University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses

Water storage and hydro-electric development on the San Gabriel River

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Water storage and hydro-electric development on the San Gabriel River

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Content u
•
l
Water Storage
and
Hydro-Electric De elop me t
on the
San Gabriel River
The sis
res ted to t
•
s C
•
er 1 0 u r l or
0 e De re 0
lo
•
ac c 10 n c
•
l
e l r
b
L re
•
a 7, 1 12
•
•
A ro ed by
CONTENTS
. Introductory •••
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Definition of Terms • •
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
PART : I
PART ' II
Topography, Rain- tal 1 and Run- Qff • • • • •
Water- Storage and Hydro- Electric Devel- ,
• 1
2
3
opment ••••••••••••••••••• 7
PART III Conclusions ••
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
12
Biblio raphy •••••••••••••••••••• 13
Acknowledgements •••••••••••••••••• 14
Water Storage and .Hydro- Electric Development
on the San Gabriel River.
Introductory
1
. This thesis is an in est1 ation of that part of the San
Gabriel Waters ed, in Southern California, lying a o e an el
evation of 760 fe t abo e sea- l, e el, with reference to top og-,
ra hy, rainfall, and ru - off, to determine the feasibility of
s ystem of
•
ob·ect
•
to be the ation a reser 01r
,
w ose lS conser
of the floo waters f
•
for dr
•
e r 1 er , use 0 e r 1rr1
-
atin season, an for the r ose of enerating electrical
ener
•
A era e on iti o s 0 er a te rm of year e been
as urned.
•
be
•
.
•
t no unt· 1
•
too 1nce 1nn1.n on s S 1S, l wa
late to
•
lea
•
est- a.Ke a C a e , e wr er s e a l
•
at · on
1. co h a e e e 0 C er
u t
• •
.
0 or
,
l C re 0 er a l cc ra
,
of at
• •
1
t
•
ea w 1S wn as e l 0 e
.
1
.
71 f Proce
.
sti 0
•
l 1n
l 0
e
•
.
Thi e t
•
•
Ci l l er
•
0 l cu l
.
C t er
l.n.§
,
a an 0 rnea r s el
•
ll
12liQ~,
ha te lt 8 e
1 .
e
l .Q.
•
.
•
ti o
.
pl
l e l c o C e a C e l e 0
1 ot
•
1 t
•
A
0 l e a a 0 re as e l oe
•
0
•
of 1
d- fee t for
• • •
0 e of
•
s e 0 r 1 10
,
ont · a u s tp t of ver , 0 0
•
Definition of Terms
1
"Byn::..9ff, Jii.~harge": ... olume of water flowin in a. stream.
"~QQng-.f.Q.Q..t": One cubic foot per second: the rate of dischar e
of water flowing in a stream one foot wide, one foot deep, at
the rate of one foot per second.
".Mill.§L.§ incb
0
: ate of dischar - e of a stream flowing throu
an orifice one i ch s uare, under a hea w ich varies wit
local itions. In Southern Cal if orni a.,
•
er's inch co one l
1S t e as one- fi tie th 0 a econ -
,oot,
'B.un- _gU
•
· ncbEta" : T de th to whic dr
•
1
..
e e l e rea 0
be co ere if all the a.ter flowin r o it ere conser e d nd
unif ormly istri ted on t e sur ace .
"Acre- foot"· 43 60 c ic fe t: the uan i t y re uire to co er
acre t e th o one oot.
--- ·-----------
1
Conde se fro
3
PART I
Topography, Rainfall, and Run qf£
"San Gabriel River rises in the Sierra Madre Mountains
and, flowing in a southwesterly direction throu h the San Gab- ,
riel and Los Angeles alleys, discharges its waters into the .
Pacific Ocean near Longbeach, Cal • . In the upper reaches of
this basin there are numerous tributaries, which have their
source in the higher ele ations of the .Sierra Madre Range.
The topography in the upper reac es of this basin is rough and
rugged, with deep and narrow canyons, while on t e lower ele a- ,
tions the country is rollin, ith large areas of
l ley land.
The formation on the hi er ou tain ele ations i of ranite,
ith a li ht soil co ering , wi h s arse im r rowth. As one
ap roac est e mi le elevations th
•
over1 is brush, with
scatterin timer, wile int e oot - .il co ntry th••• i
nothi
trea
•
l
ut a ro th o ra s.
locate at a oi t
The a in st ti o o
r th t earn le a est
is
•
er
m tains in the ici it o zu a. B w is oint e r1 er
nter th an
.
r1e lle ,
ati el l i t r e, t e
•
01n
an and, i ic t e t r
•
lC
o fl
t
•
1 c ar e.
ur a ce at
water o
ow r en of
· t of
•
1 c ar rom e fo t
to e e rce
•
re tr a a co r
o o e of o rs, 8 ,
•
a ear , e ce
.
•
lS n a pe r on
an e le , t e
,
e o str
•
ion
e a r o t e r ace, o
•
w i hit flo 0 or 1 anc a ear 1
the s of the at c u try
flo o this stream d r1n
point about 6 il s a o e the
po r u r oses at the o th of
a
0 e oo -
•
e ent·r
um r o
•
S l · ert d at
•
lll ta · on an
•
lS U 8 or
e canyon. From th·s oint
it is c arr · e
•
l itc es a
int. The
u ed for 1 ri ati on t lo er
e e s e o this an re c i it a i on i
..
s a n
4
varies from 15 to 30 inches and is principally in the form of
rain. On small areas in the higher mountain ele ations the .
precipitation is in the form of snow, which melts in . the early
pring month ."
2
Plate . I is a map showing a. portion of Southern California,
i cludin the entire · San Gabri 1 Ri er Basin • . The potion
covered by this inv sti ation is son outline in red.
Run- qff data for the San Gabriel watershed are fou din
the Wat r - Su ply an Irri tion papers of the U ited States
eolo 1cal r e7 (he re ·n tar re erre · to as e U. • • s.).
easurements ha e be co
acre fe e t
•
l o sl y
.
1nce epte r, 189 •
A Hydro ra
•
, S OWl.
o Plate I.
ai a 1 at
•
0 &U l.ll S
o tains
To
of C C
n : " y
C e
•
10
• •
n n
0 o. 0
•
1S a e per mont, ·s son
e e e ame a e of ars.
e een maint i e c onti ously in the
er 1 tio of
• •
1 l.
r
n- o
e u o
a le ,
t o
•
t o
tio
o e
,
ol o
s ee n
•
l. 0
100
d
e es
t
a el
• •
e
I
atio t e e t
0
l C
S 0 0
" 3
C a an e
• • • •
l e 1 1. or
•
i st, r in of e dr · ea ab o e z s s a e,
fro • s.
• •
0 0
in a o t 20 C
0 ani et r,
2
3
ater S
ater
1
1
a
•
l. a p , 0 c le of 1/ 00,
0 -
r y reas: th se are as ere ea r
e otal
I ri tio
i atio
1 221.94 s uare 1le s. n
-·----·--------·-----------
ap r o 21 , 85, 86
er
• 8 , ,
,
from the topographical maps, the elevation of the ·discharge ·
point of each secondary area was found, and the .followin
formula applied:
H1 - 760
Ai(-:-~--0.6 )
6
100
- - ----- · ---·-·---------
An<~ - .760 o.a
100
----------·--- - R ~
-
222
where A ~ ,area in square miles
H ~ elevation of disch rge point
750 ~ ,ele ation of Azusa
R - increase in rainf 11 o r Azusa.
- ,
The value for R obtained i v s an increase of reci ita
tion o er Azus& of about 9 ices on a watershed ha in an a
era ele ation f 2760 fe t. This is of co rse lo er than
the actual ele ation, ut ere ults thus obta· ad ar as
1 t ata
. . t·f
4
near y ccur e as e 1 n J s 1 •
or an ar a of 22 i es the ru -of inters o
• • • •
l
ches epth on t e w t r e l e ual to e 1S arg in acre
feet, divid by 11840.
F.
•
show t 8 re ation of r - o f
to the or tical
•
ale d ra1 a s a 0 8, o er a er10 0
13 . The
•
alue, di 77%,
.
ye ar
•
ma 1 m a eason C r e 0 lS
or the eason l -7 . ,
wa e t ird 0 re wet s asons.
The
• •
al le 0%, 89 0, t e seco 0 t 0 m1n1mu e, s a
dr
•
has easo s. e a er e so a r n 0 0 er l. r 0
een 109600 acre-fa t.
Th maxim
•
of
•
th
recor e l C ar 8 e r1 er or one mo
•
ar ch , 19
6
whe n t
•
ed
oc r ad 1n
, e r r r C a ma 1 u
- - --
-- -
4
• •
.1 and eet ee l ac1 ame.
b
Due to
•
p ot tin March an April, 1900, are to e
a error 1n
,
interchan ed
•
the Hy ro raph.
1n
I
height of 8.46 feet, corr spondin to a flow of 9360 secon
feet.
A brief investigation was made of the time required for
the ri er to sow the ef ects of storms. In the case of the
storm
•
this
•
ith a total pre cip i tati o
avera e 1n re ion,
0
from two to three inc es, lasting a wee or less, the
•
ri er
il to
•
the .
• •
at
commence rise econ ay, Wl ave a maxi um
end of the storm, and be to ormal
•
out ac l a a e
•
e riter as tel by
•
alph Follo s, of zusa, 0 has
I
a
camp a out lo mil s f om ZU a, t t cloudburst
•
t mount- a in e
•
ill the
•
to
•
le, ithin f a n C use r er 0 ome im ass ur
0 rs. n C a ca 0 8 e anti y of ater concerne
•
eet 1 not It
•
at l acre- 0 ar e. e m l e e
•
and rl
• • •
00 s 0 l e l co e r lC
•
1
• •
CCU a c
,
ro a1.n- s 0 co 10 s,
p - .
t C es, at l e t 0
,
a 1 ra a
,
fo i l
•
e raac e 1.mu
•
t o
•
co d 0 l 0 cc
of oc d e r a 00 0 1 4. e 0 a
67
•
t A
•
80
•
0 s l C u
•
0 l C 8
•
•
t 8
•
0 0 e 0 0 e pr ce n a
e r 0 f
•
0
e
, 0 0
•
t o"t 1
•
0 6 , 000 ere
C es. e l C r e
e
• •
t 0 0 0 Bl C m
8 8
•
•
l C a 0 r se r 1 0 s
1
•
to er.
e
I
7
PART II
Water Storage and Hydro-Electric Development
In those u. s.G. s. ater Supply Papers which deal with
streams on the Pacific Coast, the statement is ade, with
monotonous regularity, that 'storage sites are ractically
lac in ' in the San Gabrie 1 water- ~h d. If, howe er, re ser- ,
oirs hag to be ilt, then an ins action of the to ograp ical
maps of the U.S •• s. will i e an idea of were stora e sites
mi ht be loc ed. After a careful stady of these maps (see
Plate III) the writer finall decide on three pos ible lo cations, ass on o t e map in 1 e. In A ril, 1912, an in spection tri was ada to sites locate on the main stream,
hereafter efe re to a "B" an "C". s·te "A", on the et
Fr~, was not i ited. Photo st en on i tri are
s own on late
I I• . I I , an
•
The three A and C, ates I
.,
I,
as,
,
, ,
ana s 0
the to 0 ra hica f atur 0 th se
•
(
to 8 er 01.r
•
a
enlar
ts de from u.
•
eme wer e
• • •
s, ar in ro
a le of 1/62
0 0 to a s e 0 1/12 0 ,10 0 f to b
•
•
These
1 C
•
a ar ent
,
n
•
tol b ard,
r1
r 0 e 1n
o fice the Depart t of le
•
al
•
.
The
th
0
1n er1
•
oto ra hie r e ti ons 0 e ab o e lates r on a
ale of about one-
1
f m1. le to
•
C
•
•
.3 th nt of ater
•
•
l s W'S a 0
l acr -
8 8 s 0 1
•
•
6
eac r er 0 r, at a y ele 1. on 0 ater rf C
•
6
Fig.4 s 0 s
orof· les
•
of three am-sites, the ro a le
-
The olwne as calculated b eas ri n e area e close
each 60-toot con to r line by p lanime er: the olu e
between an two consecu i e contours, bein t e as e qual
multi lied by 60 feet, the contour inter a•
distances to bed-~ock being shown by tie dotted lines .
Besides showin the location and area of each reser oir
site , the map on Plate III shows . the route (canals, tunnels,
etc . l, of the power conduits .
8
Site ."A" is on the est For , just abo e its mouth . Its
total capacity is 39000 acre - fe t, nd co ers 480 acres, abo e ·
a dam 215 feet high .
Site "B" is about four miles from the mo th of the canyon.
The hoto rahs sown on
ate II ere t en rom the oints
indi ated on a . , late
•
1
a out 190 feta o et e pres t
area co ered is 4 4 acres.
Site
"c11
• •
1S 1n rro ca on
i to the am i 1 be
do the tr a. The total
•
tre of
on an
e
•
about 20 e fro A y r n
. 1.
Th m
r1
r,
•
•
1 tio
t 400 t
71
a a u 0
- r o e 0 a 0
•
it
hi est
•
I
w·1
-
m 1n so e e
1 e or
•
t t e
and
ot
•
ractica
e n rro
ase, 0 er a e 0 l e
fir t
11
t e
•
as at
a.r
•
0
can 0 0
es s e,
•
e.rl rti
.
•
t
1S
a n l. m C 1 e n
am, 0 co -
stru
tl t of
.
·t
0 0
a m er 0 l ro
an
ra it
•
Sue a ou l 0 a e a s t re t
· O
ree orce co C
e • e
an cy lop
so r
•
ates I 0
•
•
De
.
•
)
. le
l t 0 l.C 0 a e 0
l e r
a
sho e at r 0 e . e.
. •
'' "
'C"
•
nto
It l
ro ose t o a e res r 0 r an
•
1
b
•
f
•
rigati o
ater • T
"B"
lf 1C l.
e a1n s e r l
l ate I
•
h raulic
featur s own on
a
,
, are s 0 n l.
otal 1
t
•
124,000
rofil 0
ate
•
The
0 e 0 1S
feet, di
•
lo
1 e a 0
•
•
I
I
Siphons
Ra servoirs
Flumes
Penstoc ... s
. Tunnels
Fore bay
Tailraces, etc .
Total
6300 feet
44760
69400
5250
8650
200
12 460
- -
124000
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
The length of sip n i en abo e is directl across the
g
canons crosse. e act 1 len th o
•
1 e ne e r i 11 e
a out 9 0 feet . It is ro o ed t cross C ttl Can on by a
tunnel n er t e s~ream a out 800 feet o , with ertic 1
•
..
un els at eac en a out 40 e t on . Thi l t a o an-
· rs fro loo ater .
As
.
at of t
•
utar u 1n n- o areas l o eac re
• •
orti onal to the
•
al d a that
e 01 l ro ran a ea, a
•
fa ortio to t ti o
( a
e ra1 0 a e e era e s
C 1 e ef r e a e ag tota s aso al ru - q f,
0 0 eet, be
d.
•
fo lo , e r - l e u a
s .
,,
"
3 38, er eet
' "
46% 4 , 3 0
' '
' '
20%
' "
109, 00
" '
The th isch
•
9140 acre - fe t·
•
lo
a erag mo r e s 1n
ars, 0 180 mo ths, this as be e ceede 37 on s: ere -
it
•
th th
• •
t a ra e
ore 1S a
s ,
e lSC ar e 1 more a e
or 2.5 0 ths a ear, an le s
, 9. on s a e r.
li water
•
ret·c a l l qn / - 0'
e ower 0 a lS e
• • •
eet,
•
t, and
ere lS 1 SC ar e in eco s e a n 8
,
10
W . is 62.4 lbs. A formula that figures 74% efficiency is qh/12:
this has been used to compute the following results,
the HP available at the switchboard.
• •
1v1n
In the complete project there will e si power-houses,
with t e Pacific Li t & Power Co. plant at the mouth of the
canyon to e considere also. These lants, w
are shown on Plates III an
,
are
E On east ank of ri er a o
C At
•
take for E, at foot l
west ban of
•
n r1 r, a
A At int e for a fo 0
p
Present
p
L plant
Abo e zusa , ear
p
At int fo
z ,
oot
..
to instal It s ro 0 e
t
• • •
A,
,
an
,
Cl C r
n raters 11 be 0 8 atin r
wit t
•
le 1f es p
1n
on or 0 a
•
E
· 11
e
rt,
•
te n Wl e 0 e a 0 e
e a le n 11 0 s
---------
---
e1n
•
8Sl y . L. Chr·
di erent con ·t·on of e
•
t d es1 n a
•
e re servo1r
of e.m
0 9 re
am
0
uct·on
fr
r
. t,
0
e
e
e
1
dat
0
" a
'
m
e
•
"
"
•
er 0 1r
'
"
"
e r
e
1 e
0
a
r e
s
m •
se locations
fallo ws :
tB"8
' "
•
ts rs 1n a
•
These 1n
•
,
an ay
•
h l a
t 0 t
C 1 t .
t
( 1)
A '
z
p
B
Power De elopment Data
( 2)
38300
49300
21900
( 3
12
2.6
9.6
12
2.5
12
From E and
To P
p
12
(see Not
•
2.
Cl) Plant
(4)
63 .7
53. 7
63.7
69.1
89. 1
69. 1
30.6
122.8
--
1 .4
76.
-
1 3.
( 2
(
Acre - et season 1 s p 1
4
( b
onth o e
ec o - e
Static a
(6) Horse
(7
A e e o
er er
a ai abl
t an
- o e
( 6)
1226
250
(6 )
6040
1120
160 670
240
160
110
390
100
7 0
0 (
1380
920
2610
1280
0
o d ai
11
(7. ) (8)
5040 60600
1120 2800
6380
1380 16600
920 2300
630
2 10
28
89
1
6000
02
3 00
1 4 0
2240
•
e ar a, 1 o
_____ ( 8 _ A er ____ __ ________ -.-- on
rom a tudy of th rap , e see t there as
t tall t· e een e o · r too rate
the L P plant: i act, i n et e the
plant was 1st 11 d, t era er n ea ea
o thly is l s 7 e c It as
been assumed at ic· c y woul mo nt to f 11 lo d
the station for o o t o e y ar ad th t
i efi c i cy co 1 s lie rom the re er oirs ou
d in t is + es· s.
PART . III
Conclusions
12
165420 HP-qionths is eq~ivalent to 12960 HP-years • . The
market a.lue of a HP-year, on a basis of one ce t per KW-l)our
for 8760 hours is $6b.80, so the : alue of the ·power generated
o ld be $860,000 er ann m. Also, a flo of 163.6 sec.- t.
of ater would e maint ined co sly, areas onl a o
80 se c . - ft. ma o b e e e o or s uc s se e 0 t S
o t of ea n, a
•
0 l m r he it is o t
al ab le . T'nis, at 60 ·ner•s . c e to t e sec.-rt., is
•
u1 a n to 787
•
inc e • On
C n so 7,
iilih SU 1 •
•
os n e
•• 0 ter f ro 0 e
2 , 0 , 0 r
•
1n es r e red to o e c n
• •
1n l.
11
12
acr s
o pr
t
0
•
a n
•
t t
i c ie t to ·
e e e o
to
•
r1 400
0 0
I t e 7 O
•
r1c ,
0
8
e lop
•
t a Ga ri 1 h s a
to co er t
lue of 9,600 , 000 ,
•
lC 0 0 0 OS 0 a
, c.
e a t co 0 a
•
C e o c r e ce o C a s o 1
of·
r as C C o r s
•
01
' "
a 0
60 fe t to e stora e of 80,
000 o 0 r - e t , 0 t e e o a l os y
loo ,
r s e o ral 0
o de ic i t
-
----· -------- -
r o th
c . -
am in, 1911.
13
I LIOGRAPHY
ureau of the .Los Angeles Aqueduct, lhixg Jnnua,l futRot~•
Los Angeles, 1900.
ureau of Los Angeles A ueduct Power, [ir~~ .ADnuA.l R~Rott•
Los Angeles, 1910.
uinton, J.H., Code, W •• , Hamlin, ome r, Advisory En ineers:
Los An ales, 1 11.
Turneaure, F.E., ad Ru sell , H.L.,
First
ead, Daniel
Corre ct
· tion, ile an So , Ne Yor , 1 00.
. ,
•
cGra - ill o o Co.
United tates eolo ical ur ey,
0 •
o. 1.
o.
•
o. 7.
o. 81 .
o. 8 . S:tr
s :
o. 0 • d •
o.134. do.
o. 77. do.
o. 21 •
o. 26 •
o.271 .
do.
do.
do.
•
do.
do.
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ACKNOWLEOOEMENTS
The .wr i t e r wishes to exp ress his appreciation to those
who , wile not co nected with the University , have materially
assiste in the reparation of this thesis .
Mr. E •• annister , until rece tly As istant En ineer of
the Los Angeles A ueduct, the C ief Draftsman, r . Hurlbut,
and others i the En ineerin Dep rtment, ma4 e the or done
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Asset Metadata

Creator Brode, Laurence P. (author)

Core Title Water storage and hydro-electric development on the San Gabriel River

School College of Liberal Arts

Degree Bachelor of Science

Degree Program Electrical Engineering

Degree Conferral Date 1912-06

Publication Date 05/27/1912

Defense Date 05/27/1912

Publisher Los Angeles, California (original), University of Southern California (original), University of Southern California. Libraries (digital)

Tag OAI-PMH Harvest

Format theses (aat)

Language English

Contributor Digitized from microfilm by the USC Digital Library in 2023 (provenance)

Permanent Link (DOI) https://doi.org/10.25549/usctheses-oUC113174085

Unique identifier UC113174085

Identifier Sc '12-1 (call number),etd-BrodeLaurence-1912.pdf (filename)

Legacy Identifier etd-BrodeLaurence-1912

Document Type Thesis

Format theses (aat)

Rights Brode, Laurence P.

Internet Media Type application/pdf

Type texts

Source 20230616-usctheses-microfilm-box8 (batch), Undergraduate Papers (subcollection), University of Southern California (contributing entity), University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses (collection)

Access Conditions The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the author, as the original true and official version of the work, but does not grant the reader permission to use the work if the desired use is covered by copyright. It is the author, as rights holder, who must provide use permission if such use is covered by copyright. The original signature page accompanying the original submission of the work to the USC Libraries is retained by the USC Libraries and a copy of it may be obtained by authorized requesters contacting the repository e-mail address given.

Repository Name University of Southern California Digital Library

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