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Behind the tea: Chinese history and the culture of tea
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i
BEHIND THE TEA:
CHINESE HISTORY AND THE CULTURE
OF TEA
By
FENGJIE AN
A Thesis Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE USC ROSKI SCHOOL OF ART AND DESIGN
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
MASTER OF FINE ARTS
DESIGN
August 2023
Copyright 2023 FENGJIE AN
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Figures .................................................................................................................................................... iii
Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................... vi
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 1
Chapter One: The Tea Ceremony as Inspiration ........................................................................................... 5
Chapter Two: Discovering Chinese Tea Culture Through the Pages of a Book ..................................... 7
Chapter Three: The Legacy of Tea from China ............................................................................................. 8
Chapter Four: Book Series, Behind the Tea ....................................................................................................... 9
Chapter Five: Behind the Tea, Volume I .......................................................................................................... 10
Designing Test for Western and Eastern Readers ......................................................... 12
Font and Graphic Elements .............................................................................................. 13
Chapter Six: Behind the Tea, Volume II ............................................................................................................ 15
Chapter Seven: Behind the Tea, Volume III ..................................................................................................... 19
Milk Tea (Boba) ................................................................................................................... 19
Impact of Asian Culture on Los Angeles ........................................................................ 19
Flavors and Variations of the Milk Tea ........................................................................... 20
Discover the Milk Tea Stores in Los Angeles ................................................................. 23
Chapter Eight: The Culture of Tradition and Harmony on a Tea Table ................................................. 26
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................................... 31
Bibliography/Reference ................................................................................................................................... 33
iii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1, Behind the Tea I-III (Fengjie An). .................................................................................................. 9
Figure 2, Behind the Tea, Volume I, pp.40-41. ........................................................................................... 10
Figure 3, Behind the Tea, Volume I, pp.8-9. ................................................................................................ 11
Figure 4, Illustrated Compendium of Loyal Persons, Volume 2. ............................................................. 12
Figure 5, Behind the Tea, Volume I, pp. 10-11. .......................................................................................... 13
Figure 6, Behind the Tea, Volume I, PP.14-15.16-17. ................................................................................ 14
Figure 7, Behind the Tea, Volume II, pp24-25. ........................................................................................... 15
Figure 8, Behind the Tea, Volume II, Postcard. .......................................................................................... 16
Figure 9, Behind the Tea, Volume II, Map. ................................................................................................. 17
Figure 10, Behind the Tea, Volume II. pp10-11. ......................................................................................... 18
Figure 11, Peach Milk Tea, by 3catea. ........................................................................................................... 21
Figure 12, Cheese Form Green Tea, by 3cate. ............................................................................................. 22
Figure 13, Behind the Tea, Vol, III, pp.26-27. Pp34,35. ............................................................................ 23
Figure 14, Behind the Tea, Vol, III, Map, Milk Tea in LA. ....................................................................... 24
Figure 15, Tea Table, HALF. .......................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 16, Tea Table, HALF, Manufacture Process. ................................................................................. 28
Figure 17, Photography of Tea Table, HALF. ............................................................................................. 29
Figure 18, Photography of Tea Table, HALF. ............................................................................................. 30
iv
Abstract
Excessive technology usage impacts our social engagement and mental health. The time
spent on cell phones and electronic devices instead of interacting with others in person can result in
a lack of social skills and create difficulty in forming meaningful connections.
As a spatial and graphic designer, my primary focus is to create spaces that enhance people’s
connection. My thesis work promotes physical interaction between individuals, encourages face-to-
face communication, and fosters a sense of community around a shared cultural experience.
The Chinese tea ceremony which I have often shared with my family, is a powerful support
for my personal life and is an inspiration for how my design practice can facilitate social interaction
and promote human connection and well-being. As history shows, tea is an essential element of
Chinese culture. Those who have practiced tea drinking in their culture have gotten the many
benefits offered, such as enjoying the specific occasion and the opportunity to show respect and
form friendships.
I designed the “H.A.L.F. tea table” to promote connectivity while sitting and enjoying a cup
of tea. In addition, I designed a series of books titled, Behind the Tea to share the rich culture of tea
drinking from past to present. Behind the Tea: Volume I, presents tea’s history. Volume II, explores
tea culture, production, and cultivation, Volume III, focuses on contemporary Asian culture in Los
Angeles and emphasizes how this generation forms bonds while drinking milk tea.
1
Introduction
We live in the digital world, devoting most of our time to digital experiences. Recently, I
went to dinner with friends. While we sat together, our time was spent browsing our social media
instead of talking to each other. This seemed like a missed opportunity to enjoy conversation,
exchange stories and share a meal with friends. I realized this happens all the time in our lives today.
In a family, parents may be too preoccupied with their cell phones to notice their children or
children may be too preoccupied with video games to communicate with their parents. This broken
communication style has become very common these days.
Human direct contact and communication have been significantly reduced with the
development of technology and its impact on social behavior. According to Hannah Nichols
1
(2017), the constant notifications, emails, and messages people receive on their smartphones can
create a sense of urgency and make it difficult to fully disengage from work or other responsibilities,
even when on vacation. Individuals have less time and energy to invest in building and maintaining
relationships with others, which may lead to a sense of overload and reduce social capital formation.
2
While technology has made it easier to connect with others online, it can also lead to feelings
of loneliness, anxiety, and isolation when used excessively or negatively. People may spend more
time on their phones and devices instead of interacting with others in person. Overusing technology
can also lead to addiction, sleep disruption, and other negative health effects. It is important to be
mindful of our technology usage and to prioritize face-to-face interactions and real-life connections
3
.
1
Hannah Nichols is a freelance writer with experience writing medical and health content for patients, etc. in the specialist area of
stem cell processing and research.
2
. Hannah Nichols, “How Modern Life Affects Our Physical and Mental Health,” www.medicalnewstoday.com, July 3, 2017,
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318230#The-emergence-of-the-constant-checker.
3
Qanash, Sultan, Faisal Al-Husayni, Haneen Falata, Ohud Halawani, Enas Jahra, Boshra Murshed, Faris Alhejaili, Ala’a Ghabashi, and
Hashem Alhashmi. “Effect of Electronic Device Addiction on Sleep Quality and Academic Performance among Health Care
Students: Cross-Sectional Study.” JMIR Medical Education 7, no. 4 (October 6, 2021): e25662. https://doi.org/10.2196/25662.
2
Research from Brenda Wiederhold
4
(2010) also mentions that mental health problems and
social isolation are at epidemic levels among young adults; frequent checkers are 2.7 times more
likely to develop depression than those who check social media less often
5
.
Today, we are used to checking our social media frequently, social media has provided a
means for people to connect with others, but it also negatively affects mental health and social
interactions by contributing to spreading misinformation and online harassment. Overusing social
media has led to feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and depression. Physical connection through real life
is more real and warm to interactions with friends and family; community involvement and
engagement can positively affect mental and physical health.
According to Seppala
6
(2014), human connection decreases health risks and improves
physical well-being and longevity. Social solid connections strengthen the immune system and
increase your chances of a longer life by 50%
7
. People with stronger human connections tend to
receive more trust and cooperation from others, creating a positive feedback loop of social,
emotional, and physical well-being.
When I was sick, my friends and family always visited, sent me a care package, or offered
encouragement. These connections always remind me of the warmth of relationships and the feeling
of being supported. I felt supported and it was easier to navigate a difficult situation I was
experiencing.
4
Professor Dr. Brenda K. Wiederhold, Ph.D., MBA, BCB, BCN is President of the Virtual Reality Medical Center (VRMC), with
offices in Sorrento Valley, La Jolla and Coronado, California.
5
. Wiederhold, Brenda K. “Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking Completes Another Milestone.” Cyberpsychology,
Behavior, and Social Networking 13, no. 6 (December 2010): 599–600. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.1505.
6
. EMMA SEPPÄLÄ, Ph.D., is a best-selling author, Yale lecturer, and international keynote speaker.
7
Seppala, Emma. “Connectedness & Health: The Science of Social Connection - the Center for Compassion and Altruism Research
and Education.” The Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education, May 9, 2014.
http://ccare.stanford.edu/uncategorized/connectedness-health-the-science-of-social-connection-infographic/.
3
My relationship with family and friends inspires me to use design to connect people, create
opportunities to communicate with others and escape modern anxiety. My previous studies in
architecture and interior design taught me how our surroundings affect our moods, behaviors, and
relationships. As a spatial designer concerned with human emotions and interactions, my design
centers on creating inviting spaces that promote warmth and connection between people.
While modern technology has enabled our living spaces to have necessary features such as
air circulation, artificial lighting, and temperature regulation, the mere application of these
technological solutions to a space can result in an uninspiring "box" filled with machinery. The
buildings and spaces we inhabit are designed for the purpose of supporting human life. As such,
emphasizing the human experience, interaction, and communication is important. Creating living
spaces that are not only habitable but also inspiring and conducive to social well-being has become
one of my design purposes.
The concept of “gathering” inspired some of my earlier work and has led me to think further
about how I interact with my family and friends and how I can share the gathering experience in a
more intimate way.
In my culture, the tea ceremony holds great importance as it deepens the connection with
family and friends. Through the tea experience, I began to appreciate the power of human
connection, which strengthened my familial bonds, supported me in life, and inspired my design
studies. Tea has always brought my family together. When I was young, my family spent a great deal
of time performing the tea ceremony together and enjoying the tea was an opportunity for me to
learn about traditional Chinese culture. The time spent with family together was one of the most
critical aspects of these ceremonies, a bridge holding my family together, leading to solid
connections among family members. Connection is how we learn about each other, solve problems,
and comprehend our innermost thoughts and feelings.
4
The tea ceremony is bound by the purpose of being a simple, unpretentious event that
focuses on sharing with others rather than making things complicated. Tables are important in
bringing people together because they provide a shared space where individuals can gather, sit, and
engage in various activities. And it is why I designed the HALF tea table to be utilitarian and simple
in form.
In addition, I designed a series of books that explore tea and its history from ancient times
to the present. The Behind the Tea book series is divided into three volumes. Volume I, tea origins
and evolution throughout dynasties in Chinese history. Volume II, discusses the numerous tea
varieties in modern China, the distribution of growing regions, the manufacturing process, and the
differences in tea culture between regions. Volume III, focuses on contemporary Asian culture in
Los Angeles and emphasizes how the young generation bond while drinking milk tea. A series of tea
books can present tea culture intimately and engagingly, just like a tea ceremony.
5
Chapter One: The Tea Ceremony as Inspiration
The Chinese tea ceremony has been around for thousands of years and is still considered an
art form and a good ritual. Guests are frequently offered tea as a sign of hospitality, and it is also
customary for seniors to be offered tea as a sign of respect by their elders. In many cultures, giving
and receiving tea is regarded as a symbol of friendship and kindness between people. According to
Chajing, many Chinese people drink tea every day, they consider it very healthy for them, and it
offers many health benefits
8
.
As a part of Chinese culture, the tea ceremony is an essential part of the daily routine, and a
symbol of how traditional Chinese values are lived. Making and sharing tea is one of the main ideas
behind the tea ceremony. According to Shiatsu Sen, the phrase "Huan Ying
9
" is used in Chinese and
Japanese tea ceremonies to describe hospitality, regarded as an essential component of the ritual.
Guests are shown respect and goodwill by being served tea and will experience peace and
camaraderie
10
.
Gathering to engage in the tea ceremony creates a sense of connection and sharing
experience. In-person communication allows for a deeper level of connection that virtual
interactions cannot match.
Actual engagement in a physical space is important for human connection. According to a
study published in the American Psychological Association, face-to-face communication in a
physical space led to greater social connection. The researchers suggest that physical experience can
help create a sense of shared presence and reality between individuals, enhancing communication
effectiveness
11
.
9
In Chinese, "Huan Ying" means "Welcome."
10
Sioshitsu Sen, Chado, Weatherhill, 2003.
11
. American Psychological Association. Integrating Personality and Social Psychology : Special Issue [of The] Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology. Washington, D.C.? American Psychological Association, 1987.
6
Tea holds a special place in Chinese culture—the Chinese value tea for its medicinal
properties and connection to nature.
Behind the Tea aims to enhance the sensory pleasure of savoring a cup of tea while exploring
the beloved beverage's rich history and culture.
7
Chapter Two: Discovering Chinese Tea Culture Through the Pages of a Book
The physical book creates more intimacy for the reader and more engagement with the
information. I designed physical books because the physical experience of holding a book creates a
richer experience than reading the same information on the screen.
A book is something that we can carry around, can be read in any space, and can feel natural
and intimate. Sitting with a book differs from sitting with an electronic device and absorbing
information. When sitting with a book, there are no distractions, and we can immerse ourselves in
the content without interruptions.
Studies have shown that people retain information better when reading a physical book than
on an electronic device
12
. In a book printed on paper with high-quality ink, people can touch and
smell the pages, feel the weight of the book, and turn the pages. This motion can help reinforce the
brain's information and create a memorable experience. Reading a book physically makes it easier on
the eyes and relaxing on the brain.
Chinese tea culture has much history, and I discovered a great amount of information, which
I then divided it into volumes to present the contents more clearly. I approached each volume
differently, depending on the contents of each book. The series of volumes is designed to be held in
your hand and taken with you.
These three volumes extensively use imagery, including classic ink paintings from ancient Chinese
artists, detailed maps of different regions in China, sketches of the tea-making process, and
photographs of tea plantations. Using a variety of visual elements, both historical and contemporary,
to complement the textual information helps bring the text to life.
12
, Anne Mangen, Bente R. Walgermo, and Kolbjørn Brønnick, “Reading Linear Texts on Paper versus Computer Screen: Effects on
Reading Comprehension,” International Journal of Educational Research 58 (January 2013): 61–68,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2012.12.002.
8
Chapter Three: The Legacy of Tea from China
The book, The True History of Tea by Erling Hoh and Victor H. Mair discusses tea's history, its
cultural significance, including its origins in China and India. Chinese tea is thought to have
originated in Northeastern India and Southwestern China, where the wild tea plant still grows
today
13
.
According to Lu Yu
14
, who was the first to write a book on the subject, "Chajing,” otherwise
known as "The Classic of Tea." Chinese legend says that the Chinese emperor Shennong discovered
tea in 2737 BCE. This was when a leaf from a wild tea tree blew into his pot of boiling water,
causing the leaf to fall into the water. The emperor was said to have been so pleased with the
resulting tea brew that he declared it a gift from the gods. He also instructed his subjects to plant tea
plants to celebrate the gift. Tea consumption has been documented in China since the Han Dynasty
(206 BCE-220 CE)
15
.
According to Chajing, tea was primarily used as a medicinal herb to treat various ailments
due to its medicinal properties. As the tea trade flourished in the Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE),
drinking among the Chinese elite became popular. Tea was a major export during the Song Dynasty
(960-1279 CE). Since the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 CE), tea drinking has become more popular
among the general population, and the tea ceremony has evolved to respect and appreciate the taste
and aesthetics of tea. Tea production and trade that peaked during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912
CE) greatly influenced Chinese culture and society and constituted an influential part of Chinese
society
16
.
13
Victor H Mair and Erling Hoh, The True History of Tea (London: Thames & Hudson, 2009).
14
Lu yu was a Chinese tea master and writer. He is respected as the Sage of Tea for his contribution to Chinese tea culture.
15
Lu, 1974.
16
Lu, 1974.
9
Chapter Four: Book Series, Behind the Tea
My fascination with the beauty of tea stories inspired me to begin collecting information
about tea and led me to design a series of books about it. I divided the information into three
volumes (Figure 1) and introduced each volume separately. The first volume is about the history of
tea, which combines the history of ancient Chinese paintings and tea culture. The second volume is
about the culture of tea, which is more modern and closer to our present life than the first volume.
Volume II introduces the cultivation, production, and inheritance of tea.
Figure 1, Behind the Tea I-III (Fengjie An).
10
Chapter Five: Behind the Tea, Volume I
This volume explores the fascinating history of tea, tracing its evolution across generations
and through different eras. This book aims to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding
of the significance of tea throughout history, highlighting its cultural, social, and economic
importance. To complement the textual information, I have included many classic ink paintings
(Figure 2) from ancient Chinese artists to create a visual journey through each period in tea's history.
Figure 2, Behind the Tea, Volume I, pp.40-41.
11
I started the project by researching the history of tea, then writing a project brief and outline
that identified the existing gaps in information conveyance. Since tea is an integral part of Chinese
culture, I wanted to inform readers of its evolution and progress since Shennong first discovered it.
So, this volume starts with the mythical story of the origin of tea, which leads to the origin of
Chinese tea culture (Figure 3). The content follows the timeline of the development of tea culture,
introducing the history, development, and culture of tea in different dynasties according to the Qin,
Han, Western Jin, Sui and Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties in turn.
Figure 3, Behind the Tea, Volume I, pp.8-9.
12
Designing Test for Western and Eastern Reader
I have included both the English and Chinese languages in this volume to make the book
accessible to more readers. By presenting the content in Chinese and English, these volumes can
create a bridge between different cultures, fostering a sense of connection and mutual
understanding. This approach allows readers of different backgrounds to see tea's rich history and
culture, ultimately promoting a more significant global community appreciation and awareness.
For the Chinese text in these volumes, I drew inspiration from the traditional layout of
ancient Chinese books (Figure 4), which feature a vertical orientation of text instead of the more
common horizontal layout. By incorporating this traditional format, the books pay homage to the
history and culture of China while also providing a historic reading experience. (Figure 5).
Figure 4, Illustrated Compendium of Loyal Persons, Volume 2.
13
Figure 5, Behind the Tea, Volume I, pp. 10-11.
Font and Graphic Elements
I used Garamond as the font for this book series, it complements the book's content, and it
is easy to read. With its clear and consistent letterforms, Garamond provides clarity essential for
conveying the vast amount of information in these volumes.
The different line weights of the font create a natural hierarchy, which allowed me to easily
emphasize important sections and guide the reader through the content. And an easy flow from one
topic to another. Ultimately, my goal was to elucidate Chinese tea's history, variety, and geographical
distribution in an understandable and informative manner.
The timeline catalog in this series is bilingual and features illustrations of phoenixes and
dragons (Figure 6), two iconic symbols with a lucky meaning in ancient China. During the Song
14
Dynasty, these symbols were pressed onto tea cakes to represent the luxury grade of this tea.
Throughout the ages, dragons and phoenixes have remained powerful symbols of Chinese tradition,
representing strength, prosperity, and good fortune. Incorporating these timeless symbols into the
timeline catalog honors the rich cultural heritage behind tea and its enduring significance in Chinese
culture.
Figure 6, Behind the Tea, Volume I, PP.14-15.16-17.
15
Chapter Six: Behind the Tea, Volume II
The second volume departs from ancient history, highlighting different types of tea, where
they are grown, and their significant benefits. This volume provides readers with a comprehensive
overview of the basic types of Chinese tea, including white, green, oolong, black, and Pu-Erh, as well
as information on how they are crafted.
To illustrate the content of Volume II, I used postcards, diagrams, and photography to
present each kind of tea (Figure 7) and iconography is used to replace some texts. On each type of
tea in a way that is easy for readers to understand by using large tea images. The postcards feature
pictures of tea leaves, giving readers a visual representation of what each tea looks like, and include
labels detailing the best way to brew each type of tea.
Figure 7, Behind the Tea, Volume II, pp24-25.
16
To enhance diverse tea-drinking cultures across various regions, I created interactive
postcards to complement the book. These tactile postcards (Figure 8 ) can be collected, fostering a
more immersive and interactive reading experience and strengthening the connection between
readers and the information. And with this approach, my goal is to expand the reading experience
that is not only informative but also engaging and enjoyable for all readers.
Figure 8, Behind the Tea, Volume II, Postcard.
17
This volume contains a wealth of information about China's geography and highly localized
culture, and it is important to present this information that is both accessible and easily
understandable to readers who may be unfamiliar with China. To achieve this, I incorporated
diagrams to make the text more visual and user-friendly.
As an example, the map (Figure 9) of China in this book highlights the various locations
where tea is grown throughout the country. Instead of using text labels, I utilized icons to represent
different regions, providing readers with a clear and concise understanding of the geographic
diversity of Chinese tea cultivation. Through these symbolic graphics, readers can comprehensively
overview each city and region where tea is grown, even if they lack prior knowledge of Chinese
geography. Ultimately, I aim to make this information accessible to all readers, regardless of their
familiarity with China or its tea culture.
Figure 9, Behind the Tea, Volume II, Map.
18
Photographs were used to show the landscapes of tea cultivation. For instance, to show
photographs of the green tea grown in Hangzhou, China (Figure 10). I provide photos of gardens
and how tea pickers harvest the tea. Many people like to drink tea or are interested in tea, but they
have never seen a tea tree.
Figure 10, Behind the Tea, Volume II. pp10-11.
The photographs give readers a visual with a visual understanding of the tea cultivation
process, by providing a glimpse into the nature where the tea is grown.
19
Chapter Seven: Behind the Tea, Volume III
Volume III focuses on the vibrant tea culture found in Los Angeles and emphasizes its
significance to the Asian community. To better provide readers with a comprehensive understanding
of the local Milk tea scene, this volume includes the Asian milk tea culture in this city and lots of
photo documentaries to discover how milk tea became an integral part of Asian culture in Los
Angeles.
Milk Tea (Boba)
During the late 1990s, the first boba tea store dedicated to providing milk tea opened within
a food court in Arcadia, Los Angeles County, within a food court. Many comparable shops sprouted
up in the early 2000s, particularly in the San Gabriel Valley, which has a sizable Taiwanese and
Chinese community.
Today, there is a boba milk tea shop on practically every block in the Valley, and business is
prospering. The younger generation in this city considers boba to be the coffee counterpart. The
term "boba" can apply to various drinks, such as iced tea or milk tea with tapioca pearls, or it can
refer to the black tapioca pearls alone. The boba drink is composed of black tea, milk, ice, and
chewy tapioca pearls, all shaken together like a martini and served with a big straw, allowing the
tapioca pebbles to be easily sucked out from the bottom of the cup
17
.
Impact of Asian Culture on Los Angeles
After the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 abolished the immigration policy that
restricted the entry of certain ethnic groups into the US, many Asian immigrants moved to
17
Leslie Nguyen-Okwu, “Boba Explained: A Sipper’s Guide to Taiwan’s Signature Drink,” Eater, March 16, 2019,
https://www.eater.com/21551108/boba-milk-bubble-tea-explained-how-to-order.
20
California, particularly in the Los Angeles area, between the 1960s and 1990s. In these immigrant
enclaves, boba culture emerged in the early 1990s, becoming a unique subculture most prominent in
Los Angeles
18
. Boba shops are now more vibrant than ever, serving as popular hangout spots for a
diverse crowd, especially on a typical Friday evening when they can rival the atmosphere of a
downtown bar but with tea instead of alcohol.
Wei, a Taiwanese American who grew up in the San Gabriel Valley during the early 2000s,
also found boba shops a vital part of her social life. After long SAT-prep tutoring classes, boba
shops became the "sacred gathering grounds" for her and her peers, where they could enjoy parent-
approved beverages and hang out with friends during the weekends. Wei explains that a new
generation of young Asians in Los Angeles grew up socializing in boba shops. These shops served as
their daily hangout spots, where they studied, gossiped with friends, and went on first dates
19
. For
her, and like many Asian kids, the importance of these boba shops was more about the physical
space that facilitated friendship, familiarity, and a sense of belonging rather than the drink itself.
Flavors and Variations of the Milk Tea
The quality of the drinks has significantly improved over the years, with many offerings’
ingredient-focused drinks, such as real fruit chunks instead of fruit syrup or cheese form made by
real cheese. Fruit tea is a variation of milk tea that incorporates fresh fruit or fruit juices into the
glass, adding a fruity flavor and refreshing flavors like strawberry, peach, or mango (Figure 11).
Cheese tea is a unique variation of milk tea with a layer of cheese foam on top of the tea. The cheese
foam is made from cream cheese, milk, and sugar and provides a savory, creamy flavor that pairs
18
Jenny G Zhang, “How Bubble Tea Became a Complicated Symbol of Asian-American Identity,” Eater (Eater, November 5, 2019),
https://www.eater.com/2019/11/5/20942192/bubble-tea-boba-asian-american-diaspora.
19
Clarissa Wei, “How Boba Became an Integral Part of Asian-American Culture in Los Angeles - LA Weekly,” LA Weekly, May 22,
2019, https://www.laweekly.com/how-boba-became-an-integral-part-of-asian-american-culture-in-los-angeles/.
21
well with the sweetness of the tea (Figure 12). These innovative milk tea flavors and combinations
reflect the creativity and experimentation of modern food culture. They provide a unique and
exciting twist on traditional milk tea, highlighting this popular beverage's adaptability.
Figure 11, Peach Milk Tea, by 3catea.
22
Figure 12, Cheese Form Green Tea, by 3cate.
Bubble tea holds a significant meaning for me and most Asian individuals living in Los
Angeles as it symbolizes a feeling of home and a connection with others. Expressions of longing for
the boba shops of one’s youth are not just about the physical space or the drink, it is much about
the time and companionship. What mattered was the relationship and connection that had built up
and formed there.
23
Discover the Milk Tea Stores in Los Angeles
I visited numerous milk tea shops in Los Angeles, chatting with customers, taking
photographs, and documenting the trip. After compiling all my research, I've compiled a
comprehensive list of the most popular milk teas in the area. This guide will provide readers with a
quick and easy way to discover the best milk tea shops in Los Angeles. (Figure 13).
Figure 13, Behind the Tea, Vol, III, pp.26-27. Pp34,35.
24
Using this information from my field trips, I created a map (Figure 14) highlighting the area's
top-rated milk tea stores. The map provides a convenient resource for people to explore the local
milk tea scene and to re-build the human connection in the busy digital life.
Figure 14, Behind the Tea, Vol, III, Map, Milk Tea in LA.
This volume provides a magazine-style reading experience that showcases the top-rated local
milk tea stores, encouraging readers to visit these establishments and spend time with friends and
family in the real world. Through this approach, I am promoting a community culture and
encouraging people to take a break from their hectic lives to relax and enjoy the simple pleasures of
sharing a drink with friends. Featuring local milk tea shops, I promote a sense of pride and
25
appreciation for the unique and diverse tea culture in different regions, not just in Los Angeles but
worldwide.
26
Chapter Eight: The Culture of Tradition and Harmony on a Tea Table
In our fast-paced, technology-driven society, many people feel overwhelmed by the constant
demands on their time and attention. And we all face this stress on some level. According to Jim
Robbins
20
's research, spending time in nature can be a powerful antidote to the stress of modern life.
Exposure to natural environments has been shown to lower cortisol levels, a hormone associated
with stress, and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression
21
.
The minimalist tea table (HALF) that I built is designed with the ideas of tea and the
harmony between humans and nature in mind. It is intended for those who drink tea and provides a
message of tranquility and connection to nature through carefully selected materials and colors. The
design focuses on simplicity and functionality; the table can accommodate more than four people
and includes two different levels of height, which is convenient for serving tea. (Figure 15).
Figure 15, Tea Table, HALF.
20
Jim Robbins is a veteran journalist. A regular contributor to Yale Environment 360, he has written for the New York Times, Conde
Nast Traveler, and numerous other publications.
21
Jim Robbins, “Ecopsychology: How Immersion in Nature Benefits Your Health,” Yale E360, January 9, 2020,
https://e360.yale.edu/features/ecopsychology-how-immersion-in-nature-benefits-your-health.
27
The essence of a tea ceremony is to create an opportunity for people to connect with nature
through a direct and uncomplicated ritual. With its clean and simple lines, the table evokes a sense of
purity and harmony with nature. The organic feeling is further accentuated by using curves and
round shapes. The design is focused on minimalism, deliberately attempting to achieve simplicity in
form and function.
For the material choice of this table, wood was deliberately selected as the primary material
(Figure 16). Not only is wood a sustainable and renewable material, but it also provides a warm and
natural aesthetic to the table. The woody texture and natural color tones of wood encourage a sense
of calmness and serenity.
This table highlights the wood's grain and texture, creating a sense of warmth and comfort.
The use of natural materials like wood also aligns with the idea of the tea ceremony, which
emphasizes the connection to nature and simplicity.
28
Figure 16, Tea Table, HALF, Manufacture Process.
The final paint job on the tea table utilized low saturation colors such as gray and natural
wood tones (Figure 17). These color choices created an environment that promotes calmness and
29
relaxation. The design achieves a sense of balance and harmony by leaving a large portion of the
tabletop in its original wood color, enhancing inner peace and connection to nature.
Figure 17, Photography of Tea Table, HALF.
This tea table is designed to foster connection and community among individuals. Its large
size, measuring approximately 5ft x 4ft, accommodates multiple people simultaneously, encouraging
social interaction and sharing experiences.
The table is crafted with multiple heights, allowing people to sit at different levels (Figure
18). The higher table sections are conveniently placed for those performing the tea ceremony and
serving tea to others. This design element facilitates a smooth and efficient tea ceremony while
creating a sense of hierarchy and respect for the tea ceremony's traditional elements.
30
Figure 18, Photography of Tea Table, HALF.
In addition to its functional benefits, the multiple heights of the table also encourage
interaction and connection between people and foster a sense of togetherness. The multi-height
design of the table also promotes inclusivity and diversity, as individuals of different ages, sizes, and
physical abilities can comfortably sit and participate in the ceremony. By allowing different people to
sit at different levels, the design promotes the idea that all individuals have a valuable role in creating
a harmonious and connected community.
Traditionally, tea tables are low, allowing people to sit and connect with the ground. In
Chinese culture, the ground symbolizes stability, security, and the foundation of life. In Chinese
philosophy, Grounding connects oneself to the earth and draws energy from it, which promotes
inner peace and well-being
22
. So, the low table design intends to encourage people to sit on the
ground and connect with the earth, fostering a sense of calmness.
22
David Wong, “Chinese Ethics (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy),” Stanford.edu, 2018,
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-chinese/.
31
Conclusion
Tea culture, as explored in these three volumes, is a field guide to bringing new initiates into
the culture of tea. These book designs allow a new audience to appreciate the history of tea and its
contemporary expressions, like milk tea and the Boba of LA. The most important is to deliver a
message that creates connections and communications with others in real life. Because we have
constant engagement with technology today, and it has diminished the time and energy available for
building and maintaining relationships and has created feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and isolation.
As a spatial designer, the importance of human emotions and interactions in creating inviting
spaces that promote warmth and connection has become a central focus. While technology has
provided us with essential features in our living spaces, the mere application of these technological
solutions can result in uninspiring environments that lack the human touch. By emphasizing the
human experience, interaction, and communication, designers can play a crucial role in countering
the negative impacts of technology on social well-being.
In my design practice, I prioritize connections with people as they provide opportunities for
learning, sharing, and experiencing diverse perspectives. By creating these projects, I aim to share my
cultural heritage with others and foster a sense of community around a shared interest.
The traditional Chinese tea ceremony is a powerful symbol of connection, community, and
cultural heritage. The tea-drinking ceremony is a valuable cultural practice that allows me to learn,
share, and express my emotions in culturally oriented settings. The tea ceremony always brings my
family and friends together. It creates a solid connection between each other, helps me to deepen
familial bonds, and emphasizes human connection through shared experiences.
The concept of "gathering" has served as a source of inspiration, leading to the exploration
of the tea ceremony to deepen connections with family and friends. Through the simplicity and
shared experience of the tea ceremony, familial bonds are strengthened, cultural traditions are
32
preserved, and connections among family members are solidified. The design of the HALF tea table
and the creation of the Behind the Tea book series provide tangible tools to foster these
connections and share the rich history and culture of tea intimately and engagingly.
In a world where digital experiences often dominate our interactions, it is vital to prioritize
face-to-face connections and create spaces that promote warmth, understanding, and community.
By recognizing the power of human connection and the value of real-life interactions, designers can
shape environments that facilitate meaningful conversations, foster stronger relationships, and bring
people back together.
33
Bibliography/Reference
American Psychological Association. Integrating Personality and Social Psychology : Special
Issue [of The] Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Washington, D.C.?
American Psychological Association, 1987.
Clarissa Wei. “How Boba Became an Integral Part of Asian-American Culture in Los Angeles -
LA Weekly.” LA Weekly, May 22, 2019. https://www.laweekly.com/how-boba-became-
an-integral-part-of-asian-american-culture-in-los-angeles/.
Mair, Victor H, and Erling Hoh. The True History of Tea. London: Thames & Hudson, 2009.
Mangen, Anne, Bente R. Walgermo, and Kolbjørn Brønnick. “Reading Linear Texts on Paper
versus Computer Screen: Effects on Reading Comprehension.” International Journal of
Educational Research 58 (January 2013): 61–68.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2012.12.002.
Nguyen-Okwu, Leslie. “Boba Explained: A Sipper’s Guide to Taiwan’s Signature Drink.” Eater,
March 16, 2019. https://www.eater.com/21551108/boba-milk-bubble-tea-explained-how-
to-order.
Nichols, Hannah . “How Modern Life Affects Our Physical and Mental Health.”
www.medicalnewstoday.com, July 3, 2017.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318230#The-emergence-of-the-constant-
checker.
Qanash, Sultan, Faisal Al-Husayni, Haneen Falata, Ohud Halawani, Enas Jahra, Boshra
Murshed, Faris Alhejaili, Ala’a Ghabashi, and Hashem Alhashmi. “Effect of Electronic
Device Addiction on Sleep Quality and Academic Performance among Health Care
Students: Cross-Sectional Study.” JMIR Medical Education 7, no. 4 (October 6, 2021):
e25662. https://doi.org/10.2196/25662.
Robbins, Jim. “Ecopsychology: How Immersion in Nature Benefits Your Health.” Yale E360,
January 9, 2020. https://e360.yale.edu/features/ecopsychology-how-immersion-in-nature-
benefits-your-health.
Sen, Sioshitsu. Chado. Weatherhill, 2003.
Seppala, Emma. “Connectedness & Health: The Science of Social Connection - the Center for
Compassion and Altruism Research and Education.” The Center for Compassion and
Altruism Research and Education, May 9, 2014.
http://ccare.stanford.edu/uncategorized/connectedness-health-the-science-of-social-
connection-infographic/.
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Wiederhold, Brenda K. “Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking Completes
Another Milestone.” Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 13, no. 6
(December 2010): 599–600. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.1505.
Wong, David. “Chinese Ethics (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy).” Stanford.edu, 2018.
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-chinese/.
Zhang, Jenny G. “How Bubble Tea Became a Complicated Symbol of Asian-American
Identity.” Eater. Eater, November 5, 2019.
https://www.eater.com/2019/11/5/20942192/bubble-tea-boba-asian-american-diaspora.
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Asset Metadata
Creator
An, Fengjie
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Core Title
Behind the tea: Chinese history and the culture of tea
School
Roski School of Art and Design
Degree
Master of Fine Arts
Degree Program
Design
Degree Conferral Date
2023-08
Publication Date
06/19/2023
Defense Date
06/16/2023
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