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Qin -- three songs about nature for voice and percussion
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Content
QIN – THREE SONGS ABOUT NATURE FOR VOICE AND PERCUSSION
by
Alan Chan
A Musical Score Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE THORNTON SCHOOL OF MUSIC
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS
(COMPOSITION)
December 2008
Copyright 2008 Alan Chan
ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This project started from a commission assignment from Dr. James Snell,
percussion professor at the University of Missouri – Kansas City, in 2004. This project
has taken several stages in the last four years, and I would like to take this opportunity to
thank those who have supported me and have shaped my thinking during this process.
First I would like to express my gratitude to my mentor Prof. Donald Crockett,
who has been very supportive to my composition adventures throughout my residency at
the University of Southern California. It is during my study with him that I began to
condense my experiences of several fields of study into one united language of my own. I
would also like to thank my committee members for their encouragement and the
freedom that was given to me to pursue my research interests.
It is through Tamar Diesendruck’s recommendations that I explored literature in
depth by working with Prof. Dominic Cheung from the Comparative Literature
department. This opened a new door for me to understand the essence of literature from
both the East and the West. I would like to thank both of them for their vision and help. I
would also like to extend my thanks to Prof. Frank Ticheli and Prof. David St. John, who
put together the Writer and Composer course in the Spring of 2006, to provide composers
and writers opportunities to collaborate.
Dr. Snell has been a champion of my percussion music and has premiered several
works of mine in the past few years, including songs with soprano Madeline Snell. I
would like to thank both of them for their faithful support.
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgements ii
Abstract iv
Text v
Instrumentation vi
An Example of Stage Setting vii
Performance Notes viii
Qin – Three Songs about nature – I. 1
Qin – Three Songs about nature – II. 13
Qin – Three Songs about nature – III. 22
iv
ABSTRACT
Qin is a seven-string zither of Chinese origin with a history of more than five
thousand years. It was an instrument played by the aristocrats and intellectuals in ancient
China. Although the music for qin is often pre-composed, the interpretation of the music
is highly individualistic and often involves some improvisation. Intellectuals used it as an
outlet for meditation.
“Qin – Three Songs About Nature” is a cycle of settings of three poems by Bai Juyi
(C.E. 772-846) and Li Bai (C.E. 701-762) in the original Chinese language. The choice of
this selection came from Chinese Literature scholar Jeannette L. Faurot’s article “Music
and Nature in Ancient Chinese Thoughts” (1998). She points out that music is a medium
for people to communicate their emotions with each other and with nature based on the
notion of resonance and sympathetic vibration. (p.6)
This piece calls for two musicians – a female vocalist and a percussion player –
providing an intimate set-up similar to qin music. A large collection of percussion
instruments provides a diverse choice of timbre as well as a contrast of the two spaces on
the stage with the singer standing solely on stage left and the percussion instruments on
stage right. The physical space becomes as important as the musical space in the third
movement. The musical materials are freely associated, incorporating styles from
contemporary classical to music from Brazil and jazz. This creative process,
incorporating free association and meditation, is similar to the process found in Chinese
literature mentioned by literature theorists Lu Ji and Liu Xie (Fourth and Fifth Century
C.E. respectively). This centuries-old practice is incorporated with musical elements of
the present day.
v
TEXT
Text in original
language
Pinyin (Chinese
phonetic alphabet)
English Translation
松聲 - 白居易
月好好讀坐
雙松在前軒
西南微風來
潛入枝葉間
蕭寥發 為聲
半夜明月前
寒山颯颯雨
秋琴泠泠弦
一聞滌炎暑
再聽破昏煩
竟夕遂不寐
心體俱翛然
南陌車馬動
西鄰歌吹繁
誰知茲檐下
滿耳不 為喧
S ōng Sh ēng – Bái J ū yì
Yuè h ăo h ăo dú zuò
shu āng s ōng zài qián xu ān
X ā nán w ēi f ēng lái
qián rù zh ī yè ji ān
Xi āo liáo f ā wéi sh ēng
bàn yè míng yuè qián
Hán sh ān sà sà y ŭ
qi ŭ qín líng líng xián
Yì wén dí yán sh ŭ
zài t īng pò h ūn fán
Jìng x ī suì bú mèi
xīn tín jù xi āo rán
Nán mò ch ē m ă dòng
x ē lín g ē chu ī fán
Shéi zh ī z ī yán xià
m ăn ĕr bù wéi xu ān
The Sounds of Pine by BAI Juyi
The moon is good, good for sitting alone,
With a pair of pines before my hut.
A southwest breeze comes
And plays in the branches and leaves.
Sad and mournful the sounds it makes
At midnight, before the moon.
Rustling like rain in the cold mountain,
Ringing like the strings of a qin in autumn.
Hearing it washes away the summer heat;
Hearing it again dispels all cares.
Though I do not go to bed all night,
My heart and body are refreshed.
Horses and carriages pass on the southern lane;
My neighbors to the west sing and play flutes.
Who would know that under these eaves
My ears would be full, but not of noise!
琴 - 白居易
置琴曲几上
慵坐但含情
何煩故揮弄
風弦自有聲
Qín – Bái J ū yì
Zhì qín q ŭ j ī shàng
y ōng zuò dàn hán qíng
Hé fán gù hu ī nòng
f ēng xián zì y ŏu sh ēng
Qin by BAI Juyi
I place my qin on a curved stand
And sit tranquil beside it, emotions contained.
Why trouble to pluck or strum it?
The wind on the strings makes it sound itself.
聽蜀僧浚彈琴-李白
蜀僧抱綠綺
西下峨嵋峰
為我一揮手
如聽萬壑松
客心洗流水
遺響入霜鍾
不覺碧山暮
秋雲暗幾重
T īng sh ŭ s ēng jùn tán qín
– L ĭ Bái
Sh ŭ s ēng bào l ǜ q ĭ
xī xià é méi f ēng
Wèi w ŏ yì hu ī sh ŏu
rú t īng wàn hè s ōng
Kè x īn xĭ liú shu ĭ
yí xi ăng rù shu āng zh ōng
Bù jué bì sh ān mù
qi ū yún àn j ĭ chóng
Listening to a Monk from “Shu” Play the Qin
by LI Bai
A monk from Shu, holding a patterned qin
Descends from the western peak of Mt. Omei.
As he begins to play for me,
It is as though I hear the sound of pines from countless valleys.
My heart is cleansed by a flowing stream,
It’s echoes entering the bells of frost.
Before I know, evening covers the green hills,
And autumn clouds darken several fold.
Translated by Jeannette L. Faurot (1998)
vi
INSTRUMENTATION
Female voice (stage left)
Hard mallet (1) (third movement only)
+
Percussion (stage right)
Instruments
Marimba (4½-octave) (1)
Vibraphone (1)
Timpano (29”)
Roto-toms (2) (10” and 12”)
Snare drum (1)
Tom-toms (2) (medium / low)
Kick drum (1)
Suspended cymbals (2)
Sizzle cymbal (1)
Temple bowl (on tray) (1)
Woodblocks (2) (medium, on separate trays)
Bamboo wind chimes (1)
Triangle (1)
Slapstick (1, on tray or mounted on a stand)
Brake drum (1, on tray)
Tam tam (medium)
Mallets / Materials
Hard mallets (4)
Medium mallets (4)
Timpani beaters (2)
Superball mallets (2)
Wire brushes (2)
Drum sticks (2)
Triangle beater (1)
Bow (1)
Notes on drumheads: for skin percussion, a rougher surface such as
Yamaha’s Renaissance™ head is desirable, so it yields more sounds when
wire brushes are used.
Notes on the choice of drums: choose drums to reflect the gradual
descending of tones beginning with roto-toms, snare drum and tom-toms.
vii
AN EXAMPLE OF STAGE SETTING
viii
PERFORMANCE NOTES
General
- Roto-toms are pitched, and notated in both regular staff and one-line staff. The one-line
staff notation is an abbreviation without using the full staff, and the pitch is determined
by what is set in the previous event or the set-up instruction.
- Vocal vibrato is mostly executed in the ordinary manner, except when wave-line
indication is placed above the staff:
Example of notation:
= sempre molto vibrato
= change gradually from non-vibrato to molto vibrato (with
exaggeration)
- There are two kinds of Glissandi for voice: one is indicated with a straight line, which
uses straight pitch bend; the other with a curvy line is used when both pitch bend and
molto vibrato are used.
- Specific instructions of individual movements are printed immediately before the score
of each movement.
1
I. Song Sheng
(The Sounds of Pine)
Text by LI Bai Alan Chan
PREPARATIONS
Roto-tom tuning:
Timpano tuning:
PERFORMANCE NOTES FOR VOICE
For Scat singing passages, syllables are decided by the vocalist (either predetermined or
improvised). The choice of syllables should reflect the style of jazz singing, akin to the
historic performances of Ella Fitzgerald and Sarah Vaughn. When notes are slurred, use
one syllable only.
The vowel sounds of mm.55-116 and m.138 could gradually fluctuated in order to change
the timbre of the note from time to time. The changes should be gradual and limited to
two or three vowels for each note, keeping the transition as smooth and graceful as
possible. Change vowels creatively to include varying degrees of height, roundness,
depth, nasalization, etc.
&
?
ã
Voice
Perc.
Tranquillo [q=60]
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(snare off)
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l.v.
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gliss.
gliss.
2
I. Song Sheng
(The Sounds of Pine)
Alan Chan Text by BAI Juyi
Qin - three songs about nature
for voice and percussion
Commissioned by the Snell Duo
&
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7
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p
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[q=72]
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32
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4
4
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Ped.
Ped.
Han shan sa sa yu
39
Œ
X
Speaking
F
œ
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b
>
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Vibraphone
(random gliss.
w/wired brush)
ç
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Singing
f
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ƒ
3
3
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Ped.
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41
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Psub.
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ling ling
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slide plastic mallet
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gliss.
gliss.
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Ped.
46
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50
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∏
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56
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l.v.
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Temple bowl
l.v.
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5
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5
8
5
Ped. Ped.
61
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3 3
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5
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4
3
4
3
4
3
Ped.
66
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b
n
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œ
œ
#
#
>
œ
œ #
œ #
œ #
œ
œ
œ
œ
Œ
6
6
&
&
ã
4
1
4
1
4
1
4
3
4
3
4
3
Ped.
Ped.
70
œ #
>
œ
œ #
œ
˘
‰
œ
>
œ
œ
J
œ
˘
‰
3 3
œ
œ b
>
‰
J
œ
œ
>
J
œ
œ‰
œ
∑
∑
Œ
˙ #
P
œ
œ
>
œ b
œ
œ
‰
œ
œ #
œ
œ
.
.
œ
œ b
.
˙
œ
>
œ
œ
#
#
œ #
œ #
œ #
œ
œ
.
.
œ
œ
&
&
ã
Ped.
74
œ #
>
f
œ
œ #
œ
˘
‰
œ
>
œ
œ
J
œ
˘
‰
3 3
œ
œ
œ
œ
b
b
b
>
‰
j
œ
œ
œ
œ
>
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
>
œ #
œ #
œ
˘
‰
œ
>
œ
œ #
œ
>
Í
3
3
ŒŒ
œ
œ
Woodblock
œ
œ n
œ #
œ #
>
ß
œ
œ
œ #
3
3
ŒŒ
œ #
æ
p
&
&
4
2
4
2
4
3
4
3
77
J
œ
.
p
‰Œ Œ
œ #
F
œ
œ #
œ #
œ
œ
œ
.
œ #
œ
œ #
œ #
œ
œ
œ
.
6
3
3
ŒŒ‰
J
œ
>
Í
œ #
œ
œ #
œ #
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
.
‰
œ
f
œ
˙
∑
[q=c104] more intensive...
.
˙
F
œ
Marimba
œ b
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ b
œ
œ
œ
œ
&
&
4
2
4
2
81
.
˙
œ
œ
b
b
œ
œ
œ b
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
b
œ
œ
.
˙
œ
œ
b
n
œ
œ
œ n
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
>
œ
œ
œ
>
‰
œ
>
œ
œ
j
œ
>
‰
3 3
œ
œ
œ
b
>
‰
j
œ
œ
œ
œ
#
>
Œ
7
&
&
4
2
4
2
4
3
4
3
84
‰
. œ b
>
ß
∑
?
. ˙
œ
œ
œ
œ #
œ
œ
œ b œ
œ
œ
œ
&
?
. ˙
p
œ b
œ b
œ b
œ b
œ b
œ
œ
b
b
œ
œ
œ
œ &
?
∑
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ #
œ
œ #
œ #
œ
œ
œ
œ &
&
&
4
2
4
2
4
4
4
4
88
Ó
œ #
>
ß
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ #
œ
œ #
œ #
œ
œ #
>
ß
5
?
.
˙
F
œ
œ
œ #
œ #
œ
œ #
œ
œ
&
?
˙
œ
œ b
œ
œ
œ
œ #
œ
œ
&
&
&
4
4
4
4
91
œ #
f
œ
œ #
œ #
‰
œ n
œ b
œ
j
œ
‰
œ #
œ
œ #
œ #
ƒ
3
3
3
œ
œ
œ
œ
b
fl
‰
J
œ
œ
>
Œ
œ
œ
œ
b
˘
?
Œ
.
˙ #
>
sempre f
∑
ã
w
œ
Sticks (2)
Snare drum
Kick drum
(snare on)
œ œ œ œ œ œ
.
œ
J
œ
Œ
œ
˙
˙
˙œ œ œ œ
œ
Œ
.
œ
J
œ
&
ã
4
1
4
1
4
3
4
3
95
˙
œ b
>
œ
œ
œ b
œ
.
‰J
œ
>
ƒ sempre
5
œ œ œ œ
>
Rim shot
ß
Œ
Œ
œ
œ
∑
a bit faster [q=108]
. ˙
œ
f
œ
>
œœ œœœ œ
>
æ
.
œ œ œ œ œ
. ˙
œœ
>
œœ œœœ œ
>
æ
.
œ œ œ œ œ
. ˙
œœ
>
œœ œœœ œ
>
æ
.
œ œ œ œ œ
˙
J
œ
‰
˙
æ
J
œ
˘
ß
Tom-tom (M)
‰
8
&
ã
101
Œ
œ
œ
œ b
˙
∑
œ b
œ
œ n
œ b
œ
J
œ
‰
ŒŒ
j
œ
˘ ˘
Woodblock
Roto-tom (L)
ß
‰
J
œ
fl
œ #
œ
œ
œ
œ . œ
œ
œ
5
∑
œ
œ
œ œ
j
œ
.
‰
ŒŒ
j
œ
ß
‰
J
œ
fi
fl
˘
Woodblock
Sus. Cym.
&
ã
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
3
rit.
105
œ b
>
œ
œ b
œ
œ
>
œ
œ
œ œ
3
3
∑
œ œ
.
Œ
œ
œ
‰
j
œ
fi
˘
fl
Triangle
Roto-tom (H)
ß
ŒŒ
J
œ
œ
œ b
œ
œ #
.
œ
portamento
œ #
p
œ
U ,
3
∑
&
ã
4
3
4
3
rit. [q=54] A tempo [q=90]
108
. ˙ #
f
œ
f
Snare drum
Kick drum
œ
>
œ œ œœ œ œ
>
æ
.
œ œ œ œ œ
. ˙
œœ
>
œœ œ œœ œ
>
æ
.
œ œ œ œ œ
.
˙ #
œ œ
>
œ œ œœ œ œ
>
æ
.
œ œ œ œ œ
.
˙
p
œœ
>
œœ œ œœ œ
>
æ
.
œ œ œ œ œ
∑
œ
p
œ
>
œœ œœœ œ
>
æ
.
œ œ œ œ œ
ã
ã
4
4
4
4
113
œ œ
>
‰Œ
to Cord mallets (4)
Œ
.
œ œ œ œ œ
∑
.
œ œ œ œ œ
∑
œ ˙
∑
.
˙
∏
&
∑
?
Œ
Molto espressivo con rubato [q=c72]
œ
œ
œ
œ b
œ
œ
b
b
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ œ œ
Marimba
ƒ
œ
œ
œ b
ŒÓ
&
?
4
3
4
3
118
œ b
œ
œ
b
b
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
b
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
b
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ b
œ
œ
œ
∑
œ b
F
œ
œ
œ b
œ
œ
œ b
œ b
œ
Ó
3
Ó
œ
œ b
œ
œ b
œ
ƒ
œ
œ b
œ
œ
3
6
Ó ‰
œ
œ
I
>
J
œ
œ b
b
I
>
‰
œ
f
œ
sempre
œ b
œ
œ
œ
˙
˙
æ
>
3
9
&
?
4
3
4
3
4
4
4
4
121
J
œ
œ
.
.
œ
œ
æ
>
œ
œ
æ
˙
˙ b
æ
>
Œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ b
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ b
œ b
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ b
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ b
œ b
œ
Ó
œ
œ
œ
œ b
œ
ƒ
œ
œ
œ
œ
,
6
&
?
4
5
4
5
4
4
4
4
124
Œ
œ
œ
œ b
œ
‰
œ
œ
>
J
œ
œ b
b
>
œ
f
œ
sempre
œ
œ b
Œ
˙
˙
æ
>
J
œ
œ
.
.
œ
œ
æ
>
J
œ
œ
æ
‰
œ
œ
œ
œ b
œ
œ
˙
˙
b
æ
>
Ó
œ b
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ b
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ b
œ
œ
œ
.
.
œ
œ
b
Ï
&4
4
127
œ
π sub.
œ #
œ
œ #
œ
œ #
œ
œ #
˙
˙
æ
catabile
˙
˙
æ
œ
œ
#
#
æ
œ
œ #
æ
œ
œ #
#
æ
˙
˙
æ
3
œ
œ
#
æ
œ #
æ
3
œ
œ b
œ b
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ b
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ b
œ
œ
&
&
?
Ÿ~~~
130
∑
∑
œ b
œ
œ
œ œ
œ b
œ
œ
œ
œ b
>
ç
Œ
5
˙ #
(elegant with strength)
f
Wide and deep [q=c60]
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
3
Yi
œ
œ
œ
Roto-toms (2)
Snare drum
Tom-toms (2)
œ
œ
Ó
5
œ œœ
Timpano
f
œ
Sus. Cym.
ŒÓ
.
œ
œ
œ
œ
.
œ #
J
œ œ
œ #
3
wen di di di
∑
Œ
˙
˙
æ
ƒ
Marimba œ
œ
æ
˙
æ
œ
æ
10
&
&
?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
133 ˙ œ #
>
Scat
œ
œ
œ œ
œ
>
œ
œ #
œ œ
œ
>
œ
œ
œ #
œ
œ
œ
œ #
œ
œ
œ
œ #
œ
œ
#
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
.
.
œ
œ
#
>
œ
œ
>
œ
œ
œ
œ
#
>
6
6
Ó
˙
˙
œ œ
œ #
œ
œ œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ # œ
p
œ
U
3
yan shu
˙
˙
p
Ó
˙
˙ #
Ó
&
&
?
Ped.
135
Œ
œ
P
œ
œ
œ
˙
3
Zai ting
œ
l.v.
Sus. Cym.
P
ŒÓ
w b
æ
Timpano
P
œ .
œ œ
œ # œ
œ #
po hun fan
∑
œ N
l.v.
π
ŒÓ
.
˙ #
Œ
π
œ #
p
œ
œœ
œœ
œ # œ
œœ
œœ
˙
6
6
∑
œ
œ
Marimba
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
secco.
F
6
6
6
&
&
139
Œ‰
œ #
P
œ œ
œ
œ
Jing xi sui
œ
>
œ #
œ #
. ˙ #
> .
˙ #
œ #
œ .
œ ˙
bu mei
w #
w #
p
Œ‰
J
œ
F
œ #
œ œ
œ
œ
xin tin
œ #
>
f
œ
œ #
.
.
˙
˙
#
æ
p
. ˙ #
æ
&
&
4
3
4
3
142
œ #
œ
œ
œ #
œ
œ
œ # œ
U
f
3
ju xio ran
∑
ã
Nán mò che ma dòng xi lín ge chui fán
Œ
[q=92]
Œ
fƒ
œ
X
X
U
Snare drum
Kick drum
∏
œ
>
œ œ œ œ œ œ
>
æ
.
œ œ œ œ œ
11
ã4
3
4
4
144
œ œ
æ
œ œ
>
œ
>
Œ
œ œ œ
œ œ
æ
œ œ
>
œ
>
Œ
œ œ œ
.
˙
l.v.
Ï
[q=60]
.
˙
Bamboo wind chimes
Sus. Cym.
l.v.
∑
U
G.P.
?
&
?
Ped.
148
Œ
œ
P
œ
œ œ
œ œ
3
Shei zhi
.
.
˙
˙
æ
Marimba
Í
Œ
π
.
.
˙
˙
æ
&
œ
F
œ
. œ œ
œ
œ
j
œ
p
‰
zi yan xia
.
.
œ
œ
æ
p
j
œ
æ
F
œ
æ
‰
p
j
œ
>
l.v.
F
Vibraphone
.
.
œ
œ
æ
œ
>
Í
œ #
œ
œ
œ #
œ #
. œ
J
œ
œ
J
œ
5
man er bu
Ó ˙
æ
Sus. Cym.
π
ã
&
ã
rit. a tempo
151
œ #
œ #
œ
J
œ
œ # œ
F
Œ
3 3
wei
˙
æ
l.v.
F
Ó
w #
ßπ
xuan
∑
w
∑
J
œ
.
F
‰Œ Ó
w
Triangle
l.v.
F
12
13
II. Qin
Text by LI Bai Alan Chan
PREPARATIONS
Vibraphone: Hold pedal throughout the movement by applying a block. Let notes
vibrate for notes unless a dead stroke or dampen sign is indicated.
Roto-toms: Loosen the skin of both drums completely just below the lowest perceivable
pitch, so it has a smashing sound quality.
The screw of the suspended cymbal near the timpani can be omitted so it may be easily
removed for the placement on timpani at m.92.
Snare drum: snare off
Timpano tuning:
PERFORMANCE NOTES
Wire brush on timpani (m.37): arrow down = dead stroke, arrow up = scratch outward
and release.
&
?
ã
4
3
4
3
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
Voice
Perc.
[q=50]
∑
œ #
.
hit center
Timpano
p
Beater
ŒŒ
œ
Tam tam
l.v.
p
Fist
ŒŒ
∑
œ #
P
‰
j
œ
Tom-toms
Œ≈
.
J
œ
F
ã
œ
P
l.v.
‰
.
œ
Sus. Cym.
Mallet
l.v.
≈
.
J
œ
F
l.v.
∑
œ
>
Snare drum
Œ
-
Roto-toms (2)
F
-
≈
.
-
>
f
-
>
?
œ
Bamboo wind chimes
l.v.
?
4
Œ
-
F
-
≈
.
-
>
f
-
>
-
æ
>
- - - - - - - - . - -
p
Œ
53
-
U
æ
glissandi: vocalist rotates until m.12
œ }
æ
F
5
3
gliss.
gliss.
?
4
3
7
.
œ
p
Œ
-
æ
œ }
F
œ #
p
Œ
œ
F
Œ
l.v.
Œ
œ #
œ }
R
œ
p
r
œ
>
l.v.
‰Œ Œ
gliss.
gliss.
gliss.
&
?
?
4
4
4
4
10
ŒŒ
œ #
F
. œ #
Zhi
˙
˙
>
æ
f
Marimba
Œ
p
l.v.
œ #
>
l.v.
f
Timpano
œ }
ŒŒ
. œ
j
œ
P
˙
qin
Ó
.
œ
>
F
Roto-toms (L)
j
œ #
}
ã
œ
œ
œ #
œ #
F
ŒÓ
Ó Œj
œ
œ
œ
œ
3 3
ã
Œ
œ
Hands
Roto-toms (2)
Tom-toms (2)
œ
œ Snare drum
œ
œ
ŒŒ
5
gliss.
14
II. Qin
Alan Chan
Text by Bai Juyi
&
ã
4
3
4
3
[q=32] accel. [q=72]
cresc.
13
œ
>
Íp
œ
œ
œ
œ #
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
5
qu
‰≈
R
œ
l.v.
P
Mallet
œ
l.v.
Siz. Cym.
Sus. Cym.
?
&
?
4
3
4
3
A tempo [q=50]
14
œ
F
œ # ˙
ji
.
.
.
.
œ
œ
œ
œ
#
#
æ
Marimba
F
Hard mallets (4)
œ
œ
>
ç
œ
œ
>
Œ
œ
œ
f
œ n
œ œ
,
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
. œ
shang [a] [a]
J
œ
œ
>
æ
l.v.
f
‰Œ
œ
œ
>
Vibraphone
P
&
œ #
>
l.v.
f
Timpano
œ }
. ˙
P
˙
p
Œ
gliss. gliss.
& 4
2
4
4
√
17
œ
Marimba
π
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ b
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
6
?
œ
f
œ
œ
œ #
œ #
œ
œ
œ #
œ
œ
#
œ
&
?
4
4
4
4
19
œ #
F sempre
J
œ
œ
œ
>
œ
œ #
. œ
yong [o]
w
w
#
P
w #
œ #
. œ # œ
œ
p
sub.
œ
œ n
œ n
œ
3
zuo dan
œ #
œ #
œ
œ
#
#
œ
œ #
œ
œ
œ #
œ #
œ
œ
#
œ #
œ
œ
#
œ
f
≈
œ
œ
p
sub.
œ n
œ n
œ n
œ
œ
œ n
œ
œ n
œ n
œ
œ n
œ
œ n
œ n
œ
œ
6
6
&
?
15
&
?
21
œ
F
œ
œ
œ
≈
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ .
œ Œ
han [a] [a]
˙
æ
F
œ
œ
p
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
F
33
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
.
œ
œ
œ
œ #
.
œ
,
œ
œ
œ
œ #
3
qing [i] [e]
‰
œ
œ
œ
>
œ
œ
>
Œ
œ
œ
#
æ
>
Œ
f
3
&
?
?
4
2
4
2
4
4
4
4
23
˙
˙ #
˙
π
senza vibr.
3
[a]
˙
˙
>
æ
ç
Œ
p
l.v.
œ #
>
l.v.
f
Timpano
œ }
Œ
˙
∑
ã
w
.
œ
> Superball mallets (2)
Roto-toms (2)
Snare drum
Tom-toms (2)
F
(bounce on head)
[q=72]
œ
>
œ
‰
.
œ
*)
∑
Œ
œ
Œ
f
œ
>
‰
J
œ œ‰ œ
>
‰
∑
∑
w
Siz. Cym.
l.v.
F
ã
28
.
œ
æ
Hands / fingers
‰
.
œ
æ
‰
‰
.
p
R
œ
æ
œ
æ
‰
œ
æ
‰
Œ
j
œ
>
F
œ
>
j
œ
>
3
3
œ
æ
P
œ
æ
œ
æ
œ
æ
˙
æ
Œ
j
œ
>
F
œ
>
j
œ
>
æ
ß
3 3
œ
æ
P
œ
æ
œ
æ
œ
æ
˙
æ
ã
31
œ
æ
œ
p
œ œ
>
F
œ
œ
œ
œ
Œ
J
œ
5
3
œ
>
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
≈œ
œ
≈
J
œ
>
æ
œ
æ
œ
>
œ
œ
œ
œ
f
6
3
3
6
ã
33
œ
>
RH take wire brush
ß
œ
P
œ œ œ œ œ
¿
(x noteheads: RH)
¿
œ œ
¿ ¿
œ œ
¿
œ
¿
œ
¿
œ
¿
œ ¿
œ
¿
œ
¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
6
6
16
*) Cresendo-bounce can be achieved through
increasing pressure
ã
35
¿
œ
¿
œ
¿
œ
¿
œ
¿
œ
¿ ¿
LH take wire brush
¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
6
3
œ
Wire brushes (2)
(regular sticking)
œ
œ
œ
œ
j
œ
œ
æ
>
j
œ
æ
>
œ
œ
œ
f
‰
5
3
ã
?
~~~~
37
∑
˙
æ
f
Timpano
j
œ
¿
fl
dead stroke
‰
œ
>
l.v.
œ }
œ
œ
˙
æ
œ
¿
˘
œ
p
œ
J
œ
˘
.
œ
æ
J
œ
˘
œ
æ
J
œ
>
F
?
gliss.
gliss.
?
ã
4
2
4
2
4
4
4
4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[q=92]
40
Œ
Marimba
RH take cord mallet
‰
j
œ
¿
fl
f
Œ
j
œ
¿
fl
‰
œ
(F )
(wire brush in circular motion)
Snare drum (cont')
œ œ œ
‰
j
œ
¿
fl
Œj
œ #
¿
fl
‰
œ #
>
j
œ
>
3
œ œ œ œ
j
œ
œ
>
j
œ #
¿
fl
‰‰
j
œ
¿
fl
Œ
3
œŒ
LH change to cord mallet
Ó
j
œ #
¿
fl
‰Œ
&
∑
&
ã
4
4
4
4
√
44
Ó
.
œ
>
F
Cord mallets (2)
œ œ
œ
f
œ
œ
≈
œ
œ
p
3
3
œ
>
Slap sticks
Kick drum
ß
l.v.
Bamboo
Œ
œ
œ
Œ
≈
œ
œ
>
f
œ
>
œ #
œ #
œ
P
r
œ
œ #
F sempre
œ #
œ
œ
≈
.
J
œ
p
3
6
œ
P
r
œ
œ œ
œœ
œ b
π
Œ
3
&
&
(√)
47
∑
r
œ b œ
F
ŒÓ
ã
Ó
œ #
>
. œ
œ
>
. œ
He fan
œ
Woodblock (M)
F
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ
Sus. Cym.
(close to center)
œ œ œ
œ
>
œ b
œ œ
œ
>
œ
œ
gu hui
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ œ œ œ
œ
>
œ
œ
œ b
.
˙
nong
œ œ œ œ
> >
l.v.
Ó
œœ œ
>
17
&
ã
51
∑
˙
æ
>
Roto-toms (2)
Snare drum
Tom-toms (2)
Í
œ
f
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
Kick drum
œ
Ó
Ó
He
œ
œ
œ
œ
.
.
œ
œ
>
Ó
¿ . Ó
fan
œ œ b
œ œ b
œ ˙
3
gu hui nong
œ Timp. (on shell)
Sus. Cym.
(close to center)
F
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
33 3 3
œ œ œ œ œ œ
3 3
~~~~~~~~~~
ã
55
œ œ œ œ œ œ
>
l.v.
Ó
33
œ œœ œ
>
3
˙
æ
>
Roto-toms (2)
Snare drum
Tom-toms (2)
Í
œ
f
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
Kick drum
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
.
.
œ
œ
>
Ó
?
&
?
ã
16
5
16
5
16
6
16
6
58
Œ
˙
f
œ
He fan
.
œ
Timpano
ƒ
j
œ #
l.v.
œ } œ
.
œ
l.v.
œ
Sus. Cym.
(close to center)
ƒ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ . ˙
gu
‰≈ r
œ #
>
œ }
Cord mallets (3)
l.v.
Ó
œ œ œ œ
>
l.v.
J
œ
‰Œ Ó
j
œ
¿
Marimba
ç
‰Œ Ó
&
œ
>
f
œ
œ
œ
œ
hui
.
.
J
œ
œ
æ
>
f
‰
&
&
16
6
16
6
16
5
16
5
16
6
16
6
16
5
16
5
62
.
J
œ
˘
œ
œ
nong [o]
œ
œ
œ
>
œ
œ
œ
>
œ
œ
œ
>
≈
j
œ
œ
œ
>
œ
>
œ
œ
œ
œ
hui
.
.
J
œ
œ
æ
>
‰
.
J
œ
˘
œ
œ
nong [o]
œ
œ
œ
>
œ
œ
œ
>
œ
œ
œ
>
≈
j
œ
œ
œ
>
œ
>
œ
œ
œ
J
œ
.
hui
œ
œ
>
‰
18
&
&
16
5
16
5
16
7
16
7
16
5
16
5
16
7
16
7
66
œ
>
œ
œ
œ
œ
hui
.
.
j
œ
œ
æ
‰
J
œ
˘
œ
œ
nong [o]
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
≈j
œ
œ
œ
œ
>
œ
œ
œ
.
J
œ
˘
hui nong
œ
œ
œ
.
.
.
J
œ
œ
œ
œ
>
œ
œ
J
œ
˘ œ
>
œ
hui hui
.
.
J
œ
œ
‰
j
œ
>
Vibraphone
œ
>
œ
œ
œ
œ
hui
œ
>
≈
gliss.
&
&
16
7
16
7
16
5
16
5
16
5
16
6
16
6
16
6
16
5
16
5
16
5
16
7
16
7
16
7
16
5
16
5
16
5
71
œ
˘
œ
œ
.
nong [o]
œ
œ
æ
≈
j
œ
œ
¿
dead stroke
ã
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
hui
œ
œ
œ
Temple bowl
≈
J
œ
˘
œ
œ
.
≈
nong [o]
.
.
J
œ
œ
J
œ
œ
≈
‰
.
‰
.
J
œ
˘
œ
œ
.
nong [o]
.
.
J
œ
œ
J
œ
œ
‰
.
‰
.
J
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
hui
‰
.
‰
.
r
œ
œ
œ
Sus. Cym.
Brake drum
f
œ
œ
Temple bowl
‰
l.v.
‰
&
&
ã
16
5
16
5
16
5
16
9
16
9
16
9
16
5
16
5
16
5
16
9
16
9
16
9
16
5
16
5
16
5
76
J
œ
˘
œ
œ
.
nong [o]
j
œ
œ
‰
.
‰‰
.
œ œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
hui
∑
œ
œ
œ
l.v.
‰‰
.
J
œ
˘
œ
œ
.
nong [o]
∑
‰‰
.
J
œ
˘
œ
œ
.
nong [o]
∑
ã
‰‰
.
?
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
hui
Œ
r
œ
Snare drum
Tom-toms (2)
F
œ œ œ
Timpano
f
œ
Sus. Cym.
&
ã
?
16
5
16
5
16
5
16
9
16
9
16
9
16
5
16
5
16
5
81
J
œ
˘
œ
œ
œ
nong [o]
J
œ
œ
œ
‰‰
.
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
j
œ
.
≈
Œ‰‰
.
Œ‰‰
.
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
hui
Œ
r
œ
F
œ œ œ
f
œ
19
&
ã
16
5
16
5
16
6
16
6
16
7
16
7
4
4
4
4
84
J
œ
˘
œ
œ
.
nong [o]
J
œ
œ
œ
œ
>
œ
œ
>
œ
nong [o]
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
˘
œ
œ
.
nong [o]
œ
œ
œ
œ
>
œ œ
nong
œ
œ Œ
&
ã
?
4
4
4
4
4
4
h
q
[q=50]
88
Ó r
œ #
˙
hui
œ
> l.v.
ç
Bamboo wind chimes
Kick drum
Slap sticks
ŒÓ
œ
œ
>
ŒÓ
Œ
œ
æ
>
Í
˙
æ
r
œ
Ó
nong
Œ‰
.
œ b
Vibraphone
F
œ b
&
œ #
fi
.
ƒ
œ
Sus. Cym.
l.v.
‰
J
œ
Tam tam
l.v.
ã
Ó
œ b
œ
œ
œ
œ b
œ b
œ
œ
œ
œ b
ƒ
≈‰
œ
U
>
œ
Temple bowl
Brake drum
Sus. Cym.
f
œ
œ
3
ã
gliss.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
gliss.
&
ã
91
∑
U
∑
U
Place cymbal on timpani
?
w
feng
Ó
¬
Cym. on timpani
arco.
p
P
Bow (1)
(pedal)
œ
œ
œ #
œ # œ
œ
>
œ
œ
œ
>
œ
œ œ
eng eng
&
?
4
3
4
3
94
œ #
œ #
œ #
œ # .
˙
3
eng
.
¬
l.v.
p F
∑
Ó ˙
Siz. Cym.
l.v.
Hand
F
∑
∑
&
Ó ˙
Tam tam
l.v.
Fist
p
∑
j
œ
Vibraphone
arco.
l.v.
P
‰
j
œ
l.v.
‰Œ
20
&
&
4
4
4
4
[q=50] accel. [q=50]
[q=72] rit.
98
œ
>
Í
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
∏
xian
œ #
p
Marimba Bows (2)
&
&
4
4
4
4
99
∑
œ #
Œ
œ n
œ
œ
n
‰
j
œ
œ
>
Ó
˙ #
p
zi
j
œ
f
‰Œ
˙
F
Ó
p
œ œ n
œ œ b
œ . œ
œ # œ n
F
you
∑
& 4
6
4
6
4
4
4
4
102
.
˙
port.
J
œ
.
π
‰
ã
.
w
f sempre
sheng
œ
Timp. (on shell)
Sus. Cym.
(close to center)
Cord mallets (2)
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
>
œ
>
choke!
œ
p
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
fi
>
f
&
ã
4
4
4
4
√
104
w
p sub.
senza vibr.
∑
&
[q=100]
J
œ
.
‰Œ Ó
Ó
.
œ
>
F
Marimba
œ œ
œ
f
œ
œ
≈
œ
œ
p
3
3
œ
>
Bamboo wind chimes
Slap sticks
Kick drum
ß
Œ
œ
œ
Œ
∑
≈
œ
œ
>
f
œ
>
œ #
œ #
œ
P
r
œ
œ #
F sempre
œ #
œ
œ
≈
.
J
œ
p
3
6
∑
œ
P
r
œ
œ œ
œœ
œ b
π
Œ
3
∑
U
œ b
ŒÓ
U
21
22
III. Ting Qin
(Listening to the Qin)
Text by LI Bai Alan Chan
INTRODUCTION
During this movement, both the vocalist and the percussion player will be
walking around the stage according to the diagrams below. Each number represents the
cues coordinate with the score. A list of cues describes the actions within each cue.
Notation for this movement is partly metered and partly not metered. When it is not
metered, an X would be placed on the staff which means “without key signature.” The
vocalist will also be carrying a hard mallet to play certain percussion instruments along
the trajectory. Although memorizing the music is highly preferred, it is also possible to
place part of the music in various locations as desired.
PREPARATIONS
10” Roto-tom tuning:
Timpano tuning:
23
PERFORMANCE NOTES
The duration of notes without stems is undetermined. It can be decided by the performer
according to the scoring (space between notes), interaction and energy during the
performance.
Music stand is played by the handle of mallet, and on the top edge of the stand only.
Scratch left and right with the handle.
Bounce handle against the top edge of the stand. Slide the mallet from the
middle to the bottom of handle with a press to obtain the maximum bounce.
24
DIAGRAMS
Cue 1 to 7 _
Cue 7 to 13 _
25
Cue 13 to the end
26
CUES
1 – Percussionist, with a pair of mallets in one hand and a maraca in the other,
begins the first gesture.
– Vocalist, who is in the original position from II and holding a hard mallet,
responds to this gesture by slowly turning her face, then her body away from the
audience and begins to walk slowly in the way indicated on the road map.
Notes: The vocalist should hold the mallet in an elegant manner, and stay in
the same position unless it is used to play the percussion instruments. The
mallet should appear to integrate with the vocalist’s body.
– Vocalist starts to sing once she is on the third step (still facing mostly against
the audience)
2 – Vibraphone gesture follows not long after the soprano starts singing.
Empty measure: no more than 3 seconds and keep walking.
3 – Vocalist scratches the top edge of music stand with the mallet handle.
– Percussionist places maraca on timpani skin, then strike timpani head using
mallet, a bouncing sound should occur between timpani skin and maraca.
4 – Cymbal interactions between singer and percussionist, maraca stops.
5 – Brake drum vs. woodblock, maraca again, followed by temple bowl
6 – Music stand, then small roto-tom (10”)
7 – High pitch vibraphone + triangle, strike pretty much at the same time.
8–10 – Vocalist: Accelerate walking starting from 7 . 8 and 9 are quick glissandi
of the vibraphone and marimba. 10 has the fastest motion, and after striking the
drums and cymbals, the pace of walking is slower again (like bouncing from the
ground).
– Following 7 , percussionist walks according to the chart (in circular motion),
while singer plays 7 through 9 . Vocalist and percussionist should move in the
same pace.
10 – Following by the circular path, the maraca serves as the accompaniment of the
vocalist.
11 – Vocalist hits tam tam.
Empty measure: no more than 3 seconds and keep walking.
27
12 – Cymbal interactions
13 – Brake drum vs. woodblock, no maraca or temple bowl.
14 – Both start to accelerate again. Percussionist grabs mallets for the next passage.
Soprano hits the bamboo wind chimes and walks towards the front stage, then
walks back to the original position (behind the music stand).
&
&
ã
Voice
Perc.
~~~~~~
Ped.
[q =60]
pick up mallet / turn body against audience / start walking / third step
œ
œ
b
b
>
X
X
ç
Marimba
Hard mallets (2) (RH)
1
œ
œ
>
‰
.
œ
œ
>
j
œ
œ
.
p
‰
œ
F
.
œ b
‰‰
œ
f
. œ b
œ
X
P
Maraca (LH)
(freely alternate between
circular motion and tremolo)
œ
æ
œ
F
Hard mallet (1)
œ b
œ
Shu seng
œ
œ
p
2
Vibraphone
œ
œ
l.v.
œ
P
l.v.
gliss.
gliss.
&
&
ã
œ
p
œ œ b
œ œ b
F
bao
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
F
l.v.
Œ
œ n
>
Í
norm.
œ
œ
>
ß
f sub.
œ b
lu qi
œ
>
œ
œ
f
secco.
œ
œ #
Œ
œ
>
ß
. œ œ
œ n
>
ç
œ
œ
>
gliss.
28
III. Ting Qin
(Listening to Qin)
Alan Chan
Text by BAI Juyi
&
ã
Ÿ~~~~~~~~~~~
œ
Íp
π
œ #
( )
œ #
,
>
ç
xi xia
ã
?
œ
Top edge of Music Stand
mallet handle
3
f
œœ
Œ
œ
p
Timpano
(press maraca on the skin of timpano
to obtain bouncing sound)
Œœ
( )
œœœ
Œ
œ
f
ã
Œœ
( )
~~~~~~~~~~
&
ã
ã
ã
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
7
8
7
8
7
4
3
4
3
4
3
~~~~
vowel change
œ
P
œ #
œ
e
œ Œ
œ
f
œ
æ
P
R
œ
œ
J
œ
œ
mei feng
J
œ
4
f
‰Œ Ó
[o]
‰
J
œ
Sus. Cym.
p
mallet head
‰
l.v.
J
œŒ
l.v.
œ
l.v.
F
R
œ
ß
Sus. Cym.
‰
.
choke!
ŒŒ ≈
R
œ
choke!
ç
‰
¿
>
(amused)
Ó
J
¿
˘
ß
Wei wo yi
∑
∑
gliss.
gliss.
&
ã
ã
4
3
4
3
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
3
∑
œ
>
Brake drum
f
5
..
œ
>
‰
J
œ
¿
.
ß
‰
J
œ
Temple bowl
l.v.
F
‰œ
>
Woodblock
f
.
œ
>
‰
J
œ
¿
.
ß
Œ
¿
>
ç
‰
¿
>
Í
¿
>
J
¿
>
33
yi yi yi hui
∑
‰
J
œ
>
ß
‰Œ Ó
3
&
¿
6
¿
.
¿
‰
shou
œ
Top edge of Music Stand
mallet handle
œœ‰œœœ‰Ó
ŒŒ
œ
Roto-tom (10")
p
œ
F
œ
p
~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
gliss.
gliss.
29
&
&
4
3
4
3
4
2
4
2
4
2
¿
j
¿
3
hui shou
Œ
œ
ƒ
œ
p
≈Œ
¿
j
¿
3
hui shou
∑
ã
∑
J
œ b
>
ß
Vibraphone
7
mallet head
‰Œ
J
œ
˘
ß
‰Œ
Œ
¿
ru
J
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32
Abstract (if available)
Abstract
Qin is a seven-string zither of Chinese origin with a history of more than five thousand years. It was an instrument played by the aristocrats and intellectuals in ancient China. Although the music for qin is often pre-composed, the interpretation of the music is highly individualistic and often involves some improvisation. Intellectuals used it as an outlet for meditation.
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University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses
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Asset Metadata
Creator
Chan, Alan
(author)
Core Title
Qin -- three songs about nature for voice and percussion
School
Thornton School of Music
Degree
Doctor of Musical Arts
Degree Program
Composition
Publication Date
12/05/2008
Defense Date
10/29/2008
Publisher
University of Southern California
(original),
University of Southern California. Libraries
(digital)
Tag
Bai Ju Yi,Chinese literature,Chinese zither,Jazz,Li Bai,Mandarin Chinese,OAI-PMH Harvest,percussion music,Qin,scat singing,Tang dynasty,Vocal music
Language
English
Contributor
Electronically uploaded by the author
(provenance)
Advisor
Crockett, Donald (
committee chair
), Head, Brian (
committee member
), Ticheli, Frank P. (
committee member
)
Creator Email
alanc@usc.edu,info@alanchanmusic.com
Permanent Link (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.25549/usctheses-m1881
Unique identifier
UC1382541
Identifier
etd-Chan-2554 (filename),usctheses-m40 (legacy collection record id),usctheses-c127-129366 (legacy record id),usctheses-m1881 (legacy record id)
Legacy Identifier
etd-Chan-2554.pdf
Dmrecord
129366
Document Type
Dissertation
Rights
Chan, Alan
Type
texts
Source
University of Southern California
(contributing entity),
University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses
(collection)
Repository Name
Libraries, University of Southern California
Repository Location
Los Angeles, California
Repository Email
cisadmin@lib.usc.edu
Tags
Bai Ju Yi
Chinese literature
Chinese zither
Li Bai
Mandarin Chinese
percussion music
Qin
scat singing
Tang dynasty