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Project social: a systems approach to reduce social isolation in aging adults

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Project social: a systems approach to reduce social isolation in aging adults

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Content Project Social 1
Project Social
A Systems Approach to Reduce Social Isolation in Aging Adults
by
Nancy Lazar, LCSW
A Capstone Project Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE USC SUZANNE DWORAK-PECK SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
Doctor of Social Work
December 2024
Copyright 2024 Nancy Lazar

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page Number
Abstract 3
Dedication 4
Acknowledgements 5
Positionality Statement 7
Problem of Practice and Literature Review 9
Conceptual/Theoretical Framework 16
Methodology 19
Project Description 24
Implementation Plan 31
Evaluation Plan 33
Challenges/Limitations 35
Conclusion and Implications 36
References 39
Appendix A – Survey and Interview Questions 49
Appendix B – Survey Results 52
Appendix C – Project Social Module Prototype 53
Appendix D – Project Social Program Guide 64
Appendix E – Solution Landscape Analysis 157
Appendix F – Design Criteria 158
Appendix G – Logic Model 159
Appendix H – Ethical Considerations (Detailed) 160
Appendix I – Sustainability and Scaling Plan 162
Appendix J – Fund Development Plan 164
Appendix K – Line-Item Budget 168
Appendix L – Marketing and Branding Plan 170
Appendix M – Assessments and Satisfaction Surveys 177
Appendix N – Action Plan 205

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Abstract
Project Social is a community-level initiative to combat social isolation among aging adults in
Los Angeles County, a critical public health concern exacerbated by COVID-19 and aligned with
the Eradicate Social Isolation and Close the Health Gap Grand Challenges. Social isolation is
more prevalent than many major health concerns in the United States, with older adults
experiencing the highest rate among all adult populations. As the aging population grows,
addressing social isolation becomes increasingly imperative. Guided by systems theory, this
innovative project focuses on developing an interactive module for at-risk aging adults in LA
County. By leveraging established relationships with the LA County Department of Public
Health and Department of Aging and Disabilities, Project Social collaborates with communitybased organizations to establish and formalize partnerships for the module’s implementation.
Key steps include developing module content, creating pre- and post-assessments, and iteratively
refining a high-fidelity prototype based on stakeholder feedback. This human-centered design
approach ensures the intervention meets stakeholders' needs. The module integrates into existing
tech class programming or can be delivered as a standalone session in community settings.
Participants engage with the module and complete assessments on their devices, giving them
tech training and practice opportunities while simultaneously learning about social isolation.
Committed to inclusivity and accessibility, the module is designed to be approachable for all
aging adults. Ultimately, Project Social aims to increase community knowledge about social
isolation, enhance social connectivity in LA County, and contribute to the broader goal of
building healthier, more connected communities.
Keywords: Social isolation, aging adults, older adults, community-level intervention,
social connectivity, COVID-19 impact, systems theory, grand challenges

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Dedication
“The more you learn, the less you know”
- Anonymous
Noah and Ari,
I included this quote on my yearbook page when I was a senior in high school. Back then, with
the internet not yet a part of our lives, I likely misquoted it and misattributed it to “Anonymous.”
Now, I understand that the actual quote is “The more I learn, the more I realize how much I don’t
know” by Albert Einstein, which speaks to the paradox of knowledge.
At that time, I did not know how much this idea of lifelong learning and continual growth was
going to shape my life.
I am in awe of how both of you have always pursued growth and knowledge on your journeys to
becoming your own selves. You are both amazing human beings who have continuously and
immeasurably enriched my life.
I dedicate this DSW capstone project to both of you, with all my love. Never stop growing, and
always stay connected with others.
I love you both so much!
-Mama

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Acknowledgements
“If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants.”
– Sir Isaac Newton, 1675
I came across this quote at a recent conference, and it resonated deeply with me, reminding me
of my journey through this DSW program and life in general. I am here, at this point in my
journey, because of the support and love I have received every step of the way.
To my parents—Mom, Allan, Dad, and Martha— and family—thank you for your unwavering
support. Each of you has shaped me in ways I am forever grateful for. The values of education
and helping others that you instilled in me growing up, Mom and Dad, have been my guideposts.
Mom, a special shout out for your early lessons in writing. As painful as those times were in
middle school, you taught me how to write with clarity and purpose.
Noah and Ari, my incredible children—you inspire me daily. Your unwavering curiosity,
resilience, and pursuit of knowledge fill me with pride and joy. Watching you grow into the
thoughtful, compassionate individuals you are today is one of the greatest gifts of my life. You
remind me of the power of love, learning, and connection, and through you, I am constantly
inspired to keep growing. I am your biggest fan!
Dr. Ron Manderscheid, Dr. Michàlle Mor Barak, and Dr. Laura Trejo—thank you for giving me
your valuable time, encouraging critical thinking, and providing supportive feedback. Your
guidance has been instrumental in the development of this work.

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To all the individuals and communities who have supported and encouraged me through this
process. Whether directly or indirectly, you have been the foundation upon which I have built
this work. Viviana Criado, the LAACHA community, Amber Fuellenbach, and Maureen
Feldman—your belief in this project and your ongoing encouragement and willingness to
collaborate have been invaluable. Thank you for being an integral part of this journey.
My Cohort colleagues, particularly my peer mentor group, Nicole, Christine, Oreana, Vidya, and
Jenkins—Although it was a difficult and long road, sometimes feeling longer than other times,
your support, encouragement, and laughter made our time together easier.
Thank you all for helping me see further and for being the giants whose shoulders I have stood
on.

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Positionality Statement
I am a 56-year-old Jewish woman, born in Montreal, Canada, and raised in Dallas, Texas.
My family moved to Dallas when I was four months old to escape the hostile political climate of
the time. Growing up in Dallas, I often felt out of place, struggling to align with the dominant
political views and ostentatious culture. As the youngest of three girls in a privileged household,
with my father being a neurosurgeon and my mother deeply involved in our care and community,
I was exposed to the importance of education, care, community, and social responsibility. My
mother’s dedication to helping others in our Jewish community instilled in me the value of
supporting those around us, while my father’s work in healthcare and founding of the nonprofit
MediSend broadened my understanding of community and ignited my passion for social change.
My involvement in MediSend, where I sought donations to support under-resourced healthcare
systems in developing countries, demonstrated the power of creating community across borders.
These formative experiences laid the foundation for my systems theory perspective and more
than 30 years in social work.
I do not consider myself White due to my heritage and Jewish background; instead, I
identify with an olive race, reflecting a blend of cultural and ethnic identities. I believe that many
aspects of identity are often hidden. This mindset has heightened my awareness of the
complexities of identity and the importance of not making assumptions about others. Throughout
my career, I have worked diligently to cultivate not only cultural competence but also strong
cultural humility, recognizing the significance of allowing others to reveal themselves in their
own way and time.
I have two emerging adult children, Noah and Ari. Noah was diagnosed with Autism
Spectrum Disorder, High-Functioning, during his sophomore year in high school. After his

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diagnosis, finding appropriate services for him was challenging, as many were targeted toward
much lower-functioning and younger children. Finding a suitable social skills group proved
elusive. As a result, Noah spent much of his adolescence socially isolated due to difficulties in
social situations with his peers. In 2019, after my children were in college, I moved back to Los
Angeles where my mother and stepfather live. Prior to the pandemic, my stepfather, Allan,
despite dealing with Parkinson’s, was active in consulting and playing golf, which were his main
sources of socialization. I witnessed firsthand the devastating impact that COVID-19 and
associated quarantining had on Allan’s health. His Parkinson’s has since advanced, preventing
him from engaging in the activities he once loved.
Witnessing the effects of social isolation both in my son’s adolescence and in my
stepfather’s aging has deepened my commitment to addressing this issue. My work is driven by
the belief that everyone deserves to be connected to and valued by others, especially as they age.
Guided by a systems theory perspective, I strive to ensure that my research and practice
contribute meaningfully to this goal, reflecting the deep personal and professional significance
this issue holds for me.

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Problem of Practice and Literature Review
The Eradicate Social Isolation Grand Challenge was created to address the complex and
significant aspects related to isolation within communities throughout the United States. When
this grand challenge was initially developed, social isolation was already a prevalent issue. The
recent and unprecedented times that the world has experienced with the COVID-19 pandemic
have increased social isolation exponentially as well as assisted with bringing an important
spotlight onto this irretractable issue (Grand Challenges for Social Work [GCSW], 2021;
Combating Social Isolation and Loneliness During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2022; U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services [HHS], 2023). Social isolation has been found to be a
powerful contributor to mortality, without bias to age or cause (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2010;
Lubben et al., 2015; Crewe et al., 2018; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and
Medicine [NASEM], 2020). Those who are socially isolated are also at greater risk of dying
prematurely as well as developing chronic health issues like dementia and coronary heart disease
(Holt-Lunstad et al., 2010; Crewe et al., 2018; NASEM, 2020; HHS, 2023). Thus, when
addressing social isolation, the Close the Health Gap Grand Challenge is also applicable and
important to consider.
Despite the United States (US) being one of the world’s wealthiest nations and being the
top industrialized country when it comes to health care expenditures per person, there are
significant and impactful gaps in America’s existing health care system, particularly ones that
disproportionally affect the longevity and quality of life for those among the disenfranchised,
vulnerable, and, frankly, ignored in this country. Close the Health Gap Grand Challenge is a call
to action, for social workers as well as other disciplines within the health care system, to create
health equality for all (Walters et al., 2018). Within this grand challenge, Walters et al. (2018)

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emphasized the important role social determinants of health play in an individual’s health status
and, thus, the need to pay attention to them in order to fully address the long-standing wicked
problems within the existing health care system.
The current sociopolitical landscape has created an opportunity for this complex issue to
be focused on as impactful organizations, like the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as
government positions, like the Surgeon General, have recently engaged in more discourse around
the importance of social connectedness and the harmful impact loneliness and social isolation
have not only on the individual’s health but also on the public’s health as a whole (GCSW, 2021;
World Health Organization [WHO], 2021; Combating Social Isolation and Loneliness During
the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2022; HHS, 2023; NASEM, 2020; Murthy, 2017; McGregor, 2017).
The overarching problem is that individuals facing social isolation are at a higher risk of
premature death and the development of chronic health issues, including dementia and coronary
heart disease, resulting in a substantial burden on the health care system both in terms of
financial implications and resource allocation (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2010; Crewe et al., 2018;
NASEM, 2020; HHS, 2023). Shaw et al.'s (2017) pivotal study revealed that socially isolated
older adults contribute an additional $6.7 billion in Medicare spending annually due to increased
health care utilization.
The aging adult population requires special attention amid current demographic shifts,
notably the increasing lifespans observed globally. According to the WHO, the global population
aged 60 and older is projected to double from one to two billion by 2050 (WHO, 2018). Within
the United States, the older adult population, compared to other adult groups, experiences the
highest rate of social isolation (Kannan & Veazie, 2022), influenced by various factors

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associated with typical life changes during this stage (Cudjoe et al., 2018; Cudjoe et al., 2022;
Holt-Lunstad et al., 2010; Holt-Lunstad et al., 2015; NASEM, 2020).
Los Angeles County, one of the largest and most culturally diverse counties in the United
States, stands at the forefront of these demographic changes (USC Edward R. Roybal Institute on
Aging, 2015; Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, 2022). Population statistics and
projections reveal notable shifts in California's overall and LA County's specific demographics,
particularly within the aging population. These changes include substantial growth in the aging
demographic, increased racial and ethnic diversity, higher numbers of older adults living alone,
and a decline in economic security for aging Angelenos (United States Census Bureau, 2020;
California Department of Health, 2018; California Department of Finance, 2020; UCLA Center
for Health Policy Research, 2020).
AARP integrated individual social isolation metrics, encompassing demographics, healthrelated factors, health care utilization, health care system capabilities, and COVID-19 data, both
at the state and county levels, to calculate a social isolation risk score, which is population-level
surveillance data. From this a mapping tool of this risk score for each county in America was
developed. Although the actual prevalence rate of social isolation amongst the aging adult
population in LA County is currently unknown, LA County’s social isolation risk score for its
aging adult population, per this mapping tool, is currently at 30.1% (AARP Foundation, n.d.;
AARP Foundation, 2023; AARP Livable Communities, 2023).
The specific problem is that with LA County’s social isolation risk score at 30.1%, there
is a substantial proportion of older adult Angelenos who are susceptible to social isolation. This
places them at risk of experiencing numerous physical and mental health challenges, including
the onset of chronic diseases, which, in turn, indicates an increased burden on health care

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resources and costs. In addition, this level of risk score indicates the potential for more need
related to social services that then has the potential of straining already limited local, state, and
federal budgets as well as community-based services. Finally, a higher prevalence of social
isolation can impact the overall well-being of the community (AARP Foundation, n.d.; AARP
Foundation, 2023; AARP Livable Communities, 2023).
Obtaining high-quality data on the effectiveness of interventions aimed at eradicating
social isolation among aging adults has been challenging. Several large-scale research projects
have reviewed existing data and found that most evidence is of poor quality. Common issues
include a lack of long-term follow-up, small sample sizes, narrow age definitions/ranges, and
variability in defining and measuring social isolation and loneliness, all contributing to low
research evidence ratings (NASEM, 2020).
One notable review by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) in 2019
examined the existing research literature on interventions designed to positively impact the
health and healthcare utilization of socially isolated aging adults. Out of sixteen studies
reviewed, only one—a randomized controlled trial (RCT)—was deemed to be of good quality.
The remaining studies were rated as fair to poor quality. Beyond study design issues, it was
found that interventions involving physical activity showed the most potential for health
improvement in this population. However, results varied across studies, and none included longterm follow-up to assess lasting effects. Additionally, there was limited and inconsistent data on
the impact of these interventions on healthcare utilization (Veazie et al., 2019).
Among the assessed interventions, those combining physical activity with other
components, such as social and leisure activities and dietary programming, were most effective
in improving various aspects of health and well-being in older adults. Holistic approaches that

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incorporated physical activity, social engagement, and dietary support were particularly
successful. One program required participants to engage in 100-minute exercise sessions twice a
week for three months, supplemented by either lectures and group activities on nutrition or group
discussions about hobbies, neighborhoods, and community resources. This program resulted in
enhanced social connectivity, reduced frailty, improved symptoms of depression, better diet, and
improved physical functioning (Veazie et al., 2019).
Intergenerational programming is a common format for interventions aimed at supporting
socially isolated aging adults (Barnett et al., 2011; AARP Foundation, n.d.; Barron et al., 2009;
Glass et al., 2004). These programs often involve younger generations reaching out to or visiting
older adults (The Eisner Foundation, 2020; NASEM, 2020). A noteworthy example is the
Campaign to End Loneliness in the United Kingdom, which addresses social isolation through
various means, including intergenerational programming. However, the Campaign’s efforts
extend beyond this to encompass a wide range of activities aimed at reducing loneliness and
social isolation in older adults (Campaign to End Loneliness, 2011; Campaign to End
Loneliness, 2021; Barnett et al., 2011).
The Campaign emphasizes the importance of meaningful connections for those seeking
companionship and works to spotlight loneliness and social isolation. It promotes a better
understanding of loneliness, its health consequences, and strategies to mitigate it. By raising
awareness about the impact of loneliness, supporting the loneliness community, and advocating
for healthcare decision-makers to address and prevent loneliness, the Campaign strives to reduce
social isolation, particularly in older adults. It provides resources, information, and a platform for
individuals and organizations to connect, share experiences, and collaborate on addressing
loneliness. Its services include information and education, an online community, advocacy and

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awareness, collaboration, research, and data. Overall, the Campaign serves as a resource hub and
advocate for those affected by loneliness, fostering a sense of community among individuals and
organizations dedicated to addressing this social issue. Through its strong efforts to stay true to
its mission of ending loneliness, the Campaign’s reach has expanded from the research
community to various communities, service providers, and government entities throughout the
United Kingdom and beyond (Campaign to End Loneliness, 2011; Campaign to End Loneliness,
2021; Barnett et al., 2011; Dobson, 2022).
A similar effort to the Campaign at the local level is the Los Angeles Social Isolation and
Loneliness Impact Coalition, which was established through a collaboration between the Motion
Picture and Television Fund (MPTF) and the AARP Foundation. The coalition's primary aim is
to address the health and financial consequences of social isolation and loneliness in older adults.
Their approach involves building upon existing community-wide initiatives and forming
partnerships to create sustainable social interventions that can be expanded nationally. The
coalition’s efforts encompass strategies to mitigate social isolation in LA County, including
annual summits, toolkits for social outreach programs, data collection and analysis, a friendly
caller program, training for local police on social isolation issues, and connecting individuals
with vital resources (Corley et al., 2017; Feldman, 2021; NASEM, 2020).
A recurring feature in these highlighted interventions and programs is their collaborative
approach, operating across various sectors to offer comprehensive services. When evaluating the
current landscape of solutions aimed at alleviating social isolation among aging adults, numerous
programs can be identified. However, most of these programs appear to function independently,
lacking collaborative efforts across specified systems (NASEM, 2020). Holt-Lunstad et al.
(2017) underscored the significance of social connection as a crucial public health concern and

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advocated for strategies and interventions that foster social connectivity comprehensively and
collaboratively to enhance public health. They presented a well-substantiated argument that
social connection needs to be a public health priority, which will facilitate increased allocation of
resources for policies, programs, research, prevention, monitoring, and education.
The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has a strategic
approach called “Winnable Battles” to target pressing public health concerns effectively. Being
part of this initiative signifies critical areas receiving increased resources. This list includes HIV,
teen pregnancy, nutrition, physical activity, obesity, food safety, health-associated infections, and
motor vehicle injuries (United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). For
inclusion, an issue must have a substantial public health impact and established strategies to
address it. Social isolation among older adults is a crucial public health concern, significantly
affecting their physical and mental well-being, contributing to chronic diseases, mortality, and
healthcare expenses. Although not a traditional “Winnable Battle,” addressing social isolation
merits recognition as a priority for resource allocation and intervention development.
Recognizing its significance can pave the way for a more holistic approach to healthcare and
overall well-being (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017).
The “Winnable Battles” approach highlights the vital role of education in tackling these
public health issues. An illustrative example at the local level in LA County is public health
education efforts through the Purposeful Aging Los Angeles (PALA) initiative. The directors of
the LA County Aging and Disabilities Department and the LA County Department of Health
created and broadcasted public service announcements (PSAs) regarding social isolation on a
local television station. These PSAs not only offered initial education on social isolation but also
introduced a local resource (Wallace & Grossman, 2018), 211 – the county’s centralized access

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point for community and social services information and referrals (211LA, 2023). In an
interview with the director of the LA County Aging and Disabilities Department, it was
disclosed that while there was limited funding available for producing and broadcasting the
PSAs, there were initially insufficient financial resources to obtain outcome data (e.g., the
number of calls to 211 regarding social isolation referrals) from this public health campaign (L.
Trejo, personal communication, October 2, 2023). This limitation can impede the growth and
impact of this intervention because, without outcome data, there is no evidence of its
effectiveness, which may, in turn, deter further funding for ongoing and future endeavors to
combat social isolation for aging Angelenos.
The evolving landscape of social isolation interventions for aging adults, particularly in
LA County, highlights the need for comprehensive, collaborative approaches supported at all
government levels. These approaches need to raise public awareness and provide accessible
resources, emphasizing the urgency of addressing this critical issue. Despite persistent research
quality challenges, evidence suggests that such collaborative efforts are promising in tackling
this public health problem (NASEM, 2020). Effective solutions require raising awareness,
creating accessible resources, and fostering partnerships across sectors. Addressing this grand
challenge demands commitment and innovation at local, state, national, and global levels.
Conceptual/Theoretical Framework
Systems theory provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the complex
interactions between individuals and their broader environments. This theory emphasizes the
interconnectedness of various elements within a system, offering a holistic perspective on how
changes at one level can impact others (Reis et al., 2000). In the context of addressing social
isolation among aging adults, systems theory facilitates an understanding of how individual

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experiences of isolation are influenced by and impact broader systemic factors. This theoretical
approach allows for the identification and analysis of multi-level interactions affecting social
isolation, ranging from personal health to community resources and policies (Holt-Lunstad,
2018).
Research extensively highlights the correlation between social connectivity and health
outcomes, with social isolation recognized as both a risk factor and a modifiable determinant of
health (Holt-Lunstad, 2018). Systems theory aids in understanding these connections and
developing strategies to mitigate associated health risks. Social isolation is not a standalone issue
but is deeply embedded in a complex web of factors influencing individuals and communities.
Building on this theoretical foundation, it is important to examine macro-level policies
such as the Older Americans Act (OAA) and California’s Master Plan for Aging. These policies
provide essential support for addressing social isolation, aiming to enhance the well-being and
independence of older adults through various programs and funding structures (Supporting Older
Americans Act Of 2020, 2020; Phillips, 2020; Administration for Community Living, 2023;
Let’s Get Healthy California, 2023; California Department of Aging, 2021). However, their
effectiveness is contingent upon how they are implemented and supported at the micro and
mezzo levels. Challenges such as inadequate funding and competition for resources among
different initiatives can limit their impact (NASEM, 2020). This capstone, Project Social,
operates within this framework by aligning with community initiatives and leveraging a
volunteer-based model to address the challenges posed by limited local funding. By integrating
with existing efforts and utilizing community resources, Project Social seeks to enhance support
for aging adults despite fiscal constraints.

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To fully understand the impact of these macro-level policies, examining how they
influence micro- and mezzo-level dynamics is crucial. Individuals’ perceptions of social
connectedness, including the quantity, diversity, and interrelatedness of relationships, play a vital
role (Holt-Lunstad, 2018). If an older adult anticipates that their relationships will dwindle with
age, they may not be overly concerned about diminished social connections. Conversely, if they
envision maintaining or increasing relationships, unmet expectations can lead to loneliness
(Akhter-Khan et al., 2023). Stigma and lack of awareness surrounding social isolation can further
contribute to its hidden nature and hinder effective intervention (Galvez-Hernandez et al., 2022).
Examining the bidirectional relationship between social connectedness and health status
reveals how lack of effective interconnectivity with others can lead to chronic diseases and
health issues, which in turn contribute to further social isolation (NASEM, 2020). Socially
isolated individuals face higher health care costs, which strain both their personal resources and
the broader healthcare system (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2017; Berkowitz et al., 2019).
Quality and quantity of social support are crucial for managing chronic illnesses. Low
social connectedness, a modifiable determinant of health, affects individuals' abilities to attain
optimal health and well-being (Bullard, 2023). Socially connected individuals benefit from
support systems that positively impact health behaviors and outcomes, whereas those lacking
support are at higher risk for neglecting their health (Holt-Lunstad, 2020; Smith et al., 2022).
With the increasing prevalence of social isolation and its impact on chronic health
conditions (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2015; NASEM, 2020; Breytspraak & Badura, 2015), systems
theory offers a robust framework for addressing these issues among aging adults in LA County.
This framework identifies social isolation as a critical social determinant of health (SDOH)
(Braveman & Gottlieb, 2014; Hood et al., 2016; WHO, 2021; Bullard, 2023) and positions

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Project Social as a proactive measure to enhance the well-being of aging adults, their families,
and their communities. At the core of Project Social is the application of systems theory to foster
collaborative relationships with key stakeholders, including city and county departments,
community-based organizations (CBOs), and senior centers. This approach spans various
community sectors, facilitating a holistic and integrated response to social isolation that aligns
with broader local initiatives. Systems theory also guides the development of the education
module, ensuring it addresses the interconnected factors contributing to social isolation and
chronic health conditions. This framework supports the project's adaptive nature by engaging and
seeking ongoing feedback from stakeholders. By embracing systems theory, Project Social aims
to create a multi-faceted intervention that addresses social isolation from various angles, aligns
with existing policies, and bridges gaps in current strategies to enhance the well-being of aging
adults in Los Angeles County.
Methodology
Design Thinking
A human-centered design approach and design thinking methodology was utilized to
develop a comprehensive understanding of the wicked problem with social isolation amongst
aging adults in Los Angeles County. The human-centered design approach focuses on gaining a
deep understanding of user and beneficiary needs, behaviors, and experiences to ensure that
solutions are designed to effectively address an issue. Design thinking is a specific problemsolving process that incorporates a structured, iterative approach that emphasizes empathy,
ideation, prototyping, and testing in order to generate intention and innovation, in a collaborative
manner, for the best possible solutions that are centered around the needs of the people the
design is intended to serve. (Liedtka & Ogilvie, 2011).

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This writer’s role encompasses the entire project lifecycle, on a volunteer basis, from
designing the education module to implementation and sustainment, including program growth,
marketing and branding, and fund development. Key stakeholder feedback, which was obtained
from users and beneficiaries, including the Los Angeles Alliance for Community Health and
Aging (LAACHA), a collaborative that is part of PALA (Los Angeles Alliance for Community
Health and Aging [LAACHA], n.d.; Los Angeles County Aging and Disabilities Department,
2022), community leaders, and CBO staff and participants, informed necessary modifications.
This feedback led to the development of a field-ready education module designed using a
systems theory framework, human-centered design approach, design thinking methodology, and
design justice lens. Dr. Laura Trejo, Director of the LA County Department of Aging and
Disabilities, is the external design partner for this project, and Dr. Michàlle Mor Barak is the
second faculty reviewer. Their constructive feedback and support were instrumental in the
project’s development.
Design Justice Principles
Incorporating design justice principles, which focus on fairness, inclusivity, and social
equity, was crucial for developing a solution that empowers marginalized communities (Design
Justice Network, 2021). This lens ensured that the intervention was not only effective but also
equitable, addressing the systemic issues contributing to social isolation among aging adults.
Market Analysis
An extensive literature review, semi-structured interviews, and surveys (Appendix A)
were utilized to gather information in order to develop a thorough understanding of this wicked
problem and the existing solution landscape. Relevant peer-reviewed journal articles and grey
literature were identified through databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and the University

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of Southern California’s (USC) online library system. Search terms included social isolation,
aging adults, older adults, social support, social network, social determinants of health, SDOH,
social engagement, healthy aging, health promotion, productive aging, and person-centered care.
The peer-reviewed articles and grey literature from this initial search were dated 2018 and later.
The results of these base searches were reviewed for appropriateness and then, if relevant, read
in depth for information gathering. In addition, the reference lists used in these articles and
reports were then examined for additional resources. This subsequent search often identified
articles and reports dated prior to 2018. These earlier literature sources frequently provided
information related to the historical nature of this issue. Literature that was most relevant to this
project was often printed out on paper, unless the page count was above 20 pages. For all articles
and grey literature read, relevant sections were highlighted, either with electronic functionality or
pen, and indicated notes were taken in a dedicated bound notebook as well as written on the
margins for those articles and reports that were printed out.
The current landscape of solutions for social isolation among aging adults reveals
numerous independent programs lacking collaborative efforts (NASEM, 2020). Holt-Lunstad et
al. (2017) argue for prioritizing social connection in public health in order to allocate more
resources for policies, programming, research, prevention, monitoring, and education. The
research for this capstone highlights the need for a multifaceted approach, including education,
collaboration, and data collection.
Presently, social isolation interventions in LA County predominantly revolve around
technology support pop-up events organized by LAACHA (LAACHA, n.d.). These events,
associated with the Los Angeles County Department of Health and Los Angeles County Aging
and Disabilities Department, offer free troubleshooting and training on technology devices to

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connect at-risk aging adults with others. Although there is data being collected on the
participants’ satisfaction level with these events, there is limited data collection on the
participants’ levels of social isolation and no data collection on whether the intervention is
affecting its goal of increasing these community members’ social connectivity. In addition, these
events do not provide the participating community members with education on social isolation
(V. Criado, personal communication, August 16, 2023 and January 12, 2024; L. Trejo, personal
communication, July 11, 2023 and October 02, 2023; M. Feldman, personal communication,
August 31, 2023 and October 3, 2023). The pop-up events that have been held in 2024 were
overwhelmingly successful per exceeding participant and volunteer attendance as well as
satisfaction survey results (Lazar, 2024), thus, indicating a high likelihood that there is a market
need, especially with end users and volunteers, for this capstone project.
Data Collection and Analysis
To address gaps in current discourse, twenty semi-structured interviews, lasting between
30 and 60 minutes with an average length of time being 45 minutes, were conducted with key
stakeholders including gerontologists, primary care providers, and emergency department (ED)
providers, staff in outpatient clinics, staff from state government, staff from a California-based
advocacy group, experts, researchers, applicable LA County departments, community-based
organizations, and directors of programs serving the socially isolated aging adult population. The
interviews included specific close- and open-ended questions (Appendix A), that varied
depending on the type of stakeholder the interviewee was identified as, and unstructured
questions that were indicated based on the interviewees’ responses, including requests to expand
on, clarify, and/or provide a specific example for the initial response to a structured question.

Project Social 23
The information gathered from these interviews were summarized and then analyzed for
recurring themes related to the wicked problem and/or existing solution landscape.
One hundred and nineteen surveys that included close- and open-ended questions
(Appendix A, Appendix B) were disseminated to aging adults as well as to family members and
caregivers of aging adults. Seventy-nine surveys were sent electronically to this writer’s network,
where friends, LinkedIn connections, and family were asked to not only complete the survey but
also forward it to connections within their networks. From an access opportunity, one-third of the
total surveys (n=40) were completed by individuals who were receiving substance abuse
treatment in a private pay residential substance abuse rehabilitation program. The XM Qualtrics
software, which is available to USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work doctoral
students, was utilized to disseminate these surveys, track the received responses, and analyze
both the qualitative and quantitative results (XM Qualtrics, 2023). Information gathered from all
sources was then reviewed, analyzed, and assimilated as indicated.
Prototype Testing
Initial prototype testing for this project included three design labs: one with four subject
matter experts (SMEs) and two with a total of 19 aging adults/end-users. The SME lab included
a one-hour virtual session where the AwE module was demonstrated, and feedback was
collected. End-user labs were held at two LA County community centers, East LA Services
Center in East LA and East Rancho Dominguez Community Center in Compton, during one of
their technology classes, where participants engaged with the module, and feedback was
gathered through observation, feedback activities, and surveys.
Key stakeholders included SMEs, aging adults, community center instructors, and
program directors. SMEs provided insights into content accuracy and relevance, while aging

Project Social 24
adults evaluated usability and effectiveness. Community center staff supported the concept and
content of the module.
The initial prototype testing results indicated initial proof of concept but also highlighted
areas for improvement. Feedback from SMEs led to modifications such as simplifying language,
adjusting color schemes, and reorganizing slides. End-user feedback revealed a 95% completion
rate for the module, a 33% increase in knowledge about social isolation, and a 94% satisfaction
rate.
To refine the module further and assess the effectiveness of its stand-alone feature, four
additional design labs are scheduled for September and October. These labs will test the module
independently, with two sessions involving individual aging adults and two sessions with groups
at a community-based organization, ONEgeneration, in the San Fernando Valley. Additionally,
testing at an assisted living facility is also being considered. This phase aims to optimize the
module’s accessibility, engagement, and impact. Post-graduation, a comprehensive pilot test will
include testing Project Social in its entirety, including continued testing of the module, a tabletop
exercise for the program manual, and the collection of short-, intermediate- and long-term data to
assess the module's effectiveness.
Project Description
Project Social addresses social isolation among aging adults by building on existing
programs and policies, offering a public health approach to educate at-risk aging adult
community members on social isolation through the Aging with Engagement (AwE) – An
Interactive Module (Appendix C) and a comprehensive program manual (Appendix D). Project
Social is a key initiative of Intentionality Behavioral Health, a private practice that offers direct

Project Social 25
clinical care, consultation, and education and is dedicated to eradicating social isolation in aging
adults.
Grand Challenges of Social Work (GCSW)
Project Social aligns with two of the GCSWs: Eradicate Social Isolation and Close the
Health Gap. The pandemic has significantly worsened social isolation, which has had severe
impacts on the health outcomes of older adults (GCSW, 2021; HHS, 2023). A 2024 policy brief
from the GCSW calls for integrated, community-based programs that not only educate but also
improve access to technological resources, bridging the digital divide for vulnerable populations
(GCSW, 2024). Project Social responds by educating participants on social isolation and health
impacts while fostering social connectivity through technology.
Design Criteria
To ensure the program’s effectiveness and per this project’s solution landscape analysis
above and summarized in Appendix E, the following design criteria have been established
(Appendix F):
1. Education: Accessible, inclusive, and tailored to aging adults.
2. Resource Navigation: Optional feature directing participants to relevant resources.
3. Data Collection: Utilize standardized surveys to track baseline and outcome data.
4. Collaboration: Foster partnerships within LA County and potentially nationwide.
Prototype Description
The AwE module (Appendix C) is a 30-minute educational tool developed to address
social isolation among aging adults. Delivered through Mentimeter, a platform that promotes
real-time engagement, the module enables participants to actively engage with the material using
their own devices, enhancing their learning experience and technological skills. The module

Project Social 26
covers definitions, health risks, and strategies to mitigate social isolation, emphasizing the
bidirectional relationship between social isolation and chronic health issues. It includes
interactive activities, pre- and post-session questions, and a satisfaction survey to collect
feedback, social isolation levels, and demographic data. The module is culturally adaptable, with
its content customizable based on the specific communities where it is implemented.
The module also builds essential technology skills by guiding participants through
actions such as clicking on links, using QR codes, submitting forms, and navigating the internet.
These activities ensure participants are more comfortable with technology, promoting ongoing
digital engagement and social connectivity. A dedicated Q&A session at the end allows for
further discussion and clarification. Participants complete a satisfaction survey via a provided
link embedded in the presentation, giving feedback on the module’s content, engagement level,
and personal experiences.
Designed to be adaptable, the AwE module can function as a stand-alone educational tool
or be integrated into existing programming at community organizations, like senior centers and
community centers. By combining education on social isolation with practical technology use,
the module offers a scalable, culturally sensitive intervention that is innovative and that promotes
both social connectivity and health improvement for aging adults.
Theory of Change
The theory of change for this capstone project is outlined in Project Social’s logic model
(Appendix G). Grounded in stakeholder insights and best practices as well as systems theory,
Project Social is designed to help participants differentiate between social isolation and
loneliness, understand its health risks, and explore strategies to reduce isolation. By

Project Social 27
incorporating real-time engagement and technology use, it addresses systemic issues related to
social connectivity and digital exclusion among aging adults.
The goals of Project Social are highly realistic because they build on evidence-based
interventions and align with ongoing local efforts to tackle social isolation in aging adults
(NASEM, 2020; LAACHA, n.d.). The use of technology as both an educational tool and a
medium for social connectivity is feasible, given the increasing digital access programs for
seniors in LA County (B. Yeung, personal communication, 03/20/2024). The project's goals are
also based in incremental and measurable outcomes, such as knowledge acquisition and social
isolation levels, making them achievable and sustainable over time.
Project Social works by helping participants identify the difference between social
isolation and loneliness, understand the health risks associated with isolation, and explore
strategies to mitigate these effects. By offering a hands-on, technology-based approach, the
intervention also strengthens participants’ skills in using digital tools to connect with others,
enhancing their social connectivity and comfort in a digital environment. Collaboration with key
community stakeholders, such as the LA County DPH, the Department of Aging and Disabilities,
and CBOs, ensures that the project is well-positioned to meet community needs and achieve
broad impact.
The solution aligns with best practices in both public health and social work by utilizing
human-centered design principles and design justice frameworks. This ensures that the
intervention is accessible, inclusive, and adaptable to diverse aging populations. Moreover, the
focus on digital literacy and social connectivity addresses the growing digital divide among older
adults, a key factor in social isolation (NASEM, 2020). Best practices from existing programs,
such as community-based interventions and the use of digital tools to combat isolation, inform

Project Social 28
the module's design and implementation (NASEM, 2020; GCSW, 2024). The project also
incorporates continuous feedback from participants and stakeholders, allowing for ongoing
refinement and improvement. Collaboration with local CBOs and public health agencies ensures
that the intervention is relevant and sustainable within the specific context of LA County.
Revised Logic Model
The logic model provides a structured framework to guide Project Social’s
implementation and assess its outcomes over time (Appendix G). The inputs for this initiative
include the specialized expertise in understanding social isolation, established collaborations
with the LA County DPH and the Department of Aging and Disabilities as well as strong
partnerships with CBOs and senior centers. Additionally, volunteering time, project management
expertise, and knowledge in module development and training are key inputs, ensuring the
intervention’s comprehensive and sustainable nature.
The core activities of the intervention include developing the interactive educational
module, Aging with Engagement (AwE) – An Interactive Module, and conducting one 30-
minute training session per quarter in collaboration with community partners. The integration of
pre- and post-assessments will allow the collection of valuable data on participants' knowledge
acquisition and the effectiveness of the intervention. Ongoing participation in LAACHA’s
committees, particularly in the Innovations Committee and Technology and Digital Inclusion
Subcommittee, ensures that the project remains aligned with larger countywide healthy aging
initiatives. Establishing partnerships with CBOs and senior centers extends the project’s reach
into diverse communities, ensuring that it is accessible to a broad demographic of aging adults.

Project Social 29
The expected outputs of the project include a field-ready education module, the
development of three active community partnerships, the completion of four training sessions,
and the collection of 25 pre- and post-assessments and surveys from participating aging adults.
In the short term, the project aims for a 75% or higher training completion rate, a 10%
increase in knowledge acquisition about social isolation, and a 90% satisfaction rate among
participants. In the intermediate term, the project seeks to increase technology integration as well
as technology comfort and competency levels among participants by at least 10%. In the long
term, the goal is to see a 20% increase in community engagement and a 15% reduction in social
isolation among the aging adult population. By reducing social isolation and increasing
community engagement, Project Social aims to create healthier communities and reduce the
burden on the healthcare system in LA County. This logic model lays out the clear path from
inputs to long-term impact, guiding the project’s implementation and ensuring that all activities
are aligned with the overarching theory of change.
Ethical Considerations
The ethical considerations for this capstone are integral to ensuring the responsible
implementation of Project Social, including the Aging with Engagement (AwE) module. Key
concerns include misunderstandings of social isolation and loneliness, technology access, and
ensuring inclusivity for participants with mobility or geographic challenges. Ethical issues
related to data privacy, informed consent, and transparent fund development are also important.
Additionally, accurate and respectful representation of participants in marketing materials,
avoiding exploitation of vulnerable populations, and maintaining cultural sensitivity are essential
for safeguarding the project's integrity. Appendix H provides a more detailed review of these
ethical considerations.

Project Social 30
Likelihood of Success
Project Social’s success is grounded in the outcomes of its logic model (Appendix G).
The likelihood of success for Project Social is supported by the results of prototype testing. As
reviewed earlier, design lab testing feedback indicates that the module effectively enhances
participants’ understanding of social isolation and improves their comfort with technology. The
positive qualitative feedback and quantitative results suggest a promising trajectory for the
project's success. Regular feedback from participants, volunteers, and partners will be collected
to ensure that AwE remains responsive to participants’ needs and aligns with community
priorities. This feedback loop will drive meaningful outcomes for aging adults and support the
program’s evolution, effectiveness, and success.
The sustainability of Project Social (Appendix I) primarily depends on the development
and maintenance of strong partnerships with community organizations. As an active volunteer
with LAACHA’s Innovations committee and Technology and Digital Inclusion subcommittee,
the committees that are spearheading a significant social isolation intervention in at-risk
communities throughout LA County, this writer has the opportunity and ability to establish
rapport and collaborative relationships with community leaders, including CBOs and senior
centers, for this project. These partnerships are essential for promoting the program, recruiting
participants, and accessing community resources aligned with the goals of AwE. Collaborating
with these entities will allow Project Social to leverage shared expertise and resources,
enhancing its community impact and ensuring ongoing relevance and reach. The AwE module's
single-session format is designed to be adaptable, accommodating various groups within the
same location and across different centers. This flexibility enhances accessibility for aging
adults. Currently, Project Social and the AwE module operate on volunteer efforts and in-kind

Project Social 31
support. For long-term sustainability and success, securing additional funding is essential.
Project Social has a fund development plan to assist with this endeavor (Appendix J).
To expand AwE’s reach, scalability has also been considered (Appendix I). This includes
implementing a train-the-trainer model, standardizing program materials, and forming additional
partnerships with community providers in new locations nationwide. All of these strategies aim
to extend the program’s impact and serve a larger number of aging adults across diverse
communities, indicating its ability to be replicable, scalable, and sustainable.
Implementation Plan
Context and Stakeholders
Project Social will be implemented through strategic partnerships with key stakeholders,
leveraging existing relationships with the LA DPH and the LA County Department of Aging and
Disabilities. These partnerships will support the integration of Project Social into CBOs across
Los Angeles County and beyond to combat social isolation among at-risk aging adults.
As reviewed earlier, initial prototype testing took place in a virtual meeting with SMEs
and in-person with end-users at the East LA Services Center and East Rancho Dominguez
Community Center. The quantitative and qualitative results were positive and indicated initial
proof of concept. To further refine the module and gather data on its stand-alone feature, four
additional design labs are scheduled for September and October. These labs will test the module
as a stand-alone session with two testing sessions with individual aging adults and two testing
sessions with two different groups of aging adults, conducted at ONEgeneration, a CBO in the
San Fernando Valley. These additional tests will focus on validating the module’s effectiveness
when presented independently rather than as part of a tech class, as well as continue to test the
other features of the module. Conducting prototype testing at an assisted living facility is also

Project Social 32
being explored to test the AwE module in a different community setting. Key stakeholders
include aging adults, SMEs, and CBOs leaders and staff who have supported and contributed to
Project Social. Their continued feedback will be instrumental in refining the module and
ensuring its success.
Line-Item Budget
A start-up and initial year budget, including personnel, pilot testing, marketing, grant
writing, and other essentials, is provided in Appendix K to ensure efficient resource allocation.
Fund Development Plan
Project Social is currently sustained through volunteer efforts and in-kind support. To
ensure long-term sustainability, a fund development plan has been created that includes future
funding strategies like pursuing grants, establishing partnerships with corporate sponsors, and
exploring philanthropic funding opportunities aligned with aging adult programs (Appendix J).
Marketing and Brand Plan
The marketing and branding strategy for Project Social will not only need a multipronged approach but will also need to remain focused on the mission of the project to avoid
mission creep. Mission creep is when the activities, engagement, and focus of an organization or
project go beyond the original established goals (Hood, 2022). Following the practice of
targeting campaign communication to Project Social’s mission will assist with staying true to its
mission, vision, and values. Due to the multiple stakeholders involved, the campaign can quickly
become complex. The strategy to tackle this complexity and maintain mission focus is to begin
with one community and build from there in a scaled approach. Project Social’s marketing and
branding plan is included in Appendix L.

Project Social 33
The specifics and timeline for launching Project Social's marketing and branding plan
will be developed post-graduation, coinciding with the pilot testing phase. This ensures that the
marketing strategy evolves as the program scales, allowing for a strategic approach to engaging
aging adults, building community partnerships, and maintaining a strong, mission-focused
identity. By incorporating an ambassador program, emotional storytelling, and community
involvement, Project Social will create meaningful, sustainable engagement that leads to a
significant reduction in social isolation among aging adults.
Evaluation Plan
Measuring Social Change/Impact
The effectiveness of Project Social will be measured using both quantitative and
qualitative methods, providing a comprehensive understanding of its impact. Success will be
measured by the development and delivery of a field-ready education module, establishing three
partnerships with CBOs and senior centers, and hosting four 30-minute training sessions. The
program will aim to administer pre- and post-assessments to at least 25 aging adult participants,
assessing their knowledge of social isolation and technology usage. In the short-term, success
will be measured by tracking participant completion rates, with a goal of 75% or higher.
Knowledge gains related to social isolation will be assessed through pre- and post-session
questions, aiming for a 10% increase in understanding. Participant feedback will be collected via
post-session surveys, with a target of achieving a 90% satisfaction rate.
In the months following the program, participants’ technology usage and comfort with
social connectivity will be tracked, with a goal of increasing both by at least 10% over the course
of three, six, and nine months. Surveys at these intervals will assess participants’ ongoing
integration of technology into their social lives, along with their comfort and competence with

Project Social 34
the tools introduced during the sessions. Over the long term, the program will track changes in
community engagement and social isolation levels. The goal is for a 20% increase in community
involvement and a 15% reduction in social isolation levels at 12, 18, and 24 months. These
outcomes will be measured through follow-up surveys assessing participants' involvement in
community events and changes in their social isolation levels.
Data Collection Plan
A mixed-methods approach (Appendix M) will be used to track progress. Baseline data
on social isolation will be collected using the Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6) (Ludden
et al., 2001), administered before and after participation in the program. Pre- and post-session
questions, administered via Mentimeter, will measure changes in knowledge about social
isolation. Satisfaction surveys will be distributed at the end of each session, with results analyzed
to achieve a target of 90% satisfaction. Intermediate-term data collection will assess participants’
technology usage and comfort with social connectivity at 3-, 6-, and 9-month intervals.
Questions from the Mayor of London Social Integration Measurement Toolkit (Greater London
Authority, 2021) will be used to evaluate social integration and comfort with technology. These
surveys are self-report. For long-term data collection, follow-up surveys at 12-, 18-, and 24-
month intervals will measure changes in community engagement and social isolation using both
the LSNS-6 and questions from the Mayor of London Social Integration Toolkit (Greater
London Authority, 2021).
Communication Plan
To ensure transparency, regular updates will be shared with all stakeholders, including
participants, facilitators, CBOs, and government partners. Preferred communication channels,
such as email and meetings, will be established to accommodate stakeholder preferences.

Project Social 35
Progress reports on project outcomes and participant feedback will be provided at regular
intervals, fostering ongoing collaboration. Feedback loops will be integrated throughout the
project to inform ongoing adjustments. Participants, CBOs, and facilitators will be notified of
any changes resulting from their input, ensuring trust and responsiveness. This commitment to
continuous feedback will ensure Project Social evolves to meet community needs effectively.
This comprehensive evaluation plan will provide valuable insights into the utility, value,
and merit of Project Social. By continuously assessing and enhancing the project’s design
features, Project Social aims to make a lasting impact on social isolation among aging adults in
LA County.
Challenges/Limitations
Project Social may encounter several challenges and limitations during its piloting and
implementation phases. One significant challenge is engaging aging adults, particularly those
hesitant to adopt new technologies or unfamiliar programs. To address this, the program will
leverage partnerships with established CBOs to build trust and encourage participation.
Emphasizing the benefits of the program in all outreach efforts will be crucial in overcoming this
barrier (Barron et al., 2009). Technological barriers pose another challenge, as many aging adults
may have limited experience with or access to technology. The module is specifically designed
to address technological difficulties by offering in-module tech assistance, providing users with
support as they navigate through the content. If participants continue to face challenges,
additional one-on-one assistance will be available. Evaluation and feedback collection may also
present challenges. Collecting reliable and comprehensive data from participants over the long
term can be difficult. To ensure continuous data collection, participants will be reminded and
encouraged to complete follow-up surveys through various channels, including phone calls and

Project Social 36
emails. Simplifying the follow-up process and providing easy access to surveys, such as through
mailed surveys with prepaid return envelopes, will help improve response rates. Cultural and
language barriers are also important considerations. The program will work with local CBOs to
provide culturally and linguistically appropriate materials and recruit bilingual volunteers to
facilitate communication. By proactively addressing these challenges and limitations, Project
Social aims to ensure successful piloting and implementation. Continuous monitoring and
flexibility in response to unforeseen obstacles will be essential for the program’s long-term
success and sustainability.
Conclusion and Implications
Innovation and Social Impact
Project Social is an innovative initiative addressing social isolation among aging adults in
Los Angeles County by leveraging the intersection of technology and social connectivity. This
innovative approach aligns with recent policy recommendations that emphasize the need for
social connections across the lifespan, as highlighted by the Grand Challenge to Eradicate Social
Isolation policy brief (2024). By developing and implementing the AwE module, Project Social
directly contributes to the goal of reducing social isolation and its negative health impacts,
particularly among the vulnerable aging adult population. The module's dual focus on education
and technology empowerment is an innovative addition to the existing solution landscape and
ensures that participants not only gain a deeper understanding of social isolation but also acquire
the tools to actively combat it. Moreover, by embedding the project within local CBOs and
senior centers, Project Social is tailored to meet the specific needs of aging adults, thereby
maximizing its potential for creating a significant positive social impact.
Lessons Learned

Project Social 37
The creation of this capstone project, using a human-centered design approach and design
thinking methodology, underscored the critical role of collaboration. Cross-sector collaboration
is essential to ensuring that Project Social remains community-focused and responsive to the
diverse needs of aging adults. Listening to key stakeholders with openness and curiosity
throughout the program’s formation was fundamental in shaping both the design and
implementation of this meaningful intervention. The iterative nature of the design thinking
process highlighted the importance of flexibility and adaptability. Early and ongoing stakeholder
engagement was essential in refining Project Social, ensuring its relevance and effectiveness.
Ultimately, this development process reaffirmed the need to address social isolation holistically.
By integrating community input and allowing for the program’s evolution over time, the project
created an innovative intervention that aims to effectively and impactfully contribute to resolving
this complex social issue.
Implications for Practice and Future Use
Project Social has several implications for practice and the broader ecosystem. First, it
provides a model for combining educational and technological strategies to address social
isolation, which can be easily replicated or adapted in various settings and other communities.
This approach supports the GCSW policy brief's call for strengthening social connections during
critical life transitions (GCSW, 2024). By positioning social isolation as a SDOH, Project Social
advocates for a comprehensive public health approach that can influence policy and funding
decisions. This aligns with the brief's recommendation to integrate social isolation screening and
interventions into healthcare and community support frameworks. Furthermore, Project Social's
emphasis on continuous evaluation and feedback ensures that interventions remain responsive

Project Social 38
and effective to the evolving needs of the target population, in line with the policy brief's
advocacy for evidence-based practices (GCSW, 2024).
Action Plan
To advance Project Social and ensure its successful implementation, the following next steps
have been identified: pilot testing and refinement, expanding community partnerships, and
planning for sustainability and scalability. Appendix N provides details about Project Social’s
full action plan.
Project Social remains dedicated to enhancing social connectivity and knowledge among
aging adults through interactive and engaging education sessions that empower participants to
thrive in their communities. This program is committed to continuous improvement and values
participant feedback in shaping its future directions. Project Social and its stakeholders can make
a significant impact in reducing social isolation and promoting active engagement among aging
adults. The sustained support and collaboration from participants, facilitators, CBOs, and
stakeholders are crucial to the success of Project Social, driving its mission to foster healthier,
more connected communities.

Project Social 39
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social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review. Perspectives on
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public health priority in the United States. The American psychologist, 72(6), 517–530.
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mentoring: Opportunities and potential pitfalls. Clinical Social Work Journal, 48(1), 35–
45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-019-00727-x

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Lazar, N. (2024). Los Angeles Alliance for Community Health & Aging Preliminary Results:
Technology Support Pop-Up Event [Unpublished PowerPoint slides].
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epidemic” and work is partly to blame. The Washington Post.

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https://usc.yul1.qualtrics.com/homepage/ui

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Appendix A
Survey and Interview Questions
Aging Adult, Family, Caregiver Interview/Survey
Social Isolation Survey
Filling out this survey will assist with a doctorate project on social isolation. Please answer the
following questions as indicated.
1. What is your:
a. Age: __________________________
b. Gender: __________________________
c. Marital Status: __________________________
d. Retired: Yes / No
2. Who is the first person you have available to call for help when assistance is needed?
a. No one
b. Spouse/Partner
c. Family member
d. Friend
e. Neighbor
f. Community members (e.g., faith-based, senior center, etc.)
g. Other: ______________________________________________
If you answered “a” to question #2, please go to question #3 and skip question #4.
If you answered “b” or above to question #2, please skip question #3 and go to question #4.
3. Do you think of yourself as being socially isolated? Yes / No
a. Please give 3 words to describe not having someone available to help you.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
b. Who do you have the most contact within your community?
i. Doctor/Medical Provider
ii. Therapist/Mental Health Provider
iii. Spiritual Leader
iv. Postal/Package Deliver Worker (e.g., USPS, UPS, Amazon)
v. Food/Grocery Delivery Person
vi. Meter Reader
vii. Other: ______________________________________________
c. What is most helpful for you in thinking about being socially isolated?

50
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
d. What is least helpful for you in thinking about being socially isolated?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4. How many people do you have in your social network to call for help?
a. 1-2
b. 3-5
c. 6-8
d. 9 or more
Please answer questions #5 and #6
5. Please match each definition on the right to the term on the left that is the best fit.
______ Social Isolation a. Social relationships
______ Social Connection b. Subjective feeling of low/lack of connectedness to others
______ Loneliness c. Objective state of low/lack of connectedness to others
6. How big of an issue do you think social isolation is in your community?
a. Not an issue at all
b. Somewhat of an issue
c. Important but nothing can be done about it
d. Vital and something must be done about it
If you have any questions about this survey and/or you want to discuss issues around social
isolation and loneliness, please send an email to nlazar@usc.edu.
Thank you for your time.
Providers/Clinic Staff Interview
1. Do you ask your aging adult patients about their social network? Yes / No
If yes:
a. Do you use a formal assessment/screener on social isolation to assess these
patients' level of social connectedness? Yes / No
i. If yes, which one(s)?
b. Do you document this information in the EHR?
2. Do you know what resources are available in your area to support aging adults who are
socially isolated? Yes / No
3. How do you define loneliness?

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4. How do you define social isolation?
5. Where do you believe the gaps are with identifying socially isolated aging adults?
Programs/Organizations/Hospitals Interview
1. How do you identify socially isolated aging adults?
2. Are you aware of the Surgeon General’s recent report on social isolation and loneliness
and his framework to address this epidemic? Yes / No
a. If yes, what are your thoughts about this report and framework?
3. Where do you believe the gaps are with identifying socially isolated aging adults?
Government Entities/Advocacy Organizations Interview
1. Are you aware of the Surgeon General’s recent report on social isolation and loneliness
and his framework to address this epidemic? Yes / No
a. If yes, what are your thoughts about this report and framework?
2. How does this framework get translated into practice at the state/local level?
3. Where do you believe the gaps are with identifying socially isolated aging adults?
Researchers/Experts Interview
1. What is currently happening with the identification of socially isolated aging adults?
2. How does the Surgeon General’s framework to address social isolation and loneliness get
translated into practice at the state/local level?
3. Where do you believe the gaps are with identifying socially isolated aging

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Appendix B
Survey Results
Gender Total
Male 42
Female 76
Non-binary/third gender 1
Marital Status
Single 33
Married 66
Separated 1
Divorced 17
Widowed 2
Retired
Yes 38
No 81
Number of People in Social Network
No one 0
1-2 10
3-5 51
6-8 37
9+ 21
Social Isolation as an Issue
Not an issue at all 16
Somewhat of an issues 56
Important but nothing can be done 1
Vital and something must be done 46
Note. N=119. Participants age ranged from 21 to 84 years, with an average age of 51.32 years
old.

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Appendix C
Project Social Aging with Engagement (AwE) – An Interactive Module Prototype
Link
https://www.mentimeter.com/app/presentation/n/alcp7r14waejqzcszaoen2bm7dxo5hma/present
Slides (with script as indicated)
- The presenter has the space to use their own verbiage for slides without a script, while
complying with the program manual guidelines.
Welcome to this educational session on social isolation in aging adults. Our goal today is to
explore the causes, effects, and solutions to this pressing issue.

54

55
By the end of this presentation, you will have a better understanding of what social isolation is,
how social isolation impacts mental and physical health, and what strategies and resources are
available to combat it.
Social isolation has been a problem for a long time. It's something that doctors and public health
experts worry about because it can affect our mental and physical health.
The COVID-19 pandemic made social isolation even worse. Many of us had to stay home and
couldn't see our friends and family as much. This increased being alone for a lot of people.

56
There is a difference between social isolation and loneliness.
Loneliness is the feeling of being alone and unhappy because you don't have the social
relationships you want. This feeling can happen whether you're by yourself or surrounded by
people. For example, you might have friends around you but still feel emotionally disconnected
and unfulfilled.
Social isolation is different from loneliness. It refers to having little or no contact with other
people. It's more about the physical state of being alone. For example, an older person who lives
alone and doesn't have regular visitors or talks with others is experiencing social isolation.
The key difference between loneliness and social isolation is this:
Social isolation is about the number of social interactions a person has. It's when you have few or
no interactions with others.
Loneliness is about the quality of social interactions. It's when you feel alone, even if you are not
physically isolated.

57
Humans are social creatures. Just like we need food and water every day, we also need to feel
connected with other people. When these connections are missing, it can be very harmful,
especially as we get older.
As people age, they often experience a decline in social connections for several reasons:
• Death or loss of functioning among friends and family members
• Health issues for family and friends
• Their own health and functioning may decline
• Friends and family members might move away or pass away

58
In general, social isolation is more widespread than many major health issues.
• Older adults have the highest rate of social isolation among all adult populations here
the United States.
• In fact, at least 1 in 4 of older adults experience social isolation.
There are certain things that put aging adults at greater risk of social isolation:
• Facing discrimination
• Living in poverty
• Having limited access to resources like housing, transportation, and healthcare
• Having chronic physical and/or mental health issues
• Experiencing major life changes like job loss, moving, or changes in marital status

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Social isolation can lead to serious health risks, including:
Early death: People who are socially isolated have a 50% higher chance of dying early. This risk
is equal to or even greater than the risks associated with smoking, obesity, and an inactive
lifestyle.
Chronic conditions like heart disease, stroke, diabetes, mental health issues, and dementia.
Dementia: 50% greater chance of developing
Heart disease: 29% greater chance
Stroke: 32% greater chance
Being socially isolated also puts you at greater risk for:
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Suicide, and
• A decrease in mental abilities, like memory, thinking, and decision-making skills.

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The behaviors you engage in, related to your health, have a big impact on how healthy you are.
These behaviors include:
• How well or poor you sleep
• How much exercise you get
• Going to your doctor’s appointments
• Taking your medication as prescribed
• Having a healthy diet.
If you are socially connected, people in your support system can positively impact these health
behaviors. They can encourage you and model healthy lifestyles and activities. For example, they
might motivate you to exercise more or eat healthier.
On the other hand, if you lack this support, you are at higher risk of not taking care of yourself.
Social isolation and health—whether physical or mental health—are interconnected.
- Physical and mental health problems can lead to social isolation.
- Social isolation can lead to chronic health issues.

61
There are several things you can do to reduce social isolation:
Learn about resources and events in your community:
• If you usually don't attend community events, try going to one activity you normally
wouldn't consider.
o If transportation stops you from going to events, talk to the staff here.
• Work towards connecting with someone at least once a day.
o This could be a phone call, video chat, or even a walk with a friend or family
member.
• If you are concerned about being socially isolated, talk to someone about it:
o Reach out to your doctor, a family member, a friend, or someone here.

62

63

64
Appendix D
Aging with Engagement (AwE) – An Interactive Module Program Guide

65
Aging with Engagement (AwE)
An Interactive Module
Comprehensive Program Guide for Reducing Social
Isolation in Aging Adults
Created and Developed by:
Nancy Lazar, LCSW
Project Social

66
Table of Contents
Welcome Page 3
Definitions Page 3
Understanding Social Isolation in Aging Adults Page 4
Mission Page 6
Objectives Page 6
Community Engagement and Partnering Page 8
Values Page10
Approachability and Inclusivity Page 12
Facilitator Training Page 13
Program Components Page 15
Evaluation and Feedback Page 35
Program Sustainability and Scaling Page 41
Program Commitment Page 44
Attachment 1: Slides for Aging with Engagement Page 45
Attachment 2: Project Social Logic Model Page 60
Attachment 3: Satisfaction Surveys Page 61
Bibliography Page 90

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Welcome
Welcome to the Aging with Engagement (AwE) – An Interactive Module
program guide that has been developed through Project Social, a key
initiative of Intentionality Behavioral Health, which is a private practice that
offers direct clinical care, consultation, and education and is dedicated to
eradicating social isolation in aging adults.
This comprehensive guide outlines the Aging with Engagement (AwE)
module, an interactive program designed to raise awareness among aging
adults about social isolation, its impact on health, and strategies to combat
it. Additionally, the module focuses on increasing participants' comfort and
competence in using technology, a proven method for reducing social
isolation in this population.
Project Social is committed to fostering healthier, more connected
communities by addressing the unique challenges faced by aging adults.
Through innovative programming like AwE, Project Social aims to empower
individuals with the knowledge and tools they need to stay engaged and
connected in an increasingly digital world.
Definitions
Loneliness: A subjective feeling, a perceived lack of belongingness or
connectedness to other people and can occur whether you are by yourself
or surrounded by others.
Social isolation: An objective state of low social connections.
Aging: The natural and inevitable process of physiological, psychological,
and social changes that occur in living organisms as they advance in
chronological age.
Aging/Older Adults: Commonly associated with individuals who are 65
years of age and older.

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Understanding Social Isolation in Aging Adults
Humans are social creatures and require connectedness with others as
much as proper nourishment and hydration are daily requirements. When
these connections are not present or disappear, which commonly occurs as
we age, a basic human need becomes unmet.
There is a demographic shift occurring with the older adult population. Not
only is the aging adult population experiencing substantial growth but in
many areas of the country there is also an increase in racial and ethnic
diversity, more older adults are living alone, and there is decline in
economic security for the aging. From the US Census data, we know that
size of households has shrunk, more individuals are living alone and
unmarried, and less adults are having children now than in earlier decades.
In general, the older adult population, among all adult populations in the
United States, has the highest rate of social isolation. This occurs due to a
number of reasons related to typical changes at this stage of life – death,
loss of functioning, chronic illness among members of an individual’s social
network, change/decline in one’s own health and level of functioning, and
loss of family members and/or friends due to living/geographical changes
or death.
The health risks associated with social isolation include early all-cause
mortality as well as chronic conditions like heart disease, stroke, diabetes,
mental health issues, and dementia. An individual who is socially isolated
has a 50% greater chance of early death, a 50% greater risk of developing
dementia, a 29% greater chance of having heart disease, and a 32%
greater risk of having a stroke. It is also known that individuals who are
marginalized and discriminated against, who live below the poverty line,
who have limited access to resources like housing, transportation, and
health care, who have chronic physical and/or mental health issues, and/or
who experience major life changes related to employment, housing, and/or
marital status are also at greater risk of being socially isolated.
There is a bidirectionality to the relationship between social connectedness
and health status. Lack of consistent, reliable, and effective
interconnectivity with others has been linked to chronic diseases and, in
turn, chronic health issues as well as the resulting effects they have on an

69
individual’s wellbeing and level of functioning can contribute to social
isolation.
Individuals are living longer than before, chronic health conditions are rising
with the aging process, and the prevalence of social isolation is not only
increasing but is also a significant contributor to the development of these
chronic health conditions. Addressing social isolation among aging adults is
crucial to improving the overall quality of life for this vulnerable population
as well as the community as a whole.
Key Points:
• Prevalence
o Aging adults have the highest rate of social isolation than any
other adult population in the United States.
• Health Impacts
o Social isolation is associate with increased risks of early
mortality and chronic conditions such as heart disease, stroke,
diabetes, mental health issues, and dementia.
• Why It Matters
o Addressing social isolation can reduce its occurrence in this
vulnerable population, improve the quality of life as individuals
age, create healthier communities, and alleviate the burden
social isolation places on health care systems.
For a detailed list of sources used and further reading, please refer to the
bibliography at the end of this manual.

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Mission
Project Social is committed to reducing social isolation among aging adults
through data-driven, community-centered, and innovative interventions that
foster social connectivity, enhance well-being, and promote healthy aging.
By leveraging strong partnerships with community organizations and
volunteer efforts, Project Social empowers aging adults to engage
meaningfully with their communities while utilizing measurable outcomes to
drive continuous improvement and impact.
Objectives
The overarching goal of the Aging with Engagement (AwE) module is to
reduce social isolation in aging adults by increasing these community
members’ understanding of social isolation. AwE aims to contribute
innovatively to existing efforts addressing this complex issue at the
community level, ultimately working to:
• Reduce social isolation among this vulnerable population.
• Foster healthier communities.
• Alleviate the burden that social isolation places on healthcare
systems.
AwE offers a targeted training session, in collaboration with community
partners, for aging adult participants in at-risk communities. Additionally, it
measures participant knowledge acquisition and satisfaction levels among
participants, volunteers, and community partners.
Objectives for Aging with Engagement (AwE) – An Interactive
Module
1) Understand the difference between social isolation and loneliness.
2) Recognize the importance of addressing social isolation.
3) Identify activities that can decrease social isolation.
Expected Outcomes for Aging with Engagement (AwE) – An
Interactive Module
Short-term Outcomes:

71
1) 75% or higher participant training completion rate.
2) 10% or higher increase in participant social isolation knowledge
acquisition.
3) 90% or higher on post-session satisfaction surveys.
Intermediate-term Objectives:
1) 10% or higher increase in technology integration among aging adult
participants.
2) 10% or higher increase in aging adult participants’ comfort and
competence level in using technology tools for social connectivity.
Long-term Objectives:
1) 20% or higher engagement in community events, activities, and
social groups among the aging adult participants.
2) 15% or more decrease in social isolation among the aging adult
participants.

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Community Engagement and Partnering
At the heart of Project Social and the Aging with Engagement (AwE) – An
Interactive Module program is the belief that strong community partnerships
are essential for success. Community involvement is not only beneficial but
also crucial in addressing social isolation among aging adults. The
expertise, resources, and commitment community-based organizations
(CBOs) are the driving forces behind meaningful change in our
communities.
Effective community engagement is vital for the success of Project Social
and the Aging with Engagement (AwE) program. Establishing strong
partnerships with community organizations enhance the reach and impact
of interventions aimed at reducing social isolation among aging adults. A
well-structured approach ensures that partnerships are effective, impactful,
and sustainable. Below are the actions that Project Social utilizes to
effectively initiate engagement with community organizations.
1) Identify Potential Partners
a. Research and list CBOs that focus on aging, health, technology
education, and social services.
i. Examples include senior and community centers.
b. Look for organizations with a mission aligned with Project
Social’s objectives.
2) Build Relationships
a. Initiate contact with the identified organizations through emails,
phone calls, or in-person meetings.
b. Clearly communicate the purpose of Project Social and the
AwE program and how it aligns with their mission.
c. Highlight the mutual benefits of the partnership, emphasizing
shared goals and the potential for impactful outcomes.
3) Present the Program
a. Provide a detailed overview of Project Social, the AwE module,
its objectives, and its benefits.

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b. Share success stories and evidence-based outcomes to
demonstrate the program’s effectiveness.
c. Offer to conduct a pilot session or demonstration to showcase
the module’s interactive nature and potential impact.
4) Collaborate on Customization
a. Discuss any specific needs or preferences the CBO might have
regarding the module’s implementation.
b. Be open to feedback and be willing to make reasonable
adjustments to ensure the program fits seamlessly into their
existing framework.
5) Formalize the Partnership
a. Establish a formal agreement outlining roles, responsibilities,
and expectations.
b. Ensure clear communication channels and regular check-ins to
monitor progress and address any concerns.
6) Provide Ongoing Support
a. Offer continuous assistance and resources to support the
organization in implementing and sustaining the program.
b. Collect and share feedback to make iterative improvements and
celebrate successes.
Example of Successful Collaboration
Volunteering at the Los Angeles Alliance for Community Health and Aging
(LAACHA), which is a strategic alliance of community leaders and
organizations from various sectors of LA County to align efforts and
resources in order to improve population health, has provided Project
Social with invaluable opportunities to connect and build relationships with
various community-based organizations (CBOs). These relationships have
facilitated the introduction and demonstration of the Aging with
Engagement (AwE) module. While integration of AwE into the programming
that these CBOs provide is still in progress, the ongoing relationship
building is paving the way for future collaboration and impact.

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Values
A recurring feature in many interventions and programs aimed at alleviating
social isolation among aging adults is a lack of collaborative efforts across
different systems. Social isolation is a crucial public health concern, which
necessitates strategies and interventions that foster social connectivity
comprehensively and collaboratively to enhance public health nationwide.
To ensure that the collaboration with community partners is effective and
impactful, the following core values are upheld with AwE and within Project
Social. These principles guide this work and are integral to fostering a
successful partnership.
Values for Aging with Engagement (AwE) – An Interactive Module
1) Open Communication
à Foster an environment where every voice is heard and valued
to ensure transparency and inclusivity in all interactions.
2) True Collaboration
à Encourage active participation and shared responsibilities
among all partners and the community, promoting teamwork
and mutual respect.
3) Flexibility
à Maintain responsiveness to the needs, requests, and changes
from partners and the community, adapting strategies as
necessary.
4) Support
à Provide consistent assistance to ensure all partners have the
resources and guidance they need.
5) Commitment

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à Demonstrate a long-term commitment to sustaining
engagement and achieving success, prioritizing the well-being
of aging adults.
6) Inclusivity
à Ensure that the program is accessible and equitable for all
aging adults, recognizing and addressing diverse needs and
backgrounds.
By adhering to these values, Project Social strives to create a collaborative
environment where all partners can contribute meaningfully and work
towards the shared objective of reducing social isolation among aging
adults. It is believed that this collaborative approach assists with the
creation of a more connected and supportive community for aging adults.
These partnerships are the cornerstone of Project Social and the AwE
program, and the commitment and dedication community organizations
bring to this important cause is recognized and appreciated.

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Approachability and Inclusivity
In line with its commitment to inclusivity and accessibility, Project Social,
and more specifically, the Aging with Engagement (AwE) module, is
designed to be approachable for all aging adults, regardless of their
familiarity with technology or their social, cultural backgrounds. The
program recognizes the diverse needs within communities and strives to
create a welcoming environment where participants feel empowered to
engage. Although the specific platform that the AwE module utilizes does
not offer varying languages for the presentation content, facilitators and
support staff are utilized to provide translation services as needed,
ensuring that language barriers do not hinder participation. Additionally,
surveys are available in the languages spoken by participants, further
enhancing accessibility. AwE accommodates varying levels of
technological proficiency and partners with CBOs that serve diverse
populations ensuring that the AwE module is accessible to everyone. By
embracing inclusivity, the program aims to foster a sense of belonging and
support among aging adults, promoting their social connectivity and overall
well-being.

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Facilitator Training
Project Social and the AwE programming are entirely volunteer-based,
relying on the dedication and expertise of volunteers to deliver impactful
services. Effective facilitators are pivotal in ensuring the AwE module is
delivered with excellence, fostering a positive experience for all
participants. Below is an overview of facilitator training, which is essential to
maintain consistency in program delivery and uphold the intended
objectives.
Training Objectives
The facilitator training for AwE aims to achieve the following objectives:
1) Understanding Program Objectives and Content
à Facilitators will gain a comprehensive understanding of the
program's objectives, content, and intended outcomes.
à This includes familiarity with session materials, interactive tools,
and participant engagement strategies through the Mentimeter
platform.
2) Facilitation Skills Development
à Training will focus on enhancing facilitation skills necessary for
leading, engaging, and inclusive sessions.
à This includes techniques for fostering group discussions,
managing participant dynamics, and ensuring sessions remain
interactive and informative.
3) Technology Proficiency
à Facilitators will receive training on utilizing the Mentimeter platform
effectively.
à This includes practical guidance on setting up surveys, polls, and
discussions, as well as troubleshooting common technical issues
that may arise during sessions.

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Training Components
Facilitator training for AwE may include the following components:
• Program Overview
o Detailed review of the program goals, session structure, and
key content areas.
• Interactive Techniques
o Training on interactive facilitation techniques to encourage
participant involvement and discussion.
• Platform Training
o Hands-on practice with the Mentimeter platform, including
the use and management of interactive elements such as
surveys and polls.
• Role-playing and Scenarios
o Practice sessions to simulate real-world facilitation
scenarios, allowing facilitators to apply learned techniques
and receive feedback.
• Support and Resources
o Information on available support channels, troubleshooting
guides, and additional resources to assist facilitators during
sessions.
Facilitator training is essential for ensuring consistency and quality in
program delivery. Training sessions will be conducted periodically to
onboard new facilitators and refresh existing ones on any updates or
enhancements to the program.

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Program Components
Aging with Engagement (AwE) is a 30-minute interactive module designed
to educate community members about social isolation and its impacts. This
program also aims to increase participants' comfort with using technology.
Through engaging interactive activities on participants’ devices, AwE helps
participants understand social isolation while enhancing their technology
skills, fostering greater connectivity and awareness.
Module Structure
The module consists of a slide deck (see Attachment 1) presented through
a platform called Mentimeter (www.mentimeter.com), which allows
participants to engage with the content using their own devices.
Participants can follow along on their devices, respond to pre- and postquestions in real-time, and submit feedback and questions throughout the
presentation. This interaction allows for seamless data collection on
participants’ social isolation knowledge acquisition as well.
Participant Engagement
• Real-Time Interaction
o Participants use their devices to follow the presentation, answer
questions, and provide feedback.
• Knowledge Acquisition
o Pre- and post-questions measure participants’ understanding of
social isolation.
• Feedback Mechanism
o Participants can submit questions and comments throughout
the presentation, ensuring a dynamic and responsive learning
environment.
• Q&A Period

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o A designated time for participants to ask additional questions or
share comments.
Integration with Existing Programs c
AwE can be presented as a stand-alone module or embedded in existing
curriculums focused on technology education for aging adults, such as
those offered at senior or community centers. The real-time engagement
features help participants practice essential tech skills, including:
• Clicking on links
• Using QR codes
• Typing on devices
• Submitting forms and questionnaires
• Navigating the internet
Assessment and Satisfaction Survey
At the end of the presentation, participants complete a survey via a
provided link. This survey collects demographic information and measures
the participants' social isolation levels in addition to each attendee’s
subjective opinion about various aspects of the module.
Logic Module
Project Social has a comprehensive plan for addressing social isolation
among aging adults (See Attachment 2). Although specific for LA County,
this plan can be applied for any area/county. The inputs for this initiative
include the essential expertise in understanding the complexities of social
isolation, forged collaborations with key entities such as the LA County
Department of Public Health and LA County Department of Aging and
Disabilities, and crucial relationship building with CBOs and senior centers.
Additionally, the commitment of volunteering time, project management
skills, and specialized expertise in module development and training are
integral inputs, ensuring a well-rounded approach.
The core activities of this intervention include the development of an
interactive education module, Aging with Engagement (AwE) – An
Interactive Module, focusing on social isolation among aging adults in LA
County and conducting one 30-minute training session per quarter per

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collaboration. Developing and incorporating pre- and post-assessments
and a post satisfaction survey into these trainings will enable the valuable
data on the interventions effectiveness to be collected. Active participation
in the LAACHA’s Innovations committee and Technology and Digital
Inclusion subcommittee ensures alignment with broader healthy aging
initiatives and provides opportunities for the collaborative efforts needed for
this project. Establishing community partnerships with CBOs and senior
centers extends the reach of the intervention to diverse community
settings.
The outputs of these activities are tangible results that demonstrate
progress. This includes the establishment of three functioning community
partnerships with CBOs and/or senior centers, one field-ready interactive
education module, completion of four 30-minute training sessions, receipt
of 25 pre- and post-assessments and surveys, and having 25 aging adults
trained on what social isolation is and how it contributes to chronic health
issues. The short-term targets for this project involve achieving a 75% or
higher participant training completion rate, at least a 10% increase in
participant social isolation knowledge acquisition, and a 90% or higher
score on post-session satisfaction surveys. Intermediate-term outcomes
include a 10% or higher increase in technology integration among aging
adult participants and a 10% or higher increase in their comfort and
competence in using technology tools for social connectivity. Long-term
goals encompass a 20% or higher engagement in community events and
activities among aging adult participants and a 15% or more decrease in
social isolation within this demographic. Ultimately, the impact sought is a
reduction in social isolation among the aging adult population in Los
Angeles County, contributing to the creation of healthier communities and
alleviating the burden on healthcare systems in the region. This logic model
provides a structured and comprehensive framework to guide the project's
implementation and assess its effectiveness over time.
Module Breakdown
The agenda for the AwE module includes:
• Instructions
• Pre-Module Questions

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• Objectives
• Social Isolation vs Loneliness
• Why Social Isolation is Important
• Effects on Mental and Physical Health
• Strategies to Combat Social Isolation
• Post-Module Questions
Slide #1 – Instructions
The first slide provides instructions of how to log into the presentation on
each participant’s device in order to have all of the viewers follow along and
engage as the presentation proceeds. This slide can be printed out as a
handout that the facilitator and assistants, as indicated, can utilize to assist
each participant in connecting to the presentation on their own device.
Þ Facilitator Role
It is the responsibility of the facilitator to create an environment of
support and encouragement from the start of this presentation. In
addition, the facilitator is responsible for ensuring each participant is
able to log into the presentation, which may require the lead and/or
designated assistant(s) to assist each individual with this log-in
process. It is, therefore, recommended that any facilitator/assistant
who is not familiar with this platform, practice prior to presenting.

83
This instructions section also includes introducing the reaction buttons that
Mentimeter includes at the bottom of each slide. The reaction buttons, as
seen below, allows the audience to engage with the presentation in realtime by clicking on any of these buttons at any point when they are visible.
Audience member has a question
Thumbs up/Agrees/Likes reaction
Thumbs down/Disagrees/Dislikes reaction
Loves reaction
Slide #2 – Cover Slide
The is the first slide of the presentation. It is a cover slide with the name of
the presentation/module – Aging with Engagement (AwE) – as the header
and “An Interactive Module” as the sub header that lies under the header
and is shown in smaller font size. The Project Social logo is included on the
right-hand side of the slide.

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The beginning of the AwE module includes the facilitator welcoming all
participants, giving an introduction of the presenter(s), and introducing the
module by name.
Slide #3 - Agenda
The third slide provides the agenda as identified at the beginning of this
section.
Þ Facilitator Role
The facilitator provides a review of the different sections of the
module to ensure that the participants understand the module’s
structure and flow.
Slide #4 – Warm-Up/Practice Question
The third slide is an engagement exercise to allow all participants practice
with the platform and their devices. Joining information, via website or QR
code, are also included on this slide in case a participant needs this
information to enter/return at this point in the presentation.
Þ Facilitator Role
It is the responsibility of the facilitator to ensure all participants are
logged in and able to answer the provided question. The small person

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icon that is on the bottom right of the slide will include a number once
participants have logged in, which shows how many audience
members are present in the module.
The activity for this slide is for participants to answer, on their devices,
“What technology issues do you encounter most frequently?”. This exercise
not only provides the audience with practice, but it also allows for
subjective data to be collected from at-risk aging adults on their
technological issues. This data is invaluable for tailoring future
programming to better meet the needs of aging adults, identifying common
barriers to technology use, and developing targeted interventions to
enhance their digital literacy and connectivity. By understanding the
specific challenges faced by participants, more effective and supportive
solutions can be created to reduce social isolation.
Slide #5 – Section Header
This slide introduces the next section – Pre-Module Questions
Þ Facilitator Role
It is the facilitator’s responsibility to present this section in a fun, gamelike manner to ensure participants are comfortable with these questions.
Þ Example
"Alright everyone, before we dive into today's presentation, let's warm up
with a few questions to get us thinking about social isolation and
loneliness. Think of this as a game where we explore our understanding
together.”
Slide #6 and #7 – Pre-Module Questions
The next two slides have the pre-module questions, one on each slide.

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1) What is the best definition of social isolation?
2) What is a common reason for the increase in social isolation as
people age?
Þ Facilitator Role
The facilitator reads the instructions and questions as they appear on
each slide. The participants have a full minute to answer per question.
When all participants have answered, the platform will display the
correct answers and the distribution of participant responses.
Slide #8 – Objectives
This slide introduces the three objectives for the module.
1) Understand the difference between social isolation and loneliness.
2) Understand why social isolation is important to pay attention to.
3) Identify activities to engage in that can decrease social isolation.
Þ Facilitator Role
The script for this slide is provided in the slide deck. It is expected that
facilitators read the script for this slide.
“By the end of this presentation, you will have a better understanding of
what social isolation is, how social isolation impacts mental and physical
health, and what strategies and resources are available to combat it.”
Slide #9 – General Overview
This slide provides a general overview of social isolation.
Þ Facilitator Role

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The script for this slide is provided in the slide deck. It is expected that
facilitators read the script for this slide.
“Social isolation has been a problem for a long time. It's something that
doctors and public health experts worry about because it can affect our
mental and physical health.
The COVID-19 pandemic made social isolation even worse. Many of us
had to stay home and couldn't see our friends and family as much. This
increased being alone for a lot of people.”
Slide #10 – Section Header
This slide introduces the next section – Social Isolation vs. Loneliness
Section #11 – Social Isolation vs. Loneliness
This is the main slide in this section. It discusses the difference between
social isolation and loneliness.
Þ Facilitator Role
The script for this slide is provided in the slide deck. It is expected that
facilitators read the script for this slide.
“There is a difference between social isolation and loneliness.
Loneliness is the feeling of being alone and unhappy because you don't
have the social relationships you want. This feeling can happen whether
you're by yourself or surrounded by people. For example, you might
have friends around you but still feel emotionally disconnected and
unfulfilled.

88
Social isolation is different from loneliness. It refers to having little or no
contact with other people. It's more about the physical state of being
alone. For example, an older person who lives alone and doesn't have
regular visitors or talks with others is experiencing social isolation.
The key difference between loneliness and social isolation is this:
Social isolation is about the number of social interactions a person has.
It's when you have few or no interactions with others.
Loneliness is about the quality of social interactions. It's when you feel
alone, even if you are not physically isolated.”
Slide #12 – Section Header
This slide introduces the next section – Why Social Isolation is Important
Slide #13 – Social Connections and Aging
Discussion moves to how the decline of social connections is a part of the
aging process.
Þ Facilitator Role
The script for this slide is provided in the slide deck. It is expected that
facilitators read the script for this slide.
“Humans are social creatures. Just like we need food and water every
day, we also need to feel connected with other people. When these
connections are missing, it can be very harmful, especially as we get
older.
As people age, they often experience a decline in social connections for
several reasons:
• Death or loss of functioning among friends and family members
• Health issues for family and friends

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• Their own health and functioning may decline
• Friends and family members might move away or pass away”
Slide #14 – Prevalence of Social Isolation
This slide provides beginning information about the prevalence of social
isolation in the aging adult population.
Þ Facilitator Role
The script for this slide is provided in the slide deck. It is expected that
facilitators read the script for this slide.
“In general, social isolation is more widespread than many major health
issues. Older adults have the highest rate of social isolation among all
adult populations here the United States. In fact, at least 1 in 4 of older
adults experience social isolation.”
Slide #15 – Other Risk Factors
Additional risk factors for social isolation are reviewed.
Þ Facilitator Role
The script for this slide is provided in the slide deck. It is expected that
facilitators read the script for this slide.
“There are certain things that put aging adults at greater risk of social
isolation:
• Facing discrimination
• Living in poverty
• Having limited access to resources like housing, transportation,
and healthcare
• Having chronic physical and/or mental health issues

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• Experiencing major life changes like job loss, moving, or changes
in marital status”
Slide #16 - Section Header
This slide introduces the next section – Effects on Mental and Physical
Health
Slide #17 – Physical Health Risks
The risks related to physical health issues that social isolation causes are
discussed.
Þ Facilitator Role
The script for this slide is provided in the slide deck. It is expected that
facilitators read the script for this slide.
“Social isolation can lead to serious health risks, including:
• Early death
o People who are socially isolated have a 50% higher chance
of dying early.
o This risk is equal to or even greater than the risks associated
with smoking, obesity, and an inactive lifestyle.
• Chronic conditions like heart disease, stroke, diabetes, mental
health issues, and dementia. People who are socially isolated
have a:
o 50% greater chance of developing dementia;
o 29% greater chance of developing heart disease; and
o 32% greater chance of having a stroke.”
Slide #18 – Mental Health Risks

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The risks related to physical health issues that social isolation causes are
discussed.
Þ Facilitator Role
The script for this slide is provided in the slide deck. It is expected that
facilitators read the script for this slide.
“Being socially isolated also puts you at greater risk for:
• Depression;
• Anxiety;
• Suicide; and
• A decrease in mental abilities, like:
o Memory;
o Thinking; and
o Decision-making skills.”
Slide #19 – Impact of Social Connections on Health Behaviors
This slide reviews how social connections influence health behaviors and
how these connections are crucial for promoting overall well-being and
resilience.
Þ Facilitator Role
The script for this slide is provided in the slide deck. It is expected that
facilitators read the script for this slide.
“The behaviors you engage in, related to your health, have a big impact
on how healthy you are. These behaviors include:
• How well or poor you sleep;
• How much exercise you get;
• Going to your doctor’s appointments;

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• Taking your medication as prescribed; and
• Having a healthy diet.
If you are socially connected, people in your support system can
positively impact these health behaviors. They can encourage you and
model healthy lifestyles and activities. For example, they might motivate
you to exercise more or eat healthier.
On the other hand, if you lack this support, you are at higher risk of not
taking care of yourself. Social isolation and health—whether physical or
mental health—are interconnected.
• Physical and mental health problems can lead to social isolation.
• Social isolation can lead to chronic health issues.”
Slide #20 - Section Header
This slide introduces the next section – Strategies to Combat Social
Isolation
Slide #21 – Engagement Activity
This slide returns to participant engagement by asking the attendees “What
are some things you can do to connect more with others?”
Þ Facilitator Role
It is the facilitator’s responsibility to engage the participants as their
answers appear as well as illicit additional responses from them.
Slide #22 – Things You Can Do
This slide provides additional, general suggestions for increasing
connectivity with others.

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Þ Facilitator Role
The script for this slide is provided in the slide deck. It is expected that
facilitators read the script for this slide.
“There are several things you can do to reduce social isolation:
• Learn about resources and events in your community:
o If you usually don't attend community events, try going to one
activity you normally wouldn't consider.
o If transportation stops you from going to events, talk to the staff
here.
• Work towards connecting with someone at least once a day:
o This could be a phone call, video chat, or even a walk with a
friend or family member.
• If you are concerned about being socially isolated, talk to someone
about it:
o Reach out to your doctor, a family member, a friend, or
someone here.”
Slide #23 – Q&A
This slide gives the participants a chance to ask any questions about the
presentation, specific material that was provided, and their devices.
Þ Facilitator Role
It is the facilitator’s responsibility to engage the participants and
encourage them to ask questions verbally or through the platform.
Slide #24 – Section Header
This slide introduces the next section – Post-Module Questions

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Þ Facilitator Role
It is the facilitator’s responsibility to again present this section in a fun,
game-like manner to ensure participants are comfortable with these
questions.
Slide #25, #26, and #27 – Post-Module Questions
The next three slides have the post-module questions, one on each slide.
1) What is the best definition of social isolation?
2) Which of the following is a cause of social isolation?
3) What is 1 step towards increasing social connection?
Þ Facilitator Role
The facilitator reads the instructions and questions as they appear on
each slide. The participants have a full minute to answer per question.
When all participants have answered, the platform will display the
correct answers and the distribution of participant responses.
Slide #28 – Survey Link
This slide provides the link to the satisfaction survey.
Þ Facilitator Role
It is the facilitator’s responsibility to ensure that each participant is able
to click on the link and complete the satisfaction survey as indicated.
The survey is provided in the languages needed for each group. The
facilitator and/or assistant(s) can guide participants in selecting the
correct language.

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The survey platform has a language option. When the carat is clicked
on, the language choices appear. The user then selects the needed
language, and the survey questions and answers will appear in that
language.
Þ Examples
Slide #29 – Thank You
This slide provides an opportunity for the facilitator to express their
appreciation for the participants attendance at and engagement with the
AwE module and with completing the surveys. This slide offers

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Intentionality Behavioral Health’s contact information to participants in order
for them to reach out via email or website for additional
questions/comments.
Þ Facilitator Role
• Express Appreciation
o The facilitator is responsible for expressing sincere thanks to
the participants for attending the AwE module and for their
engagement throughout the session.
• Encourage Completion of Surveys
o Reinforce the importance of completing any surveys or
feedback forms related to the module. Emphasize that their
feedback is valuable for improving future sessions.
• Encourage Contact
o Encourage participants to reach out for any additional
questions, comments, or further support related to the
module content.
• Close on a Positive Note
o Conclude the session with a positive message, thanking
participants once again for their participation and
emphasizing the organization's readiness to assist further.
Settings for AwE Module
In an effort to reach at-risk aging adults effectively, AwE is designed as a
single 30-minute module that can seamlessly integrate into existing tech
class programming or be delivered as a standalone session. The program
is versatile and can be implemented in various settings, including but not
limited to senior centers, community centers, Federally Qualified Health
Centers (FQHCs), and other community health clinics. These settings are

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particularly suitable for engaging aging adults facing diverse challenges
and who can benefit from the educational and interactive nature of AwE
due to the populations that these organizations serve.
Additionally, AwE can thrive in settings such as libraries, educational
institutions, retirement communities, and other venues that cater to older
adults seeking intellectual stimulation and social interaction. By adapting
the program to different environments, facilitators can effectively meet the
needs and preferences of participants, ensuring widespread accessibility
and impact.
Technology Requirements
Due to the highly interactive nature of AwE facilitated through the
Mentimeter platform, specific technology requirements are essential for
effective participation by facilitators, assistants, CBOs, and participants.
Facilitators and assistants must ensure that the physical venue meets
essential requirements, including reliable internet connectivity, suitable
seating arrangements conducive to discussions and presentations,
adequate lighting, and audiovisual equipment for the projection of the
module if needed.
Participants are required to have advanced devices with internet access,
such as a smartphone, tablet, or computer, to fully engage in AwE sessions
through the Mentimeter platform. This requirement ensures they can
actively participate in real-time surveys, polls, and discussions, fostering a
collaborative learning environment. In cases where individual participants
do not have access to these devices, the community organization may offer
access to ensure everyone can participate fully.
The AwE program prioritizes fostering meaningful connections and
inclusive discussions among participants. While technology supports
learning materials and communication, the primary emphasis is on creating
a supportive and interactive in-person experience. This approach ensures
that participants feel valued and engaged throughout the session. In
addition, it creates an opportunity for social connectivity.
While AwE is primarily designed for in-person delivery, virtual sessions can
be considered as an alternative when physical attendance is not feasible.
This flexibility accommodates participants facing mobility challenges or

98
geographical constraints. Facilitators are responsible for selecting
appropriate virtual meeting platforms, ensuring reliable internet
connectivity, and providing technical support to maintain engagement and
accessibility for all participants in virtual settings.
For participants requiring translation services or access to materials in
multiple languages, these provisions are available as discussed earlier,
ensuring inclusivity and accessibility across all sessions.

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Evaluation and Feedback
Purpose of Evaluation and Feedback
The evaluation and feedback process is crucial for the ongoing success
and enhancement of the AwE program. It ensures that the program
remains relevant, engaging, and effective for all participants. Participant
feedback is highly valued and plays a key role in shaping future sessions to
better meet the needs of the community.
Evaluation Methods
AwE employs a variety of tools and methods to gather comprehensive
feedback from participants (see Attachment 3). These include:
• Surveys
o Participants complete surveys at the end of each session to
provide immediate feedback on their experience.
• Real-Time Feedback
o The Mentimeter platform is used during sessions to collect
real-time assessment and feedback, ensuring immediate
participant input.
• Social Isolation Assessment
o The Lubben Social Isolation Scale - Abbreviated Version
(LSNS-6) is administered to participants to collect data on
their levels of social isolation before and after participating in
the program.
o This tool helps measure the program's impact on reducing
social isolation among participants.
Evaluation Plan
To effectively measure the short-term, intermediate-term, and long-term
objectives, the following plan is integrated into the AwE programming:

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Short-Term Outcomes
1) Participant Training Completion Rate
à Manual tracking of the number of participants who complete the
entire presentation.
Target: 75% or higher completion rate.
Data Collection Method: Facilitators will maintain attendance
records to monitor the completion rate.
2) Knowledge Acquisition
à Pre- and post-module questions assess participants’ social
isolation knowledge acquisition.
Target: 10% or higher increase in participants' social isolation
knowledge.
Data Collection Method: Participants will answer a set of
knowledge-based questions before and after the session via
the Mentimeter platform. Data will be analyzed to determine the
increase in knowledge.
3) Satisfaction Surveys
à Post-session surveys to measure participant satisfaction.
Target: 90% or higher satisfaction rate.
Data Collection Method: Participants will complete a
satisfaction survey at the end of the session using the link
provided in the presentation. Results will be compiled and
analyzed to gauge overall satisfaction.
Intermediate-Term Objectives
1) Technology Integration

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à Assess participants’ technology integration among aging adult
participants through follow-up surveys.
Target: 10% or higher increase in technology integration
among aging adult participants
Data Collection Method: Follow-up surveys will be
conducted at 3-, 6-, and 9-month intervals with questions
about participants’ use of technology.
Questions:
In the past month, have you utilized email, searched the
internet or Google, shopped online, or accessed online
images/digital pictures?
Have you used any social messaging sites, like WhatsApp,
Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat, in the last month?
2) Comfort and Competence with Technology
à Assess participants’ comfort and competence in using
technology tools for social connectivity using follow-up surveys
at the same intervals.
Target: 10% or higher increase in comfort and competence
level in using technology tools for social connectivity.
Data Collection Method: Follow-up surveys at the same
intervals will assess changes in participants’ comfort and
competence with technology. Specific questions will focus on
their ability to use various technology tools.
Questions:
How often do you use the sites and apps like these?
Note: “sites and apps like these” is referring to the
sites/apps identified in the two questions in #1 above.

102
Is technology helping you stay connected to:
Please check all that apply.
Family
Friends
Health care providers
Other:
None of the above
Long-Term Objectives
1) Community Engagement
à Track participants’ engagement in community events, activities,
and social groups among aging adult participants via follow-up
surveys at 12-, 18-, and 24-months.
Target: 20% or higher engagement in community events,
activities, and social groups among the aging adult participants.
Data Collection Method: Follow-up surveys at 12-, 18-, and
24-month intervals will assess changes in participants’
community engagement level.
Questions:
How strongly do you feel connected to your local community?
Which of the following activities have you done in the last month?
Had an in-person appointment with a health care provider
Went out to eat
Went to the park
Attended a community event
Went to the theater/cinema
Attended a place of worship
Visited a museum/gallery
None of the above

103
2) Reduction in Social Isolation
à Measure participants’ social isolation levels initially at the AwE
presentation and then over the course of 2 years, via follow-up
surveys at 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 18-, and 24-months after completion
of the AwE program.
Target: 15% or more decrease in social isolation among the
aging adult participants.
Data Collection Method: Using the LSNS-6 initially with AwE
aging adult participants and then in follow-up surveys with
these participants at the same intervals identified above. Will
compare initial social isolation levels with subsequent scores to
measure whether a decrease has occurred over time.
Feedback from Facilitators and Partnering CBOs
In addition to participant feedback, AwE collects satisfaction data from
volunteers and partnering CBOs. This feedback helps ensure that the
program is meeting the needs of all stakeholders and identifies areas for
improvement. See Attachment 3 for survey questions.
Anonymous and Confidential Feedback
To foster a culture of honesty and openness, all feedback is collected
anonymously and kept confidential. This approach encourages participants,
partners, and facilitators to share their genuine thoughts and suggestions
without any reservations.
Utilization of Feedback
The feedback received is carefully analyzed to identify strengths and areas
for improvement. This analysis informs any necessary adjustments to the
program, ensuring it remains responsive to participant, volunteer, and
partnering organizations’ needs. Specific actions taken based on feedback
will be shared, as indicated, demonstrating that their voices are not only
heard but also acted upon.

104
Continuous Improvement
Project Social is committed to continuous improvement. Regular feedback
loops are integral to this process, allowing the program to evolve and adapt
over time. By continually seeking and incorporating participant, facilitator,
and community partner input, Project Social strives to deliver the best
possible experience for all involved.
Communication of Changes
Participants, CBOs, and facilitators will be informed, as indicated, of any
significant changes or improvements made as a result of their feedback.
This transparency helps build trust and reinforces the value placed on their
contributions.

105
Program Sustainability and Scaling
Long-Term Funding Strategy
Project Social and AwE are currently sustained through volunteer efforts
and in-kind support. To ensure long-term sustainability, future funding
strategies include pursuing grants, establishing partnerships with corporate
sponsors interested in community health initiatives, and exploring
philanthropic funding opportunities aligned with aging adult programs.
Scalability Plan
Scaling Project Social and the AwE program involves expanding its reach
to more aging adults and new geographic locations. Key strategies include
developing a train-the-trainer model to empower facilitators from partner
organizations, standardizing program materials for consistent delivery, and
fostering additional partnerships with CBOs, senior centers, and health
clinics across the country to broaden program access.
Technology Integration
Continued integration of technology is crucial for enhancing program
delivery and participant engagement. Future plans include developing a
proprietary platform aimed at addressing accessibility issues associated
with the use of Mentimeter. Additionally, there is an intention to explore
virtual session options to cater to participants unable to attend in person,
along with evaluating new technologies that facilitate social connectivity
among aging adults.
Partnership Development
Building and maintaining strong partnerships with CBOs, senior centers,
and health clinics are integral to program sustainability. These partnerships
facilitate program promotion, participant recruitment, and access to diverse
community resources that support the objectives of Project Social and the
AwE program. Collaborative efforts aim to leverage shared expertise and
resources for maximum community impact.

106
Impact Assessment and Continuous Improvement
Ongoing assessment of program impact guides continuous improvement
efforts. Feedback from participants, facilitators/volunteers, and partnering
organizations informs adjustments to program content, delivery methods,
and outreach strategies. This iterative process ensures that AwE remains
responsive to participant needs and aligned with community priorities,
driving meaningful outcomes for aging adults.
Participant Retention and Recruitment
Recruiting participants for the AwE program involves tailoring outreach
efforts to diverse groups throughout varying communities. As a singlesession module, AwE accommodates various groups within the same
location or at different centers, maximizing accessibility for aging adults.
Facilitators and community partners are instrumental in promoting the
program and ensuring robust participant engagement. Strategies for
recruitment may vary based on the needs and preferences of each group,
ensuring that every session is inclusive and impactful.
Risk Management
Effective risk management is crucial for the sustainability and scalability of
the Aging with Engagement (AwE) program. Project Social takes a
comprehensive approach to identifying, analyzing, and responding to
potential risks that may impact the program.
Risk Identification and Analysis
• Identify risks that may impact the project at various stages.
o This includes risks related to collaboration, technology,
community engagement, and content development.
• Assess the likelihood and potential impact of these risks, categorizing
them as low, medium, or high.
Risk Response Planning

107
• Develop strategies to mitigate or minimize the impact of identified
risks.
• Designate individuals or teams responsible for implementing these
risk mitigation strategies.
Contingency Planning
• Identify high-risk items that might still occur despite mitigation efforts.
• Develop clear, actionable steps for activating contingency plans if
necessary.
Risk Monitoring
• Define a regular schedule for monitoring and reviewing identified
risks.
• Continuously update the risk assessment based on project progress
and changes in the external environment.
Integrating these risk management strategies into the program ensures that
all stakeholders are prepared to address potential challenges proactively.
This approach supports the sustainability of the AwE program and
enhances its ability to scale effectively, thereby reaching a broader
audience and achieving greater impact.

108
Program Commitment
Project Social, through the AwE program, is dedicated to enhancing social
connectivity and knowledge among aging adults through interactive and
engaging sessions. By fostering meaningful connections and providing
valuable resources, AwE aims to empower participants to thrive in their
communities. The program is committed to continuous improvement and
values participant feedback in shaping its future directions.
Project Social, the AwE program, and its stakeholders can make a
significant impact in reducing social isolation and promoting active
engagement among aging adults. Participants' dedication and support,
along with ongoing collaboration from facilitators, CBOs, and all
stakeholders, are instrumental in making Project Social and AwE a success
and achieving lasting positive outcomes.

109
Attachment 1
Slides for Aging with Engagement (AwE) – An Interactive Module

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124
Attachment 2
Project Social Logic Model
Logic Model
OUTCOMES
10% or higher increase in
aging adult participants'
comfort and competence
level in using technology
tools for social connectivity
Intermediate-Term
Long-Term
INPUTS
Expertise on social
isolation and its impact
on individuals, families,
and communities
Collaborating with LA
DPH and LA County
Department of Aging
and Disabilities
Relationship
building with CBOs and
senior centers
ACTIVITIES
Participate in the
LAACHA Innovations
Committee and
Technology and Digital
Inclusion Subcommittee
Develop an interactive
education module on
social isolation in aging
adults for the training
sessions
Establish community
partnerships
with CBOs and Senior
Centers
OUTPUTS
Conduct
1 30-minute training
session per quarter per
collaboration
10% or higher increase in
participant social
isolation knowledge
acquisition
20% or higher engagement
in community events,
activities, and social groups
among the aging adult
participants
15% or more decrease in
social isolation among the
aging adult participants
10% or higher increase in
technology integration
among aging adult
participants
90% or higher score on
post-session
satisfaction surveys
Short-Term
25 aging adults
trained on what is
social isolation and
how it contributes to
chronic health issues
75% or higher
participant training
completion rate
Volunteering time,
project
management, module
development, and
conducting trainings
Create pre- and postassessments and survey
4 completed 30-
minute training
sessions
3 functioning
community
partnerships with
CBOs and/or senior
centers
1 fieldready interactive
education module
25 pre- and postassessments and
surveys received

125
Attachment 3
Assessment and Satisfaction Surveys

126
Baseline Participant Survey
AwE Baseline Survey
Start of Block: Demographics
Please tell us a little bit about yourself.
What is your age?
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Age
What is your gender?
o Male
oFemale
o Non-binary / third gender
oPrefer not to say
What is your marital status?
o Married
o Widowed
o Divorced
oSeparated
o Never married

127
Are you retired?
o No
o Yes
Are you a caregiver for someone 65 years or older?
o Yes
o No
End of Block: Demographics
Start of Block: LSNS-6
These next 6 questions are looking at you level of social connection.
Family: Considering the people to whom you are related by birth, marriage, adoption, etc. . .
How many relatives do you see or hear from at least once a month?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 - 8
o9 or More

128
How many relative do you feel at ease with that you can talk about private matters?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 - 8
o9 or More
How many relatives do you feel close to such that you could call on them for help?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 - 8
o9 or More

129
Friendships: Considering all of your friends including those who live in your neighborhood. . .
How many of your friends do you see or hear from at least once a month?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 -8
o9 or More
How many friends do you feel at ease with that you can talk about private matters?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 - 8
o9 or More

130
How many friends do you feel close to such that you could call on them for help?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 - 8
o9 or More
End of Block: LSNS-6
Start of Block: Technology and Community Integration
These next few questions focus on your technology use and your community involvement.
In the past month, have you utilized email, searched the internet or Google, shopped online, or
accessed online images/digital pictures?
o No
o Yes
Have you used any social messaging sites, like WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat, in
the last month?
o Yes
o No

131
How often do you use the sites and apps like these?
oSeveral times per day
o At least once per day
o Once per week
o Less than once per week
Is technology helping you stay connected to:
Please check all that apply.
▢ Family
▢ Friends
▢ Health care providers
▢ Other: (please specify)
__________________________________________________
▢ None of the above
How strongly do you feel connected to your local community?
o Very strongly
oFairly strongly
o Not very strongly
o Not at all strongly

132
Which of the following activities have you done in the last month?
▢ Had an in-person appointment with a health care provider
▢ Went out to eat
▢ Went to the park
▢ Attended a community event
▢ Went to the theater/cinema
▢ Attended a place of worship
▢ Visited a museum/gallery
▢ None of the above
End of Block: Technology and Community Integration
Start of Block: Participant Satisfaction Survey
We appreciate your feedback on today's presentation.
Overall, how satisfied were you with this presentation?
o Extremely satisfied
oSomewhat satisfied
o Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
oSomewhat dissatisfied
o Extremely dissatisfied

133
How interesting was this presentation?
o Extremely interesting
o Very interesting
o Moderately interesting
oSlightly interesting
o Not interesting at all
Overall, how satisfied were you with the presenter?
o Extremely dissatisfied
oSomewhat dissatisfied
o Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
oSomewhat satisfied
o Extremely satisfied
How clear was the material presented to you today?
o Very clear
o Clear
o Neither clear nor unclear
o Unclear
o Very unclear

134
How much do you feel you learned from this presentation?
o A great deal
o A lot
o A moderate amount
o A little
o Nothing at all
How much did you enjoy the interactive presentation platform?
o A great deal
o A lot
o A moderate amount
o A little
o Not at all
What is one thing that you will take away from this presentation?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

135
If you have any other thoughts/comments/feedback, please include them below.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
End of Block: Participant Satisfaction Survey

136
Follow-Up Participant Survey
AwE 3-/6-/9-/12-/18-/24-Month Follow-Up
Start of Block: Demographics
Please tell us a little bit about yourself.
What is your age?
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Age
What is your gender?
o Male
oFemale
o Non-binary / third gender
oPrefer not to say

137
What is your marital status?
o Married
o Widowed
o Divorced
oSeparated
o Never married
Are you retired?
o No
o Yes
Are you a caregiver for someone 65 years or older?
o Yes
o No
End of Block: Demographics
Start of Block: LSNS-6
These next 6 questions are looking at you level of social connection.
Family: Considering the people to whom you are related by birth, marriage, adoption, etc.. .

138
How many relatives do you see or hear from at least once a month?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 - 8
o9 or More
How many relative do you feel at ease with that you can talk about private matters?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 - 8
o9 or More

139
How many relatives do you feel close to such that you could call on them for help?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 - 8
o9 or More
Friendships: Considering all of your friends including those who live in your neighborhood. . .
How many of your friends do you see or hear from at least once a month?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 -8
o9 or More

140
How many friends do you feel at ease with that you can talk about private matters?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 - 8
o9 or More
How many friends do you feel close to such that you could call on them for help?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 - 8
o9 or More
End of Block: LSNS-6
Start of Block: Technology and Community Integration
These next few questions focus on your technology use and your community involvement.
In the past month, have you utilized email, searched the internet or Google, shopped online, or
accessed online images/digital pictures?
o No
o Yes

141
Have you used any social messaging sites, like WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat, in
the last month?
o Yes
o No
How often do you use the sites and apps like these?
oSeveral times per day
o At least once per day
o Once per week
o Less than once per week
Is technology helping you stay connected to:
Please check all that apply.
▢ Family
▢ Friends
▢ Health care providers
▢ Other: (please specify)
__________________________________________________
▢ None of the above

142
How strongly do you feel connected to your local community?
o Very strongly
oFairly strongly
o Not very strongly
o Not at all strongly
Which of the following activities have you done in the last month?
▢ Had an in-person appointment with a health care provider
▢ Went out to eat
▢ Went to the park
▢ Attended a community event
▢ Went to the theater/cinema
▢ Attended a place of worship
▢ Visited a museum/gallery
▢ None of the above
End of Block: Technology and Community Integration

143
Volunteer Satisfaction Survey
AwE Volunteer Satisfaction Survey
Start of Block: Demographics
Please tell us a little bit about yourself.
What is your age?
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Age
What is your gender?
o Male
oFemale
o Non-binary / third gender
oPrefer not to say
What is your marital status?
o Married
o Widowed
o Divorced
oSeparated
o Never married

144
Are you retired?
o No
o Yes
Are you a caregiver for someone 65 years or older?
o Yes
o No
End of Block: Demographics
Start of Block: Volunteer Satisfaction Survey
We appreciate your feedback on your volunteer experience.
Overall, how satisfied are you with your volunteer experience?
o Extremely satisfied
oSomewhat satisfied
o Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
oSomewhat dissatisfied
o Extremely dissatisfied

145
How interesting was this volunteer experience?
o Extremely interesting
o Very interesting
o Moderately interesting
oSlightly interesting
o Not interesting at all
How satisfied are you with the amount of time you had to present and support the participants?
o Extremely dissatisfied
oSomewhat dissatisfied
o Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
oSomewhat satisfied
o Extremely satisfied
Were you able to communicate and provide support to the participants in their preferred
language?
o No
o Yes

146
Did you experience any technical difficulties while you were presenting?
o Yes
o No
How much did you enjoy the interactive presentation platform?
o A great deal
o A lot
o A moderate amount
o A little
o Not at all
How satisfied are you with the level of communication you received about your volunteer role
leading up to the event?
o Extremely satisfied
oSomewhat satisfied
o Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
oSomewhat dissatisfied
o Extremely dissatisfied

147
How satisfied are you with the orientation format and materials you received prior to your
presentation date?
o Extremely dissatisfied
oSomewhat dissatisfied
o Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
oSomewhat satisfied
o Extremely satisfied
If you have any other thoughts/comments/feedback, please include them below.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
End of Block: Volunteer Satisfaction Survey

148
Community Partner Satisfaction Survey
AwE Community Partner Satisfaction Survey
Start of Block: Demographics
Please tell us a little bit about your organization.
What type best describes your organization?
o Community Based Organization (CBO)
oFederally Qualified Health Center (FQHC)
oFaith-Based Organization
o Government Agency
o Educational Institution
o Healthcare Provider
o Business/Corporate Entity
o Advocacy Group
oSocial Services Agency
o Other (Please specify) __________________________________________________

149
What clientele/population does your organization primarily serve?
o Aging adults
oFamilies
o Low-Income individuals/families
oIndividuals/Families experiencing homelessness
oImmigrants and refugees
oIndividuals with mental health/substance abuse disorders
o Veterans
o General population
o Other (Please specify) __________________________________________________
What is the approximate size of the population your organization serves annually?
oFewer than 100 individuals
o100 - 500 individuals
o501 - 1,000 individuals
o1,001 - 5,000 individuals
o More than 5,000 individuals
End of Block: Demographics
Start of Block: Volunteer Satisfaction Survey

150
We appreciate your feedback on your partnership experience.
Overall, how satisfied are you with your partnership experience with our organization?
o Extremely satisfied
oSomewhat satisfied
o Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
oSomewhat dissatisfied
o Extremely dissatisfied
How do you rate the effectiveness of communication between our organizations?
o Extremely effective
o Very effective
o Moderately effective
oSlightly effective
o Not effective at all
How well do you feel our organizations collaborated to achieve this project's goals?
o Not effective at all
oSlightly effective
o Moderately effective
o Very effective
o Extremely effective

151
How satisfied are you with the support provided by our organization (e.g., resources,
information, assistance)?
o Extremely satisfied
oSomewhat satisfied
o Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
oSomewhat dissatisfied
o Extremely dissatisfied
To what extent has our partnership positively impacted your organization and the community
you serve?
o To a great extent
o To a moderate extent
o To a small extent
o Not at all
How satisfied are you with the level of responsive our organization was to your needs and
concerns?
o Extremely satisfied
oSomewhat satisfied
o Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
oSomewhat dissatisfied
o Extremely dissatisfied

152
How likely are you to collaborate with our organization in the future?
o Extremely likely
oSomewhat likely
o Neither likely nor unlikely
oSomewhat unlikely
o Extremely unlikely
How likely are you to recommend partnering with our organization to others?
o Extremely unlikely
oSomewhat unlikely
o Neither likely nor unlikely
oSomewhat likely
o Extremely likely
What areas do you think our organization can improve to enhance the partnership?
________________________________________________________________
If you have any other thoughts/comments/feedback, please include them below.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

153
________________________________________________________________
End of Block: Volunteer Satisfaction Survey

154
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157
Appendix E
Solution Landscape Analysis
Design Criteria Campaign to End
Loneliness
LA County PSAs LA Social Isolation and
Loneliness Coalition
Raising awareness X X X
Collaborative nature X X X
Navigation to resources X X X
Outcome data available X

158
Appendix F
Design Criteria for Socially Isolated Aging Adults
CRITERIA WIDER OPPORTUNITY SPACE
MUST Education on social isolation in the
at-risk aging adult population in LA
County
• Approachable/engaging
• Inclusive
• Appropriate for target
audience
• Accessible
Public health education approach to all
community members
• Approachable/engaging
• Inclusive
• Appropriate for target audience
• Accessible
COULD Navigation to 211 for resources Navigation to resources that specifically
supports socially isolated aging adults
• Location-/Community-specific
SHOULD Have data
• Know if participants are
socially isolated aging adults
• Outcome/Impact of the
intervention
Is population surveillance data sufficient?
Have data
• Collect, track, and analyze all
participant baseline and outcome
data
• Use standardized/consistent surveys
to ensure consistent data collection
• Monitor impact of training over
time
WON’T Operate in a siloed fashion
• Collaboration across systems
in LA County
• Establish community
partnerships in LA County
• Work to bring LA County
resources in various
community sectors together
Operate in a siloed fashion
• Collaboration across systems
throughout the country
• Establish partnerships in other
communities across the country
• Work to bring resources in various
community sectors across the
country together

159
Appendix G
Logic Model

160
Appendix H
Ethical Considerations (Detailed)
1. Misunderstanding of Social Isolation and Loneliness
o Challenge: Misunderstandings can affect various stakeholders.
o Solution: Provide accurate education and resources, continuously obtain
stakeholder feedback, and tailor content to diverse cultural needs.
2. Technology Requirements
o Challenge: Participants may lack access to advanced devices and reliable internet,
which are essential for engaging in the program.
o Solution: Collaborate with community organizations to provide devices and
internet access through digital inclusion initiatives. Leverage partnerships to offer
technical support and device donations to ensure all participants can fully engage
with the program, regardless of their technological proficiency or resources.
3. Accessibility Issues
o Challenge: Ensuring all participants can engage fully, regardless of mobility
challenges or geographical constraints.
o Solution: Offer virtual sessions as an alternative to in-person delivery. Leverage
resources from CBOs to bridge the digital divide and ensure inclusivity.
4. Data Privacy and Consent
o Challenge: Ensuring participant privacy and obtaining informed consent.
o Solution: Adhere to strict privacy protocols, conduct pre- and post-assessments
with transparency and respect for confidentiality.
5. Continuous Improvement
o Challenge: Keeping the intervention responsive to participants’ needs.
o Solution: Continuously seek input from participants, volunteers, and community
partners. Make timely adjustments based on real-world feedback and evolving
community needs.
6. Fund Development
o Challenge: Ensuring transparency and integrity in securing funding sources.

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o Solution: Clearly communicate the sources of funding to participants and
stakeholders. Only partner with funders whose values align with the mission of
Project Social. Avoid funding sources that may lead to potential conflicts of
interest or compromise the integrity of the project.
7. Marketing and Branding
o Challenge: Ensuring accurate representation of participants and the impact of the
program in marketing materials.
o Solution: Use respectful language and imagery in all branding and fundraising
materials. Ensure that campaigns focus on the empowerment of participants rather
than their challenges, framing Project Social in a strengths-based manner.
8. Avoiding Exploitation
o Challenge: Risk of exploiting the vulnerabilities of aging adults in fundraising or
marketing campaigns.
o Solution: Use respectful language and imagery in all branding and fundraising
materials. Ensure that campaigns focus on the empowerment of participants rather
than their challenges, framing Project Social in a strengths-based manner.
9. Cultural Sensitivity
o Challenge: Potential for marketing and branding to miss cultural nuances.
o Solution: Engage diverse community stakeholders in the development of
marketing strategies to ensure they are culturally appropriate and resonate with
various demographics.

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Appendix I
Sustainability and Scaling Plan
Long-Term Funding Strategy
• Current Status: Project Social is sustained through volunteer efforts and in-kind support.
• Future Strategies:
o Pursue targeted grant opportunities aligned with aging, technology, and social
connectivity from local and national foundations.
o Build relationships with philanthropic organizations that support aging
populations and social justice causes.
o Develop tiered sponsorship packages targeting corporate partners and local
businesses interested in social impact and aging adult initiatives. Packages can
offer recognition, advertising, or involvement in events.
o Host events (in-person or virtual) such as workshops, webinars, or social
engagement activities for aging adults, where sponsors can contribute and gain
visibility.
Scalability Plan
• Expansion: Expand Project Social’s reach to aging adults in new geographic areas and
additional communities.
• Key Strategies:
o Develop and implement a train-the-trainer model to empower facilitators to scale
program delivery.
o Standardize program materials for consistent quality across locations.
o Foster partnerships with CBOs, senior centers, and health clinics nationwide for a
broader reach.
o Leverage sponsorships and partnerships for additional program funding and inkind support to enable expansion without financial burden.
Technology Integration
• Enhancements: Integrate technology to improve program delivery and engagement.
• Future Plans:
o Explore a proprietary platform to address accessibility issues that are present with
Mentimeter.
o Offer virtual options to accommodate remote participants, expanding
geographical reach, and participation flexibility.
o Evaluate new technologies to improve social connectivity and comfort with
digital tools among aging adults.
Partnership Development

163
• Importance: Collaborating with CBOs, senior centers, health clinics, and other
community stakeholders remains critical for sustainability.
• Benefits: Partnerships facilitate participant recruitment, program promotion, and provide
resources for ongoing support.
• Collaborative Efforts: By leveraging shared expertise and resources, partnerships can
help scale the program efficiently while maintaining its quality and community impact.
Impact Assessment and Continuous Improvement
• Ongoing Assessment: Evaluate the impact of the program through participant feedback
and outcome data.
• Feedback Loop: Continuously refine the program based on feedback from stakeholders to
ensure relevance and effectiveness.
• Iterative Process: Ensure that AwE and Project Social are adaptable to changing key
stakeholder needs and societal trends.
Participant Retention and Recruitment
• Outreach: Expand targeted outreach efforts through sponsorship-backed marketing
campaigns to increase program visibility and attract diverse participants.
• Accessibility: Maintain a focus on accessibility, ensuring that aging adults with different
levels of tech proficiency and socio-economic backgrounds can participate.
• Promotion: Utilize facilitators and community partners to promote the program and
engage new participants.
• Inclusive Strategies: Tailor recruitment and retention efforts based on the needs of the
target populations, focusing on cultural sensitivity and inclusivity.
Risk Management
• Comprehensive Approach: Implement a structured process to identify, analyze, and
respond to potential risks.
• Risk Identification and Analysis:
o Identify risks related to collaboration, technology, community engagement,
partnership collaboration, resource availability, and content development.
o Assess each identified risk’s likelihood and impact, categorizing risks as low,
medium, or high.
• Risk Response Planning:
o Develop mitigation strategies for identified risks.
o Designate responsible individuals or teams to manage risks.
• Contingency Planning:
o Identify high-risk items and develop actionable contingency steps.
• Risk Monitoring:
o Regularly monitor and review identified risks.
o Update risk assessments based on project progress and external changes.

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Appendix J
Fund Development Plan
To ensure the long-term sustainability and growth of Project Social, a phased approach to fund
development will be outlined post-graduation, aligning with the pilot testing phase as well as the
marketing and branding strategy. This fund development plan is designed to leverage existing
volunteer efforts and in-kind support while securing future funding through grants, corporate
sponsorships, and philanthropic donations. Initial steps will focus on sustaining current
operations with volunteer and community-based efforts, while future strategies will seek to
diversify funding streams through targeted outreach and engagement with key stakeholders. The
following plan outlines both immediate and long-term strategies to build financial stability and
expand the reach of Project Social.
Current Sustainability
• Volunteer Efforts
o Continue to leverage volunteer support as the backbone of Project Social.
Volunteers will be critical in various aspects of program delivery, marketing,
community engagement, and operations.
§ Skill-Based Volunteering: Identify volunteers with specialized skills (e.g.,
graphic design, social media, data management) and engage them in key
tasks that assist with the development and growth of Project Social.
§ Volunteer Retention: Develop a volunteer recognition program that
celebrates volunteer contributions through awards, certificates, and public
acknowledgments at events.
§ Leadership Roles: Encourage long-term volunteers to take on leadership
roles to support new volunteers and foster a sense of ownership within the
program.
• In-Kind Support
o Maintain and expand partnerships with CBOs, local businesses, and other
stakeholders for in-kind donations such as meeting spaces, technology, and
marketing materials.
• In-Kind Contributions Expansion
o Formalize agreements with existing partners and seek out new CBOs and
businesses that can provide critical services or supplies at no cost.
• Strategic Partnerships

165
o Identify organizations that align with Project Social’s mission and values and
create mutually beneficial partnerships to secure continuous in-kind support.
Additional Sustainability Consideration
• Long-Term Revenue Stream Development
o Explore the creation of revenue-generating services or products related to social
isolation or aging, such as workshops, consultations, or tech-training services,
with proceeds reinvested into Project Social - such as turning the AwE module
into a curriculum.
o Seek out partnerships with private organizations or local governments to integrate
Project Social into their employee wellness programs, caregiving support, or
social responsibility initiatives.
Future Funding Strategies
• Pursuing Grants
o Grant Research: Ongoing research of grant opportunities from foundations,
government agencies, and philanthropic organizations with a focus on aging,
social isolation, community health, and technology adoption.
o Diverse Grant Sources: Pursue small, mid-size, and large grant opportunities to
diversify funding streams. Include a balance of local, state, and national grants to
create a mix of short- and long-term funding.
o Compelling Grant Proposals: Use data from Project Social’s evaluation results
(e.g., LSNS-6, feedback surveys) to strengthen grant proposals. Tailor each
proposal to align with the funder's priorities, emphasizing Project Social's
sustainable, community-based approach.
o Grant Collaboration: Where possible, apply for joint grants with other
organizations that align with Project Social’s mission to strengthen applications
and increase funding potential.
o Grant Tracking System: Research, obtain, and utilize grant/project management
software to streamline the process of tracking deadlines, submissions, and
reporting to ensure timely responses to grant opportunities and compliance with
grant terms.
• Corporate Sponsorships
o Targeted Outreach: Develop a list of corporations that prioritize aging, social
responsibility, or technology integration, particularly those headquartered in
regions where Project Social operates. Focus on industries like healthcare,
telecommunications, and senior living services.

166
o Sponsorship Packages: Create tiered sponsorship packages (e.g., bronze, silver,
gold) with varying levels of brand visibility, from logo placement on materials
and websites to exclusive naming rights for community events.
o Customized Engagement Opportunities: Offer sponsors engagement opportunities
such as volunteering alongside their employees, speaking at community events, or
offering mentorship to volunteers.
o Long-Term Relationship Building: Keep corporate sponsors engaged by
providing regular updates on their impact, showcasing their contributions on
social media, and offering continued collaboration opportunities.
• Philanthropic Funding
o Philanthropic Research: Research philanthropic organizations and high-net-worth
individuals that have shown interest in aging services, community health, or
social equity.
o Donor Cultivation: Build personalized engagement plans for potential donors,
including direct communication, personalized event invitations, and one-on-one
meetings to discuss the alignment of their interests with Project Social’s goals.
o Donor Stewardship: Implement a stewardship plan that includes regular updates,
success stories, and testimonials to keep donors informed and invested in Project
Social’s impact.
o Major Gifts Strategy: Identify potential major donors within your community and
develop strategies to engage them for larger, multi-year commitments.
• Community Fundraising
o Local Fundraising Events: Collaborate with local businesses and organization for
community-driven fundraising events (e.g., dine-to-donate, silent auctions). These
events not only raise funds but also increase visibility for Project Social.
o Online Crowdfunding: Consider launching online fundraising campaigns on
platforms like GoFundMe or Classy, highlighting the personal stories of aging
adults benefitting from Project Social. Use targeted ads to reach younger adults
and caregivers who might be interested in supporting the cause.
o Peer-to-Peer Fundraising: Empower volunteers and community members to run
their own fundraising initiatives, leveraging their personal networks to increase
donations.
o Corporate Matching Programs: Encourage community donors to utilize employer
matching programs, further increasing the funds raised through individual
donations.
Steps to Leverage Volunteer Efforts
• Marketing and Branding

167
o Skills-Based Volunteers: Identify volunteers with skills in graphic design, social
media management, and content creation to help develop and maintain a
consistent online presence for Project Social.
o Ambassador Program: Launch a volunteer ambassador program as outlined in
Appendix L.
o Creative Marketing Materials: Volunteers can help create flyers, business cards,
stickers, and QR codes for easy distribution at community events and partner
locations.
• Community Engagement
o Program Implementation: Engage volunteers in the design and facilitation of
programming at CBOs and senior centers.
o Ongoing Volunteer Training: Provide regular training to volunteers on
community engagement best practices, program goals, and technology facilitation
to ensure quality and consistency in program delivery.
• Visuals and Storytelling
o Storytelling Team: Recruit volunteers with skills in photography, videography,
and content writing to produce high-quality visual content. This can be used for
social media campaigns, presentations, and donor outreach materials.
o Impact Testimonials: Ensure that volunteers capture stories and testimonials from
participants and partners to highlight Project Social’s impact. Use this content to
craft compelling narratives for grant proposals, fundraising campaigns, and social
media.
• Complexity Management:
o Phased Scaling: Implement a phased approach to expansion, allowing volunteers
to manage specific phases, such as outreach, event coordination, or community
partnerships, as the project grows.
Hybrid Engagement: Use volunteers for both in-person and online community engagement
activities, ensuring that Project Social’s reach continues to grow.

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Appendix K
Line-Item Budget
Revenue
Revenue Items Start-Up First Year
Donations $0 $0
Grants $0 $0
Sponsorships $0 $0
Fundraising Campaign $0 $1500 (projected)
Total $0 $1500
Operating Expenses
Expense Items Start-Up First Year
Project Team Salaries Volunteer ($0) Volunteer ($0)
In-Kind Contributions (Computer
Equipment, In-Home Office Space, etc.) $5000 (valued) $5000 (valued)
Mentimeter - Basic $0 $0
Pilot Testing Volunteer ($0) Volunteer ($0)
Marketing and Branding $1000 (valued in-kind services) $3000 (valued in-kind
services)
Quality Assurance Volunteer ($0) Volunteer ($0)
Community Engagement Volunteer ($0) Volunteer ($0)
Grant Writing Volunteer ($0) Volunteer ($0)
Sponsorship Development Volunteer ($0) Volunteer ($0)
Fundraising Campaign Volunteer ($0) $1500 (materials/events)
Miscellaneous (printing, materials, small
expenses) $500 (valued in-kind services) $500 (valued in-kind
services)
Contingency Fund $500 $1000
Total $7000 (mostly in-kind) $11,000 (mostly in-kind)

169
Summary
Category Start-Up First Year
Total Revenue $0 $1500
Total Expenses $7000 (mostly in-kind) $11,000 (mostly in-kind)
Net Income -$7000 -$9500
Breakdown of In-Kind Contributions
Category Start-Up First Year
In-Kind Contributions (Computer
Equipment, In-Home Office Space, etc.)
$5000 $5000
Marketing and Branding (valued in-kind
services)
$1000 $3000
Miscellaneous (valued in-kind services) $500 $500
Total In-Kind Contributions $6500 $8500
Notes
• In-Kind Contributions: The majority of the expenses are covered through in-kind
contributions, which include computer equipment, office space, marketing services, and
miscellaneous items.
• Volunteer Efforts: Many roles and tasks are fulfilled by volunteers, which significantly
reduces the cash expenses.

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Appendix L
Marketing and Branding Plan
With progressing towards a response to the call for eradicating social isolation from GCSW,
collaboration, cooperation, and participation with and from many stakeholders will be necessary.
This includes organizations that support the aging adult population, various healthcare systems,
local, county, state, and federal governments, as well as the individuals and their families and
friends. Engaging aging adult individuals in the community will be crucial. However, obtaining
interest and participatory buy-in from the aging adult population has previously been identified
as a challenge (Barron et al., 2009). Therefore, skillfully addressing these participants will be
essential. Collaboration with advocacy organizations like AARP Foundation will help spotlight
the importance of human connectedness and the implications of social isolation to ensure that
individuals and communities live and thrive in a healthful manner (Keller et al., 2019).
In alignment with this effort, Project Social’s marketing and branding strategy will play an
essential role in raising awareness about social isolation among aging adults and encouraging
program participation. The campaign must be mission-focused, scalable, and emotionally
engaging to secure buy-in from key stakeholders, including aging adults, their families,
healthcare systems, advocacy organizations, CBOs, local businesses, and government entities.
While the specifics of the marketing and branding strategy will be outlined post-graduation,
aligned with the pilot testing phase, the current plan allows the campaign to develop alongside
the program’s scaling strategy. The marketing and branding strategy outlined below will guide
Project Social in reaching its target audiences, creating a recognizable brand, and fostering a
sense of community around the initiative.
Marketing Campaign Objectives
Project Social will take a phased approached, starting with a single community to gain traction,
then gradually expand the campaign to other regions. The key objectives of the campaign are to:
1. Raise Awareness: Educate the community on the issue of social isolation and its impact
on aging adults.
2. Engage the Audience: Encourage aging adults to participate in the program, build trust,
and motivate the community to take action.
3. Demonstrate Impact: Showcase the benefits of the program through storytelling and
emotional connection.
4. Maintain Mission Focus: Prevent mission creep by aligning all marketing activities with
Project Social’s core mission of eradicating social isolation in aging adults.
Marketing Key Elements
• Online Presence
o Website Development: Create a dedicated website for Project Social to act as the
hub for information, program details, and participant resources.

171
o Social Media Engagement: Establish and maintain social media accounts to
engage with the target audience. Platforms such as Facebook and Instagram will
be particularly relevant to engage family caregivers and volunteers and create a
space for shared experiences.
o Blogging: Regularly post updates, personal stories, and news on the blog to keep
the audience informed and invested.
o Visibility through Partners: Ensure that Project Social is visible on partner
organizations’ websites and in their communications to extend reach and
credibility.
• Community Presence
o Local Partnerships: Collaborate with local organizations and businesses to create
a strong community presence. Information cards, flyers, QR codes, and stickers
with Project Social branding can be placed at local partner businesses’ checkout
counters, information boards, and entrance points.
o Events and Activities: Host or participate in local community events, health fairs,
and town hall meetings to raise awareness. Ambassadors will play a key role in
these efforts by representing Project Social at such gatherings.
• Ambassador Program
o Project Social’s Ambassador Program: Enlist passionate individuals from the
community—such as aging adults, caregivers, community leaders, and
influencers—to act as advocates for the project. Ambassadors will share personal
stories, promote Project Social in their networks, and recruit participants for
programs. This peer-driven approach will help engage aging adults who may
otherwise be difficult to reach, as individuals are more likely to engage with
relatable, trusted community members (Cialdini, 2008).
o Training and Resources: Ambassadors will receive proper training and materials
to effectively communicate the mission of Project Social, ensuring consistent
messaging and brand representation.
o Storytelling and Engagement: Ambassadors will share the stories of those who
have been positively impacted by Project Social to demonstrate the project's realworld effects on reducing social isolation (Capstraw, 2019; Indeed Editorial
Team, 2021).
• Fundraising Efforts
o Collaborations with Local Establishments: Partner with restaurants, coffee shops,
and takeout establishments to fundraise for Project Social. For example, Project
Social can be the spotlight organization for a month, with funds collected through
dollar-matching donations or tips.
o Ambassador-Driven Fundraising: Ambassadors can organize local fundraising
events, such as community dinners or small-scale events, where they share Project
Social’s mission and encourage donations.
• Campaign Messaging

172
o Relatable Imagery: Use images and videos that feature relatable individuals from
the target audience. This visual storytelling will help garner attention and build an
emotional connection to the issue of social isolation (Cialdini, 2008).
o Consistent Engagement: Implement a strategy of recurring contact with the target
audience through regular social media updates, newsletters, and community
check-ins. Familiarity with Project Social’s presence will help build a trusted
relationship with potential participants and their families (Cialdini, 2008).
• Emotional Engagement and Storytelling
o Personal Stories: Use the personal stories of those who have benefited from
Project Social to foster emotional connections with the audience (Capstraw,
2019). By highlighting the transformative impact of social connectivity, these
stories can demonstrate how Project Social has helped individuals in the
community. Ambassadors will play a crucial role in gathering and sharing these
stories through social media and community events.
o Impact Demonstration: Showcase the positive outcomes of Project Social through
storytelling and data-backed results, such as increased social involvement and
enhanced quality of life (Indeed Editorial Team, 2021). Highlighting these
impacts will help reinforce the value of the program for both participants and
stakeholders.
• Demonstrating Positive Impact
o Impact Metrics: Use storytelling combined with data to demonstrate Project
Social’s success in fostering age-friendly communities and improving
participants’ social networks (PositiveImpact, 2020). Quantifiable improvements
in social engagement, technology adoption, and mental health will help solidify
the program’s credibility and encourage ongoing support.
Branding Development
Project Social is more than an initiative to reduce social isolation among aging adults—the
program strives to foster connection, community, and empowerment. As a brand, Project Social
aims to be recognized as a leader in combating social isolation by leveraging innovative
solutions, like the Aging with Engagement (AwE) module, and building strong partnerships with
community organizations.
The branding efforts for Project Social will focus on creating a compelling identity that resonates
with aging adults, caregivers, community-based organizations (CBOs), and other stakeholders,
making it a trusted and recognized name in social isolation interventions.
Objectives in Brand Building
• Establish Project Social as a Thought Leader
o Position Project Social as an authority in addressing social isolation.

173
o This will differentiate it from other initiatives and highlight its innovative
solutions, like AwE.
o Ongoing participation in LAACHA and with their efforts to address social
isolation is an initial step towards this positioning.
• Strengthen Community Trust
o Build a reputation for Project Social as a reliable and committed partner, deeply
invested in the well-being of aging adults.
o This trust will be built through transparent communication, measurable outcomes,
and the ongoing support provided to participants and partners alike.
• Expand Awareness and Reach
o Create brand awareness not just within aging adult communities but also among
caregivers, policymakers, and other community stakeholders.
o The Project Social brand will embody empathy, inclusion, and collaboration,
driving wider adoption of its solutions.
• Support Sustainable Growth
o Ensure that Project Social’s brand identity is adaptable and scalable, allowing for
long-term sustainability and the potential to expand its reach into new
communities and regions.
Expected Branding Outcomes
• Brand Recognition
o Through marketing efforts, community partnerships, and outreach campaigns,
Project Social will become a recognized name synonymous with impactful,
innovative, and community-driven solutions to social isolation.
o The logo, messaging, and visuals, which will be developed as the marketing and
branding plan is implemented, will create a cohesive brand that participants and
partners easily recognize and trust.
• Positive Reputation
o By consistently delivering on its objectives—reducing social isolation, fostering
healthier communities, and alleviating burdens on healthcare systems—Project
Social will build a strong reputation for success.
o Testimonials from aging adults and CBOs will reinforce the brand’s effectiveness
and reliability.

174
• Increased Community Engagement
o The brand will foster emotional engagement through personal stories, visuals, and
messaging that highlight the real-life impact of Project Social’s work.
o This engagement will encourage broader participation from aging adults, their
families, and community partners.
• Sustained Partnerships
o The Project Social brand will be associated with collaborative, long-term
relationships.
o Partners will view it as a trusted ally in the fight against social isolation,
increasing the number of formal partnerships and expanding its network of
support.
Values in Brand Identity
The brand identity of Project Social is deeply rooted in the values that guide its mission. These
values will serve as the foundation of all branding efforts and ensure that the Project Social brand
is cohesive, authentic, and impactful.
• Community-Centered Approach
o The Project Social brand will reflect a commitment to working within
communities, alongside aging adults and CBOs.
o This collaborative approach will be the cornerstone of the brand’s messaging,
emphasizing that the program is driven by community needs and feedback.
• Innovation and Responsiveness
o Project Social stands out for its innovative approach to addressing social isolation,
particularly through the development of programs like AwE.
o The brand will highlight this forward-thinking attitude, showing that Project
Social is not only responsive to the needs of aging adults but also at the forefront
of creating solutions.
• Inclusivity and Accessibility
o As a brand, Project Social will champion inclusivity, ensuring that all aging
adults—regardless of background, race, or socioeconomic status—can benefit
from its interventions.
o The messaging will emphasize that Project Social is for everyone, creating a
welcoming and equitable space.
• Long-Term Commitment

175
o The brand will convey Project Social’s dedication to sustainable, long-term
engagement.
o Rather than short-term fixes, Project Social’s brand identity will reflect a deep,
ongoing commitment to reducing social isolation and improving quality of life for
aging adults.
• Transparency and Open Communication
o Project Social will be known for its clear, open communication with all
stakeholders.
o Whether through regular updates, feedback loops, or shared successes, the brand
will prioritize transparency to foster trust and inclusivity.
Branding in Partnership Strategy
Branding will play a critical role in how Project Social engages with and retains community
partners. A strong, recognizable brand will communicate to potential partners that Project Social
is a reliable, impactful, and mutually beneficial initiative.
• Identify and Approach Partners
o When seeking out new partners, the Project Social brand will be used to convey
the program’s credibility and commitment to creating social change.
o Branding materials, including brochures, presentations, and social media, will
highlight Project Social’s successful collaborations and results.
• Build Strong Relationships
o Branding will be key in fostering long-term relationships with CBOs.
o The Project Social brand will highlight the shared goals and values between
partners, showing that collaboration is at the heart of the program’s success.
• Demonstrate Program Impact
o Branding will be leveraged to showcase Project Social’s effectiveness through
real stories, data, and visual testimonials.
o This approach will build confidence in the program’s outcomes and encourage
more organizations to partner with the initiative.
• Sustain and Scale Partnerships
o The consistent, values-driven Project Social brand will help sustain long-term
partnerships by demonstrating ongoing success, adaptability, and responsiveness.
o As the brand grows, it will enable Project Social to scale its efforts and expand
into new communities, solidifying its position as a trusted partner.

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Marketing Campaign and Visual Identity
The marketing campaign for Project Social will focus on creating emotional connections through
powerful storytelling and visuals. The campaign will highlight the real-life impact of Project
Social on aging adults and their communities, showcasing the transformative power of
addressing social isolation.
Key elements of the marketing campaign include:
• Heartfelt Imagery
o Use images and videos of aging adults engaging in community activities, using
technology to connect with loved ones, and benefiting from the AwE module.
This will create a positive, uplifting image of what Project Social offers.
• Personal Stories
o Share the stories of aging adults whose lives have been improved by Project
Social, as well as testimonials from community partners and volunteers.
o These stories will evoke emotional responses and build trust in the brand.
• Multiplatform Approach
o Use a variety of platforms—including social media and community events—to
increase awareness of Project Social.
o The campaign will target not only aging adults but also their families, caregivers,
and local organizations.
Brand Legacy
Ultimately, the brand-building strategy for Project Social aims to leave a lasting legacy. By
developing a recognizable and trusted brand, Project Social will not only combat social isolation
but also position itself as a cornerstone of support for aging adults and communities. The
combination of strong partnerships, emotional engagement, and measurable success will ensure
that Project Social becomes synonymous with community-driven, impactful solutions.

177
Appendix M
Assessments and Satisfaction Surveys
Baseline Participant Survey
AwE Baseline Survey
Start of Block: Demographics
Please tell us a little bit about yourself.
What is your age?
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Age
What is your gender?
o Male
oFemale
o Non-binary / third gender
oPrefer not to say

178
What is your marital status?
o Married
o Widowed
o Divorced
oSeparated
o Never married
Are you retired?
o No
o Yes
Are you a caregiver for someone 65 years or older?
o Yes
o No
End of Block: Demographics
Start of Block: LSNS-6
These next 6 questions are looking at you level of social connection.
Family: Considering the people to whom you are related by birth, marriage, adoption, etc. . .

179
How many relatives do you see or hear from at least once a month?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 - 8
o9 or More
How many relative do you feel at ease with that you can talk about private matters?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 - 8
o9 or More

180
How many relatives do you feel close to such that you could call on them for help?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 - 8
o9 or More
Friendships: Considering all of your friends including those who live in your neighborhood. . .
How many of your friends do you see or hear from at least once a month?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 -8
o9 or More

181
How many friends do you feel at ease with that you can talk about private matters?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 - 8
o9 or More
How many friends do you feel close to such that you could call on them for help?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 - 8
o9 or More
End of Block: LSNS-6
Start of Block: Technology and Community Integration
These next few questions focus on your technology use and your community involvement.
In the past month, have you utilized email, searched the internet or Google, shopped online, or
accessed online images/digital pictures?
o No
o Yes

182
Have you used any social messaging sites, like WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat, in
the last month?
o Yes
o No
How often do you use the sites and apps like these?
oSeveral times per day
o At least once per day
o Once per week
o Less than once per week
Is technology helping you stay connected to:
Please check all that apply.
▢ Family
▢ Friends
▢ Health care providers
▢ Other: (please specify)
__________________________________________________
▢ None of the above

183
How strongly do you feel connected to your local community?
o Very strongly
oFairly strongly
o Not very strongly
o Not at all strongly
Which of the following activities have you done in the last month?
▢ Had an in-person appointment with a health care provider
▢ Went out to eat
▢ Went to the park
▢ Attended a community event
▢ Went to the theater/cinema
▢ Attended a place of worship
▢ Visited a museum/gallery
▢ None of the above
End of Block: Technology and Community Integration
Start of Block: Participant Satisfaction Survey

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We appreciate your feedback on today's presentation.
Overall, how satisfied were you with this presentation?
o Extremely satisfied
oSomewhat satisfied
o Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
oSomewhat dissatisfied
o Extremely dissatisfied
How interesting was this presentation?
o Extremely interesting
o Very interesting
o Moderately interesting
oSlightly interesting
o Not interesting at all
Overall, how satisfied were you with the presenter?
o Extremely dissatisfied
oSomewhat dissatisfied
o Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
oSomewhat satisfied
o Extremely satisfied

185
How clear was the material presented to you today?
o Very clear
o Clear
o Neither clear nor unclear
o Unclear
o Very unclear
How much do you feel you learned from this presentation?
o A great deal
o A lot
o A moderate amount
o A little
o Nothing at all
How much did you enjoy the interactive presentation platform?
o A great deal
o A lot
o A moderate amount
o A little
o Not at all

186
What is one thing that you will take away from this presentation?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
If you have any other thoughts/comments/feedback, please include them below.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
End of Block: Participant Satisfaction Survey

187
Follow-Up Participant Survey
AwE 3-/6-/9-/12-/18-/24-Month Follow-Up
Start of Block: Demographics
Please tell us a little bit about yourself.
What is your age?
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Age
What is your gender?
o Male
oFemale
o Non-binary / third gender
oPrefer not to say

188
What is your marital status?
o Married
o Widowed
o Divorced
oSeparated
o Never married
Are you retired?
o No
o Yes
Are you a caregiver for someone 65 years or older?
o Yes
o No
End of Block: Demographics
Start of Block: LSNS-6
These next 6 questions are looking at you level of social connection.
Family: Considering the people to whom you are related by birth, marriage, adoption, etc.. .

189
How many relatives do you see or hear from at least once a month?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 - 8
o9 or More
How many relative do you feel at ease with that you can talk about private matters?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 - 8
o9 or More

190
How many relatives do you feel close to such that you could call on them for help?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 - 8
o9 or More
Friendships: Considering all of your friends including those who live in your neighborhood. . .
How many of your friends do you see or hear from at least once a month?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 -8
o9 or More

191
How many friends do you feel at ease with that you can talk about private matters?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 - 8
o9 or More
How many friends do you feel close to such that you could call on them for help?
o None
o1
o2
o3 - 4
o5 - 8
o9 or More
End of Block: LSNS-6
Start of Block: Technology and Community Integration
These next few questions focus on your technology use and your community involvement.
In the past month, have you utilized email, searched the internet or Google, shopped online, or
accessed online images/digital pictures?
o No
o Yes

192
Have you used any social messaging sites, like WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat, in
the last month?
o Yes
o No
How often do you use the sites and apps like these?
oSeveral times per day
o At least once per day
o Once per week
o Less than once per week
Is technology helping you stay connected to:
Please check all that apply.
▢ Family
▢ Friends
▢ Health care providers
▢ Other: (please specify)
__________________________________________________
▢ None of the above

193
How strongly do you feel connected to your local community?
o Very strongly
oFairly strongly
o Not very strongly
o Not at all strongly
Which of the following activities have you done in the last month?
▢ Had an in-person appointment with a health care provider
▢ Went out to eat
▢ Went to the park
▢ Attended a community event
▢ Went to the theater/cinema
▢ Attended a place of worship
▢ Visited a museum/gallery
▢ None of the above
End of Block: Technology and Community Integration

194
Volunteer Satisfaction Survey
AwE Volunteer Satisfaction Survey
Start of Block: Demographics
Please tell us a little bit about yourself.
What is your age?
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Age
What is your gender?
o Male
oFemale
o Non-binary / third gender
oPrefer not to say
What is your marital status?
o Married
o Widowed
o Divorced
oSeparated
o Never married

195
Are you retired?
o No
o Yes
Are you a caregiver for someone 65 years or older?
o Yes
o No
End of Block: Demographics
Start of Block: Volunteer Satisfaction Survey
We appreciate your feedback on your volunteer experience.
Overall, how satisfied are you with your volunteer experience?
o Extremely satisfied
oSomewhat satisfied
o Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
oSomewhat dissatisfied
o Extremely dissatisfied

196
How interesting was this volunteer experience?
o Extremely interesting
o Very interesting
o Moderately interesting
oSlightly interesting
o Not interesting at all
How satisfied are you with the amount of time you had to present and support the participants?
o Extremely dissatisfied
oSomewhat dissatisfied
o Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
oSomewhat satisfied
o Extremely satisfied
Were you able to communicate and provide support to the participants in their preferred
language?
o No
o Yes

197
Did you experience any technical difficulties while you were presenting?
o Yes
o No
How much did you enjoy the interactive presentation platform?
o A great deal
o A lot
o A moderate amount
o A little
o Not at all
How satisfied are you with the level of communication you received about your volunteer role
leading up to the event?
o Extremely satisfied
oSomewhat satisfied
o Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
oSomewhat dissatisfied
o Extremely dissatisfied

198
How satisfied are you with the orientation format and materials you received prior to your
presentation date?
o Extremely dissatisfied
oSomewhat dissatisfied
o Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
oSomewhat satisfied
o Extremely satisfied
If you have any other thoughts/comments/feedback, please include them below.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
End of Block: Volunteer Satisfaction Survey

199
Community Partner Satisfaction Survey
AwE Community Partner Satisfaction Survey
Start of Block: Demographics
Please tell us a little bit about your organization.
What type best describes your organization?
o Community Based Organization (CBO)
oFederally Qualified Health Center (FQHC)
oFaith-Based Organization
o Government Agency
o Educational Institution
o Healthcare Provider
o Business/Corporate Entity
o Advocacy Group
oSocial Services Agency
o Other (Please specify) __________________________________________________

200
What clientele/population does your organization primarily serve?
o Aging adults
oFamilies
o Low-Income individuals/families
oIndividuals/Families experiencing homelessness
oImmigrants and refugees
oIndividuals with mental health/substance abuse disorders
o Veterans
o General population
o Other (Please specify) __________________________________________________
What is the approximate size of the population your organization serves annually?
oFewer than 100 individuals
o100 - 500 individuals
o501 - 1,000 individuals
o1,001 - 5,000 individuals
o More than 5,000 individuals
End of Block: Demographics
Start of Block: Volunteer Satisfaction Survey

201
We appreciate your feedback on your partnership experience.
Overall, how satisfied are you with your partnership experience with our organization?
o Extremely satisfied
oSomewhat satisfied
o Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
oSomewhat dissatisfied
o Extremely dissatisfied
How do you rate the effectiveness of communication between our organizations?
o Extremely effective
o Very effective
o Moderately effective
oSlightly effective
o Not effective at all
How well do you feel our organizations collaborated to achieve this project's goals?
o Not effective at all
oSlightly effective
o Moderately effective
o Very effective
o Extremely effective

202
How satisfied are you with the support provided by our organization (e.g., resources,
information, assistance)?
o Extremely satisfied
oSomewhat satisfied
o Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
oSomewhat dissatisfied
o Extremely dissatisfied
To what extent has our partnership positively impacted your organization and the community
you serve?
o To a great extent
o To a moderate extent
o To a small extent
o Not at all
How satisfied are you with the level of responsive our organization was to your needs and
concerns?
o Extremely satisfied
oSomewhat satisfied
o Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
oSomewhat dissatisfied
o Extremely dissatisfied

203
How likely are you to collaborate with our organization in the future?
o Extremely likely
oSomewhat likely
o Neither likely nor unlikely
oSomewhat unlikely
o Extremely unlikely
How likely are you to recommend partnering with our organization to others?
o Extremely unlikely
oSomewhat unlikely
o Neither likely nor unlikely
oSomewhat likely
o Extremely likely
What areas do you think our organization can improve to enhance the partnership?
________________________________________________________________
If you have any other thoughts/comments/feedback, please include them below.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

204
________________________________________________________________
End of Block: Volunteer Satisfaction Survey

205
Appendix N
Action Plan
Project Goal:
This capstone project aims to address social isolation among aging adults in Los Angeles County
through a public health approach, focusing on developing and implementing an interactive
education module to increase community awareness and understanding of social isolation,
ultimately fostering healthier and more connected communities.
Exploration Phase • Project Initiation (January - March 2024)
Define project goals, objectives, and outcomes.
Establish collaboration with LA DPH and LA County Department of Aging and
Disabilities.
Preparation Phase • Project Planning (March 2024 - Ongoing)
Set up capstone project team and define roles.
o Attend LAACHA Innovations committee and Technology and Digital Inclusion
subcommittee monthly meetings.
o Establish relationships with CBOs and senior centers through the Digital
Inclusion subcommittee meetings and connections facilitated by LA DPH and LA
County Department of Aging and Disabilities.
• Project Development (April – October 2024)
o Foster relationships with CBOs and senior centers with ongoing meetings.
Create a low fidelity prototype.
§ Develop the educational content for the interactive education module on
social isolation in aging adults.
§ Create the pre- and post-assessments and survey.
Define the criteria for gathering feedback on usability, comprehension, and
effectiveness during prototyping and the pilot test.
§ Share draft module/low fidelity prototype with stakeholders for feedback
and revision.
§ Revise module content per stakeholder feedback.
§ Reshare draft module/prototype with stakeholders for feedback and
revision.
§ Revise module content per stakeholder feedback.
Implementation Phase • High Fidelity Prototype/Field-Ready Module (November - December 2024)
Create a high-fidelity prototype.
§ Document the finalized module, including content and facilitator guides.
Conduct a thorough quality assurance check to ensure the module functions as
intended.
§ Address any technical or content-related issues identified during the QA
process.

206
• CBO/Senior Center Partnerships (October 2024 – Ongoing)
o Establish community partnerships with CBOs and senior centers with MOUs as
indicated.
o Define roles and responsibilities with each partner.
• Project Pilot (January 2025 – March 2027)
o Conduct a small-scale pilot test with at-risk aging adults through a CBO.
§ Specific location in process of being determined.
§ Includes tabletop exercise for program manual.
§ Gather all data points – short-, intermediate-, and long-term data.
o Gather feedback on usability, comprehension, and effectiveness.
o Finalize the module based on feedback and prepare supporting materials.
• Fund Development (January 2025 – March 2027)
o Research and identify appropriate grant opportunities that align with Project
Social’s mission.
§ Write grant applications as indicated, with a focus on sustainable funding
options.
o Create and foster relationships with potential corporate sponsors and
philanthropic organization.
o Establish formal partnerships and MOUs, as indicated, with organizations
providing in-kind support and/or corporate sponsorship.
§ Develop sponsorship packages highlighting the impact and reach of
Project Social.
§ Secure formal partnerships and MOUs with organizations providing inkind support and/or corporate sponsorship.
§ Identify multi-year funding sources to ensure sustainability beyond the
pilot phase.
• Marketing and Branding (January 2025 – March 2027)
o Develop and utilize a volunteer pool that includes individuals who are skilled at
creating marketing and branding materials for Project Social.
§ Ensure materials such as brochures, flyers, and digital content are branded
cohesively and reflect Project Social’s mission.
o Launch the AwE Module with a coordinated public awareness campaign.
§ Leverage partnerships with CBOs, senior centers, and local organizations
to amplify the campaign.
§ Use emotional, community-based storytelling and testimonials in digital
and print marketing.
§ Promote Project Social across social media platforms, local news outlets,
and through community events.
• Finalize Implementation Plan (January 2025 – March 2027)
o Develop and refine the implementation plan.
o Work with CBO/senior center partner(s) to solidify implementation plan.
§ Set date, time, location of training with each CBO/senior center partner.
§ Meet with CBO/senior center partner(s) regularly to review
implementation plan status.
§ Finalize details prior to go-live date.

207
o Establish the methodology for documenting best practices, challenges faced, and
lessons learned.
§ Prepare a framework for continuous improvement and adaptation based on
participant feedback and evolving community needs.
Sustainment Phase • Dissemination (March 2025 – Ongoing)
o Conduct AwE module trainings with indicated community members.
§ Host one 30-minute training per quarter per collaboration, ensuring key
stakeholders are equipped to use the module effectively.
o Maintain documentation of experiences/best practices, challenges faced, and
lessons learned.
§ Include feedback from community members and partners, ensuring the
module evolves to meet participant needs.
o Generate a final project report.
§ Share final project report with stakeholders.
§ Ensure the final report includes branding and marketing insights.
o Explore options for the module's sustainability, such as integration into existing
programs and/or new partnerships.
§ Use insights from branding efforts to attract potential partners.
o Seek ongoing feedback and improvement to facilitate continuous adaptation based
on user needs
• Fund Development (March 2025 – Ongoing)
o Pursue long-term funding opportunities.
§ Revisit and maintain relationships with potential corporate sponsors,
philanthropic organizations, and community-based funders.
§ Develop and submit grant applications focused on sustainability, program
expansion, and scaling.
§ Continue to seek in-kind support from existing and new partners (e.g.,
technology providers, community organizations).
o Cultivate new partnerships to expand Project Social’s reach.
§ Explore integration of the module into existing programs, such as ongoing
senior technology education or wellness programs.
§ Form new partnerships with organizations that can offer sustainable
funding, particularly those focused on aging adults or social inclusion.
o Create a tiered sponsorship model.
§ Offer sponsorship opportunities that align with different levels of
engagement.
§ Regularly review and adjust sponsorship packages based on branding
success, stakeholder engagement, and impact metrics.
§ Clearly outline sponsor benefits, such as visibility through marketing
materials, participation in events, or co-branding opportunities.
• Continuous Adaptation and Improvement (March 2025 – Ongoing)
o Seek ongoing feedback from participants, facilitators, and CBOs.
o Use feedback to refine the module’s content, ensuring it remains relevant,
approachable, and effective.

208
o Implement a formal feedback loop where suggestions and improvements are
regularly incorporated into the module.
o Plan for expansion.
§ Develop strategies for scaling the project to more CBOs or new
geographic areas, ensuring readiness for growth.
§ Explore the potential for creating new versions of the module tailored to
different populations or regions.
o Sustain the branding and marketing momentum.
§ Coordinate ongoing branding efforts with regular fundraising milestones
(e.g., annual grant applications, new sponsor partnerships).
§ Continue to highlight the project’s long-term impact on social isolation in
aging adults through quarterly or semi-annual reports to funders and
stakeholders.
§ Utilize marketing campaigns to draw attention to key project
achievements and maintain visibility within the community.
Project Milestones
1. Project initiation completed (March 2024)
2. Project planning initiated (March 2024)
3. Mid-project review (July 2024)
4. Field-ready module completed (October 2024)
5. Project pilot initiated (January 2025)
Risk Management • Risk Identification and Analysis
o Identify potential project risks that can impact the project at various stages,
including risks related to collaboration, technology, community engagement,
content development, branding/marketing, and fund development.
o Analyze the probability and impact of these risks in terms of low, medium, or
high per possible consequences.
• Risk Response Planning
o Develop strategies to mitigate/minimize the impact of identified risks.
o Assign responsibility for implementing these strategies.
• Contingency Planning
o Identify contingency plans for high-risk items that may still occur despite
mitigation efforts.
o Establish clear steps for activating contingency plans if necessary.
• Risk Monitoring
o Define a regular schedule for monitoring and reviewing the identified risks.
o Update the risk assessment based on project progress and changes in the external
environment.
Communication Plan • Establish Communication Channels
o Identify preferred communication methods for each stakeholder.

209
o Set up regular project update meetings.
o Establish a process for addressing issues and concerns.
• Maintain Communication Throughout Project
o Regularly update stakeholders on project progress.
o Ensure transparency and open lines of communication among team members.

Abstract (if available)

Abstract Project Social is a community-level initiative to combat social isolation among aging adults in Los Angeles County, a critical public health concern exacerbated by COVID-19 and aligned with the Eradicate Social Isolation and Close the Health Gap Grand Challenges. Social isolation is more prevalent than many major health concerns in the United States, with older adults experiencing the highest rate among all adult populations. As the aging population grows, addressing social isolation becomes increasingly imperative. Guided by systems theory, this innovative project focuses on developing an interactive module for at-risk aging adults in LA County. By leveraging established relationships with the LA County Department of Public Health and Department of Aging and Disabilities, Project Social collaborates with community-based organizations to establish and formalize partnerships for the module’s implementation. Key steps include developing module content, creating pre- and post-assessments, and iteratively refining a high-fidelity prototype based on stakeholder feedback. This human-centered design approach ensures the intervention meets stakeholders' needs. The module integrates into existing tech class programming or can be delivered as a standalone session in community settings. Participants engage with the module and complete assessments on their devices, giving them tech training and practice opportunities while simultaneously learning about social isolation. Committed to inclusivity and accessibility, the module is designed to be approachable for all aging adults. Ultimately, Project Social aims to increase community knowledge about social isolation, enhance social connectivity in LA County, and contribute to the broader goal of building healthier, more connected communities.

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Asset Metadata

Creator Lazar, Nancy Debra (author)

Core Title Project social: a systems approach to reduce social isolation in aging adults

School Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work

Degree Doctor of Social Work

Degree Program Social Work

Degree Conferral Date 2024-12

Publication Date 11/26/2024

Defense Date 10/25/2024

Publisher Los Angeles, California (original), University of Southern California (original), University of Southern California. Libraries (digital)

Tag aging adults,community-level intervention,COVID-19 impact,grand challenges,older adults,social connectivity,social isolation,systems theory

Format theses (aat)

Language English

Contributor Electronically uploaded by the author (provenance)

Advisor Manderscheid, Ronald (committee chair)

Creator Email nancydebralazar@gmail.com,nlazar@usc.edu

Unique identifier UC11399E4G9

Identifier etd-LazarNancy-13658.pdf (filename)

Legacy Identifier etd-LazarNancy-13658

Document Type Dissertation

Format theses (aat)

Rights Lazar, Nancy Debra

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