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Automatic street light substation
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Automatic street light substation
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AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT SUl3STATION A Thesis Presented to the Department of Electrical Engineering University of Southern California By Vernon E. Leech February 1919 AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT SUBSTATION Objeot I The object of this paper is to study the automatic operation of a substation. It takes the form of a preliminary design of automatic equipment to replace the manually operated substations of the Department of Public SerTice , Bureau of Power and Light of Los Angeles. There are at present two of these. Sub No.2 and Sub Bo.4, and more will soon be built. It requires the time of three operators to run each of these stations. each receiving from $90 to .100 per month, and one half of the time of a relief man who alternates between two stations; so that the for operation of a station 1s about $330 per month or $3960 per year. If this amount is capitalized at 6% it gives $66,000 as the maximum allowable expense to change to the automatic system. In reality,howeTer,this amount is not available as an tnspeotor would have to be employed for every three or four auto~ matic stations to give them periodic attention. HoweYer enough saTing will be effected to allow a much larger investment than is actually required. Present System The present system is new, having been in service only about three years, and is as yet not loaded to its full capacity so that oertain kinds of trouble have not yet deTeloped. Power is obtained from seTeral hydroelectric plants in the mountains along the aque duct, and is reoeiTed and distributed at Sub tatton N O.l 1n Loe Angeles. It is sent to most of the smaller substat i ons o er 33,000 (2) volt lines. The type of station to be considered h•r• consists of a distributing center for constant current street lights and general 2200 Tolt service. Two banks of transformers step the voltage down from 33,000 to 2200, and this is used on the constant current transformers and is sent through potential 1egulators to the 2200 Tolt feeders. The main transformers are cooled by water forced through by a centrifugal pump. The other transformers and regulators are air cooled. The switchboard is of the usual type there being a panel for each feede•, one for the street li hts, and one for local servioe. There is also a small panel for each street light transformer and one on each feeder for the mounting of the disconnect switches used in cutting out a re ulator in oase of trouble. Local service is obtained from a small transformer without a regulator so that its voltage is practically proportional to the bus voltage. The operator has very little to do, his duties being as follows: Read all indicating meters every half hour. Read integrating meters every six hours. Start and stop the street lights. Test t street light circuits. Charge the lightning arresters. Throws itches b order of Sub 1 mainly to ive clearances for men to work on the line. An analy is o trouble in the past wi l l indicate ho it can be taken care of by the automatic system. he followin sources ( 3) of troubl are taken from the lo boo of Sub4 since it has been in operation: Many open ciroui ts on street 11.ghts with a few w1h.ile in service. A few grounds on street light circuits. One case of high voltage from foreign source on street light circuit. Once regulator motor stuck. Onoa tight brake on regulator motor. Twice lightning arrester hung fire after discharge - no harm done. Twice feeder switch opened. Once lightning struck high voltage line near the station and destroyed part of the line. Many times station dead due to loss of power from Sub 1. The street light systems are probably the greatest source of trouble in the station, as it is nece sary to maintain a long oirouit closed throu h many series lamps. Most of the trouble is due to broken contacts caused by the lamps swinging in the wind. A ground on the system s not serious as it will operate all right if only one side becomes grounded. Other trouble ts rare and wtll probably never happen twice in the same way. As the regular duties of the operator . are very ew the main object in keeping htm i s in case of trouble. All of the regular trouble has been ta~en care of in the automatic design, so as to be remedied automatically, and there is come kind of an indicating device to signal almost any other trouble ima 1nable. This trouble ha na ao rarely that that there 1 not much po ibil- ity of it o u in r t n rruption. uoh of tt ooull not be ( ) repaired at once by the operator and it would take a long to send out trouble men in one case as in the other. The automatic system ts in the main remote controlled from Sub 1, which now aots as load dispatcher for the system and gives all orders to the small sub stations. This would be no harder for that operator as in general it would take less time to do the necessary switching than to call on the telephone and give the order. So far as the author was able to learn the automatic prin ciple has never been applied to a constant current street light syatem. The attempt has been made to uee standard apparatus thru out, and this was found possible except in the case of mechanical attachments on the constant current regulators. Operation of High Voltage Switches and Transformers It was thought best to make certain changes in the arrangement of the high voltage switches. These are connected with the trans formers as shown, 33,000 volt oil switches being placed in the posit ions nos.1,2,3,and 4, and 2200 volt oil switches at no.5 and no.6. The disoonneot cwitchea will ordinaril7 remain closed, being opened only to clear up one line or part of the apparatus for work to be done.By using two disconnects in the tie between no.land no.2 any part of the line may be completely disconnected. Oil switches are placed in the positions no.3 and no.4 in place of the disconnect switches used in the manually operated system, ae it may be sometime ~ecessary to chan e transformers when the stati n ia dead, and the normal operation is to olose in on the l ow s ide first. Thus it may be necee ary or ther no.3 or no. 4 o e or ra e th total t•tion loa. 1s oul 1 be the c se i e lo vol (5) switch fail d to op rate pro~erly. It would o course be o ib e to reverse th equence of operation if the station w s dad but this would add undesirable complications. In fact, the sy tem was first deigned so that the transformers of the line would b changed entirely automatic without any action from sub 1, depending only on the conditions making the change destreable; but it waa so complicated as to make its additional usefullness questionable and the plan as shown was decided on. Both of the line switches no.land no.2 are simple remote control from Sub 1. They are not interlocked so it would be possi ble to disconnect both lines froa the station if the rare condition should arise that it would be desirable to quickly kill the station. These have overload relays, but switches nos. 3,4,5, and 6 do not as protection is complete without it. There is one remote control set of switches to operate both switches no.5 and no.6 on the east bank of transformers, and a similar set for the west bank. o start the east bank for instance, the closing contact is pressed whioh operates relays no.10 and no. 12 in parallel but as there is a dash pot on no.10, switch no.5 will close first and then no.3. As soon as no.5 operates a circuit is completed through tts closing contact (represented by C) and the water valve solenoid no.17. which opens the Talve. At1he end of the travel of the solenoid it opens its own contact breaking tne circuit. The fact that,altho both transformer banks oan be put on together, they interlock so that only one can be opened at onoe, should be noted. When the opening button at Sub 1 is pressed ourrent is sent through the closing contact of switch no.4, and througbtthe openin coil of awitc no.3and relay no.14 tn parallel. (6) As no.14 ha a da h pot switch no. , tll open nd than the r lay close its contacts and open switch no.5. This m k e the switchin in proper order. The current throu h these coils 111 be broken only when the button at Sub 1 is released, bu& in the closing arrangement it is broken a s oon as no.3 1s closed. As soon as no. 5 ts open it connects in the closing magnet of the valve no. 17. The west bank is operated in exactly the same manner. Thermostats on the transformers are connected in parallel to a bell at sub 1 which will ring if the heating of ether one exceeds the value at which they are set. There 1s also a no water etgnal connected to the contact of relay no.33 which will be actuated in case valve no.19 drops dur to a lack of flow. When relay no.33 operates it will also operate valYe no.20 closing the valve to the pump andopening the one to the city water supply, and at the same time trip the circuit breaker of the pump motor. If the station becomes dead no.33 will not operate for it uses the alternating current power. This relay has an oil dash pot to make it very slow(½ min.) so that when power is again put on the station the pump will have time to start and open valve no.19 before no.33 closes its oontaots. The connection between transformer and cooling tank is made continuous so that if the pipe beoomee cloged at any place the flow wtll cease whether the ump or the city water is on, and the signal will be given. Feeders On the feeder switchboard an eight day raphio voltmeter and an integrating wattmeter are substituted for the indicating inetrum nts, the meter being retained in case it ts desired at any time to se what the load is, or how the phases are balanced. (7) A standard Westin hous rvio restorin relay i installed to reolose the circuit 1r it should open for temporary ehort circuit. The regulator Toltage transformer on the feeder aide of the oil switch ie connect din o position to the volt& e transformer joined to the bus bars. and thus no current will normally flo through relays no.25 and no.26. But if the feeder switch ie opened by the overload relay no.28 the bus transformer will send corrent through the restoring relay which closes, and hence closes the oil switch and puts the feeder back on the bus bars. As soon as this happens the feeder transformer will again oppose the other and current will cease to flow in the restoring relay. If the short has not been removed this will be repeated. To prevent this continuing in case of a permanent short the limiting relay no.26, which is of the induotion type, is used. It will start to close as soon as the circuit breaker is open,but when the breaker ia closed it will not immediately fall back; so in case of a perm•nent short it will close and short circuit the the restoring relay, preventing further action. Thie should be set to allow the restoring relay to operate three times before it is short circuited. The auxiliary closing contact on the circuit breaker is connected to a signal at Sub 1. All the feeders are connected to the same signal wire in parallel, so that if any of the circuit breakers open the bell will ring. The graphic voltmeter will drop to zero which will show whioh feeder was out. The 220 volt alternating current control to the contact making voltmeters on the re ulators are run through circuit closing relays having oil dash pots set to open in½ minute. If anything goes wrong with the regulator,as the motor beoomming etuok one of the voltmet r contacts will remain closed the relay (8) will raise and si nal Sub 1. In ordinary op•• tion ho ever it will not have tim to clo e as it require lee than minute for the regulator to take a new position. The oontaote of 11 the relays on the different regulators are oonneoted in parallel o that all ring the same signal. If the station become dead the contacts in the Toltmeter will be closed but the relay will not pick up, as it is operated with local ser•ioe alternating current. Connected to the bus transformer is a low voltage relay, which rings a bell at Sub 1 if the voltage drops 20% or more. The 110 Tolt alternating current local service is also connected to lub 1 through a line separate from the cable that contains the control wires, so that there would be a signal even it the cable were damaged. A Toltmeter is attached to this line. Street Light System For the operation of the street light system there are three common wires,and one wire per constant current transformer in the control oable. To start, The double throw single pole knife switch at Sub 1 is thrown to the right, and the start button for each regulator is then pressed. Thie pioks up starting relay no.48 and oloses the circuit through the open contact on short switch no.35, Through the closing ooil and open contact of switch no.34, and through relay no.37 which is normally closed. No.34 then closes and through its closed oontaot picks u~ relay no.39 whioh closes the primary switch no.40, and which in turn through is closed contact pulls the motor otrouit breaker no.45 and starts the motor no.47. This runs until it winds up the weight and opens the oontaot no.43, completing the starting. It will be noted that the closing and openin coils of these switches re wired throu h th open and co d cont ots, re actively so that t e circuit ( ) broken as oon as h coil op rat a. To etop,the double throw 'kntf switoh at Sub 1 is thrown to the left and eaoh atop contact is pressed. Thie closes a circuit through the contacts o relay no.41, whioh will be up tf current is flowing in the transformer, and through the coil of no.42. This will pick up the relay no.42 and send current through tho open coils of ewitohes no.40 and no.34 and -through the relay no.37, and also the chutch magnets no.46, dropping them and raising the regulator coil. This will take place even i~ the station is dead and there ia no local service alternating current. The open trips of switch no.34 have small dash pots to give the necessary time lag so that the primary switch will open first. No.41 will drop as soon as the primary switch is open,but this will send current through its lower contacts to hold the clutch open until no.44 opens. Relay no.37 breaks the circuit through the closing coil of no.40. If it were not for this no.40 would open and immediately reoloee; as the circuit through its closing coil 1s completed through the open contact of switch no.34; and this would continue until no.34 had time to open. No.37 will remain up until the regulator coil is completely raised and no.44 opened, giving ample time. This will keep the closing coil of the short switch open until test relay no.38 has time to pick up. As soon as no.34 i s open the outside circuit is connected throu h fuses no.36 adn relay no.38. Unless the external circuit is open the relay will pick up and open the short switch if it is olosed. If the feeder is open circuited the relay will not pick up and the short switch will be closed as soon as no.37 drops. Also the alarm will sound. This will sound for an instant as no.34 is opened but ,afore 38 can rise, signaling the fact that the a itch has r ted. The alarm wil not sound when the r egu ator i in (10) operation altho no.34 ie closed and the circuit broken throu hits open oontaot. If foreign voltage is on the line it will open the fuses,whioh are½ ampere 10,000 volt, and giTe the open otrouit alarm. Thta trouble is so rare that it was thought best to handle it in this manner. In any case the trouble man should go to the station and test out before starting to work on the line. There is a common ground signal for all oiroutts connected through round relay no.49. The trouble man would have to go to the station and teat to looate the short. If one of the circuits came open while in operation relay 41 would drop and shut down the regulator,close . the proper short switoh,and ring the open circuit signal. It could then be started again from Sub 1 in the usual manner except the bad oirouit would remain shorted. ~or regulators having only one circuit the shorttng switch woul& be omitted entirely and only the lower contact retained on relay no.38. Also only one switch no.34 and relay no.38 would be used, simplifying the arrangement considerably. In order to give the high voltage teat it is necessary to raise all the relays no.38 so tha$ they will throw out the short switches. This is done by moving the double throw knife switch to the right, as for starting, and hold down the test contact, which will raise relay no.50 and pick up all no.38's. Before the test contact ie released the start button is pressed long enough to close no.34. If the external circuit fails to oloae no current will flow in the primary so that no.41 will fail to piok u. This means that as soon as the motor winds up the weight eniugh to close oontact no.44 the system will go through the process of oloeint down and the open circuit alarm will sound. o refull analysis of the conditions if any relay or s itch fails too erate ro erly eho s hat no dama e c n r e ul (11) except the int rruption of rvio. Themot that ould h ppen to the apparatu w6uld be to maintain current continuously on a ooil designed for intermittent service, with the rare possibility o~ burning it out. Local Service The alternating current for local serTice is obtained as in the other system from a 110-220 tranP.forme•• The 220 volt three phase is uaed for all the motors. The direct current ie obtained from a 125 Tolt storage battery of ample size to giTe 25 amps oontinuoualy. It is charged by means of a small ■otor generator set. When the battery Toltage becomes low the contact making Toltneter no.52 will drop down and close the contact through relay no.63. This closes the motor switch no.56 which has a fourth contact closing the field through the generator. The generator then pioka up and, as soon as its voltage has increased sufficiently it raises relay no.55 putting hte generator on the line. When this happens the line Toltage is raised and the contact making voltmeter raises. It will be noted that the voltmeter contaots are in series with the time clock, set so that the batteries can charge only at off peak times. When the generator ceases to deliver a certain current to the batteries, a s determined by these being charged, relay no.54 will drop and o en the motor switch through its trip coil. This is prevented from taking place as soon as the swttch ie; closed, by the second winding on relay no.54,which ts in parallel with relay no.53, and holds up 64 a s lon as the voltmeter contacts are closed. he olenoide or ohar ,ing the lightning arresters are also connecte to the time olook, arrang d t ch re irst one and then ( ) the other. This control circuit i th 110 volt alternating current local service, so that in oae the station is dead it will not operate. Discharge indicators are oonneoted between the light ning arresters and ground to indicate the charges and dieohar es. Design of Brake and Solenoids for Constant Current Transformers Use leather lined brake band, coefficient of friction• 0.3 100 lb. weight at 7/8" radius, moment= 87.5 Radius of brake band is 6". si.s = 12 lb. friction. 8~ 3 = 40 lb. pressure on brake. Use toggle joint where maximum angle is 15 degrees. Then force to be applied at end of toggle is 5.35 lb. Use a solenoid with minimum pull of 12 lb. Pulling force f• ABB lb. Where '72,134,000 A is area in sq. in. of core. Bis the number of lines of force per sq.in. passing through the air gap. Maximum motion=¼"• Use 3/4" core. Ar a= 0.441 B • /l~X 72 1 000,000 0.441 a 44,300 lines per sq.in. Ampere turns for air gap • 10 44300 X •: 3500 4tr Ampere turns for iron no 100 ot l m r turn = 3600 (13) Average length of turn i 7.1". Use no. 27 wire, 8500 turns . Area of cross section of coil is 4.25 q.in. 5030 ft. of ire. R· = 267 ohms. I: 0.45 NI= 3830 This will allow a little over the 12 pounds pull, giving a liberal factor of safety. Specifications The following is a list of the new apparatus to be installed. In every case where the manufacturer is stated parts manufactured by other companies may be substituted, provided the7 are in every way the equal of that indicated. No.1 & 2. Oil switch, 33000 volt, 600 K.W., with over load release and control apparatus. No.3 & 4. Remote control oil switch, 33000 volt, 600 K.W., with control appar&tus. No.6 & 6. Remote control otl switch, 2 200 volt 600 K.W. without control apparatus. No.7. & a. Relay. G.E. type P f orm B-10. No.9 & 10. Relay, G.E. type P form B-10, 1th oil dash pot. No.11 & 12. Relay, G.E. type P form B-10. No.1~ & 14. Relay, G.E. type P form c, oirouit closing with oil dash pot. No.15 & 16. Thermostat contact (already in lace). No.17 & 1. Two each, G •• CR-9500 direct current ol noid, s z 3. No.19. To be m de r om stand rd 2" cheo v lTe ( se r in). (14) No.20. G.E. CR-9500 direct current eleno1d ize 4. No.21. One H.P., 220 volt, 3 phase induction motor with centrifugal pump (in place at aub 2). No.22. Three pole circuit breaker, 220 volt, 5 amp, with series over load release. No.23. Graphie voltmeter, 8 day, 110 volt. No.24. Integratin attmeter to replace that tn service. No.25. Restoring relay, w. style no.252604. No.26. Limiting relay with series resistor, w. Style no.253422. No.27. Solenoid operatei oil switch with uxtliary contaot,2200 volt, 380 K •• Bo.28. Inverse time overload relay (already in place). No.29. No.30. Relay ,G.E. type P form C circuit closing with oil dash pot. Bo.31. Low voltage A.O. relay G.E. type P form F-10. No.32. 60 ohm series resistor, • no.252602. No.33. Relay, G.E. type P form G-11, with oil dash pot. No.34. Double pole, double throw air break switch, 6000 volt, 10 amp, solenoid operated with two auxiliary switches. No.35. Single pole, single throw, air break switch, 6000 Tolt, 10 amp, solenoid operated with two auxiliary switches. No.36. 18,000 volt,½ amp fuses. No.37. 125 Tolt, No.38. 125 volt .c. circuit opening relay. .c. relay with double winding, two opening contact and one closing contact. No.39. Relay, G.E. type P form B-10. No.40. Solenoid operated switch with au iliary witch, 2200 volt 50 •• o.41 •• se e overload r 1 y, 20 am, one circuit o enin oontao nd on circu clo in cot o. (15) No.42. Circuit clo 1n r lay, do bl indin, on 20 a.mp A.C. series overload, the other 126 volt n.c. No.43.& 44. Spring closing witoh (see drawing). Nc.45. hunt oontactor , 220 volt, 2am. No.46. Release olutch (see drawing). No.47. Motor, w. type CIA 220 volt, 3 phase,• H.P., Frame no.643. No.48,49 & 50. Circuit closing relay, 125 volt D.O. No.51. No.52. Contact making voltmeter with single aontact, 125 volt. No.53. Circuit closing relay, 125 volt n.c. Ho.54. Circuit o enin relay , two windings, one 126 volt n.c. shunt, other 15 amp aeries. No.55. Circuit closing relay, 126 •olt D.C. No.56. 4 pole air break solenoid operated ewitoh, 220 volt,10 amp • . No.5? & 58. Circuit closing relay,110 volt A.O. No.69 & 6 irect current solenoids, G.E. CR-9500 size 4. No.61. Time clock 1th contacts as indicated, 8 day. (16) Biography Very lit le ha been published on automatic station and most that has been describe rotary converter stations for street railways. The following represents a carefull search of reoent periodto literaturei Automatic Sllbstations, Allen and Taylor, A.I.E.E. 1915, vol. XXXIV part 2 P 1801. (Rotary Converter Station.) Automatic Hydroelectric Plant, Drabelle and Bonnett, A,I.E.E. 1918, vol. XXXVII P 497. Induction Generator Plant, J.H.Siegfried, Elec. orld Apr. 28, 1917. (Started by hand but rune without operator.) Automatic Substations, Eleo. Ry. Jl. Jan.13, 1917. ( Economic study of rotary converter station.) Automatic Substation, H.R.Summerhayes, A.I.E.E. June 1913. ( First rotary converter tation built.) 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Connections .Present Systen, rEEDER VOLT AGE REGULATOR .VA 1 -nstalfed ot Sub4 _ 38 K.W.· At 5(!b2 re loy 9'- Com pensaror pla, d No.4 .. Ori .5wilchbC;Clrd· ,..__ _________________________________ - - - --- - __________ ____;__ ________ __J _____ _ . ' \ I \' / I ' ;I / I r 1 I I ' l I I l I I ' I / ✓ A I ,I , I f ' ' , J • C t' . . • v J , J ' ,------------------------- -- --- - - .Z.ZOOV. 8u.s · • A.M . • • . ' • (0) © _ r'lu9 ..5 wirches • ' • -~ ' ) ~ . \) .l ... \) ~ - . t: ~ -t .th ' -.J · o ( ~· t • v 0 . ('1 0 ' J - -- ---~ • \ ----- ·· °t: ~ . i: . ' \J i . ' ~ ~- ~ ~ --- ·-- To Bus :i... :5 \J i. . ... \,J ~ ·, ~ ~ C ~ C onne•c tion.s --- Plv9 .Svvifch ·Shorr Circ.. vit · ·Switch Present Sy.stem· o . . 5witc.h Panel G. £ . Constant Cvrrenf Tron.sformer · STREET LIGHT REGULATOR . ,O . ,.____-----------------.------------------- - ' ' I ' 'I , ' ' I I . . f I . I ,i . /. I ' , I ' I ,I ( ( , (. .I ' ( ~ I . ' ' ., As Installed at 5ub2. cr-· 5ub4 SOK.W. 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( / l I I I - . 0 /) • 6n:tplri, VoJf,.eter 23 .,,,,- I • 0 « . lnteqrat/n~ Wott(11eter I 2.4- ~ A.f1~ 'Y Sw. - - ZB ,- r .. I t: t: /nve,.-se r,· l"ne O Relay - ,... 6'➔ . ' . Ground Limitm9 --tt- .. Re lo y .. • lo ' < • < ' + - ' I · • - w.r1. \ • • , v.11. > v rv$e.s J Fro,.,., P. T - < r--0 9 t-+-...;._--0~ 0- ~ c.'r. - _ 0 __ --t---11----t--r-- ,r...,o...,,,,,,,.........,.._ ...... I , ' I ' ' ~ C. ~ "' '° ~-+-+---to ~ - \f - / ,J . ·~ - - - 32 . ,, -+----+-1---+'---.-----,...---t- /2 S V. 0. C. Solenoid v • Opero~d Z 7 0,/ Si.,v. · Closedwh~ 0 • 0 Alarn-, Win:? _., ___ ....j.,__ ________ -t-_ • . Front- - Feed r Panel Bac· k - Connections 0 ' • ' . • ' I • J ' .......... ~., .. Thi.5 line .separafe I from coble . Re9ula to;, Coht'Qct Mah in9 · Volfmet'er I I I ""' "" ,,,.. //OV. A .c. local .Service C?f'her r e 9vlator ~ . ~ i .S19nol re lay.$ in d-----1-----,. porallel };V1'fh fhis 30 : :(siow> u •· Oil C1rcv1"f B,.- eolrer . ru vv v~ .... +-+---iii-----g~-:5· ,---, 1!2.0V ;11.C. . -+-+---<l• •C-,___1114 Reqv/aro,- 7oFeeder ._ I P,,:~, 27 7" ' J ~ . . . - tll 1 .... ~ • • ' I ' ~ ~ 28 + . - . C) C) (\( (\l -_--_ .. _, - 1\c . . \.. -- p . I' a I I p ;4 <./ X: .S vv. C/t:>.3ed Wh~~~t:.vit b,-. airer /.J opc,n a c. Col"7f"rD/ n • 1 !.5 Re.srcrin9 '--+-- Re/Qy Rc.s/.sJ-or .... ............ ····•• . ) 1 JFvse -~--- - • I I I I • • I I I I I t I I I - I I I • I t t t I I l Automatic. 5y.5tem '-· t Fee·der Switc.hboard " I ..... ~ J ' Q And Connection!» of 5e rvic_e Restorinq Relay and A \artn ° Sy~t-eni • 5c.o le l inih a: I foot . ' ~ . No.7 . ' , I , ~ \. I - , , I I, , I I / , • • II - I ' ' ' - I ' , , '_;_- J I I /, ,/ .< / f ,. I I - . t. < •• • I -'! } I ( (, I ',, ( ' . ' • , • I • I • I I C) i • • • • .,0 0 0 , . , 0 , 0 0 • • .. • ,. J I • - • ~ Thi.s pQrt commo11~I • to oil street Jl9ht I control .sy~tems _ . To orher DO,rel, ------ ·-- I (l - 0 • ~ 0 • I . I . . • 0 . . • \/ ---';------ .-- - - - - - - - - - - - - ... - • . ' ' . , · FvJ 5 36 . , . , 1 i ~ / J o l re, f + ' ' ' I \ s ___ ....,.! I ~ ".' ..._ _ _ ........ ._ _ _ -4-__ . • I .5hort ~ c , ' c, ,.,u,t . ..+ ... - .......... - _ .j,J _,, - ' ·switch To Sec.one. o...-y 0 f "l-01 i; .i., . . ~ ~, 1/.. ....:: -38' 'rl" II> "le.st relay • .~ .• > . - . Ill,·~ ' Q .0 '. ,, f . . "Ti, primory o -r rro,,.s . , t. .. 4J ) ~ . I) . ... ... . J . - • Open C,rcvi"-,,.-,,;:'" rela y ?~ - ,. , ' . '. ·stortin(j 48,: relay • > ◄ ' .... 41 J • ,J ~ • ~JS . . - ' c.. P,-imory ) ' .) ' Sw itc.h ◄) 40 ·~ . ..... I - ..... ------+-----+-------+- - • ' • C, r I ' ' . ' I ' •. . ' Double throw "' If nlfe ..s VY. I J . t ' I I ' O· Sf0PPll?<J_,.,,,, Stort-/t79----1- + - . . • I I I ' I I I , I I , .. • .. I •, ' I . , I • I I I I I I I I I SuB 1. Over /oact relay i&.-J- <::pen C,rc.v/f I I • S19nat From Svb.s t:alion Lol::al o.c. in ub./ -· I ro 22.oov. -0f3vs I / • / . . J.$ aa.Ytpot on t r /p f o r low or-t,on - -- ~ ~ l • > l) > . . . < ~ - ... - i,.- - - - .. .,, . - C 0 -· . 1 'f I . 0 ........ . . . - -- - - ' ' I \ 34 \ ' \. ' ~ I - ' .. ' -~-- . ,. .......... . c'I o I- 0 ' ' • ' " \ .JS , . .. ______ .,.. .... • . .1 1 · C. 0 0 . ,, , • - 36 . ' I ' I I 2S Voll- 0. C.. Su.s • 110 v. A.C. Tes r ~,,-e~,';- . - •• . t . • • ~-- Open vvhen wel9ht 1.s up , · • f"7r.=s@ Moror to ''43 4-51 1 • :. ~ //ff <: oil .. # ~ - .. .. ' · 2 z o V. 3 ¢ A. C . . I Release 46~ > > . C/u'fch ~ ~ • ,. 4-4 : . \ -· ,,,, . , Automatic. System Open wlre11 vvel9'ht is clown • WIRING OIAGR AM 5TRE:E- T ~HT SYSTEM Showin q Di rec. t Gur,..-e nt Control · A ~ G. Gonnec..t,on s in Heavy \.!..ine No.8 • ,/ / I I . 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Asset Metadata
Creator
Leech, Vernon E.
(author)
Core Title
Automatic street light substation
School
College of Liberal Arts
Degree Program
Electrical Engineering
Degree Conferral Date
1919-06
Publication Date
02/01/1919
Defense Date
02/01/1919
Publisher
Los Angeles, California
(original),
University of Southern California
(original),
University of Southern California. Libraries
(digital)
Tag
OAI-PMH Harvest
Format
theses
(aat)
Language
English
Contributor
Digitized from microfilm by the USC Digital Library in 2023
(provenance)
Permanent Link (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.25549/usctheses-oUC113174185
Unique identifier
UC113174185
Identifier
El '19-3 (call number),etd-LeechVernon-1919.pdf (filename)
Legacy Identifier
etd-LeechVernon-1919
Document Type
Thesis
Format
theses (aat)
Rights
Leech, Vernon E.
Internet Media Type
application/pdf
Type
texts
Source
20230616-usctheses-microfilm-box8
(batch),
Undergraduate Papers
(subcollection),
University of Southern California
(contributing entity),
University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses
(collection)
Access Conditions
The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the author, as the original true and official version of the work, but does not grant the reader permission to use the work if the desired use is covered by copyright. It is the author, as rights holder, who must provide use permission if such use is covered by copyright. The original signature page accompanying the original submission of the work to the USC Libraries is retained by the USC Libraries and a copy of it may be obtained by authorized requesters contacting the repository e-mail address given.
Repository Name
University of Southern California Digital Library
Repository Location
USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus MC 2810, 3434 South Grand Avenue, 2nd Floor, Los Angeles, California 90089-2810, USA
Repository Email
cisadmin@lib.usc.edu