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The influence of Chinese internet slang

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The influence of Chinese internet slang

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Content THE INFLUENCE OF CHINESE INTERNET SLANG
by
Wenyang Gao
A Thesis Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE USC ROSKI SCHOOL OF ART AND DESIGN
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
MASTER OF FINE ARTS, DESIGN
December 2024

Acknowledgments
Writing this thesis has been a journey filled with learning, growth, and support from
many people who have made this experience invaluable.
I extend my deepest gratitude to Professor Ewa Wojciak, Professor Brian O’Connell, and
Professor Thomas Mueller, members of my thesis committee. Your expertise, thoughtful
feedback, and continuous encouragement have shaped my research and design work. Each of
you has offered unique perspectives that enriched my understanding and pushed the boundaries
of my creative process.
Thank you for your patience, wisdom, and dedication. Your guidance has not only
improved the quality of my thesis but has also had a lasting impact on my academic and personal
development.
ii

Table of Contents
Acknowledgments...........................................................................................................................ii
List of Figures.................................................................................................................................iv
Abstract............................................................................................................................................v
Chapter 1: The Evolution and Influence of Chinese Internet Slang................................................1
1.1 The Digital Landscape and User Demographics of China's Internet...................... 1
1.2 Issues of Language Used on the Chinese Internet………………………………...4
Chapter 2: Dissemination of Popular Internet Terms in China……………………………………7
Chapter 3: Decoding Chinese Internet Slang: Categories and Origins .........................................11
3.1 From Global to Local: The Sinicization of Foreign Words...................................11
3.2 How the Chinese Cultural Industry Shapes Internet Slang……………………...14
3.3 Internet Slang Reflecting Social Phenomena……………………………………16
3.4 Emoticons……………………………………………………………………….19
3.5 Internet Slang Generated in Online Communication……………………………20
3.6 Internet Slang Influenced by Political Guidance………………………………..23
Chapter 4: Design Practice and Explorations................................................................................ 26
4.1 Approach of Works in Other Media……………………………………………...31
4.1.1 Oracle Bone Series in Artworks……………………………………………….33
Chapter 5: Conclusion................................................................................................................... 38
Bibliography.................................................................................................................................. 40
iii

List of Figures
Figure 1: Illustration with Chinese Internet Slang..........................................................................4
Figure 2: Illustration with Chinese Internet Slang..........................................................................4
Figure 3: The Explanation of '囧'(Jiǒng) .......................................................................................5
Figure 4: Illustration with Chinese Internet Slang..........................................................................6
Figure 5: The Explanation of '燃烧我的卡路里'(ránshāo wǒ de kǎlùlǐ)........................................8
Figure 6:The Explanation of '柠檬精'(níngméng jīng)...................................................................9
Figure 7: The Explanation of '奥利给'(ào lì gěi)..........................................................................12
Figure 8: The Explanation of '你有freestyle么'(‘Do you have a freestyle?’)...............................14
Figure 9: The Explanation of '鸡你太美'（jī nǐ tài měi)..............................................................16
Figure 10: The Screenshot of Douyin Live Streaming.................................................................21
Figure11: The Ministry of Culture and Tourism of China's Web Page.........................................24
Figure 12: The Oracle Bone Script Form of the Character '日' (sun)...........................................27
Figure 13: A Fragment of Inscribed Oracle Bone........................................................................32
Figure 14: Oracle Bone Series Artworks......................................................................................33
Figure 15: Oracle Bone Series - Artwork 1..................................................................................34
Figure 16: The Process of Artwork 1............................................................................................35
Figure 17: Oracle Bone Series - Artwork 2..................................................................................36
Figure 18: Oracle Bone Series - Artwork 3..................................................................................37
iv

Abstract
The Influence of Chinese Internet Slang
Victoria Gao
With the rapid development of the Chinese internet and the widespread use of self-media
platforms, internet slang has emerged in abundance. These terms not only express contemporary
emotions and attitudes but are also gradually shaping people’s modes of thinking and linguistic
diversity. For example, terms like "内卷" (nèi juǎn） and "躺平" (tǎng píng) have quickly become
common expressions to describe stress or competition and are widely spread through social
media. Using these terms has gained substantial resonance in a short period, reflecting the
collective mindset of many individuals.
However, with this extensive use, these terms are also gradually leading to a
homogenization of thought. Increasingly, people borrow terms like "内卷" (nèi juǎn）to discuss
stress or competition without deeper reflection on the specific situation or complexity behind it.
While these popular terms allow people to reach quick mutual understanding, they also reduce
the nuance and diversity of language, simplifying complex emotions and ideas into a few fixed
expressions.
My design research and practice explores how Chinese internet slang, through its
widespread dissemination, affects people's ways of thinking and language expression,
particularly focusing on how these terms promote resonance but also contribute to a
homogenization of thought and linguistic expression.
v

Keywords: Chinese Internet Trending New Words, Impact on Thinking, Social Network
Evolution, Self-Media Platforms, Daily Communication, Internet Abbreviations, Critical
Thinking
vi

Chapter 1: The Evolution and Influence of Chinese Internet Slang
My previous design work explored the relationship between nature and humanity using
tufting technology. My interest in the power of Chinese characters, both visually and spiritually,
led me to study the connection between calligraphy and nature. Building on these explorations,
my focus has now shifted to the digital realm, where I am investigating the influence of Chinese
internet slang. The transition from traditional forms like calligraphy to the fast-paced internet
marks a significant shift in how we perceive and engage with language today.
Many individuals in China are creating new terms on the Internet and bringing them into
popularity. This phenomenon of these new words has an impact on the thinking and speaking
styles of contemporary Chinese people. In this chapter I explore the impact of popular new
vocabulary on Chinese society and delve into user demographics, such as age and occupation, in
the era of short-video self-media.
1.1 The Digital Landscape and User Demographics of China's Internet
As of June 2023, China's internet population has grown by 11 million, surpassing
one billion people with internet access, leading to rapid growth in the mobile application
market.1 The development of China's internet culture began in 1994, initially with few internet
users, primarily researchers, students, and technology enthusiasts. In 1996, Ma Huateng founded
Tencent, which created the first instant messaging tool called QQ. QQ integrated functions that
enabled mass communication, online communities, and multimedia sharing, making it one of
China’s foundational tools for digital interaction. In 1997, Sina Corporation was established,
offering features such as news, email, and search, similar to the American Yahoo website. In
1 Thomala, Lai Lin. “Number of Internet Users in China 2023.” Statista, 29 Aug. 2023,
www.statista.com/statistics/265140/number-of-internet-users-in-china/.
1

2000, Jack Ma founded Alibaba Group in Hangzhou. Initially, it was a B2B
(business-to-business) e-commerce platform aimed at helping Chinese manufacturers trade with
international buyers. Over time, Alibaba expanded its business to include C2C
(consumer-to-consumer) and B2C (business-to-consumer) e-commerce platforms like Taobao
and Tmall, becoming one of the largest e-commerce conglomerates in China and globally.
During the mid-2000s, the internet industry in China flourished, gradually making China the
largest internet market. In 2009, China introduced 3G mobile communication services, leading to
the rapid proliferation of mobile Internet. In the early 2010s, Tencent launched WeChat, is an
internet-enabled communication app that plays a significant role in shaping digital interactions in
China. Initially launched as a messaging platform, it has grown into a hub where users can share
content, follow news, and connect with public accounts, making it a key channel for
internet-based communication. While it offers social functions like Moments, which enable
sharing among friends and sometimes wider audiences, WeChat's primary role in China is as an
internet portal that influences how people communicate, access information, and participate in
online trends—including the creation and spread of internet slang. New vocabulary created
during this time began to trend on the Internet, replacing traditional Chinese expressions. In
2010, with the launch of the WeChat app by Tencent, various social and short video apps also
flourished. Currently, the most popular social media platforms in China include TikTok, WeChat,
Weibo, Kuaishou, QQ, Bilibili, Zhihu, Douban, Red, Qzone, and many other apps are also
popular among Chinese users.2 Young people and teenagers aged 10 to 30 are the primary
demographic of China's internet users. They use the Internet for socializing, entertainment,
learning, and work-related activities. Middle-aged individuals aged 30 to 50 are also active on
2 Author, ByCommunity, et al. “The Top 5 Chinese Social Media Networks.” Social Media & Influencer Marketing
Speaker, Consultant & Author, 24 Aug. 2023, nealschaffer.com/top-5-chinese-social-media/.
2

the Internet, often using it for information retrieval, shopping, and financial transactions. Chinese
entrepreneurs and freelancers frequently use the Internet to promote businesses, manage work,
and interact with clients. People aged 50 and above, the middle-aged and elderly population in
China, are gradually adopting the Internet, primarily for social media, online entertainment,
learning, and health management. Rural residents and those from second and third-tier cities are
also increasingly joining the Internet, leading to the growth of rural e-commerce.3
As people of different age groups join the Chinese Internet, various online communities
have formed, giving rise to numerous new words within different social circles, and these terms
quickly spread. In 2023, a notable trend, online and offline, was using these newly created
words.
For example, the acronym 'yyds' and the phrase ‘破防了’（Pò Fáng Le). ‘yyds’ is an
acronym for ‘永远的神’ (Yong Yuan De Shen), used in typing or verbal communication, is
employed to describe an individual or an event as exceptionally outstanding. On the other hand,
‘破防了’ is used to express an emotional breakdown or loss of control when encountering certain
images or comments on social media platforms. According to the "Report on the Living
Conditions of the Chinese Language," new words or phrases are defined as terms or expressions
that emerge during a specific period.4 They also refer to words that acquire new meanings or
usages. The report highlights the diverse forms of internet slang, encompassing abbreviations,
homophones, symbols, numerals, words, and phrases, among others. In subsequent chapters,
classification and exploration of popular internet vocabulary in China are conducted, providing
insight into the evolving linguistic landscape driven by the digital realm.
4 Administrator. “2011 China Language Life Situation Report.” Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of
China, www.moe.gov.cn/s78/A19/A19_ztzl/baogao/201205/t20120531_136781.html. Accessed 12 Oct. 2023.
3 “Statistics: China Internet Users 2022.” China Internet Watch, 25 Apr. 2022,
www.chinainternetwatch.com/statistics/china-internet-users/.
3

Figure 1: ‘破防了’（Pò Fáng Le）is used to express an emotional breakdown or loss of control when
encountering certain images or comments on social media platforms,
https://www.52biao.com/biaoqing/2668.html.
Figure 2: ‘yyds’ is an acronym for "永远的神" (Yong Yuan De Shen), used in typing or verbal
communication, is employed to describe an individual or an event as exceptionally outstanding,
http://www.xhby.net/index/202109/t20210902_7218439.shtml.
1.2 Issues of Language Used on the Chinese Internet
Beginning in 2008, the emergence of internet slang transitioned from playful and
individualized expressions by netizens to a focus on pressing societal topics. Between 2007 and
2008, online terminology seemed more like a linguistic game, devised by internet users to
4

challenge conventional linguistic norms and to offer fresh, lively, and personalized modes of
expression.5 For instance, the character ‘囧’(Jiǒng) became immensely popular in online culture,
and even by 2023, many people still use it. This character originates from ancient Chinese oracle
bone scripts, traditionally meaning "brightness," and was once considered an auspicious symbol
during the Pre-Qin and Warring States periods. Yet, in internet culture, ‘囧’(Jiǒng) has taken on a
new connotation, representing awkward or embarrassing situations. Its design resembles a face
with drooping eyebrows and a startled, open mouth. The character has further been creatively
adapted into various emoticons that have widely circulated online.
Figure 3: ‘囧’(Jiǒng) is often used to express embarrassment, annoyance, or being in an awkward or
unsatisfactory situation, https://www.zdic.net/hans/囧.
Since 2008, there has been a noticeable transformation in trending internet terms.
Utilizing the internet's attributes of openness, interactivity, and immediacy, netizens often
propagate phrases directly derived from the statements made by individuals involved in notable
news events. A prime example of this is the phrase ‘我爸是李刚’ (Wǒ Bà Shì Lǐ Gāng). This
phrase gained widespread attention due to an incident on the evening of October 16, 2010, when
5
[1] Guan Xue. Evolution of Internet Popular Words: New Words — Hot Words — Word Media [J]. News World,
2011(9):129-130
5

Li Qiming ran over two freshmen at Hebei University with his car, resulting in one death. When
confronted, Li Qiming pronounced the words "My dad is Li Gang", attempting to use his father's
position to avoid legal repercussions. At the time, his father was the Deputy Chief of the Public
Security Bureau in Baoding's Northern District.6 This incident stands as a landmark event in the
annals of Chinese online public discourse. Many netizens then transformed "My Dad is Li Gang"
into a plethora of creative content like illustrations, comics, videos, humorous images, and
parody clips. Even today, references to ‘我爸是李刚’ (Wǒ Bà Shì Lǐ Gāng) are invoked to
discuss or satirize societal issues and the problems of privilege. The collective indignation and
ensuing discussions accelerated the rapid online proliferation of this term, showcasing the potent
influence of internet discourse in the genesis and spread of a new lexicon. The birthplace of such
terms is rooted in societal realities, communal experiences, and collective emotions, which
remain the driving forces behind the popularity of internet slang.
Figure 4: ‘我爸是李刚’ (Wǒ Bà Shì Lǐ Gāng) literally translates to ‘My dad is Li Gang.’ It became an
infamous internet catchphrase in China, symbolizing nepotism, privilege, and the abuse of power,
http://news.uuu9.com/zt/ss14/?000.
6 “10·16 Traffic Incident at Hebei University’’.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Sept. 2023,
zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E2%80%9C10%C2%B716
%E2%80%9D%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E8%82%87%E4%BA%8B%E6%A1%88.
6

Chapter 2: Dissemination of Popular Internet Terms in China
Internet slang, when first coined, often circulates within a specific subculture. However,
due to the powerful dissemination capabilities of online platforms, these unique terms gradually
permeate the general public, becoming commonplace in daily conversations. The formation and
spread of popular internet terms are closely tied to their societal contexts and are summarized in
the following five scenarios7
:
First, attention and coverage from mainstream media is the most direct catalyst. When a
term is repeatedly mentioned and emphasized by news or government media and other
mainstream channels, the events or concepts it represents often quickly become known to the
public.
Second, the push from the cultural industry is undeniable. Classic lines or phrases from
movies, variety shows, or music, owing to the widespread influence of the underlying cultural
works, are frequently quoted and imitated, thus becoming trendy. For instance, the term ‘燃烧我
的卡路里’ (ránshāo wǒ de kǎlùlǐ) originates from the theme song of the famous 2018 Chinese
girl group selection show "Produce 101". It refers to the energy expended during exercise or
effort. However, as it gained popularity, it was more broadly interpreted as a fully committed and
unrestrained attitude, not limited to fitness or pursuing goals.8
8 “卡路里 (歌曲).” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Jan. 2023,
zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%B7%AF%E9%87%8C_%28%E6%AD%8C%E6%9B%B2%29.
7 北大青年研究 -- 杂志首页 - Zone.Pku.Edu.Cn, zone.pku.edu.cn/qnyj/qkyl/2021nd1q/1343346.htm. Accessed 24
Oct. 2023.
7

Figure 5: ‘燃烧我的卡路里’ (ránshāo wǒ de kǎlùlǐ) is popularly recognized as the title of a song by the
Chinese group Rocket Girls 101 (火箭少女101), http://www.kuwanapp.com/blog/kaluli/.
The third factor is the influence of societal hotspots. Internet slang derived from these
hotspots are keywords used by netizens to refer to, summarize, and comment on prominent
societal events, and they gain traction due to the widespread attention these events receive. An
example of this, which I discussed in Chapter 1.2, is the "My Dad is Li Gang" incident.
The fourth is the breakthrough of subcultural boundaries. Phrases initially popular only
within a subculture become recognized, accepted, and widely disseminated among the general
public because of the pervasive nature of the Internet. For instance, the popular internet term ‘柠
檬精’ (níngméng jīng) stems from the Chinese eSports community, symbolizing jealousy when
one side of a gaming duel loses and displays evident envy. In online parlance, "lemon" implies
jealousy, derived from the Japanese word "レモン" (Lemon), which means feeling unbalanced,
envious, or jealous when witnessing others possess something one doesn't have. Upon seeing
affectionate pictures or displays of couples, if one feels envious or jealous, they remark, "The
lemon is so sour." Subsequently, the term ‘柠檬精’ (níngméng jīng) evolved from this context.
Adding the suffix ‘spirit’ (精) to a word emphasizes a particularly prominent trait or an extreme
state. Therefore, "lemon spirit" denotes someone who is frequently jealous or particularly
8

envious of certain things or people. This expression often carries a humorous or teasing
undertone.9
Figure 6: ‘柠檬精’ (níngméng jīng) is popularly recognized as the title of a song by the Chinese group
Rocket Girls 101 (火箭少女101), https://www.tusij.com/picture/916689.html.
The fifth mode of dissemination is spurred by online interaction. Popular terms that
emerge from online communication are often innovated by netizens during their regular online
interactions, based on actual communication needs. For instance, the term "段子手" refers to
those who frequently post or share witty, humorous, and interesting short content or jokes on the
Internet, especially on social media platforms. They often possess outstanding writing skills and
a keen sense of current events, allowing them to swiftly produce content related to trending
topics in a humorous manner, offering readers both amusement and deep reflection. As time has
progressed, "段子手" has evolved from merely denoting content creators to symbolizing an
9 “一课译词：柠檬精.” Chinadaily.Com.Cn,
language.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202302/10/WS63e6594ba31057c47ebae2d7.html. Accessed 13 Nov. 2023.
9

internet cultural phenomenon.10 They wield extensive influence on major social media platforms
and have gradually become a pivotal force in shaping the public's perspective on specific events.
The five methods provide an overview by which internet slang terms are generated and
disseminated. These online terms are typically concise and intuitive, with many cleverly
employing puns and humorous interpretations to give original words new meanings. Their
novelty and straightforwardness have garnered affection and enthusiastic adoption by numerous
netizens. In the sections that follow, categorization of these popular terms briefly explores their
origins and types.
10 “段子手_百度百科.” 百度百科, baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%AE%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%89%8B/9190078.
Accessed 13 Nov. 2023.
10

Chapter 3: Decoding Chinese Internet Slang:
Categories and Origins
This chapter provides a clear and comprehensive understanding of slang on the Chinese
Internet through a comprehensive classification of its use. These terms are categorized into
several major groups through extensive research and analysis of numerous internet buzzwords.
Understanding these categories imparts deeper insights into the role and impact of internet
language in cultural and social communication.
First are the non-Chinese loanwords, which include words originating from foreign
countries and widely used on the Chinese Internet. Another group is related to the Chinese
cultural industry like the buzzwords often generated by variety shows, which reflect current
cultural trends and societal phenomena. Also, there are terms associated with social hotspots,
usually related to social events or trending topics, reflecting society's focus and the public's
emotions. Emoticons composed of punctuation and letters form another category, used in online
communication to express emotions and attitudes. Then there's the jargon specific to online
communication, especially language and terms popular on platforms like live streaming in
China. Lastly, terms influenced by political and cultural contexts often appear in official or
mainstream media.
3.1 From Global to Local: The Sinicization of Foreign Words
Many of the popular internet terms in China originate from abroad, and there are various
reasons. With the development of globalization, cultural exchanges have become increasingly
frequent. Foreign popular culture, especially Western movies, music, and internet content, have a
significant influence on the younger generation in China. The rapid development of social media
11

and the Internet is also a key factor in the accelerated dissemination of information. Popular
phrases, memes, and cultural phenomena from different countries can instantly spread across the
globe.
For example, "奥利给" (ào lì gěi) is a popular phrase on the Chinese Internet that first
appeared in a positive saying during a livestream by a Kuaishou host. This word originates from
the Italian phrase for encouragement and cheering, "Alla vigilia," and has since been widely
circulated and popularized on the Chinese Internet. It is often used to express motivation and
support for someone or something, especially in contexts like sports competitions, fitness
activities, hard work, or facing challenges. The term carries connotations of positivity and drive,
inspiring people to be proactive and give their all. In Chinese pronunciation, "奥利给" is similar
to its Italian original, thus becoming synonymous with encouragement and effort.11
Figure 7: "奥利给" (ào lì gěi) is a phrase that became popular for its energetic connotations,
https://m.bizhizj.com/bqtp/64938.html.
11 “奥利给_百度百科.” 百度百科, baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A5%A5%E5%88%A9%E7%BB%99/23558747.
Accessed 13 Nov. 2023.
12

For instance, the hot term "打call" on the Chinese Internet is derived from Japanese idol culture.
In Japan, fans support their idols during performances by collectively shouting slogans or waving
glow sticks, an act known as "コールをかける" (calling out), abbreviated as "コール" (call). This
term was introduced into China with the popularity of idol culture and phonetically translated as
"打call." In China, "打call" refers to the act of fans expressing their support and affection for
their favorite person or thing, both online and offline. Some examples are posting on social
media, shouting supportive slogans at events, and waving fan merchandise, similar to the
Japanese original but with potentially different forms. The term is now widely used in various
contexts, not limited to idol support, but also extended to express strong support and affection for
any person or thing.12 For example, the internet buzzword "好嗨哟" originated from a Chinese
internet video in which a man excitedly used this term to describe his feelings while dancing.
The "嗨'' in this phrase is related to the English word "high." In English, "high" can refer to a
state of extreme excitement or pleasure and is sometimes used to describe the euphoria brought
on by drugs. This term quickly became popular on the Internet to describe a state of extreme
excitement and happiness in certain activities or situations, similar to "so high" or "feeling hype"
in English.13
In addition to the above three examples, many other words from foreign languages have
been adapted into new terms and become popular on the Chinese Internet, mainly due to the
rapid development of social media that allows for faster and wider dissemination of information.
Foreign terms quickly have gained popularity in China through short video platforms.
13 “‘2019年十大网络用语’发布，"好嗨哟"、"雨女无瓜"上榜！.” “2019年十大网络用语”发布，"好嗨哟"、"雨女无
瓜"上榜！ - 手机新蓝网, i.cztv.com/viewn/13362410.html. Accessed 13 Nov. 2023.
12 “盘点2017：那些刷屏中港台的网络热词.” BBC News 中文, BBC,
www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/chinese-news-42476317. Accessed 13 Nov. 2023.
13

3.2 How the Chinese Cultural Industry Shapes Internet Slang
Popular terms in the Chinese cultural industry often originate from pop music, movies,
TV series, web dramas, variety shows, and online novels.
For example, the phrase "你有freestyle吗?" (Do you have freestyle?) on the Chinese
Internet arose from the 2017 Chinese rap talent show "The Rap of China." In the show, judges
frequently asked the contestants this question during auditions to inquire if they had prepared any
freestyle rap content to showcase their rapping skills. As the show gained popularity, this phrase
quickly spread online, used by netizens in various contexts beyond music or rap. It evolved into
popular internet slang, humorously asking someone if they are ready to demonstrate a certain
skill, knowledge, or their response to impromptu situations. The popularity of this phrase reflects
the rapid acceptance and re-creation of popular phenomena in internet culture.14
Figure 8: ‘你有freestyle么’(‘Do you have a freestyle?’) is a Chinese internet slang phrase used to
playfully question someone's creativity or ability to think on their feet, popularized by a rap competition
show,
14 “2017年最火的网络流行语是这些！.” 2017年最火的网络流行语是这些！[5],
language.chinadaily.com.cn/2017-12/22/content_35327887_5.htm. Accessed 13 Nov. 2023.
14

https://images.app.goo.gl/kAwjAuZBqeRhxGwA8.
In addition, the phrase "我选择原谅他" (I choose to forgive him) originates from the
2015 popular Chinese TV drama "Ode to Joy," where the character Andi calmly utters this line
after discovering her boyfriend's infidelity. The dramatic tension and emotional depth of this
scene resonated strongly with the audience, touching on people's sensitive nerves regarding
betrayal and emotional entanglements. This phrase not only resonated in the context of love but
also, due to its humor and irony, was widely used by netizens to comment on various setbacks
and disappointments in life. Subsequently, "我选择原谅他'' quickly evolved into a popular
internet catchphrase used to describe various "forgiveness" scenarios, even extending to broader
areas such as politics, social interaction, and entertainment. Due to its adaptable and imitable
nature, people have created multiple versions for different contexts, such as "我选择原谅自己"
(I choose to forgive myself), making the phrase endlessly vibrant in internet culture with a
far-reaching impact.15
Another example is "鸡你太美" (You're too beautiful, chicken), a meme originating from
an online video of the artist Cai Xukun dribbling a basketball. The background music of the
video includes the lyric "只因你太美" (just because you're too beautiful), which netizens
thought sounded like "鸡你太美" (the Chinese words for "only" and "chicken" have similar
pronunciations), and Cai's dance-like dribbling in the video added a comedic touch.
Consequently, this phrase became popular, reflecting the trend of rapid response and creative
expression in internet culture regarding celebrity phenomena.16
16 “蔡徐坤篮球视频事件.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 6 Nov. 2023,
zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%94%A1%E5%BE%90%E5%9D%A4%E7%AF%AE%E7%90%83%E8%A7%86%E
9%A2%91%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6.
15 “歡樂頌 (電視劇).” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Oct. 2023,
zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A1%E6%A8%82%E9%A0%8C_(%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87).
15

Figure 9: “鸡你太美”（jī nǐ tài měi）is a Chinese internet slang phrase that humorously mocks someone,
https://www.dongtaituku.com/erciyuan/202201/369140.html.
The high popularity of terms created in the Chinese cultural industry is impactful because
when a work or program achieves immense success among viewers, related vocabulary, memes,
dialogues, or snippets of songs tend to be widely disseminated and imitated. Additionally, on
social media platforms, users express their fondness for these popular terms by sharing,
commenting, and creating related memes or short videos, further fueling their popularity. Fan
groups play a significant role in promoting the popular terms associated with their favorite stars
or works. They create related topics online, enhancing the visibility of these buzzwords. Due to
their unique phonetics, sense of humor, or double meanings, some terms easily transform into
internet memes and spread rapidly among netizens.
3.3 Internet Slang Reflecting Social Phenomena
Words generated due to social issues are most popular on the Internet; these terms often
reflect the current social attitudes, cultural trends, and the mindset of the youth. The social issues
represented by these slang do not exist in isolation but are interconnected, collectively forming
the complex facade of contemporary Chinese society.
16

The word "躺平" (tǎng píng), literally translating to "lying flat," is a term that became
popular on the Chinese Internet around 2021. It represents a social phenomenon where
individuals, particularly younger generations, choose to opt out of the highly competitive and
often stressful societal norms, such as aggressive career advancement, consumerism, and the
pursuit of traditional markers of success (like buying a house or car). The term's popularity stems
from fatigue with the relentless pressure of modern life and the perceived inaccessibility of
traditional life goals under current economic conditions. It became widely discussed in the
context of China's high-pressure work culture, skyrocketing housing prices, and the intense
competition for educational and professional opportunities. For many, "躺平" is a way to express
their rejection of these pressures and to advocate for a more balanced and personally fulfilling
approach to life. The concept resonated widely, especially among young adults, and sparked
discussions about societal expectations, personal well-being, and the definition of success.17
When people talk about "躺平" (lying flat), the term "内卷" (involution) also surfaces,
which is the antonym of lying flat. "内卷" (nèi juǎn), often translated as "involution," is a term
that gained popularity on the Chinese Internet to describe an intense internal competition where
individuals or groups expend excessive effort but without corresponding increases in
productivity or value. The term originally came from anthropological studies and was used to
describe a kind of socio-economic situation where agrarian societies become overly complex
without significant technological or economic advancement. In the context of contemporary
Chinese society, "内卷" has been widely adopted to describe the phenomenon where students,
employees, and even entire industries engage in increasingly fierce competition, yet this intense
competition results in diminishing returns and does not lead to substantive improvements or
17 “躺平一族：为什么一些中国年轻人不再推崇努力工作.” BBC News 中文, BBC,
www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/chinese-news-60400246. Accessed 16 Nov. 2023.
17

innovations. For example, the term is often used to talk about the educational system where
students are pushed to work harder and longer, but the outcomes do not necessarily lead to better
learning. The popularity of the term "内卷" reflects widespread concern about the sustainability
and healthiness of such competitive environments. Many young people in China feel that despite
their hard work and efforts, it is increasingly difficult to achieve upward social mobility or
improve their living standards. "内卷" captures the sense of being trapped in a cycle of relentless
competition that many feel is counterproductive or even harmful. This term has sparked broad
discussions about work-life balance, societal expectations, and the future direction of economic
and social development.18
Due to the work environment in China, many similar terms are widely spread on the
Internet. "996" is a term that originated in the Chinese tech industry, and it refers to an unofficial
work schedule of 9 am to 9 pm, six days a week, totaling 72 hours of work per week. This term
gained widespread attention both within China and globally as a symbol of the extreme work
culture prevalent in many Chinese tech companies. The term "996" became popular as
employees and the public began to discuss and criticize this demanding work schedule, which far
exceeds standard full-time work hours and often comes without overtime pay. The issue gained
further prominence when it was highlighted in discussions on online forums, social media
platforms, and even GitHub, where a project called "996. ICU" was created. The name "996.
ICU" implies that consistently following the 996 work schedule leads to health problems severe
enough to require a stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).
Another word 裸辞" (luǒ cí), in the context of Chinese internet culture, refers to the act
of resigning from a job without having another job lined up. The word "裸" means "naked" or
18 “‘内卷’与"躺平"之间挣扎的中国年轻人.” BBC News 中文, BBC,
www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/chinese-news-57304453. Accessed 16 Nov. 2023.
18

"bare," and "辞" means to resign. Therefore, "裸辞" literally translates to "resigning nakedly,"
metaphorically implying leaving a job without the security of another position. The concept
gained popularity as many young Chinese professionals prioritized personal well-being, mental
health, and life satisfaction over job security and traditional career paths. The trend reflects a
shift in attitudes among younger generations, who are more willing to take risks for better
work-life balance or seek jobs that align more closely with their values and interests.
These terms are more popular than other categories of internet slang because they directly
reflect phenomena commonly found in Chinese society. For example, "996" highlights the
overtime culture, while "躺平" (lying flat) shows the youth's contemplation of competitive
pressures. These topics reflect widespread public concern and discussion and touch upon
people's emotions, especially those of the younger generation. They provide a way to express
personal feelings and experiences, particularly in the face of work pressure and life challenges,
resonating emotionally with many.
19
3.4 Emoticons
Emoticons, also known as emoji or smiley faces, are a form of text expression created
using a combination of punctuation marks and letters to express emotions or attitudes in text
communication. This form of expression originated in Japan and later became popular globally,
especially on the Internet and in text messaging. Emoticons visually arrange characters to
simulate human facial expressions, thereby conveying emotions.
There are some very interesting emoticons where even non-Chinese speakers are able
understand their meanings. For example, QAQ - represents crying or sadness, where "Q"
19 Wang, Serenitie, and Daniel Shane. “Jack Ma Endorses China’s Controversial 12 Hours a Day, 6 Days a Week
Work Culture | CNN Business.” CNN, Cable News Network, 16 Apr. 2019,
www.cnn.com/2019/04/15/business/jack-ma-996-china/index.html.
19

symbolizes teary eyes, and "A" resembles an open mouth; T_T - also signifies crying, depicting
tears flowing from the eyes; Orz - indicates disappointment, frustration, or admiration,
resembling a kneeling person, with "o" as the head, "r" as the arms and torso, and "z" as the
knees and legs; (￣▽￣) - a smiling face, indicating happiness or satisfaction; (=^･ω･^=) -
represents a cute cat face, popular among those who like “cute” culture; 2333 - comes from the
onomatopoeia for laughter, indicating intense laughter, with the insertion of more 3s meaning
the stronger the laughter, similar to 'LOL' in English.20
These symbols are popular for their simplicity, imagery, and intuitiveness, allowing for
quick conveyance of emotions, especially among young people and online communities.
Emoticons enrich the way of expression in online communication, making electronic text
communication more vivid and interesting.
3.5 Internet Slang Generated in Online Communication
In China, with the widespread adoption of smartphones and the development of mobile
internet technology, more people are ubiquitously accessing the Internet. Live streaming and
short video applications are popular due to their immediacy and convenience. A large number of
interesting terms are being created and becoming quickly popular through these platforms.
On live streaming platforms, '双击666' (double-click 666) is a very popular term."双击"
(shuāng jī) literally means "double click." In the context of live streaming platforms and social
media, it refers to the action of double-tapping the screen, typically to 'like' a video or a live
stream. "666" (liù liù liù) is Chinese internet slang for "awesome" or "amazing." It originated
from online gaming communities and is used to compliment someone's skills or actions. The
repetition of the number 6 is an example of how repetition is often used in Chinese internet slang
20 “List of Emoticons.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 9 Nov. 2023, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_emoticons.
20

for emphasis. The popularity of "双击666" stems from its frequent use during live streams,
where streamers encourage viewers to "double click" and leave "666" in the comments as a form
of support and engagement.21
Figure 10: The screenshot of Douyin live streaming is a feature on the Chinese social media platform
Douyin (TikTok in international markets) that allows users to broadcast live videos in real time, interact
with their audience, and receive virtual gifts,
https://www.sohu.com/a/413443347_114988
Another similar word is "刷礼物" (shuā lǐwù)."刷" (shuā) in this context means to "send"
or "give," similar to swiping a card for payment."礼物" (lǐwù) means "gift." Together, "刷礼物"
means sending virtual gifts to live streamers. These gifts are usually bought with real money and
sent to streamers during their live sessions as a form of support and appreciation. The term
originated from the live-streaming culture in China, which has grown immensely popular on
21 Penny, Mobvista. “The 10 Most Popular Chinese Internet Slang of 2020.” Nativex,
www.nativex.com/en/blog/the-10-most-popular-chinese-internet-slang-of-2020/. Accessed 16 Nov. 2023.
21

platforms like Douyin (the Chinese version of TikTok), Kuaishou, Huya, Bilibili, and others.
Live streaming platforms in China have integrated systems where viewers can purchase virtual
coins or credits with real money, which can then be used to buy virtual gifts for streamers. The
practice has become a significant part of the digital economy and culture within China, reflecting
the broader trend of virtual interactions and online entertainment.22
In addition to the two popular internet terms mentioned above for expressing affection in
live streaming rooms, there are many other terms generated in the context of live commerce in
these streaming spaces. Like "上链接" (shàng liànjiē)， "上" (shàng) in this context means "to
put up" or "to provide." "链接" (liànjiē) means "link." Combined, "上链接" refers to providing a
link, usually in a live stream or a social media post. This is typically a call to action for the host
or influencer to share a link where viewers or followers can purchase products being discussed or
promoted. As live streaming became a popular channel for product promotion and sales, viewers
started requesting links to the products being showcased so they could easily find and purchase
them online. It reflects the convenience and immediacy that modern consumers expect in online
shopping, where seeing a product and being able to purchase it instantly is highly valued.23
Live streaming platforms allow users to interact with the hosts in real-time, enhancing the
interactivity of the viewing experience. Short video applications, through their comment, like,
and share functions, enhance the social nature of the content. Therefore, a large amount of
internet slang also emerges from this space.
23 “‘1、2、3，上链接！.’” “1、2、3，上链接！”-新华网, www.news.cn/2022-12/12/c_1129202137.htm. Accessed 16
Nov. 2023.
22 Penny, Mobvista. “The 10 Most Popular Chinese Internet Slang of 2020.” Nativex,
www.nativex.com/en/blog/the-10-most-popular-chinese-internet-slang-of-2020/. Accessed 16 Nov. 2023.
22

3.6 Internet Slang Influenced by Political Guidance
In China, certain internet slang is influenced by politics and is widely disseminated in
mainstream media. These buzzwords are usually related to the government's policies, positions,
or political slogans.
Mainstream media guided by politics generally record the quotations of Xi Jinping. "不忘
初心，牢记使命'' (bú wàng chū xīn, láo jì shǐ mìng)"is the most memorable quote for the
Chinese people."。”不忘初心”translates to "never forget one's original aspiration." "牢记使命''
means "always remember one's mission." Together, the phrase emphasizes the importance of
staying true to one's original goals and ideals and continuously upholding one's duties and
responsibilities. This phrase has its roots in Chinese Communist Party (CCP) rhetoric and is
frequently used in political discourse. It was popularized in recent years under the leadership of
Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the CCP. The phrase is often used to remind party members
and officials to stay committed to the party's principles and goals and to serve the people
selflessly. The phrase became popular as it is frequently used in CCP communications, policy
documents, speeches by leaders, and in state media. It has become a key slogan in political
education and campaigns within China.24
24 “不忘初心、牢记使命.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 27 Sept. 2022,
zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E4%B8%8D%E5%BF%98%E5%88%9D%E5%BF%83%E3%80%81%E7%89%A2%E
8%AE%B0%E4%BD%BF%E5%91%BD.
23

Figure 11: This is a promotional webpage by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's
Republic of China, featuring a quote from President Xi Jinping: "不忘初心，牢记使命 ”（Stay true to the
original aspiration and keep the mission firmly in mind, https://www.mct.gov.cn/preview/special/8783/.
Another internet slang represents the direction of China's development: "新时代中国特
色社会主义思想" (Xīn Shídài Zhōngguó Tè Sè Shèhuìzhǔyì Sīxiǎng. It translates to "Xi Jinping
Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era." It's a set of policies and ideas
attributed to Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC). This
thought represents the latest adaptation of Marxism to Chinese conditions and is considered a
guiding ideological principle that shapes the policies, direction, and developmental goals of
China under Xi Jinping's leadership. It encompasses a broad range of issues, including economic
development, environmental conservation, governance, national security, and China's role on the
global stage. It also emphasizes the importance of the party’s leadership in all areas of
24

governance, the need for continued economic reform and opening up, and the pursuit of what is
termed as "socialist modernization."25
These buzzwords reflect the government's policy direction and political philosophy, often
emphasizing the nation's developmental goals, core socialist values, and/or other political issues.
Mainstream media use these terms for propaganda to strengthen public identification with and
understanding of government policies. Once widely disseminated, these buzzwords have a
far-reaching impact on society, capable of sparking broad public discussion and attention more
quickly and pervasively. In some cases, certain terms may be mandatorily used in media and
public discussions to ensure the dissemination of consistent political messages.
25 Rudolf, Moritz. “Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.” Agenda Pública,
Agenda Pública, 24 Apr. 2023,
agendapublica.elpais.com/noticia/18553/xi-jinping-thought-socialism-with-chinese-characteristics-for-new-era.
25

Chapter 4: Design Practice and Explorations
In the previous chapters, I categorized popular terms from the Chinese internet into six
main groups. I have incorporated scrolls inspired by traditional Chinese calligraphy in my design
concept. These choices aim to reflect on the evolving nature of communication and its influence
on how we process and interpret language in the modern age.
In the six categories of popular Chinese internet terms that I have identified, I chose one
term from each category to explain and design. To ensure that everyone can immediately grasp
the underlying meaning, I combined emoji with traditional Chinese calligraphy.
Emojis are a very intuitive and visual form of communication that transcends the
limitations of text and is not bound by any specific language. This makes them particularly
effective for cross-cultural communication, allowing people from any country to quickly
understand their meanings.26
Chinese characters originally originated from pictographs, such as oracle bone
inscriptions, which used drawings to represent objects, actions, or ideas. During the era of the
oracle bone script, many characters directly depicted the objects or concepts they represented,
such as “日” for the sun. These symbols gradually evolved into modern Chinese characters,
becoming simplified in form but still retaining their pictographic or ideographic characteristics.
Emoji are modern-day pictorial symbols that use images to represent objects, emotions,
activities, and more. Similar to early pictographs, emojis convey information through simple
26 Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (2024, August 20). Emoji. Encyclopædia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/emoji
26

visuals, like a smiling face representing joy or a sun symbol indicating daytime.
Figure 12: This is the oracle bone script form of the character “日” (sun). From the oracle bone script to
the modern Chinese character, its transformation has not been very significant,
https://chardb.iis.sinica.edu.tw/evolution.jsp?cid=12810.
Although Chinese characters and emoji come from different historical and cultural
backgrounds, they share similarities as visual symbols in their processes of simplification and
evolution, their roles in expressing emotions and culture, and their effectiveness in cross-cultural
communication. Chinese characters developed from pictographs like oracle bone script（to be
expanded upon on page 31, while emoji are modern pictorial symbols used in digital
communication. Both represent an evolution of language in visual form to convey information.
For the choice of presentation, I used calligraphy to write popular Chinese internet terms
and designed them on a white background measuring 12 inches wide and 36 inches long. The
inspiration comes from traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy scrolls, which date back to
the Warring States period (475-221 BC) but were more widely used during the Han Dynasty (206
27

BC-220 AD). Initially, scrolls were mostly used for writing classical texts and official records,
but they gradually expanded to include calligraphy and paintings.27
Chinese painting and calligraphy emphasize the idea of "endless meaning unfolding with
the scroll." The scroll format allows viewers to gradually unfold the work, revealing its content
and artistic concept layer by layer, creating an experience of exploration and immersion.
Especially with long scrolls, viewers can slowly unroll the piece and gradually enter the scene of
the work, forming a unique aesthetic experience.
Therefore, in my design, I adopted a top-to-bottom reading order, mimicking the
unfolding of a scroll — from internet buzzwords to pinyin, to emoji, and finally to the
explanation of the term. At the same time, the stark contrast between calligraphy and emoji,
representing history and modernity, prompts reflection on the meaning of newly created
buzzwords on the Chinese internet today.
27 Delbanco, D. (1AD). Chinese handscrolls: Essay: The Metropolitan Museum of Art: Heilbrunn timeline of art
history. The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/chhs/hd_chhs.htm
28

29

30

4.1 Approach of Works in Various Media
I created a series of works using clay, carving Chinese internet slang onto imitation oracle
bones to create a dialogue that transcends time. Oracle bone script is one of the earliest forms of
Chinese writing, representing ancient humans' understanding and recording of the world. In
contrast, internet buzzwords are products of contemporary society, born in an era of rapid change
and information overload. The combination of the two reflects the collision of history and
modernity, and represents different eras of linguistic expression.
The origin of oracle bone script can be traced back to the late Shang dynasty of China
(around 1300 BCE to 1046 BCE).28 These characters were first discovered at the Yin Ruins in
Anyang, Henan Province, and were primarily used by Shang rulers for divination and sacrificial
rituals. Diviners would burn turtle shells or animal bones to create cracks, then interpret the
shapes of these cracks to predict outcomes. The content, date, and results of these divinations
were then carved onto the bones. Topics included warfare, agriculture, weather, hunting,
sacrifices, diseases, royal affairs, and more. Beyond divination, oracle bones also documented
many historical events, social activities, political decisions, and natural phenomena. It is the
earliest known Chinese writing system, providing crucial evidence for studying the origins,
evolution, and structure of Chinese characters. The writing style of oracle bone script reflects the
simplicity of early forms of writing. The characters are minimalistic, with strong, sharp lines.
Due to the hard surfaces of turtle shells and bones, the strokes were often rigid, with visible
carving marks.
28 Oracle Bone Script (甲骨文). Smithsonian’s National Museum of Asian Art. (2020, March 25).
https://asia-archive.si.edu/learn/chinas-calligraphic-arts/oracle-bone-script/
31

Figure 13: A fragment of an inscribed oracle bone dating back to the reign of Wu Ding, a king of the
Shang Dynasty, who ruled from around 1250 to 1192 BCE, http://www.csstoday.com/Item/9039.aspx.
I chose clay as the medium to symbolize the connection between tradition and modernity.
Clay is a traditional material with a long history, widely used in Chinese culture to create vessels,
sculptures, and other artworks. By carving internet buzzwords into clay, I combine a modern,
digital form of language with a traditional craft material, symbolizing the evolution and
continuity of Chinese culture from ancient times to the present. This choice of medium reflects
the fusion of the traditional and the modern, prompting viewers to consider how culture can
retain its roots while continuously evolving in a rapidly changing digital age.
32

Figure 14: One piece from the series of artworks. By Wenyang Gao
4.1.1 Oracle Bone Series
The first piece in the series categorizes Chinese internet buzzwords into six main groups
(as explained earlier in the paper) and selects one word from each group to be engraved on clay,
mimicking oracle bone script.
The inspiration comes from the book "Tie Yun Cang Gui," which is the first work on
oracle bone script. In the 20th year of Emperor Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty, Liu E
selected over a thousand pieces from his collection of more than five thousand oracle bones and
compiled them into six volumes.
I chose this clay body because its color closely resembles the natural earth tones of
ancient oracle bones. After firing the clay, I tested various brown pigments for a second firing
and found that using a damp sponge dipped in copper wash produced the desired effect.
33

Figure 15: Oracle Bone Series - Artwork 1. By Wenyang Gao
34

Figure 16: The process of Artwork 1. By Wenyang Gao
The second piece, "Oracle Bone," is composed entirely of emojis, aiming to reflect on the
fragmentation and transience of modern society in the context of the internet. Emojis, with their
distinctively modern characteristics, represent contemporary lifestyles and communication
habits: fast, concise, and direct. In contrast, oracle bone script symbolizes a more enduring and
deliberate form of record-keeping in ancient times. Through contrast, this work showcases the
evolution of language and reveals the potential reshaping effect that Chinese internet slang may
have on contemporary thought patterns. I aim to prompt viewers to reflect: Is modern internet
language simplifying our understanding of complex concepts? Does this simplification diminish
the depth of thought, subtly fostering a more homogenized cognitive pattern? My work seeks to
remind viewers that the fast-paced language of today’s information-driven society may, in ways
we don’t immediately notice, influence the depth of our thinking and our way of understanding
the world.
35

The third piece engraves Chinese internet buzzwords, reflecting societal conditions, onto
'oracle bones.' These words often mirror contemporary social phenomena and collective
psychological states, such as excessive competition, anxiety, and survival pressure. By recording
these modern terms, which capture societal emotions and trends, onto oracle bones, the work
challenges traditional concepts of historical documentation. It redefines what can be considered
"history" and prompts people to realize that even the seemingly "trivial" terms of modern society
may hold profound historical and cultural significance.
36

Figure 17: Oracle Bone Series - Artwork 2. By Wenyang Gao
Figure 18: Oracle Bone Series - Artwork 3. By Wenyang Gao
37

Conclusion
In exploring whether Chinese internet buzzwords influence people's understanding, I
found that internet slang plays a multifaceted role in modern society. They not only reflect
cultural shifts in contemporary society but also highlight the evolution of language in the context
of globalization and digitalization. Through studying this phenomenon, I concluded that Chinese
internet buzzwords have introduced new forms of language expression and thinking patterns, yet
they have also impacted traditional culture and communication methods.
The emergence of internet buzzwords has greatly enriched modern Chinese expression.
These terms are often characterized by their simplicity, directness, and ease of dissemination,
allowing them to quickly convey complex emotions or social phenomena in a short amount of
time. For example, the term "nèi juǎn" (intense competition) reflects the phenomenon of
excessive competition in today’s society, while "tǎng píng" (lying flat) expresses a lifestyle
choice to resist pressure. These terms not only help people more easily understand and express
emotions but also foster a certain level of social resonance. These words has also promoted
linguistic diversity and flexibility. They often incorporate current events, cultural trends, and
social psychology, making language more creative and adaptable. For instance, some internet
buzzwords are borrowed from other countries and, through widespread use, gradually become
part of everyday language, integrating into the Chinese lexicon. This linguistic innovation makes
modern Chinese more open and inclusive, better suited to the context of globalization.
The rapid spread and widespread use of internet buzzwords in China have also impacted
traditional culture and modes of language expression. Traditional Chinese language emphasizes
subtlety, elegance, and depth, whereas internet buzzwords prioritize directness, simplicity, and
immediacy. This shift in expression reflects a change in societal values. As internet buzzwords
38

become more widely used, many traditional Chinese words and expressions are gradually fading
from everyday life. Younger generations tend to prefer using online language for communication,
overlooking the rich meaning and expressive nuances of traditional culture. This shift in
linguistic culture may lead to a decline in the influence of traditional culture among the younger
generation, potentially affecting cultural transmission.
As a designer, communication and the understanding of both visuals and language are
essential components of my work. My exploration of Chinese internet slang through clay works
that mimic ancient oracle bones reflects this. By using a traditional medium like clay, I delve into
the historical roots of communication, questioning how language evolves and is understood in
contemporary times. This contrast between ancient forms and modern slang opens a dialogue
about the role of language in shaping thought and culture today. Additionally, my use of scrolls,
an ancient format, to interpret current slang further emphasizes the connection between past and
present, illustrating how language continues to evolve while maintaining ties to its historical
origins. My work is an ongoing investigation into how today's rapidly changing digital language
affects our deeper understanding and interaction with the world.
Overall, Chinese internet buzzwords have had a profound impact on both communication
and cultural transmission. They have fostered linguistic innovation and cultural exchange in the
context of globalization, but they have also contributed to the simplification of language and the
marginalization of traditional culture. We need to approach this phenomenon dialectically,
embracing language change and diversity while maintaining respect and preservation for
traditional culture in the flow of modern life.
39

Bibliography
Pinker, S. (2015). Words and rules: The ingredients of language. Basic Books, a member of the
Perseus Books Group.
Pinker, Steven. Stuff of Thought. Penguin Books USA, 2008.
Pinker, Steven. The Language Instinct: The New Science of Language and Mind. Penguin Books,
2015.
Jiang, Xun. Han Zi Shu Fa Zhi Mei. Shanghai San Lian Shu Dian, 2023.
Luo, Changpei. Luo Chang Pei Yu Yan Yu Wen Hua. Ji Lin Chu Ban Ji Tuan Gu Fen You Xian
Gong Si, 2017.
40

Abstract (if available)

Abstract With the rapid development of the Chinese internet and the widespread use of self-media platforms, internet slang has emerged in abundance. These terms not only express contemporary emotions and attitudes but are also gradually shaping people’s modes of thinking and linguistic diversity. For example, terms like "内卷" (nèi juǎn） and "躺平" (tǎng píng) have quickly become common expressions to describe stress or competition and are widely spread through social media. Using these terms has gained substantial resonance in a short period, reflecting the collective mindset of many individuals.
However, with this extensive use, these terms are also gradually leading to a homogenization of thought. Increasingly, people borrow terms like "内卷" (nèi juǎn）to discuss stress or competition without deeper reflection on the specific situation or complexity behind it. While these popular terms allow people to reach quick mutual understanding, they also reduce the nuance and diversity of language, simplifying complex emotions and ideas into a few fixed expressions.
My design research and practice explores how Chinese internet slang, through its widespread dissemination, affects people's ways of thinking and language expression, particularly focusing on how these terms promote resonance but also contribute to a homogenization of thought and linguistic expression.

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Asset Metadata

Creator Gao, Wenyang (author)

Core Title The influence of Chinese internet slang

School Roski School of Art and Design

Degree Master of Fine Arts

Degree Program Design

Degree Conferral Date 2024-12

Publication Date 11/18/2024

Defense Date 11/15/2024

Publisher Los Angeles, California (original), University of Southern California (original), University of Southern California. Libraries (digital)

Tag Chinese internet trending new words,critical thinking,daily communication,impact on thinking,internet abbreviations,self-media platforms,social network evolution

Format theses (aat)

Language English

Contributor Electronically uploaded by the author (provenance)

Advisor Wojciak, Ewa (committee chair), Mueller, Thomas (committee member), O'Connell, Brian (committee member)

Creator Email gaowenya@usc.edu,wenyanggao6.19@gmail.com

Unique identifier UC11399DNE8

Identifier etd-GaoWenyang-13637.pdf (filename)

Legacy Identifier etd-GaoWenyang-13637

Document Type Thesis

Format theses (aat)

Rights Gao, Wenyang

Internet Media Type application/pdf

Type texts

Source 20241118-usctheses-batch-1223 (batch), University of Southern California (contributing entity), University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses (collection)

Access Conditions The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the author, as the original true and official version of the work, but does not grant the reader permission to use the work if the desired use is covered by copyright. It is the author, as rights holder, who must provide use permission if such use is covered by copyright.

Repository Name University of Southern California Digital Library

Repository Location USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus MC 2810, 3434 South Grand Avenue, 2nd Floor, Los Angeles, California 90089-2810, USA

Repository Email cisadmin@lib.usc.edu