The migration, book excerpt

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Excerpt (p. 46) from "The migration" chapter in an unidentified book: "Russian authorities both cut the flow of Armenians to Russia..." -- first line. In English (1 page).

Asset Metadata

Title The migration, book excerpt

Tags OAI-PMH Harvest

Type texts

Format 1 page (extent)

Language English

Source 20230913-dadrian-eskijian (batch), Hovhannes Eskijian Archival Materials (subcollection), University of Southern California (contributing entity), Vahakn Dadrian Papers (collection)

Repository Email specol@lib.usc.edu (digital); eskijian@ararat-eskijian-museum.com (original)

Repository Name USC Libraries Special Collections (digital); Ararat-Eskijian Museum (physical)

Repository Location Doheny Memorial Library, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0189 (digital); 15105 Mission Hills Road, Mission Hills, CA 91345 (physical)

Access Conditions The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by USC Libraries, but we are unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to USC Special Collections for more information. USC does not own or control any copyright rights with respect to this item. However, responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.

Identifier dadrian-eskijian-033-lg-001.jpg (filename)

IIIF ID [Document.IIIFV3ID]

Unique identifier UC113373276

Legacy Identifier dadrian-eskijian-033-lg-001

Type Image

Internet Media Type image/jpeg

Resolution 17.1 in × 21.6 in at 300dpi
43.4 cm × 55.0 cm at 300dpi

Transcript (If available)

Content 46 ‘THE MIGRATION

Russian authorities both cut the flow of Armenians to Russia by
granting permits only to those crossing for temporary visits.°?

Meanwhile, flight from Kharpert to America sharply increased.
Thus in 1690 “The native [Protestant] pastorate has . . . diminished
. +. the exodus to America during this year being greater than ever"
In 1891 “the Armenian emigration to America is nowhere more pro-
nounced than from this station”; in 1893: "A very large number of
Armenians from the Kharpert region have emigrated within the last,
few years.”"53

Then abruptly, in mid-1892, the Turkish government interdicted
all movement of Armenians, especially from Kharpert, to America
by curtailing the issuance of teskeres (travel permits to the coast).
The authorities also compelled Armenians at the coast to take Turk-
ish steamers through the Black Sea to Constantinople. Prospective
Armenian immigrants who had been smuggled on board European
vessels were arrested, imprisoned, and beaten. Consequently, emi-
gration to America plummeted in 1893 and 1894."

The Massacres. All of this activity was merely a prelude to the
devastating pogroms that ripped through the Turkish interior from
1894 to 1896.*° These outrages began in the rugged mountains of
Sasun in August 1894 when Kurdish and Turkish troops with artil-
lery were mustered to quell a Hnchagist insurrection. The Turks
destroyed the surrounding villages as well as the uprising, and in
short order they massacred 10,000 Armenians in retaliation.** There-
upon, beginning in August 1895, the Turks instituted premeditated
‘massacres in every major Armenian town and city in Turkey — from
the Bosphorus to the Caspian Sea. At Trebizond in October 1895 a
missionary reported that "500 to 800 Armenians were shot in broad
daylight without provocation and in utter cold blood by the Muslim
populace whom the Governor did nothing to restrain.” In 1895 and
again in 1896, in the very capital of Constantinople, over 6,000
innocent Armenians were butchered in the streets. New massacres
took place in succession at Erzinga, Baiburt, Bitlis, Erzoru
Diarbekir, Malatia, Kharpert, Sivas, Amasia, Marsovan,
ash, Caesaria, Urfa and their surrounding villages to “the number of
2,500" villages. Armenians from Constantinople to Van reeled from
the blows.** In all, by late 1896, when the last bugle calling for jihad
(Holy War) had sounded, about 100,000 Turkish Armenians had been
slain and upwards of half a million had been made homeless and
“robbed of all their worldly goods."*?

As before, Russia became the great receiving station of the sur-
vivors from the northern provinces. Some 60,000 Armenians fled
across the frontier, often on foot during the dead of winter, to escape
“further massacres or arrest."®° Major ports like Smyrna, untouched

LE

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Inherited Values

Title Early life story of Naomi Ouzounian, 1982

Alternative Title Important Testimony of Naomie Ouzounian (supplied title)

Description Two documents mostly relating to the early life story (ca. 1913-1916) of Naomi Ouzounian:

Excerpt (p. 46) from "The migration" chapter in an unidentified book: "Russian authorities both cut the flow of Armenians to Russia..." -- first line. In English (1 page).

Naomi Ouzounian, 44 North Greenwood, Palatine, Illinois, USA, letter, 1982 April 24, to Luther Eskijian. Handwritten (1 page) in English. "It would take someone more talented in the art of writing..." first line.

An account of Naomi Ouzounian's struggles in Syria and Turkey during World War I and Hovhaness Eskijian's aid to her and her family. Typewritten (12 pages) in English. "There was a time in my life when I did not hope to live to become eighteen." -- first line.

Subject Eskijian, Hovhannes, 1882-1916 (personal name), Ouzounian, Naomi (personal name)

Coverage Spatial 44 North Greenwood (roadways), Aleppo (cities), Asia (continents), Der-El-Zor (cities), Illinois (states), North America (continents), Palatine (cities), Syria (countries), Turkey (countries), USA (countries)

Coverage Temporal 1913/1916

Inherited Subject Eskijian, Hovhannes, 1882-1916 (personal name), Ouzounian, Naomi (personal name)

Repository Email specol@lib.usc.edu (digital); eskijian@ararat-eskijian-museum.com (original)

Repository Name USC Libraries Special Collections (digital); Ararat-Eskijian Museum (physical)

Repository Location Doheny Memorial Library, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0189 (digital); 15105 Mission Hills Road, Mission Hills, CA 91345 (physical)

Date Created 1982-04-24

Creator Ouzounian, Naomi (writer)

Contributor Ararat-Eskijian Museum (donor), Eskijian, Luther, 1913-2007 (recipient)

Publisher University of Southern California. Libraries (digital)

Type texts

Format 30 pages (extent), biographies (aat), correspondence (aat), letters (correspondence) (aat)

Internet Media Type multipart/related