History of alternating currents

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Content I --- HISTORY OF ALTR NATIJ\TG CtJRRENTS . ♦ • J ,J • ,. .. A THESIS by AtJST TI· ~ B . T T . s . C. 1910 . . n a_ v ( .. V I t _ .l ~ .- 1 . .,, C . n , ., ' c_ . 0 .. ~ 0 ' -· 1 ., • • w .. ' -~ ·b_ . . d r ,. C" 0 ' 1- ., ..... ... .J.. . • . 1 tin~ , , . ... .,, • I ' . cu · f..> .l ... .!. ... t <. r ., .,. l B - ~ ical orld 0 c:t.C e ~ ~ e l . ' (,..: • . . l l C b ,- J l C - t V , • . ,.~ i . ·n ...L c; 0 ,· t. ,er I r J. 0 1 :i- - ._; J ~ . ' r j _,. ' r • · l .,_ • 0 ., r ) c.,. v i... 1. - . ., .... r: I. • t-- I,,_,, r: 0 ., ''I C u () -. • .. ~ l I a - ~ ) t l ~ ... I · (;]' e . .. 1 ... . • , ... r .- .... J I , lo R ,.l l . C 3 T 0 er , , ~ . · G f.J . r, ~ l 0 1 ] ... n ( l . ~ o • r. ', 0 • .. .J. .J., . ") I -. - - .. .! 1, n l ~c.; ":'.\ ' "I r . r•• ,.. ,,, J _··, o. v r . C .. • ,_ C '...J V - rn i f) olt Cl 0 , ... l . .... - I '1 • .. .. .... t . :.: r ..... • I c· 'Y C ,.. "' :_i_c · , - V' ..... J. .; • ) " -. 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' ' - , , • . - . .:. 0 C 1 0 co .l .. . ,l \] 1 J r• C l,,t ,, .A J.a t the r I u l d i v • e .. ·c ,s o .... • V i I e - • J 1 C l r 0 • ile t _e ,r~ v r , er e, . 1 O\V • C . let efficient o~or o~ t I 180 alter1 n cnrr n e er~ ere i ·co e.e enbereei . rear- Ile c.... r • piece of c1 steel .. rinG fel ~ o ·1 ra sE~ e ct d ee; T is Vias th_ bir~·:h of t 1 e . eter, iscovere d like o r4 a , irnport .. nt disco v-eries t. rou 6 h a1 . ace: en. ~ t . . ron1 ... 11....., eon curre . -, , irs lan"' ·· ... e i in 1 • rri e first r ..... ithin t t e follo ing e ~ r.; t) .l ive,... - . r. J.t..., ' , • r e , r - t,..,;_, ' • ... • ..&. or l. .1 c.: .d J rent 1otor . I in t !le C n S t r1 C i i · n, 0 f ►:J l Ch. 0 " . .J • • In 1 8 )6 s .., e instcll d ear later a t 11 d \7 ic o 1ee .r, .I.. l1 lo • r ~re ,_, lo n l 1 t ed t i0r.ed efore ~der : St . ~lat; n l c1, t i le v l a, Lowell, San Fr rc · sco , l ,., ' ' . . . o 11 ° in Lo c:• An .._. 1 In t e follo ir e; rear E constrt cted, princip'tl.-../ in t e larger citj • o e • • ) . Chicago , Cine in .1 t ·, P ... _il,.t.del t · 'i • nd i .. sb ru . places a.lso in.~ e,al l ed la11 T • • all ,. • s . 1 in ion creo.Ped rapidl .r t 1 1 t • time t er .r l lC , . . li ~ ' 1 ., . t 1nr ·ome ln e a .. C .l ::J ' • J - ca.aesce " Ov re 0 th e e t . :) t ' .,. e V -- ~ e eral ~n~ 1 .. of r nt . 0 : '{ ye f 1 - • 1 e~e \ re 0 ' 'I ~ .. 7 , . • - , ' 4 , • P . - ' Aocu: . . b vct l l } . . e r v - .JO , C l 1C ~ o...: - e I jl 1 et+ e 1 . lee ' ~ j _ co . i 890 , -v- l a . Or • Will 1 e 1 fro . ..... 0 1 .- n • ' • ee er ' t r . , a ') . C tly ro·ec . 1 ol w•· r .. a 0 - ~ .~ 1 r ina~ed • T ,o vol It 1 ro11 . ese ·er1c rave cnrre _ a~ s . w re- ceivt!d at Portlc:1,n cl a t · b u ~ , 0 volte a11d as red ced to 11 volt b T i c ,_ . r r ·. d o v e r · i ... nd reduce to 100 vo1 · c. a1d 50 vol c , according r S t e dema.1 d r e . 1 ired . load rwa rinc i~ all~. 1 i 1-J.t 1!1~ . Vic .1 els instal l d • de vel- r ,aver rve re r/ • C oped "f' • • o ➔ -- -~ . • e 1r 1 ~ ... a..., 1 C .' 0 G e~ • Later- . 1 8 ' ·i ve d _ e t . J n re ~ r -.:- 0 .L e e •r.11 .J .. , ' .L t ~ al . of : x· e :, 1 · - ~J o r-; e r 1 i ;) t C :t ,. o ,er ·1 ' ·-ac • mac .ine w,a,s 1 · r e c · rr , ., loa of 1 , JF s l li - .Lt R • Several "t j_ n . J .J. L l o"d au e ., 01°r 1 ' ro ligr ts . l ct 11 0~ .. - . 11 .. 1 _e - t 11e . .• O 1 0 ""''i Va. < ... e _ __ 1t ~ -a ,4 ~ • . J.. 0 r_ " ("' ' ot V' J i c , . ~ l . j . 0 1'.!t 1er~) 'i!e r _ ., 1 __ l e e v _lct er ,,.. UH. • • • ll , l 8 ., • ' J. u li a 1 C . ·i a 0 0 t 1 Gola Yi B !ill -- ~ . is c nc o · a , o r .,..or e t e r o u .. ~t e st c on r. r , r1 Co .L o .. ac_ o • Be ca 1 e o · feet o . a er Pe_ t l n J 1 e r 1 h t 1e side of t 1 e mo1 G' in r en ra+ed o i er at ' 0 vo l t 0 , 000 lt Cs . alte . nat on·, .. e f i e1 re ov1 ve ... e rv C! t 1 liv r c to of 1 0 ~ . [1 r r "} re vo l1 • a s nc .ro 0 I.'l 0 ... • • r· n. ) . ). 1 11 .. ) r • de. pla t de ,elo eff.ci nc .. of 1n t e . - a .., • • C ie • r J.. • 1 t • ... 11 C 1~ r r e r l OYI v r l . v - ,, • t • o f· • . e t:, _ a 1 e . OlL • 1 o. 1 '" l r 1n l .,. or 0 t \. • - - . sJ i ) . il:t · • . lt "'0 0 a 1 ar1ce , 1 ver r exp n lV ' C nil d at • ft. . fe ~ · ~ i1 e e 1 • e 11erc C l a . a Ya ere l le r ... r ...: S1 ~ ca.1 0 Jt e r C 0 1 { 1itte t o t e r .. .. J; o · 1 8 co.p l T 11 , .... ·'- , mile belo, Gold . _t ill. 1 , }_no install a. . e:r . .&. 1 ~l d s..,a ... e abot ('"') Ii ile . elow '"'ende d to develo e ~ o T • cit of ell e :nd · ~ il SU mill . (l e l .. e erator l. a 8 pole 0 e , u re se 1 H e O 11 l.ti 11 i C: 0 1 T t r ~ 11a ro n a.Y .. d C '/1 t l 0 1 1 th e 0 ... ns e o...: ins t lli • I • a 0 H. • OuOr l .n s 11 ill fe • , C: ~ n i ·~ s . . 11.1.ar t t:r1 Golr Ki ... 1 . l ..!. ~ 1 m e 0 r/. r house 1 ) 1 -..r to 0 l C of 7 re r.::: >. ) re v o 1 u ,J i 11 .. · . C J. • ... t, s D J.a ,, 1 s- --.l. I . - .J - m J. l e l _ · t io11 TT ·~ • . a 0 e JS e ~ 1 - sta. at i · 11 . It is . in- • 10 iles fro .. s • I 11 a ile t t , . . e re • • ~ • 0.L J.0 11S l . e ' in te , as t e d ... . ra1no, " • A · .. ro_ J. o • .r. el 0 ~ e wa\,,er ir e 1 a. c . 1 1r a . li a.1 v .. l 1 re u • T e va.J s i :r 1 lo r: a n <. i1 C 1.e 11. i t.J a. i a.IL.e . er J_ t 1 red_ 1 ce c C l ' V i.c i ai ed to nozzle. T effec.; . d . 390 ~eet. 1 • ·-, e v-e . S 1 , C • C 1 ... C " ~ ater . . . ,~3 0 i ~ biilt e 1~ 1 1 ) J • pover llSe of arced T . . f lon r; i 3 0 f t re n C Ol1C re e. 1 l 00 1 S ,. l ide. 1. 1 9\ /n f . Fror. est ~- are - .1. t:J _ 1e • g 011 e gener" 0 • of 120 . ilo~ t ' rnation · , 12 si ~~l C J.n ' ' a "t e , n • + 1 . . 12 volt g l 'ere ln I,; • .ne exc J. er n pe e..,; le of . a l :1 l e d . · 1 capa XC J l .. e e; n e a or 0 or , :a vt • 1 0 r e ~ 1 ! - ,,,.. s a 0 C ., .... __ . T 1 c. O'- r 0 a . 1 - .: • ~ us 1 omo 1· • 1 he r.., ar vO p ,... 11t ' , t} e Al . id t b. Ca Oll~ 01 r1c } . T- h AJ ric ide plant 20 1 e • J COl 1r. ' VO ' cy~le, ,o T WO , 7 ;~,O 110, a.t • • . ' a e or o · C aci • ~ ... ar. rn i::o revol t • . 1te • T nnd - e l Cl1S er l l r re rn 1 r 20 fc.e re ,~> 1 l ed . tra _ forme 2 , l • o·v1e r e. ra s r or.1 volts to 11 , 00 volt and e d a , .., h t 'lolt ase • In 1 8 eve 1 1ore ene. ator erE .. . t 1 e~ , .,er of i e e a .. h fi 1n .. a_l,._e • . }1e • F our . 1 · l e ce J on 0 a e .. , r a 1 • e CJ . o · 0 ~ . i.to ,ra ca Jae i r, 50 volt .. o excite t _ ene:ra rs. l ·1 .,~ c a l o XC i 1 te i b l 1 -'-- o ~ r ru a a .. t . ex 1 U. - b • T OV ..... r O l enou ·_ J 0 r1av t n n l r.1- b Y" · t ca e America .d or r c era or~ a~a 011 b. a a . · an id g 't, 0 • m ., .l. e .. t . . S C'- • J. 0 ]1 S f.iO l ] 0 ~ . J. ' l, a .. F , Co ' . - 0 < li . , r ' 1 sr 1 J 0 ri o • ft_ ore c v 1 l 0 e • . 1 r cest . led l' f; al l, ' . s OJ e - e J.n a r e r . ' - P.no \, · _ ·c h I .,,cte . h' p e r e ,· Ol e 1JJ - i . }le ~r Cali . ~ tt . on - .n 01 r 0 OU 0 l , re l 0 0 ·• .. ... • . • Corn: an" ~i 11 I t • 1 ~ l. .- 1 0 .J r e e. .. 0 . l 1 1 - , 7 . ile fro n. A_ 1 . h ree ·t OS s . _,.n co 1 } ' c l 0.,... 0 . 0 rra.; t p 1 to1 . , ... d 'le lo ca r • ~ .r - -~ 1e , • • 0 ol l ! d d Q _ 10 r 1n _ Tl a r 0 11. ~ _l • • • ... ,) 1· e s "' • . 0 . • C , · ·} r . 01 , C n .> . J ~-.,1 0 }1 - - • 1e n o · lo. r ·1 .. 1 , 1 l[., ... I d • Il. ,. • • r, l. .. e -'- C .. 0 1 · '3 ~0 .{ · 10 • vol r,; 0 0 .. l'J V ct. - r. 0~ a c a Cl ,. - . d- , '7. 3 0 vo1 ·· . t 1 A a g e , 0 0 1 1 o· .. .. • . talled , ir 1 lo h h i G Ill ! l 10 lS ,; e er. ce lpO l at d }_ t 11 • . b l r J.e r r ,, 0 0 11 , 0 l ( 0 • • . e · . c J.en't . Alone vii l !l 1 talla.t io11 C o 1er h ot e t ; 0 or ' r form l ' s i ' e C • , _ a t ~) C • I 1 _1 .I. 1 .- r ase . 0 or dj.f · ic 11 tie s ., ,,.. s 1rn10 n ed an }10 ~ r C ~.cal r er of s Cll • mo or n11e le d 0 a .. • I 1 , 4 }1 -lectr·c Cornp a n in t· l l a l ·e r n · .. • i f c \ 1 r !·e. _ 0 o . It a. 1 0 , 0 vol t 1-1 ,, ... r s te ~ j t }_ .r. Cal· . SOll 0 • Tn , 1 .- l nc :B'r C b ecan t be erec+e • ., e Pj arE> o 1_s . . . 1 1ne n c r ine s • e t re "t e V - ,, o f ,. 1 i o e r 1011 a d 5 ~ e v ·v i d . r ather cri e , i b i C e :, verne ~ c! 7 ee t b i • .A 1 iJ • e ave r ' r .- 0 . r J ' h ~ \,) e e1 i e t t . 1 - ,er a ~1e-on- ne- ne , s ta. G io11 · a. in . .i. all e d o of cablQ md 6 ile s o· r, • J ' I l ai ove r ,f , il , h str .. l ed i .. 1 1 8 90 . In Lo do11 t b > t 10 1-- r e~~ . irs ve st . . s t e e r . lect · 1 Cop n, 1 i st ell la"' 1 o 11 of our 3 capac ..1. t e e1 avO ~ r n at c..' 0 revol11tic 11 . J.. - . h r o g e V ee r ine en -i e · , a d e Ci , of Loi do Co pany r .in 1te , ich. h a e co r c re r e t e f ' 0 vol · • t t · 1 C o....: 1e · r p 1 1 1 , , • - ,- - - .?r a 1a . ic ~ 1 s 1011 r1 C• 0 l '.) ' o ..... ~ ~O e e -• t e c !O a r , 1 f o vol · 0 1 . 0 _ l r o ' • lV'e l t lie ,oc . ~h 10 vol A t .; . l '"t • 0 1' [:; l ril' - • .J. . a1· e .re -r or V lat r C l .ro 11 rn G, 0 ' 1· .br - he line b . icb. t t 0 .. (' ~ I , c.1.~ra .. ~ a e. l • ' ire C rre r O l l c b !' o~ n1 1 t o 1 r , t j_ • current 11 e .;. after te . t i C 1rr .t g er it ors had b e n ~ ·. · c lle 0 • 1h e st a e cellf; coot ) 3 ' • ~ ie e CN )Q lt 4 ' 0 oun s ,. 1 cover - a flo or .... ace of loO ~qi .. re f e • .I. ~ e • . l .Jl ,. ntc1 .. .. c 1 J a _ erec a • 1 8 1 .. ... w re e t . Croix Po Con 1,. 1t . ~ Santc A . • 1 p l e. 1 ct C r 1 e . _l J l tat - ·:h e -1 s • evel 0 1t h ,o Vi 1cn ..L a - • .... . eac n . 0 0 ic rh ,1 3 . . et o~ o ... \,'\ :inc 1 e l. ... ' ' ed • ~at 3 C ec 0 C l) C l r • ol . .1it _ . e c::- 1 . , . " Al l l .o l · 0 l ..,; O V r • .I. ~ st a . j_o . • • l 0 .. r ' VO C • .. 1 1 - tTI to r i t a '.,J ) vol • r n fr er ar 6 in nurnber f t ) _'"ilo at t rrJ , "s ar" or c o e "'ed l r ... ro d . r r 1n in 0 cit 0 re v o 1 l t i 11, · g e1e a r . i 11 e a ca ~c ·.t . o ... 4 .. a a l of e xc: · ~ 11 of tr1 en rat r s . uoGrd is • SW1 _oi ge rat or a1e , o servic anel , n u h e c _ane . e 11ta Anna i'le it l te · 1e J.;os An · le~ o 1 s J. V • ,a . t t 1S ro ig r tunnel s , . h e ·t h · 1 , 07 fe , ,- ,.. nal , r{ ose len t h • 1 , ~ 10 f C ~ • T .. C r O ,~ .. , e C t i C 11 0 ...: h ca 1ctl i i C es b 4 f et · er e an a carr 1 • r of 9 , 0 j_ nches of '· at r . .L r • c· r ~ 1 ) ,"J 1 OJ r:- . Jl D. , 0 J.. 30 inc 1 e t h l G V 1 C -- fe j r ec o h . _ ... 1 r- r e V c:.- t_1 1 r- r • li ,... 1 .r 0 r o • "' 3 • 1, .c J. • nt r ,... I r' - ·,, 1 el h 1 J l C _< • h .. , r 1 0 r vol 1 inute a1.. genera e 1 " h O _ • -· . er - El enerat or c n r ... ~! at 50 ol age i I • -·· ste ) e d- J ... e fr om 1 g .i..o in . l !.e 1 - • ~ n . . C r ..... 0 ,. 00 ol · c.. .. b r a IB ·o a11d tra ~ mitte d 0 Lo~ , 1 her . + • . 1 l r r 1 p rece a. a 0 i ..l. '"'0 , 000 vol ·s . v n 1 S V ·. t }1 ~, -· l. t - . 7i tC!l t) H ,:AV • ~ er'"" ..,.; V r ' ...,. .I~ • V • U ' ' ... h e lect r . T ·: ol e .erct. C 0 • ... C C " r " or "Y" co 1 e cted I • t -r l ded e 1tr 1 . T 1 e ~ a e in ece . er & .. 1 • ca.rr i e ·t load e ver ~t c . Its os r o : n l. e t .ire ·. ... .tie i n e ad L er i ic . e 1 l l e o 1 e e - i eer seemed to t h i r. i ·10 tl or.r ec e XC re re. - - r s fo 1 • • 8 C • 1. ear r 1 . 0 in tall s co ) 1 1 . C e~ - .. en V led 1 ill Cr t nl t • 7 il Al I • 1 • 1 • 0 • C sti u one 1ni of Ele·c~ ric Co· , of 0 ... 0 vol 0 . , C - • .L. e or . T e ol · c, C.L , , .J 1 _ Jc C 1."' ' , j;,) ' 0 vo t s n r a · t ed o Lo ~ A.geles . .. a er • i t-; or o \ . t _ 1 , 79 c l1 r l ction o o r cl L e ;:> • 1 i C e . 1 e · a er i 5 7 1. ·ner i . c h .. . OS o b e r i lie u r ... 1 826 l _ ,.. e • e pre . l r . 1 • l t . l l • J... .l t,. l t n re c d 13 i C • _ n e -31 . .. C, p evelo C'.' 0 0 ? ... . . . it - ee f • .i. ,. r 11 l.. • l ) .. • . 1 . "O ::10 r o 0 .... c t • c a l .. '1. ..., r ~1 0 1n- a 1 1 0,1S .. ..i.. r 0 , ..... . 0 • 1 0 0 t "' J • , C 1 o~ . , r .., . V r c"'· e r a. .) ' 1 ""\ e ... ".:. i eld, t _ e • .I. ' t b i u l l , s team ol c ... - erec -- d ' n e t h • i .. ,. b V t/ • h e s pl nt on e ),4a ed ... .r .,_ ~out ~ a_iforni Po ill r vn e , . • • • • "t j . , Co·. nan r t A .. lS S 1 0 r e a .a. V ed T 1 iver r 0 e s . e n"' .,a esi .._, ed an cons uct d u cl Sl ) e v · · si n 0 e 1r , er . E . • .. • J_ • • - ,ra ers e . 300 f ee V r 0) a 1l ..- 0 • _ a t l a r "\ r.L 0 ea il , • a 'l f r oL t be d o_ . e 0 C ll .. •.1 r e ,. r r. r .. a. It . i . 1 . n r n . c,rri e n l V • OlL tai 01 ~ ...., r ot Ll d u . 0 re s n1·e - .J i . ~e . c a 'tl s a aci o_ r () 0 ' 11 .... :lC .i:1 0 · a.4.er . r r t • n ce r. e 1 .n . 0 1 e + 1 0 \J 0 - - - • fl1m is , 1 - e e s 1re i pe a r • 3 . c~ e • 1 l! ) r 1 ~ . i · __ et # . : , ..J , ..,1 0 lo • 111 ee , l .i 0 t 1') e s r~ . . e e ,:.> r - 1 t ~ t - '"le · t - C , r r 1. 0 ~ C ve1--. -'- . } t ,1 . so 1 "( J. 1 t h.e ater • de - J 1 1 1 0 po I 1 g t e t n r Bl ue 1 il 8 ro ful venture· .Joul 0 ve r t, e _ e a a . o .. r . il-r· ce . i: t boil r 1 e . 0 ee 1 r u "' lectric 1 Co n:.)a H'rr . T an CJ. ,JC O • ru 11 t_ e e· r , a C'! s a r te r · c}1 a 2 . . et _ 1 inrr t e r i ~ . t v ' • l b a a r o1nd - . i n .1 T ... . lled a , - 0 ver.,, on ccoun ear. .... 1 0 1 t t H CC ,; 0 t a d r1 i l i s to c:t ie fr o 30 t o 7 mil'"' " dist· _ ce. T ... v V CO d a ~ ., e s "' re"'" c ., e .. e.J i1 crea e t eir vol a ·1 i 1 exte c a lin to a .... r' c i :, C • n, co .. D--n · r s t i s t l l e c t o O ' ve v 13 1 ,Lr' • ,. ' .,I,. ole. carrie nc s i 0 f t 1 t . ee ·,rac O .J l • Pelto ca 1 O U e. , l l . . ' t nr ... e al 0 erect 0 r a OH le st ed rrl • la 3 1 • u of 2 i C e s . A yet onl li • ' li • l. • a 1 • CO • il • • l u io 20 , 0 li r e \ VO li e s 11 d "' l ol s . e - . , a l ... e 0 i ~ to noz·.,le C J. f r o ' to ' • 0 , ru 0 1 8 • • ~- 1 e in t a l le . t . r;; 1. ln J •• long . - -rec s]r . r j it_ vol s · s ee o e4ate o t e z 1 i 8 - 1 -1 .- _ a e z , 0 0 s c . l r o ve r . i. - r re ..... l • • - • sta l . ti 0 1 at ion) . Onl ... r e r.r ou c ti e .. .. · .1 stalled. A re · t irect cu re t ti n. • 'l~r 1 t 11 d during nis eriod. Te _ar . e t inst ~11 ti i 19 1 t . _o. 2 plant o t .e iagara ~alls over Com an , . Tee ti p~ n~ d i n t v~r uc fro t e eq i p·nen~ alread descr· oe d i. t e descript ion of t h e Jo . 1 lant . ne ener '"" tor· . T a ~ ~ , t t h r ri c _ e i r ;;il par t _ents, s o if a ~t . i 1 0 0 di 70 feet lo : • r d \7it ~ t ~ ,o sets o·· bus- bar, , eac, co:u .i 1 t i itsel • .J- + ..t:tt . e OU v Uv 0..l 1S 1 nt is 1 ·e to liL 1t the c iti .. o~ ·:alo , ona~va_da , Loe _ o .r- r t ix on } .. .. ,. vas 1 4 , 378 , 0 kilo att - ho1 r s . ,. I 90 t t ~ t :J T . , t n l 2 .n. :ere r n s ..... ea net .. .J i n o_ nd i na olis fOtl . t • ol - 1 Yo , o:.. :.. r • .• e 1. .. . nr o_ ' ad uat _or - s ci ' 0 e t i o 0 i .. r 50 0 ... • • cl o 1r 61 .., .. . . • t irli1 g ., i e r o f 1r 1 i s • r; l lC 150n il rats _ _ ore • v o Al 1 i s - C 1 ~ e r s , 3 p" ' s , 2300 volt, 60 c \ cle, 10 0 kil o -att canaci , ge1err or· ner e, 2 . vol, 7 O kilowat t 1 e d . e. rators were i n tal e d . Tvo 1rb in e citer · ere inqt• lled to excite t e e er tor . wo · 1 bstat lo ute t e ... ow .. r • · ere er stat ion na . nsta_led w~ · t 1 1 0 ci • • in 1 · : er p 0.L t !:ro . Ali - h lme r" was used o , eat t e ~l n i t . ~ , 1 • ..A.. 1 vn era o r ~ s a Int S11 er t v ..., r s ~ st . Gl o 6 e 0 • el d C e A b · n r s • - ..1.. - e e r or r - 1 r - I n 1903 t a _ c r Jle c rical Cor a e~ected a nt w. t 1 0 foot e r. ere • 2 J i lo r-t ts . . - g T e pl t co iste o · \ 0 250 kilo at ., C pacit ' 250 vol ·w , 3 . a,s e e era ors. e ow .,r e - J: erate rvan tran. ~i~te d to .. 7 4il d · sta t. Bla.c r,el l cla • Cl, t ~ i to t . lons dista 3 . • • t e e 1r s ce r se power 1J rans 1'"1S1 n 1 e Un· t ed tate • ate,... an 00 f oot .. e d iVaS ad e and a 2,4. 0 ilo, att ca acit , 11,000 volt ~enera or insta1 l ed . h i s oenerator was con- nected in l)ara J.el to t h e Santa Anna 1 nt and tran itted to OS An eles, distame of 90 miles. dison Cornn nv of os .J,,. ., in tal l ed, i t 3 p l 1t . Alt. is ear 19 3) s~ . e u·1 i c; 1ith J 1 il re ,,k . o • 2 , .1 i 1 l C re _ 1' o • ot ~es. 1... 3 rec _ o . ¥ 1 o s e t o ta 1 1 e t .r1 i s a. e uilcli "' e t y · r t . o ti ct JOY ri s i vS la er t , "'O Il n i neteen tnnnel 63 fee~ it t cro s ec~i on of 3 b feet. • • , _, s a cap cit f 1 ,1 _ner incnes f .¥ ... J... e • 1 n r s1-~u ... d t }1 • a - e (.,; 1 VAl c i t y t . ater • 1 9 0 feet. 1 S e ~ a 28 ouc . et s r1ron . ..:.1 a #- ec o 37 r ""evol 1 i o ar ' a .., n e 0 ) pe s 9 .... e t o . .. J, inns di to ..,1 . re l C e r .. oou al i.¥a r o- • • 9 . 2 '- 1S - 0 v r) r -v ec o. rl • t .. Its i n ~ 1 :p • - e . ., ., e.&. or onc 1 0 ct . elto · a e\,19 " h l s . 0 1 V ., J.-, rr 1 · o z .,l e • 1 C 18 n d i e ~ 1_1e - 1 ve • "'Y'\ . e .. . 1 l :J 1 ,I .... de velop 120 ·--. P . e C .1. • 0 t l • 1 e 1. o_ ran , o r ·· a i d :ran. r:1 it t d t . a 1 ce of 7 . • 1 i a , , 00 VO 1 S • . ore TI O e.4. 0 1 S er n" a ~ha ver 0 ore. Co n t." Cl ,rilf or 0 rf,, 0 :pa i Rta a n . l __ r::: l • d c ·, C 0 1 , -,) r _1 a ' 1 0 l o' . s - ,p 0 3 C 1 • n_ ~ '-' 0 - l . te . 1 ,, v ... ! 1 1_ • I C11.ica , o , Cl 1el • t· . - e V 0 ' OS ' , C1 . e l. , i~ts . llr . 1 de 0 l , er , n - - e d 11 '" r • er C or e 1 r i . r. In Celi • t . e out _ li· or • dison, .entio or 1 1a e • t Co 1 ... a An -- eles, erecte d t l 1 • er • . 0 0 0 one t tle ere . l t _ 0 er t Lo~ An . les, 0 '.: • a OS An 1 - C . 0 . 3 • he tle ere, _ ~ t I • inota l ed . epte 11ber 1904 1. n \Vas 1 L tle Cree.'. It . n ile fro. Los A . ele capacit of 1S n a a 50 ilo·va It • e rated ~ rater t t 1ro 1 t l _ el s , lu1 es • 1S 0 )r onu d • 15, 7 f e, lon 2 inc h • • .L it . a res ~ure l l _D e s in 1 ; e e ' a vel oc i ,. • 37 fee t . nozzl r o ... r co "'VO i ve ' - C el .;1 s . t~ . , .I. t .. + 0 eraue 0 1 rv e J. WI e .... n 01 C.:' s . e r " r e. .. a re 2 ' c ~ c le ; 0 11 r 11 , 5 0 vol s a a snee d of 37 re- 1 - . - 1 13 . V ·1.on IJ r 1l 1 r :'l ....... e . ~ . -- ~ ' eet . • ~ -tr1 le ' t , eet. r '..) 1 ~ C e s cro s ,, C 1 . 0 0 ' <..) ' 1 rrt t . 1 fl lrne ls 1 137 nd h e • J () ,J e or ca. are ee "' co ll - (..) • 17,111 lo It he h " 3 f ee t d its l ee , . a p re • 1re a 0 r a e .i:: OV v ,,r to Loe! 1 a • ' volts . 'T' T OS le . st • 11 ti ... e o . 1 l '.,J ' C . • l e . 00 1 er ,. 1 lec"'r .! c 1r 1 ]1 a nr nr 1 e 0 .,... ed . A nril • ., r. be r 190 Curtis tn r 'b .' ~ S .. 1 1 ) er 1 ' t 0. u r n e 0 t,. ) a e ... - . ta_le It 7' • • it~ n r ,. s i n • r re'1o 1l l 1 a.n e 1- 1 vol • • . • d . err s . 1 8 s :t o V" ce _ ve s in 1 10 0 ~ . , . . i ll Cre 1, •T · o . 0- ' L e cn1ne s , 0 e ·r O • I • , ' - 1 ree _ ,. , l . " ,... o . cl .l O • ' C r • 1 . 4. - t n1a t . 1 ." rlin bo 1e 0 ... e 0 e co . J. s ' - - • 1 0 T d . ...1t w 1C ar e _ are r ara . t i ... . • . . • • # T.) 11 ... plaJ t is: e .,l r 0 de 11 er ade . rt i~to r n , Q , t 0 e : - V - citer set , "\ h . • e1 1g ..: ~ e • ecte . ct r l!l s e r . n .. rec"'- co ir c 1rr nt e a r· . it capac it 0 _ 'il ra ts a 12 volt s , s ii te l board, a d uc11. a -r)ar ... s a 0 a_ e a u • 0 date . ovver t1 0 • • • at 0 , 000 vol " " ected and io e er 1ver J: owe r come 1 n I con r - d ced 0 r) ' 0 n l 1 5 , vol • "vVe r fro t ot r sta .. t i o s t i oned . • 3 , o red1c e d to 1. ,o vol s re ~ive a n s. _ro here ·t . dis r· ., 11 to ri on _rct ti o C 1 t d 1S e V l over e 1:-- ro -~ -i C 01ll1t r T L e 1 . ac 1. t of t h e .l 1 t • 1 0 , ilov "ts e • 0 C and i t ila.S t J O an ov rload 00 kil o-vva s f r L vo l r . • .L ... 1 iver p l ct. t va erect .. d i 190 8 a d under ~ __ a · · r w : 1 1 A 1 _ nt N 1 · en ct"eate d a re a deal of i en io i .1 0 the Catawba Power Co , ~A,_ , , ~ nlant . ear 1 , • n 1a o o_ 1l C Y-o- lina. one o _ .l. r h r lr i c 1 o · e erected i ect:on 0 t e ollow .'. . :.) e· r it 320 ... • • • t t .!. e : d . 1 90 nired r i ac 01 ad e h e V r . . I o h e 01 Cr :, I ned r 1 0 , n ... .!"°l • - • e e o . , t 20() 1' i . 1 ' ... . • p l nt s no iv car -'l l oa of 1 , O .. . • .:. or 0 l ' • p l - vo 1 . i n t _rie tar t b1 n i • 1 e r at v- 0 ~ 3 0 V no • l art o t o er ~ t ra . 1. it te d 0 , 000 vol t . • }1 ., 0 1 r ll' 1- ile • t 0 t ,_ a t .. i s 1 ron le , i n 1 0 . , 0 vrl • • ! 1 '~ 1 h • 1 .L l t nd • t .. ) ' 1 ·.,.. . . .• n ,., 1 . . } .. . .... .. _ . · 1 • v :1 ., d v a _ c C r _ ., I. Il. e 1 .. l - - .. t - l . 1 ~ ~ S • • G l 'i . 1 .. .. . • .:, ~ ! -- • I . I 1 '' i tz 1 . ' r "" C '?, land, Can d • n n eve . 1 • ler le xt e t ouce . eva 0 . or or l 1,,..) r . .. • lo t . ev e in 01r O\ r 1 a .. vie • a 1905 i C. '1 c n ot_ r U r . · e -r f or , adv' C of • n c .. al . urre 1ts . -r . .,..s - • ·tallatio of t at e n a 1n r e 1 e e· r \Va .... .. Sis~ <iJou , Califor_ i· • It . ta_lation of 5 kilo al,t 11d was an 1n one t 1 NO 7 0 kilo rvatt t hre ini t . t Ge ... g er rs . er 0 er lect • Corn~, n 's '5() vol 3 o-r mhe t lC , l. e, e enera or . p_a r l a r elivere t o , .11. nae 31 011n 4 re nre . er 1 J C .n • I .L. out, Califo • • Co·. - a 0 .. ear lJ e r r r 1.a 1S0 \_ i nstalJed ec o r d l ant t ta . I • an, 0 a nn lVjr . 1 - n wn . s a o . 2 . h e n ant a s t 0 nl ~• t C · + .. nae iv ... of 12 0 · 1 0 -v a · o d-i e t . 'J G Jl • e ..... a ... or s t, e 0 er C ., r lC . ht , ... t 1 . · h fa 1 :>r o 1 o 1L ., .1.. ve : n N • • ee an _ , r o s sec"' 1 0 .r ~e n cne, e • ' 3 0 it divi s . a 1 , o: _ V ;l t . to 3. ' C n a . r1 p r .., , ; t n I .. . l .a ;_ . 1 c .. S • o· 3 4 "t • ,,) . IJ . 1 · . e • 0 1 ane t i • r V O _ l · 1. 0 ol ..:o r tr a ., o ~ ' 1 " ' , -J J - 0 ) l d r • 0 V 11· s J.!l • 1J ") .... .I,. J. S 3 . . ter 1t . _ . ] 1 ·- m. l C.11 • ..i.. ... Je . T g . V • . e,,.. ]1 1 ("f ... ~ . t.:> • • .. r1 1 31 0 OS A Com 0 VO ,... nna e - ' .J .I,. J n . er s s C f . Y) 0 1 o + o n h e st ; • · t _, - 0 .J 1 le 7, 3± f et,and ca .. als } 0 C n,. -- S e 1 n i it e , f l ar 00 P . r vou or ol ..i.. ag n .I,. .). • 0 2 , i or s . d • 1 . 11 s . . C 0 00 . J. o- · w s o· !1..., ov t .. , e 0 St )01 ,.. 11t C. 1 ( . 4: 11 tl : ·. 1 tr J" " • ost . C n 1 O A1 - ·. a 0 0 , ac s, · .. st JJ s r eet 1 • y_"ll 0 a n iJ 1C ve n 1 t i _at; c pc1cit o 60 , 00 k i 1 ·1a t s . 10 , 00 ilowat t o~ t . e , O -ra · sta l e d r a ... ... e b oi l r nonse s e t 1 1-. r ,/ . f ct ,vide . It 1 s se V ~ fi r r o. 11 r bi1 ro o. ' . r. e • fe . ouse 1-:) 0 ~et 1 nd 3 fe t fee in t . .:. i s ~ o 11. e ar c o capaci'"' oll d r oi. t l: c}- boar b a re , ote co .. r ol e of t e Cur ·. r , 0 00 ~ <:ilo va t co r ecte r , 60 C' cles , ,9 0 volt , e . _ e ge1erato r s ar d r i1e~ at 2 , 3 1 vJlt • Fro~ h i s i .. +, . ex ~ rc1.ordi 1 • se "" a .., n -- s an · r r oe D O ·1 r a j ~ or · • i i 1 • • s 1me e e ar 1 n _ e a e • . . -.... - I .. 1 h n ri . 0 .,...{ ~ Co .... a , r i s"""al e a _ore n o 1 ~ e Ca . d. i d ""~ . • is t a_ e 0 . I • jar r . e 1 so a ., I ater fro • . t • • b 1il r--1. H r i j r J. d:Ln er - 1 & a r 0 . ' t . e . t . h e • t . _ .e 1 ice over e nc va er 1 cc ~ r o .. 7 V1 1 s . .) . .. ~ a .... r hre turr1el ,. 1ose tot · 1 cap it, s 12, i eet e .. t oe _ • In eac C ·: s i 1rbine · t ... -\ 1 1 a 7 . .eve_ o 12 0 'T - . • 1ind e...,. t .. e 1200 • r· are p _ a e ol , 1 ~ r l !1 ! 1 i L at 1 7 • r • ions te . Tne o 1 ca c .· t o te . 1 ti ' u - . - . ... e po 1 r y t _ ot 1e .. an 0 dire c 1 0 t oc ,. or and 0 ta • p Co .p 10 er • • Loe ~ ... ort 0 • Po Cor . . h - e .. 1 . .a r a , n r1.o 0 a tated a o v .. , 0 V 1 a t e ... l (-., ' . 0 • , - - 0 0 t • t 1 'la~ 1 0 r ) O ' .L: - - Al . ht 0 v1ide rt i 57 ilea • 0 a r 0 ee 0 ' ,. r, - - t nt . Al 0 anoth 0 , 1 fe t V :l. to h' • ort, 10 1j_le e ir dis a t, anr 0 r to -~ . ~.J r l' • 7 e ., "d d 71 . ile s - ., . . to al 1 tra .i 0 si line 1f' 1.. a _ c s a 0 n cl over nese l i ne 6 • tran . te A t ne pl nts at the fal l s lo ' • • - • 1 1 • ev t . ect tr . 1 , oo P . at ti in t o· rn"'J a .1 X 0 n ·r .. 1 v ... . so e .l fut 1 re • S r c n. · e i t lar e tc n ,. 0 '"' s t e :J. . I re i e 3 0 , 0 0 ~ -. P . T e sp n on t e tr i s i on line are 0 fe t . lon ·e t s is 1 , 53 feet. 'i' e s ste_ i in som , 1 ce ~oo 1 . an is re 1 "e o 220 ... Loe r ' , ror - - e , uff r oad Co ~ p r al 0 lar 9 OiNe r HS iJ ... , 1 , , oo • 1 1 • f 'l') ' 1 1 ' . ' o r : 0 .,; - l C .._ V . r1 ' • 0 e con 1 , 1 r • • i li s d . I t . e iOOde . - polv section • p o ... r 1 a l rr. n ~ i 1 e cl o ar e11ville, rac ns . T e .,.,r·· e ... il- 9 cond1i ile re 1 i · ta • a 11fa t 11-e o c ... bi • 'i' ... .. re 1 r C r - 0 1 ad or 1n i c on- • . ,, : t .. ce C r l G c _ ... i nlato r a it e o f a end t o t . in· t lt fr - e b · s a cl . r ou . de • I t h 1 i ;) s ri _ s t e li t e/ r e ead of . . 1J - ( , C o. ~ <..:) o .L o r 1 s f r o n tori u • A i t !la" s c na r . e n r eitr r ol oiV' i sel o l~ or t ere" V arc . or u r ote c.., s i ul or e --na er • A t .n 1 · ~ e s o 1. ,. r un J V C01 V - r 't l lC s l • e Ct o li d w on V r ,, In t . . r t ~ ac ific Li t an c:l o to • t ., + e ed e a e 1r v • 1 - . ar er 0 n (l r . s r rn o l r a ,, ,oo V ca. a .., V 1 t . - e a Ga riel C n TO ' ., w d 1 t a h· rd JJos An et s Lo A T 1 nt . · tua, . ile e • J. e 0 0 l. .., e 0 ea n , fro· A :.:> e l e A ~a . i t d et 0 r 1 , co r erec , a . 0 a • • l • f r ev r :. - 1 0 t - nr h V 1 e over a bove a cer ecifi d nun1ber . T e ,..,ffi ci C"-' ,./ of t. ,, ~ 1 ~ 1 t a so t e co· ... anv , ai< + e 1 on i. · on reco · d . T la s a .,; la i e . o · l e s }1i e m o h r t! i i • 0 to re an r· ar o i rs w 0 f e • c ,, in ea • h nl \l oil f or f u } ic i b il r . u 1 o a1 o or . r v , se ... , · t · " r ~ a r i · ve i .1 e · r- ac+ . iler i a n i1 a er. ... ~ te r d at 17 ~ O de rae d u )er 1 e o _i,re 7 . h e t· C • • OU oubl a s e n , r- 1 V fed ot l eac , n r • 1r .... hor . tal}a d. vert · al co . ou .. c , i e craru , cI to h ~ e mour conde en ~ i ne s . i rec 1,r 0 1 _ e , O O _ ·_ o at , 5 c~cle a e r · 't/ l i Ch . s Ulll De r o 1nd t fr o· o .1 r 5 . il a . "'"' G C p l v e ec ed to 9 x 17 x 1.., • ar -· s1 a .J..:,l h ef 'lal ve, i e era k e . • . 1 ctri ilro· d 0 e l . lC e. C 6 . 5 ;;. ar·1 .,ure coil o · n . A r ' t 0 1 h t d t .... o. Al • bO , l A tll lo· e v1tt _ _ t 0 . - 1 . l 0 i 1 1 e,,. · t or· i ... l • i e ea cod r . h ge erato r s are xc e . .Jlectric e c · t r . 1.r C ~ . n Or D l .... 1- C e 1 V 1 t o ,OS An 1 }er t h e l e oa. h e .... 0 1 n 1 • A 1-1/ ve 1 • 1 a /4 oad ' 0 fr i b e 1 • - 1 8- vol"' f or o itc . - , ·nut r e • c on- ,o VO if·c • 1 • i 1,. ~ : t re spec to t a 1 • h 0 ,.. r 0 0 C C l. e occa • I 07 n l a -)1 0 e 1 ,v ere te i J n a :Bar ara 0 l on a s all r ca e . I va 0 erect d for t 0 l t :r C i~or i· E i 0 Co·.u· n · . ... I . a .. seve oil.,r , 01r f ,v} . C r CO C _ ,. d Wil s ... and t - ree St rli ooilers . e steam e 1era e by t . , ese boiler i delivered o a cinto - Se our, vertical, cro ~ C 0 U .. , 1 , X 3 _., X 3 e ne wr i c dri V"es 300 k ilowa ~t cap'c1 ~ , ,3 vo __ t e · era 0 ' a l s o de iver . 1 J 20 15 dr i ves o 1n .,. , e j e1. e' C. ... e - era or :.. or treet our 4 X ... ,.J X 1 8 e on ... ut o _ t .;. e 1 nt · Th e So the ... lant on Ker _ a . e 1 f r o1~ t .ne ·r e n u · n. o f J, f e , ilr.o· vor ' • r i ve lC 9f k i o att . rl rr 0 3 S f et . F aJ1d a a.l S C of / ~ Waver . The 1 e s .. no ► e ... feet 3 • i nc _ " e .. e ..,o • ... ee ~. ~ Nater he i d . ... 1a . e IJe r T e wat • .. C . Co . a 1 • v .J~Jac nas cau· c .·t 0 11 do to ., f e , .n ..,s 0 it ., 0 t :b e rva ... - y l e l s a re t r·v i .1 i +- e I.I ,,, t o a p er Iro ~or co· - 50 volt . rect a C l. re l a l , o 0 1-H il 0 com - li • to al a e . nae _ 1 e . e i 11 t l l e a n 1n t ... e .: . e 1 s ,,r i . n a e e .ne a r , 0 0 .., , 200 1 ni r . . n · ~rat er-, _ e ... 1 !" b re ... e t p n ec ... a.e s to . t h • . ,1 f 1:1. l. .r.) ., • p t_s ... els ~ d "' Al n -~ TO ,Va r-\} e~l s I/ . t } 1 1 ' .:)0 rrr i ,, r 1r 0 e et 0 bu , u C01 C 11 t . i . ' • t • 0 aw'" r 1 1 r ~l C 11 ,.,h l t . T. zl • r e1 car 0 rne · i r . • 0 r " / r, • 1 . -- l r 7- n e _ , Jl s r • 1t . . C 0 • 0 I \/ l - - 1 - ..... 1- e v . b t 8 - 5 , 0 0 _ ilowat ca Jaci , , 0 '101 s . V ge i o s to 7 , 000 v l "V" connec ., e or tr i s ion to os Ane ~- • h . r a .. d out Jut o-r . e nt · o, n kilova ts a~ t 0 l l n . S 5 , 0 0 _ ·10,v ts eac . Te l nt as stoo 1- / overl d fo r ut ca peri od . I n .e o e a e ro 11 ir ui J , e e • 1 1) a ·rvater t S OW i . r l t O 10 - -. e year t o-oe a e ... 1 . 1 . 1 St a d r t 17 , 0 lo • Ele t r ·cal C · m. a V Co ll' t•ie , cre a • A o t h r 1 i e ·~a,... 0 0 0 . 1 8 . an i • .11 .1sco T e calc 1 c.t 4 , . 0 ., .. . ~ 0 • T Ba o 1~ one opera Jd a 1 , 0 volt o - h r bei V e f r no Stil _ fa r e- nort t he G.eat ~ s ~e ~n P o 1er let .,, ver t CO t . e, v.,,r c. O, n , , i st· m • .l. - ' ad e io s to ' ire 1i a e d 0 er H. P . h n a e c l 0 e "I J - • . l v n ver 1 · G ,T .. d o r is an e ab B . . ~ B n- 1, .. ?0 ,000 I • P . i • I' 0' . C • ,- 1 ,.., .1. ct .. r : ' F , . 11. Al _ T i ... . I ' . . , 00 P . : % i :i ..... • ' ( . - ' I - - 1 . e; ., d . ' v 1 ...., 1 r; b • I • - J " Tl C ( ,J • • "\ ., 1 . ' 0 c re HCt C1 or 1_ :1, . .,._ . l? • d J , ... , . or, ,...., ·~ ,.. .... " 1 · 1 • .u , c:.J.1 .. · - 0 OY' ! ... d r C , a . 1 e"' \' • .J .... ) - .. ,.., . r~ l 0 ... h ' rt.! ea r .. 0 •. 1 C ') ., . 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Asset Metadata

Creator Gates, Austin Bryant (author)

Core Title History of alternating currents

Contributor Digitized from microfilm by the USC Digital Library in 2023 (provenance)

School College of Liberal Arts

Degree Bachelor of Science

Degree Program Electrical Engineering

Degree Conferral Date 1910-06

Publisher Los Angeles, California (original), University of Southern California (original), University of Southern California. Libraries (digital)

Tag OAI-PMH Harvest

Format theses (aat)

Language English

Permanent Link (DOI) https://doi.org/10.25549/usctheses-oUC113174223

Unique identifier UC113174223

Identifier El '10 1 (call number),etd-GatesAustin-1910.pdf (filename)

Legacy Identifier etd-GatesAustin-1910

Document Type Thesis

Format theses (aat)

Rights Gates, Austin Bryant

Internet Media Type application/pdf

Type texts

Source 20230616-usctheses-microfilm-box8 (batch), Undergraduate Papers (subcollection), University of Southern California (contributing entity), University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses (collection)

Access Conditions The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the author, as the original true and official version of the work, but does not grant the reader permission to use the work if the desired use is covered by copyright. It is the author, as rights holder, who must provide use permission if such use is covered by copyright. The original signature page accompanying the original submission of the work to the USC Libraries is retained by the USC Libraries and a copy of it may be obtained by authorized requesters contacting the repository e-mail address given.

Repository Name University of Southern California Digital Library

Repository Location USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus MC 2810, 3434 South Grand Avenue, 2nd Floor, Los Angeles, California 90089-2810, USA

Repository Email uscdl@usc.edu

Linked assets

Undergraduate Papers