing to provide a special placefor them in the library, ifyou wish, ifyou sent them here, you would have them where you would have easy access to them, and they could form a part of an f. c.s. schiller special collection, where we have only a few men who read the Greek and Latin, we have some, and our only chance to utilize their knowledge is by the possession ofthe necessary books in Greek and Latin, which it is very difficultfor us to purchase out ofthe regular budget, ifeel very certain that we need them much more than oxford does, which already has a plethora ofthissort ofthing, and Irecall how the shelves of the Bodleian Library already bulged with its hidden volumes, we will, of course, be happy to pay the cartage and freight on these books, providing they come to the noose Li' brary. ofcourse it will be a great delight to have Dodgson s set ofPaley. we are watching with great interest the war developments and hope that some way can be made to save Mussolini’sfacefor the sake ofthe world, though personally Ishould like to see it slapped, we will all ofus rejoice in the strong stand taken by Britain, though we do not want to see them go to war. There is at present in America a very strongfeeling that the united states will not go to war under any circumstances that may arise, but“circum' stances alter cases.” we hope that you are recovered andfeeling your normal selfagain and that you are tak' inggood care ofyourself. i am enclosing herewith thefirst semester list oftheforum, i do not know how soon you expect to be back with us, but had not expected you much before the end ofthefirst semester. MOSTLY LETTERS < 8l > ifyou arc coming earlier an! will take your pick ofsubjectsfrom any one ofus that has two, we will be glad to have you appear on thefirstsemester program, we have not yet gotten out the listfor the second semester, as I have been quite a bit behindhandfor the work thisfall. Mrs. carr has arrived safely and begins classes tomorrow. with kindest personal regards to Mrs. schiller and yourself, in which Mrs. 'Flewelling joins me, icoursfaithfully, [R.T. Flewelling] We must return reluctantly to the principle ofselectivity in dealing with two additional Schiller letters. From Old House, Betchworth, Surrey, October 4,1935: I have not had a reply to my letters from Betchworth &Jersey, presumably be' cause you are awaiting more definite news about my health, which I hereby proceed to give. I have made some progress & got through the packing^up^at-^Oxford ordeal without damage, thanksto mywife’s care; but very little exertion still sends my pulse up, & I fearI am to become a “ground sloth,” prohibited from mounting the gold (& a fortiori other) stairs & destined for the La Brea Pits. So the U. S. C. Lecture List of which a copy reached me a day or 2 ago, with its announcement of regular lecture course I amto give,seemsto me hopelessly optimistic.Themostto which I can pledge myselfis perhaps a couple ofForumLectures. ButI have had no word fromyou as to what topics youwish treated. And ofcourse I will continue to write forthe Personal/ ist ifyou wish it.... At Oxfordwhere we staid [sir] 4 weeks, Iscrapped a lot ofjunk; Isent a lot more to Betchworth & Calif, & sold the greater part ofmy library, including a complete set of Mind from the start. I hesitated to do this because I thought the Mudd Library might want to complete its file; but did not know how much it had. I have however stipulated that I can bring the whole Series back for what I got for it, viz ^22, before Jan 1. Also as a peace offering I am bringing you a copy of Paley’s Works which Lewis Carroll alias C.L. Dodgson got as a School Prize at Rugby about 1848 & I bought at the sale ofhis books.... The last ofSchiller’s letters to be considered hereS was the bearer of bad news from more than one front. We got here [Betchworth] the day before y’day & found yours ofSept 23. Yester^ day I was vetted by my medico, who found me better in various ways as compared 5 October io, 1935. 4 82 J DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY with his last view ofme in Aug, notably in blood pressure (down to 190). But he was opposed to my doing any lecturing in my present state, & I am afraid I am not very likely to improve especially between now and the 2nd semester for you or U.S.C. to count on me. So it seems to be sick leave or emeritedness, either ofwhich I should greatly appreciate. My last letterwill have apprised you that your request for mylibrary has come too late! I am only taking a selected remainder, tho’ the total amounts to 13 cases, on which I have today paid 15^12^0 freight. I haven’t heard anything more from Gom^ perz but think he wdprobably come for anything that wdenable him to live outside ofthe uncongenial atmosphere ofAustria, which is now more likely than ever to go Nazi, either because Musso will surrender it to Hitler to buy German support, or be/ cause the weakening ofItaly will encourage a successful rising within. The whole European situation is mostfrightfullyinvolved,&there is a greatdeal to come outyet. The “selected remainder” apparently formed the greater part ofthat group ofSchiller’s books which came to the library after his death. As we have seen, he had presented single items over the years, some of them ofconsiderable interest; but it would seem to be ofno great inv portance to chart the arrival times ofparticular titles. Taken together, his gifts, amounting to upwards of150 volumes according to a list, not necessarily definitive, compiled in 1947, constitute a miscellaneous lot (not, happily, a “lot ofjunk”), ranging from a solitary number ofthe Proceedings ofthe American Society for Psychical Research, through such usefulworks asW. D. Ross’s translation o£theNichomacheanEthics ofAristotle (1925), Bergson s Dreams(1924), andEdward Zeller’sPteo and the Older Academy (1876), to numerous books ofthe later Amerh cans-five by Dewey, four by H.M. Kallen, three by G.H. Mead. It should come as little surprise, by the way, that one also finds here S.E. Lang’s The Story ofPhilosophy in Verse (1934) and (not now in the Ip brary: it has been lost) Leon Moses’ The Comedy ofPhilosophy (1937). Dodgson’s “set ofPaley,” actually one volume (1838), neatly bound in calfwith the Rugby insignia in gold on the front cover, was among those books presented to the library as soon as Schiller returned to Los Angeles. A typewritten note pasted on the verso ofthe front free end' paper tells a story ofmultiple association. MOSTLY LETTERS 4 83 > This book, a gift from Dr. F. C. S. Schiller to the Philosophy Library, has an inters estinghistory.TheMasters ofRugby School gave it as a mathematicalprize toCharles Lutwidge Dodgson, “Lewis Carroll,” in 1848. The presentation note on the opposite fly leafis signed with initials A.C.T., Archie bald Campbell Tait, who was successively Head Master ofRugby School, Dean of Carlisle, Bishop ofLondon and Archbishop ofCanterbury. He was an uncle bymap riage ofGeraldine (Spooner) Carrwho was brought up in his home. The phrase above the note ofpresentation, “Ex libris,” is without doubt the writ' ing ofC.L. Dodgsonwhose “school boy hand” was well known. XII. MONUMENTA AND THE LAW OF DIMINISHING RETURNS P rofessor Flewelling was away duringmuch of1934-3 5- fust attending the International Congress ofPhilosophyatPrague; and then, in accordance with an old ambition, serving as Visiting Professor at the College of Chinese Studies, Peiping (known as CaliforniazinChina), where he occupied a chair maintained by Seeley Greenleaf Mudd. Ofcourse this represented only a small first step toward realize ing his ten-year-old plan-or dream-of an East-West cooperative for the advancement ofworld understanding. On May 25, 1935, he had written to W. S. Mitchell: I may have told you a bit about my oriental project for the bringing ofgraduate studentsfromthe Orient to study in the School ofPhilosophy, and for an exchange of professorships between us and theEast. I have beenworking and praying overthisfor ten years, but itrequires a million dollars ofendowmentto putit over, and thatseems at present almost impossible. I am happy to say, though, that I believe this or some portion ofthis program may be carried out. In pursuance ofthe general plan I have accepted appointment as visiting professor in Peiping next year, and shall visit the main universities ofChina andJapan. Shall probably not be able to get further than that. During his absence the work ofthe library went on steadily ifunspectacularly. Professors Long, Searles, and Fuller, among others-especially Fuller-were on hand to keep the requests flowing.1 Spring acquisitions included (March) Jean Belot, Oeuvres (1640) and Henry 1 And to make some handsome personal gifts. Around Christmas, 1935, Fuller presented a very attractive association item (association de luxe). This was a copy ofHarold E. Stearns’s Civilization in the United States: An Inquiry by Thirty Americans (New York, 1922) which had belonged to Santayana and in which Fuller’s old teacher had almost literally filled many ofthe margins with pencilled comments. Among the contributors to Stearns’s symposium were such critics as Lewis Mumford, H. L. Mencken, GeorgeJean Nathan, and Van Wyck Brooks. With 84 Monumenta & the law of diminishing returns 4 85 J More, A Modest Inquiry into the Mystery ofIniquity andApology (1664); and (April) Tractsfor the Times by Members ofthe University ofOxford (6 vols., 1840)-not the original edition. In May, 1935, the library received itstwenty-volume Werke ofNietzsche (Leipzig, 1910-26). Back in Los Angeles in the Fall of 1935, Flewelling set to work in earnest to secure a copy of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica, that truly monumental repository ofsources in medieval history and philosophy aboutwhich he had inquired at Blackwell’s as early as 1932.’ Starting publication in 1826 (Hanover and Berlin), the Monumenta comprises folio, quarto, and octavo series (Scriptores, Leges, Diplomata, Epistolae, etc.) amounting to 120 volumes in all up to 1935; and its bibliography is far from simple. Now the resulting correspondence, by cable and letter, to and from Europe and Los Angeles (and to and from Los Angeles and Beverly Hills-a local dealer, Edward H. Terry, being one ofthose with at least one proposition to make) lasted nearly a year, with Mary Sinclair Crawford, Dean ofWomen and Professor ofFrench, heartilyjoining in-Flewelling alwayshud the sound advice ofLawrence Riddle, also Professor ofFrench. After much negotiation and re-negotiation, considerable talk ofbindings andwrappers, original publications and reprints, prices, terms, and rates ofexchange, the firm of Swets & Zeitlinger of Amsterdam was finally settled on as purveyor. But not before Rufus B. von KleinSmid himselfhad been brought into the matter. Indeed, a part of Flewelling s memorandum to the Presidents on the eve ofpurchase for $2,650 may be quoted both forits clearly-stated estimation ofthe work’s scholarly value and for the inmany ofthem Santayana sharply disagreed on particular points; and his marginal responses are expressed in vigorous and elegant, albeit private, terms. Not really private, though. The pages ofthis book were obviously no less than his worksheets for “Marginal Notes on Civilization in the United States,” the leading article (review de luxe) in The Dial forJune, 1922. Enough of the strictures were rejected for use there, however, for the remainder to form the basis ofan interesting article by DonaldBurrill in Coranto, V, No. 2 (1968), 12-19. 3 Letter to B. H. Blackwell, October 17,1932* 3 October 29,1936. 4 86 ^ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY sight it affords into the Director’s pride in the library and his tendency to “think big” but to think sound (howeverrestricted his base) when it came to major book-buying decisions. Theworkwould be valuable in the study ofphilosophy because it containsthe origin nal materials ofmedieval philosophy,many ofwhich are unobtainable in any other form. In addition to this, it is important for research work in history. Should any of our students take the notion to do research work in law, they would find that section ofthe set necessary. Any study ofthe development ofChristianity in the medieval church would likewise find it necessary. It is a work of the utmost importance to German literature in its earliest development. The volumes on diplomacy, which range from Charlemagne’s on down, would be invaluable for students ofinternational rela' tions... [anice touch, in viewofthe President’s main academic preoccupation]. I believe, that, because ofthe special interest ofthis set and the very great contribu" tion to our research facilities, this is probably the best opportunity we shall have in some years. We have been able to gather together in Hoose Library one ofthe most distinguished bibliographical libraries (I would say the most distinguished were it not fortheHuntingtonLibrary) on thePacific coast. Whenwe can secure the Monumenta Germaniae, we shall have filled a very painful gap in our otherwise notable collection, as we already have the Scriptores Italicarum,^ the Histoire Littdraire de la France 5 and Migne’s Patrologiae; the latter is, apparently, one ofthe only three sets on the Pacific coast,fromwhicheventheHuntingtonLibraryborrowedsomevolumesnotlongago. Here Flewelling doesn’tsay so specifically, but it is clear, both from the fact that the memorandum was written at all, and more partial' larly from a passage in a letter to Seeley GreenleafMudd a few months later (shortly to be cited), that he was urging the President to make available supplemental funds for the purchase ofthe Monumenta. But he was to be disappointed; as it turned out, the obligation had to be discharged according to the following rather embarrassing formula.6 The payment for the Germaniae Historica is to be met in the following way during a period ofthree years: 4Ludovici Muratori, Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (1723-70); bought from Terry for $360 in May, 1936. 5 New edition (1865-1927); received in March, 1936. 6 Flewelling memorandum to Mrs. High, December 10,1936. Monumenta & the law of diminishing returns 4 87 J Onhand [the gift ofMrs. A. Coleman Smith] $250 Payable for the next 3 years 250 each year From the Philosophy budget for 3 years $200 each year, making a total of 600 Fromthe Research budget ofthe [University] library $17 annually or a total of 50 This makes a total of$5 50 a year or $1650 for 3 years, the remainder to be matched from the general budget. Letter ofagreementfrom Swets and Zeitlinger attached. Such are the indignities ofgenteel poverty. The question may arise: Why didn’t Flewelling turn to the Mudds, as he had so often done in the past? The answer: the riches ofthat mine were at the momentjust not so readily available as they had once been, and would be again. A little over a year before,? he had approached Harvey with his latest “opportunity”: You will probably recall the very beautiful manuscripts which Dr. Vollbehr had on exhibit in Mudd Memorial a few years ago and our effort to get him to sell us the manuscript portion ofthe collection. At that time he wanted some $20,000 or more for the 14 manuscripts ofthe collection, against the purchase ofwhich I advised be' cause I felt the price was excessive. Evidently he has been unable to dispose ofthese manuscripts, as he wasin the other day to see ifwe were still interested in them. Since there have been no recent additionsto the Mudd Collection forseveral years now, I am wondering ifyou would be interested in making such an outstanding ad' dition to the collection as would become quite notable. Vollbehr now offers these 14 manuscripts for $7,000.1 think they’re probably worth that. He claims that that is onedialfofwhat he paid forthem.Possibly a first offer of$5,000 might be considered by him, though I have no reason to think so excepting that he probably needs the money and there has not been so ready a sale ofthis material oflate. I am enclosing the descriptions ofthe manuscripts, which I would like to return to himin case you arenotinterested. Harvey Mudd was interested all right, but not to the point ofaffirma' tive action: 7September 23, 1935. 4 88 > DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY I have your letter of September 23rd about the Vollbehr manuscripts. I can well understand that they would be a notable addition to the Library and from what you write, the price is now reasonable-in fact, it might almost appear to be a bargain. Howeverit is a more expensive bargain than I want to entertain. The descriptions ofthe manuscripts are enclosed. I am sorry that I cannot aid you to grasp the opportunity which Mr. Vollbehr nowpresents.8 8 Harvey S. Mudd to Flewelling, September 25,1935. 9 Touring Topics, April, 1935, p- 36. It will be recalled that many ofOtto R. F. Vollbehr’s books are now among the choicest treasures ofboth the Huntington and the Library ofCongress. As recorded in a published interview with the great cob lector some time earlier,9 to the question “Are there any libraries in the West that have important collections of incunabula, other than the Huntington?” he had replied: You have two very fine collections in California. There was of course Adolph Sutro’s fine collection which he willed to the city ofSan Francisco. It was consider' ably damaged by fire in the earthquake of1906, and vandals added to the damage, I am told. What was saved ofit is now housed in a branch ofthe California State Lb brary at the Civic Centre there. The other collection is here in Southern California.It is in the Mudd Library ofthe School ofPhilosophy at the University ofSouthernCalifornia. Besides these, there is the Los Angeles County Law Library. In bibliographies I should say the School of Philosophy is next in importance to the Huntington here on the Pacific Coast. For a school so recently established, it has gathered an unusually fine catalogue ofrarities. Considering that the collecting ofthis library was done virtually by one man, Dr. RalphTyler Flewelling, the director, it is a remarkable achievement. The memory ofthat endorsement would remain a matter of con/ siderable pride. But while recourse to the magic name ofVollbehr or unspecified allusion to his exciting compliments could be used to in/ spire appreciation, it is clear that now they weren’t always sufficient to elicit corresponding tokens ofmaterial support from either Rufus B. von KleinSmid or Harvey S. Mudd. Monumenta & the law of diminishing returns 4 89 J Furthermore, Seeley GreenleafMudd himselfhad little to offer in the way of encouragement. On February 21, 1936, he wrote to Pro/ fessor Flewelling about the problem ofsome further (more modest) hoped/for acquisitions. I have had the opportunity to talk with Harvey regarding the additions to the Phi/ losophy Library which you brought to my attention. At the moment Harvey is not inclined to add to commitments whichhe has made fromtime to time. The total amount ofmoney involved in the purchase ofthe suggested itemsis $678. Ifthis can be spread out over two or three years, as you suggested whenwe talked to/ gether last, is it not feasible to purchase these books with the funds provided by the Universityand still enable you to acquirewhatyou otherwise would deemnecessary ? Flewelling’s reply10 needs to be given nearly in full for its discussion ofthe disturbing problemoftrying to build upon a foundation,no mat/ ter how firm, without continuing adequate means for the purchase of materials. Itshould be remembered that at this time the annual budget for books fortheHooseLibrary, that4 4very fine”collection,was $1,800. 10 March 3,1936. I amnaturally disappointed that Harvey did notfeel thathe is ablejustnowto make any additions to the Seeley Mudd Collection from the list I sent. It was not my inten/ tion to burden himwith the whole list unless he felt quite willing. A few years ago he gave me carte blanche to purchase anything in the way ofrare booksthat I had an op/ portunity to buy and to send him the bill. This he did for a number ofyears, adding some very fine items to the Mudd Collection. These are items on the whole that can/ not be taken from the regular budget while the demands upon us are so great. We could readily spend $20,000 this year and not have a single purchase that is not sorely needed. I had hoped to persuade the President to give us an additional amount for the pur/ chase ofthe Monumenta Germaniae and was expecting to use this interest as a lever/ age to gethimto grant a little more. The one itemofthe Monumenta will cost $3,000, and since the University will not make commitments on this budget beyond the cur/ rent year, we shall never have enough in the budget at any one time to buy it unless for about three years we were to cease buying altogether, but even then they would not allow us to take on into the following year any amount moved up from the last. 4 90 ^ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY This is the general rule ofthe Trustees for the whole University and, as you see, is probably necessary. When I talked with you I had hopes that something ofthis kind might be worked out but I find now it is impossible. Further, the items I suggested are items that are available now but will not be available in the future. It is exceedingly difficult to get these old manuscripts and out'of'prints because they can seldom be bought on the open market and come to our attention only occasionally and sometimes never pre' sent themselves again. This forms a distinct problem for us quite separate from the ordinary purchase ofcurrent books. The amazing thing is that we have been able to do so well as we have; but our library is very far from that point which is needed for the best research work. XIII. MILESTONES T he twentieth anniversary ofRalphTylerFlewelling’s coming to usc was a time for congratulation and well/wishing.But it was also ayearofunprecedented loss. During thefirstweekofAugust, 193 7, both Schiller andEva Fitch died. Flewelling wrote to Fuller in Paris on September 14 (he was away on a year’s sabbatical completing work on a new book) to remind him ofa gift purchase he had promised and to tell him the sad news. Characteristically, Fuller’s reaction was at once graceful, sardonic, and generous. He replied on October 12, and after giving assurance that he had “written Blackwell’s about the books, asking them to send me a list ofthe bill, which I will discharge, & then to forward the books to the Hoose Library,” he continued: I had heard about Schiller’s death, & Miss Fitch’s in a long letter from Linda MacD [Linda MacDonald, sometime departmental secretary], before you wrote me. Both ofthem are well out ofit. The exits from life-&, as my sister/indaw adds, the en/ trances into it-are very clumsily managed in this, the best of all possible worlds. I think it would be nice to have some sort ofmemorial to Miss Fitch, in the Hoose Li/ brary, & I should like the little collection from Blackwell’s which I am sending you, to be inscribed, not as a giftfrom me, but inmemory ofher. Fuller also gave some account ofscholarly activity which cannot be altogetherignored before going on to othermatters more directly com cerned with the library. Proofs pursue me everywhere. On the boatI read part ofthe book/proofofVol. I, & some galleys ofVol. II, & found more waiting for me in Paris. The book shows signs ofbeing hurried. I could have done better, ifH.H. [Henry Holt] & Co. had not pressed me. But it will pass. As Santayana once said ofCatholicism, using the So/ cratic metaphor ofmidwifery, “When it is once outside you, you find it quite a nice child.” Its epiphany should take place some time during thewinter. Schiller’s departure was in truth badly handled. He suffered misera/ bly for several monthsfrom his cardiovascular condition; and, despite 91 4 92 ^ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY the best intentions ofeveryone concerned, his going was accompanied by a certain amount ofbitterness between Flewelling and Mrs. Schiller. There was misunderstanding, and on one side recrimination, about the frequency ofvisits to the sickroomat 3 710GlobeAvenue,Palms; about how much Personalist reviewing Schiller should be asked (or allowed) to do; aboutwhether he had been properly treated over the years as an unusually distinguished member of the faculty. Flewelling couldn’t have been a more ardent devotee and friend ofthe failing philosopher, and his replies to the suspicions and accusations of an anguished wife were invariably conciliatory. But they were mostly unavailing; and the surviving correspondence is painful to read. After hisdeaththerecontinuedtobeunpleasantness concerning Schild ler’s endowment oftheWilliamJamesEssayPrize and somePersonalist articles which Mrs. Schiller wanted to use in a posthumous volume of essays (OurHuman Truths, 1939), as well as the interim and apparently also final disposition ofhis portrait which had recently been painted, from a photograph, by John Hubbard Rich. That troublesome affair was resolved by having the same artist produce a replica, largely paid for by LouisJ. Hopkins, a lay enthusiast, which now hangs in Bowne Hall. (With his innate tendency to look on the bright side ofthings, Flewelling pronounced it superior to the original-and indeed why not?) But the remainder of Schiller’s personal library, several manm scripts and proofs ofhis own books, and apparently also the copyright of Logic for Use, were dutifully turned over to the library and the School. An intriguing chapter in local history must not be marred by dwelling unduly on griefinduced irritability-partly attributable to charges by some that Mrs. Schiller’s motives in marrying an older and eminent man were not altogether worthy-whichin any event largely lacks pertinence in the context of a brief account of the rise and establishment of the Hoose Library. An impertinent afterthought: Could Flewelling have been greatly blamed if, remembering Socrates and Xanthippe and Schiller’s Must Philosophers Disagree?, he had com MILESTONES 4 93 ^ templated an essay to be called “Must Philosophers’ Wives Be Dis/ agreeable ? Memorial exercises were held for Eva L. Fitch and Ferdinand Can/ ning Scott Schiller in Bowne Hall, October 26, 1937, President von KleinSmid presiding. By all accounts, Miss Fitchwas an extremely un/ assuming person. And ifit had been left to her it is doubtful that she would have consented to a mere custodian’s appearing on the same program with an expounder and creator ofbooks, a friend ofWilliam James (acknowledged leader ofthe “Golden Age” philosophers), and perhaps the most distinguished “name” and personality ever to grace the roster ofthe use School ofPhilosophy on a regular basis. Louis Hopkins,whohadbeen aspecial confidant,spokeon ‘‘Professor Schiller As a Man and Friend”; and Wilbur Long read “Significant Excerpts from the Writings ofProfessor Schiller.” But first came an address “In Appreciation ofLibrarian Fitch” by Herbert L. Searles. This was never published; but happily Professor Searles retained a copy and it is now possible, through his kindness, to print for the first time part of a sensitive appraisal of one strategically/placed librarian and, more generally, ofthe university library as an institution. This morning as I sat in the beautiful library upstairs, once again seeking to catch the spirit ofthe place, I recalled that I had, eversince knowing her, associated the per/ son ofMiss Fitch with its simple beauty and its greatness and sincerity ofpurpose. There, surrounded by books laden with the record ofcreative scholarship, encircled by the plaques bearing the images ofsaint and sage, she had worked without ostenta^ tion, and in quiet dignity, until now this place ofloveliness seemed symbolic ofher life.... We rememberhertodayas onewho foundherhighestsatisfaction in the fulfillment ofa task which she had chosen for its basic value to the cause ofEducation. She had divined the secret ofthose values for which men and women strive, ofmore worth than material rewards, or the plaudits ofthe multitude. She had tasted the twoTold source oflasting satisfaction granted to those whose lives are devoted to the service of enlightenment ofthe human spirit. The satisfaction ofseeing generations ofstudents as they come and go, gain in breadth ofmind, in knowledge and effectiveness. Also 4 94 ^ DR- FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY the satisfaction, ifpossible even greater, ofseeing year after year, one ofthe chiefin" struments ofeducation become more and more perfected and adequate to itstask. The Library in a modern University stands in a peculiar position as a mediating agent midway between the spiritual activity ofthe classroom, and the more tangible equipment ofthe physical plant, and is in a real sense part ofboth. It stands as custO" dian and dispenser ofthe scholarship ofthe past, delivering it to the present for rein" terpretation in the life ofeach new generation ofstudents, and for testing by the al" chemy of ever"changing demands ofmodern life. The library is the connecting link between the generations ofstudents, the faculty, and scholars of other times and places. It is the harvester and preserver ofthe ages, yielding that element ofspiritual and intellectual permanence whichwe call the life ofculture. Some ofthe pleasanter events ofan eventful year can perhaps be seen most clearly in the following exchange. On December 9, Flewelling wrote to Fuller: Things are going along famously at the old school. I have managed to reap certain modest harvests offinancial support out ofthe summer’s work, and, mirabile dictu, we have nineteen great boxes ofbooksstored in roomsevenwaiting the acquirement ofshelving when theywill be opened and put on the shelves. You will be glad to know, also, that Schillerleft provision to take care oftheJames Essay Prize and that he has willed us that portion ofhis library which is in America. He also made arrangementsto take care ofthePersonalistsubscription. Last night the Argonauts gave a dinner in connection with the monthly meeting, inhonor ofmy twentiethyearhere. The faculty and students certainly did themselves proud. I felt a little bit like the Methodist prayermeeting thatmet to pray forrain and were overtakenwith a flood before they could gethome. You will be glad to know that we have already overrun the budgetsome hundreds ofdollars in order to pay approximately $450 freight and expenses on the Gomperz books. I am letting other people do the worrying about them and I go down occa" sionally to look at the boxes and count themto see ifthey are all there. Fuller’s reply (January 18,1938) contained much about his travels, which he had greatly enjoyed after finishing work on the page proofs ofA History ofPhilosophy (New York, 1938). Then there were other, homlier ifno lessinteresting, remarks. I am so pleased we got the Gomperz collection all right, & shall have Schiller’s library as well. Youhad better be looking around forsome one to add onto the library for us! MILESTONES 4 95 > I wish I could have been at the Argonauts’ dinner in your honour. By the way were the prayerful Methodists halfseas over or under before they got home ? AletterfromHenry Holt & Co. tells me thatmy own magnum opus will appearlate this month-& has been commended by outsiders who have read the proof. You will all receive copiesin due time. I hope youwillfind itsufficiently annoying. My best to everybody-magistri, discipuli, puellapulcherissima.. .etc. etc. P. S.-About next year. Work me in as may be most convenient to the schedule of the School. Only no eight o clocks out ofrespect to my gray hairs-and I would like to concentrate myworksto Mon.Wed. Fri. etc.-&have Tues & Thurs. free. Flewelling’s next (March 16, 1938) was in his usual manner, with Fuller, ofgood-natured ifslightly forced attempt to reciprocate. It gave me great pleasure to receive the story ofyourIliad and it is a great comfort to know that your Odyssey has begun.... Apropos ofyour question as to whether the “prayerful Methodists” were halfseas over or under before they got home, we had naturally to be halfseas over before we could get home, but I do say that under the circumstances in which we found our' selves, prayerfulness was a supreme virtue and stood us in good stead. Like the usual drinking man says, we can eithertake it orleave it alone and we mostly leave it alone. We have all ofus received copies ofyour magnum opus which is being quite gener' ally commended and has already drawn a very nice reviewin“one ofthe three greatest newspapers ofAmerica,” the Los Angeles Times. Many thanks for the personal references, both in the introduction and in the body, though how can you hold that personalism is disintegrating under California climate? No siree! I am passing on yourschedule requests to the “puella pulcherissima” [LucyWaitt, secretary] for herprayerful consideration. Ifthe reader has an uneasy feeling that he has missedsomething-that at theveryleast he shouldhavebeenprovidedwithglossesfor‘‘nineteen great boxes,” “$450 freight,” “Gomperz books”-he has responded nicely according to plan. There, lack of explication was frankly designed to rouse curiosity about the subject ofthe chapters that immediately follow. They deal with what is undoubtedly the single most important bibliographical episode, or series ofepisodes, in the history ofthe library. XIV. HEINRICH GOMPERZ I T may be recalled that in the summer of193 5 Schiller had suggested to Flewelling that “ifyou think the department needs strengthen ing & want to insure against my falling out, you might do worse than make [Heinrich Gomperz] an offer. He wd be cheap & his address is Vienna (Wien) Austria Griinbergstrasse 25.” In retrospect, and espe^ daily as regards the strengthening ofthe library, it must be acknowh edged that he could scarcely have done better. That Gomperz “wd be cheap” would, fromhis point ofview, turn out to be true enough; and indeed the financial struggle of his later years constitutes one ofthe least pleasing aspects ofthe story to be told here. Ironically, however, even that continuing episode or circumstancewould not bewithout its more positive significance. Flewelling’s cherished opportunities, even when they might appear from other perspectives to be rather exigent cies, or unfortunate necessities, had a way ofyielding long-term instil tutional benefits. Heinrich Gomperz was born in Vienna in 1873 the son ofTheodor Gomperz,the classicalscholar andphilologist, author ofGreek Thinkers, and friend ofJohn Stuart Mill. Despite an early predilection for the law, Heinrich became in his own right a distinguished philosopher, scholar, and author(Kritik des Hedonismus[1898], Sophistik und Rhetorik [1919], Die indische Theosophie [1925], Verstehen undErklaren [1929]); and, most happily, bibliophile. His credentials and associations were imposing: he numbered among his teachers Adolf Harnack, Franz Brentano, andTomas Masaryk (who was to become the first president ofCzechoslovakia); and two ofhis friends were Sigmund Freud and Ernst Mach, the latter, in Gomperz’s words, the very “incarnation of the scientific spirit.” Freud is supposed to have remarked that he had known only two persons whose dreams he had been unable to fathom 96 HEINRICH GOMPERZ 4 97 > and that Gomperz was one ofthem. In this connection, and at the risk ofcommitting the ultimate pumoffense-not only failing to repudiate but actually trying to perpetuate a conceit-seemy remarkin tkieAmeri' can Book Collector1 that "Perhaps, glancing around at his friend’s wellstocked shelves, even Freud might concede that on occasion it is better to realize a dream than to analyze one.” Reference ofcourse was to the fact that Gomperz, with considerable early help from his father, had put togetherwhatwas widely regarded as the finest collection ofEuropean philosophy then in private hands. 1 Heinrich Gomperz, “The Gomperz Collection,” ed. Wallace Nethery, XII, No. 2 (October, 1961), 7. * “Autobiographical Remarks,” The Personalist, "XXIV (1943), 268. In 1934, as the only senior member ofthe faculty ofthe University ofVienna who chose to resist Chancellor Dollfuss’ "irresistible popular movement,” in reality a home-variety dictatorship in some ways even more repressive than its cousin (or Germanzuncle) National Socialist regime, he was "prematurely retired” on an almost insultingly small pension-in Schiller’s words, a "miserable pittance.” Actually, he was dismissed by the government ofKurt von Schuschnigg, who had been elevated to the chancellorship after Dollfuss’ assassination in the National Socialist uprising ofjuly, ostensibly for the purpose of"making savings in the budget.” He immediately petitioned to continue as a "free lecturer” and after two months’ time out for deliberation the authorities decided that, yes, hewould be allowed to lecture without pay, though only "on non-essential subjects and not more than three hours aweek.” "Thereyouhave Schuschnigg in anut-shell”!2 saysthe scholar who could turn a phrase in English as well as in German. Gomperz’s wide range ofinterests naturally embraced the political. And his conclusions in that area, reached after poignant first-hand experience, are at the very least interesting-if they are not in fact, depending upon one’s special point ofview, completely persuasive. In 4 98 J DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY any event, it is clear enough that on that score, as on many others, he was eminently acceptable to Flewelling and use. The events I had witnessed in Austria impressed me profoundly and have changed my political outlook. I came to the conclusion that a government on which all citi/ zens depend economically is also in a position to dominate them spiritually. Freedom when not backed up by some measure of economic independence is helpless. The idea that the state may take over all the means ofproduction and that freedom ofex/ pression will yet be maintained is an illusion....Personally, I feel that liberty is a higher value than security.3 Heinrich Gomperz came to use for the Spring, 1936, to teach courses in the Presocratics, Aristotle,free-will and responsibility, and themind' body problem. His remuneration was only $2,000 but that he was grateful is clearly shown by his letter to Flewelling at the end ofthat first term,June 3,1936. I was extremely sorry to learn that you had already left the university, when I came out ofclass this afternoon, since thereby I was deprived ofthe opportunity oftaking leave personally, and ofthanking you again most cordially for all the kindness you and Mrs. Flewelling have shown us during our stay here. In particular, you have not only invited me to come for a semester, but you have almost at once suggested my comingbacknextyear and have moreover carried out this suggestionbyyourrecom/ mendation, whereby you have helped us in the most efficient way possible to build up a new existence, which could hardly be expected anymore in the case ofa man of my age. When we came, we really had no idea what Southern California and its Univer/ sity was going to be, and we were certainly prepared to find things not only different from what they are at home, but also strange and rather bewildering. We have been delighted to find that nothing ofthe kind turned up at all. We came into a paradise, and we were received as ifwe deserved to live in it, which certainly we-or I, at any rate-do not. You were the guiding spirit ofits inhabitants and it is certainly, to a very great extent, to you that we owe this reception which has made us feel at home so very soon, so that we are now doubly delighted and doubly grateful to be able to come back next year. The correspondence ofthenextfewyearsmakesless uniformlyagree' 3 “AutobiographicalRemarks,” 268-69. HEINRICH GOMPERZ <99> able reading. Not that there wasn’t a fair measure of good will all the wayaround.Butthe factremainsthat therewasfrequenttensioncaused by the inability ofan Administration struggling, as always, with prob' lems ofmoney, to manage, either in the form ofenough work, or, alternatively, in a large enough salary for half-time employment, to give Gomperz what he courteously but firmly insisted was necessary for a minimallycomfortable existence afternearlyalifetime ofdistinguished contribution to learning. He taught halfayear in I937for $3,000, a full yearin 193 7'3 8 for $4,000, half a year again in 193 9 for $3,000, and the entire year 1939'40 for $3,500. At that point (Fall, 1939) there arose a kind ofcrisis ofconfidence when Professor Gomperz was told that he couldn’t expect more than a one'semester appointment during 1940Z 41 at, apparently, less than the $3,000 he had received for a like period in 193 9. He wrote to Flewelling onJanuary 3 0,1940, to point out that when the President told me in the spring of193 8 that he was notsure whetherI might count on more than a J^ year engagement in the future, I was warranted in understanding this to mean (and I feel sure the President did mean it in this way) that I could always be sure ofat least a minimum-income of$3000 per year in this institution. It is also a positive fact that (wisely or unwisely) [he continued] Ishould not then have decided to begin the liquidation ofmy affairs at home and not to return to Germany, ifI had not feltsure ofthis. Even as it was, you may remember that I was very hesitantwhetherI ought to take a step entailing, sooner orlater (what has nowindeed come to pass), the loss ofmy pensionin Germany. Indeed, you then said to me I ought not to take an attitude ofdistrust but ought to feel that I was in the hands offriends.- IfI overcame my hesitation, it was solely because I felt entitled tojudge the situation as stated above.... Finally, I feel I ought to emphasize once more that, since my pension at Vienna has now been stopped, I can hardly be styled a “Visiting Professor from the University ofVienna” anymore. Moreover, the title ofa “Visiting Professor tendsto make my position here appearstill more unsafe than, I hope, it is. I know, dear Dr. Flewelling, that you will do all in your power to bring about a solution that does not overlook the points stressed in this letter; I am very sorry to have to cause you additional worry; and I fully appreciate your efforts on my behalf and am most cordially grateful forthem. 4 100 £ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY Flewelling’s efforts were not this time successful, and Gomperz’s status continued to be that of a part-time instructor. Fortunately, a half-year visiting professorship opened up at the University ofIllinois for the Fall, 1941. (He had already spent two summers at the University ofOregon.) Then Gomperz returned to Los Angelesforthe Spring se' mester. But before the start ofthe Fall termhe requested, because offaib ing health, that his appointment be changed “from an appointment for one semester on full time basis to an appointment for the whole aca' demic year on halftime basis.”4 Regrettably, there wouldn’t be much time left to enjoy an attenuated schedule. He died on December 29, 1942. With this much ofthe later academic and financial history of a re' markable scholar^collector before (orrather happily behind) us, we can turn to our primary objective: to give some account ofthe Gomperz books and howthey came to “Southern California and its University.” 4Letter to Flewelling, August n, 1942. GOMPERZ MINOR AND GOMPERZ MAJOR I T he story ofthe GomperzCollection told in The Forest ofYggdrasill is at once interesting as being a firsthand if sketchy account by the prime mover, and unsatisfactory because it fails clearly to define the three more or less discrete parts, two major and one minor, of a rather complex transaction taking place over a period ofmore than a decade. “In 1936,” Professor Flewelling begins, “it was my privilege as director ofthe School to invite to ourfaculty the late Heinrich Gom/ perz, refugee/professor from the University ofVienna.” When, on his arrival [he continues],I learned ofhis library left behind in Vienna, im' mediate steps were taken for its purchase; we were ably seconded in all the necessary maneuvers by the Mudd family and President Rufus B. von KleinSmid. These vol' umes formed the beginning ofthe Special Library ofthe Seeley Wintersmith Mudd Foundation, now an integral part ofthe Hoose Library ofPhilosophy at the Univer' sity ofSouthern California. Our first attack upon the problem was to secure the approximately complete as' semblage offirst editions ofEuropean philosophers, both primary and secondary. This group was brought out ofVienna three weeks before Hitler marched in.1 Fair enough, in so far as the last two sentences concern the first major element mentioned above. But consideration ofthatshould be delayed for a moment in order to glance at some other accessions-ancillary in certain respects, to be sure, but earlier, and after all not insignificant, and constituting a kind ofharbinger ofthings to come. As usual, a clear impression ofevents can best be had by recourse to letters passing between Los Angeles and Vienna, to which city Gom/ perz had gone after his Spring, 1936, teaching, and from where he planned to return for the second semester, 1937. On September 10 [?], 1 TheForest ofYggdrasill, p. 90. IOI 4 102 } DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY 1936, after giving the news of his summer’s activities and detailing plansforthe trip to Los AngelesinJanuary, he wrote: “As to the books selected by Dr. Fuller and yourselffor the library ofthe department, they are ready for transportation, and we shall try to include them in ourluggage, ifyou do not wish to receive them earlier.” This obviously refers to the items checked by Flewelling and Fuller in The ImportantLibrary ofHeinrich Gomperz.. .Philosophy oftheXVth' XVIIth Centuries, being catalogue 256 issued by Gilhofer & Ransch/ burg, Vienna booksellers, and, “by order ofyour guest/professor Dr. Heinrich Gomperz,” forwarded to the School on the 13 th ofJanuary, 1936. Flewelling’s and Fuller’s choices as indicated by their distinctive markings in the catalogue, now in the library, consisted ofsome 115 out ofthe 640 items listed (including nine ofthe thirty/nine which the firmhad providedwith asterisksto indicate that theywere “fromother libraries”), and ranged from a first edition of Albertus Magnus, De anima (Venice, 1481), through various works ofRoger Bacon, Bayle, Bruno, Descartes, Galileo, and Locke, to two books ofSpinoza: Opera posthuma (Amsterdam, 1677), containing the first printing ofthe au/ thorsEthica, at 100 Swiss francs; and Reflexions curieuses Tun esprit des' interesse (Cologne, 1678). A rapid survey shows that the library does in fact hold many ofthe items checked byProfessors Flewelling and Fuller, thoughnot in every case is the resident copy identical with the one described here. To take but a single example, not for the brevity ofits title: A Collection ofPa' pers, Whichpassed between the lateLearned Mr. Leibnitz, andDr. Clark, In the Years 1715 and 1716, Relating to the Principles ofNaturalPhilosophy and Religion was apparently requested but not received, presumably be/ cause it had already been sold; the library’s copy was bought elsewhere in 1948 at the request ofDaniel S. Robinson, Flewelling’s successor as Director ofthe School ofPhilosophy. On the other hand, Hoose’s Op' era posthuma ofSpinoza was, according to the handwritten notation in the volume, catalogued on 2/24/37; though interestingly enough (to GOMPERZ MINOR AND GOMPERZ MAJOR I 4 103 ^ me) I have always thought ofit as belonging to the later en bloc acquisition (catalogued in 1938). Perhaps the mistake was a natural one: the book has long been shelved with that much more important gathering -to which, incidentally, we shall come almost immediately.3 First, however, it is worth noting that ofthe library’s no less than nine volumes representing the almost legendarily elusive original editions ofGiordano Bruno’s small but important books, all but two [De triplici minimo et mensura [1591], purchased from Champion in 1926; and Recens et completa ars reminiscendi [1583], bought fromW. H. Allen for $18 in 1924) were among these earliest ofGomperz arrivals. Gomperz wrote the day before Christmas, 1936, to discuss Flewelling’s suggestion that he plan to stay on after his Spring, 1937, tour,for the entire academic year of 1937-38. This was before he had contemplated severing all ties with the homeland, disposing ofhis house, and forgoing his (albeit pitiful) pension; and he was not for the moment enthusiastic. Laterthe situationwould change.Butwhatmost concerns us here is his almost offhand remark, made in connection with rez newed assurance that he was bringing with him the books selected from Catalogue 256: “The list ofbooks that I am preparing refers to the time between 1700-1850.” Ofcourse this is not the first indication we have had that use was about to attack the problem ofsecuring at least a part ofthe “approximately complete assemblage offirst editions ofEuropean philosophers, both primary and secondary,” in Flewelling’s somewhat less than precise words. For that we must go back to Gomperz’s letter ofSeptember 10 [?], 1936, for a paragraph passed over earlier out ofa desire to avoid confusion. There he had disclosed: I have also arranged with the firm of Messrs. Gilhofer & Ranschburg, who issued the catalogue referring to my XVI. and XVII. century books, to estimate the value of my philosophical books printed (more or less) between 1700^1850 (let us say from 2 This was written just before coming across a typed list inscribed by Gladys Boughton: “Books purchased from Dr. Gomperz Feb. I, 1937.” It reveals that sixty-seven titles (more volumes) were actually obtained from thatsource at that time. 4 104 > DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY Berkeley to Fechner), so that I hope to be able to bring a complete price-list ofthem from which you and Dr. Fuller will be able again to make yourselection. The complete short-title list, including prices, was duly compiled and brought to Los Angelesin early 1937. It exists in the library in two. bound copies (one replete with assigned use call numbers, various notes, addenda, corrigenda, etc.) ofa 306-page typescript. It is entitled BibliothekProf. Dr. Heinrich Gomperz: Philosophic 1700'1850 and a more fascinating document to lay before the historian ofthe Hoose Library could scarcely be imagined. Likewise for the general student oflibrary economy-if an old-fashioned term may be returned to service in a more up-to-date (and mercenary) capacity. Entered are all of2,130 titles; and the composite “Dollar” column yields, as the stipulated value oftheentirecollection, agrand totalof$8,3 82.90. Thisforanassemblage comprising, ifnot an “approximately complete,” at least a remarkably rich and possibly unexcelled library for the study of eighteenth- and early nineteenth-centuryEuropean philosophy; and displaying for the astonishment, in Macaulay’s phrase, of “all the librarians ofEurope” (and America) a fair number of the greatest works in the history of modern philosophic thought-not only in their original languages but for the most part in their original forms as well! One ofthe items listed was the first edition (35 vols.) of Diderot’s Encyclopedic^ and today $8,382.90 might be a fair price for that admittedly esteemed set-including sales tax, if4 ‘resident in California. 3 As the library already had a fine set (purchased in 1924), this copy was presumably disposed ofelsewhere. It is clear that by the summer of 1937 the use attack, far from limiting itself to piecemeal appropriation of property, had become nothing less than a determined drive for total takeover. Flewelling wrote to Gomperz in Austria onJuly 7: I hope that long before this letter reaches you I shall have been able to send the cablegram ‘Yes’ indicating that it is finally settled that we take the 1700 to 1850 books ofyour collection. In case you do not hear from me I hope it will be possible to get GOMPERZ MINOR AND GOMPERZ MAJOR I 4 IO5 J along without disposing ofthe library elsewhere for I feel sure that I shall be able to locate the money with which to pay for it and we are very anxious to have it here. Gomperz’s reply,July 27, was reassuring: The cable “yes” has not come till now and is now, Isuppose, not likely to come be^ fore we leave. However since you “feel very sure that you will be able to locate the money with which to pay for” the section ofmy library in question, I shall reserve it for you and omit any step that might lead to its being purchased by any other instil tution. By September 14, Flewelling was able to tell Fuller, at the moment in Massachusetts: I have now Dr. Mudd’s assurance in writing ofmoney for the purchase ofthe Gomperz library. My only fear now is that we may not be able to get it out ofthe country before some sort ofembargo is set up. As soon as Gomperz arrives Septem^ ber twenty^seventh, I shall move to secure the immediate packing and shipping. And then, on December 9,1937, again to Fuller, in a letter already ad' duced forlargely other purposes, andwith a rapidity almostworthy of theoldballadeers: I have managed to reap certain modest harvests offinancial support out ofthe sunv mer’s work, and, mirabile dictu, we have nineteen great boxes of books stored in roomsevenwaiting the acquirement ofshelving.... How were the nineteen great boxes ofbooks paid for? A copy ofa requisition, in the library, datedjanuary 19,193 8, calls for $1,000 to go to Dr. Gomperz “for first installment on the purchase ofthe Gomperz library,” the “Seeley Mudd Fund” appearing under the rubric “Ap' propriation.” A year later,January 23, 1939, a memorandum to Fie' welling from the comptroller’s office complains: On October 1,193 8, the University paid Dr. Gomperz $1,500 which represented the amount due this year in connection with books purchased from him for Hoose Lp brary. It is our understanding that $1,000.00 ofthis amount is to be given to the Unp versity byDr. Mudd but to datewe have notreceived it. Itis clear, then,that the bookswerepurchased on the instalmentplan, 4 I06 } DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY Seeley GreenleafMudd providing perhaps two-thirds ofthe fundsfor the annual payments-putative evidence ofFlewelling’s “modest harvests offinancial support.” Indeed, this arrangement seems in general to be consistent with the situation and interests ofthe several parties concerned. The library (which, it must be remembered, was only a small departmental library) badly wanted the books, the University was hard-put to offer much in the way ofhelp toward an expenditure the utility ofwhich may not have been readily apparent even to the more bookish ofthe authorities, and Dr. Gomperz, as we have seen, was in financial straits rapidly approaching the dire. His was an acute “cash flow” problem; and it is possible that the prospect ofseveral years’ steady income, added to what the University otherwise felt able to give him, was nearly as acceptable as a lump-sum payment would have been. So, ifthe success ofthis latest Flewelling opportunity and enterprise depended ultimately on human need, who is to say that the greatest good for the greatest number was not, in any event, actually achieved ? Certainly Flewelling had always fought hard for Gomperz, even as he had for the library; and here he may have done for both the best thatwas possible underthe circumstances. The University also did what it could; and manifestly Dr. Mudd, in purely monetary terms, did the most ofall. With the 1700-1850 books safely arrived, and before any attempt at description or analysis ofthe distinguished gathering (or rather before Professor Gomperz undertakes thatimportant task), extractsfrom a few otherletters may be acceptable as furnishing some idea, however inadequate, ofthe contemporary philosophicalscene at us c: especially Gomperz s situation vis-a-vis the United States and his adopted institutional home. Flewelling wrote to Mrs. CarrinEngland on October 11,1938: The termis nowwell under way and the total number ofstudentsisincreased since there is a much increased enrollment throughout the university. Unfortunately, the increase comes in the Man and Civilization courses and there has been a decrease in GOMPERZ MINOR AND GOMPERZ MAJOR I 4 I07 ^ the regular coursesin philosophy,which rather distresses us.We think that it islargely due to the new study scheme that has been inaugurated this year and which does not seem to leave verymuch ofa place for philosophy.... Fuller is back on thejob and his new history is proving a great success. We heard in June that it had been adopted in twenty/five colleges, including Yale. Although itjust came out this summer, the first edition has now been exhausted and they are reprinting. It looks as though it would become the most popular American text in the History of Philosophy and would probably supplant Weber and Perry. Fuller had a glorioustime all theway to Singapore and back. We had a pathetic letter from Dr. Gomperz in which he suggested the probability ofa total loss ofall their earthly possessions and the necessity ofthrowing himselfon the tender mercies ofthe University. We have not heard from him lately but since his mail has begun to come in here I presume that he may be already on his way back. You will be happy to learn that at long last we have the promise ofRadhakrishnan as Visiting Professorforthe firstsemester ofnext year. The “pathetic letter from Dr. Gomperz” must have been that writ/ ten fromKent, August 12,193 8: I should like to tell you at once that I have now secured a “Non Quota Immigra/ tion Visum” to the United States which, practically, means that we have staked our future on the hospitality ofyour great country and on the kindness and good/will of the U. S. C. in particular. May I use this opportunity for thanking you again for your share in this hospitality and kindness which has been by far the greatest? Whether we shall be able to bring anything to America except our gratitude and good will, is as yet absolutely uncertain. We have not been encouraged to go to Vi/ enna ourselves, at least not by those whose interest it would have been to represent their country as one in which law and order are reigning. It would seem according to all information available, as ifthe contrary were true, viz. as if brutality was even surpassed by arbitrariness and disorder. Up to date we have not even been able to se/ cure the assistance ofa lawyer who would, on the one hand, have to be ready to rep/ resent a non/Aryan, and, on the other, ought to have sufficient influence with the powers that be. We hope, however, to come to an understanding with such a person soon, and then to see matters progressing somewhat more quickly. Another letter, even more pathetic despite (or rather because of) its eloquence and unassailable logic, is that to President von KleinSmid of June 19,1940. It does apparently show that, contrary to what is some/ 4 108 J DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY times said, Gomperz’s house in Vienna was not after all blatantly com fiscated. Afterreviewing the history ofhis employment at use in order to appeal the terms ofhis new contract calling for a halfyear’s teaching for $2,000, he wrote: I recall these figures, Mr. President, because I desire to make you fully understand what my situation was when, in April 1938,1 made the fateful decision to settle in America for good. This had been suggested by Dr. Flewelling as a consequence ofthe political changes which had then taken place in Europe but which would not, in themselves, have affected my status as a retired University Professor. Nor did I rashly comply with this suggestion. I came to you, Mr. President, in April 1938 and asked your advice. You said, in substance, that you could not tell whether the institution would always need my services for the entire year and that sometimes I should per-" haps have to be satisfied with a half-year appointment. Now since, at the time, my annual salary was $4,000 and my semi-annual salary $3,000,1 could not but feel this to imply that I would always be assured ofan annual income of at least $3,000 (excepted, ofcourse, the case ofa general reduction ofsalaries). And it was on this understanding (which, I think, cannot be with fairness styled rash) that I decided to immigrate, to take out my first papers; to sell my house in Vienna; to pay the emigration taxes; and to renounce my German pension. That Heinrich Gomperz conducted his campaign for more equita^ ble treatmentfroma base ofpersonal generosity is abundantly clear. As we shall see, in 1938 he gave away many ofhis volumes ofliterature, history, and the fine arts. And even before that, he had presented as gifts more than one valuable book to the HooseLibrary ofPhilosophy: witness, for example, Francis Bacon (not at his best), The Historic ofthe Raigne ofKing Henry the Seventh (London, 1622), on October 22,1937. EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHY, 1700-1850 W hether or not the history ofphilosophy can boast ofprogress is perhaps itself a philosophical question. But at least one thing is certain: it had a definite turning point. When Immanual Kant published his Critique ofPure Reason in 1781 he declared-and the passage ofnearly two centuries has borne him out-that he had effected a “Copernican Revolution” in thought. The problem of knowledge, which had so long centered upon the known object, was henceforth to revolve about the knowing subject. And as the age ofKant has receded into the past its central event has grown ever larger in the perspective ofphilosophers. Small wonder, then, thatwhat has commonly come to be called the “GomperzCollection,” but which has here been denominated, rather gracelessly, “Gomperz Major I,” should have achieved such prominence among use Library special collections. For the philosophical history of an epoch encompassing much of two greatmovements, theEnlightenment andRomanticism, this highly specialized group ofbooks is, to say the least, genuinely important. It includes a very large number ofthe significant writings in the field to appear in England and western continental Europe during the eighteenth and first half ofthe nineteenth centuries. Beginning when the western Enlightenment was already well under way, after the careers ofLocke, Newton, and Leibniz were on the wane, it impressively documents the ensuing controversy between the rationalists and the empiricists. Here we see ChristianWolff, arch-apologist for Pure Reason (andmassively represented in thelibrary), defining thedogma inwhich Kant had “slumbered” until he was awakened by Hume. Then came the auspicious Kantian compromise, which was followed in turn by the great idealistic systems ofthe early 1800’s. Much ofthe very considerable comment, controversy, and formulation of the time, em109 4 HO J DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY bodied in the ephemera aswell as the classics-and including, ofcourse, the bold monuments erected by Schlegel, Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel -isto be found on these Gomperz shelves. Here may be seen not only the earliest collected editions ofthe lead' ing philosophers ofthe mature Enlightenment and Romanticism, but also such distinguished individual works as Adam Smith’s Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) and Wealth ofNations (1776); Condillac’s Traite des sensations (1754); Helvetius’ De 1’esprit (1758); and Hume’s Treatise ofHuman Nature (3 vols., 173 9'40)-the latterwithmarginal alterations in the hand ofthe author. Here too are all but one (the Inaugural Dis' sertation, 1770) ofthe books ofImmanuel Kant in first edition, includ' ing his three great Critiques and Gedanken von der wahren Schatzung der lebendigen Krdfte (1746); as well as all, or virtually all, ofthe works of the prolific Fichte, Schelling, Wolff, and Schopenhauer in their origin nal forms. A remarkable group ofbooks by the early mechanistJulien Offray de La Mettrie, most ofthem rare and some extremely rare, pro' vides introduction to the troubledworld ofmodern materialism. Perhaps equally important for scholarship is another feature ofthe collection: its outstanding strength in the so'called “minor” produc' tions. Heinrich Gomperz himselfdeclared: “The great trends ofan age, as also the immediate repercussions ofnew ideas, may often be [most] closely and impressively studied in the works ofsecond' and third'rate thinkers, who are frequently [the most] representative ofthe spirit of their time.” The collected editions ofKant, for example, as Gomperz pointed out, include his prefaces to Samuel Th. von Sommerring’s Ueber das Organ der Seek (1796) and Christian Mielcke’s Littauisch' deutsches und deutschAittauisches Worterbuch (1800); but a full'dress cata' logue ofthis collection, ifone existed, would furnish details concern' ing these relatively obscure books themselves. It would also provide a list ofsome 275 titles representing the works ofKant’s contemporary supporters, interpreters, and biographers; not to mention those ofhis most outspoken critics. EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHY, I7OO-185O 4 III ^ In the Spring of 1938 an Argonaut Society dinner was held to cele' brate the receipt ofthis significant addition to the library. Professor lish, French, German, and Italian authors represented, together with the number ofitems by each, and spoke informally about the trends of thought that could there be discerned. It may have been on this occa' sion-itwas certainly on oneverymuchlike it, withthe dinerssitting at long tables in the main corridor or patio of Mudd Hall-that Mrs. Gomperz smokedherfavorite cigarswithaninsouciance thatwasrathz ershocking to Mrs. von KleinSmid and perhaps others as well. Profess sorGomperz’sremarks,however,notesforwhichhavebeen preserved, musthavebeen diverting enough to cause most auditors to forgive any such continental breach ofthe amenities. In fact, the notes themselves would constitute a useful introduction to the collection. Butfortunately there is an even betterway to approach the problem ofsuggesting something ofthe value ofthese books. There existsin the library a rough typescript containing the substance ofa more detailed address delivered byProfessor Gomperz on April 1,194°,at the formal dedication ofthe Seeley Wintersmith Mudd Special Library, when most of the (usually) impeccable volumes were securely in place in their specially-built closed cases in the southernmost room on the sec-- ond floor ofMudd Hall. It is a striking example ofa phenomenon rare enough at any time: a man talking unimpassioned but eloquent good sense about his own collection. True, it has been printed twice before; * but never altogether adequately, and both times for a presumably limz ited audience. What better place than here, where such an authorita-- tive, balanced, and witty statement is so clearly needed, to give it the setting it deserves ? *Heinrich Gomperz, “The Gomperz Collection,” ed. Wallace Nethery, The American Book Collector^ XII, No. 2 (October, 1961), 7-12; reprinted in Theodor Gomperz: Ein Gelehrtenleben imBiirgertum derFranz-Josefs-Zeit, ed. Robert A. Kann (Vienna, 1974)» PP- 5°9-I9- It has seemed appropriate, here and there, to supply a missing word, 4 112 £ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY revise a dubious construction, sharpen a bibliographical detail-just the kind ofthing Professor Gomperz would doubtless have done ifhe had set out to prepare his talk for publication. Several footnotes, considera/ bly expanded in both number and scope for this appearance, constitute the only other editorial intrusion. Indeed, the presenter’s role through/ out has been quite the reverse of collaboration. It will not escape the careful reader that even in the few introductory lines he hasjust read* certain authors, titles, and notions have been shamelessly lifted from the excellent discourse thatfollows. Dissertation on the ‘‘Gomperz Collection” By Heinrich Gomperz I have been asked to give some account ofthe books in this room be/ cause I was instrumental in bringing them to this country and had known themwhen they were still the property oftheirformer owner. At that time they formed a part ofa larger collection covering a longer period. The present volumes are either works of, or refer to works on, philosophy-orwerewritten byphilosophers-published between 1700 and 1850 inEnglish, French, German, and Italian. Some in Latin are of course also included, and the time limits have not been adhered to pe/ dantically. There is a certainjustification for such a limitation, since, in a sense, the one hundred and fifty yearsjust referred to form a kind ofunity. These five generationssaw the coming and going oftwo greatspecula/ tive trends which, moving in opposite directions, may yet be said to complement one another and, in retrospect, may even be regarded as constituting a cycle. Ispeak ofenlightenment and romanticism. About the year 1700 almost all progressive thinkers agreed in their determination not to believe anything which could not either be per/ Some of which have already appeared in rather different form in a note in Coranto, VII, No. 1 (1972), 45-47. Thanks also to Tom Slate, a graduate-student friend ofsome years ago, for considerable help in defining the philosophical curriculum ofthe period. RalphTyler Flewelling (center) at the AEF University, Beaune, France, 1919 Unpacking the Acta Sanctorum, 1924 HERBERT WILDON CARR Main Reading Room ofthe Hoose Library ofPhilosophy soon after its opening in 1930 Albertus Magnus, Summa Naturalium, early fifteenth century Right > Walter Burley Lives ofthe Philosophers and Poets, 1477 ^vita^mozitepBop vetep tractate rue.multa que ab antiqe autozite in biuerfia libzie be ipfozum geftie. fpar* reperirin vnum colligere piurimaquoqj eop refpon* Fa notabilia $ bicta elegantia: buic lu teo inferni,que ab legentium cofolationem^ mozum infozmationem conferre valebunt. Qp (7 (GSetbalepBo.primum capituli. «^MiOalea pbuaU Afianua.vt ait laerciuein libzo wB^ n^pbou.patre epamio.matre beobulina. . l|jWciuite qui funt pbenicea nobilifltmi. atbe* Mt©claruit. lOic pmue fapiena a^ellatua eft.fm que . let feptem fapientea vocati funt. jruitait confcript* curia mileti tbeo tbalee milefiua bictua eft. tOic poft politicam:naturalia pbie factua eft fpeculatoz ♦ et in* uentoz faille vzfemaioziaet naturalia aftrologie bi* citur. gxripfit autem be conuerfione et equinoctio t primua inter pbilofopboa bicitur be aftrologia tra* ctalle.necnon <z folarea eclipfee ^ verfionea pzebirit ♦ . feimiliter etinter pboa.pzimua bicif a quibufba po* fuifle animae immoztalea.et folia ac lune magnitubi/ nem inuenifle.primua be natura bifputauit et inania matia animae trabibit. conficiene ep lapibe magnete et electro.Ab egiptija geometriam bibicit.^n politu I cie vero optime confiliatue eft. Aiuntait eum con* | iuge caruine.€tinterrogatue.cur no buceret vrozef I Ait.ob filiozusamozem. tOic principium oim aquam | pofuit. munbumcp animatum birit.et bemonite pie* I numXempoza quoqj anni ferturinuenifle.et in tm Mudd Memorial Hall ofPhilosophy Heinrich Gomperz EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHY, I7OO-185O 4 I2I 4 ceived by the senses or proved by reason-a determination which was ofcourse primarily directed against the traditional forms ofreligious orthodoxy. This so-called trend of free-thinking or enlightenment swayedEurope and dominated the century. But an unbiased observer might soon have detected evidence of an internal feud. The thinkers who emphasized reason (and may therefore be styled rationalists') believed that they were able to demonstrate a solid body ofindubitable truths, such as the existence ofGod, the spirituality and immortality of the soul, the freedom ofthe will, the existence and the properties of matter,the law ofuniversal causality, and a number ofparticular physical laws. But othersstressed perception to the detriment ofreason; they became empiricists and showed that there were many indemonstrable assumptions in the rationalistic system. Thereupon the rationalists retreated fromtheirmetaphysicalpositions, entrenched themselveswithin the physical universe and became materialists. But the empiricists carried their attacks further and proved that even the existence ofbodies and the laws ofnature could not really be proved and that man’s immediate knowledge does not go beyond his own sensations and ideas; and thus they became skeptics. Then, toward the end ofthe century, the metaphysical tide, orratherthemetaphysical ebb, began to turn.Thinkers like Thomas Reid, Rousseau and Kant held that ifthere was to be any knowledge at all, speculation had to startfrom some indemonstrable assumptions or beliefs; and thus they inaugurated the romantic period. At first the romantics confined themselves to a few fundamental assumptions or beliefs from which, they thought, all others might be deduced. But since the track was now clear, these soon became more numerous and variegated, till at last comprehensive speculative systems towered high, showing that (andwhy) all thingsin heaven and on earth necessarily had to bejust as they were supposed to be at the timesystems grand and imposing at first sight, but unfortunately lightly grounded in the facts. But, meanwhile, by modest and patient investigation ofdetails, science succeeded in proving that what had been be- 4 122 £ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY lieved to be necessary was often not even true, and thus all these mag' nificent structures collapsed almost at once about the middle of the nineteenth century, and the age ofromanticism was succeeded by that ofscience. Now, ofcourse, the main outlines ofthis development may be stud' ied in the collected works ofthe great philosophers which are available in any average library ofphilosophy. But the present collection differs from such an average library principally in three respects. In the first place, you will find in it not only the collected works of the great philosophic classics, but likewise almost all oftheir works in the original editions. Here, side by side, you may see Shaftesbury’s Characteristicks (i711),JosephButler’sAnalogy ofReligion (1736), David Hume’s Treatise ofHuman Nature (1739'40)/ Adam Smith’s Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759), Condillac’s Traite des sensations (1754), Rous' seau’s Emile (1762), Confessions (1782), and Dialogues (1782), all the works ofKant,2 including his AllgemeineNaturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels (1755) and his three Critiques,3 as well as all the works of 1 Bought in 1937 for $15, these three volumes comprising the first edition, whichHume presented to HenryHome ofKames with the hope that his “curiosityas well as Friendship [would] make [him] take the Pains ofperusing [them],” have played a modest partin refining the modern text ofHume’s philosophical masterpiece. Here the author made some fifty changeslargely reflective ofhis concern for “correctness” ofstyle. Somewhat more than halfofthem are called for by the published “Errata ofVol. I” and “Errata ofVol. II.” Consequently those second thoughts, together with two others so obviously called for that an editor could scarcely avoid taking notice ofthem himself, have long been incorporated in the standard text ofL. A. SelbyBigge (Oxford University Press, 1888 [numerousreprintings]). The remaining ones, however, have not until recently been so represented. Now, Ernest C. Mossnerin his PenguinBooks edition (Baltimore, 1969), following my note “Hume’s Manuscript Corrections in a Copy ofthe ‘Treatise ofHuman Nature,’ ” Papers ofthe Bibliographical Society ofAmerica, XVII (1963), 446- 47, has performed that small but clearly-needed service. Creditshould also go to Richard Popkin, editor oftheJournal ofthe History ofPhilosophy. It was he who, after examining the Hoose copy several years ago, pointed out that the neat autograph marginal readings were indeed in Hume’s own hand. 3 Not precisely true. Kant’s inaugural dissertation of 1770, De mundi sensibilia, is unfortunately lacking. ^Critik der reinen Vernunft, 1781 (Hoose’s fine copy of this most influential philosophical work ofmodern times came for $26); Critik der practischen Vernunft, 1788; Critik der Urtheilskraft, 1790. EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHY, I7OO-185O 4 123 > «e^, Ue ofi dby tint ybe stiil ■availill ondiftti wortsof woisii fesbury1! m>m Tlwyif k)>B» Mb W work if zhHumepskhip [would) ling themoiungeshr^ hatoU 'those ted narcelyavoid ifl. A. Scutes,howew, linBoobtdia Copyoft [Mill Richard Poping theHoos icore indeedir [i^isimfephilosophic Italic Fichte, Schelling, Hegel and Schopenhauer in their original forms. But it must be admitted that this is rather a hobby, or-ifyou prefer-a matter ofprestige, rather than a real help to study and scholarship, since the differences between these first and the later and final editions are scientifically significant in exceptional cases only. But the other features of this collection are in truth ofmuch greater importance. For, on the one hand, even the works oftruly great thinkers have not always been published in collected form. Some oftheir works are available only in widely scattered places. But here a consistent, though, of course, not always successful, effort has been made to bring them all together. And, on the other hand, the great trends ofan age, as also the immediate repercussions ofnew ideas, may often be more closely and impressively studied in the works ofsecond- and third-rate thinkers, who are frequently more representative of the spirit of their time. Hence it seems to me more profitable to spend a few minutes reviewing some less-known authors and books than in boasting about particularly rare editions ofgenerally-known works which we may be fortunate enough to possess. A good representative, for instance, of beginning religious doubt was John Toland. Seventeen volumes composed by him are in this room-among themhismost characteristicwork, ChristianityNotMys, terious, first published in 1696, as well as Nazarenus (1718), Letters to Se' rena (1704), and the Pantheisticon (1720), in which the termpantheism is supposed to have been employed for the first time.4 One ofhis contemporarieswastheDutchman,BernardMandeville,whohadthe courage to express his doubts on the validity ofthe most generally-accepted moral ideas. Most ofyou will be familiar with his Fable ofthe Bees: or, Private Vices, Publick Benefits, ofwhich you may here find the slender 4The Oxford English Dictionary cites Toland’s Socinianism Truly Stated... to which is Prefixt Indifference in Disputes: Recommended by a Pantheist to an Orthodox Friend, 1705; and credits E. Benoist (Melanges, 1712) with the first use ofpantheisme, “on the ordinary analogy ofpairs in -ist and-ism.” 4 124 ^ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY first (1714), as well as the bulky final, edition. 5 But perhaps notso many have seenhis Enquiry into the Origin ofHonour, andthe UsefulnessofChris, tianity in War (1732)-a very topical subject, I should say. His Letter to Dion (1732) also might prove interesting, since Dion is none other than Bishop GeorgeBerkeley himself. Berkeley sAlciphron (1732) may also be inspected here in its original form and, what is more important, because much less frequently encountered, a volume containing the controversial tracts which passed between Berkeley and J. Walton on Newton’s theory offluxions6-a controversyfrom which the founder ofidealism did not, I am afraid, emerge triumphant. 5 The fifth, 1728-29. 6 A Vindication ofSir Isaac Newton’s Principles ofFluxions, Against the Objections Contained in the Analyst, 1735. 7 Samlung der vornehmsten Schriftsteller die die Wiirklichkeit ihres eignen Korpers und derganzen Korperwelt laugnen. 8 Samuel Parr, 1745-1825. The work was, ofcourse, published posthumously. 9 This was the volume edited byEthelBowman (Chicago, 1909). Nor will it be known to all ofyou that Berkeley was not the only thinker to discover idealism, that is, to see that bodies are known to us only in so far as their ideas are experienced in our minds. Two years after Berkeley had published his Treatise Concerning the Principles of HumanKnowledge in Dublin, ArthurCollier, anEnglish minister, quite independently advanced the same conclusion in his Clavis Universalis. This wasin 1713. Berkeley’s and Collier’s dissertations were both translated into German in 1756 byJohann ChristianEschenbach, under the title-I retranslate intoEnglish-Collection ofthe MostProminent Writers Who Deny the Reality of Their Own Bodies^ and I am sorry to say that one ofhis main objections to idealism was to the effect that men cannot, after all, live by eating ideas, which, as understood by the translator, both idealists would have to assume. Even at that time Collier’s book was almost inaccessible, and, although reprinted in Dr. Parr’s Metaphysical TractsoftheEighteenth Century (1837),8itlaterwasso much neglected and became so rare that even the American reprint of 19099 EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHY, I7OO-185O 4 125 ^ had to be made from Dr. Parr’s reprint because there was no copy of the first edition available in America. Even now, our copy is probably the only one in this country, and it is doubtful whethermore than one other copy is now in existence.10 10 There is a copy in theBritish Museum. 11 Theodor Gomperz’s own copy, a rather liberally pencil-marked set, is in the library. Volume XII (1880), which includes four ofMills’s shorter pieces translated by Sigmund Freud, a young medicalstudent at theUniversity ofVienna, may be taken as fairly representative ofthe editor’s presumably post-publication autographic refinement ofthe entire work. Here Gomperz, perhaps with a second edition in mind, has made revisions throughout, occasionally employing proof-reader’s marks, at other times adding, subtracting, or substituting less informally. The majority ofthe changes (often stylistic) seem indeed to represent improvements. While conceivably the first, this was by no meansthe last time that Freudwould be corrected by a philosopher. (See a note in Coranto, II, No. 2 [1966], 29.) 12 An Examination ofSir William Hamilton’s Philosophy and ofthe Principal Philosophical Questions Discussed in His Writingsf 1865. Let me now skip a century and consider, for a moment, the two Mills, father and son. Ofthe works ofJames Mill, who, after all, was a very outstanding representative ofthe association psychology school, no collected edition, as far as I know, was ever printed. But you will find them all here in first edition, including the History ofBritish India (1817). AndshouldyoudesiretocheckhisFragmentonMackintosh (1835), you needjust take SirJames’s Dissertation on the Progress ofPhilosophy (second edition, 1837) from its shelf. Nor is there, to my knowledge, a collected edition ofJohn Stuart Mill available in English although there is a German edition, 1869-85, by my late father Theodor Gomperz;11 but you can find all his books here. And, again, ifyou should wish to examine his book on Sir William Hamilton,13 or the debt he owed to SirJohn Herschel, or to Jeremy Bentham, you may find almost all their worksin this very room. As for the French thinkers, I shall mention only four ofthem. Some ofus may know thatJean Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d Argens, who for many years headed the literary section ofthe Academy ofSciences ofBerlin, was a typical representative ofrationalistic enlightenment, and published a.Philosophie du bon'sens (1737). But not many will have 4 126 J DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY seen his Lettres morales (1737), Lettresjuives, eight volumes (1738), and Lettres chinoises, six volumes (nouveau edition, 1756)-all of them of course inspired by Montesquieu’sLettrespersanes (1721). And you may be surprised to learn that nineteen other volumesfrom D’Argens’ pro/ lific pen have been brought together here. The name ofJulien Offray de La Mettrie will be more familiar. His collected works were indeed published repeatedly in the eighteenth century, but these collections were not complete. His two satires on medicine, forinstance, Lafaculte vengee (1747) and L9ouvrage de Penelope ou Machiavel en medecine (1748), were not included. Someone might ask: Is it not enough to know that he wrote the little bookL'homme ma' chine (1748) ?z3 It is not. For he followed that up immediately by three other little books: L9 homme plante (1748), Les animauxplus que machine (1750), and L9 homme plus que machine (1748).z4 Moreover,he criticized the first ofthese books himselfin Epitre a Mlle. A. C.P.; ou, La machine terrassee (1749), and, in turn, satirized that satire in Reponse a !auteur de La machine terrassee the same year. Indeed, La Mettrie was not a mech/ anist at all, but rather an hylozoist, who believed in the vitality and self/directing evolution ofnature. He had, moreover, a bouyantmind, and was always in high spirits and a militant mood, intensely enjoying his heated and, indeed, often unscrupulous, assaults on such as deserved (and did not deserve) them. We have a complete collection ofthese lit/ tie booklets here, twenty volumesin all, one ofwhich is supposed to be unique.15 Two others may existin only one other copy each. In contrast to La Mettrie, D’Holbach was really a mechanist and an 13 The Gomperz copy is ofthe extremely rare first edition, with 108 pages (the second, with the same imprint, had 109). Most ofthe copies ofthe first printing were seized by the Leyden authorities. See AramVartanian, La Mettrie's L’homme Machine: 21 Study in the Origins ofan Idea (Princeton University Press, i960), p. 137. 14 Actually written by La Mettrie’s publisher, Elie Luzac, in order to dissociate himselfsomewhat from the opinions expressed in L'homme machine. See Vartanian, “Elie Luzac’s Refutation ofLa Mettrie,” Modern Language Notes, LXIV (1949), 159-61. *5 Epitre a Mlle. A.C.P. But see Ernst Bergmann, Lamettriana (London and Chicago, 1919), p. 49, where the author mentions a copy in his possession. EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHY, I7OO-185O 4 127 J ardentfoe ofChristianity. Hisworkswere never published in collected form. The best known, ofcourse, is the Systeme de la nature of1770. But besides those (two) volumes, nineteen others may be found here, some ofthem perhaps composed by followers and imitators, and mostly di' rected againstwhatD’Holbach held to be religioussuperstition. Some, however, deal with morals and sociology in a manner highly charac' teristic ofthe moral and political views that hatched the great revolu' tionwhichbroke out only a fewmonths after D’Holbach’s death. Finally, bywayofcontrast,wemaymentionClaudede Saint'Martin, amystic influenced byJacobBoehme.Evenhislarger andbetter'known works are very rare, and his minor tracts and poems are almost impos' sible to find. Nevertheless, he is represented by seventeen volumes in this collection. About seventy percent ofthe volumes in this room are in German. German enlightenment in the first halfofthe eighteenth century was staunchly rationalistic. Philosophers felt thoroughly assured that they were able to demonstrate the existence ofGod, the immortality ofthe soul, and the freedom ofthe will. I make bold to contend thatwithout some knowledge ofthis trend Kant cannot be really understood, for, after all, it was this rationalism which, under the name of “Pure Rea' son,” he criticized in his mostfamous work.ButIshall not dwell on the forty'Seven volumes by ChristianWolff, or on the thirty'two volumes by G.F. Meier, by which, among many others, this rationalistic ten' dency is here represented.Letme rather call your attention to an almost unknown figure:Johann ChristianEdelmann, whose life, as described byhimself,might almostserve as a symbolfor the greattransition from orthodoxyto rationalism, andeven to analmost Spinozisticnaturalism, which was characteristic ofthat age. Edelmann had become a pietist andwasprofoundly obsessed byreligiousscruples-whicheven induced himto leave offshaving. Now, in the thirties ofthe eighteenth century he was living in a little village not far from Frankfurt'am'Main and there he became involved in an argumentwithan evangelist ofanother 4 128 £ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY sect. One night, troubled, he went to bed; when suddenly he fancied he heard a voice uttering the words: god is reason. This to him was a revelation, and he understood it to mean that God was nothing but rea' son; and henceforth he began to preach this new gospel by word of mouth and in print. Not yet quite emancipated from his superstitions, and therefore still wearing his beard, he set outfor Berlin. He got as far as Potsdam, about twenty miles fromhis destination. There, however, the police stopped him on account of his beard. The matter was re' ported to King Frederick I, the father ofFrederick the Great. The king sent for him and asked whether he was a Jew. (You see, the rulers of Prussia liked to ask this question as long as two hundred years ago.) He said he was not. Whereupon His Majesty resolved that ifhe had been a Jew, he might have gone on to Berlin, since in that case it would have been clear that he went there for the sake ofbusiness; but since he was not, he had betterstay away from the capital. And indeed he had to go all the way back to his starting point. His cumbersome writings scam dalized many ofhis contemporaries and a great number ofbooks-as cumbersome as his own-werewritten against him. Fifteen ofhis own volumes and ten written by his antagonists may be found in thisroom. From the supposed Jew, Edelmann, let me turn for a moment to a realJew, Moses Mendelssohn. Though active in the second halfofthe century, his rationalism was ofthe older brand and he was recognized as its ablest spokesman. In 1764 the Berlin Academy of Sciences pub' lished the two most outstanding answers to its prize question on self' evidence in metaphysicalsciences. The first prizewas awarded to Mem delssohn, the second to Kant. Three yearslater Mendelssohn published hisPhaedon,inwhichhe correctedPlato’sfaults in logic and adapted the immortal work on immortality to the taste ofthe time. (Thirty years ago I found the book in the home ofan aged and devoutRoman Cath' olic lady.) Three years later still he became involved in a sensational controversy. The Swiss philosopher Charles Bonnet had recently pub' lished his Recherches philosophiques sur les preuves du christianisme (nom EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHY, I7OO-185O 4 I29 3* veau edition, 1770). His enthusiastic compatriotJohann Caspar Lavater translated thework into German16 and prefaced itwith a dedication to Mendelssohn, in words to this effect: Examine these proofs; refute them ifyou can; but ifyou cannot, become a Christian! Mendelssohn replied by a dignified letter hinting that, after allJudaismwas closer to the rationalistic theism ofthe age than Christianitywas. The letter gave rise to a number ofpamphlets for and against Mendelssohn-many of which you willfind here, as also all the otheritemsjust mentioned.But this was not to be Mendelssohn’s last controversy. In 1785 Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, the protagonist of German irrationalism, published his letters on the doctrine ofSpinoza,1? revealing that Lessing had confidentially declared himself a Spinozist. Mendelssohn felt immensely shocked at the thought that his life-long friend should not have unconditionally believed in his elaborated proofs oftheism. He countered by an open letter, challengingJacobi’s trustworthiness-to whichjacobi in turn made a sarcastic reply. Rumor will have it that Mendelssohn died from the shock. You will find all these letters in this collection, and in our copy ofthe second edition (1789) ofJacobi’s book you will find an autograph dedication to the philosopher C. L. Reinhold with a curious pun on the latter’s name: “To hisfriendReinhold who is as his name”- “rein und hold,” pure and sweet. 16 Philosophische Untersuchung der Beweisefur das Christenthum, 1769. 17 Ueber die Lehre des Spinoza in Briefen an den Herrn Moses Mendelssohn. 18 Uber das Organ der Seele, 1796. ^Littauisch-deutsches und deutsch-littauisches Worterbuch, 1800. OfKant I shall notsay much. There is a complete set ofhis works in first edition; but these may all be read in Kant’s collected works. Some things we have, however, which cannot be found there. The collected works reprint Kant’s prefaces to Samuel Thomas Sommerring’s book on the brain18 and to the Lithuanian dictionary compiled by Christian G.Mielcke.19Buthereyouwillfind Sommerring’s andMielcke’s books themselves; as also Kant’s first biographies, published immediately af- 4 130 J DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY ter his death, and a description ofhis funeral. But there is something else ofgreater significance. A consistent attempt has been made to collect the earliest responses to Kant’s epoch-making works. Adding up the works of his first followers and antagonists, I have arrived at the figure oftwo hundred seventy-seven volumes30 among which I shall mention only the two volumes byJohann Schultz, recognized by Kant himselfas his only authorized interpreter; Aenesidemus (1792), by G.E. Schulze, supposed to be the ablest attack on Kant’s philosophy; a little book by a devoutRoman Catholic, PeterMiotti, entitled Uiber [sic] die Falschheit, und Gottlosigkeit des Kantischen Systems (1801); and a very complete set ofthe books and articles ofSalomon Maimon, aJewfrom Poland who described the experiences of his youth in an interesting autobiography, and succeeded in grasping the subtleties ofthe Kantian system, without, however, learning to spell correctly in German. I should alsojustmention two otheritems: (1) a complete set ofthe enormously rarePhilosophischesJournal, edited byJ. G. Fichte and R. I. Niet? hammer, with contributions by Fichte, Schelling and Maimon-and including an article by Friedrich Karl Forberg in which he identifies Godwith the “Moral Order ofthe Universe” andwhich led to Fichte’s criminal prosecution on a charge of atheism; and (2) a collection of eleven anonymous pamphlets, for and against Fichte, mostly referring to thisjudicial procedure-all extremely rare and some almost unique. Nor shall I say much about the forty-four first editions ofSchelling, butshall rather point out that his school is represented in this collection by one hundred twenty-two volumes, showing in part the enormous influence his fantastic philosophy ofnature had on the progress ofscp entific research. 30 Gomperz might well have been proud of this achievement. When, a few years ago, Editions Culture et Civilization, of Brussels, attempted to gather for publication as facsimile reprints a representative group ofthe “scattered remains” ofthe Aetas Kantiana, they arrived at some 314 titles. Very few libraries indeed, they found, even in Germany, could “claim to possess a representative ensemble ofphilosophic monographs ofthis period.” Outside Germany, even the largest libraries know that they cannotshow a really comprehensive documentation, making possible a thorough study ofthe subject” (AetasKantiana brochure). EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHY, I7OO-185O 4 131 > As regards Hegel and Schopenhauer, I must refer you to our cata/ logue.31 But I ought to mention that some very outstanding German nineteenth/century philosophers whose works have never been pub/ lished in collected form are also available in very complete sets: for ex/ ample, Jakob Friedrich Fries, author ofthe Neue Kritik der Vernunft, 1807 (thirty/six volumes); Bernard Bolzano (thirty/eight volumes); Hermann Lotze (twenty/three volumes); and Gustav Theodor Fech/ ner (fifty volumes). In concluding, I may be permitted a question and a request. Vast materialforresearchhas been collected.Wemightsay: Dinnerisready, but will the guests be coming ? Only ten percent ofthese books are in English. Unfortunately,I feel quite sure thatnot even tenpercentofour students and graduates are able to read any other than English books. The examinations in French and German, though obligatory for cer/ tain purposes, are yet illustrations ofa highly interesting phenomenon, from a metaphysical point ofview: they seem to be causes without ef/ fects. Perhaps students, being no longer required to study the classical languages, feel that it would be unfair ifthey arbitrarily preferred the modern tongues to them. Or perhapsthey hold thatsince monotheism and monogamy are supposed to be good, then monoglossy must be so likewise, and are inclined to stand for the slogan: one God, one wife, one language I Butwhatever the causes may be, the effects are very seri/ ous. Therefore, may I entreat all whomitmay concern to exercise their influence so that the linguistic situation may improve? Apart from other highly desirable consequences, these books will then not have been acquired in vain! 21 The Seeley Wintersmith MuddFoundation Special Collection in theHoose Library ofPhilosophy, School ofPhilosophy (University of Southern California, 1940). See also The Hoose Library of Philosophy Gomperz Collection, Library Bulletin No. 7 (Los Angeles, 1950), with contributions by Lewis F. Stieg, Daniel S. Robinson, Lloyd Arvidson, and Wilbur Long. Professor Long’s excellent “Analysis ofthe Gomperz Library” is notable for its discussion ofthe entire Gomperz acquisition-even as in the pages immediately following we shall try to emphasize that there is more to the appellation than meets the eye in the quarters of the Seeley WintersmithMudd SpecialLibrary. XVII. GOMPERZ MAJOR II O N October 31,1938, the following was written and presumably sent to Dr. Heinrich Gomperz: Dear Dr. Gomperz: in your letter ofOctober 27,1938, you were kind enough to inform us that in view of your long connection with this university you had decided to give to the school ofphiloso' phy, as afree gift, the books and manuscriptsformingyourworking library and consisting of about 10,000 volumes and reprints which, as well as the manuscripts, refer chiefly to the history ofGreek philosophy, you added that this library was at present still located in your apartment in Vienna, xn Gruenbergstrasse 23, but that you confidently hoped to be able to bring it here within six months, at most, and that you wished, ofcourse, to reserve the right to use itfreely to the extent your work would require. we desire to express our cordial appreciationfor yourgenerous decision and take pleasure in stating that we gratefully accept this donation, we are confident that this collection will prove a valuable addition to our library which till now had not specialized in the field of ancient philosophy, you may also rest assured thatfree access to these books and manuscripts will always be granted you and that they will at all times be available to the extent required by your work. we understand that the books will be brought here together with your other belongings and that their transportation will not entail any liability to this institution. sincerely yours, Ralph Tyler Flewelling At first glance this would appear to constitute a mystery worthy to rank with those letters to Schiller and Mitchell back in 1927 in which Flewelling had descanted on a “complete philosophical library from Germany, a library about which we were never able to discover a single subsequent word in his correspondence or the Hoose records. As such, itwould again seem to pose more than one ten-thousand-volume 132 GOMPERZ MAJOR II 4 133 > question.Where is Gomperz’s letter ofOctober 27,193 8 ?Did he really mean, even momentarily, to give the entire collection as a “free gift” ? After all, October 27 was only a few weeks after Gomperz’s pathetic letter forecasting the probable loss of all his material possessions, and only a few months before his strongly/worded presentation to Dr. von KleinSmid protesting his inability to live decently on $2,000 a year. Of course there is probably no mystery at all; only a slight fiction concocted forsufficientlyvalid reasons. As an AustrianJew, and one ah ready well outside the good graces ofthe authorities, Gomperz’s pos/ sessions were in very real danger ofoutright seizure. If, however, they were at least nominally the property of the University of Southern California, confiscation might have been deemed illegal even accord/ ing to the lights of a thoroughly benighted regime. So apparently Gomperz merely set down in writing that he was giving his library to use, and Flewelling in turn was careful to respond “for the record” in elaborately effusive terms, with much talk of“the right to use it freely to the extent your work would require,” etc. It is likely that here we have the first manifestation ofthat “gentleman’s agreement” to which we shall shortly have more explicit reference; although it is true that Gomperz would later speak ofthe amount “to be paid to my account in Germany since otherwise the sale would not be authorized nor the shipping permitted,” and Flewelling would recall in his autobiography that “Dr. Gomperz was asked to provide the University with a bill of sale to protect ownership and afford further opportunity ofaction.” In any event, it wasn’t long before Gomperz was talking (and writ/ ing) more realistically, ifnot necessarily to greater strategic effect. A ratherlengthystatementin the librarysigned4 4H. Gomperz’ ’ is so much to the point that itseems to require quotation in full. It has been the as/ sumption here all along that any one interested in the origin and devel/ opment ofthe library would want to have as many as possible ofthe documents-letters, memoranda, inscriptions, what not-constituting first/person contemporary accounts of the fund/raisers, benefactors, 4 134 } DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY professors, librarians, and booksellers most intimately concerned. Fortunately, the papers ofHeinrich Gomperz include several examples of that prime desideratum for the chronicler oflibraries: credible testimony by the collector himselfconcerning his own books; and, moreover, in this case, by a collector who was also a philosopher, scholar, author, professor, and, in the strictest sense ofthe word, bookseller as well. When it came to his address on the 1700-1850 volumes the result was a notable essay that not only obviated but actually seemed to preclude any sizable disquisition ofours. Here the purpose and the occasion, and consequently the manner, are somewhat different. But Gomperz on the Gomperz books-or even, as we shall see, Ada Gomperz on the Gomperz books-is usually a bibliographical bargain; andwemuststop apologizing and start quoting. Memorandum to Dr. Flewelling concerning rhe Eventual purchase ofthe nest ofthe Gomperz^Library Sept. 28, 1939 Rare and First editions in this library published between 1700-1850 were purchased by the use, in 1937. The rest which is still in Vienna contains: 1. A supplement to the above purchase, viz. a number offirst and rare editions of philosophic works printed before 1700. Most remarkable among these is a small, but valuable collection of17th century skeptics, such as Suarez (not theJesuit, but the author of “Quod nihil scitur”), Glanvill (“Scepsis scientifica”), Levayer [La Mothe le Vayer] (“Dialogues sceptiques” etc.-many rare and some beautifully bound vols.), Hirnhaym [Hirnhaim] (“De typho generis humani”), and others. The no. ofvols. in this section is probably about 300. 11. Anothersupplement is a collection ofmodernworks on philosophy (with special sub-sections on Logic, Epistemology, Ethics and Psychology) published after 1850, mostly German. Among these are almost all works ofsuch thinkers as Wundt, Dilthey, Brentano, Husserl, Meinong, Cassirer, Rickert, Mach, Avenarius, Driesch, Stern, and many others. The no. ofvols. in this section is probably about 2,000. in. There is also a small collection ofworks by and onmedieval philosophers. The no. ofvols. in this section is about 100. GOMPERZ MAJOR II 4 135 > iv. The bulk ofthe books available formpart ofa largeworking library on ancient philosophy. But since for purposes ofresearch the philosophic literature ofthe an' cients cannot be separated from the rest oftheir literature (in order to determine the meaning ofa term as used by a philosopher one must first investigate its meaning in all contemporarywritings), this section may also be considered as a library ofclassical philology, with special emphasis on philosophy. Indeed its acquisition would benefit the Department ofClassics almost as much as the School ofPhilosophy since there is no complete collection ofancient authors nor ofmodern editions in the University. This section comprizes: a) A complete collection of all Greek and of almost all Latin authors of classical antiquity whatsoever, all, and particularly the Greek authors, in the most modern editions available as also ofthe most recent commentaries, translations, special dic^ tionaries etc. Particular care has ofcourse been taken to achieve completeness with respect to the philosophers. There are, for instance, all special editions and modern commentaries onallthe single dialogues ofPlato andonthe singleworksofAristotle. b) There is moreover an almost complete collection of all modern works on am cient philosophy, collective works (such as histories ofancient Philosophy) as well as books on the single schools and thinkers. c) Particular care has been taken to bring together not only vols. printed separ' ately, but also articles published in periodicals, partly by subscribing to some ofthe most important periodicals, partly by collecting the reprints and cuts in question. The latter are arranged in about 75 boxes, each containing from20 to 50 pamphlets and reprints (largely gifts ofthe authors). D) There are also many otherworks helpful to the study ofclassical antiquity,such as dictionaries and encyclopaedias, grammars, works on ancient history, etc. Among the works in this section the following sets may perhaps deserve special mention as being particularly valuable: “Archiv fur Geschichte derPhilosophic” (20 vols.). “Hermes” (75 vols.). “Rheinisches Museum” (85 vols.). “Realencyklopaedie des klassischen Alterums” (ab. 45 vols.). “Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum,” published by the Vienna Academy of Sciences (69 vols.). “Die griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten drei Jahrhunderte,” pub' lished by theBerlin Academy ofSciences (ab. 30 vols.). All these and many other less bulky sets are complete as far as published down to 1937. 4 136 J DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY The no. ofbound vols. in this section may be roughly estimated at 5,600 to which must be added ab. 2,400 pamphlets and reprints. Hence, the total no. ofunits in this section would be ab. 8,000. v. Finally, there is a no. ofliterary and historical works somewhat less closely affili/ ated to philosophy, such as the great Weimar edition ofGoethe in 142 vols., com/ plete sets ofthe works ofTaine and Renan, the complete works ofRanke in 54 vols. As far as these are not needed by the University I should appreciate it ifthey were re/ turned to me-also my personal manuscripts and a small collection ofautographs. The no. ofvols. in this section may be from 600/1,000. Attempting a fair appraisal ofthe library I feel that I can hardly offer it for less than $4,800. Ofthese at least $2,400 would have to represent the official price to be paid to my account in Germany since otherwise the sale would not be authorized nor the ship/ ping permitted. (These $2,400 will be practically lost to me since they would at once be converted into German currency or war loan certain to suffer extreme devalua/ tion as a result ofinflation and ofwhich I could in no case dispose outside Germany.) The rest of$2,400 would be due to me here and would form the only part ofthe price ofwhich I could dispose. To this the Universitymust ofcourse add the cost oftransportationwhich accord/ ing to the information available may well amount to ab. $1,000/1,200. The entire cost to the University would thus be $6,000 ofwhich about $3,600 (viz. $2,400 as the official price and ab. $1,200 for shipping expenses) would have to be paid at deliverywhereasthe remaining $2,400 would be due to me. H. Gomperz Sometimes fidelity to two unities entails violation of a third. The second great Gomperz acquisition, adumbrated in the foregoing, is so much a piece ofthe “action” (the locale ofcourse remaining the same) that not too much should be made ofthe fact that a decade separatesits beginning from its end. Chronologically speaking, it is out of place here; logically, it belongs. Regrettably, not much in the way ofFlewelling correspondence re' garding this later part ofthe total Gomperz transaction seems to be ex' tant. (It should be noted, ofcourse, that by the time it was completed he had retired from active directorship ofthe School ofPhilosophy.) The main outlines, however, can be sufficiently made out from Mrs. Gomperz’s reports, from Flewelling’s meager references in his au' GOMPERZ MAJOR II ^ Xj7 i tobiography, and from Lloyd Arvidson s slightly post-temporary account.1 It is probably well to have the most widely'disseminated newspaper story ofthe event before us as we attempt an accurate reconstruction at this fairly late date.2 Confusion, misunderstanding, and ambiguity characterize much of what has been spoken and written about the Gomperz Collection; at least a start should be made toward clarifica' tion. The following is from the LosAngeles Times, December 12,1948. Book Collection Hunted by Gestapo Reaches SC Famous Gomperez [sic] Volumes on Philosophy, Valued at $40,000, Acquired from Widow Coveted by Hitler, hunted by the Gestapo, hidden by a Viennese girl and dug out ofa bombed building by the U. S. Army, the world'famous Gomperz collection of philosophy books officially came to rest yesterday in the University ofSouthern Cali' fornia library, according to an announcement by President Fred D. Fagg,Jr. The col' lection was the largest privately owned philosophical library inEurope. Valued at $40,000 by independent book experts, the 18,ooo'volume collection is being carefully unpacked from 85 large crates, following its acquisition by the uni' versity from Mrs. Ada Gomperz, widow ofits owner, a Viennese professor who taught at sc from 1936 until his death in 1942. COVERAGE OF VOLUMES Containing rare and standard volumes in all fields of philosophy, with individual items dating back 400 years, the library was built up during the last century by the wealthyViennese philosopherTheodor Gomperz,still regarded as one ofthe world’s best known authorities on Greek philosophy. Gomperz’s eldestson, Heinrich, continued building the collection after his father’s death. In 1935, Heinrich came to Los Angeles to teach at the University ofSouthern California, leaving hislibrary behind him. In 1938 the Nazis confiscated the property ofallJews,including the Gomperz col' lection (exceptfor 3200 volumesferreted out ofVienna to Los Angeles). Heinrich Gomperz,” The Hoose Library ofPhilosophy Gomperz Collection, Library Bulletin No. 7 (University ofSouthern California, 1950), 3rd through 5th un-numbered pages. 2 Especially since in The Forest ofYggdrasill Flewelling gives it nearly in full rather than attempting anything like a sustained account ofhis own. 4 138 J* DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY When news ofthe confiscation reached him, Gomperz signed over the library to the University of SouthernCalifornia; the university spoke to the StateDepartment, the U. S. Ambassador in Vienna warned the Nazis to keep hands offthe collection, now American property. When war came in 1941, the Germans tried to confiscate the collection as enemy property. But it again was saved, this time by a Viennese woman, Gomperz’s one' time secretary, who had the courage to stand up against the Nazis. BOOKS REMAIN HIDDEN Because ofthe scores of claims and counterclaims, the Nazis intensified their efforts to get the books. Word reached Hitler, and he demanded the collection for his own. But the 8 5 cases making up the size of a three-story house remained hidden. The Gestapo was sent to find it, but never did, as it was in the basement ofa bombed-out building covered with tons ofwreckage. After the war the Mayor ofVienna, who had been “in” on the secret, went to the U. S. Army, which cleared away the rubble and recovered the library intact. The university was notified, but stated that its “ownership” was only a gentleman’s agreement to protect the famous collection. So Gomperz’s widow had it shipped to the university, and examined by expert book appraisers, following which the university purchased the collection this week. This is obviously a romantic story; and, happily for the devotee of romance, itseemsin general to be a true one (though some expressions, such as “Hitler... demanded the collection for his own,” may be a little heightened for dramatic effect); at least Dr. Flewelling is authority for the fact that the reporter’s chiefinformant was Mrs. Gomperz herself.3 However, certain shifts ofemphasis are in order at several points. It is true enough that Theodor Gomperz was the first collector of “Gomperz” books. But the impression, which the story inevitably conveys, that the booksreceived here in 1948 (or, forthatmatter, those obtained in 193 7) were largely his, and that Heinrich had only “continued building the collection after his father’s death,” is false. On the contrary: the 3 The Forest ofYggdrasill, p. 9. But probably by way ofa pressrelease from the use NewsBureau. The Times story shows some signs ofrewriting, while employing essentially the same material as that used by the Daily Trojan in its account ofDecember 10. GOMPERZ MAJOR II 4 139 > use collection is largely the Heinrich Gomperz Collection, though a certain number ofTheodor Gomperz books are assuredly to be found there. Again, that 18,000 volumes were “being carefully unpacked from 85 large crates” is seriously misleading. Thatfigure representsthe total number ofbooks in Vienna in 1936 or 1937. But it is best to go straight to the most authoritative source remaining after Heinrich Gomperz’s death in 1942. (We have already seen that in 1939 he had placed the number ofvolumes in the forthcoming shipment at about 11,000volumes, and even that turned out to be rather too high.) On November 5,1949, Mrs. Florence Smith, Dr. Flewelling’s long-time secretary, addressed some queries to Mrs. Gomperz concerning these very matters. The latter’s categorical replies, in a letter ofNovember 13, deserve to be set down here “for the record.” a. Isittrue thatpartofthe TheodorGomperzLibrarywasgiven to the UniversityofJerusalem? No. The library ofTheodor Gomperz was sold in Vienna by Ed. Beyer’s Nachfolger. I have here at my home the catalogue (containing also books from the library of Professor S. Mekler) with 5631 numbers, which means many more volumes ofcoursed b. Was anypart ofthe Heinrich GomperzLibrary derivedfrom hisfather? Yes. I do not knowhowmany volumes. But probably not a very large quantity of his library. c. Is it true that [the] Heinrich Gomperz Library consisted originally ofeighteen thousand volumes, ofwhich we now have approximately ten thousand three hundredfifty? Yes. The library consisted ofapproximately eighteen thousand volumes in 1937. The University ofSouthern California purchased in 193 7 3 200 volumes, in 1948 approximately9400volumes(83 63 boundvolumes andmorethan 1000 pamphlets). Therefore the University of Southern California has now approximately twelve thousand six hundred volumes. The five- to six-thousand volumes were sold or given away in 1928 in Vienna. 4 Lagerkatalog 68 von Ed. Beyer's Nachf Buchhandlung und Antiquariat. . . Wein, I. Schottengasse Nr. 7 enthaltend die Bibliotheken von Profess. Theod. Gomperz und Profess. S. Mekler, 1913. Most notable among the 5,631 lots, perhaps, were the so-called “Herculanensia,” including valuable facsimiles ofthe Herculanean rolls, together with scholarly treatises by Gomperz and others. More generally, the “Auctores Graeci” occupy eighty closely-printed pages. The catalogue is now in the Hoose Library. 4 140 3* OR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY These were: German literature, History ofAustria and Vienna, works aboutEuro' pean Art, all the works about music, including all the scores of classical music, Psychoanalysis and Medicine, and some unimportant volumes not connectedwith Heinrich Gomperz’ work. I enclose 2 sheets with some facts about Heinrich Gomperz’ library as I remem' berthem. I hope this will help you to answer all your other questions.... The ‘‘other questions” are not extant. But the two sheets are; and again there can be little excuse for mere paraphrase. THE HEINRICH GOMPERZ LIBRARY Heinrich Gomperz started to buy books when he became a Privatdozent at the Uni' versity in Bern, Switzerland, in 1900. When he returned to Vienna in 1905 and his Venia Legendi was transferred to the University of Vienna, he did not Jive in his par' ents’ house any more but had his own home. Nevertheless he was in close contact with his parents, especially with his father whom he admired and with whom he discussed all the problems oftheir respective fields. He continually increased his own library. In 1908 he rented the adjoining apartment and connected it with his own in order to increase the floorspace to more than two thousand two hundred square feet for his growing library. All these rooms were gradually filled from floor to ceiling, from door to window, with book shelves; the height ofthe rooms was elevenfeet. Theodor Gomperz died in 1912. In his Last Will he stated: “... das seine Bibliothek -mit Ausnahme jener Bande, welche die einzelnen Mitglieder der Familie fur sich behalten-verkauft werden solle.” Heinrich Gomperz selected all the volumes he was interested in. There is no record anywhere how many volumes he added to his library in this way. Most ofthese vol' umes show the name ‘Theodor Gomperz’ in his own handwriting on the front page. Heinrich Gomperz continued to buy books during and after World War I, when so many privately'Owned libraries inEurope had to be sold. It was Heinrich Gomperz’ policy always to keep his collection up to date by ob' taming the newest edition ofall the books essential to his work. He then sold the pre' vious edition. He kept a correct total ofthe number ofvolumesin hislibrary by using up first the numbers ofthose file'cards which were taken out ofthe catalogue at such occasions, and he only began to add newnumbers when all those ofthe discarded file' cards were used up. The number on the left hand upper corner ofthe file card indi' cates the number ofvolumes in the library.In 193 7-when last he was inVienna-the number ofvolumes was over eighteen thousand. GOMPERZ MAJOR II 4 141 J Ofthese 18,000 volumes in 193 7 the University ofSouthern Cailifornia purchased 3,200 vols. in 1938, when giving instructions by mail to Vienna forthe selection ofthe volumes to be shipped, Heinrich Gomperz sold or gave to friends approximately 6,000 vols. in 1948, The University ofSouthern California purchased 8363 bound volumes, more than 1000 pamphlets 9,400 vols. Total number ofvolumes approximately 18,000 vols. The five- to six thousand volumes given away or sold in Vienna in 193 8 consisted in general of: German literature Austrian and Viennese History European Art Psychoanalysis and Medicine Music, including the scores of nearly all the classical compositions Ironically, one ofthe more unfortunate features ofthe press accounts dealing with “Gomperz Major II” was their relegation of “Gomperz Major I” (“3200 volumes ferreted out ofVienna to Los Angeles”) to a slight parenthetical enclosure. As we have seen, those 1700-1850 books would prove to be of such importance from nearly every point of view-depth ofcoverage, rarity, condition, relative incidence of“high spots”-that over the years, and despite great numerical inferiority, they would easily retain what they had in the first instance achieved by virtue ofearly arrival: almost exclusive “right” to be called the “Gomperz Collection.” It was probably the last time that that distinguished group ofbooks would be unJerestimated, at least by implication. How were the 10,000 or so additional Gomperz books brought to us c ? It is clear that in this respect the newspaper accounts were basically correct. Flewelling recalls that after “Gomperz Major I” had been ‘brought out ofVienna three weeks before Hitler marched in,” “To ensure the securing ofthe remainder [considerable remainder!], Dr. Gomperzwas asked to provide the University with a bill ofsale to protect ownership and afford further opportunity of action....” So that 4 142 ^ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY when a decade later the United States Army cleared away the rubble from the "basement of a bombed-out building covered with tons of wreckage,” the "gentleman’s agreement,” which presumably had been effective in preventing seizure at least until America’s entry into the war, was now sufficient to secure a properrelease forshipment directly to the University-even though this was a year and a half before the "hard” purchase ofthe books from Mrs. Gomperz, whose property they morally were until that moment.5 A copy ofa letter from Francis E, Flaherty, Acting Assistant Chief, Special Projects Division, the Department of State, to President von KleinSmid, dated May 12,1947, is in the library. Itreads: Reference is made to the Department’s letter ofMarch 28,1947 and previous corz respondence concerning a library ofbooks and manuscriptsin Austria ofthe late Dr. Heinrich Gomperz, which is now the property ofthe University ofSouthern Caliz fornia. There has been received an airmail communication dated April 17,1947 from the American Legation at Vienna which reads as follows: “Dr. Walter Zoehrer, notary public, Hietzinger Hauptstrasse 107, Vienna XIII, informs me Gomperz library, comprising approximately one car load ofbooks, is in his safekeeping. According to an estimate furnished by Intercontinentale AG fuer Transport und Verkehrswesen, Vienna, shipment ofthe booksfrom Vienna to Swiss borderto Antwerp port about $700; and sea freight to Los Angeles about $3 50. Exact price depends onweightwhich at present only can be estimated. “Dr. Zoehrerstated that ifnecessary he would be willing to advance the Schillings for the Austrian freight charges provided Mrs. Gomperz agrees to bear these costs. Entire cost ofshipmentfrom Swiss border on,however,must be paid in dollars which could be collected at arrival at port ofdestination by Intercontinentale’s correspondz ent International Traffic Company, 206 South Spring Street, Los Angeles, 12, Caliz fornia.” It is hoped that the above information will enable the University to proceed with arrangements for the shipment ofthe library. The Department and the Legation will ofcourse be glad to be ofany further assistance possible. OnJuly 19,1947, Ada Gomperz wrote to Dr. Flewelling: 5 The Forest ofYggdrasill, pp. 90-91. GOMPERZ MAJOR II 4 143 $ nibble tonso! diets ito tie fectly ore the 'Offfly : Chief Ut VOS iouscop : lateDi, emCat from tie ma XU x)b,o AGfci a to Swiss .50.Exact Schillings sese costs, arswliicl [respond (12, Cal ceedwii jationJ I wanted to thank you for your renewed assurance ofyour friendship which I vah uated always very highly. And I thank you also for your kind offer to help me in settling everything with the University on behalfofthe shipment ofthe library ofDr. Gomperz’. Now I want to report-I assume you know that anyhow-that I deposited the amountforthe shipping costs with the University and that Dr. von KleinSmid wrote the necessary letter to the State Department.I,in turninformed my lawyer inVienna ofall this and he will take care of everything in the moment the American Consul' ate in Viennawill get in touchwithhim again. And now I do hope thatsome time in the not too distant future the boxes with the books will be sent over here. They will go directly to the University where I will un' pack them and compare their contents with the existing catalogue. A few days later,6 Flewelling was happy to report to Seeley Green' leafMudd that We shall have the opportunity to buy such portions ofthe Gomperz library as re' mained inVienna andmay prove ofvalue to ourspecial collection. Mrs. Gomperz in' forms me that there are some sixteen thousand [sic] volumes on theway fromAustria, i.e., ifthe Soviets release them. I have dared to hope that the library may some day be as outstanding in the facilitiesfor research as the building is already. And then, a little over a year later, on December 7,1948, to the same friend and benefactor: I want to express my gratification overthe purchase by the University fortwenty' five thousand dollars, ofthe remaining Gomperz books. I feel that yourinfluencewas very strong in bringing this to pass and I appreciate very much the advice you gave mewhen I presented the matterto you. It means probably that we are in possession of valuable source material, historical and philosophical, that can be found no where else on the Coast. I feel that it is not merely a matter for boasting either because with the present destruction ofbooks inEurope, European scholars as well as American, will have to turn to us forresearch materials. We have already acquired an enviable repU' tation in this respect and the Gomperz addition will add very much to it. Dr. Stieg7 6 August 25,1947. 7 Lewis F. Stieg, University Librarian. Several years ago Isaw a letter in which Dr. Flewelling paid tribute to the skilful efforts ofDr. Stieg in the negotiationsleading to theUniversity’s purchase ofthe collection: but unhappily I have been unable to locate itfor more specific reference here. 4 144 ^ DR- FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY informs me that there are at least ten extensive and otherwise unpurchasable sets in the collection. Two or three other matters remain to be touched upon and we are through with this largely circumstantial account ofwhat, for a small branchlibraryin the late forties,was a substantial addition to itsfacilities for study and research, especially in classical literature and philosophy. First, the question ofmoney. Clearly $25,000 is not $40,000, the fig' ure which had been arrived at by “independent book experts” (viz., Zeitlin & Ver Brugge Booksellers, ofLos Angeles) as the value ofthe collection. Nevertheless, despite occasional differences involving esti' mation ofneed on the one hand and institutional capacity for response on the other, there had always existed among Flewelling, Dr. and Mrs. Gomperz, and the University Administration, an underlying spirit of mutual respect and even appreciation. There is little reason to think that what was obviously a compromise was not reached in an atmos' phere ofat least restrained congeniality. Finally, what about the “Viennese girl” who had hidden “approxi' mately one car load ofbooks” in a Vienna basement in time for them to be fortuitously buried under “tons ofwreckage” until they could be dug out and transported to theWestCoast ofthe United Statesforfinal disposition on Hoose’s (then) ample and orderly shelves ? Lloyd Arvid' son, whose contribution to The Hoose Library ofPhilosophy Gomperz Collection has already been noticed, wrote his account near enough the event in point oftime to inspire confidence. His paragraph ofsummary may well be given here, especially as it contains the apparently only discoverable identification ofan undoubted bibliothecal heroine. The University desired to purchase the rest ofthe library, and arrangements were completedjust before Germany confiscated Austrian property ofJewish exiles. The German government was informed that the Gomperz library had been acquired by the University and as American propertywas notsubject to seizure. Thissaved the library for a fewmonths, but entrance ofthe United Statesinto thewarwith Germany brought an end to this protection. Heroic efforts by Maria Zohrer, Professor Gom- GOMPERZ MAJOR II 4 145 > perz’s secretary, in concealing the library prevented its confiscation. With the cessa/ tion ofhostilities Fraulein Zohrerrevealed the location ofthe books, American occu/ pation forces recovered them, and they were shipped to the University. Cataloguing is nownearly complete.8 8 5th un-numbered page. 9 In The Hoose Library ofPhilosophy Gomperz Collection, 1950. Just a further suggestion-or conjecture. Could there be other than coincidental connection between Fraulein Zohrer and the “Dr. Walter Zoehrer, notary public,” ofthe State Department’s courteous dispatch ofMay 12,1947? # # # # # After being atsome pains to point out that “Gomperz MajorII” has just but seriously neglected claims to major attention, it may seem a little inconsistent, to say the least, not to attempt an ample description. The fact is, however, that that difficult task has already been admirably accomplished by Wilbur Long in “An Analysis of the Gomperz Library. ”9 And ofcourse the rationale for quoting in full Heinrich Gomperz’s memorandumofSeptember 28,1939, was precisely that in itself it constitutes a first-hand account worth many times over any but the most expert longer (and in the nature ofthings scarcely more knowledgeable) appraisal. As detailed in that interesting document, the library’s holdings of sixteenth- and seventeenth-centurybookswere to be increased bysome three hundred volumes. Among the so-called Renaissance imprints added, perhaps PeterLombard’s Sententiae (Basle, i486), Ramon Lull’s De secretis naturae (1541), and the first Florence edition ofBoccaccio’s Vita di Dante (1576) may be singled out for arbitrary mention. Ofthe works of the Italian Girolamo Cardano, true Renaissance man—philosopher, mathematician, physician—there were De consolatione (1542), Libellus de simplicium medicinarum noxa (1545), andArcanapolitica (163 5). 4 146 J DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY The library possesses several first editions of Tommaso Campanella (seventeenth/century), butmost ofthemhad been boughtin early 1937 (checked during the previous year) from the Gilhofer & Ranschburg catalogue. Of Descartes, only the Oeuvres completes (1897/1910) was marked for order at that time. Now we note the acquisition ofthe sec/ ond Amsterdam edition ofMeditationes deprima philosophia (1644) and the rare first Latin edition ofthat pioneering psychological work, Pas, siones animae (1650). Descartes’ disciple Nicolas Malebranche is rep/ resented in the library by Meditationes chretiennes (1683) and Recueil de toutes les reponses du P. Malebranche a M. Arnaud (1709); though the former work, along with Entretiens sur la metaphysique et sur la religion (Rotterdam, 1688), was selected for individual purchase in 1936. Notable forits size-between five and six thousandvolumes-and for its breadth and depth ofcoverage, is the Gomperz collection on Greek and Latin philosophy and literature, now largely incorporated in the main “working” collection of the library. These books were origi/ nally assembled by bibliographically/minded active scholars; thusthey include many ofthe best modern editions, commentaries, translations, and dictionary aids. Works by and about Aristotle are particularly im/ pressive-including of course the 23/volume (in 46) Commentaria in aristotelem graeca (Berlin, 1882/1909) and the Supplementum aristoteli' cum (Berlin, 1885/1903). But ingeneral the gathering ofhistorical, criti/ cal, and exigetical items is impressive, providing a rather comprehen/ sive survey ofGerman classical scholarship from the beginning ofthe nineteenth century to 1937. Here,justfor example,may be foundnear/ ly 650 volumes ofthe greatTeubner textual seriesBibliotheca scriptorum graecorum etromanorum. For a young library, lacking generous accumulation of materials over many decades ofsteady and assiduous collecting, this was a cir/ cumstance to be celebrated. And notjust at the south end ofthe cam/ pus. Professor Arthur H. Weston, then ofthe Classical Languages De/ partment, viewed the new resource from the perspective ofanother, if GOMPERZ MAJOR II ^ 147 ^ related, discipline; and from the standpoint ofthe larger concerns of the University Library as a whole. These volumes belong to the series ofEuropean publications that, as a matter of course, flowed into the libraries ofwell-established American universities before the firstWorld War. At that time the University ofSouthern California was a relatively young and small institution without adequate funds to acquire them. The signifi/ cance ofthis section ofthe Gomperz purchase, therefore, lies in the fact that it sup/ plements the University’s holdings in classical philology with an extremely valuable and complete collection ofmaterials. Such a collection could now be assembled only with great difficulty; in fact, a large portion ofit could not be obtained at all. The two European wars spared neither university libraries, nor publishing houses on the Continent. In many instances both warehouses and printing plates have been destroyed, particularly in central Europe, to whose scholars in the classical field the world is so deeply indebted. Through this portion ofthe collection, therefore, the University has been able to fill large gaps in its holdings on classical philology with out/of/print and rare titles.10 10 A statement elicited by Professor Long for his “Analysis.” The other great component of “Gomperz Major II” consists of a library of some 2,000 volumes on German philosophy and related subjects published between (roughly) i860 and 1930. Only the technically trained scholar could begin to classify, let alone appreciate the value ofthis section (also largely assimilated) in the light ofmodern developments in scientific, logical, and psychological philosophy. Consequently, I can do no better than repeat, with permission, and with some expansion ofabbreviations, Professor Long’s analysis in selective outline form-a method which follows that ofGomperz himselfin dealing with the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuriesin the pamphlet describing the Seeley Wintersmith Mudd Foundation Special Collection which has previously appeared in a note and to which we shall shortly return. The works ofa few authors included here (for example, Fechner, Lotze and Bolzano) actually form a part of“Gomperz Major I,” as the careful reader would in any event notice. 4 148 £ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY Independent Thinkers. Gustav Theodor Fechner, physicist, panpsychist, humorist, andfounderofexperimentalpsychology, 50vols., an unusuallycompletecollectionof all his works, almost all first editions. Eduard von Hartmann, who synthesized Schopenhauer, Hegel, Schelling, and modern science, a very unusual and complete collection, 53 vols. Arthur Drews, his disciple, 6 vols. Friedrich Nietzsche, 25 vols. Ernst Haeckel, 6 vols. Wilhelm Wundt, almost complete collection, both philosophical and psychological, 38 vols. Hermann Lotze, 23 vols., an almost complete collection ofhis works. Ofhis followers, Gustav Teichmiiller, 15 vols., and Max Wentscher, 5 vols. Positivism. FriedrichJodi, almost complete collection, 14 vols. Richard H.L. Avenarius, 6 vols. Ernst Mach, nearly complete collection, 17 vols. Wilhelm Ostwald, nearly complete collection, 12 vols. Richard Wahle, 9 vols. Theodor Ziehen, 6 vols. and pamphlets. Richard Miiller-Freienfels, nearly complete collection, 17 vols. Neo'Kantianism. Otto Liebmann, 7 vols.JohannesVolkelt, almost complete collection, 13 vols. Alois Riehl, 10 vols. Richard Honigswald, 5 vols. Ernst Cassirer, nearly complete, except for most recent works, 16 vols. Wilhelm Windelband, most ofhis writings, 12 vols. HeinrichRickert, 9 vols. Emil Lask, collected works, 3 vols. Bruno Bauch, 5 vols.Jonas Cohn, 6 vols. Hugo Miinsterberg, 4 vols. Ernst von Aster, 6 vols. Leonard Nelson, founder ofneo-Friesian school, nearly complete collection, 11 vols. Wilhelm Bousset, 6 vols. Rudolf Otto, 5 vols. Phenomenology. Bernard Bolzano, precursor oflogistics and phenomenology, 38 vols., exceptionally complete collection,some items extremely rare. Franz Brentano, unusual collection, 29 vols. Anton Marty, nearly complete, 8 vols. Karl Stumpf, 5 vols.Edmund Husserl, head ofcontemporary phenomenologicalschool, 7 vols. Emil Utitz, his disciple, 5 vols. Max Scheier, chiefdisciple, nearly complete collection, 20 vols.JahrbuchfurPhilosophie undPhanomenologische Forschung, chieforgan ofHusserl’s school, 12 vols. Theodor Lipps, synthesizer oflogic and psychology, but leaning toward Husserl, exceptional collection, 19 vols. Alexius Meinong, proponent ofGegenstandstheorie, most ofhis writings, 13 vols. Hans Pichler, 7 vols. Alois Holier, 4 vols. NeO'Realism. Oswald Kiilpe, most ofhis writings, 9 vols. August Messer, 7 vols. Erich Becher, 7 vols. Gustav Storring, 6 vols. Otto Friedrich Pfordten, 6 vols. Nicolai Hartmann, earlier writings, 5 vols. Neo'Thomism. Victor Cathrein, 5 vols. Georg Friedrich Herding, 4 vols. Joseph Geyser, outstanding representative of this school, exceptional collection, 18 vols. Martin Grabmann, 9 vols. Jakob Frohschammer, who has now separated himself from the Church’s official teachings, complete collection, 22 vols. General. In this group are included various movements notseparately listed above. GOMPERZ MAJOR II 4 149 > Identification oflogic with the category ofvalue: Benno Erdmann, 8 vols., Heinrich Maier, nearlycomplete collection, 7 vols.;WilhelmJerusalem, 5 vols.; PaulHofmann, 6 vols. Neo-idealism and religious metaphysics: Hans Schwarz, almost complete, 12 vols.;Johannes Verweyen, 6 vols.; Ottmar Dittrich, 5 vols.; KarlJoel, 7 vols.; Traugott Oesterreich, 4 vols.; Heinrich Scholz, 5 vols. Biological neo-vitalism: Hans Driesch, main and some minor writings, 12 vols. Psycho-metaphysics: Karl Groos, 4 vols.; Paul Haberlin, 4 vols. w w w w w It may be permissible to end this chapter with still another observation and a considerable caveat. Interestingly enough, the importance of “Gomperz Major II” was more than bibliographical. From an administrative point ofview, as we have seen, the Hoose Library during much ofits earlier history had bordered on the autonomous (though indeed that was a decreasingly significant factor after the mid-thirties when such services as ordering and cataloguing came more and more to be provided by the University Library). It will be remembered how “Gomperz Major I” was mainly a Hoose transaction, with most ofthe funds being personally solicited by Dr. Flewelling and gratefully received from Dr. Mudd. Now, with “influence” and “advice” supplanting heretofore welcome checks from that quarter (see Flewelling’s letter to Seeley Greenleaf Mudd, December 7,1948, previously noted),11 purchase ofthe 10,000 volumes with “regular” University funds, at the enthusiastic behest of Flewelling, Daniel S. Robinson, then Director of the School of Philosophy, and Dr. Lewis F. Stieg, University Librarian, signalized the end ofwhatever ambivalence still remained. As Dr. Stieg says: “The status ofHoose was now definite; it was the departmental library for philosophy ofthe University Library; its budget was incorporated in 11 It was not, however, the end ofsolicitousness and generosity. More than once in the years to come Dr. Mudd would contribute fundsrunning into the tens ofthousands of dollarsfor the maintenance and improvement ofuse philosophy’s (and the library’s) physical appurtenances. 4 150 J DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY the University Library’s budget and adminstrative amalgamation was therefore complete.”13 12 Letter to the author, September 30,1975. 13 Since this was written I have received the letter from Dr. Stieg noted above. His comment on this point may be regarded as authoritative. “After the collection was acquired, we had to determine what was appropriate for Hoose and what for the general collection ofthe University Library. It’s possible that somewhere there are exact figures on the distribution, but I doubt it. My recollection is that very little went into the general collections-some German and Classical literature, some miscellaneousitems ofmarginal value. I think 5 percent would probably be a high estimate.” Finally,just asithas neverbeen the case that ^//the universitylibrary’s materials on philosophy have been situated in the philosophy library, so not all ofthis final Gomperz acquisition came to Hoose. Some of those volumes which, while they may have had their philosophical im/ plications, were nevertheless deemed to be most specifically useful to students ofclassical literature, ofreligion, ofpsychology, etc., went to Doheny. Exact numbers or percentages are unknown to this writer. The art ofreconstruction (as well as the essential history of even the mostlimited ofconcerns) islong; andlife isshort; andpresumably these are among the things that will ever remain, for him, in the realm of very real ifminor mystery.13 XVIII. CHANGES AND CONTINUATIONS Was ibrary’s library, omeo[ Trmadean bowen (later Mrs. Haberly), who came to Hoose on hlL X October I, 1940, began her first annual report1 somewhat diffi' sefulto dently. “In attempting to report the year’s activity in the Hoose Li' iventto brary,” she wrote, “the new librarian feels that she may fail to give an ^ adequate account ofthework, or that the activitywhich entailed most, oftime and effort, may not be given due emphasis.” Fair enough, com k^ sidering that she was only summarizing the work of a predecessor-a ahof not uncommon practice during a period ofremarkably rapid turnover ofpersonnel. But what would she have thought of a chronicler who cheerfully brushes aside ten years of “time, effort, and activity” merely to tell the story ofGomperz and the Gomperz books at one more or less convenientsession-notwithoutappropriate sectional breaks?Well, the rationale ofthat procedure has already been advanced, and it will not be further argued here as we return to pick up the tattered threads (tattered phrase!) of the larger narrative. (Except to say that twenty' five years’ experience has taught that there is a great commonality of misunderstanding aboutwhatis intended, orshould be, by a seemingly straightforward designation: and I hope that ifI can perform one serv' ice for the Hoose Library it will be to provide a fuller and better'bal' anced meaning for “Gomperz Collection.”) Achieving Miss Bowen’s due emphasis, ofcourse, is as much a matter ofrejecting what is trivial or dull as it is ofincluding the sprightly and significant; and except that there is a programmed “hold” to inspectsome itemslisted in a catalogue manque compiled in 1940, perhaps we could move with at least all de' liberate speed through a decade ofinstitutional history the course of whose bibliographic climacteric we already know. ^md On May 19,1938, Flewelling wrote to B. A. G. Fuller, who, it will broil' \ ‘For1939-40. I5I 4 152 £ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY be remembered, was still abroad after completing work on his highly successfulHistory ofPhilosophy. We are beginning to wonder when you get back to our bailiwick. I am planning now to go offon a fishing expedition in the north for a month beginning about the middle ofJune. AfterthatIshall be back and on thejob. We are in the throes ofchange because the delightful little body who has been our librarian this past year has been offered ajob teaching library work in the Pratt Institute in New York and now we have to begin all over again. Her work has been marked by a great loyalty to the philosophy library and she has been very co-operative. We shall miss her very much. The delightful little body was of course Gladys Boughton, whom we have already met briefly in a note. She was the librarian from August i, 1937,to June 15,1938, and wrote only one annual report, that for the previousfiscal year, 1936-37. There she was pleased to note the accessioning ofseveral rare works ofTommaso Campanella; of The Oceana ofJames Harrington, and his other Works; Som whereofare nowfirst publish’dfrom his own Manuscripts...Prefix’d by fohn Toland (London, 1700)-containing Harrington’s famous Utopia or blueprint for a perfect commonwealth first published in 1656; ofthePosthumous Works of Mr.fohnLocke (London, 1706); and ofthe Operaposthuma ofBenedictus de Spinoza-all ofwhich derived from the Gilhofer & Ranschburg Gomperz catalogue and some ofwhich have already been encountered in these pages. Additionally, and testifying to a continuing interest in bibliophily as such quite apart from more specifically philosophical concerns, there was Dibdin s elegantly-printed Bibliotheca Spenceriana (7 vols., 1814-23). Miss Boughton also revealed that the “average number ofbooks reserved each month” was 465 and that “cards typed for magazine index” numbered 565. The reportfor 193 7-3 8 was written by Frances Richman, ofthe CirculationDepartment ofDohenyLibrary, though it in turn largely covered the brieftenure ofGladys Boughton, who, as we have seen, left in June, 193 8. It contained details ofseveral interesting exhibits, including alchemical books and manuscripts, gifts from the libraries offamous CHANGES AND CONTINUATIONS 4 153 > people, fine editions ofDescartes and books and manuscripts concern' ing Port Royal and the Jansenist movement.” There was also an ac' count of the Argonaut Society dinner celebrating the acquisition of “Gomperz Major I,” of which we have already taken anticipatory notice. Fuller’s reply (June 15,1938) to Flewelling’s letter ofMay 19 made no mention ofthe library or ofthe throes ofchange being experienced there. But it did contain one paragraph that would make fascinating reading wherever philosophers or philosophy books and papers were gathered together. I have seen Santayana-I came here to Rome especially to see him. He is somewhat aged (he is 75) & somewhat slowed down-but brilliant as ever. He is now in the last oftheRealms-theRealm ofSpirit; &is also putting together a book on society &politics, to be called “Powers & Principalities,” or is it the other way around. I am not quite sure ofmy pseudo-Dionysius. And then, a sentence whose inclusion here is even harder to justifyexcept that it is inimitably Fuller, and the very essence (his usual Realm) oferudite humor. You, Isuppose are offon yourfishing trip-a veritable anti-Christ to the [inestimable ?] and blamelesstrout, whose faith in a moral government ofthe world yourfly & hook-so calculated, so deliberate, so purposive & dysteleological and malevolently Satanic-must gravely shake. Flewelling tried bravely to answer in kind (August 17), insisting that hewas merely “offering... a sort ofeuthanasia whichprevents the long and entailed suffering which would come to a trout who dies of old age...” and declaring that his conscience was as clear as ifhe had been a mechanistic'materialist. But this only adduced a long and learned re' joinder (August 28) which must not be produced here, beginning with the “dear enemy’s” observation that “Your piscatorial theodicy strikes [me] -like most other theodicies-asfishy to say the least.” In September, 1938, Rebekah Hash assumed her duties as the third head ofthe Hoose Library ofPhilosophy, continuing untilJune, 1940, 4 154 £ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY after which the position was to go unfilled on a permanent basis until October ofthat year, when Irmadean Bowen would become Library ian. Miss Hash’s report for 193 8/39 very properly concentrated on the library’s newly strengthened position in the SouthernCaliforniaworld ofrare books. Special cards have been made ofthe library’s holdingsin incunabulawith the num' ber ofthe item as listed by Hain in his RepertoriumBibliographicum noted on each card. A duplicate set ofthese cards was sent to the editor ofthe Second Census ofIncunabula in AmericanLibraries, at the request ofthe editor. The librarian has made a chronologi' cal file ofthese rare items as well as thisfile by Hain number. In Decemberthe library was asked to send the editor ofthe Second Census additional information about Sym, bolaPythagorae aPhilippo Beroaldo MoraliterExplicata, impressumBoniae aBenedictoRec^ toris, 1500. It seems that this is the only copy known in America and is listed only in Hain. We were pleased to send the bibliographical data from our copy. WPA workers who were outlining a project involving the listing ofmanuscripts in American libraries were given bibliographical material on the rare manuscripts holdings in this library. The librarian is very interested in the activities ofthe University library committee and stafftoward working out a code for rare books in the entire library system and hopesthat when such a code is perfected the rare booksfromHoose can have a special room and be arranged along the line ofan adopted code. The student assistants have oiled [sir] all the rare booksin the library this year, tak' ing care ofthe Gomperz books as they came from the catalog department. Exhibits in the Main Reading Room, which were changed every two weeks during the school year, included: first editions ofEnglish eighteenth'century philosophers(from the new Gomperz acquisition); Voltaire, ‘different editions ofthe encyclopedia and of his collected works (also from [“Gomperz Major I”] in conjunction with items the library already had)”; interesting bindings recently acquired; Hoose manuscriptslisted in the Census ofMedieval andRenaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada, by Seymour de Ricci andW.J. Wilson (3 vols., 193 5'4o);2 and books, pamphlets, and original manuscripts of F.C.S. Schiller. 2 In The Forest ofYggdrasill (p. 92) Flewelling recalls that “Visited by Seymour de Ricci, the French bibliophile, who was taking the census of extant manuscripts. . . in America, he declared [the Hoose gatherings] to be the beginning ofa great collection.” CHANGES AND CONTINUATIONS 4 155 > Activities of 1939-40, too, clustered quite naturally about the Special Library of the Seeley Wintersmith Mudd Foundation, to use that (as here) sometimes portmanteau term generally indicative ofrare books -along with some “monumental” sets-wherever shelved or whenever and under whatever auspices obtained. (Otherwise, of course, the phrase has been applied exclusively to those rare books which were the gift ofthe Mudd family; and, most reductively ofall, to the 1937 contingent ofthe total Gomperz acquisition.) For some time the librarian hadworked closelywithProfessors Gomperz and Flewelling preparing apamphlet describing the special collectionsin theHooseLibrary. That publication (a copy ofwhichwasrequested by an aide acting for Archibald MacLeish, Librarian ofCongress, in May, 1941), wasready forthe dedication ofthe “Gomperz Collection” on the 1st day ofApril, 1940. It is deserving ofa measure ofcomment, together with a few notes on some ofthe itemsit contains; with considerable emphasis on those that have been the subject ofsecondary publication-their individual existences having thus beenjustified in a more or less concrete ifnot always major way. And so, by way ofstill another obstacle to the plain flow of the narrative, an intermediate chapter ofinformal talk about manuscripts and printed books illustrative ofthe results oftwenty-five years of “special” collecting by a branch library whose main concern, we must not forget, was always to make available those humbler scholarly texts and commentaries so essential for day-to-day study and research in a somewhat arcane discipline. Before going to that, however, a furthersmall detail from the annual report of 193 9-40 may be worth noting. In January, 1940, eighty-one duplicates from “Gomperz Major I” were sent to the Yale University Library in exchange for an unspecified collection ofMarcus Aurelius.3 3 Another Gomperz book destined eventually for Yale is Horace Walpole’s copy ofShaftesbury’s A Notion ofthe Historical Draught or Tablature oftheJudgment ofHercules (1713). In 1973 it went to Wilmarth S. Lewis tojoin the other books from Walpole’s library that form an integral part ofMr. Lewis’ unexcelled collection ofWalpoliana, “one day ... [to] be a part of Yale University.” (See “Strawberry Hill-Hoose-Farmington,” Coranto, IX, No. 1 [1973], 36-37«) MANUSCRIPTS, INCUNABULA, AND A FEW OTHERS A thirty-nine page brochure entitled The Seeley Wintersmith MuddFoundation Special Collection in theHoose Library ofPhiloS' ophy, School of Philosophy (University of Southern California, 1940) -5,040 copies were printed-consists, ideally enough, of seven parts: “Historical Statement,” “Recent Acquisitions: Philosophyfrom 1700-- 1850,” “Manuscripts,” “Incunabula,” “OtherRareties” [sic], “AssociationBooks,” “SpecialReferenceSets.”Technicallyspeaking, treatment ofthe various items included under those heads leaves much to be desired. But it is all we have in the way ofa general introduction and guide to the special collectionsin the library, and for thirty-five yearsit has played an honorable role in acquainting visitors and resident students, as well as scholars at a distance, with resources that may not be impressive in the larger world ofrare books but whose function has nevertheless been to “encourage development ofa sense ofthe past (or appreciation ofthe best in the present) and to serve quite openly awide variety ofbibliographicalspecial interests.”1 For present purposes, the first two and last sections may be disregarded, as having already been covered, ifnot always adequately, at least at some length. Ofcourse we have also had occasion to mention, as they arrived, a few ofthe manuscripts and printed books described in the other four parts as well. However, from time to time we have promised fuller discussion of particular items; and this seems to be the place to make good on those gratuitous commitments. Ofthetenmanuscriptslistedin thebrochure (severalhavebeen added since 1940, and others, while they are undeniably manuscripts, are not Rare Books at USC, a pamphlet ofsix un-numbered pages printed by the late Saul Marks at the Plantin Press, Los Angeles, 1973. MANUSCRIPTS, INCUNABULA, & A FEW OTHERS 4 *57 J* medieval or even Renaissance manuscripts), Boethius, De consolatione philosophiae (SouthernFrance, thirteenthcentury) has alreadybeencharacterized as a favorite ofProfessor Flewelling’s. And certainly the delicate tracery ofitsilluminated borders, at least, has served to capture the imagination ofmany another viewer who may have known little of the pioneer “personalist” or his middle-ages best seller, and probably cared somewhat less. The only other Hoose candidate for any possible award for physical beauty is Petrus de la Palud, Exposito in quartum lib' rum sententiarum Petri Lombardi. This ample work was written on very fine vellum, probably about 1480 in Italy. Itformerly belonged to Federigo de Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino (who died in 1482), and his arms, showing the insignia ofthe gonfaloniership ofthe Holy Roman church which he held from 1465, are incorporated in an elaborately painted border ofscrolls and flowers in various colors on the recto of the first folio-where there is also a large skilfully illuminated initial C. The textofthemanuscript(whichwasboughtfromDawson’sfor $400) is a commentary on the fourth book only (!) of the Sentences of Peter Lombard, the principal textbook of university theology students during much ofthe later Middle Ages. According to the dictum ofthe greatEnglish booksellerE. P. Goldschmidt, however, and despite some clearly attractive visual features, the Palud would definitely not qualify as a darling ofthe Beautifulbook People set. “It is odd,” Goldschmidt declares with deliberate exaggeration, that in the field ofprinted books high market values can maintain themselves for volumes that are devoid of any asethetic appeal whatsoever. A Shakespeare quarto, a first edition ofGalilei or ofMoliere are miserably ugly things but very costly. The market value ofmedieval manuscripts however is quite independent oftheir contents. It is determined solely by the dominant question: Are there any pictures in them?2 2 “The Period Before Printing,” Talks on Book-Collecting, ed. P. H. Muir (London, 1952), P* 25. <[ 158 J DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY Indeed there are no manuscripts here with any picturesin them.What' ever distinction the library’s handwritten books confer on their own' ers, then, must be associated with the fact that they are books, not objets d’art. And ofthat, Goldschmidt (from whom the library bought more than one item ofscholarly significance, though apparently no manm scripts) would doubtless approve. A fifteenth'centuryEnglishmanuscriptwhose entry in the catalogue reads “Grosseteste, Robert, bp. ofLincoln, d. 1253, Commentary on Aris' totle s Posterior analytics,” has been the subject of an informative article in Coranto^ by Richard C. Dales, now Professor ofHistory at the Uni' versity of Southern California. Here Grosseteste’s Commentarius in lib' ros posteriorum Aristotelis is accompanied by another work, apparently unpublished, known as Theorica astronomie, which has been variously ascribed to Simon ofBredon and to WalterBrit-whose trialfor heresy received extended treatment in Foxe’s Book ofMartyrs. Professor Dales concludes thatwhile the manuscript’s version ofGrosseteste’s Common' tary will probably be ofslight value in establishing the definitive text of that work, the Theorica astronomic may prove to be of “considerable importance, not because ofany original ideas it contains but rather for the insights it provides into the teaching ofastronomy during the later middle ages.” The name “Powis” written in ink inside the cover ofa nineteenth'century calfbinding indicates that the book probably once belonged to Edward Herbert, Lord Powis (1785'1848).4 It was a Jane Carlin Flewelling (i.e., aProfessorFlewelling) gift to the library in 1931. By an interesting coincidence, this book was also involved in a spir' ited exchange betweenFlewellingandProfessorDales’sformerteacher, S. Harrison Thomson. Writing on January 8, 1934, the paleographer expressed doubt concerning ascription of the Theorica astronomic to Walter Brit “[as] in the typed ascription” (Voynich’s [?], tipped in the 3II, No. 2 (1965), 7-11. 4 See the Dictionary ofNational Biography, IX, 653; and Seymour de Ricci, English Collectors of Books&Manuscripts (153°~193o) and Their Marks ofOwnership (Indiana University Press, i960), P- IZ5- MANUSCRIPTS, INCUNABULA, & A FEW OTHERS 4 *59 J volume), though that attribution was a very secondarily cautious one, to say the least: “The ‘Theorica Astronomie’.. .is by Walter Brit (fl. 1390), according to two Oxford MSS.,Digby XV f. 58V-92 and Wood 8 d. f. 93, or by Simon ofBredon (Digby xlviii f. 112v), both fellows of Merton.” ButThomson’s chiefcomplaints had to do with two Hoose Library practices-one, in use Library parlance, in the area of“technical services,” the otherin “public services.” He had referred to the book as “MS. accession No. 110013 ” and nowventured to suggest that for purposes ofconformity with general library practice, your ms collection have, in addition to your accession&shelfnumber a ms. signature; beginning probablywith 1. I must list the Grosseteste, & to give these mss either ofthe numbers by which they arenowknownwould appear absurd. I shall be forced to give it an arbitrarynumber. Only theBibi. Nationale at Paris & Brussels & Brit.MuseumAdditional have five figure numbers. All others [sic] ms. collections are in three, or at mostfive figures-signi" fying exclusively manuscripts.5 May I further remark that it is easier to consult the Codex Vaticanus or the Lindis" fame Gospels than one ofyour mss. It seems to me that a library attendant should knowwhen a person can show that he knows what he wants and is mature enough to be able to vote, stupid red tape is superfluous. In addition, I showed her three articles on your own shelves based onms research & she still had no authority to let me look at the mss in her presence. Come to see me and I’ll showyou some 10th, nth, 12th, 13 th, and 15 th century mss ofunique treatises,& all you need is to know what you want to see. I’ve used almost 200 ms collections throughout Europe & America and I’ve known only one where I metwith such stupid red tape, and that almost as small a col" lection as yours. Flewelling replied at length on the 13 th: I am sorry indeed that we had not earlier learned ofyour presence in Los Angeles, forI can see howwewould profit very much by your knowledge ofmedieval manu" scripts. Wehad no intention ofmisrepresenting ourmanuscripts, and depended upon the word ofsuch book men as Voynich and Seymour de Ricci. As to the numbers assigned to our manuscripts, they are only such as will enable the librarian easily to lo" cate the item, and conform to our general catalogue. It had not occurred to us yet to 5 In the end he solved the problemin the simplest way possible: by giving the manuscript no number at all (see The Writings ofRobert Grosseteste, Bishop ofLincoln, 1235-1253 [Cambridge University Press, 1940], p. 84). 4 l60 J DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY call ours a collection, because we have so few, and ifwhat you say is true, perhaps they have too little interest to make much difference. I greatly regret being absent when you came, for had I been here you certainly would have had free and abundant access to whatever we have. I think you are, how/ ever, a bit unfair to the library attendant, and that you should remember first of all that this is not a public library. It is a departmental library under the general library system ofthe university, and aims primarily to be useful to ourstudents, although we are always glad to be ofservice to the general public when there is some particular educational interest to be advanced. I must venture to disagree with you with regard to access to libraries in general. I myselfhave worked in the leading libraries inEurope, and never have found one to which I could have free access had it not been forletters ofintroduction thatI carried. I think it is a little too much to expect to go into a place as an entire stranger and to de/ mand thingsin a peremptoryway and get them. Unfortunately, ourlibrarian has too little help, and there are times when desk work would absolutely prevent her from any oversight ofthe use ofmanuscripts. IfI am rightly informed, you did not even show her your card, and it was not until later that she realized who you were. I am greatly amazed thatshe accorded you any privileges at all under those circumstances. Thomson wrote again onJanuary 18, and Flewelling musthave been considerably mollified. Any ms. collection is worth numbering, regardless ofits value. I should not say yours was at all inconsiderable-particularly among American universities. I was both surprised and pleased to find two friends ofmine represented. Ishould say that one of 15 copies ofa work is rare enough to be distinctly valuable, particularly ifit was writ/ ten within a century ofthe archetype. I have some rare mss, but I have none ofany of the men I have published articles or books of[sir]-and would count myselfhappy to have either ofthe mss I saw. Wouldit bemischievousto suggest thatitmayhave fleetingly occurred to a harried library attendant that thatmight be precisely the point ? A fifteenth/century manuscript “continet Ciceronis De officiis libros i-iii et Leonardi Aretini Praefationes in Oeconomica aristotelis” has prevh ously been mentioned as having been studied at length by Doris MerL thew. Designated Codex h, its known history in detail covers only about a hundred years (at one time it belonged to the renowned collect MANUSCRIPTS, INCUNABULA, & A FEW OTHERS 4 l6l J tor Sir Thomas Phillipps). It bears the sixteenth-century autograph of Jodocus des Mares, however, and on its metal clasp the coat-of-arms of the barons ofPoligny and the motto droite voye. It displays illuminated initials throughout, as well as an elaborately illuminated border ofthe French floriated type in red, blue, green, and gold on the recto ofthe first leaf, showing the Poligny arms again in a shield at the bottom. The script ofthe main body ofCodex h, comprising Cicero’s De officiis, is a variation ofthe Gothic minuscule, the so-called lettre batarde, a mixed cursive and book script ofthe (later) fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, retaining traces ofits ancestral Gothic. According to Dr. Merithew in her unpublished dissertation (use, 1958), there are suspected readings and interpolations in all extantmanuscripts ofDe officiis. Codex h usually agrees with the general manuscript tradition, though there are hundreds ofexamples oftextual variations which can be traced back to no exemplar; this may be due either to deliberate tampering on the part ofa scribe or to the influence of a source outside our present knowledge ofthe De officiis manuscript tradition, a source which may no longer be extant. There is a “vulgate tradition” for the De officiis, as for many classical works, providing readings authorized by no extant-or at least no collated-manuscript; Codexhhasseveral hundredreadingsin commonwith thisvulgate tradition, thereby constituting a definite link between it and the classical tradition.6 Back onJanuary 21,1929, Wilfrid M. Voynich had written to Professor Flewelling from NewYork: Since you write that you have already exceeded your appropriation for the year, perhaps this is not the moment to report to you a 14th century ms. ofOckham, written inEngland. Still, I think itmay interest you to know ofit, and so Isend you [a] description herewith. There is no ms. ofthis work ofOckham in the British Museum and my ms. is doubly interesting in that it contains at the end a tract by a certainBur6This paragraph and the one preceding it comprise essentially the text ofmynote in Ceranto, n, No. 1 (1964), 37—38; and that in turn was largely indebted to Dr. Merithew’s abstract ofher dissertation. 4 i62 J DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY leus minor, who has not been identified. Nothing by or about him could be traced in the British Museum. Price ofthe ms. is $850 less the library discount of15 percent. If you care to see itIshallsend it to you on approval. This was agreeable to Flewelling. He replied on the 29th: I do not knowjust how I shall get the money for the William ofOckham manuz script, but ifyou will send it to me on approval it may help me to secure the money. He may not have known exactly how he was going to get the money, but it is safe to assume thatfrom the first he had a good idea ofwhere it would be most advantageous to try. The volume, catalogued on February 17,1930, bears a note and a bookplate identifying it as a giftfrom the Mudd family. The authoroftheprincipalworkin the codex, Scriptum aureum incept toris Willielmi Occham suprapraedicabilia etpraedicamenta Aristotelis, was perhapsthe most influential abstract thinkerofhis time (ca. 1285-1349). Theologian, metaphysician, and logician, his name has entered the language by way of "Ockham’s razor,” the so-called principle of parsimony which he often invoked under some such form as "What can be done with fewer assumptions is done in vain with more.” His Supra praedicabilia et praedicamenta Aristotelis is at the moment (1975) being studied by Father G. Gal, ofthe Franciscan Institute, as one often manuscripts available for collation in the course ofthe Institute’s work on a definitive edition ofthe largerso-called Scriptum aureum. As Voynich surmised, however, the mysterious "Burleus minor” would have the most to offer when it came to a question oforiginality. A letter from Rev.John B. Schunk, San Luis Rey Mission, San Luis Rey, California,June 1,1932, appearsto be ofsufficient interest to quote in its entirety. I hasten to thank you most cordially for the full description ofthe Ockham manuz script which you so kindly sent me. The friars ofQuaracchi near Florence, in prepare ing the critical editions ofBuonaventura, Alexander of Hales, and other Franciscan masters, have scoured practically all the libraries ofEurope, and are thus in a position to confirm the uniqueness ofthe Ockhammanuscript. To themI have forwarded the MANUSCRIPTS, INCUNABULA, & A FEW OTHERS 4 163 ^ description and I shall apprise you ofthe result. An interesting revelation which the description made is the small treatise at the end of the Ockham manuscript (fol. 71/88) presumably by the Franciscan friar, Walter ofBurleigh (Galterus Burlaeus, 1275^1342). Needless to say, I shall be much pleased to avail myself of your gracious invitation to gaze at your bibliophilistic treasures at the earliest opportunity. “Burleus minor” indeed turned out to beWalter Burley, author of the Lives ofthe Philosophers and Poets, a superb copy ofthe rare second printing ofKoberger’s version ofwhichhas previouslybeen described. His tract De puritate artis logicae (at least as far as was known in 1951) exists only in the manuscript here being considered, although another quite distinct work bearing the same title has long been known. It was published by Philotheus Boehner, o.f.m., as Franciscan Institute Publi/ cations, Text Series No. 1, with full critical apparatus, and with appro/ priate acknowledgment to the “Hoose Library ofthe University of Southern California, Los Angeles.”7 In “Fifteenth/Century Stamped Bindings from the Benedictine Monastery of St. Peter atErfurt,” Gutenbergfahrbuch, 1969% Frederick R. Goff cites an example in the Hoose Library which deserves larger mention. Indeed-and this may be a source ofsome consternation to thosewhose only and understandable interest in bookslies inwhatthey manage to convey through their contents-at least one knowledgeable visitor has declared it to be the most remarkable volume in the library. A manuscript Summa naturalium ofAlbertus Magnus is sewed on three bands and enclosed in pink leather over bevelledwooden boards which are linedwith pieces ofparchment coveredwithwriting in Lat/ in.9 The book appears to have been fitted for fastening with leather thongsreaching fromthe edge ofthe back to nearthe center ofthe front 7 The Franciscan Institute, St. Bonaventure, N. Y., and E. Nauwelaerts, Louvain, Belgium, 1951. 8 Pp. 274-79. What follows is adapted (largely copied!) from my “An Early Gothic Binding” in Coranto, VII, No. i (1971), 30-33. 9 Seymour de Ricci and WilliamJ. Wilson, Census ofMedieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada (New York, 1935-40), 1,17, has the following: Albertus Magnus, Summa naturalium. Pap. (ca. 1400), (20 x 15 cm.). Written in Ger- 4 164 £ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY cover.The illustration onpage 116 showsthe stamping on the front.The back cover has the same outer and inner rectangles formed by double fillets; there, however, the figure ofan animal in a lozenge is differently employed, the bird and two smallerstamps do not appear, and a rosette and a star have been added. The spine is left plain. Mr. Goffhas deter/ mined that three ofthe stamps on the use binding were made with tools also used on two St. Peter ofErfurt bindings in the Library of Congress.10 Professor Richard C. Dales has been kind enough to examine the volume. He writes: The script is a vigorous, regular, semi/cursive school hand common in scholastic works ofthe period. It is quite clear. There are no forks or serifs. The d is regularly looped, but h, I, and b are not. There is a tendency to extend the h9 us sign, and termi/ nal m below the line and add a little loop to the right, but otherwise the hand shows no degenerative characteristics. Individual letters worthy ofnote are: the initial u or v whichleansfarto the left; the short, open forked r (after 0 it is a neat 2); the a consisting oftwo loops, the upper one being larger-it was formed by writing an invertedJ, then adding the smaller second loop and continuing thisto connect to the nextletter; the h, the laststroke ofwhich is continued below the line and to the left and is sometimes terminated by a flourish to/ ward the right; the b made by a crisp vertical stroke with a very small unclosed loop at the bottom; the terminals which lookslike an 8 but is made in two strokes, 13. No/ table abbreviations are: 3 for est; the large 2/shaped figure for con; and the ussignwrit/ ten on the line rather than as a superscript. This would point to a German hand ofthe first quarter ofthe fifteenth century. It many. Orig. wooden boards and pink stamped leather, lined with pieces of a Latin deed concerning St. Peter and Paul, ofErfurt. Bought (xvth c.) by Didericus dictus Stalbertus, for the Benedictines of St.-Peter of Erfurt (k. 23).—Obtained fromE. Dawson, Los Angeles, byRalph Tyler Flewelling. The writing on the parchment lining the boardsis very faint; but Professor Dales (see below) thinks it unlikely that the pieces constitute parts ofa Latin deed. Incidentally, Professor Dales also believes that the writing is about a generation older than that of the text of the book.Joseph Theele, Die Handschriften des Benediktinerklosters S. Petrizu Erfurt (Leipzig, 1920), lists the volume as “Quartos 99” in the monastery’s library in 1783, as reconstructed. 10 P. 279. Actually, the ascription ofone ofthese (Mr. Goff’s No. 16) is doubtful; the author worked from rubbings ofthe use binding. MANUSCRIPTS, INCUNABULA, & A FEW OTHERS ^ 165 ^ should be compared with Plates 48-51 of S. Harrison Thomson, Latin Bookhands of theLater Middle Ages (Cambridge University Press, 1969). By all accounts, then, here is an early fifteenth-century manuscript in a binding fashioned in the Monastery ofSt. Peter atErfurt. The question naturally follows: Is the covering strictly contemporary? We cannot be sure ofthat, of course; the book may not have been bound as soon as it was written.11 Nevertheless, pending discovery of circumstantial evidence (or identification ofsome element ofstyle or technique) calling for a negative conclusion, there is room for hopeful conjecture. Ifthe binding is original, as it certainly appears to be, and ifthe text is early fifteenth-century, as Professor Dales thinks it is, then it is easilypossible, ifnotprobable, thatthe binding is early fifteenth-century too-and thus among the pioneers of “Gothic” bookbinding.13 E. P. Goldschmidt describes a binding, now in the Sta. Giustina Monastery at Padua, dated i4io;I3 but virtually all other known survivors are at least forty years younger. This is not the place to ponder the significance ofa relic. A solitary reference, however, may be in order. Discussing the greatmonastic reforms ofthe early fifteenth century (including a return to the scriptorium), Goldschmidt speaks modestly ofthe “small matter ofstamped bookbindings;” then recalls that “the same sudden increase of book writing and book reading that led to the general adoption ofthis sim11 Forjudicious comment on this point, see G. D. Hobson, English BindingsBefore 1500 (Cambridge University Press, 1929), p. 56: “That unbound manuscripts often reposed for years on the shelves of medieval libraries; and that, in consequence, a medieval binding may be ten, twenty, fifty, a hundred years or more later than the manuscript it covers, is a fact which, though well known, is constantly disregarded....” I2 Mr. Goff adds a caveat that may fall in the area of “circumstance.” He points out in a letter that ifthe binding were ascribed to the first quarter ofthe fifteenth century and “If [some] of the stamps are correctly identified [as being the same as those on the Library ofCongress St. Peter ofErfurt bindings] this would indicate that these tools were available forstamping for at least 60 or 80 years, which seems a little unrealistic.” 13 Gothic and Renaissance Bookbindings (London, 1928), I, 129-32. On the puzzling matter ofthe two-hundred-year gap (ca. 1250-1450) between the latest surviving so-called Romanesque bindings and any except the very earliest ofthe Gothic, see also Goldschmidt, “Introduction,” passim. 4 l66 J DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY pie and easy fashion of decoration was also one of the determining factors which prepared the ground for that more momentous deveh opment: the invention ofprinting.”^ Of the thirty'four incunabula in the catalogue-again, of course, more have been added since-not much need be said here. Generally speaking, they are a rather undistinguished lot, thoughindeed anybook emanating from the first halficentury following Goldschmidt’s “mo' mentous development” has its interest, not only for the historian ofthe “Art Preservative ofAll Art,” but as being, ifnot the actual editio prin' ceps ofwhatwas perhaps a significantfactor in our intellectual history -very few ofthese are-at least a printed version nearerthe first than the student would ordinarily expect to have laid before him. And, after all, some “sense ofthe past” should be useful to the devotee of a calling whose followers stubbornly persist in asking the same questions and deprecating the same answers that philosophers have been asking and deploring for centuries. Albertus Magnus is represented by three examples; Boethius (as mightbe expected, givenFlewelling’s enthusiasm) alsoby three,includ' ing the Consolation ofPhilosophy printedbyAntonKoberger atNurem' berg in 1495;^WalterBurley by two; Duns Scotus by two;Jean Char' lier de Gerson by two; and Peter Lombard by three, again. Otherwise, various works ofAristotle, Averroes, St. Bonaventura, Diogenes La' ertius, Pythagoras, William of Ockham, St. Augustine, and Plotinus are physically embodied in single books for each. The De studio legende ofHugo of St. Victor (Strasbourg, ca. 1471) may be the original edi' tion; as also perhaps Symbola Pythagorae a Philippo Beroaldo moraliter ex' plicata (1500). On the subject of early printing hinted at a few paragraphs back: perhapsit will be permissible to reach into the much betterrepresented 14 Gothic & Renaissance Bookbindings, 1,7. *5 See Coranto, V, No. 1 (1967), 31-32, for a note on other than fifteenth-century editions of The Consolation ofPhilosophy in the library. MANUSCRIPTS, INCUNABULA, & A FEW OTHERS 4 167 > following century, as well, for some ofthe authors, titles, and printers thatseem to be appropriate to mention here.16 16Forsomething remarkably like whatimmediately followssee Coranto, V, No. I (1967), 32. The term4 Tineprinting” is a dubious one at best.To be sure, it doesn’t yet suffer the pejorative connotation plaguing its sister “fine writing.” But it does have about it a faint air ofpreciosity often offensive to those who agree with Holbrook Jackson that what makes printing good is simply4 4 the accordance ofthe designwith thewishes ofthe readerwho wants to get down to the business ofreading.” Perhaps, after all, the best printing isjustgoodprinting-sound, sane, and unassuming. And if it is customary to say that much ofthe output ofthe fifteenth and sixteenth centuriesis characterized by those qualities, even a cursory view ofthe Hoose special collections(another precarious phrase, but one that has occurred here frequently enough) will show that the truism really is true. Here earlybooks have been collected for theirliterary and scholarly value and only incidentally as objects ofaesthetic regard.Yet with such integrity did the old printers work that many incunabula-and numerous books ofthe succeeding century as well-easily qualify under bothheads. Here, for example, is Walter Burley’s Lives ofthe Philosophers and Poets, 1477 (already, to be sure, mentioned more than once in these pages), produced by Anton Koberger, who helped to establish the new art in Nuremberg. The volume is printed in a rich, eminentlyreadable letter, and is attractively illuminated throughout. And here is a book notable for bringing together in one volume the work offour ofthe most eminent men ofthe Renaissance. Printed by Johann Froben at Basle in March, 1518, More’s Utopia, and his and Erasmus’ Epigrams, are enhanced by the celebrated map ofUtopia and excellent woodcut borders, two ofwhich are signed by Hans Holbein. Parisis represented by itemsfrom the houses ofJodocus Badius, Robert Estienne, Simon de Colines, and others; Antwerp by books from 4 l68 J DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY the establishment ofthe great ChristopherPlantin. Venice, the Athens ofearly printing, contributes examples (to mention only a few) ofthe work ofWendelin da Spira, 1472; the brothers de Gregoriis, 1491 and 1497 (Flewelling’s beloved Consolation twice again), Octavius Scot, 1483; andJeromeScot,whoprinteda commentary onAristotle in 1542. And, finally, there is the magic appellative “Aldine”-and the anchor anddolphin.True, there isnoAldusManutiushere.But a rather crabbed little book in Greek by Gregorius blazianzenus (Theologi ovationes lee, tissimae), with preface set in Aldus’ famousitalic, was printed only two years after his death in 1515.The presswasthen in the hands ofthe three Asolani, fatherzinzlaw and brotherszinzlaw ofthe master; and it was a time ofsharp decline in both scholarship and typography. Later, under the regimes ofAldus’ sons, something like the old glory shone again; as witness OfRoman Antiquities, written and printed by Paulus Manuz tius in 1559. The creamy whiteness ofits paper could scarcely be more lustrous, after four hundred years-or the paper itselfmore crisp. Marz gins are ample andwellzproportioned; the text is evenly set in italic, the preface in a larger roman. And thework is crowned by that toozoftenz foundzwanting adjunct, a very full “index rerum memorabilium.” “Other Rarities” in the pamphlet might better have been “Other Interesting Books.” True, the nine Giordano Brunos listed are undez niably rare. In fact, the chance that so many exemplars oforiginal edz itions ofthe famous martyr, poseur, and “first ofthe moderns” (not necessarily in that order) would be found on one shelfmight strike the bookman as being somewhat remote. Here, also, is an unusual edition ofthe Essais ofMontaigne, edited by Mlle de Gournay (Paris, 1625). And The mostfamous history ofthe learned Fryer Bacon...with the many wonderful thingshedidin hislife-time, to the amazementofthe wholeworld... (Printed forB. Deacon at the Angel, in Giltzspurzstreet, withoutNewz gate [ca. 1700]) is doubtless rare as a chapbook-as chapbooks have a way ofbeing. But though the largely sixteenthzcentury editions ofEuz ripides, Aristotle, St. Augustine, Pierre de la Ramee, and Savonarola Uy “«M ^Mjl^ Octavius So, ^tottin^ ’ritlie^ ^tbercn^ ^’ofifei rintedonk indsoftheis ter; and ha by. Later,nut >ry shone ap y Paulushi carcelybemoc nore crisp! ysetinitaH ythattooA lorabilium.” ,vebeen“0k listed are uni rs oforiginali •modern^ 'might strlei 1 unusualeft ay (Parish ,„rfiki litMtv&> ^withoutNes lapbooksbavei yedition^ and Savo# MANUSCRIPTS. INCUNABULA, & A FEW OTHERS 4 169 > that are citedmay be scarce and important, and in some cases even “curious,” it remains to be shown that their scarcity, importance, or curiosity is sufficient to confer any great bibliophilic or bibliographical distinction on the gathering in which they are found. Of “Association Books,” only two can be noticed here. One, from the library ofArthur Schopenhauer, is not listed in the catalogue. The other, formerly belonging to John Locke, may be usefully examined in the light ofTheLibrary ofJohnLocke, byJohnHarrison and PeterLas' lett(The OxfordBibliographical Society, 1965).z7 It is made up offour tracts by Samuel Bold: A short discourse ofthe true knowledge ofChrist Jesus. To which are added, Some passages on the Reasonableness ofChristi' anity, &c. and its vindication (1697);Areply to Mr.Edwards9s briefreflection on A short discourse ofthe true knowledge ofChristJesus (1697); Observa' tions on the animadversions on... the Reasonableness ofChristianity (1698); and Some considerations on theprincipal objections and argumentswhich have been publish9d against Mr. Locke's Essay ofhumane understanding (1699); and the student will recognize it as a book likely to have held more than passing interest for its distinguished owner. For here S. Bold was at his very boldest as a supporter ofLocke in the religio-philosophical controversy then fulminating about the author ofThe Reasonableness of Christianity and the Essay (a copy ofthe true first edition18 ofwhich is ofcourse in the library). The present composite volume is bound in contemporary blindstamped calf(rebacked) and bears most ofthe marks ofownership prescribed byHarrison andLaslett. Here istheneatsignature * JohnLocke’ ’ inside the front cover; here are the autograph press-mark (8/205^, the underlining ofthe last two digits ofthe dates ofpublication, the over' lining ofthe page numbers at the ends ofthe several works, and (some' thing ofa rarity) the signature “J. Locke” on the title page ofthe first ^Second edition, 1971. 18 See Wallace Nethery, “John Locke’s Essay on ‘Humane Understanding,’ ” The American Book Collector, XII, No. 9 (May, 1962), 13-17. 4 17° } DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY tract. There are also numerous underlinings ofthe text in the Hoose copy, as well as several early manuscript corrections and one rather commonplace marginal comment. To Bold’s declaration that “Persons may have great Measure of Speculative Knowledge concerning ChristJesus, and what he hath taught, and not be True Christians,” someone (unfortunately not Locke) has appended: “a very common case.” The hardest-bitten no-nonsense user and even buyer butnot “collector” of books, who would ordinarily dismiss as mere sentimentality the practice of cherishing particular volumes for what evidence they provide ofpersonal relationship-friendship, love, hatred, agreement, orintellectualantipathy-mightnotsneer at avolumepublishedin 1505, containing the Latin text of St. Augustine’s City ofGod,1? bearing the characteristic signature ofArthur Schopenhauer on the title page, and carrying on some fifty other pages about a thousand words oflargely caustic comment by the celebrated nineteenth-centurypessimist. That book is in the library; though it was received too late (1945) to be included in the catalogue. As it was the subject ofan interesting article by Martin Woods in Coranto in 1967,20 extended comment here is unnecessary. It may be enough to remark that Schopenhauer was no Augustinian (“This, my good father, is a sophism, and a sophism is a lie”) and to quote ProfessorWoods’s conclusion after careful study of what amounts virtually to a sizable heretofore wholly unpublished treatise. Certainly three things stand out concerning the two men whose comments form the basis ofthis dialogue thatspansthe centuries: a consuming interest in the same philoT9 Libri de civitate Dei XXII. In eosdem commentaria Thomae Valois et Nicolai Triueth: cum additionibus Jacobi Passavantii. Et theologicae veritates Francisci Maronis. The volume as a whole comprises parts II and VII ofa collected edition ofAugustine in eleven parts printed byJohann Amerbach at Basle between 1504 (?) and 1506. A letter from Amerbach’s editor, Conradus Leontorius, printed with the City ofGod and datedJanuary 15,1505, apparently establishes 1505 as the date of printing of Part VIL (See Victor Scholderer, Fifty Essays in Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century Bibliography, Amsterdam, 1966.) ™ “The Folio Augustini ofSchopenhauer, ” IV, No. 1,17-23. MANUSCRIPTS, INCUNABULA, & A FEW OTHERS 4 I?I } sophical and humanistic problems; contrasting points ofview relative to those prob' lems; and a common background in Latin and Greek classics. Theirthought in outline was mutually intelligible, but at cross purposes. For St. Augustine all true philosophic starting points define the first principles of Christian revelation;for Schopenhauer the same starting points make the validity ofChristian revelation inconceivable. But, most important ofall, Schopenhauer in this volume has left us a record ofthe exhaus' tive scholarly reflection whichwentinto the formulation ofhis philosophy. The hun' dreds ofunderlined passages alone indicate an extremely careful reading ofthe text; the animadversions manifest critical insight and, in many cases, painstaking composi' tion in Latin, the classical language ofscholarship. However much one may disagree with his analyses and conclusions, thefolio Augustini remains one ofour most intimate witnesses to Schopenhauer’s philosophical contemplations. ON THE HOME FRONT N ot surprisingly, activities of 1941-42 were considerably influenced by events taking place in the larger world outside. Almost immediately after December 7,1941, thought was taken ofthe treasures shelved variously in the Seeley Wintersmith Mudd Special Library (second floor, Mudd Hall); in Dr. Flewelling’s office; on the first level ofthe tower (above the librarian’s office); and, where a few valuable oversized sets were concerned, in the Main and Collateral reading rooms. Itemsin the late Mrs. SeeleyWintersmith Mudd’s “extensive and valuable” collection of ceramic elephants, which had recently been bestowed on the library and which now occupied one end ofthe Special Library room, were presumably deemed to be relatively expendable and thusleft to take their chances.But the rare bibliographical artifacts were assembled; some were crated; and all were removed to the so-called Vault (less pretentiously, a room under the tower) in the basement, considered to be the location “most likely to withstand possible bombing.”1 1 IrmadeanBowen Haberly, AnnualReport, 1941-42. “The handling ofthe actual volumes,” continued the librarian, “was only one phase ofa complex pattern,” for each waslisted for more than one purpose, compared with the shelfcard (thus forming an inventory ofthis part ofthe collection), and its position marked on the card. The total amount of “paper work” and careful checking done for all the items removed to the vault, made the whole process a tedious and lengthy one. It also furnished material for several projects which may be undertaken, such as investigating the rarity ofsome doubtful items, and increasing by many, the entries in the Rare BookCatalog ofthe holdings ofthe University. Such fortuitously-occasioned reconsideration of specialized holdings came atjust the right moment to contribute to the University Li172 ON THE HOME FRONT 4 173 > brary’s replyto aqueryfromRobertB. Downs, Chairman oftheAmerican Library Association Board on Resources of American Libraries. OnJanuary 2 he had asked Miss Christian R. Dick, University Librarian, to answerthe following question about certain presumed “notable collections” (education and philosophy had been mentioned as two areas in which use was unusually competent): “Do you agree that your collections on these subjectsrank with the most important in the country?” Much earnest thought was devoted to that loaded question. Lists were drawn up under the headings “Bibliography,” “NotableWorks for Reasearch,” “Encyclopedias,” “Special Subjects,” “Periods Emphasized,” and “Philosophers Stressed;” and thesewere analyzed more or less thoroughly for Miss Dick’s guidance. As one standard ofmeasurement, MissBowen (nowMrs. Haberly) checked the card catalogue against Rand’s Bibliography ofPhilosophy in metaphysics and aesthetics. The rather disappointing conclusion: “Itseems that the collection is of minor importance (numerically at least) in these two fields sampled. They were suggested as being two in which the collection was considered strong, by one professor in the department.” Less worrisomemusthave been the mere listing, without comment, ofsome titlesthat, to be sure, might be notable in the absolute sense but wereprobablycommon enoughasfar as distribution among American libraries was concerned. In “Bibliography,” possession ofthe Gesamt' katalog der Wiegendrucke, theBritishMuseum Catalogue ofBooksPrinted in the XVth Century, as well as such standard works as those of Hain, Lowndes, Brunet, and Graesse, would hardly be cause for self-congratulation; while the eighteenth-century Fabricius, Bibliotheca Graeca (12 vols.) and.BibliothecaLatina (6 vols.), and Clement, Bibliotheque curl' euse, historique et critique, might justify only slightly more ambitious claim to originality. The collection of encyclopedias, from Moreri throughBayle and Chauffepie to Diderot and his Encyclopedic (3 5 vols., 1751-80), was doubtless very good; and the runs ofphilosophicaljour- 4 174 > DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY nals, especially if one considered the rarities included in “Gomperz Major I,” would probably have beenjudged to be more than respecta' ble, at leastfor a library the size ofHoose. But in the end, apparently, Miss Dick’s response to the Chairman of the Board was properly cautious in assessing the cumulative worth of Hoose’s 17,000 volumes (“We do not wish to either over estimate or under estimate our collections”) and limited itself entirely to the one thoroughly homogeneous and undeniably distinguished group of booksin the library. The field ofphilosophy is maintained as a separate library and housed in the build/ ing serving the School ofPhilosophy. The strongest period division is that of 1700/1850. It is very complete in the works published in English, French, German and Italian, during these 150 years. Works of the philosophers, most of[them] in first editions, the great body ofliterature written about them and periodicals edited by themincludessuch names as Kant, Fichte,James Mill,John Stuart Mill, Schelling, Hegel, Schopenhauer, La Mettrie,Edelmann, Salo/ mon Maimon, and many others.2 2 Draft ofMiss Dick’s proposed reply,January 23,1942, in the HooseLibrary. Mrs. Haberly left in February, 1943; and in April Evelyn H. Heras, the wife of a use professor of Spanish, became Librarian. During the Spring Hoose went temporarily on a half'time schedule, opening only in the mornings Monday through Friday. Two incunabula were added during 1942/43 (St. Isidorus, Etymolo' giarum [1483] and Martianus Capella, De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii [1500]); Dr. Flewelling presented the typescript ofhis Creative Person^ ality; the librarian turned over to Allan Shields a typed list ofperiodical appearances for a bibliography of F. C. S. Schiller on which he was working; and at the request ofDr. Fuller a list ofEnglish translations of the works ofselected outstanding philosophers was compiled. Among the exhibits ofthe year was one made up ofbooks on China lent by Dr. Flewelling (includingafifteenth'centurybookofpoetry, block'printed in red and black during the Ming dynasty); later, “three curious wood ON THE HOME FRONT 4 175 > blocks, used for printing prayersinTibetan, Mongol and Manchu, and a group ofbamboo splints, fashioned as ancient Chinese books, were added.”3 In May, 1943, special events, including a dinnerin Town and Gown, celebrated thetwenty-fifthanniversaryofDr. Flewelling’s coming to use. 1943 also saw the publication ofhis timely The Survival of Western Culture. In the Spring of1944, a startwas made toward returning the volumes in the Vault to their proper places, though it was deemed advisable for “GomperzMajor I” (otherwise the “Gomperz Collection,” or“Seeley Wintersmith Mudd Special Library”) to retain itsrefugee status a little while longer-Notable accessions ofthe year included eighteen works ofJoseph Priestley, mostly first editions, and Ten Letters to Dr. Joseph Priestley from Noah Webster, “in answer to his Letters to the inhabitants ofNorthumberland,” published at New Haven in 1800. Among the lengthier and more interesting ofthe annual reports of the forties were those written by Mrs. Heras for 1944-45 through 1946- 47. They tell a story ofcontinuing thoughtful book selection,with, it is true, some decrease in emphasis on the unusual-asthe level ofdemand for “ordinary” scholarly books began to rise, without a corresponding increase in the book budget and without the old availability ofspecial funds for special “opportunities.” Two incunabula were added in 1944-45, along with twelve sixteenth-century and nine seventeenthcentury books, including a fine copy (except for a slightly shaken early binding) ofthatkeystone ofBritishempiricism, Locke’sEssay Concern' ing Humane Understanding (1690). In 1945-46 only thirteen rare books were acquired (one from the fifteenth century); over a third ofthe year’s total acquisition represented books published within “the present decade.” Butseveral additional items brought to seventy the number ofJoseph Priestley volumesin the library. Ofthe twenty-fourrare books received in 1946-47, five were from the sixteenth century and two from the seventeenth. An important set ofthe works ofPhilipp 3 AnnualReport, 1942-43. 4 176 J OR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY Melanchthon (1834'60) was acquired, as “emphasis... on [in this case comparatively] recently published works” continued. Fifty books on the philosophy, religion, art, and literature of the East added to the growing collection of Orientalia. The Jane Carlin Flewelling collec' tion was increased by 234 volumes; Dr. Fuller gave thirteen books on Mexican philosophy. Moreover, interesting exhibits continued to exploit the riches gath' ered in earlier and in some respects better times. In May, 1945, “Marks ofFamousPrinters oftheFifteenthand SixteenthCenturies’ ’displayed, among others, the work ofBonetus Locatellus, Badius, Arrivabenus, Plato de Benedictus, the Manuzii, Froben, and Plantin. A year later a showing of “Utopias” included the volume of the great three'part Estienne edition ofPlato (1578) containing the Republic. Again, current events determined much current activity. With the war over (1945) and the hazard ofbombardment definitely a thing of the past-ofcourse there never had been much danger in the first place, but libraries are conservative institutions-the 1700'1850 books in the Vault could now be returned to their permanent home in the Seeley Wintersmith Mudd Special Library. Here Mrs. Heras’ account seems so ‘ ‘right’’ in its homely detail thatitwarrants quotation atsome length. The special aspect ofreconversion to pre-war conditions as it pertained to Hoose Library took a great deal ofthe time and energy ofthe librarian. An average ofone day a week, from December toJune, was spent on rare books which were housed in the vault and in Dr. Flewelling’s office. Mr. [Hsi-Tseng] Wen was in charge ofthe library on those mornings and the librarian worked four hours in the afternoon. The removal ofthe Seeley Wintersmith Mudd Special Collection, often designated the Gomperz Collection, ofabout three thousand volumes, from the vault to the room for this collection, was done by thejanitor and two other men. The volumes which had been in the vault since early in 1942, with the exception ofthose individually wrapped in newspapers and packed in crates,were overlaidwith black,slightlygreasy dust. The librarian considered that they could not be shelved in that condition, and the men had little time to work and less appreciation ofthe fine books, so she dusted every volume before shelving it in library order. The book-cases were cleaned by the ON THE HOME FRONT 4 177 > janitor. The rarities which had been boxed were taken first to the librarian’s office where they were checked with typed lists. These books were found to be in perfect condition and were soon removed to Dr. Flewelling’s office, and later arranged in order on open shelves....In April Miss Dick, Dr. Flewelling and the librarian had a talk concerning the care and housing ofrare books. It was decided to keep nearly all the rare booksin the vault, with the exception ofthe SeeleyWintersmithMudd Spez cial Collection. Treatment ofleather bound books with a specialformula, and the enz closing ofthe shelves in the vault, were recommended by Miss Dick, to be done as soon as workers, materials and funds could be made available. Before the end ofJune two more bookzcases were cleaned and taken to the vault and all books in the cases were cleaned and rearranged with single shelving as far as possible; all rare books were moved from Dr. Flewelling’s office to the vault; rare bookstoo large to go into the sectional cases were shelved on the top or bottom shelves... .The librarian feels that the rare books ofthe library are in as good order as is possible at present and the greatly increased ease oflocating books in the special collections-there were many requestsforthis material-hasrepaid the effortmade during the year.4 With that, the arrangement of Hoose Library became essentially what it is today: not perfect, by any means; perhaps not even quite re' spectable by modern standards ofspeciaLcollection custodianship; but nevertheless leaving the rare books in as good order as was possible then-andindeed asis possible “atpresent.” Itis notmypurpose to criti' cize. How many departmental philosophy collections can vie with Hoose in the number and quality ofrarities to be worried about in the first place? In September, 1950, Mrs. Evelyn Heras resigned to accompany her husband to a new teaching post in Toronto. For some months thereafter the Hoose books, now approaching 25,000, were without a perma' nent keeper; RiceEstes, Assistant Librarian for Public Services, was in charge during a period ofseveral weeks. Hisreportfor 1950'51 studied the situation from the point ofview ofan experienced “outside” ad' ministrator, and his concluding paragraph would have been relished by Miss Fitch and by all ofthose who had succeeded her. 4 AnnualReport, 1944-45. 4 I?8 J DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY The work ofthe library is particularly interesting due to the intimate nature ofthe school and the friendliness ofthe borrowers. One grows to know the entire student body and the faculty in a short time and it is gratifying to help such sincere and studi" ous people. Much in the way ofbibliographicalstudy could be done here but not un" less more student help isfurnished. Atpresent there is enough clerical and leg work to occupy one’s complete time. Serious study cannot be done when the librarian is in" terrupted constantly. It is recommended that we search for a librarian who has a knowledge ofphilosophy and a genuine interest in handling rare and old materials. Then give her enough help so that a redjob can be done with the finest research col" lection in the Public Services. To return for one finalsentence from the librarian’s report, 1945-46: “OnJuly first [1945] Dr. Flewelling moved from his office on the first floor to the SeeleyW. MuddRoomwhere he wasto continue his work as Editor ofthe Personalist.” And that indeed brings us back to the Founder. What had he been doing and thinking these last few years ? What was still to come by way ofcontribution? What about Dr. Flewelling and the Hoose Library, as we near the end ofourstory? THE LENGTHENING SHADOW OF A LIFE I nstructive as it is to consider the people, events, and books of a small but distinctive institution from, in a sense, the “inside,” it is nevertheless pleasant to return for a final view almost entirely from the standpoint ofthe man who was theEfficient Cause ofit all. As the decade progressed, Flewelling knew he would soon be step' ping down from his post as Director ofthe School ofPhilosophy. Of course that is far fromsaying thatforfifteen years aftersuch an eventu' ality, and though he would be seventy'four in 1945, he wouldn’t be a vital if diminishing force. He would continue to edit the Personalist; continue to publish (The Things That Matter Most [1946], Conflict and Conciliation ofCultures [1951], The Person [1952], Winds ofHiroshima [1956]); continue to dream ofnewdevelopments andvaster “opportm nities.” And he would still be around to advise (and consent) even as he suffered the pangs of ever'increasing withdrawal from effective in' volvementin theworkhe loved so well. He had been aman thoroughly addicted; only death could put an end to all ofthat. True, we mustshortly bring this essay to a close. Butfirst we should glance at several ofProfessor Flewelling’s letters, largely to (and de' lightfully from) that “dear enemy” B. A. G. Fuller, plus one or two reports to Seeley Greenleaf Mudd, for some idea of his interests and activities during the forties; with emphasis, ofcourse, onhis continuing -indeed his never'ending-concern for the library. On February 25,1942, Flewelling wrote to Mrs. Clarence Hield, of Pomona, replying to her proposal concerning the disposition ofthe 5,ooo'volume collection ofthe late Dean and head ofthe departments ofphilosophy and sociology ofthe Santa Ana Junior College. Typi' cally, he suggested a slight shift in thinking: from considering a pur' chase to contemplation ofa gift. 4 l80 J DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY I am much shocked and grieved to learn ofthe decease ofyour uncle, the lateE.M. Nealley, for whom I had a very high friendship and regard. I know the library you mention a little bitfromhaving seen it in Professor Nealley’s home. We have already a very extensive library in the School ofPhilosophy on whichwe have spent aproximately one hundred thousand dollars and toward the selection ofwhich I spent one whole year in Europe and other additional times and I do not know that we could offer you, in view ofthe completeness ofour own collection, very much for the library. Nor do I think that a second-hand dealerwould feeljustified in a very large offer. I amwondering, in view ofProfessor Nealley’s interest in us andhis desire to have the library here, ifthe familywould not be interested inmaking it amemorial to Professor Nealley to be known as “The Special Nealley Gift.” The building in which it would be housed has often been called the most beautiful college building in America, and there is little doubt but that the Philosophy Library is already the outstanding library ofphilosophy on the Pacific Coast. I should like to talkwith you furtherifwe can arrange some mutually agreeable time. Nothing came ofthis, ofcourse, any more than ofmany another en bloc opportunity. But the letter is interesting enough to the student oftaste and technique in entrepreneurship.1 1 For the story ofanother opportunity which Flewelling really regretted missing, we cannot do better than to quote the three opening paragraphs of Mary Graham Lund’s article “Where Atheism and Orthodoxy Met” in Coranto, III, No. i (1965), 3-11. The Hoose Library ofPhilosophy has in its archives a number ofletters written to Ralph Tyler Flewelling (1871—1960') by Mary Lecomte du Noiiy after the death ofher husband Pierre Lecomte du Noiiy [the distinguished bio-physicist] (1883—1947). In one ofthe most interesting, dated February 26,1954, Mme du Noiiy tellsthe [by then] DirectorEmeritus ofthe School ofPhilosophy ofher hopesfor a itroom forPierre’s collection ofbooks and manuscripts” at use. She confesses that the collection is “not big,” but suggests that the 113 volumes of ‘oldphilosophic and scientific books” may be valuable—first editions of Ampere, Audubon, Bernard, Buffon, Cuvier, Faraday, Lamarck, ttan Archimedes of1334, an original edition of&eNovum OrganumofBacon, Descartes, an Hippocrates ofi333, Malebranche, Pascal, etc” She wishes to include a complete series ofPierre’s scientific reprints,” which she promises to have suitably bound, copies ofhis books in both French and English editions, “the different translations of Human Destiny as it appeared infourteen languages,” and “all original manuscripts ofarticles and books, letters by Sully-Prudhomme having to do with Pierre’s education, and the whole series ofhis writings, including the plays ofhis youth.” The last phrase is a little startling but the nextparagraph holds a still greater surprise: “I would like this room-containing my husband’s bust, death mask, and Western Outfits-furnished to make apleasantplaceforstudents to sit in comfortfor meditation or conversation. ...I expect topayforthefurnishings.” The room ofMme du Noiiy s dream did not materialize, nor were any ofthe materials which she mentionsreceived by the Hoose Library, but in her biography ofher husband, TheRoad to “Human Des- .Z* sb? explains the Western Outfits.” Some ofthem had been purchasedfrom members ofBuffalo Bill s Wild West Show before they leftParisin 1906. Pierre wasthen twenty-three years old and work- LENGTHENING SHADOW OF A LIFE 4 181 I» In 1942, also, Flewelling rejected the idea oftrying for the 8oo-vol' ume “Oriental Library” ofWilberforceEames, offered by H. P. Kraus for $3,250, deeming it more suitable for the Oriental Department than for the Special Library in Philosophy? Fuller wrote on November 30 ofthe same year, from Taxeo, Mex' ico,where he had gone towork on a revision ofhisHistoryofPhilosophy. He characterized histask as one of“removing all thenaughtiness” from the first edition. Here Fuller was responding to criticisms dealing with the amount ofspace, too much or too little, devoted to particular sys' tems and personalities; as well as to suggestions that he try to keep his opinions and his wit somewhat more strictly to himself. Flewelling, however, in reply, December 14, wasinterested chiefly in one naughtiness: Fuller’s earlier rather cavalier treatment of personalism. (Fuller had written, pp. 595'96: “Appropriately enough, this movement has arisen under the aegis ofthe MethodistEpiscopal Church,since itseeks to imbue the Berkeleian philosophy with the moral fervor, the lack of which Wesley so deplored in the Anglican Church of his time. The movement was launched in America by B. P. Bowne... long professor at Boston University.”) It was most agreeable to receive and read your nice long letter which I have proceeded to share with the other members ofthe department. We are glad that life amongst the lotus-eaters lends itselfso admirably to a revision ofyour book and in particular with the removal ofthe various “naughtinesses” ofthe first edition. This will prove a credit both to your cleverness and to yourscholarship forit certainlywas treating with lightness a philosophy oflong existence. Atleast, from Boethius down, which enrolled such men as Biran, Ravaisson, Lequier and the contemporaries Boutroux, Le Roy, Chevalier, Maritain and Bergson to say nothing ofCarr and Schiller your colleagues who adopted that title in their last papers. There is a chance ifyou have the “guts” for you to steal a scoop over other histories ofPhilosophy by giving ingfor the law degree which he received in the spring of1907. He had organized the Blue Star Cowboys Club, which consisted offive members. Their clubhouse was a log cabin and stables on the outskirts of Paris,from which “they rodeforth, dressed in chaps, rough shirts, colored scarves, and sombreros, twirling theirropes and emitting blood-curdling yells." 2 Letters to Kraus, May 4 and 18,1942. 4 i82 J dr. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY attention to this movementwhich becomes more andmore formidable and concern/ ing whichWilliamJames once said that he found himselfin strictest accord. Even for America your point is poorly taken for Walt Whitman initiated the term “personal/ ism” in American literature and Bronson Alcott, William Howison, W.T. Harris were none ofthem so far as I know Methodists or from Boston University. In view ofall thisI amsure youwill be glad to have treated us with greatertolerance.... I am very sorry to report that Professor Gomperz is very feeble. He has looked like a ghost for some time but has insisted on keeping at his work until the end. Word comes in today that he is unable to meet his classes and as soon as I finish this letterI shall be going out to see them. Isuppose the end must be verynear. Fuller would continue on protracted leave and never again return to active duty at us c.When the new edition appeared in 1945, it indeed treated personalism at greater length and with somewhat greater seri/ ousness. Flewelling’s feeling ofneglect, however, was not at first as/ suaged. It apparently all came down to the fact that he, or at the very least use, was not mentioned by name in the revised history. In any event, that is the impression that Fuller received, and he was careful to explain that such overt recognition would have been contrary to the principles ofexclusion he had set forth in his Preface. There were sev/ eral more letters concerning this troublesome affair, but only a para/ graph from Flewelling’s ofAugust 10,1946, can be given here. Itseeks to put an end to what he must have come to regard as an episode un/ worthy ofhis amply generous nature. First ofall, to bring to a close our long “brawl”: please do not think so meanly of me as to imagine that I am piqued over not being mentioned in your history. It would have been unfortunate, for my reputation is not sufficiently established but that such mention would have been immediately interpreted as due to our friendly and administrational relationship. My thought was for Personalism espoused by Re/ nouvier, Bergson, Carr, Schiller, Berdyaev, and Maritain, to mention only a few. Therewas also Unamuno,who withBergsonhad a greatfollowing inLatin/America. I possess proofs on Carr and Schiller.... The remaining Gomperz collection is so far safe in Vienna and ear/marked for the University. So they will come in time. My anxiety now is to get the money to buy them so Mrs. Gomperz may notsuffer. Jutthisis’ III, 19«»1 Jtocomeill, as web at was mo #aeW aaclose. Youwill hep iinsailor.i itlibraryCoi allinet A?months oqdopedmd :uCaptio, J "GompenMaj itin the aft inthemiltai Ayah mon thei rftheSd importunity hade $od jiljofthenc ri the latte rids ofDe; Uewpei aseofliQrt filing snu hvcryrsj ^nutttn Ina LENGTHENING SHADOW OF A LIFE 4 183 > But this is to anticipate momentarily. A Flewelling letter ofDecember 1, 1943, had given news ofthe library reminiscent of earlier and more affluent times. Ofcourse the greatfinal Gomperz acquisition was still to come-in 1948, as we have seen; but, that important coup aside (and, as we have also seen, in all financial and administrative respects that was more a University than a Hoose affair), the days of genera ous rare-book and monumental-set buying were gradually coming to a close. You will be pleased to knowthatI have been spending money forthe library like a drunken sailor, ifbooks are what drunken sailors buy, andwithout intervention from the Library Committee. They seem to be honoring my requisitions world without end, and I have taken veryliberal advantageofit. One bill ofladingcame inwithinthe last few months that contained 15th and 16th century editions ofthe three great early encyclopedias that I have tried to get for twenty'five years, Cassiodorus Senator, Mar' tianus Capella, and Isidorus of Seville’s Encyclopedia. The Gomperz collection [i.e., “Gomperz Major I”] is practically all ofit catalogued and while our rare books com tinue in the safe vault under the tower, we are considering bringing them up again since the military seem to feel that there is no longer danger ofaeroplane raids. A year later, December n, 1944, Flewelling tells Fuller that “It appears on the surface that your humble servant will be no longer direct tor ofthe School ofPhilosophy after September 1, but I have not had opportunity to talk with the president. I hope some arrangement may be made so that my work will not be cut offall together.” At least by July ofthe next year, he had had opportunity to talkwith the president; and the latter’s intention to put the directorship ofthe School in the hands ofDean Raubenheimer3 and to proceed without delay to look for a newpermanentDirectorwasreceivedwitha certainhigh-minded sense ofhurt. High-minded, because there can be little doubt that Flewelling’s main concern was for the “work.” Though, ofcourse, itwas in a very realsense hiswork; and any assessment ofmotives can scarcely be a matter ofsimplistically sorting out vested, selfish, or unselfish interests. 3 Albert S. Raubenheimer, ofLetters, Arts, and Sciences. 4 184 ^ DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY Flewelling wrote at length to Dr. Mudd on September 3,1945, out/ lining his hopes (not entirely new, as we have seen) for an ambitious program ofbringing together at use graduate students from around the world, along with outstanding sympathetic philosophers, in a kind ofgrand Institute, or permanent teaching Conference, with some em/ phasis on the Orient and tilting sharply toward the theistic/humanistic system ofvalues he liked to call personalism. Overseeing such an en/ terprise would go a long way toward compensating for loss of the directorship ofthe School. Fortwenty/eightyearsI have striven tobuild up a center ofPersonalismthatshould receive world recognition, toward which you and your family have already com tributed a fortune, to say nothing ofthe sacrificial gifts ofotherfriends. Ofthis effort, the Personalist has provided a most important part, as your beloved father foresaw. It is true that the School has become the recognized center ofPersonalistic philosophy, known as such wherever philosophy is taught. We have succeeded in putting the terminto the encyclopedias and philosophical dictionaries.... Your generosity made possible the building up ofthis interest in the Orient,where much spade work has been done. Not only is Personalism becoming the most sig/ nificant philosophical movement ofthe times, but it is the only one, under one name or another, that shows evidence oflife, for philosophy in most institutions is fading out ofthe picture. For these reasons I think we should exercise extreme care to con/ serve the work ofthe past twenty/eight years, and bring to completion that into which has already gone so much money and effort and in which you have so large an investment. The details of Flewelling’s final great project cannot be gone into here; though its complete realization would assuredly have had enor/ mous implications for the library, it never did substantially come into being. True, the Olive Hill Foundation, to which he had looked for major support, established a number offellowships and also played a role in bringing distinguished speakers to the campus. But essentially this last and in some respects greatest dream ofa man who was never short on vision was doomed to be interrupted and never resumed. Awakening to reality can be disheartening in the extreme. Flewelling, however, seems not to have become bitter; he was much too inclined kwu p^ p# FWt WllDiij k«4u® for loss oft mttati have already® nds.0fiis4( ifatherfoml lalisticpHosofl; Jed in putting ithe Orient,wk aiing the most® it, underonem istiturionsistt; rtreme care ton ©pletionto tonhave sola^i not be gone® f have Mei (ally coined jhadlookii nd also pM (.Butessentf i who was mw never resJ enie.Frt [UchtooincM LENGTHENING SHADOW OF A LIFE ^ 185 ^ toward savoring successes (even past ones) to dwell overmuch on an occasional failure. In The Forest ofYggdrasill he doesn’t allude to this disappointment. Rather, a more favorable event furnishes a topic for his penultimate paragraph.4 From the... end ofthe long trail came [a] stranger, who sought to purchase wheat for his flour mill in Central America in wartime. Suspected because ofhis German name, he was detained and in his idleness read my Survival of Western Culture. Convinced by its criticism ofSpengler, he began a correspondence with me. Later, at the moment that rejection oftwo manuscripts seemed final and I returned to my office with them under my arm, this stranger was at my desk and announced that he had flown from Central America to inquire why I was not writing any more. Out ofthat interview came the sustenance ofmy efforts for the last decade, and the person was Walter T. Deininger. Dr. Flewelling would have been gratified but not surprised to know that Walter T. Deininger contributed handsomely in 1964 to the installation ofsome much-needed (and handsomely custom-made) additional shelving in the Collateral Room. Fuller’s letter ofMay 19,1946,written afterhe had suffered amishap, has bibliographical as well as medical interest. And how goes the Hoose Library? Keep some shelves vacant for the thousand or so volumes that will be yours when I finally fall & break my neck, instead ofmerely disturbing the usual relations between my femur & my pelvis.... I have an idea in the back ofmy head I would like to carry out, ifit meets with your approval. I would like to present the Hoose Library, as a sort ofretirement present on my part, with all the books on philosophy that have been written in Mexico. I have no idea how to set about it, but I suppose it could be done through some bookshop here in town. However, I can’t do anything about it [at] this time, & I can talk it over with youwhen I get back. Little by little it might be extended to all Latin America. Is there I wonder any bibliography on the subject ? The idea met with Flewelling’s approval; and for the next several months the library was much occupied with bibliographical searching and transmittal oflists to Mexico, then in receiving in various instal4R 179. 4 186 > DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY ments the books that began to bridge what had so far been an embarrassing gap. After one such shipment, Flewelling wrote a note ofthanks (onJune 3,1947): “Since we are attempting to take on a more international character, I am anxious to have all languages, races and philosophies that break into print in our collection.” Fuller also established a small fund for the direct purchase ofLatin American materials. Ten years later, after his death from a heart ailment in 1956, the thousand orso volumes” ofFuller’s personal library would come too, by way of his niece Anne Hutchinson Fuller. A note fromFlewelling, March 2,1947, regarding Max Otto’s coming to ucla and a newspaper’s characterization ofhim as an atheistwas the occasion for a long statement by Fuller thatseems too interesting to pass over completely, knowing what we do of his and Flewelling’s “long brawl” over matters that were presumably of more moment than mere creditsin a school book. How silly ofthe papers to call Otto an “atheist.” The term means nothing except that one does not happen to “feel” God as some one else does. The more I reflect upon it, the less religion seems to me to necessitate any one particular view regarding the nature ofthe Real. It is rather afeeling ofbeing at home in and one with the Real, however one conceivesits constitution. Spinozadefined thehighestgoodas a “knowk edge ofthe union existing betweenthe mind& the whole ofnature.” Substitute “feeling” for knowledge & the total man for mind, & you have the essence ofreligion, & ofthe religious value that, among other values, the Real has for human beings. I think that Lucretius, Spinoza, and Nietzsche, and Santayana commonly accounted “atheists” are allprofoundlyreligiousthinkers, in that theyfeelprofoundlythis union. Ofcourse, some people are insensible to the religious value, just as some are color/ blind, tone/deaf, or insensitive to beauty. They, whatever creed they may conven/ tionally hold, are the real atheists. For them the universe is not a home-but just a boarding/house. A religious “belief” is insipid & one might say worthless unless it at the same time conveysthe feeling ofbeing “at one” with theNatura Rerum. Well-that is that. I suppose you think that at last I am a brand plucked from the burning-but I have always felt very much that way, & account myself quite reli/ giousin thatIfeel at home in, & one with, so much as I can make out about the nature ofthe Real. LENGTHENING SHADOW OF A LIFE 4 *8? J Flewelling’s answer, June 3, gave thanks for a recent gift ofbooks to the library and, more especially, for this latter-day confession. You will, I am sure, forgive my rejoicing over your being “a brand plucked from the burning.” I have alwaysfelt that you had this streak ofreligion in you though you tried to make me think that you had none butI believe you know me well enough to knowthat I have not for many years taken religion to be such an exclusive thing tied up with theological beliefs. What you call being at home with the nature ofthe Real is exactly what I endeavor to experience from day to day. My Real is that Supreme Power and Goodness which is in all and over all and which, forwant ofa better term, Ilove to call God. To me itis a very living experience uponwhich I depend. Fuller was always the true philosopher in his inability to think without thinking critically. So it was when he came to set down some thoughts on the library, April 12,1948. This was halfa dozen years after he had ceased being actively engaged in selecting books for Hoose; and it is touching to have evidence ofsuch long-range sustained interest. Flewelling had sent a copy ofthe latest Personalist and Fuller noted in reply that one article in the issue “had some bearing on a little screed I have been composing-as an exercise in Spanish, later to be redone in English-on ‘The Messes Animals Make in Metaphysics.’” Then he continued: One otherthing I noted, apropos ofour conversation last Spring about the capacity of the Hoose Library to absorb more books indefinitely. In looking through the list of books received, itseemed to me that a large number ofthem had little bearing, direct or indirect, on philosophy, even taken very broadly And I was wondering whether such ofthese as the reviewers did not want for themselves should not be sent to the DohenyLibrary,ratherthanbekeptintheHoose,whichis distinctivelyaphilosophical library. Also would it not be a good idea to transfer from the Hoose to the Doheny such non-philosophical books as we have already on the shelves. The more technical & non-philosophical works on art-ofinterest only to students ofpainting, sculpture, architecture etc. might be transferred to Fine Arts Dept, next door, and such books could be handed over to them hereafter. In this way the capacity ofthe Hoose for works in philosophy, to which it is dedicated, would be greatly increased and prolonged. As it is, isn’t there some danger ofits becoming a general library, predominantly ofphilosophy to be sure, but vitiated to some extent by irrelevant material. I 4 i88 > DR. FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY know you are a glutton for books ofall sorts, & will probably frown upon these suggestions-but don’tmake up a face at once. Relax & reflect upon them. Flewelling reflected and replied^ without making up a face, but also withoutsurrendering much ofhisbasic philosophyoflibrary-building. Thanks for your recent letter with its suggestion indicating your interest in the library. I think your fears are needless since the roster ofBooks Received in The Pet' sonalist gives no indication that these books will all or many ofthem pop up in the philosophy library. The reviewers do for the most part keep their books. You and I, next to the Mudd family, are the principal donorsto the library and I turn over books ofphilosophic interest.6 5 April 21,1948. 6 One book ofphilosophic as well as scientific interest which he was yet to turn over (he did so in 1953) was the great third edition ofNewton’s Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1726). It was one ofthe very few copies on extra large thick paper in its original “presentation” binding and lately “Given to our dear friend Dr. Ralph Tyler Flewelling by Geraldine Carrin Memory ofher husband Herbert Wildon Carr.” We are already exercising somejudgment in what we admit to those shelves and have from time to time sent or traded material ofgeneral value to philosophy since such material has never come within the purvue apparently ofthe people who buy books for Doheny. I suppose there is a sense in which the Patrologia, Germaniae, and the Acta Sanctorum are notstrictly philosophical, but theywould not be here ifHoose hadnever been started and I think it is important ifwe can do itwithout going too far away from ourfield, to get those items which researchersforthe doctorate will need. A good illustration is in the field ofaesthetics. Aesthetics as taught in the School of Fine Arts is strictly elementary and technical. They do not know over there, even the Dean, that there is such a thing as aPhilosophy ofArt. Hence I feel that we are doing a service to the university and to philosophy by putting in such books. I may be quite wrong in this but, at any rate, this whole matter ofthe choice ofbooksis now largely out ofmyhands and in the hands ofotherswho will do as they please. We could treble the number of books we now have in the philosophy library merely by the addition ofmore cases. So that is not likely to be a problem for some time to come. It would likely be a problem before long, though ofcourse that and other far more important matters would now be largely “out of[his] hands and in the hands ofothers.” But it was only fair (and wise) for LENGTHENING SHADOW OF A LIFE 4 189 ^ him to play a prominent role in choosing the next leader. Writing to Fuller, May n, 1946, he had reported: Since my last letter many things have happened at the University. First ofall, itwas voted yesterday to accept my recommendation, and call D. S. Robinson, formerly of Indiana University, and later President ofButler, Commander forthe last three years in the Navy, to the Directorship. The appointment is very pleasing to me since it promisesto carry outthe plans already laid down forfuture development. He has had administrative experience, has written important books, and is a favorite with all my faculty. He will beginJuly 1st. This constituted an accurate forecast ofthe fate ofProfessor Flewelling’s principlesifnot his detailed plans for the nextseveral years. Then, on September 14,1949, writing to Dr. Mudd about the Personalist and other matters, there was an intimation of the slightly more distant future that must also have been for him, as it is for us, cause for satisfaction. Professor W. H. Werkmeister ofthe University of Nebraska, has just published a large and important history ofphilosophy entitled “A History ofPhilosophical Ideas in America” (a copy ofwhich I have ordered mailed to you from the Ronald Press Company) in which he gives Personalism and myself a leading chapter. This does more to put Personalism on the map perhaps than anything else that has happened recently, Flewelling’s successor, Dr. Robinson (1946-1954); his successor, Dr. Werkmeister (1954-1966); the librarians, Mrs. Heras (1943-1950), Ann Heiney (1951-1953), and FayTunison (i953-i957)~these others would carry on the work ofthe School and the library while he continued until shortly before his death in i960 to care exclusively for that other much-loved child ofresourcefulness and opportunity: the Personalist. Perhaps they would “do as they please[d].” But there was little reason to doubt, granted the limits imposed by their own personalities and visions, and the exigentrealities oftime, space, and finance, that by and large they would do as he pleased as well. BIBLIOGRAPHY Limitedto books and articles (largely exclusive ofnotes in Coranto) dealing wholly or in substantialpart with the HooseLibrary or with materials in its collections. Lloyd Arvidson, “Heinrich Gomperz,” The HooseLibrary ofPhilosophy Gomperz CoL lection, jrd-sth un-numbered pages. See The Hoose Library ofPhilosophy Gomperz Collection, below. “At the University ofSouthern California, Frieze ofPhilosophers Decorates Library in Seeley Wintersmith Mudd Memorial Hall of Philosophy,” California Life, xxvni, No. 6 (1930), 10^11; 18. Philotheus Boehner, O.F.M., ed., Walter Burley, De puritate artis logicae. St. Bonaventure, N.Y., and E. Nauwelaerts, Louvain, Belgium, The Franciscan Institute, 1951- “Book Collection Hunted by Gestapo Reaches SC,” Los Angeles Times, December 12,1948. Donald Burrill, “Santayana’s Notes on America,” Coranto, v, No. 2 (1968), 12^19. Catalog of the Hoose Library ofPhilosophy, with an Introduction by Lewis F. Stieg. 6 vols. Boston, G.K. Hall, 1968. Richard C. Dales, “Grosseteste, Aristotle, and Astronomy,” Coranto, n, No. 2 (1965), 7x11. Ralph Tyler Flewelling, The Forest of Yggdrasill: The Autobiography ofRalph Tyler Flewelling, edited by W. H. Werkmeister, with an Introduction by Wilbur Long. University ofSouthern California Press, 1962. ------“HerbertWildonCarr, Christian Stoic,” The Personalist, xxxva (1956), 117-27. ------“James, Schiller and Personalism,” The Personalist, xxm (1942), 172^81. ------“Rare Books in Hoose Library,” Southern California Illustrated News, vi, No. 7 (1925), 4-5; 17. ------“Some Treasures ofthe Hoose Library ofPhilosophy,” Library Bulletin No. 2 (University ofSouthern California, 1945), 3 rd^4th un-numbered pages. ------“Wildon Carr: Philosopher and Friend,” The Personalist, xm (1932), 5^11. Heinrich Gomperz, “The Gomperz Collection,” ed.Wallace Nethery, The American Book Collector, xn, No. 2 (1961), 7^12. Reprinted in Theodor Gomperz: Ein Gelehrt' enleben imBurgertum derFranzfosefs^Zeit, edited by Robert A. Kann,Wien, Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie derWissenschaften, 1974, pp. 509^19. L. M. Grow, “Additional Heinrich Gomperz Manuscripts in the Hoose Library,” Coranto, vn, No. 2 (1971), 18-24. 190 BIBLIOGRAPHY 4 191 ^ Evelyn H. Heras, “The Gomperz Collection: University of Southern California,” CaliforniaLibrarian, xn, No. 2 (1950), 97^98. The Hoose Library ofPhilosophy Gomperz Collection, Library Bulletin No. 7. Univer" sity ofSouthern California, 1950. Contents: “Introduction,” by Lewis F. Stieg and Daniel S. Robinson; “Heinrich Gomperz,” by Lloyd Arvidson; “An Analysis of the Gomperz Library,” byWilbur Long. Rockwell Dennis Hunt, The First Half''Century. University ofSouthern California, 1930- Wilbur Long, “An Analysis ofthe Gomperz Library,” The Hoose Library ofPhiloso' phy Gomperz Collection, 6th"26th umnumbered pages. See The Hoose Library of Philosophy Gomperz Collection, above. ----- “Introduction,” The Forest ofYggdrasill, pp. xiii"xlviii. See Ralph Tyler Flewel" ling, TheForestofYggdrasill, above. Mary Graham Lund, “Where Atheism and Orthodoxy Met,” Coranto, in, No. 1 (1965), 3"ii. Geddes MacGregor, “The Making ofMigne,” Coranto, ix, No. 2 (1974), 3"7. [Manuscript catalog, being the beginning ofan attempt to list the books in the Hoose Library ofPhilosophy, University ofSouthern California, in the early days ofits existence, n.p., n.d.] Doris Merithew, A Palaeographical and Textual Study ofa Fifteenth'Century Manu' script ofCicero’s De Officiis. Unpublished dissertation, University ofSouthern Cali" fornia, 1958. Wallace Nethery, ed., “C.S. Peirce to W.T. Harris,” The Personalist, xlv (1962), 3545- ----- “EarlyEditions ofGiordano Bruno at the University ofSouthern California,” TheBook Collector, xiv (1965), 74"75. ----- “AnEarly GothicBinding,” Coranto, vn, No. 1 (1971), 3i"33. ----- ed.,Heinrich Gomperz, “The Gomperz Collection,” The American Book Collect tor, xn, No. 2 (1961), 7"i2. See Heinrich Gomperz, “The Gomperz Collection/’ above. ----- Hume’s Manuscript Corrections in a Copy ofthe ‘Treatise of Human Na" ture,’ ” Papers oftheBibliographical Society ofAmerica, xvn (1963), 446^7. ----- ed., “Pragmatist to Publisher: Letters ofWilliam James to William Torrey Harris,” Coranto, 1, No. 1 (1963), 6"i3. ----- ed., “A Schiller Holograph,” The Personalist, XL (1959), 3 88"90. ----- “Schillerin theLibrary,” The Personalist, xlv (1964), 326"28. The Personalist: Supplement. Containing a Description ofthe Building and the Addresses 4 192 J DR- FLEWELLING AND THE HOOSE LIBRARY Giuen at the Dedication ofthe Seeley Wintersmith Mudd Memorial Hall ofPhilosophy. University ofSouthern California,July, 1930. Main Contents: “Statement by the Architect,” byRalph CarlinFlewelling; “The Lengthening Shadow ofaLife,” by Ralph Tyler Flewelling; “The Ideal ofthe School of Philosophy,” by H.Wildon Carr; “SomeProblems ofMassEducation,” by F.C. S. Schiller. Rare Books at USC, prepared by Glenn Bunday, Wallace Nethery, and Mary E. Pippin. Printed at the PlantinPress, Los Angeles,June, 1973• Reprinted in Coranto, ix. No. 1 (i973)> 3-8. Daniel S. Robinson, ed., “Bergson-Flewelling Correspondence, 1919'1940,” forth' coming in Coranto. —ed., “Borden Parker Bowne’s Letters to William Torrey Harris,” The Philosophical Forum, xm (1955), 89'95- ------“The Glenmore School for the Culture Sciences,” Coranto, vn, No. 1 (1971), 27-29. ____ed., “Josiah Royce’s Letters toWilliam Torrey Harris,” The Philosophical Fo' rum,xm (1955), 79'88. ------“Some Marginalia ofJosiahRoyce,” Coranto, vi, No. 1 (1969), 3'5- Ross Scimeca, “F. C. S. Schiller,” Coranto, ix, No. 1 (1973), 35'36. Herbert L. Searles and Allan Shields, A Bibliography ofthe Works ofF. C. S. Schiller. San Diego State College Press, 1969. The Seeley Wintersmith Mudd Foundation Special Collection in the Hoose Library ofPhu losophy, School ofPhilosophy. University ofSouthernCalifornia, 1940. Allan Shields, “Some Impressions of F.C. S. Schiller,” The Personalist, lv (1974)? 290-97. Herbert Spiegelberg, “Husserl’sWay into Phenomenology for Americans: A Letter and Its Sequel,” Phenomenology: Continuation and Criticism: Essays in Memory of Dorian Cairns, ed. F. Kersten and R. Zaner (Phaenomenologica, 50), pp. 168-91. The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1973. Michael Thompson, ed., “Some Letters of Bertrand Russell to Herbert Wildon Carr,” Coranto, x, No. 1 (1975), 3-13. LucyleWerkmeister, “Theodor Gomperz’s Reflections on Burke’s Reflections," Co' ranto, in, No. 2 (1966), 3-13. Martin Woods, “The Folio Augustini of Schopenhauer,” Coranto, iv, No. 1 (1966), U'23- ------“Seventeenth&Eighteenth Century ScientificThoughtin the HooseLibrary,” Coranto, vi, No. 2 (1970), 3-27. INDEX INDEX Abel, Reuben, 44 Acta sanctorum, 31, 188 Aenesidemus, 130 Aeschylus, 64 Aetas Kantiana, 130 Agard, W. R., 16 Age ofReason, The, 25 Albertus Magnus, 30, 50,70,102,163,166 Alciphron: or, TheMinutePhilosopher, 42,123 Alcott, Bronson, 182 Alexander ofHales, 162 Allen, W. H., 103 AllgemeineNaturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels, 122 American Book Collector, The, 97, in, 169,190 Ampere, Andre Marie, 180 Analogy ofReligion, The, 122 Animauxplus que machine, Les, 126 Annales dephilosophic chrdtienne, 53 L’anneephilosophique, 53 Appearance andReality, 46 Aquinas, St. Thomas, 70 Arcanapolitica, 145 Archimedes, 50 Archivjur Geschichte der Philosophie, 52,135 Aretino, Leonardo, 160 Argens,J.-B. de Boyer, Marquis d’, 125,126 Aristotle, 64,78,135,166,168,190 Arnauld, Antoine, 42,146 Arrivabenus, Georgius, 176 Arvidson, Lloyd, 131,136,137,144 €, 190,191 Asolani, The, 168 Aster, Ernst von, 148 Audubon,JohnJames, 180 Augustine ofHippo, St., 25,50,166,168, 170 f. Autobiography (Russell), 75 Avenarius, Richard, 134,148 Averroes, 166 Azhderian, Helen, vi Bacon, Francis, 108,180 Bacon,Roger, 102,168 Badius,Jodocus, 167,176 Bakewell, Charles M., 76 Barth, Paul, 22,38 Bauch, Bruno, 148 Bayle, Pierre, 31,102,173 Beardslee, Claude G., 23 Becher, Erich, 148 Beck, Robert N., vii Beitrdge zur Geschichte derPhilosophie des Mittelalters, 52,73 Belon, Pierre, 25 Belot,Jean, 85 Benedictus, F. Plato de, 176 Benoist, E., 123 Bentham,Jeremy, 125 Berdyaev, Nikolai Bergmann, Ernst, 126 Bergson, Henri, 16, 35 f., 82,181,182,192 Bergson and Personal Realism, 36 Berkeley, George, 42,50,124 Bernard, Claude, 180 Beroaldo, Philippo, 154,166 Beyer, Ed., 139 Bibliography ofF. C. S. Schiller, A, 49 Bibliography ofPhilosophy (Rand), 173 Bibliotheca Graeca, 173 Bibliotheca Latina, 173 Bibliotheca scriptorumgraecorum et romanorum, 146 Bibliotheca Spenceriana, 152 Bibliothek Prof Dr. Heinrich Gomperz: Philosophie 1700-1850, 104 Biblioth^que curieuse, historiqueet critique, 173 Biran, Maine de, 181 Blackburn, Florence, 26 Blackburne, Richard, 43 Blackwell, B. H., 85 Blackwell’s (booksellers), 78, 85,91 Blaisdell,James A., 39 Blanshard, Brand, 16 Boccaccio, Giovanni, 40,145 Boehner, Philotheus, 163,190 Boethius, 40,157,166,181 Bohme,Jacob, 25,48,127 Bold, Samuel, 169,170 Bolzano, Bernard, 131,147,148 Bonaventura, St., 162,166 Bonnet, Charles, 128 Boodin,J. E., 49,76 Book Collector, The, 191 Book ofMartyrs, The, 158 Bosanquet, Bernard, 25,26,44 Boughton, Gladys, 103,152 Bouillet, Marie Nicolas, 50 Bousset, Wilhelm, 148 Boutroux, £mile, 181 Bovard, George F., 13,14,17,19 Bowen, Irmadean (later Mrs. Haberly), 151, 154,172,173,174 Bowes (bookseller), 25 Bowman, Ethel, 124 Bowne, Borden Parker, x, 17 €, 31,181,192 Bowne, Mrs. Borden Parker, 17 £, 20 Bradley, F. H., 44,46,79 Brentano, Franz, 96,134,148 Brightman, Edgar S., 22,69,74,76 195 4196 3* INDEX Brit, Walter, 158,159 Brooks, Van Wyck, 53^4 Brown, Charlotte M., 26,29 Brunet,Jacques-Charles, 173 Bruno, Giordano, 102,103,168,191 Bryant, William Cullen, x Buddha, 59 Buffon, G.-L. L., Comte de, 180 Bunday, Glenn, 192 Burke, Edmund, 192 Burley, Walter, 24,163,166,167,190 Burns, Cecil D., 26 Burrill, Donald, 54» 19° Butler,Joseph, 122 Cairns, Dorian, 78,192 California Librarian, 191 California Life, 190 Campanella, Tommaso, 25,146,152 Capella, Martianus, 174,183 Cardano, Girolamo, 145 Carr, Geraldine (Mrs. H. W. Carr), 38,55» 7°, 71,74,81,83,106,188 Carr, Herbert Wildon, vi, xi, 25, 35 ff, 38, 49» 51» 54» 5 5,59, 61 ff, 69,70,181,182,188, 190,192 Carroll, Lewis:see Dodgson, C. L. Carruthers, Prof., 28 Cassiodorus, 183 Cassirer. Ernst, 25,134,148 Catalog ofthe HooseLibrary ofPhilosophy, vi, 90 Catalogue ofBooks Printed in the XVth Century, 173 Catherine II the Great, ofRussia, 43 Cathrein, Victor, 148 Census ofMedieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United StatesandCanada, 154,163 Champion, Edouard, 40,41,42, 52, 53,103 Champion, Honore, 40 Characteristicks, 122 Charlemagne, 85 Chaucer, Geoffrey, 40 Chauffepie,J. Georges de, 31,173 Chevalier,J. P., 181 Child's History ofEngland, x Christ and the Dramas ofDoubt, x Christianity Not Mysterious, 123 Cicero, 17,70,160,191 City ofGod, The, 170 Civilization in the United States, 84 Clarke, Samuel, 102 Clement, David, 173 Cohn,Jonas, 148 Colines, Simon de, 167 Collected Papers (Peirce), 67,76 Collection ofPapers, A (Leibniz and Clarke), 102 Collection ofthe Most Prominent Writers Who Deny the Reality ofTheir Own Bodies, 124 Collier, Arthur, 124 Columbus, Christopher, 43 Comedy ofPhilosophy, The, 82 Commentaria in aristotelicumgraeca, 146 Commentaria...in libros Perihermenias& Posteriorum Aristotelis, 24 f. Commentaria in treslibrosAristotelis de anima, 24 Commentary on Aristotle'sPosterior Analytics, 7I»158 Compendium theologicae veritatis, 70 Condillac, Etienne B. de, 42, no, 122 Confessions (Rousseau), 122 Conflict and Conciliation ofCultures, 179 Conley, Hugh, 71 Conrad, A. Z., 53 Consolation ofPhilosophy, The, 40 f., 157,166, 168 Contact Between Minds, The, 26 Copinger, W. A., 24 Coranto, 31,36,84,112,155,158,161,166, 167,170,190,191,192 Corday, Charlotte, 42 f. Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum, 135 Cowley, Abraham, 43 Crawford, Mary Sinclair, 85 Creative Personality, 32,35,38,174 Critik derpractischen Vernunft, 122 Critik der Urtheilskraft, 122 Critique ofPure Reason, 109,122 Critiquephilosophique, 50 Croce, Benedetto, 25 f. Cuvier, Georges, Baron, 180 Daily Trojan, The, 138 Dales, Richard C., vii, 158,164,190 Dawson, Ernest, 164 Dawson’s Book Shop, 25,30,47 f., 70 De anima, 102 De consolatione, 145 De I'esprit, no De mundi sensibilia, 122 De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii, 174 Deofficiis, 70,160 f., 191 Depuritate artislogicae, 163,190 De rerum natura, 30 De secretis naturae, 145 De sensu rerum et magia, 25 De studio legende, 166 De triplici minimo etmensura, 103 INDEX 4 197 > De typhogeneris humani, 134 Deininger, Walter T., 185 De Ricci, Seymour, 154,158,163 Descartes, Rene, 102,146,153,180 Dewey,John, 25,44,53,5 5, 82 Dial, The, 84 Dialogues (Rousseau), 122 Dialogues on Santayana, 64 Dialoguessceptiques, 134 Dibdin, Thomas F., 152 Dick, Christian R., 173,174,177 Dickens, Charles, x Dictionaire historique et critique, 31 Dictionnaire bibliographique, 30 Dictionary ofNational Biography,The, 158 Dictionary ofPhilosophy,The (Runes), 33 Diderot, Denis, 104,173 Dilthey, Wilhelm, 134 Diogenes, 57 Diogenes Laertius, 25,166 Dissertation on the Progress ofPhilosophy, 125 Dittrich, Ottmar, 149 Dodgson, C. L. (“Lewis Carroll”), 79, 80, 81,82, 83 Dollfuss, Engelbert, 97 Douglas, Lloyd C., 39 Downs, RobertB., 173 Dreams, 82 Drews, Arthur, 148 Driesch, Hans, 75,77,134,149 Du Cange, Charles du Fresne, sieur, 42 Duns Scotus,John, 66,71,166 Eames, Wilberforce, 181 Edelmann,Johann Christian, 127 £, 174 Edwards,John, 169 Electra, 25 Emerson, RalphWaldo, ix, x, 59 Emile, 122 Encyclopedia (Isidore ofSeville), 183 Encyclopedic (Diderot), 104,173 Engel, S. Morris, vii English Bindings Before 1500,165 English Collectors ofBooks& Manuscripts (1530- *930), 158 Enquiry into the Origin ofHonour, 124 Entretienssurla metaphysique etsur la religion, 146 Epigrams (More), 167 Epistles (Bohme), 25 Epitreb Mlle. A. C. P., 126 Erasmus, Desiderius, 167 Erdmann, Benno, 149 Erskine,John, 16 Eschenbach,Johann Christian, 124 EssayConcerningHumane Understanding, An, 169,175 Essentials ofLogic, The (Bosanquet), 26 Estes, Rice, 177 £ Estienne, Robert, 25,167,176 Ethica (Spinoza), 102 Eucken, Rudolf, x, 21 £, 33 f£ Euripides, 25,64,168 Examination ofSir William Hamilton'sPhilosophy, An, 125 Exposito in quartum librum sententiarum Petri Lombardi, iS7 Fable oftheBees, The, 123 Fabricius,Johann Albert, 173 Faculty vengee, La, 126 Fagg, Fred D.,Jr., 137 Faith ThatEnquires, A, 26 Fairbanks, Arthur, 64 Faraday, Michael, 180 Farman, Carl, 61,71 Fechner, Gustav Theodor, 104, 131, 147, 148 Federigo de Montefeltro, 157 Fichte,Johann Gottlieb, 33, no, 123,130 Ficino, Marsilio, 70 Fifty Essays in Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century Bibliography, 170 FirstHalf-Century, The, 57, 58 Fitch, Eva L., 26, 30, 54,71,72,91,93,177 Flaherty, Francis E., 142 Flewelling, Francis Tyler, ix Flewelling,Jane Carlin (Mrs. R. T. Flewelling), x, 26,27,30,71,76,77,98,158,176 Flewelling, Mary (mother ofR. T. Flewelling), ix Flewelling, Ralph Carlin, 56, 57, 58 £, 192 Flewelling, Ralph Hunter, vii Ralph Tyler Flewelling, passim Forberg, Friedrich Karl, 130 Forest ofYggdrasill,The, x, xi, 13,14,15,19, 35,4i, 43, 52, 56,58, 59,61,101,137,138, 142,154,185,190,191 Fowler, W. Warde (?), 26 Foxe,John, 158 Fragment on Macintosh, 125 Frederick I, ofPrussia, 128 Frederick II the Great, ofPrussia, 128 Freud, Sigmund, 96,125 Fries,Jakob Friedrich, 131 Froben,Johann, 167,176 Frohschammer,Jakob, 148 Fuller, AnneHutchinson, 186 Fuller, B. A. G., vi, vii, 61,63 £, 71,74,78,79, 80,84,85,91,94 £, 102,105,107,151 f.,153, 176,179,181,185 f£ 4 #9® } INDEX Fuller,RobertG., vii Gal, G., 162 * Galileo, 25,102,157 Garnsey,JulianEllsworth, 59 Gassendi, Pierre, 50 Gedanken von der tvahren Schdtzung der lebendigenKrdfie, no Gerson,Jean Charlier de, 166 Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke, 173 Geyser,Joseph, 148 Gilhofer & Ranschburg (booksellers), 102, 103,146 Gianvill,Joseph, 134 Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis, 42 Goethe,Johann Wolfgang von, 33,136 Goff, Frederick R., 163,164,165,166 Goldschmidt, E. P.,25,157 €, 165 Gomperz, Ada (Mrs. Heinrich Gomperz), in, 134,137,13 8,13 9» 142 €, 144,182 Gomperz, Heinrich, vi, xi, 77, 80, 82, 94, 95, 96 ff., 101 £, 103 f£, no, in, 112,126, 130,131,132,133 fE, 136,137 £, 139 f£,144, 145,147,151,155,182,190,191 Gomperz, Theodor, 77,96,97, in, 125,137, 140,190,192 Gothic and Renaissance Bookbindings, 165 f. Gournay, Marie leJars de, 168 Gowdy, President (Foochow University), 32 Grabmann, Martin, 148 Graesse,J. G. T., 173 Grattan, C. Hartley, 67 Greek Thinkers, 96 Green, T. H., 44 Greene, Belle da Costa, 42 Gregoriis, Gregorius de, 168 Gregoriis,Joannes de, 168 Gregory ofNazianzus, St., 168 Griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten dreiJahrhunderte, Die, 135 Groos, Karl, 149 Grosseteste, Robert, 70,71,158,159,190 Grow, L. M., 190 Gutenberg-Jahrbuch, 1969,163 Haberlin, Paul, 149 Haeckel, Ernst, 148 Hain, Ludovici, 154,173 HalfHours with the BestAuthors, x Hamilton, A., 30 Hamilton, William, 125 Handschriften des Benediktinerklosters S.Petrizu Erfurt, Die, 164 Hardman, Oscar, 26 Harnack, Adolf, 96 Harrington,James, 152 Harris, EdithDavidson, 53 Harris, WilliamTorrey, 53,182,191,192 Harrison,John, 169 Hartmann, Eduard von, 148 Hartmann, Nicolai, 148 Hash, Rebekah, 153 f. Hegel, G. W. F., 33, no, 123,131,148,174 Heiney, Ann, 189 Helsel, Paul, 72 Helvetius, Claude-Adrien, no Heras, EvelynH., 174,175,176 f., 189,191 Herbert, Edward (LordPowis), 158 Hermes, 135 Herschel,John, 125 Hertling, Georg Friedrich, 148 Hesiod, 64 Hield, Mrs. Clarence, 179 Hierocles ofAlexandria, 50 High, Mrs., 86 Hill,John, 15 Hippocrates, 180 Hirnhaim, Hieronymus, 134 HistoireLitt^raire de la France, 86 Historic oftheRaigne ofKing Henry the Seventh, 108 History, Its Theory and Practice, 25 History of Ancient Greek Literature (Fowler), 26 History ofBritish India, The, 125 History ofGreek Philosophy (Fuller), 63 History ofPhilosophical Ideas in America, A, 189 History ofPhilosophy, A (Fuller), 94,107 152,181 Hitler, Adolf, 82,101,137,138,141 Hobbes, Thomas, 43 Hobson, G. D., 165 Hoernle, R. F. A., xi, 69,75 Hofler, Alois, 148 Hofmann, Paul, 149 Holbach, P. H. D., Baron d\ 126 f. Home, Henry (Lord Kames), 122 L’homme machine, 126 L'hommeplante, 126 Uhommeplusque machine, 126 Honigswald, Richard, 148 Hoose,JamesHarmon, 15,17,18,19,20 Hoose Library ofPhilosophy GomperzCollection, The, 131,137» J44,145,190,19I Hopkins, LouisJ., 92,93 Hopkins, Mark, 15 Hospers,John, vii Howison, William, 53,182 Hugo ofSaint-Victor, 70 (?), 166 HumanDestiny, 180 INDEX 4 199 > Human Nature and Conduct, 25 Humanism, 67 Hume, David, 109, no, 122, 191 Hunt, Rockwell D., 57, 58,191 Husserl, Edmund, 77,78,134,148,192 Ideals ofAsceticism, The, 26 Important Library ofHeinrich Gomperz...Philosophy ofthe XVth-XVIIIth Centuries, The, 102 In aureos versusPythagorae opusculum, 51 In Memory ofSeeley Wintersmith Mudd, 39 Indifference in Disputes, 123 Indische Theosophie, Die, 96 Inquiry into the Nature and Causes ofthe Wealth ofNations, An, no Introduction to Philosophy,An (Wundelbund), 25 Jackson, Holbrook, 167 Jacobi Friedrich, Heinrich, 129 Jahrbuchfur Philosophic und Phanomenologische Forschung, 148 James, Henry, Sr.,67 James, Henry,Jr. ,67 James, William, 41,44, 53,67,93,182,190 JamesHarmon Hoose Hall ofPhilosophy: Record ofSubscriptions, 19 Jansen, Cornelius, 42 Jerusalem,Wilhelm, 149 Jodi, Friedrich, 148 Jodocus des Mares, 161 Joel, Karl, 149 Jones, SirHenry, 26 Journal ofPhilology,The, 53 Journal ofPhilosophy, The, 53,65 Journal ofSpeculative Philosophy, The, 53 Journal ofthe History ofIdeas, 55 Journal ofthe History ofPhilosophy, 122 Kallen, Horace M., 64,82 Kann, Robert A., 111,190 Kant, Immanuel, 30,31,46,72,109, no, 121, 122,127,128,129,130,174 Kant-Studien, 53 Kennard (bookseller), 25 Kersten, F., 78,192 Kessler, Nicolas, 70 Keynes,John Maynard, 26 Kidman, Roy L., vi King AlbionR., 61 Knodel, Arthur, vi, 73 Knudson, A. C., 29 Koberger, Anton, 24,163,166,167 Krus, H. P., 181 Kritik des Hedonismus, 96 Kiilpe, Oswald, 148 Lagerkatalog 68 von Ed. Beyer'sNachf. Buchhandlung undAntiquariat, 139 LamarckJ-B. de Monet, Chevalier de, 180 Lamb, Charles, 50 Lamettriana, 126 La Mettrie,Julian Offrayde, no, 126,174 La Mettrie's L'hommeMachine, 126 Lamont, Corliss, 64 La Mothe Le Vayer, Francois de, 134 Lang, S. E.,82 La Ramee,Pierre de, 168 La Serna Santander, Charles Antoine de, 30 Lask, Emil, 148 Laslett, Peter, 169 Latin Bookhands ofthe Later Middle Ages, 165 Lavater,Johann Caspar, 129 Lean Martin, vii Lecomte du Noiiy, MaryBishop Harriman, 180 Lecomte du Noiiy, Pierre, 180 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 3 3, 3 5 50,72, 102,109 Lequier,Jules ,181 Le Roy, Edouard, 181 Lettersto Dion, 123 Lettersto Serena, 123 Lettres chinoises, 126 Lettresjuives, 126 Lettres morales, 126 Lettrespersanes, 126 Lewis, E. H., 45, 64 Lewis,Wilmarth S., 155 Libellus de simplicium medicinarum noxa, 145 Library ofJohn Locke, The, 169 Liebmann, Otto, 148 Lincoln, Abraham, 17 Lipps, Theodore, 148 Littauisch-deutsches und deutsch-littauisches Worterbuch, no, 129 Lives ofthe Philosophers (Diogenes Laertius), 35 Lives ofthe Philosophers and Poets (Burley), 24 163,167 Locatellus, Bonetus, 176 Locke,John, 102,109,152,169,170,175 Logicfor Use, 44,92 Logos, 53 Lombard, Peter, 51,70,145,166 Long, Wilbur, vi, ix. xi, 15,41, 54,61, 85,93, 131,145,147,190,191 Longfellow, Henry W., x 4 200 ^ INDEX LosAngeles Times,The, 95,137, *38» I9° Lotze, Hermann, 33,131,147» U^ Lowndes, William T., 173 Lucretius, 30,186 Lull, Ramon, 145 Lund, Mary Graham, 180,191 Luzac, Elie, 126 Lyon, David Willard, 69 Macaulay, ThomasBabington, 104 McCombs, Frances, 72 MacDonald, Linda, 91 MacGregor, Geddes, vii, 31,191 Mach, Ernst, 96,134,148 Machiavelli, Niccold, 71 MacLeish, Archibald, 155 Magniphilosophi Thomae Hobbes, 43 Maier, Heinrich, 149 Maimon, Salomon, 130,174 Malebranche, Nicolas, 146,180,196 Mandeville, Bernard, 123 McTaggart,J. M. E., 37 [Manuscript catalog, being the beginning ofan attempt to list the books in the Hoose Library ofPhilosophy], 191 Manutius, Aldus, 168 Manutius, Paulus, 168 Manuzii, The, 176 Marat,Jean-Paul, 43 Marcellinus, Ammianus, 25 Marcus Aurelius, 155 Maritain,Jacques, 181,182 Marks, Saul, 156 Marty, Anton, 148 Masaryk, Tomas, 77,96 Mead, G. H., 79,82 Meditationes chrdtiennes, 146 Meditationes de primaphilosophia, 146 Meeting ofExtremes in Contemporary Philosophy, The, 25 Meier, G. F., 127 Meinong, Alexius, 134,148 Mekler, S., 139 Melanchthon, Phillipp, 175 £ Melanges (Beloist), 123 Mencken, H. L., 84 Mendelssohn, Moses, 128,129 Merithew, Doris, 70,160,161,191 Messer, August, 148 Metaphysical Tracts oftheEighteenth Century, 124 Mielcke, Christian, no, 129 Migne,Jacques-Paul, 31, 86,191 Mill,James, 125 Mill,John Stuart, 96,125,174 Millikan, Robert A., 38, 39 Mind, 46, 53,77» 81 Mind! A Unique Review ofAncient and Modern Philosophy, 46 Miotti, Peter, 130 Mitchell, William S., 51, 84,132 Modern Language Notes, 126 Modest Inquiry into the Mystery ofIniquity and Apology, A, 85 Modusredemptionis humani lapsus, 70 Moliere, 157 Monist,The, 52 Montaigne, Michel de, 168 Montesquieu, 126 Monumenta Germaniae Historica, 85 ff» 188 Moore, ErnestC., 38,39 More,Henry, 85 More, Sir Thomas, 167 Moreri, Louis, 173 Moses, Leon, 82 Mossner, Ernest C., 122 MostFamous History ofthe Learned Fryer Bacon, The, 168 Mudd, Della (Mrs. S. W. Mudd), 16, 56,172 Mudd, Harvey S., vii, 16,47 £, 87,88,89 Mudd, Henry T., vii Mudd, Seeley Greenleaf, vii, 16,29,37,47,48, 56,84,86 ff., 89,105,106,143,149,179, 184,189 Mudd, Seeley Wintersmith, vi, vii, 16,20 ff, 28,31,32 £, 34 £, 37 ff» 47» 55» 56,60,66 Muir, Percy H., 157 Muirhead,). H., 49 Miiller-Freienfels, Richard, 148 Mumford, Lewis, 84 Miinsterberg, Hugo, 148 Muratori, Ludovici, 85 Murlin, President (Boston University), 17 Mussolini, Benito, 80,82 Must Philosophers Disagree?, 76,92 Nathan, GeorgeJean, 84 Nature, x Nazarenus, 123 Neally, E. M., 180 Nelson, Leonard, 148 Nethery, Wallace, 46,68, in, 169,190,191, 192 NeueKritik der Vernunft, 131 Newbold, WilliamRomaine, 51 Newton, Sir Isaac, 109,188 Nicomachean Ethics, 82 Niethammer, R. I., 130 Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, 33,148,186 Nijhoff, Martinus, 25 INDEX 4 201 J Notion ofthe Historical Draught or Tablature oftheJudgment ofHercules, A, 155 Novum Organum, 180 Nuremberg Chronicle, 24 Oceana ofJamesHarrington, The, 152 Ockham, William of, 51,161 ff., 166 Oesterreich, Traugott, 149 Oeuvres (Belot), 85 Oeuvres (Rousseau), 25 Oeuvrescompletes (Descartes), 146 OfRoman Antiquities, 168 Opera omnia (Gassendi), 50 Operaposthuma (Spinoza), 102,152 Ostwald, Wilhelm, 148 Otto, Max, 186 Otto, Rudolf, 148 OurHuman Truths, 92 Paine, Thomas, 25 Paley, William, 79,80,81,82 Palud, Petrus de la, 157 Pantheisticon, 123 Papers ofthe Bibliographical Society ofAmerica, 122,191 Papini, Giovanni, 68 Parr, Samuel, 124,125 Pascal, Blaise, 50 Passiones animae, 146 Patrologiae cursus completus, 31,86,188 Peirce, Charles Sanders, 44, 53,67,76,79,191 Pellechet, M., 24 Pdndlope, L'ouvrage de, 126 Perry, RalphBarton, 107 Person, The, 179 Personalism and theProblems ofPhilosophy, x Personalist,The, 17,26,27,3 5,40,43,44,45,46, 53, 58, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 74, 92, 94, 97, 178,179,184,187,188,189,190,191,192 Personalist: Supplement, The, 59,60,191 Pfordten, Otto Friedrich, 148 Phaedon, 128 Phenomenology: Continuation and Criticism, 78, 192 Phillipps, Thomas, 161 Philosophia NaturalisPrincipia Mathematica, 188 Philosophical Forum, The, 192 Philosophical Review, The, 53 Philosophic du bon-sense, 125 Philosophicpositive, La, 53 Philosophische Monatshefte, 53 Philosophische Untersuchung der Beweisefiir das Christenthum, 129 PhilosophischesJournal, 130 Philosophy and the War, 33 Philosophy ofCharles Renouvier and ItsInfluence on WilliamJames,The, 41 Pichler, Hans, 148 Pilgrim9s Progress, x Pippin, MaryE., 192 Plantin, Christopher, 25,168,176 Plato, 17,64,128,135,136 Plato and the OlderAcademy, 82 Plotinus, 50,63,70,166 Plurimarum singularum& memorabilium rerum in Graecia, Asia..., 25 Pocock, Sir George, ix Popkin, Richard, 122 Posthumous Works of Mr.John Locke, 152 Postilla super Mathaeum, 71 Pound, Roscoe, 76 Powner (bookseller), 25 Praefationes in Oeconomica aristotelis, 160 PragmaticHumanism ofF. C. S. Schiller, The, 44 Priestley,Joseph, 50,175 Proceedings ofthe American Societyfor Psychical Research, 82 Protagoras, 44,45 Punch, 46 Pythagoras, 154,166 Quodnihilscitur, 134 Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli, 74,107 Rand, Benjamin, 173 Ranke, Leopold von, 136 RareBooks at LJSC, 156,191 Raubenheimer, Albert S., 183 Ravaisson-Mollien,J.-G.-F. Lacher, 181 Realencyklopaedie des klassischen Alterums, 135 ReasonablenessofChristianity, The, 169 Recens et completa arsreminiscendi, 103 Recherchesphilosophiques sur lespreuves du christianisme, 128 f. Recueil de touteslesreponses du P. Malebranche a M. Arnaud, 146 Reflections on the Basic Ideas ofEast and West, 79 Reflections on the Revolution in France, 192 Reflexions curieuses d9un esprit ddsintdressd, 102 Reid, Carveth, 46 Reid, Thomas, 121 Reinhold, C. L., 129 Renan, Ernest, 136 Renouvier, Charles Bernard, 41 £, 52,182 Repertorium Bibliographicum, 154 Rdponse a I9auteur deLa machine terrassde, 126 Republic, The, 176 Rerumgestarum, 25 Rerum Italicarum Scriptores, 86 Revuephilosophique, 53 4 202 } INDEX Rheinisches Museum, 135 Rich,JohnHubbard, 92 Richman, Frances, 152 Rickert, Heinrich, 134,148 Riddle, Lawrence, 85 Riddles ofthe Sphinx, 43 Riehl, Alois, 148 Road to “Human Destiny” The, 180 Robb,J. Wesley, vii Robb, Kevin, vii Robinson, Daniel S., vi, 3 5 £, 102,131,149, 189,191,192 Roosevelt, Theodore, 17 Ross, W.D.,82 Rousseau,Jean-Jacques, 25,121,122 Royce,Josiah, 53,192 Runes, Dagobert, 33 Russell, Bertrand, Lord, 74 £, 192 Saint-Martin, Claude de, 127 Samtliche Schriften undBriefe (Leibniz), 50 Santayana, George, 26,63,91,153,186,190 Savonarola, Girolamo, 168 £ Scepsisscientifica, 134 Scheier, Max, 148 Schelling, Friedrich, 148 Schiller, F.C.S., vi, vii, xi, 43 f£, 48 £, 51, 54, 56,59,61,63,64,65,66 f£, 69,74,75 f£, 91 ff, 94,132,154,174,181,190,192 Schiller, Louise (Mrs. F. C. S. Schiller), 78,92 Schlegel, Friedrich von, 110 Schneider, HerbertW., 64 Scholderer, Victor, 170 Scholz, Heinrich, 149 Schopenhauer, Arthur, no, 123,131,148, 170 £, 174,192 Schultz,Johann, 130 Schulze, G. E., 130 Schunk,JohnB., 162 £ Schuschnigg, Kurt von, 97 Schwarz, Hans, 149 Scimeca, Ross, 192 Scot, Octavius, 168 Scott, Prof. Walter, 37 Scribner1s Magazine, x Searles, Herbert L., vi, 49,61, 85,93,192 Second Census ofIncunabula in American Libraries, 154 Seeley Wintersmith MuddFoundation Special Collection, The, 131,156,192 Selby-Bigge, L. A., 122 Sententiae (Lombard), 51,70,145,157 Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, Lord, 122,155 Shakespeare, William, 157 Sharman, Mr., 73 Shields, Allan, 49,174,192 Short Discourse ofthe True Knowledge ofChrist Jesus, A, etc., 169 Simon ofBredon, 158 Simpson, Matthew, 17 Skepticism andAnimalFaith, 26 Slate, Thomas, 112 Smith, Mrs. A. Coleman, 87 Smith, Adam, no, 122 Smith, Florence, 139 Socinianism Truly Stated, 123 Socrates, 92 Sommerring, Samuel Thomas, no, 129 Sophistik und Rhetorik, 96 Sophocles, 64 Southern California IllustratedNews, 52,190 Spiegelberg, Herbert, 78,192 Spinoza, Benedictus de, 102,129,152,186 Spira, Wendelin da, 168 Starbuck, Edwin D., 61,69 Stearns, Harold E., 84 Stechert (bookseller), 52 Stern,William, 134 Stieg, Lewis F., vi, 131,143 £, 149 £, 190,191 Stbckl, W.,70 Storring, Gustav Story ofPhilosophy in Verse, The, 82 Stowell, ThomasBlanchard, 19 Strife ofSystems andProductive Duality, The, 26 Stumpf, Karl, 148 Suarez (ofCoimbra?), 134 Suarez, Francisco, 134 Substance andFunction, 25 Sully-Prudhomme, R. F. A., 180 Summa naturalium, 30,163 Supplementum aristotelicum, 146 Supra praedicabilia etpraedicamenta Aristotelis, 51»162 Survival ofWestern Culture, The, 175,185 Sutro, A., 88 Swets & Zeitlinger (booksellers), 85,87 Symbola Pythagorae a Philippo Beroaldo moraliter explicata, 154,166 Systkme de la nature, 127 Taine, Hippolyte, 136 Tait, Archibald Campbell, 83 Talks on Book-Collecting, 157 Tawney, G. A., 76 Taylor, Thomas, 30 Teichmuller, Gustav, 148 Ten Lettersto Dr.Joseph Priestley, 175 Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, x Terry, Edward H., 85,86 INDEX 4 203 > Tetrateuchus, sive. Commentarius in sanctaJesu Christi evangelia, 42 Theele,Joseph, 164 Theodor Gomperz: Ein Gelehrtenleben im Biirgertum der Franz-Josephs-Zeit, 111,190 Theodoric the Great, 40 Theologi orationeslectissimae, 168 Theorica astronomic, 158 f. Theory ofMonads, A, 25 Theory ofMoral Sentiments, The, no, 122 Things That Matter Most, The, 179 Thompson, Michael, 192 Thomson, S. Harrison, vii, 158 f£, 165 Thomson, Mrs. S. Harrison, vii ThreeJameses, The, 67 Toland,John, 123,152 Touring Topics, 88 Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, 26 Tractsforthe Times, 85 Traite dessensations, no, 122 Trask, Ida Mary, 76 Treatise Concerning thePrinciples ofHuman Knowledge,A, 124 Treatise ofHuman Nature, A, no, 122,191 Treatise on Probability, A (Keynes), 26 Tunison, Fay, 189 Tuttle, TomH., 71 Uber das Organ der Seete, 110,129 UeberdieLehre des Spinoza, 129 Uiber die Falschheit, und Gottlosigkeit desKantischen Systems, 130 Unamuno yjugo, Miguel de, 182 Utitz, Emil, 148 Utopia, 167 Variisermoni, 25 Vartanian, Aram, 126 Verstehen undErklaren, 96 Verweyen,Johannes, 149 Vindication ofSirIsaacNewton9s Principles of Fluxions, A, 124 Vita di Dante, 145 Vollbehr, Otto R. F., 87 £ Voltaire, 43,154 Von KleinSmid, Rufus B., 20,22,30 £, 57,71, 85 €, 88,93,99,101,107 £, 13 3,142,143 Von KleinSmid, Mrs. RufusB., 111 Voynich, WilfridM., 24,25,161 Wadding, L., 66 Wahle, Richard, 148 Waitt, Lucy, 95 Wakefield, G., 30 Walpole, Horace, 155 Weber, Alfred, 107 Webster, Noah, 175 Welby, Victoria, Lady, 46 Welch, E. Pari, 72,78 Wen, Hsi-Tseng, 176 Wentscher, Max, 148 Werke (Nietzsche), 85 Werkmeister, Lucyle, 192 Werkmeister, WilliamH., vii, ix, 189,190 Wesley,John, 17,181 Weston, ArthurH., 146 Wheeler, Florence, 22 Whiting, Brooke, vii Whitman, Walt, 182 Whittier,John Greenleaf, x Wiener, Philip P., 54 f. Wilkinson, Howard, 47 Willard, Dallas, vii Wilson, W.J., 154,163 Windelband, Wilhelm, 25,148 Winds ofHiroshima, 179 Winn, RalphB., 55 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 25 f. Wolff,JohannChristian von, 109, no, 127 Woods, Martin, 170,192 Works (Paley), 79, 80,81,82 Wright, Louis B., 50 Writings ofRobert Grosseteste, The, 159 Wundt, Wilhelm, 134,148 Xanthippe, 92 Youth's Companion, The, x Zaner, R.,78,192 Zeitlin & VerBrugge (booksellers), 144 Zeller, Eduard, 82 Ziehen, Theodor, 148 Zoehrer, Walter, 142,145 Zohrer, Maria, 144 f. Ofthe five hundred copies printed by Lillian Marks at the Plantin Press through the personal and administrative interest ofBoy L. Kidman, Librarian, University ofSouthern California, two hundred are for presentation to members ofthe Zamorano and Roxburghe Clubs on the occasion oftheir joint meeting in San Francisco, September 18'19,1976

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Creator Nethery, Wallace (author)

Core Title Dr. Flewelling & the Hoose Library : life and letters of a man and an institution

Contributor Flewelling, Ralph Tyler, 1871-1960 (contributor)

Publisher Los Angeles, California (original), University of Southern California Press (original), University of Southern California. Libraries (digital)

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Format 203 pages (pagination), 217 pages (extent), 24 cm. (dimensions), books (aat), compilation manuscripts (aat), illustrations (contents)

Language English

Unique identifier UC113296819

Identifier LD5101 .S338 H65 (call number),rbm-ld5101-s338-h65.pdf (filename),3238778 (OCLC identifier)

Legacy Identifier rbm-ld5101-s338-h65

Format 203 pages (pagination),217 pages (extent),24 cm. (dimensions),books (aat),compilation manuscripts (aat),illustrations (contents)

Rights The University of Southern California

Internet Media Type application/pdf

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Source 20230809-rbm-ld5101-s338-h65 (batch), Rare Books and Manuscripts Collection (collection), RBM: History (subcollection), University of Southern California (contributing entity)

Access Conditions Send requests to address or e-mail given. Phone (213) 740-5900; fax (213) 740-2343

Repository Name USC Libraries Special Collections

Repository Location Doheny Memorial Library, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0189

Repository Email specol@lib.usc.edu

Inherited Values

Title Dr. Flewelling & the Hoose Library : life and letters of a man and an institution

Description "Five hundred copies printed." Includes index.

Inherited Subject Flewelling, Ralph Tyler, 1871-1960 (personal name), Gomperz, Heinrich, 1873-1942 (personal name), University of Southern California School of Philosophy Hoose Library of Philosophy (corporate name)