University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses

Plans and principal engineering details of office and theatre building

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Plans and principal engineering details of office and theatre building

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Content PLANS AND PRINCIPAL ENt, IN ERittG DETAIL OF OFFICE AND THEATRE BUII,DING A Thesis resented tote Depa t ant of Civil ~nine ring Universit. o~ outh rn Cali~orn1a Degre or In a tial oft ir ah 1 r of t ci By forte c in Civi Frank Douglass Aid June 16, 1919 ~ n 1 e r ng • This thesis has been accepted by the Graduate Council in partial j'u/fill rnent of' the requirenzents /'or th d 'f!r of' Master of' Arts. The bueinaas sections o~ our lar er cities have become more and more congested due to the ~act that th various commercial e::1terpriaaa have grouped. t1"1emsel ve s into euc _ ce - tars because o~ the added facility thus aff red in the trans- (./ action of business. The mercantile establish! ents hav also so ght this center because more p 1 will b fo n in such congest d"st ict si ce it has b en f unr ~ood buain es olicy to loc 1 z the s pin o r ae a e .c n an pr ai , co eat n o hie r t t r 1 t b ti f a r C 1 vi , and pro e , 1 to. ver r 1 t te 1 i it, r r 0 1 8 88 • 1st it. Thie ha pro UC n t t th 1 B C t I B C f in 1 r l _ 7 in th h nd- e 1 n 1 a hi t 1 n 1 t n , a re n C 1 , - o re . b 11 1 1 epr a th co t 1 , but t a r 1 0 iti t t 8 1 t ict ; atari 1 'J acre ded tr ckage . the t f . c 1 t . t t . n t , 9 1 b fit inly ei th ic ma b provide 1 c ri 'i for tl10 tno s f people W' O rely upo the street c rs for loco. oti . • s In addition to thaae large general problems, but not lees interesting are tho a of the owners of real estate in such great oentere. Many owners have found their holdings increasing in value with ut bein able to erect and ge structures which are necessary 1 such 1 calities. uUCh individuals have seen the adv t~ o~ leas n th,ir hol ·n a to reapo a bla busine a en who h ve ma a the o er ti of office buildings a sp cial .I . The rent 1 'f uc ro nd a. adva ca year b pear, ece t ti n chan e in o r ti ig metho 1 e o 1 a e ol be . e t fur 1 h u ici t in com a up nth c it w ich u t be inv t • y la One ich t iv t ot r t in 1 lar eat et bli to a t ro wh r re t th t t cou ta ent •. i b tt V t, t t y 1 w r • r t t C a . • It 1 r t n arc t t B ' a t 1 vd>o n a , s r r t r r . t OU 1 er 10 er a f t Wlhth the vet ~ the small store at increa rte per square root, operat rs hav foun that t e rear cti ns of lots must b ade to yield adequate r venue if the 1 ase- 2 • hold estates be held as inve s t ments . This problem ha been ~aced by many men in different ways and with varying degrees of success. In addition to t h e above, the third to tenth floors of sucl1 buildings have gro r :9,dually darker because of the hei~ht o~ surro nding buildings until sue space has in any cases decreased in re tal value t such an extant that the r evenue from such sections h . eri usl th8eaten the whole inv stma tin large bui _inga. With the ~or on probe a in min I h v drawn loor pl ns o a. of ic a b in an attem t t - v re et s e o j cti e 1 ar o t e e n in of c l n n . e rea ] most 1 .n t et e r tw f , fisat,t r o -r 1 er am ing etor e ac ' t t n 11 t a ti ft e bui hie 1 t la rovi a n C t 0 erve 1 r · na el , t in UC n b r f to ee the 1 e co 0 t a u a o re t t t 0 a at 8 t e provid n ad it • 0 Wl 0 ce on th r o r the pr e of a t .. t p rt hie t r b f 1 ttle re tal ale t th et pac , t r in- th arni p w r of uc a cti a . aving ace - lished this, the theatre aectio 111 also rve t e furt r purp ae ~ provid gape . a ~ t 11 t court forte 1 w r flo re, aa wel l as better ventil ti • Some such arr a nent - is the only one which will provide a method of securing the necessary revenue fron: the oth'3rwise dark apace. While tl1 main builrt.ing in such cases should be sixteen to twenty stories in height, I have designed for twelve stories and continued the tower to the thirty-second floor, because of lac k of time for preparatio of drawin a and because the calcua ti na are in mot rts only r ep tit ns except ~ob the co umn 1 ad • On acco nt o th c r i1 q 1 t-. t voic the depth th th atr a I hav made t al le provia , thi a1cea 1 all citi • 1!1 ot w t t r bein i l he eth 0 muc r t ns efi it 1 r in t at 75 feet t r per by r in- 11 8 of th c nt be ext hde w re pr 1 s t 11n a. 8 t s be a th t 0 nt t bal etl are . a. ct 1 1 • C 0 t int 1 C to, t t 1, the no r -r cour , f 0 t t n f in a o nt a r t at ly ~or eet, ai 1 c _ t t c in line. The 1 t of prosce 1 o 1 o the point at re r of et . e bich must e i _ n t r of vision of p rso eittin ~ in th r r at of the ler • The other ethod, t e "isacoustio", is o ~ lye ployed t - 4 in ~he largest and ~ine oper~ J ouses. ~ight lines by this method are ~ixad in the following manner: "When 'setting up' the sections of the parquetta ciro~e, balcony or gallery in tre auditorium, 1 t ie desirable to sight fro1n t110 eye level of the spectato, which for prac ical purposes is four feat, two inches ~ro ~he floor where the sp ct tr is seated. Te theoretical principle e ~eti . s o te when fixin th heirht of the step ings u on wh ch t h s t are 1 c - is a point a oul . be fixe on t e cur ain line, sa 1 f r below th at l v 1, n ro th point- tt.fte ta follows: t t e fro th eta a, the ate p n , a f]oor v 1 i s place - set up th rti f th nti pct t rs' ey a four f t , tw, in .o a v wi nt t ., t 1 t the b c r 1 f t . t. ow fr t C rt 1 li 8 OU di r a th t tr i t e fi , V t t t 8 0 :-t • t t Ten fr ct, i t ) nt r 1 11 in e iv t h e 1 a • Fr th i , t e o b 1 wt e et a 1 n 1 r t t . is p nt pr C 1 t r~ec t r ir r , etc. he the hei , t o - the ten in a e t manner, the no in ar not t n 1 r r tti 0 C th for lin, but to CO C c rve an the t ppin r ot equ 1 in height, but beco e steeper a t y r cele fro t e t • " Thie will insure pro r air,ht line but will be found t 5 in very few opera houses, because of added heigh t required. The ordina11ces which are be c o1 _1ir1 r:-- ore and ore ri "' i preclude strict adherence to t !1is rule a the ri se per foot on main floor is definitely fixe1 in . ose citie as is the ma ximum stepping in balconies. The boxes have been disp ee with ecause they have never been r vonu pr ucers an see t be an ap dag w ich we V inheri te, fro .. ast c e t rie whe r yalt demande B C acco o at • The tower sect a de aixt fe t eqqaro i n oder to pr 1 e the timum 0 f C 8 a ere a.de le at r aerric coul b had. The et ir is 1 cl sad in . fi it wa C t 8 t 1 r C t t a et reb p C • 1 t t C r 8 t 1 C • s 1 C 8 et 1 The d 1 0 t 1 in b h kne 1 us 1 column ot t t eason tat reversal 0 :nom pan 1. I this c ee t e 1 ere but thre e bays an the C 1 in a fir p f B r in a .· B r, a t r t B t t t 1 1 t c d n t C 1 or t n . 8, . C r t 8 t t e a Thia 8 fo th nt must be co sidere w t e . .- onal t . pe was fi ure a if . ere uniform girder secti n wa relied upon to tra .~ami t stresses to t hose pa els in whic h the bracing was locate:1 . The diagonal tvne was used becau 0 e 1 t seemed to offer the most ~rigid type of co:1structi n and beca ae with a reversal o~ stress caused by a @h~ng0 in dir : ction of wind the opp sit m bar coul be figure ae a tension me ber. Thie necasaitate usin two et riaa o~ hei ht as the unit in order t provide then ceasary op nin in th cor r a cti • lat r re The co111lmn 1 a e o the h v t base at ~1 or 1 el an t t t , whic a a ow t for ors an w ow t 0 er a - C s er tho o i n n t r c 1 • In 1 u n r 1 e for r t , 0 in th c V r h a C 0 f V a B , UC n 1 e t ut aa , ~ r c te - r - p re a e "' 1 ld.l C ) • 11 in for e r B V 1 n a e et BB at t irt po for sur ( e 0 , 0 B uc 1 n bein pro id eat fort - 1 or roof e o , t • i WO C r,e f t al r - C r - r t e rt de re et t A v ti of lase incli ati • n such caa a it 1a assume that th w r ng stress a. e increased by fift perce t. The other m ath co eervative, ie to ccbnei er the wind loa , w ich is or pounds per at twent , "square 7 , and to provide for such increment in the regular manner . The latter methJd was used in the caloulatione in this case , t he heaviest columns sustaining the total load of 6,678,000 pounds of w ich 1,085,000 pounds was c use by wind. In order to provide a pro er width of entrance for the theatre section it was found necessary to remove one row of colu:-:ne on main floor which was done by introducin box gir era t c rry the loadin of the columns in hat eeoti n which supp rte eleven eto iea ove. T e spa was t 1 t ., feet it 1 a of 70 ,000 p t ce tr. The ir er w figur d by moment 1 erti o • T e 1 ~ der ie s . . t- 8 ric wi tl t t e ce t , an a tw w T e t 1 tee an 1 connecte 1a. r at the c • 1 fl a e 1 roes • sq ee root in ad th to tr nc being us d r eein suffici nt t oarr ti his t to 00 C 8 i n a eho tt in ot C , e n t po loa of 210 po 8 , o. 4 i nc r ti t e iv t ec i • r . live 1 ad he d •1 gau e el - of six fe t f 0 t ei ne r n is t, t e reinforce ent being r~ame int the circu ri a. Teri a were made or t chana la placed back t back in orde facilitate bending, all bet eecti na bein incr ased fifty e s. er percent to provide proper factor of safety. The regular method of combined etreseee was used to obtain proper eeotion moduli which waa increased as specified above. · The fir prod~ing was assumed to be hollow terracotta tile, flat arch conetructi na with cinder concrete fill and maple flooring. Thie metho provides flat ceiling without the expense of drop ceiling conetr cti an acilit tea the con- structi n b provi i drain pipes. ample ap ce fr co \ u ts an 1 bin • Pro r ir r cti ca e fr Otis racti n Typ Electri ct r e ( weight a reoornmen d tat Thee sect dr bea a, in n e i e fi r o I ea, an 1 an an 1 C , o ent of iner 1 t d, th w 1 1 in xc as 1 ut t au o Tens o , h 1 t 1 p r 1 ,ooo 0 in t t co iti • inc • in a V p B - l ,ooo - 70 1 · axi r sq 1 C • ere wind la in inc u , th oe~dur w to combim al a in 1 1 i win pressure or 2 pq nde per ;aq f ot . a t 14, 0 o t 0 1 C 400 pou de r sq e f t wa use for sidewalk 1 adin. All str ta in wind braoin were deei ned to confo t a ecific tion i t - 9 1 r not greater than 150. Three cantilever trusses were necessary for balcony and three for allery to be eupporte1 as sho,vn. Stresses were calculated by means of graphical ethod which is shown. The w•ighte of e ch buildin e necee itate fo1ndati ns to bed rock ae the only really safe method o~ providin stability, and as thie then becomes more a matter of construction th n of cal- culation no ~iguree are presente • 10 ' 0 . •••• • ••• • . 0 .. • • • • • • • • • • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I') 0 0 0 0 f') ') '.) "') ') I) ".) "I ") 0 • • ••• ".) J • •• ,., ••• • •• ••• • •• ••• ".) j • •• • • • • •• •• ') j • • • • •• • • • 'O () 0 \ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •·••· ·••·• ') 0 . ~ 0 0 ~ ' 0 0 L, 0 0 11 • • •• 0 0 •• •• • • ••• 0 • •• • • • 0 ••• ••• • •• f') ••• 0 0 • •• 0'101' 0 riin • • • ••• • • 0 0 0 t') C) 0 0 ".) 0 0 J 0 J. 0 C I"\ • • • • • • • • • • ') 0 • • W1ND . .vi' BR AC I N 0; , ,... si q n d by F r.a.-n K D. 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Asset Metadata

Creator Aid, Frank Douglass (author)

Core Title Plans and principal engineering details of office and theatre building

School College of Liberal Arts

Degree Bachelor of Science

Degree Program Civil Engineering

Degree Conferral Date 1919-06

Publication Date 06/16/1919

Defense Date 06/16/1919

Publisher Los Angeles, California (original), University of Southern California (original), University of Southern California. Libraries (digital)

Tag OAI-PMH Harvest

Format theses (aat)

Language English

Contributor Digitized from microfilm by the USC Digital Library in 2023 (provenance)

Advisor Lawrence, Charles W. (committee chair)

Permanent Link (DOI) https://doi.org/10.25549/usctheses-oUC113172844

Unique identifier UC113172844

Identifier Ci '19 1 (call number),etd-AidFrank-1919.pdf (filename)

Legacy Identifier etd-AidFrank-1919

Document Type Thesis

Format theses (aat)

Rights Aid, Frank Douglass

Internet Media Type application/pdf

Type texts

Source 20230616-usctheses-microfilm-box8 (batch), Undergraduate Papers (subcollection), University of Southern California (contributing entity), University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses (collection)

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Repository Name University of Southern California Digital Library

Repository Location USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus MC 2810, 3434 South Grand Avenue, 2nd Floor, Los Angeles, California 90089-2810, USA

Repository Email cisadmin@lib.usc.edu