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The user's guide to the 1997 Uniform Building Code

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The user's guide to the 1997 Uniform Building Code

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Content INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. 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This reproduction is the best copy available UMI Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE USER'S GUIDE TO THE 1997 UNIFORM BUILDING CODE by Catherine Houston, A.I.A. A Thesis Presented to the FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF BUILDING SCIENCE May 1998 Copyright 1998 Catherine Neal Houston Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 1391087 UMI Microform 1391087 Copyright 1998, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE UNIVERSITY PARK LOS ANGELES, CA 90089-0291 This thesis, w ritten 6y CATHeglME NEAL HOUSTON under the direction o fh e .f’ Thesis Committee, and approved 6y a d its mem hers , has B e e n presented to and accepted G y the (Dean o f The SchooC o f Architecture in partiaCfufM m ent o f the requirements fo r the degree o f Ma s t s e>mt-piN6 gcieMsg (Dean Date THESIS COMMITTI Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following individuals were instrumental in the production of this thesis. To them, I am profoundly grateful. Professor Marc Schiier. of the USC Building Science Program, who taught me by asking questions, encouraged me with confidence and generally kept me on track. He is a teacher in the very finest sense of the term. Professor Goetz Schierle, also of the USC Building Science Program, who moves at a pace much more rapid than my own, but who also displayed patience with my journey. Charles and Priscilla Houston, my parents, who always had great confidence in my abilities. They also recognized that finishing what I had begun was my Achilles heel. Elena, my daughter, whose quiet self-confidence has taught me to focus, as well as to observe prior to proceeding. Stephanie, my daughter, whose intolerance of injustice has taught me the importance of defending unpopular people and ideas. Julia, my daughter, whose unshakable disposition and empathy have taught me the value of attitude. And Eduardo, my husband, who believes we all have a responsibility to fully use our potential. ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT A User's Guide to the 1997 Uniform Building Code is intended to function as an interface between the architect and the building code. This product, titled CodeMaster, provides a sequential structure for a professional to follow while performing a code analysis for a potential or existing project. Each step is introduced with an explanation of the code’s intent, and important passages and tables are reproduced. CodeMaster is preceded by a history of the development of building law and code. Urbanization, technological innovation and risk management are presented as forces behind the evolution of modern model building codes. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Houston. Catherine A Users Guide to the 1997 Uniform Building Code 1. Code— Building Code— Uniform Building Code. I. Title. iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CONTENTS ACKNOWLEGDEMENTS............................................................................................... ii ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................m I. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................... 1 II. HISTORY OF BUILDING L A W ...................................................................... 3 2.1 Origins of Law 2.2 Code of Hammurabi 2.3 Roman Law 2.4 English Law 2.5 Early American Building Law III. THE INNOVATIVE NINETEENTH CENTURY.............................................. 15 3.1 Zoning Laws 3.2 Technology, Standards and Professional Organizations 3.3 National Standards IV. THE MODEL BUILDING C O D E S .................................................................... 20 4.1 International Conference of Building Officials 4.2 Southern Building Code Congress International 4.3 Building Officials and Code Administrators International 4.4 International Code Council V. PRESCRIPTIVE vs. PERFORMANCE C O D ES............................................25 VI. THE ARCHITECT AND THE BUILDING C O D E ............................................27 6.1 Current Status 6.2 Existing interfaces VII. SOLUTION............................................................................................................31 7.1 A User's Guide to the 1997 Uniform Building Code VIII. CONCLUSIONS............................................................................................... 33 REFERENCE L IS T .......................................................................................................34 A PPENDIX.....................................................................................................................35 CodeMaster: The User's Guide to the 1997 Uniform Building Code IV Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INTRODUCTION The human animal is not physically well equipped to deal with the intemperate environment. He loses a great deal of heat through the skin, which also affords little protection from the sun. Other creatures are stronger, faster and hungrier than the human, who has survived by using his large brain to design protection, in the form of clothing and shelter. The ability to make and use tools has allowed mankind to modify caves, build thatch-roofed huts and create the pyramids. For tens of millennia, humans have used locally available materials and trial-and-error construction methods to produce successful, indigenous buildings. Quality was controlled by passing traditional construction methodology from one generation to the next. Government exists to establish man's order in nature's chaos. Strong leaders throughout history have attempted to establish principles of conduct, which, if standardized, then stood as law. Without such legal standards, disputes are often settled by vendetta, which can escalate and polarize entire communities. Governing bodies prescribe penalties in order to either discourage anti-social behavior or to redress wrongs. When construction of shelters is perceived as dangerous or fraudulent, government makes building laws setting quality standards, often with penalties for noncompliance. Modern building law is less than a century old. It is directed at the builder, who has changed character during this period. Traditionally, people built their own shelters, and architects designed and directed large or important projects. i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. The architect was the master builder, able to design, engineer and organize craftsmen to create very complex buildings. He was considered to be the essential leader of major construction. In the late twentieth century, however, the architect has relinquished control of the construction site to the general contractor. Structural and mechanical issues are often resolved by the consulting engineers. Most architects neither understand the historical background of the modern laws which govern their profession, nor are they well- versed in the specifics of those laws. If the architect wishes to regain the traditional role of building authority, he must acquire overall construction expertise, as well as a thorough dominance of the building codes, which establish the standards to which we build our shelters. The histoncal influences which have driven the development of building laws are explored in the first part of this treatise. The evolving courses of urbanization, government and technology are shown to have crossed paths repeatedly. Finally, the imminent publication of a model building code, the International Construction Code, which will be used in countries around the world, emphasizes our journey from village to global society. The second part of this work is an instructional guide which establishes a thorough, sequential path through the Uniform Building Code. CodeMaster is an interface between Architect and building code. When architects accept primary responsibility for their buildings, and for cognizance of the laws which govern their projects, they may again be considered masters of their trade. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. HISTORY OF BUILDING LAW 2.1 Origins of Law Law is mankind's attempt to impose order on the chaos of the natural world. Throughout history, communities have formed customs which promote their own survival. Taboos, such as incest and murder, are virtually universal due to their obvious danger, either genetic or immediate, to the continued existence of a human group. Most cultures prohibit the consumption of certain things--such as insects, pork, fermented fruit and human meat— which are considered edible elsewhere. When widespread illness or death was perceived to have been the result of consuming such foods, a community often made dietary prohibitions in the interest of self-preservation. Strong leaders have historically attempted to establish principles of conduct and constraint, intended to protect their own status and dominion. Penalties have been enacted to discourage anti-social behavior, as well as to redress wrongs, thereby preventing blood feuds. The relative peace and order, which result from the making and enforcing of laws, allow a government to direct the collective energy of its people toward some greater goal, such as the construction of holy edifices or the invasion of neighboring lands. Those leaders who have made organized communities, with just rules and consistent and predictable penalties, have usually strengthened their positions of authority. This is because humans everywhere seem to want, in addition to adequate food and shelter, some assurance that their surroundings are Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. predictably safe. We expect our government to protect us, and in return we support that protective government. Most of us want our leaders to walk the path which falls between impotence and oppression, between anarchy and tyranny. We tend to view law as good if it protects us while allowing us the freedoms which our culture holds dearest, at a specific moment in time. Our most vivid fears create the expectations we place upon our leaders. After a war or a natural disaster, for example. Amencans have asked for laws that might prevent future death and destruction: a Marshall Plan is enacted; new building laws require anchoring hardware or improved welding. As memories and nightmares fade, so too does the community’s desire for protective legislation. The public's legal expectations swing between laissez-faire and protectionism, depending upon our current fears and levels of confidence. Laws have taken many forms in their lengthy evolution. Aristotle described two categones of law: natural law, which was derived from custom or precedent; and legislated law, which was manufactured by a legislative body.1 These describe the origins of much of our modern law. European continental law is based upon legislated, or statutory law which was initiated by a community’s empowenng of some body to formulate limits for that community's behavior. Aristotle’s natural law is the common law of England and the United States. It is based on the premise that that the customs of a societal group slowly evolve into 'Matthvs Levs’ and Mario Salvadori. Whv Buildings l u ll Down (New York: VV W Norton & Co., 1992). 243 4 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. law, and judicial decisions determine whether a custom or precedent applies to a specific legal situation. Disputes concerning structural failures have been decided through tort and contract law.2 Both statutory and common law systems have areas of tort and contract, the civil lawsuits of which serve to redress wrongs and recover damages. Some early law seems quite similar to modern law. Other examples are overtly pnmitive. But the overall evolutionary trend toward complete bodies of law, or codes, can be observed by reviewing the high points of the last three thousand years of written occidental law. 2.2 Code of Hammurabi One of the earliest known collection of laws is that of the sixth king of Babylon, who ruled from 1792 to 1750 BC. The Code of Hammurabi was based on older and less complete collections of other Sumerian rulers. It is not an exhaustive body of legal judgements and is therefore, arguably, not a true code. However, it does place controls on behavior, including those actions pertaining to construction. Hammurabi generally pronounced the laws of his predecessors and made royal decisions in cases for which no legal precedent existed. A major difference between earlier Sumerian law and that of Hammurabi is found in the punishment exacted: the earlier law penalized by compensation, in kind or in money. ‘ Ibid 5 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Hammurabi, on the other hand, frequently called for mutilation or other corporal punishment. When the victim or plaintiff was a free man, the Law of Retaliation was often applied, even if the offense was not intentional.3 Perhaps the earliest statute regarding structural failures follows: If an architect built a house for a free man but did not make his construction strong, and if the house that he built collapsed and caused the death of its owner, that architect shall be put to death. If it caused the death of the son of the owner of the house, they shall put to death the son of that architect. If it caused the death of a slave of the owner of the house, he shall give to the owner of the house a slave of equal value. If it destroyed property, he shall restore whatever it destroyed, and because he did not make the house which he built strong and it collapsed, he shall rebuild the house which collapsed at his own expense.4 The punishment was intended to fit the crime. One can logically conclude that architects in Hammurabi's Babylon rarely underengineered or neglected their projects. This is a primitive example of a performance-based building law, in that it demands that whatever goes up should stay up, with the severest of penalties for noncompliance. 2.3 Roman Law The building law of Rome was a complex collection of regulations regarding contractual relationships, rather than a complete code of law. 5 The ‘ Georues Roux. Ancient Iraq, (Cleveland: W orld Publishing Company. 1964), 170 4Levv and Salvadori. Why Buildings l-a ll Down, 243 'The American Institute o f Architects, An Architect's Guide to Building Codes and Standards, 3d ed.. (Washington. D C The American Institute o f Architects, 1991), 7 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Twelve Tables were engraved in 450 BC with servitus reales, or real service laws, which granted rights of way and setbacks, among other property rights. In the setback law, each house was required to maintain a two and one-half foot space around it.6 This setback would serve to isolate each dwelling from the next in case of fire. Another statute required that rainwater falling from the roof of one building be prevented from draining onto the property of a neighbor. These are among the first recorded zoning laws and have much in common with their modem descendents. The Romans were prolific lawmakers. Their contractual agreements sometimes included complete building specifications, including the materials of construction, inspection requirements and required project supervision by the builder. For example, a building constructed in 341 BC contained a stone engraved with a contract stating that the builder "shall [perform] in person, in the presence of the commissioners, the insertion of the dowels and clamps and the pouring of the lead, and shall close no [joint] without having shown it."7 The inscription goes on to prescribe the manner in which the stones were to be laid up and the number of iron dowels to be used, all of which was required to be closely watched by the builder. This is an early example of a specification- based, or prescnptive, building law. although its form is that of a single legal contract rather than a general statute. The method, matenals and sequence are "Ibid. 'Ibid 7 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. precisely dictated; acceptable results are predicted to result from a well- described and well-performed process. By the middle years of the Roman Empire, urban growth had created high densities, and demands for housing created rapid construction. Although the quality of large, public edifices seems to have been well-controlled, other structures were often built hastily, without much enforcement of setbacks, or other standards. Shoddy construction of multistory wooden tenements led to collapse while still under construction. When such buildings survived to completion they later provided fuel for conflagrations. Roman literature contains references to these hazards: Two of my shop properties have collapsed and the rest are full of cracks. The tenants have decamped-so have the mice. Town property brings good returns, but it's ternbly risky. If there were any way of stopping houses perpetually burning down in Rome I’d sell up my farms and buy town property every time.8 By the time of Nero's rule in the first century AD, Rome was physically chaotic and detested by the emperor. He had already prepared a new master plan for his city, which would prohibit combustible materials and limit building height and density, even before to the devastating fire of 64 AD.9 While we cannot be certain that Nero did not instigate the catastrophic fire, we do know that he was pleased with the opportunity to create a great, new city based on good standards of construction, sanitation and zoning. *John Crook, /.uu and Life o f Rome (Ithaca. New York Cornell University Press. 1967), 154. ’Robert E. O'Bannon. Budding Department Administration. (Whittier. California International Conference o f Building Officials. 1973). 2. 8 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Nero's Rome was one of the first recorded instances of a repeating historic scenano in which rapid urban growth set the stage for terrible sanitation and widely destructive fires. Building laws were made in order to deal with urban problems. A city with a population of thousands might lose several hundred dwellings and businesses in a single fiery episode. Rural development, on the other hand, allowed fires to be self-limiting, due to dispersed construction patterns. The goal of early building laws was, therefore, to simply limit fire or structural collapse to a single building. The lack of such controls (or their poor enforcement) led to deplorable conditions, followed by catastrophes, followed by better-controlled development. Improved plans of urban development grew out of the devastation of the substandard previous state, as a phoenix out of the ashes. Building law and enforcement show a cyclic, historical pattern, as humans reacted to. and then forgot about, dangerous urban development. 2.4 English Law Rome conquered Britain in 43 AD and introduced its law and. eventually Christianity and the organized church. One might expect that after four hundred years of rule the Romans would have left written laws in Britain, when they were expelled by invasions of Germanic tribes. However, this was not the case. There is not any evidence of written laws in Britain prior to 600 AD, when Aethelbert. a provincial king, became Christian and proclaimed his desire to have 9 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. laws recorded.1 0 His rule was contemporaneous with that of Justinian, the great Byzantine emperor who made a substantial contnbution to legal history with his code, and Aethelbert may have chosen to emulate him. Aethelbert’s laws were not recorded in Latin, but rather in German, from which the English language would evolve. In fact, these laws reveal very little Roman influence. They are merely a list of ninety brief sentences, which give tariff penalties for particular crimes. One such law. "If one man strike another with the fist on the nose— three shillings," shows us the German tradition of legal compensation using money.1 1 However, Aethelbert's laws are prefaced by a reference to fees, which are to be paid to the church and bishop. This is clearly not Germanic, but rather of Christian (and, therefore, Roman) influence and origin. No truly Romanesque law was left in Britain; thus, English law developed uniquely and has a peculiar, non-continental quality. Aethelbert formed a code, though brief, by committing to writing as much of the traditional law as possible, in the form of general regulations of behavior and compensation. Hence, we can say that English law. and later American law began with an act of codification. The single most important precursor to a modern building act was published in London during the Third Crusade, about 1189. Henry Fitz-Elwyne Assize of Buildings was a municipal ordinance, or statutory law, which prohibited the use of thatched roofs inside the city.1 2 Party walls were regulated in ''F Maitland and F Montague. .-I Sketch o f Knghsh Legal History ( London G. P Putnam's Sons, 10151.6 "Ibid . b ''The American Institute o f Architects. An Architect's (linde to Huilding Codes and Standards. 8. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. thickness, height, portion of cost to be borne by each party and the responsibility of discharging rainwater to one's own property or to the street. As in Roman law, these controls were attempts to limit fire or collapse to a single property. Interestingly, this ordinance gave an individual the right to stop his, ora neighbor's construction until a municipal official could decide on a matter. To some degree, this concept would make its way into many modern building codes. As London developed as a center of trade, an ever-increasing proportion of the population lived above shops. The living conditions were crowded and very poor; many families lived in single lath-and-plaster second story rooms built above a half-timber shop. Between 1200 and 1450, the city issued a stream of regulations designed to check fires by building in stone, with tile roofs. However, few residents could afford to take any notice. In the fifteenth century a few substantial houses, built of brick and up to five stones high, began to interrupt the rows of packed hovels. The exploding population of London, both by foreign tradesmen and rural Englishmen, continued to cause severe housing shortages. In 1500 there were about 75.000 Londoners; in 1600 about 220,000: and by 1650 perhaps 450.000.1 3 Tenements arose in churchyards and shops sprouted up to four stories of lodgings above. In spite of the efforts of municipal authorities to restrict development to areas within their jurisdiction, construction spread both east and west. The lack of fresh water springs helped to limit growth, until water pumps were built which could bring water from the Thames (already famously 1‘Robert Gray, A History o f I.ondon ( New York: Taplinger Publication Company. 1979), 141 11 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. foul) to the burgeoning city. By the early 1600's, a channel was made which brought spring water into London from forty miles away, thereby allowing continued urban growth14. The city was bursting at its seams. On September 2, 1666 a fire began which would rage for four days and destroy eighty percent of London. The populace had grown accustomed to frequent fires which destroyed whole neighborhoods, but few foresaw the possibility of a single conflagration wiping out nearly the entire city. The Earl of Clarendon wrote that the newer, brick houses resisted the flames better than the older, wooden structures: It was observed that where the fire prevailed most, when it met with brick buildings, if it was not repulsed, it was so well resisted that it made a much slower progress; and when it had done its worst, that the timber and all the combustible matter fell, it fell down to the bottom within the house, and the walls stood and enclosed the fire, and it was burned out without making a further progress in many of those places; and then the vacancy so interrupted the fury of it, that many times the two or three next houses stood without much damage.1 5 Within five months the parliament passed the comprehensive Rebuilding Act of 1667, based on the original street layout of London, but with wider streets, which would be both accessible to carriages and better fire breaks. Private rebuilding was subject to stnct public surveillance, with the foremost goal being the prevention of future conflagration. The city, within the walls, was to be rebuilt in brick and stone, with a prohibition on wood construction and thatch roofs. These laws would be enforced. Four different types of houses were prescribed, u Ibid . 142. ' Leonard W Cowie. Plague and lir e (N ew York: Putnam Books. 1970). 78 12 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. each one related to a particular street width: four-story houses were thus restricted to the "high and principal streets".1 6 Rules governing every aspect of construction were to be enforced by "knowing and intelligent persons in buildings".1 7 Fees were collected for the inspection work. This was the first comprehensive law approaching a modern building code. 2.5 Early American Building Law The original colonies were settled by English folk who brought with them their familianty with English law. The body of law in England was common law, which developed from judicial decisions based on custom and precedent.1 8 Building law statutes, however, were made by legislative bodies and prescribed how construction should be done. This is statutory law. The evolution of building laws in England was contemporaneous with that in the American colonies, and there was a degree of mutual influence. But. generally, American construction statutes developed independently of the European models. In the early years of the colonies, many municipalities adopted fire control regulations. For example, in 1630, Plymouth, Massachusetts outlawed thatch roofs and mandated noncombustible chimneys and a rooftop-height ladder for "’Gray..-} History o f London. 189 ' Ibid l!< La\vrence M Friedman..-} Hisiorv o f American Law. 2d ed (N ew York Simon and Schuster, 1985). b 13 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. each home.1 9 Benjamin Franklin wrote of the importance of improving building practices in order to safeguard cities from fire. In 1788, the town council in the Moravian community of Wachovia (now known as Salem), North Carolina made a set of regulations governing both planning and construction. The law was stated as follows: It often happens due to ill-considered planning that neighbors are molested and sometimes even the whole community suffers. For such reasons in well-ordered communities rules have been set up. Therefore, our brotherly equality and the faithfulness which we have expressed for each other necessitates that we agree to some rules and regulations which shall be basic for all construction in our community so that no one suffers damage or loss because of careless construction by his neighbor and it is a special duty of the town council to enforce such rules and regulations.2 0 The law went on to provide that master builders were to be responsible to the community for damage due to their negligence; prior to granting permission to build, the community had to approve of the building plan and also had to be convinced of the applicant's ability to pay for the construction. An administrative procedure was established to ensure enforcement. This municipal building code contained much of what we consider to be a modern prescriptive code, with additional aspects of a performance code. 1 J D F Boring and J C Spence and W G Wells, l ire Protection Through M odern Buildmg ( 'odes. 5,hed. (Washington. D C American Steel and Iron Institute. 1981) 2. ‘"ibid. 14 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE INNOVATIVE NINETEENTH CENTURY 3.1 Zoning Laws The nineteenth century saw rapid growth in many urban areas in the United States. Eleven cities suffered devastating fires. Epidemics of yellow fever, typhus and smallpox raced through most of the densely packed zones. Ineffective building laws had created both the fire hazards and the unsanitary conditions. Major cities began to respond to these problems by developing their own, individual building laws, which attempted to control density and fire risk through zoning and restrictions on building size and materials. One such municipality was Seattle, which divided the city into four concentric zones, each with particular standards of building height and materials allowed. Chicago suffered huge losses in the fire of 1871, but adopted its own building code only after the National Board of Fire Underwriters threatened to discontinue writing policies in that city, in 1875.2 1 Municipal codes were developed, each independent of its neighbor, and enforcement was taken more seriously. High fire risk is inherent in certain manufacturing uses and combustible storage. Through isolation of those uses, the spread of fire could be curtailed. Zoning was seen as a means of separating the riskiest and most noxious uses from the community at greatest risk, due to population density or vulnerability. We now take for granted the wisdom of distancing a hospital or apartment ' ‘The American Institute o f Architects. An Architect's tiiude n> Hm /diny ( odes and Standards. 9. 15 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. complex from a smoke-belching steel mill, a chemical plant or a fireworks factory, but prior to zomfication, those adjacencies would not have been uncommon. 3.2 Technology, Standards and Professional Organizations Another very important process was taking place in the U. S. of the mid nineteenth century: risk improvement. In the textile factories of New England, fire destroyed many mills, due to poor construction or poor management. Other mills were built to a higher standard of safety, and their owners were displeased to find that insurance companies were not interested in premium reduction for risk improvement. In order to avoid paying for losses that were occumng in some mills over which they had no control, these owners formed mutual insurance companies. The members agreed to maintain certain levels of fire resistant design, and in return they qualified for less expensive fire insurance. These companies expenmented with construction methods and automatic sprinkler systems, and found the results to be worthwhile.2 2 Their activities led to the formation of Factory Mutual Laboratories (1886) and Underwriters Laboratones (1894). These facilities were of primary importance in the development of standards for building design and fire protection equipment. Another scenano also appeared dunng the second half of the nineteenth century, which saw more change in construction technology in fifty years than had occurred in the previous millennium. Until 1850, bearing wall construction ■'Boring and Spence and Wells. hire Protection Phrough M odern Building ( 'odes, 3 16 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. was the prevailing building type in the United States; the level of combustibility was the sole categorizing factor. As a result, building laws were aimed at a simple reduction in fire hazards. But essential urban and technological transformations were beginning; new structural types and related equipment were being produced. For example, portland cement was developed in 1824, which later led to construction in reinforced concrete. When New York's population reached 800,000, legislation was passed regulating exiting (1862), as well as plumbing and sanitation (1880). Around 1880, concurrent technology produced both the steel skeleton frame and the elevator, which would allow that frame to grow skyward.2 3 By 1885, New York had made laws restricting heights of non-fireproof structures. Worker safety received attention in 1896, when New York passed legislation requiring planks on scaffolding, in order to prevent falls.2 4 Central heating, air conditioning and electric lighting provided modem comfort in the new building types. Legislation was desired in order to create safety standards for the novel building forms and equipment. But that legislation relied on data and expertise, regarding the new forms. That expertise did not exist until the establishment of testing laboratories (mentioned previously) and organizations dedicated to the writing of standards and the acquisition of engineering know-how. Professional groups were formed. The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) was founded in 1852; The American Society of Heating, ' ‘O'Bannon. Building Department Administration, 5 '’ Ibid 17 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), in 1894; and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), in 1896.2 5 The American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM), founded in 1898, set out to create a wide variety of standards which could quantitatively deal with changing building technology. In 1901, the federal government established The National Bureau of Standards, whose name would later be changed to The National Institute of Standards and Technology, with the goal of independently producing standards. Standards are practices acceptable to those with expert knowledge, and are not law unless stipulated by an adopted code. Like building laws, standards can be prescnptive- or performance-based. They are classified as materials standards, engineering standards or testing standards. Instead of reprinting the entire body of a standard, building codes often refer to a particular standard by name and number, which greatly improves the code's readability. The triangular evolution of building technology, building codes and building standards is not accidental: the three areas are entirely interdependent. As a new construction method or material is developed and introduced, the community wants laws governing safe use. Those laws refer to testing results and standards, which rely on the expertise of manufacturers and engineers. Eventually, standards are determined, laws are wntten and the new technology is safely assimilated into the contemporary building arsenal. However, because cities made their own building laws and standards, there were no national "Ib id.. t. 18 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. standards by the beginning of the twentieth century, and their absence created weaknesses which were revealed in a devastating fire in Baltimore, in 1904.2 6 3.3 National Standards In the early hours of the fire, the city of Baltimore set out urgent appeals for help, to cities as far away as Washington, D.C., Philadelphia and New York. Men and fire control equipment were sent, but much of the apparatus could not be used: hose couplings used by these other cities did not fit the Baltimore hydrants. Two thousand and five hundred buildings, in eighty city blocks, were destroyed in the flames.2 7 Different sets of standards had isolated a desperate city from offered assistance. The goal of having municipalities write their own particular building codes suddenly appeared to be very short-sighted. A model, or national, code was embraced, in concept, as the best solution to the problems of nonstandard equipment and substandard construction. A year later, in 1905, the National Board of Fire Underwriters published a model code. It was written by fire insurance industry representatives, with the singular goal of preventing future losses due to fire. Optimistically named the National Building Code, it was a comprehensive set of building regulations, intended for adoption by municipalities. Although it established a general form '’’Boring and Spence and Wells, li r e Protection through Modern Building Codes. 3 ' Ibid 19 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. for development of other codes, it suffered from having been written entirely by those in the insurance industry.2 8 Concerned over its perceived bias, some jurisdictions rejected the National Building Code and chose, instead, to make their own local, or regional building codes. This system persisted, and today the selection and enforcement of building laws and model codes continue to be left to state and local governments.2 9 THE MODEL BUILDING CODES Some large cities used early editions of the National Code in framing their regulations, and many others adopted it outnght. Always entirely controlled by insurance underwnters, who were advised by committees of academics and building officials, this code was revised and reissued irregularly until its final edition in 1976. However, long before that time its importance as a model code was overshadowed by three other model code-making organizations. 4.1 International Conference of Building Officials Building officials, other than those on their committee, had no influence with the National Board of Fire Underwriters in amplifying the provisions of the National Building Code. Several attempts at writing their own model code were made by organizations of building officials, who felt that they, and not special interests, should make building law. In 1922. the Pacific Coast Building Officials ' sThe American Institute o f Architects. An Architect's (im Je to Hittfdiny ( 'ndcs and Standards. 9 -'Ibid 20 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Conference met in San Francisco, armed with a common desire for sound uniform building regulations based on minimum requirements for public health, safety and welfare. These dozen men soon attracted other active building inspectors to their cause, and within three years had designed the framework out of which the Uniform Building Code was to grow. The input collection process used to form the UBC was distinctly American, and extremely unusual in the history of law making. The Pacific Coast Building Officials Conference sponsored public district meetings, in dozens of west coast towns, with the goal of gleaning comments from building officials, architects, engineers and materials manufacturers. When the preliminary draft was written, copies were sent throughout the United States, requesting comments and criticism. In 1927, the first edition of the Uniform Building Code was published by the Conference, which by then had changed its name to International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO). It was the first model code to establish distinct fire resistance ratings for specific types of construction.3 0 A great deal of attention was given to the logical arrangement of the UBC, which was divided into ten parts, and each of those parts into chapters and sections. This code is currently adopted by all or part of 20 western states and midwestem states, as well as Japan, Brazil. El Salvador and the United States Atomic Energy Commission. Just as during the original framing of the UBC, an open forum approach is used for code modification, and revised editions are published "’Bonnu and Spence and Wells, hire Protection through Modern Building ( 'odes, 5. 21 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. every three years. The UBC has long been regarded as the expert in earthquake related issues, due to its southern California headquarters, as well as to its dominance in the seismically active areas of the country. 4.2 Southern Building Code Congress International Building officials in the southern United States felt that their specific regional, environmental conditions made model codes produced elsewhere somewhat impractical, not pertinent enough to adopt in their entirety and troublesome to revise. Locally produced building codes had proven to be both costly to publish in small numbers, and expensive to revise periodically. In 1940, several building officials from Shreveport, Louisiana and Birmingham, Alabama agreed to tailor a new model building code to the regional climatic conditions of the southern United States. The Southern Building Code Congress International published the first edition of the Southern Standard Building Code, also known as the Standard Building Code, in 1946.3 1 Prior to adoption by municipalities, some prohibitively expensive state publishing laws had to be repealed, which was accomplished within about five years. Most of the southern states currently use the Standard Building Code, long considered to be the last word on issues of wind design, due to regional familiarity with tropical storms. With its headquarters in Birmingham,Alabama, SBCCl publishes the SBC on a three year cycle. "O'Bannon. Budding Department Administration, 165 22 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 4.3 Building Officials and Code Administrators International The fourth major model code was published by the oldest organization of building officials in the United States. Many members of the Building Officials and Code Administrators Conference, founded in 1915, felt that a building code should be written by the construction industry and building officials rather than the insurance underwriters industry, which published the National Building Code 2 2 The original code-making committee was formed in 1945, and the Basic Building Code was published in 1950. BOCA moved the executive offices from New York City to Chicago, Illinois in 1957, and bought the rights to the name National Building Code. The Basic Building Code was first published under the new name. National Building Code, in 1987. It is widely accepted in the northeastern and midwestern states, and is considered to be the expert model code on issues regarding snow design. The NBC is published on a five year cycle. 4.3 International Code Council The three model code-making organizations publish more than building code manuals. They also make mechanical, plumbing, fire prevention and other code books, and provide educational courses and certification examinations. Model codes are adopted at state or local levels, either with amendments or in their entirety. The three model code groups recognized the need to coordinate ':lbid. 165 23 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. their efforts, and in 1972 they organized the Council of American Building Officials (CABO), composed of the three Boards of Directors. CABO publishes a widely used model code for one- and two-family dwellings. Design professionals found the differently formatted model codes to be an impediment to their working in more than one state, region or country, and they encouraged ICBO, BOCA and SBCCI to standardize. The three groups began to focus on the task; in 1989, ICBO President Jim Bihr spoke at the first Pacific Rim Conference of Building Officials, in Honolulu: The whole concept of a common code format and direction toward an international building code is the most important step in our history. The ramifications this will have on the U.S. construction and design industry will be quite profound and lead to a higher and more intense interest in codes than ever before.3 3 In 1994, the International Code Council (ICC) was incorporated, with ICBO, BOCA and SBCCI as statutory members. Because several foreign countries had expressed interest in the new model code, "international" was included in the new code’s title in order to avoid future limitations. ICC will publish the first edition of the International Building Code in 2000, the working draft of which reveals a format that is virtually identical to the 1997 UBC. While ICBO, BOCA and SBCCI separately continue to serve members with educational and certification seminars, the code development activities have been transferred to the International Code Council. A standardized, global building code will soon create a common language for building professionals everywhere. “ international Conference o f Building Officials. "Celebrating 75 Years o f Service A Look Back at the History o f ICBO". Standards 66. no 4 (July/August 1997) 11 24 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PRESCRIPTIVE vs. PERFORMANCE CODES The model codes were written as cookbooks for construction. They are collective opinions establishing minimum standards, and giving examples of acceptable methods of achieving those standards. The three codes are not unlike written versions of a traditional society's transmission of quality standards: a master teaching an apprentice how to build acceptably. Prescriptive building codes were empirically derived from experience, and later were fine-tuned through laboratory testing. Code sections were written describing how to build in masonry, wood and steel. When technology produced a new material, however, the absence of a body of experience with that material often worked directly against its approval for use in construction. By not specifically including a method or material in a prescriptive code, the effect was to postpone or preclude its allowed use. Although model codes provide avenues for performance-based arguments in favor of allowing new technology, the local building department is heavily biased on the side of familiar, traditional materials and methods. As a result, there is increasing demand among construction professionals for the development and adoption of performance-based codes. Performance can be described as meeting expectations: those of the designer, the insurer, the building official, the user, etc. The expectations are dependent on objectives. In a performance-based building code the objective is stated (generally explaining the what of a requirement), along with a functional statement (the why) and a performance requirement (the how). The potential 25 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. number of ways in which a designer can comply with an objective is much larger than what can be listed in a prescriptive code. However, when the burden of proof for performance is shifted to the designer, so too is the liability. The designer must be expert in the technical aspect of a proposed material, and also expert in the intent of the code. This is not the case when one uses a prescriptive code. Also, the building official must determine compliance with a performance code by checking technical data and calculations, rather than the checklists and matrices of a prescnptive code. The implementation of a performance code will make new demands on both the designer and the plan examiner. Our model codes, and the IBC, are prescriptive-based building codes. The ICC currently has a performance committee, with the stated goal of developing a performance-based International Building Code, ready for publication in 2006. New Zealand and some of the United Kingdom have made and adopted performance codes. In studying New Zealand's code, published in 1995. one notices that some code sections lend themselves more to a performance format than other sections. For example, in the section on "egress", the objectives, functional statements and performance requirements are presented. Because so few guidelines are offered, this is followed by several pages of "acceptable solutions". There are no required minimum widths of corridors, so the designer must determine how to validate the performance requirement: that all occupants must safely exit the building. In order to prove satisfactory performance, a complicated computer program calculating crowd 26 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. movement must be written, or a post-construction test with humans must be implemented. The thought of failing such a test in a completed building would cause a designer to long for the 44-inch basic required corridor width of the prescriptive code. Most projects simply could not afford the expense required for such validation. It is estimated that about ninety percent of construction approval would be simplified with prescriptive code, with the remaining very large, complex or innovative buildings benefiting from the creative allowances of a performance. Thus, the future of codes will be a combination of prescriptive- and performance- based codes.3 4 THE ARCHITECT AND THE BUILDING CODE 6.1 Current Status The architect in the United States of the late twentieth-century has delegated much traditional responsibility to others. Once in charge of the construction site, the architect is now a mere observer. Most architects rely on consulting engineers for mechanical and structural design, due to the complexity of contemporary buildings. Contractors now run the construction site and direct the workers. Codes have also become dramatically more complex: the 1927 Uniform Building CodeJt contains 217 pages, whereas the 1997 Uniform Building Code has 533 pages. 4Steven R Winkel. " If You Don’t Like the Code. Go Out and Write One o f Your Own," Architecture ( 'ali forma 19. no 1 (Summer 1997V 45 international Conference o f Building Officials. I'm form Bttildmi; ( 'ode 1027 flditum (Long Beach. California International Conference o f Building Officials. 1928) 217 27 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. The model codes are written and revised with almost no input from architects. Some offices use the services of professional building code consultants, thereby relieving all staff of any need to become building code literate. Many offices have one staff member who knows the code very well, attracting devotion and inquiries from the illiterate staff. Few architectural offices have any program established to introduce the building code to novices, who almost certainly have had no coursework in the use of the entire code, because very few schools of architecture in this country offer, or require such a class. The architect's delegation of code and construction responsibility to others is often rationalized as a way to limit professional liability, or a means to free up time better spent designing. But the contemporary American public perceives the architect as artist, drawing pictures of wonderful structures. The same public also sees architects as the least necessary of all professionals (including physicians, dentists, accountants, engineers and even attorneys). There is a direct correlation between the architect's delegation of construction responsibility, and the public's perception of the architect as impotent and unnecessary. If our architects wish to regain some measure of their previous authonty, they must now acquire expertise in construction matters. As the new International Building Code is adopted, and performance-based codes come into their own, an opportunity avails itself to embrace the responsibility to become expert in that code. When architects possess that proficiency, they can begin to retake their status in the community, that of wise and necessary professionals. 28 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 6.2 Existing Interfaces Many architects and more architectural students have limited understanding of the intent, the standard interpretations, and the proper method for research of the Uniform Building Code. College coursework and office-based training in the building code hardly exist. Thus, the code user’s ignorance can best be resolved through individual study. However, the UBC does not lend itself to the uninitiated: it is not user friendly. Nor is it formatted in the logical order in which a code search or evaluation is performed. Ultimately, the Uniform Building Code does not come with a user's manual. The 1997 UBC occupies three volumes. Volume 1 contains administrative, fire- and life-safety and field inspection provisions, which are organized into Chapters 1-15, and 24-35, plus many appendices. Volume 2 has the structural engineering design provisions in Chapters 16-23, and some excerpts and appendices. Volume 3 contains standards for material, testing and installation. (The National and Southern Codes adopt national standards by reference, which requires the code user to obtain a copy of a standard from a library or the standard-writing organization.) Unfortunately, the numerical ordering of the UBC chapters has nothing to do with the order of use of those chapters in the course of code analysis, during which the code user must flip through Volume 1. going from early chapter to mid-volume table, and back and forth again, just to gather the necessary data for project research. The order of the analytical process is misunderstood, or unknown to many code users. 29 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Recording the arrangement of steps involved in performing a complete UBC project analysis would be the educational equivalent of "cracking" the code. There are several tools which educate or assist the code user, including classes taught by building officials, handbooks, checklists and computer software. The classes are offered at some community colleges and typically meet weekly for fifteen weeks. The advantages of these classes are the incremental approach to the subject and the presence of a building official, who can explain the conventional, and some idiosyncratic code interpretations used in a particular building department. Available code handbooks are of several basic types: introductory, intended for classroom use, with quizzes;3 6 checklists for structural3 7 and non- structural code items;3 8 a handbook with rules of thumb and reprinted sections of all the model codes.3 9 A CD-ROM version of the 1997 UBC. with hyperlinks and cross indexing, is now available as an alternative to the printed version of the code. These tools, though all useful adjuncts, do not present a reproducible guide to help the code user conduct thorough code analyses. They are interfaces between code and architect, but they do not teach a pathway. ‘'’International Conference o f Building Officials. Student Workbook (Whittier. California: International Conference o f Building Officials. 1995) 1 International Conference o f Building Officials, 1994 UBC.' Structural Checklist (Whittier, California International Conference o f Building Officials. 1996) “ International Conference o f Building Officials, 1994 I'B C Nonstructural ( 'heckhst (Whittier, California International Conference o f Building Officials: 1995) “ Edward Allen and Joseph Iano. The Architect's Studio ( 'ompamnn 2d ed . (N ew York: John W iley & Sons. 1995) JO Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE USER’S GUIDE TO THE 1997 UNIFORM BUILDING CODE 7.1 Design and function I have chosen not to use a computer-oriented format in CodeMaster the User's Guide to the !997 Uniform Building Code because the UBC is still predominantly used in its printed form. The solution manual should be in a compatible format. A proper code search is performed in a logical (though misunderstood) sequence.; Codemaster demonstrates that sequence, and offers explanations and references along the way, and is a loose leaf publication, allowing it to be placed among the pages (in pertinent chapters) of the loose leaf 1997 Uniform Building Code. This User's Guide is also alternately formatted as a soft-bound publication to be used as a companion to the bound version of the UBC. It is number-sequenced, with tabs to remind the user of the preferred order for code analysis, even if the step sections are dispersed around the loose leaf code. The pages of each of the eight steps of CodeMaster are color coded to match the tab colors, in order to group the components of the different steps. This product is designed to both educate the code user, and later to remind the user, as often as necessary, of the most relevant code sections in the best analytical sequence. Reproductions of some frequently used UBC tables are found in some of the CodeMaster steps, so as to minimize flipping back and forth through the UBC in the process of researching code. The intent of each section of the UBC is presented. Codemaster uses the following sequence to gather the data 3 l Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. necessary for a complete, basic , non-engineering oriented, code evaluation for a given project, either existing or proposed: STEP ONE— How to Use CodeMaster describes the purpose and proper use of this code guide, and gives some information about the UBC. STEP TWO— Occupancy Classification of the project requires a properly computed floor area and determination of the occupant load. This step guides the user through the UBC tables which are commonly used to find the correct use group, occupancy classification and minimum egress requirements. Mixed occupancies are presented. STEP THREE-Types of Construction— defines the fire-resistivity of the structure and its component parts, and the requirements for classification as a specific type. Code intent is presented. STEP F O U R -ICBO/Sheedv Tables contains the hybrid tables created by Paul Sheedy and the International Conference of Building Officials. Organized by occupancy group, these present nearly all options available to the designer. Several issues can be resolved simultaneously. STEP F IV E -Location on Property guides the user through requirements regarding clearances to property lines and the fire-resistive requirements of walls and openings. The plot plan of the project and the ICBO/Sheedy Tables are referred to in this step. Allowable Floor Area. Heioht and Number of Stories are based upon occupancy group and type of construction. Chapter 5 of the UBC explains ways to increase the basic allowable area and height. 32 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. STEP S IX -Earess and Exits is entirely modified from the chapter in the 1994 UBC. Important code sections are reproduced here. The three components of a means of egress system are fully explained. STEP S E V E N -Fire Resistance and Fire Protection explains rated assemblies, smoke control and fire extinguishing. STEP E IG H T-Accessibility and Energy Code are model codes which are sometimes adopted by states or municipalities. Miscellaneous includes a discussion of the appendices found at the end of Volume 1 of the UBC. The CodeMaster user is reminded to repeat the entire sequence if any occupancy, building type or other changes were made during the process of the sequence. A project's code parameters have now been determined. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of the best pathway for code analysis is the essence of building code literacy. The ability to reproduce that superlative order of research, regardless of the user's ability to remember the path taken, is an important part of any tool which purports to be a truly useful guide. CodeMaster can introduce the uninitiated to the 1997 Uniform Building Code, remind of the proper order of use, and encourage improved code literacy by taking the user beyond the disjointed arrangement of the code. Perhaps more architects will then participate in the code-writing process. If CodeMaster can motivate architects to become the principal experts in building code issues, it will be a very successful interface. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. REFERENCE LIST American Institute of Architects. An Architect's Guide to Building Codes and Standards. Washington: American Institute of Architects, 1991. Allen, Edward and Joseph lano. The Architect's Studio Companion. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1995. Boring, D.F. and J.C. Spence and W. G. Wells. Fire Protection Through Modem Building Codes. Washington: American Steel and Iron Institute, 1981. Cowie, Leonard W. Plague and Fire. New York: Putnam Books, 1970. Crook, John. Law and Life of Rome. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1967. Friedman, Lawrence M. A History of American Law. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1985. Gray, Robert. A History of London. New York: Taplinger Publication Co., 1979. International Conference of Building Officials. "Celebrating 75 Years of Service; A Look Back At the History of ICBO." Building Standards (Jul/Aug 1997). _________ . 1994 UBC Nonstructural Checklist. Whittier, California: ICBO, 1995. _________. 1994 UBC Structural Checklist. Whittier, California: ICBO, 1996. _________ . Student Workbook. Whittier, California: ICBO, 1995. Levy, Matthys and Mario Salvadori. Why Buildings Fall Down. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1992. Maitland, F. and F. Montague. A Sketch of English Legal History. London: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1915. O'Bannon, Robert E. Building Department Administration. Whittier, California: International Conference of Building Officials, 1973. Roux, George. Ancient Iraq. Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1964. Winkel, Steven R. "If You Don't Like the Code, Go Out and Write One of Your Own." Architecture California (Summer 1997): 42-46. 34 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. APPENDIX CodeMaster. The User's Guide to the 1997 Uniform Building Code Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. y CodeMaster the user's guide to the 1997 Uniform Building Code Catherine Houston, A.I.A. 36 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CodeMaster the user's guide to the 1997 Uniform Building Code by Catherine Houston, AJ.A. Reproduced from the 1997 edition of the Uniform Building Code™and the Quick Reference Guide to the 1997 UBC with the permission of the publisher, International Conference of Building Officials Copyright © 1998 by Catherine Meat Houston Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. How to use CodeMaster Occupancy Classification Types of Construction ICBO/Sheedy Tables Location on Property Allowable Floor Area Height & Number of Stories Egress and Exits Fire Resistance Fire Protection Accessibility Energy Code Miscellaneous Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CodeMaster 1 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. HOW TO USE CodeMaster The Uniform Building Code is adopted as law in part or all of twenty states, primarily in the western part of the United States. Many states (including California) adopt an amended form of the UBC. The 1997 edition of the UBC has three volumes. Volume 1 contains the administrative and fire- and life-safety provisions generally used by architects during most of the design process. Volume 2 1 and Volume 3 have structural engineering design and materials/testing standards, respectively. CodeMaster instructs the code user in the proper use of Volume 1. In order for a designer to determine the maximum allowable dimensions or the highest and best use for a specific building or project, a code analysis must be performed. Any original construction, and many alterations, require a thorough and accurate review of all pertinent sections of the building code. However, the Uniform Building Code is not organized in the sequence often used by a designer who is knowledgeable in its use. CodeMaster numbers the steps you will use in analyzing the UBC provisions for a built or potential project. The pages are color-coded to the normal, sequential search order. The loose-leaf edition of CodeMaster may be inserted at the front of the loose-leaf 1997 UBC, or each color-coded CodeMaster part can be placed at the beginning of its pertinent UBC chapter. For example, the Occupancy Classification part of CodeMaster belongs at the beginning of UBC Chapter 3. The bound edition of CodeMaster is intended for use as the companion to the bound edition of the 1997 Uniform Building Code. Code references are provided to the right side of quotations and explanations. CodeMaster introduces the user to the code; a complete understanding of the UBC is required in order to fully incorporate its provisions into a project. Read all sections of a chapter, not just those which are quoted. Because a building official with jurisdiction over a project has the authority to interpret the UBC (with some limitations), an architect or designer is smart to arrange for a meeting with him/her in the early stages of a large project. Local or state amendments to the code can then be confirmed. CodeMaster is a simple reminder for a thorough code search, which the user will appreciate during a later building analysis, when the best sequence might have been forgotten. Proceed to CodeMaster 2. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CodeMaster 2 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION The purpose of UBC Chapter 3. Use or Occupancy, is primarily to reduce risk to occupants. The code attempts to divide the many possible uses in buildings into 10 separate groups, where each group by itself exhibits a generally similar hazard. The risks represented by these groupings are either related to people or to property. The people-related hazards are further divided by activity, number of occupants, their age and their ability to control the conditions to which they may be exposed. The property-related risks are divided by the dangerous materials which buildings may contain and whether those are in use or in storage. That the more hazardous occupancies have greater restrictions on distance from property lines and fire-resistive exterior wall construction indicates the code's intention to limit spread of fire and, thereby, to protect against property loss. (1 ) Compute the actual floor area of the building, or portion thereof. Section 207 of the 1997 UBC defines it as follows: Floor A n a is the area included within the surrounding walls of a building, or portion thereof. Sec. 207 exclusive of vent shafts and courts. The floor area of a building, or portion thereof, rut provided with surrounding exterior walls shall be the usable area under the horizontal projection of the roof or floor above Where applicable, use the ANSI Standard Method of Calculating Square footage for Single-Family Residential Buildings, paraphrased here: Measure at floor level from and to the outside of exterior walls, or centerline of walls between houses. Openings to a floor below are not included in finished area, but treads and landings can be included in the finished area of the level from which stairs descend. Finished areas must have a ceiling height of at least seven feet, except: under beams, ducts and other obstructions, where height may be six feet four inches: under stairs; or where ceiling is sloped. In a room with a sloped ceiling, at least one-half of finished square footage in that room must have a ceiling height of at least seven feet; no portion of the area which has a ceiling height less than five feet may be included in the finished square footage. Garages and unfinished areas may not be included in finished area calculation. Finished areas which are not connected to the house by finished areas (such as hallways) are not included in the finished square footage. As per Section 504.5: A basement need not be included in the total allowable area, provided such basement does not exceed the area permitted for a one-story building. The 1997 UBC defines basement, story, first story and grade, as follow: Basement is any floor level below the first story in a building, except that a floor level in a building having only one floor level shall be classified as a basement unless such floor level qualifies as a first story as defined herein. Story is that portion of a building included between the upper surface of any floor and the upper surface of the floor next above, except that the topmost story shall be that portion of a building included between the upper surface of the topmost floor and the ceiling or roof above. If the finished floor level directly above a usable or unused under-floor space is more than 6 feet (1829 mm) above grade, as defined herein, for more than 50 percent of the total perimeter or is more than 12 feet (3658 mm) above grade, as defined herein, at any point, such usable or unused under-floor space shall be considered a story. First Story is the lowest story in a building that qualifies as a story, as defined herein, except that floor level in a building having only one floor level shall be classified as a first story, provided such floor level is not more than 4 feet (1219 mm) below grade, as defined herein, for more than 50%t c the total perimeter, or not more than 8 feet (2438) below grade, as defined herein, at any point. Grade (Adjacent Ground Elevation) is the lowest point of elevation of the finished surface of the ground, paving or sidewalk within the area between the building and the property line or, when the property line is more than 5 feet (1524 mm) from the building, between the building and a line 5 feet (1524 mm) from the building. 42 ANSI Z765 -1996 Sec. 504.7 Sec. 203 Sec. 220 a Sec. 220 > f Sec. 208 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Occupancy Classification (continued) (2) Determine the occupant load of the building. Use Table 10-A, partially Table 10-A reproduced below, to find the likliest use description of this building, then read across to find the occupant load factor actual floor area + occupant load factor = occupant load TABLE 10-A U S E MMMUV OP TWO MEANS OP EGRESS ARE REOUREDWICRE NUMBER OP OCCUPANTS IS AT LEAST O C C U P A N T L O A D F A C T O R ( • Q u a r e fc e t) i 4 a a *t nangarv (no m oan to 300 2 amton m o w X » 2 Aaaamory area* eonoenmae use (wvrout farad aaam toam m m * Cnwenaa and enaoeis Dancefloor* looey accessory to asaamery occuaency » w > w g aancs Stodaims M fin g areas X so 3 4 Aaoamefy areas loaa concancaa a use Cortsrence rooms O w g rooms Gymasa<mf lounges S a g n Ganung tone am h im m w and m* gam** area sc so 15 1 1 S Boning array sc 4 < O w e n a nomea and nome* lor to* aged 6 X * Ciaaaroown so 2C 8 Conjugati O O m u i 10 200 9 Courtrooms so 40 fO Dorm tones to X i t Owattngs 10 300 <2 Ewreom g rooms 90 X 12 G*r*ge gsnng X n o ta naaitn care ra c x v s - Siaapng rooms 8 10 120 2*0 IS » w i and acartmsi'm ic 200 16 Ktcn*ncom m erce X 20C 17 LOrsry - reed tig rooms Sacs ames 90 30 X IX 18 Locur rooms X X 19 Maas (aaa Cnaear o - - 20 Mangtsc&mng areas X 200 21 Macflancar squomant room X 200 22 Nurearoalor cftOdreti (day care) ? 29 23 Offices X 100 2* Scnoof aneoa one socooonai roome so X 25 SkaBng m u X X on to* toavig area 15 on to * docs 26 Storage and atoch rooms X 200 27 Stores - reaaa aares rooms Baaamants and ground floor UOOtr floors X X X do 28 Smmmtig poors X X flar toe poor area 19 on to * decs 29 Warenouses X 500 8 * ! X 1 0 0 43 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Occupancy Classification (continued) (3) Determine the occupancy group which this building, or portion thereof, most nearly resembles. Use Table 3-A, reproduced below. Then confirm your selection by reviewing its detailed description in the section(s) in the sections referenced in Chapter 3. TABLE 3-A GROUP & DIVISION sccnoN DESCRIPTION OF OCCUPANCY A-t A b m k jg > g or porbon of a budding having an assembly room with occupancy load of more than 1000 and lO Q O m el e stage A-2 Abu dding or portion of a budding having an assembly room wdh occupancy load of lass men 1000 and lagiOmalt stag* A-2.1 303.1.1 Abu dding or poibon of a bulding hevmg an aaaembly room wth an ecc. load of300 or moia a«houe a legflmne « g e . mdudatg such buddings used tor sdKcebonal purposaa and not da—ad aa Group E or Group B Occupancy. A-3 Any budding or porbon of a budding havwig an assembly room wfth an occ. load of Isaatian 300. Whout a lagfllmata staga. mcfudaig such buddings used for aducabonai purposes and not ria in d as a Group E or Group B Occupancy A 4 Stadiums, reviewing stands and amusement park strucbses not mdudodwdhm other Group A Occupenoos. a 304.1 A buadaig or structure or a portion thereof, tor office, prqfoatioral or sorvico-fypotrsntecaoni.aicluding storage of records and accounts; spbng and d n n fc m q ast obf aa hm ent s wflh an occupant load of less man S O . E -1 Any budding usad for orfuratmnal purposes through the 12th grade by S O or m or s parsons for m o ca than 12 hour* par week or four hour* in any onaday E-2 305.1 Any budding used for educational purposes mrough the 12m grade by less man S O persons for more than 12 hours per week or four hour* many onaday E-3 Any budding or porbo n tharaof used for day-cara purpoaas tor mora than s o t pars ons . F-1 305.1 Moderate-hazard factory and indusmel occupanoas include factory and aidusmei uses not dassdied as Group F Drvwon 2 occup F-2 Low-hazard factory and mdus. occs. include tookoas produong noncombuabbla or norwmtoaive m a fe s n a l s that durmg finoTxng. padong or processing do not mvofve a significant Are h a r d . H-1 Occupancies with a quanbty of matanslm the budding m excess of those listed m Table 3-0 mat present a high explosion hazard as kstodm Section X 7 1 1 H-2 307.1 Occupanoas wdh a quantity of metanal m the budding in excess of those h s to d m Tab** 3-0 that preaent a moderate explosion hazard ora hazard from accelerated burning as listed m Sacbon 307 1 1 H-3 Occupancies vnth a quanbty of matanal m the buddmg m excess of those h ate d to Tabla 3-0 that praaant a high B r a or physical hazard askstedin Sacbon 3071 1 H-4 Repair garagas not dasadied as Group S. Ovtimn 3 Occupanoas. M-6 Aircraft repair hangars not classified as Group s. Orvtsion 5 Occupanoas H-fl 307.1 307.11 Semiconductor fabncabon tacdibas and comparable research and development areas whan hazardous producbon materials are usad. and the aggregate quanbty of metanal o ei excess of thoea labd in Table 3-0 or 3-E H-7 307.1 Occupancies having quenbbes of material* m excess of moea istsd in Table 3-E that are haetoi hazards as isted in sacbon 307 1.1. 1 -1 .1 Nurseries for me fulMime care of children under me age of so t (each accomodating more than five children), hospitals, sanitariums. nursing homes «flth nonambutatory pabents and tender buddings (each accomodabng more man five patients) l-U 308.1 Health-care centers for ambulatory pebento receiving outpabant madwal care which may render the pebant xvepahle or unaiinttsrt seff- praietvaoon (each tenant space accomodabng more man five parsons) 1 - 2 Nursing homes tor ambulatory pabants. homes tor chddran so t yaars of age or over (each accomodabng more than to rn persons) t-3 Mental hospitals, mental aaretanums. jads. pnaons. reformatories and buildings where personal kberbes of mmatat are simdarly restrained M 305.1 A budding or pomon tor the daptay and sale of mercnandita. aivoivinq sto ck s of goods aiodantol to such purpose and accasaihle to 5ia public. R-1 310.1 Hotels and aparbnant houses, congregate reaidancat (each accomodabng more than 10 parsons). R-3 Dwettngs. lodging houses, congregate residences (each accomodabng 10 or taeer parsons) S-1 Moderate hazard storage occs. including buddings used far storage of o o m bu sb b to m ateria not clesaifled as Group S. Oneaion2 or Group H Occ 5-2 Low hazard storage occupanoas including buddings or portons thereof usad lor storage of noncombuabble matanah 5*3 311.1 Repair garages where work is limittd to memttnanro not requiring open flame or welding, and partonggaragetnot class asGroupS.Prv 4 Occ. 5-4 Open parking garages 5-6 Aircraft hangars and halistops U-1 312.1 Private garagas. carports, shads and agricultural buildings U-2 Fences over 6 toot (1829 mm) high, tanks and towers. 44 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Occupancy Classification (continued) (4) Determine whether the building has a mixed use or occupancy. E rm ine Section 302 for definitions and information regarding occupancy separations, etc. When a building is used for more than one occupancy purpose, each part of the building comprising a distinct ‘occupancy.' as described in Section 301, shall be separated from any other occupancy ?s specified in Section 302.4. For exceptions and requirements see Section 302. Record the data and proceed to CodeMaster 3. Section 302 45 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CodeMaster 3 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION In Chapter 6 of the Uniform Building Code, the construction types are based upon the hourly tire-endurance ratings of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Fire endurance is the length of time dunng which a fire-resistive construction assembly will confine a tire to a given area, or continue to perform stmcturally when exposed to tire, or both. The highest type of construction is classified as Type I and the lowest as Type V. These five types are further divided into two main groups: noncombustible construction (Types I and II) and combustible construction (Types III, IV and V). The various types of construction within these two groups can be subdivided as tire resistive, protected or unprotected. Table 5-B reveals that the UBC considers Types II. Ill and IV buildings (except for Type ll-F.R.) to provide comparable protection, and therefore permits Types II One-hour. Ill One-hour and IV to have the same areas and heights. (1) Determine the type of construction of the building by the materials used and the fire resistance rating of the different parts of the building. Review the following general descriptions of construction types. Select a §ec 6Q - j likely type for the project under review, and verify your classification by thoroughly reading the section(s) shown to the right of that type. “N” denotes that there are no general requirements for fire resistance (may be unprotected). See Section 601 for important information. INTRODUCTION TO TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION TYPE I Noncombustible, fire resistive throughout. Allows unlimited building area and Fire-resistive height, with exceptions only in H occupancies. Typical in office buildings, hotels and retail stores. Section 602 TYPE II Noncombustible, fire resistive. Type II F.R. is allowed a one-hour reduction in Fire-resistive fire resistance rating (from that of Type I) for interior bearing walls, structural frame and roof/ceiling assemblies. Typical in hotel, office and retail buildings. TYPE II Noncombustible, protected. Has a one-hour fire resistance rating throughout. One-hour with exceptions. Typical in hotel, office, retail and industrial construction. Section 603 Section 603 TYPE ll-N Noncombustible, unprotected. Typical in steel industrial buildings. Section 603 j y p e in Combustible, protected. Has a one-hour fine resistance rating throughout: four- Section 604 One-hour hour rating for exterior walls. Typically a wood frame building with fire resistive (masonry or concrete) exterior walls. TYPE lll-N Combustible, unprotected. Similar to Type III One-hour, but without complying Section 604 with the one-hour fire resistance requirement. -j-ypg |y Combustible, protected. Frame can be wood, steel, masonry or concrete. Has Section 605 a four-hour rating on exterior walls. Typically heavy timber or “mill” construction. Type IV is often a Type III building with a heavy timber interior. TYPE y Combustible, protected. Light wood frame construction with a one-hour fire Section 606 One-hour resistance rating throughout. Typical in low-rise multi-family residential, retail and office buildings. TYPE V-N Combustible, unprotected. Light wood frame construction. Typical in many Section 606 residential buildings. 47 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Types of Construction (continued) Table 6-A Chapter 6 Sec. 601.1 (2) Determine whether all the parts of the building conform to the requirements for the materials and fire resistance of a specific building type. Is there more than one type of contruction in the building? Any building that does not entirely conform to a type of construction set forth in Table 6-A shall be classified by the building official into a type having an equal or lesser degree of fire resistance Review code section(s) which are referenced in Table 6-A, reproduced below, to confirm or determine information about the building elements. TABLE 6-A TYPES OF CONSTRUCT ON-FIRE-RESISTIVE REQUIREMENTS (In Hours) BUILDING ELEMENT TYPE 1 TYPE II TYPE III | TYPE IV TYPE V NoncomtoustiMe Combustible Fve4*stive Fire- rwietrre 1-Hr N 1-Hr N H T 1-Hr N 1 Bearing wafls-edanor 6 023 1 4 Sec. 603.31 1 N 4 Sec. 604.31 4 Sec 604.3 1 4 Sec 605.31 - N 2 Dewing w lh intenor 3 2 1 N 1 N 1 N 3 Nonfiawmg wafls-extenor 4 Sec 002.31 4 Sec 603.31 1 Sec 603.31 N 4 Sec 604 31 4 Sec 604.31 4 Sec 605.31 1 N 4 Structural Frame 3 2 1 N 1 N 1 orH T 1 N 5 Partitiooa permanent 1 1 1 N 1 N 1 or H T 1 N 6 Shaft enclosures 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 Floor* and floor-ceilings 2 2 1 N 1 N H.T 1 N 8. Roofs and roor-ceding* 2 Sec 6025 1 Sec 6 03 5 1 Sec 6 03 5 N 1 N H T 1 N 9 Extenor doors and windows Sec 602.3.2 Sec 6 03.32 Sec 603.3.2 Sec 6033.2 6 0 0 .2 Sec 604.3.2 Sec 605.3.2 Sec 606.3 Sec 6063 10 Stairway construction Sec 6 024 Sec 6 0 3 4 Sec 6 03 4 Sec 603 4 Sec 6 04 4 Sec 6 04 4 Sec 6 05 4 Sec. 6 064 Sec 606 4 N-No general requirements for fire resistance H.T.-Heavy Timber note: Structural frame elements in an extenor wall that is located where openemgs are not permitted, or where opening protection is required, shall be protected against external fire exposure as required for extenor beanng walls or the structural frame, whichever is greater (3 ) Determine if the building has more than one type of construction. When a building contains more than one distinct type of construction, the area of the entire building shall not exceed the least area permitted for the types of construction involved. For exceptions, see Section 601. Record the data and proceed to CodeMaster 4. Sec. 601.2 48 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CodeMaster 4 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ICBO/SHEEDY TABLES The following tables. which are referred to here as the ICBO/Sheedy Tables, are hybrids developed by Paul Sheedy and the International Conference of Building Officials. Published as ‘Quick Reference Guide to the UBC". they group a great deal of information by occupancy classifications and divisions thereof, by using information from many separate tables found in the UBC. Each ICBO/Sheedy Table contains requirements for the different types of construction, allowable heights and area, location on property with exterior and interior protection and occupancy and area separations. Also, the conditions for shafts, wall, floor and roof assemblies, as well as the structural frame, are referenced in these tables. A complete array of options is shown for each occupancy group and division. The ICBO/Sheedy Tables offer the designer a tool to fulty compare construction types and requirements at a very early stage in a project, and also a quick checklist to be used pnor to building department submission. (1) After determining the occupancy group (step 2), use the following table of contents to find the table for that group. The allowable types of construction (step 3) are displayed on each table, with their corresponding requirements. Record data and proceed to Codemaster 5. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP A, DIVISION 1 OCCUPANCY G r o u p A . D iv is io n 1 O c c u p a n c y A b u ild in g o r p o n t o n o f a b u ild in g h a v i n g a n a s s e m b ly r o o m w ith a n o c c u p a n t lo a d o f 1 .0 0 0 o r m o r e a n d a le g itim a te s ta g e TYPE o r NOMCOMSUST18LE SUBJECT M.T. 2 9 9 0 0 (2778 m; ) Stones Sue 160 |48 768 mm) 4 hr 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr < 2 0 ft (6096 m m i 1 hr < 4 0 ft (12 192 mrr Not permitted < 5 fr (1524 mm) J< - 4 nr < 2 0 tt (6096 mm i 3 hr 4-2 A-21 A-3 A-4 No separation required Wait or floor 1 hr R*1 R-3. U-1 Opening 1 hr Not permitted Percentage of opening < 3 hr Openmg j 3 hr Percentage of opening* Not m ore m an 25' Wall or floor 4 hr No openings permitted 4 hr Opening 3 hr Not more m an 25* Wan Permanent partitions’ Floors Roofs 3 hr Structural fram e1 2 h r »« F R = F ire re sistiv e < = L ess than ( Footnotes continued on fo llow ing page. I 51 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1 A r e a in d ic a te d is th e b a sic a llo w a b le a r e a fo r b u ild in g s o n e story in h eig h t S ee S e c tio n S O M S ee S ectio n 5 0 4 2 for a re a s o f b u ild in g s o v e r o n e story. S ection 5 0 4 3 fo r th e a re a o f b u ild in g s w ith a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y . S e c tio n 504 4 fo r th e a r e a o f m e z z a n in e s a n d S e c tio n 5 0 5 fo r a llo w a b le a r e a in c re a s e s * S ee S e c tio n 2 0 9 fo r d e f in itio n o f b u ild in g h e ig h t S e e S e c n o n 5 0 6 fo r e x c e p tio n s 3R e g a rd le s s o f ty p e o f c o n s tru c u o n o r fire -re s is tiv e re q u ir e m e n ts fo r e x te n o r w a ils , c e rta in e le m e n ts o f w a lls fr o n tin g o n p u b lic w a y s o r y a rd s h a v in g a w id th o f a t least 40 feet (12 192 m m ) m ay b e c o n stru c te d o f co m b u stib le mate* ria ls. S e e S e c tio n 601.5 4 4T h e su m o f the area o f su ch o p e n in g s sh all n o t ex c e e d 5 0 p erce n t o f the total area o f th e w a ll in e a c h sto ry S e e S e c n o n 5 0 3 2 5 A ll o p e n in g s in flo o rs fo rm in g a th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n sh all b e p ro te c te d by s h a f t stairw ay , ra m p o r e sc a la to r e n c lo su re s e x te n d in g ab o v e an d b e low su c h o p e n in g s T h e w a lls o f s u c h e n c lo s u r e s sh a ll n o t b e o f less th a n tw o -h o u r A re -re sistiv e c o n s tru c tio n w ith a ll o p e n in g s th e re in p ro te c te d b y a A re a sse m b ly h a v in g a o n e- an d o n e - h a lf-h o u r A re -p ro te c tio n ra tin g S ee S e c tio n 3 0 2 .3 . Ite m 2 E X C E P T I O N : W h e n th e w a lls o f su c h e n c lo s u r e e x te n d in g below th e th re e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n to th e fo u n d a tio n a re p ro v id e d w ith a A re-resisn v e ratin g o f not less th a n th ree h o u rs w ith o p e n in g s (h e re in p ro te c te d a s re q u ire d f o r w a lls fo rm in g th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n s, th e e n c lo su re w a lls e x te n d in g a b o v e su ch flo o r used as th e th re e -h o u r A re -re sistiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n m a y h a v e a o n e -h o u r fire -re sistiv e ra tin g p ro v id e d 1. T h e o c c u p a n c y a b o v e is n o t re q u ir e d to b e o f T y p e 1 o r T y p e II fire -re sistiv e c o n s tru c u o n . a n d 2. T h e e n c lo su re w a lls d o n o t e n c lo s e a n e x it s ta irw a y , a ra m p o r a n e s c a la to r re q u ire d to h a v e e n c lo s u r e w a lls o f n o t le s s th a n tw o -h o u r fire -re sistiv e c o n s tru c tio n • T h e t o u l w id th o f all o p e n in g s in an y s to ry s h a ll n o t e x c e e d 2 5 p e rc e n t o f th e w a ll len g th in th at s to re a n d n o s in g le o p e n in g s h a ll h a v e a n a r e a g re a te r th an ! 2 0 s q u a re fe e t ( 11 m *). S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 .3 . Ite m 2 7A C ro u p H . D iv isio n I O c c u p a n c y is n o t p e rm itte d in a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y b u ild in g S e e S e c n o n 3 0 7 .2 .8 C ro u p H . D iv is io n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s co n ta in in g q u a n titie s o f h az ard o u s m a te ria ls in e x c e s s o f th o se s e t fo rth in T ab le 3 -C shall be lo ca te d in a o n e -sto ry b u ild in g used fo r n o o th e r p u rp o s e an d w h ich is w ith o u t b a sem e n ts , c ra w l s p a c e s o r o th e r u n d e r-flo o r s p a c e s S e e S e c tio n 307 2 9 A fo u r-h o u r a re a se p a ra tio n w a ll is re q u ire d b e tw e e n a liq u id sto ra g e w a re h o u s e (G ro u p H . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c v ) a n d a ll o th e r u se s S e e S e c tio n 3 0 7 .1 .5 F o r sp ec ia l p ro v isio n s o n h ig h ly to x ic m a ie n a ls (C ro u p H . D iv isio n 7 O c c u p a n c y ). s e e th e F ire C o d e S e e T a b le 3 -B . F o o tn o te 2 • T h e fo llo w in g o c c u p a n c ie s n e e d n o t b e s e p a ra te d fro m th e u se s to w h ic h thc> a r e a c c e sso ry 1 A sse m b ly ro o m s h a v in g a flo o r a r e a o f n o t o v e r 7 5 0 s q u a r e fe e t (6 9 ~ m - ) S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 1. E x c e p tio n 2 I 2 A d m in istra tiv e a n d c le n c a l o ffic e s a n d s im ila r ro o m s w h ic h d o n o t ex c e e d 2 5 p e rc e n t o f th e flo o r a r e a o f th e m a jo r u s e w h e n n o t re la te d to C r o u p H . D iv is io n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 1. E x c e p tio n 2 2 • W h e n an a r e a se p a ra tio n w a ll a lso se p a ra te s o c c u p a n c ie s th a t a re re q u ir e d 10 b e se p a ra te d b y a n o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n , th e m o st re stric tiv e r e q u ir e m e n ts o f e a c h s e p a ra tio n sh a ll a p p ly S e c S e c tio n 5 0 4 6 I l0 W h e rc a r e a se p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b e tw e e n p o rtio n s o f a b u ild in g h a v in g d i f fe re n t ty p e s o f c o n s tru c tio n , th e m o st re s tr ic tiv e re q u ire m e n ts s h a ll g o v e r n S e e S e c tio n 601 1 l T h e to ta l w id th o f a il o p e n in g s in a n y sto ry s h a ll n o t e x c e e d 2 5 pe r c e n t o f th e w a ll le n g th in th at s to ry S e e S e c tio n 5 0 4 6 2 ,2 S e e S e c tio n s 711.1 a n d 711 2 fo r e x c e p tio n s S e e S e c tio n s 1 0 0 5 .3 .3 2 a n d 1 005 3 .3 .5 fo r e x it e n c lo su r e re q u irem en t?. , J ln T y p e I a n d T y p e II c o n s tru c tio n , fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d a s d e f in e d in S e c tio n 2 0 7 m ay b e u s e d in th e a sse m b ly p ro v id e d fire -re s is ta n c c r e q u ir e m e n ts a re m a in ta in e d T h e u s e o f fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is n o t p e r m u te d in p a r titio n s w h ic h a r e a p a n o f a s h a h e n c lo s u r e S e e S e c tio n s 6 0 2 I a n d 6 0 3 1 ,4 S tru c fu ra l fram e e le m e n ts in an e x te n o r w a ll th at is lo ca te d w h e re o p e n in g s arc n o t p e rm itte d o r w h e re p ro te c tio n o f o p e n in g s is re q u ire d sh a ll b e p ro te c te d a g a in st e x te rn a l A re e x p o s u r e a s re q u ire d f o r e x te n o r b e a rin g w a lls o r th e s tru c tu ra l fra m e , w h ic h e v e r is g re ater. S e e T a b le 6 -A . F o o tn o te I ,3 S e e S e c tio n 302_5 fo r b e a tin g e q u ip m e n t r o o m o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n r e q u ir e m e n ts A ls o , s e e S e c tio n 3 0 3 8 fo r a d d itio n a l o p e n in g p ro te c tio n r e q u ir e m e n ts 16W h e n e v e ry p a n o f th e stru c tu ra l fra m e w o rk o f th e ro o f is n o t less th a n 25 feet (7 6 2 0 m m ) a b o v e a n y flo o r, b a lc o n y o r g allery , fire p ro te c tio n o f a ll m e m b e rs o f th e r o o f c o n s tru c tio n , in c lu d in g th o s e o f th e s tru c tu ra l fra m e , m ay b e o m itte d . H e a v y -u m b e r m e m b e rs in a c c o rd a n c e w ith S e c tio n 6 0 5 6 m ay b e u s e d fo r s u c h u n p ro te c te d m e m b e r s in o n e -s to ry b u ild in g s W h e re ev e ry p art o f th e stru ctu ra l fram ew o rk o f th e ro o f is m o re th a n 18 feet (5 4 8 6 m m ) a n d le ss th a n 25 feet (7 6 2 0 m m ) a b o v e a n y flo o r, b a lc o n y o r g a l le ry . th e r o o f c o n s tru c tio n sh a ll b e p ro te c te d b y a c e ilin g o f n o t le s s th a n o n e -h o u r fire -re s is u v e c o n s tru c tio n . S e e S e c tio n s 6 0 2 .5 a n d 6 0 3 5 1 " a th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n is p e rm itte d w h e n th e C ro u p S . D iv is io n 3 O c c u p a n c y is u sed e x c lu siv e ly f o r th e p a rk in g o r sto ra g e o f p riv a te o r p le a su re -ty p e m o to r v e h ic le s p ro v id e d n o re p a ir o r re fu e lin g is d o n e S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 .4 . E x c e p tio n 1. 52 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP A, DIVISIONS 2 AND 2.1 OCCUPANCIES G r o u p A . D i v i s i o n 2 O c c u p a n c y . A n > b u i l d i n g o r p o r t i o n o f a b u i l d in g h a v i n g a n a s s e m b ly r o o m w i t h a n o c c u p a n t l o a d o f l e s s t h a n 1.0 0 0 a n d a l e g i t i m a te Mage G r o u p A . D i v i s i o n 2 .1 O c c u p a n c y . A n y b u i l d i n g o r p o r t i o n o f a b u i l d i n g h a v i n g a n a s s e m b l y r o o m w i t h a n o c c u p a n t l o a d o f 3 0 0 o r m o r e w i th o u t a l e g i t i m a te s t a g e , i n c l u d i n g s u c h b u i l d in g s u s e d l o r e d u c a t i o n a l p u r p o s e s a n d n o t c l a s s e d a s a G r o u p E o r G r o u p B O c c u p a n c y TVPE OF TYPE 1 TYPE > TYPE w I TYPE IV TYPE V*2 CO 17 MONCGUaUSTtBLE COMBUSTIBLE** SUBJECT F R F R N 1-HR*’ N | H.T.*1 1-HR.*’ N Area (SQ ft i' H 29 900 (2778 m2) 13.500 (1254 m2) 13.500 (1254 m?) 13.500 (1254 m2) 10.500 (975 m2) Sue Stones ? 4 2 2 2 2 Height Iff *: 160 (46 766 m m i 65 (19 612 mm) 65 (19 812 mm) 65 (1 9 8 1 2 mm) 50 (15 240 mm) Bearing wall 4 nr 2 hr <10 ft (3048 mm) 1 hr > 10 ft (3048 m m ) 4 hr 4 hr 2 h r < 10 ft (3048 mm) 1 hr 2 1 0 ft (3048 mm) Exterior protection’ Nonbeanng wall 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mmi 2 hr <20 ft (6096 m m ) t hr < 40 ft (12 192 m m ) 2 hr < 10 ft (3048 m m ) 1 hr < 40 ft (12 192 m m ) 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr <20 ft (6096 mm) 1 hr < 40 ft (12 192 mm) 4 hr < S tt (1524 mm) 2 hr < 2 0 tt (6096 mm) 1 hr < 40 ft (12 192 mm) 2 h r < 10 ft (3048 mm) 1 hr a 10 ft (3048 mm) Opening4 Not perm itted < 5 ft (1524 mm) Not permitted < 5 fl (1524 mm) Not perm itted < 5 ft (1524 m m ) 5/<hr < 2 0 ft (6096 m m ) J/4 nr < 10 ft (3048 m m ) J/4 hr <20 ft (6096 mm) 5/4 hr < 20 ft (6096 mm) 5 /4 h r < 10 ft (3048 mm) ! Bearing wan 3 hr 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr 1 hr 1 0 1 *-3 ; C ! *-■ E I No separation returned No separation required No separation required L , U 1 B F-' P ‘ F-2 M Wan or floor 1 hr Not 1 hr Not 1 hr Not j ! * 1 s-1 S-2 1 N l S-5 R-l ! 5 1 R-3 I M Opening 1 hr permitted 1 hr permitted 1 hr permitted ! Percentage of opening No limitation No limitation No im itation r r ! Wall or tlocr- 3 hr 3 hr 3 hr j j j . f i S - 3 " 1 Opemng 3 hr 3 hr 3 hr I » . B • 0 ' A : Percentage of opening8 Not m ore than 25% Not more than 25% Not more than 25% i i : p . 0 . Wan Or floor 4 hr 4 hr 4 hr 0 2 * T Opening No openings perm ittee No openings permitted No openings pe m u te d t : c Wan 4 hr 2 hr 4 hr 4 hr 2 hr T ! . i i Area separation C ' : N | Opening 3 hr 1 V j nr 3 hr 3 hr 1 ’/ j hr Percentage of o penings" Not m ore than 25% Not more than 25% Not m ore than 25% Shaft Wall 2 hr 1 nr 1 hr 1 hr i enclosure’* Openings t ’ ,2 hr 1 nr 1 hr 1 hr ; Permanent partitions’ 5 1 nr 1 nr 1 hr 1 hr or H T 1 hr ' Floors 2 hr 1 hr j 1 hr H T 1 hr P o o ls' 5 r - 2 nr 1 hr 1 8 1 hr 1 h r 1 8 M T 1 hr *5 Structural fram e’* 2C 3 n r 1 8 2 hr 1 nr 1 8 1 hr 1 hr or H T 1 hr F R * F ire rrM M u e < = L e s s th a n H T = H eavy u m b e r S ee S e c tio n 6 0 5 6 £ = E q u a l to o r g re a te r th an (Footnotes continued on fo llow ing page ) 53 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. •A rea in d ic a te d is th e b a sic a llo w a b le a re a lo r b u ild in g s o n e sto ry in h e ig h t S ee S e c tio n 5 0 4 ! S ee S ectio n 5 04 2 to r areas o i b u ild in g s o v e r o n e s to ry S ectio n 5 0 4 3 fo r th e a re a o f b u ild in g s w ith a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y S e c tio n 5 0 4 4 to r th e a r e a o f m e z z a n in e s a n d S e c tio n 5 0 5 fo r a llo w a b le a r e a in c re a se s 2See S e c tio n 2 0 9 fo r d e f in itio n o f b u ild in g h eig h t S e e S e c tio n 5 0 6 fo r e x c e p tio n s ^ R eg ard le ss o f ty p e o f c o n s tru c tio n o r fire -re sistiv e re q u ir e m e n ts fo r e x te n o r w a lls, c e rta in e le m e n ts o f w a lls fro n tin g o n p u b lic w a v s o r y a rd s h a v in g a w id th o f at least 4 0 feet 112 192 m m ) m ay b e c o n stru c te d o f c o m b u stib le m a te ria ls S e e S e c tio n 601 5 4 4T h e sum o f th e area o f su ch o p e n in p shall not ex ceed 5 0 p e rc e n t o f th e to tal area o f th e w a ll in e a c h sto ry S e e S e c tio n 5 03 2 5A1I o p e n in g s in flo o rs fo rm in g a th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n sh a ll b e p ro te c te d by s h a f t stairw ay, ra m p o r e sc alato r en c lo su res e x te n d in g above a n d b e lo w s u c h o p e n i n p T h e w a lls o f su c h e n c lo su re s s h a ll n o t b e o f le s s th an tw o -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e c o n s tru c tio n w ith a ll o p e n i n p th e re in p ro te c te d b y a fire a sse m b ly h a v in g a o n e - and o n e -h a lf-h o u r ftre -p ro te c tio n ra tin g S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 .3 . Ite m 2 E X C E P T I O N : W h e n th e w a lls o f su c h e n c lo s u r e e x te n d in g b elo w th e th re e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n t o th e fo u n d a tio n are p ro v id e d w ith a ftrt-re s is u v e rating o f not less th an th re e h o u rs w ith o p e n in g s th e re in p ro te c te d a s re q u ire d fo r w a lls fo rm in g th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y sep a ratio n s, th e en c lo su re w a lls e x te n d in g a b o v e su c h flo o r u se d as the th re e -h o u r fife -re s is n v e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n m a y h a v e a o n e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e ra tin g p ro v id e d I T h e o c c u p a n c y a b o v e is n o t re q u ire d to b e o f T y p e 1 o r T y p e II fire -re s is tiv e c o n s tru c tio n , a n d 2. T h e e n c lo su r e w a lls d o n o t e n c lo se an e x it s ta irw a y , a ra m p o r an e s c a la to r re q u ire d to h a v e e n c lo su re w a lls o f n o t le ss th an tw o -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e c o n stru c tio n ’ T h e to ta l w id th o f alt o p e n in g s in an y story sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e w a ll le n g th m th at sto ry a n d no s in g le o p e m n g sh a ll h a v e a n a re a g re a te r th an 1 20 s q u a re fe et ( I I S e e S e c tio n 3 02 3. Ite m 2 7A C ro u p H . D iv isio n I O c cu p an c y is not p erm itted m a m ix e d occu p an cy b u ild in g S e e S e c tio n 3 0 ? 2 8 C ro u p H . D iv isio n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s c o n ta in in g q u a n titie s o f h az ard o u s m ateria ls in excess o f th o se vet fo rth in T able 3 -G shall be located in a o n e-sto ry b u ild in g used fo r n o o th e r p u rp o s e a n d w h ich is w ith o u t b a s e m e n ts , c ra w l s p a c e s o r o th e r u n d e r-flo o r s p a c e s S e e S e c tio n 3 0 7 2 9 A fo u r-h o u r a re a se p a ra tio n w a ll is re q u ired b e tw e e n a liq u id sto ra g e w a re h o u se ( C ro u p H . D iv is io n 3 O c c u p a n c y ) a n d all o th e r u s e s S e e S e c tio n 3 07 I 5 F o r sp e c ia l p ro v isio n s o n highly to x ic m ateria ls (G ro u p H . D iv isio n 7 O c c u p a n c y ). s e c th e F ire C o d e S e e T a b le 3 -B . F o o tn o te 2 *T hc fo llo w in g o c c u p a n c ie s n e e d n o t b e se p a ra te d fro m th e u s e s to w h ic h th ey a rc a c ce sso ry 1 A sse m b ly ro o m s h a v in g a flo o r a re a o f n o t o v e r 7 5 0 s q u a re fe et (6 9 7 m - i S e e S e c tio n 3 02 I . E x c e p tio n 2 1 2 A d m in istra tiv e a n d c le ric a l o ffic e s a n d s im ila r ro o m s w h ic h d o n o t e x c e e d 2 5 p e rc e n t o f th e flo o r a r e a o f th e m a jo r u s e w h e n not re la te d to C ro u p H . D iv isio n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s S ee S e c tio n 302 1. E x c e p tio n 2 2 3 T h e k itc h e n se rv in g th e d in in g a re a o f w h ic h it is a p a n S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 1. E x c e p tio n 2 4 ’ W h e n an a r e a se p a ra tio n w a ll also se p a ra te s o c c u p a n c ie s th a t are re q u ire d to be se p a ra te d by an o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n , th e m o st re s tr ic tiv e re q u ire m e n ts o f e a c h s e p a ra tio n sh a ll ap p ly S ee S e c tio n 5 04 6 I l0W h e re a r e a s e p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b e tw e e n p o n to n s o f a b u ild in g h a v in g d if fe ren t ty p e s o f c o n s tru c tio n , th e m o st re stric tiv e re q u ir e m e n ts sh all g o v e rn S e e S e c tio n 601 1 1 T h e to ta l w id th o f a ll o p e n i n p in any story sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e w a ll le n g th in th a t sto ry S e e S e c tio n 5 0 4 6 2 l2S c e S e c tio n s 7 1 1 1 a n d 7 1 1 .2 fo r e x c e p tio n s S e e S e c tio n s 1005 3 3 .2 a n d 1005 3 3 5 fo r e x it e n c lo s u r e re q u ire m e n ts , J ln T y p e I a n d T y p e II c o n s tru c tio n , fire -rc ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d a s d e f in e d in S e c u o n 2 0 7 m a y b e u s e d in th e a sse m b ly , p ro v id e d fire -re s is to n c e r e q u ir e m en ts a re m a in ta in e d T h e u s e o f fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w ood is n o t p e rm u te d in p a rtitio n s w h ic h a re a p a rt o f a s h a ft e n c lo su r e S e e S e c tio n s 6 0 2 1 a n d 6 0 3 I i4 S tn ic tu ra l fra m e e le m e n ts in a n e x te n o r w a ll th at is lo ca te d w here o p e m n g s are n o t p e rm itte d o r w h e re p ro te c tio n o f o p e n i n p is re q u ire d sh all b e p ro te c te d ag a in st e x te rn a l fire e x p o s u r e a s r e q u ir e d fo r e x te n o r b ea rin g w a lls o r th e s tru c tu ra l fra m e , w h ic h e v e r is g r e a te r S e e T a b le 6 -A . F o o tn o te 1 ,5 R o o fs a n d th e ir m e m b e rs , o th e r th a n th e stru c tu ra l fra m e , m ay b e o f u n p ro te c te d n o n c o m b u s tib le m a te r ia ls w h e n e v e ry p a rt o f th e ro o f fra m in g , in c lu d in g th e stru ctu ra l fram e, is 25 fe e t (7 6 2 0 m m ) o r m o re above the floor, balco n y o r g a lle ry im m e d ia te ly b elo w H e a v y -tim b e r m e m b e r s in a c c o rd a n c e w ith S e c tio n 6 0 5 6 m a y b e u se d fo r s u c h u n p ro te c te d m e m b e rs in o n e-sto ry b u ild in g s •’ W h e n ev e ry p a n o f th e stru c tu ra l fra m e w o rk o f th e r o o f is not less th a n 25 feet (7 6 2 0 m m ) a b o v e a n y flo o r, b a lc o n y o r g a lle ry , fire p ro te c tio n o f a ll m e m b e rs o f th e r o o f c o n s tru c tio n , in c lu d in g th o s e o f th e stru c tu ra l fra m e , m ay b e o m itte d . H e a v y -u m b e r m e m b e r s u i a c c o rd a n c e w ith S e c u o n 6 0 5 6 m ay b e u se d fo r su c h u n p ro te c te d m e m be r s in o n e - s to r y b u il d in p W h e re ev e ry p a n o f th e stru c tu ra l fram ew o rk o f th e ro o f is m ore th an 18 feet (5 4 8 6 m m ) a n d le s s th a n 25 fe e t (7 6 2 0 n u n ) a b o v e a n y floor, b a lc o n y o r g a l lery. th e r o o f c o n s tru c tio n s h a ll b e p ro te c te d b y a c e ilin g o f n o t le ss th a n o n e -h o u r f ir e -ic s ts u v e c o n s tru c tio n . S e e S e c tio n s 6 0 2 .5 a n d 6 0 3 5 l7S e e S e c tio n 5 0 8 f o r p e rm itte d s u b s titu tio n o f a n a u to m a tic s p n n k le r s y s te m w h e re o n e - h o u r f u e -re s ts tiv e c o n s tr u c tio n is r e q u ir e d th ro u g h o u t p ro v id e d su c h s y s te m is n o t o th e rw is e re q u ir e d th ro u g h o u t th e b u ild in g ■*A tw o -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n is p e r m itte d w h e n th e C ro u p S . D iv is io n 3 O c c u p a n c y is u s e d e x c lu s iv e ly f o r th e p a r k in g o r s to ra g e o f p riv a te o r p le a - su re -ty p e m o to r v e h ic le s p ro v id e d n o r e p a ir o r fu e lin g is d o n e. S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 4 . E x c e p tio n 1 l9T h e ro o f-fra m in g s y s te m fo r o n e - s to r y p o rtio n s o f b u ild in g s o f T y p e II O n e - h o u r. T y p e III O n e -h o u r o r T y p e V O n e -h o u r c o n stru c tio n m ay b e o f u n p ro te c te d c o n s tru c tio n w h e n s u c h ro o f -fr a m in g s y s te m is o p en to th e a sse m b ly a re a a n d d o e s n o t c o n ta in c o n c e a le d s p a c e s . S e e S e c tio n 303 2.2 ^ G r o u p A . D iv isio n 2 .1 O c c u p a n c ie s h a v in g a n o c c u p a n t load o f 10.000 o r m o re m ay h a v e ro o f s o f u n p ro te c te d n o n c o m b u s tib le o r h e a v y -u m b e r c o n s tru c tio n w h ic h a re le s s th a n 25 fe et ( 7 6 2 0 m m ) a b o v e a n y flo o r, b a lc o n y o r g a lle ry w h e n a ll o f th e fo llo w in g c o n d itio n s a r e m e t 1 T h e b u ild in g is n o t m o te th a n o n e s to ry in h e ig h t, e x c ep t f o r m u ltile v e l a r e a s lo c a te d u n d e r th e r o o f a n d u s e d fo r lo c k e r ro o m s, e x itin g , c o n c e s s io n s ta n d s , m e c h a n ic a l r o o m s o r o c h e r u s e s a c c e sso ry to th e a sse m b ly ro o m 2 T h e a r e a in w h ic h th e r o o f c le a ra n c e is less th a n 25 feet (7 6 2 0 m m ) d o e s n o t e x c e e d 3 5 p erc e n t o f th e a r e a e n c o m p a s s e d b y th e e x te n o r w a lls 3 A n a p p ro v e d , s u p e rv is e d a u to m a tic s p rin k le r s y s te m sh all b e in s ta lle d th ro u g h o u t S e e S e c tio n 6 0 2 5 -• G ro u p A O c c u p a n c ie s w ith a n a s s e m b ly ro o m h a v in g a n a g g re g a te o c c u p a n t lo ad o f 1 .0 0 0 o r m o re sh a ll n o t b e lo c a te d in a b a se m e n t except m b u ild in g s o f T ype I o r T y p e ll-F .R c o n s tru c tio n S e e S e c tio n 3 0 3 2.2 ^ G r o u p A . D iv isio n 2 I O c c u p a n c ie s w ith a n o c c u p a n t lo ad o f 1.0 0 0 o r m o re shall n o t b e lo c a te d in T y p e V c o n s tr u c tio n S e e S e c tio n 303 2 2 I ^ E x i e n o r b e a rin g a n d n o n b e a rin g w a lls o f T y p e H I a n d T ype IV c o n s tru c tio n sh all b e c o n s tru c te d o f n o n c o m b u s tib le m a te r ia ls W h e n non b e a rin g w a lls o f T y p e UI and T ype IV c o n stru c tio n fro n t o n p u b lic w a y s o r yards h av in g a w id th o f at le a st 5 feet (1 5 2 4 m m ), a p p r o v e d flre -re ta rd a m -tre a te d w o o d fra m in g m ay b e u se d w ith in th e a s s e m b ly W h e re fire -rtta r d a n i-tre a ie d w o o d is u s e d , th e re q u ire d fire re s is ta n c e fo r th e e x t e n o r w a lls sh a ll b e m a in ta in e d a n d th e e x p o s e d o u te r an d in n er fa c e s o f su c h w a lls sh a ll b e n o n co m b u stib le S e e S e c u o n 5 0 3 4 3 W o o d c o lu m n s an d a r c h e s c o n f o rm in g to h e a v y -u m b e r sizes m ay b e u se d e x te rn a lly fo r w a lls lo ca te d 2 0 fe e t (6 0 9 6 m m ) o r m o re from the p ro p e rty line S e e S e a to n 5 0 3 4 4 24S e e S e a to n 3 0 2 .5 fo r h e a tin g e q u ip m e n t ro o m o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n re q u ir e m en ts A lso se e S e c u o n 303 8 fo r a d d itio n a l o p e n in g pro tectio n re q u ire m e n ts 54 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP A, DIVISION 4 OCCUPANCY G ro u p A, Division 4 O ccupancy Stadiums, reviewing stands and amusement park structures not included within other Group A Occupancies. Specif ic and general requirements for grandstands, bleachers and reviewing stands are to be found in Chapter 10 OF COMBUSTIBLE*1 F.A H.T. 13 500 (1254 m*) 9.100 (845 m*l 13.500 (1254 m*) 29 90C (2778 m*) Area (SQ ft-)' 10.500 (975 m*| 6 000 (557 m*> Stfe 160 (48 7 6 8 1 (16 764 mm) (16 764 mm) (19 812 mm) (15 240 mm) (12 192 mm) Bearing wan 1 Or < i o n (3048 mm) 4 hr 1 Hr 4 hr 4 hr < S n (1524 m m ) 2 hr < 2 0 ft (6096 mm) 1 hr < 4 0 ft (1 2 1 9 2 m m ) 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr < 2 0 ft. (6096 mm) 1 hr < 4 0 ft (12 192 mm) 1 hr < 10 ft (3048 mm) 1 hr < 10 ft (3048 m m ) Not permitted < 5 ft (1524 mmi Not permitted < 5 ft (1524 mm) 3/« h r <20 ft I */*hr < 10 ft */4 tu <20 ft (6096 mm) ) (3048 mm) (6096 mm) */«hr < 2 0 ft (6096m m ) J/4 hr < 1 0 ft (3048m m ) 2 hr 3 hr 1 hr 1 hr A-1 A-2. A-2-1 A-3 i No separation required No separation required Opening 1 hr 3 m 3 hr 3 hr Not m ore than 25* Not m ore than 25^« Wad or floor 4 hr 4 hr Opening No opem ngs permitted No openings permitted 2 hr 4 hr 4 hr 3 hr 3 hr Not m ore than 2 5 S Not m ore than 25% openings’ 1 hr Openings 1 nr Permanent partitions1 3 1 hr 1 hr or H T 1 hr R oors MT 1 hr 1 hr 1 h r 13 1 hr ’5 H T Structural fram e*4 3 hr ** 1 hr or H T 1 hr F R F ire re sistiv e L e ss th a n < H T N H e a v y tim b e r S e e S e c tio n 6 0 5 6 N o g e n e ra l re q u ire m e n t f o r fire re sista n c e ( Footnotes continued on fo llo w in g page ) 55 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1 A re a in d ic a te d ts th e b a sic a llo w a b le a re a fo r b u ild in g s o n e sto ry in height S ee S e c tio n 5 0 1 I S e e S ectio n 5 0 4 2 fo r a re a s o f b u ild in g s o v e r o n e story. S ection 5 0 4 3 fo r th e a r e a o f b u ild in g s w ith a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y . S e c tio n 5 0 4 4 fo r th e a r e a o f m e z z a n in e s a n d S e c tio n 5 0 5 f o r a llo w a b le a r e a in c re a se s 2S e e S e c tio n 2 0 9 fo r d e f in itio n o f b u ild in g h e ig h t. S e e S e c tio n 5 0 6 fo r e x c e p tio n s 3 R e g a rd le s s o f ty p e o f c o n s tru c tio n o r fire -re s is tiv e r e q u ir e m e n ts fo r e x te n o r w a lls , c e rta in e le m e n ts o f w a lls fro n tin g o n p u b lic w a y s o r y a rd s h a v in g a w id th o f a t least 4 0 feet (12 19 2 m m ) m ay b e c o n stru c te d o f co m b u stib le mate* n a ls . S e e S e c tio n 6 01 5 4. 4T h e su m o f th e area o f su ch o p e n in g s sh all n o t e x c e e d 5 0 p e rc e n t o f th e total area o f th e w a ll in e a c h sto ry S e e S e c tio n 5 0 3 .2 3A ll o p e n in g s in flo o rs fo rm in g a th rc e * b o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n shall b e pro* te c ie d by sh aft, stairw a y , ra m p o r e s c a la to r e n c lo su re s e x te n d in g above a n d b e lo w su c h o p e n in g s T h e w a lls o f s u c h e n c lo s u r e s s h a ll n o t b e o f less th an tw o -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e c o n s tru c tio n w ith a ll o p e n i n p th e re in p ro tec ted b y a fire a s s e m b ly h a v in g a o n e - an d o n e - h a lf-h o u r lire - p ro te c tio n ra u n g S ee S e c tio n 3 0 2 3 . Ite m 2 E X C E P T I O N : W h e n th e w a lls o f su c h e n c lo s u r e e x te n d in g below th e th re e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n to th e fo u n d a tio n a re p ro v id e d w ith a firc -re sisn v e ra tin g o f n o t less th an th ree h ours w ith o p e n in g s th e re in p ro te c te d a s re q u ir e d fo r w a lls fo rm in g th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n s, th e e n c lo su re w a lls e x te n d in g a b o v e su c h flo o r used as the th re e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n m a y h a v e a o n e -h o u r flic - re s is tiv e ra tin g p r o v id e d 1 T h e o c c u p a n c y a b o v e is n o t re q u ir e d to b e o f T y p e 1 o r T y p e II fire -re s is tiv e c o n s tru c tio n , a n d 2 T h e e n c lo s u r e w a lls d o n o t e n c lo s e a n e x it sta irw a y , a ra m p o r an e s c a la to r re q u ir e d to h a v e e n c lo s u r e w a lls o f n o t le s s th an tw o -h o u r fu e -re s ts tiv e c o n s tru c tio n 6T h e to ta l w id th o f a ll o p e n i n p u i a n y s to ry s h a ll n o t e x c e e d 2 5 percen t o f th e w a ll le n g th m th a t sto ry an d n o s in g le o p e n in g sh a ll h a v e a n a re a g re ater th an 1 2 0 s q u a r e fe e t ( I I m 2 ) S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 .3 . Ite m 2 7A G ro u p H . D iv isio n 1 O c c u p a n c y is n o t p e rm itte d in a m ix e d occu p an cy b u ild in g S e e S e c tio n 3 0 7 .2 .8 G ro u p H . D iv is io n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s c o n ta in in g q u a n titie s o f h a z a rd o u s m a te ria ls in e x c e ss o f th o se s e t fo rth in T ab le 3-G shall b e lo ca te d in a o n e -sto ry b u ild in g u s e d fo r n o o th e r p u rp o s e a n d w hich is w ith o u t b a se m e n ts, c r a w l s p a c e s o r o th e r u n d e r-flo o r s p a c e s . S e e S e a to n 3 0 7 .2 9 • T h e fo llo w in g o c c u p a n c ie s n e e d n o t b e s e p a ra te d fr o m th e u s e s to w h ic h they are a c c e ss o ry 1 A sse m b ly ro o m s h a v in g a flo o r a r e a o f n o t o v e r 7 5 0 s q u a re feet (6 9 7 m 2 ) S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 .1 . E x c e p tio n 2.1 2. A d m in istra tiv e a n d c le ric a l o ffic e s a n d sim ila r ro o m s w h ic h in the a g g re g a te d o n o t e x c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e flo o r a re a o f th e m a jo r u se w hen not re la te d to G r o u p H . D iv is io n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s S e e S ectio n 3 0 2 1. E x c e p tio n 2 2 3 T h e k itc h e n se rv in g th e d in in g a r e a o f w h ic h it is a p a r t S e e Seaton 3 0 2 .1 . E x c e p tio n 2 4 ^ H o riz o n ta l a re a se p a ra tio n s a r e p e rm itte d o n ly b e tw e e n th e fo llo w in g o c c u p a n c y g ro u p s 1. A G r o u p S . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y a n d e ith e r a G r o u p A . D iv isio n 3. G r o u p B . G r o u p M o r a G r o u p R . D iv is io n 1 O c c u p a n c y 2 . A G r o u p S . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y a n d a G ro u p S . D iv is io n 4 o p en p a rk in g g a r a g e c o m p ly in g w ith S e c tio n 3 1 1 9 S e e S e c tio n 3 1 1.2 .2 fo r s p e c if ic re q u ir e m e n ts a n d lim ita tio n s ,0 W h e re a r e a s e p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b e tw e e n p o rtio n s o f a b u ild in g h av in g d if fe re n t ty p e s o f c o n s tru c tio n , th e m o s t re s tr ic tiv e r e q u ir e m e n ts shall g o v e rn S e e S e a i o n 601 W h e n a n a re a se p a ra tio n w a ll a ls o s e p a ra te s o c c u p a n c ie s th a t are required to b e se p a ra te d by a n o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n , th e m o s t re s tr ic tiv e re q u irem en ts o f e a c h s e p a ra tio n s h a ll a p p ly S e e S e c tio n 5 0 4 6 1 1 ‘T h e to ta l w id th o f all o p e n in g s in a n y sto ry sh all not e x c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e w a ll le n g th in th a t s to ry S e e S e a i o n 5 0 4 6 2 I2S c c S e c tio n s 71 1 .1 a n d 7 1 1 2 fo r e x c e p tio n s S e e S e a to n s 1 0 0 5 3 .3 2 a n d 1 0 0 5 3 3 5 fo r e x it e n c lo su re re q u ire m e n ts I3 In T y p e I a n d T y p e II c o n s tr u c tio n , fire -re ta rd a n t- tr e a te d w o o d a s d e f in e d in S e c tio n 2 0 7 m a y b e u s e d in th e a s s e m b ly p ro v id e d fire -re s is ta n c e re q u ir e m e n ts a re m a in ta in e d T h e u s e o f fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is n o t p e rm itte d in p a rtitio n s w h ic h a r e a p a r t o f a s h a f t e n c lo su re . S ee S e c tio n s 6 0 2 a n d 6 0 3 i4 S tr u a u r a l fra m e e le m e n ts in a n e x te n o r w a ll th at is located w h e re o p e n in g s are n o t p e rm itte d o r w h e r e p ro te c tio n o f o p e n in g s is re q u ire d sh a ll b e p ro te c te d a g a in st e x te rn a l fire e x p o s u r e a s r e q u ir e d f o r e x te n o r b e a n n g w a lls o r th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e , w h ic h e v e r is g r e a te r S e e T a b le 6 -A . F o o tn o te I ,3 R o o fs a n d th e ir m e m b e r s , o th e r th a n th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e , m a y b e o f u n p ro te c te d n onc o m b u s tib le m a te r ia ls w h e n e v e ry p a rt o f th e r o o f fra m in g , in c lu d in g th e stru ctu ra l fra m e , ts 25 fe et (7 6 2 0 n u n ) o r m ore a b o v e th e flo o r, balco n y o r g a lle ry im m e d ia te ly b e lo w H e a v y - n m b e r m em b e r s in a c c o rd a n c e w ith S e c tio n 6 0 5 .6 m a y b e u s e d f o r s u c h u n p r o ie a e d m e m b e rs in o n e -sto ry b u ild ings. l6W h e n ev e ry p a rt o f th e s t r u a u r a l fra m e w o rk o f th e ro o f is n o t less th a n 25 feet (7 6 2 0 m m ) a b o v e a n y flo o r, b a lc o n y o r g allery , fire p ro te c tio n o f a ll m em b e rs o f th e r o o f c o n s tr u c tio n , in c lu d in g th o s e o f th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e , m a y b e o m itte d . H e a v y -u m b e r m e m b e r s in a c c o rd a n c e w ith S e a i o n 6 0 5 6 m ay b e u s e d fo r s u c h u n p r o te c te d m e m b e rs in o n e -s to ry b u ild in g s W h e re ev e ry p a n o f th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e w o rk o f the ro o f is m o re th an 18 feet (5 4 8 6 m m ) a n d le ss th a n 2 5 fe e t (7 6 2 0 m m ) a b o v e a n y flo o r, b a lc o n y o r g a l le ry . th e r o o f c o n s t n i a i o n s h a ll b e p ro te c te d by a c e ilin g o f n o t le s s th a n o n e - h o u r f tre -re s ts n v e c o n s tr u c tio n S e e S e c tio n s 6 0 2 .5 a n 6 0 3 .5 ,7 S e e S e c tio n 5 0 8 f o r p e r m itte d s u b s titu tio n o f a n a u to m a tic s p rin k le r sy ste m w h e re o n e - h o u r fir e - r e s is tiv e c o n s tr u c tio n ts re q u ire d th ro u g h o u t p ro v id e d su c h s y s te m is n o t o th e r w is e re q u ir e d th ro u g h o u t th e b u ild in g •*A tw o -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n is p e r m itte d w h e n th e G ro u p S . D iv is io n 3 O c c u p a n c y is u s o l e x c lu s iv e ly f o r th e p a r k in g o r sto ra g e o f p riv a te o r plea- s u re -ty p e m o to r v e h ic le s p ro v id e d n o re p a ir o r fu e lin g is d o n e S e e S e a i o n 3 0 2 .4 . E x c e p tio n I l* T h e ro o f-fra m in g s y s te m f o r o n e - s to r y p o rtio n s o f b u ild in g s o f T y p e II O n e -h o u r. T y p e III O n e - h o u r o r T y p e V O n e -h o u r c o n s tn ia io n m a y b e o f u n p ro te c te d c o n s tru c u o n w h e n su c h ro o f -fr a m in g system is o p e n to th e assem bly a r e a a n d d o e s n o t c o n ta in c o n c e a le d s p a c e s . S e e S e c tio n 3 0 3 2 2 20A G ro u p A . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y lo c a te d o v e r u sab le sp a c e sh a ll b e sep a rate d fr o m su ch sp a c e by n o t le s s th a n o n e - h o u r fire -re sistiv e c o n stru c tio n S e e S e c u o n 3 0 3 .2 .2 .2 . 21A G r o u p A . D iv is io n 3 O c c u p a n c y lo c a te d in a b a se m e n t s h a ll n o t b e o f less th a n o n e -h o u r fir e - r e s is tiv e c o n s t n i a i o n S e e S e a io n 3 0 3 2 2 2 ^ E x t e n o r b e a n n g a n d n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T y p e III a n d T y p e IV c o n s tn ia io n sh a ll b e c o n s m ia c d o f n o n c o m b u s tib le m a te ria ls W h e n n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T y p e III and T y p e IV c o n s tru c tio n fr o n t o n p u b lic w ays o r y ard s h av in g a w idth o f a t least 5 fe e t (1 S 2 4 m m ), a p p r o v e d fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d fra m in g m a y b e u se d w ith in th e a s s e m b ly W h e r e fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is u sed , th e re q u ire d fire r e s is ta n c e fo r th e e x t e n o r w a lls sh a ll b e m a in ta in e d a n d th e e x p o s e d o u te r an d in n e r fa c e s o f su c h w a lls sh a ll be n o n c o m b u stib le S e e S e c tio n 5 0 3 4 3 W o o d c o lu m n s a n d a r c h e s c o n f o r m in g to h e a v y -u m b e r siz e s m a y b e u se d e x te rn a lly fo r w a lls lo c a te d 2 0 fe et (6 0 9 6 m m ) o r m o re fro m th e p ro p e rty line S e e S e c tio n 5 0 3 4 4 23F o r sp e c ia l p ro v is io n s o n h ig h ly to x ic m a te ria ls, see th e F ire C o d e . S e e T ab le 3 -B . F o o tn o te 2 ^ A fo u r-h o u r a r e a s e p a ra tio n w a ll is r e q u ir e d b etw e en a liq u id s to ra g e w a re h o u s e (G ro u p H . D iv is io n 3 O c c u p a n c y ) a n d all o th e r u se s S e e S e a io n 30 7 1.5 23S e e S e a io n 3 0 2 .5 f o r h e a tin g e q u ip m e n t ro o m o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n re q u ir e m e n ts. A ls o se e S e c tio n 3 0 3 8 fo r a d d itio n a l o p en in g p r o te a io n re q u ire m e n ts 56 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP B OCCUPANCY ( • r o u p B O c c u p a n c y . C r o u p B O c c u p a n c i e s s h a l l i n c l u d e b u i l d i n g s , s t r u c t u r e s , o r p o r tio n s t h e r e o f , f o r o f f ic e , p r o f e s s i o n a l o r s e r v i c e - t y p e t r a n s a c tio n s . w h ic h a r e n o t c l a s s i f i e d a s C r o u p H O c c u p a n c i e s . S u c h o c c u p a n c i e s i n c l u d e o c c u p a n c ie s f o r t h e s t o r a g e o f r e c o r d s a n d a c c o u n t s , a n d e a t in g a n d d r in k i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w i t h a n o c c u p a n t l o a d o f l e s s t h a n 5 0 . S e e S e a i o n 3 0 4 . 1 f o r a li s t o f b u s i n e s s e s i n c l u d e d in th i s o c c u p a n c y . TYRE OP | TYRE 1 TYREB TYRE H | TYREW | TYRE V PtSTRUCnON IT It NONCOMBUSTIBLE COMBUSTIBLE** SUBJECT F.R. FR. 1-H R N 1-HR N H.T. 1-HR. N Area | jj (SQ ft | L 3 9 9 0 0 (3707 m*) 16.000 (1672 m*) 12.000 (1115 m*) 18.000 (1672 m*) 12.000 (1115 m*) 18.000 (1672 m*) 14 000 (1301 m*) 8 0 0 0 (743 m*» Sue2' Stones 12 4 2 4 2 4 3 2 Hetgnt (ft 1 160 (46 766 mm) 65 (19 812 mm) 55 (16 764 mm) 65 (19812 mm) 55 (16 764 mm) 65 (1 9 8 1 2 mm) 50 (15 240 m m ) 40 (12 192 mm) Bearing wan 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr 2 5 ft (1524m m ) 1 hr 1 h r < 20 f t ?3 (6096 m m ) 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr 2 5 ft (1524 mm) 1 hr 1 hr < 20 ft (6096 mm) U tenor protection3 Nonbeanng wall 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr <20 ft (6096 mm) 1 hr < 4 0 ft (12 192 mm) 1 hr < 40 ft (12 192 mm) I h r <20 f t *3 (6096 m m ) 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr < 2 0 ft (6096 mm) I h r < 4 0 ft (1 2 1 9 2 m m ) 1 hr 1 hr < 20 ft (6096 mm) Not permitted < 5 f t (1524 mm) Not permitted < 5 ft (1524 mm) 3/< hr < 2 0 ft (6096 mm) V4 h r <10 ft (3048 mm) 3/« h r < 2 0 ft (6096m m ) 3/< hr < 1 0 ft (3048 m m, Bearing wall 3 hr 2 hr 1 hr " 1 hr - I h r > 0 C C A-3 F-2 M S -t S-2 i j No separation required No separation required p A N A-2 A-2 A-4 E M -3» M-4 H-S H-6 Wail or floor 1 hr 1 hr I Y Opening i » 1 hr I N S E P A H-7?6 R S-3 S-5 u -t Percentage of opening No hnvtaticn No hrmtahon E R R i Wan cr floor 2 hr 2 hr 0 M -2 1 Opening IV , h r 1V , hr * 0 f Percentage ot opening No limitation No bmrtJDon R ? 2 1 2t Wall or floor5 3 hr 3 hr E X AT Opening 3 hr 3 hr C T Percentage ot opening6 Not m ore th an 25 V Not more than 25% 0 Wan 4 hr 2 hr 4 hr 2 hr H Area separation Opening 3 hr I V , hr 3 hr hr wall* Percentage of openings” Not m ore than 25% Not more than 25% Shan Wan 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr enclosure’* Openings IV , hi 1 hr 1 hr Permanent partitions’ 3 “ 1 hr 1 hr N 1 hr N 1 hr or H T 1 hr N Floors l 2 hr 1 hr N 1 hr N H T 1 hr N Roofs 2 hr 1 hr »« 1 h r 1 6 N 1 h r 1 5 N HT 1 h r 1 5 N Structural fram e’ 4 3 hr 1 6 2 h r 1 6 l h r ’ 6 N 1 hr N 1 hr or H T 1 hr N F k = F ire re s is tiv e < = L e s s th a n H T = H c 3 \> tim b e r S e e S e c tio n 6 0 5 6 k = E q u a l to o r g re a te r th a n N s N o g e n e ra l re q u ire m e n t fo r fire re sista n c e (Footnotes continued on fo llo w in g page.} 57 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 'A r e a in d /caied u tn c b a sic a llo w a b le a re a fo r b u iJd m g v o n e wory m n e ig h t S ee S e c u o n '0 * I S ee S ecu o n 50* 2 for a reas o f b u d d in g * o v e r o n e s io ry Section 5 04 3 fo r th e a re a o f b u ild in g s w ith a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y S e c tio n 5 0 4 4 fo r the a re a o f m ez zan in es a n d S e c tio n SOS fo r a llo w a b le a r e a in c re a se s • S e e S ectio n 209 fo r d e f in itio n o f b u ild in g h e ig h t S e e S ection 5 0 6 fo r e x c e p tio n s ^R eg ard le ss o f ty p e o f c o n s tru c tio n o r fire -re s is tiv e re q u ir e m e n ts fo r e x te n o r w a lls, certain e le m e n ts o f w a lls fro n tin g o n p u b lic w a y s o r y ard s h a v in g a w id th o f at least 40 feet (12 192 rm m m a y b e c o n s tru c te d o f co m b u stib le m ate rials S ee S ectio n 601 5 4 4T h e su m o f (he area o f such o p e n in g s shall n o t e x c e e d 5 0 p ercen t o f th e to tal area o f th e w all in e a c h sto ry S e c S e c tio n 5 0 5 2 5 A ll o p en in g s in flo o rs fo rm in g a th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n sh a ll b e pro te c te d by shaft, stairw ay, ra m p o r esc a la to r e n c lo su re s e x te n d in g a b o v e a n d b e low su c h o p en in g s T h e w a lls o f su c h e n c lo s u r e s sh a ll n o t b e o f le ss than tw o -h o u r fu r -re s is tiv e c o n s tru c tio n w ith a ll o p e n in g s th e re in p ro te c te d by a fire assem bly h av in g a o n e - a n d o n e -h a lf-h o u r fire -p ro te c tio n ratin g S e e S ec u o n 3 0 2 3. h e m 2 E X C E P T I O N : W h e n th e w a lls o f su c h e n c lo s u r e e x te n d in g below th e th ree -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n to th e fo u n d a tio n are p ro v id ed w ith a fire -re sistiv e ra tin g o f not less th a n th re e h ours w ith o p en in g s th erein p ro te c te d a s re q u ire d f o r w a lls fo r m in g th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n cy separations, th e e n c lo su re w a lls e x te n d in g a b o v e su c h flo o r u se d as the th ree -h o u r fire -re sistiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n m ay h a v e a o n e -h o u r fire -re ststiv e ra tin g p ro v id e d 1 T he o c c u p a n c y a b o v e is n o t re q u ire d t o b e o f T y p e 1 o r T ype (( flre -re sistiv e c o n s tru c tio n an d 2 T he e n c lo su re w a lls d o n o t e n c lo s e an e x it sta irw a y , a ra m p o r an e sc alato r re q u ire d to h a v e e n c lo s u r e w a lls o f n o t less th an tw o -h o u r fire -re sistiv e c o n stru c tio n * T h e to ta l w idth o f all o p e n i n p in an y sto ry sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f the w a ll length in th a t story a n d n o s in g le o p e m n g sh a ll h a v e a n a re a g re a te r than 120 sq u a re feet ( I I m - ) S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 3. Ite m 2 ‘A C ro u p H . D ivision I O c c u p a n c y is not p e rm itte d in a m ix ed occu p an cy b u ild in g S ee Section 3 0 ? 2 8 G ro u p H . D iv isio n * 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s co n ta in in g q u a n titie s o f hazard o u s m ateria ls m e x c e ss o f th o se se t fo rth in T able *-G shall b e located in a o n e-sto ry b u ild in g used fo r n o o th e r p u rp o s e an d w h ich is w ith o u t basem ents, c ra w l s p a c e s o r o th e r u n d e r-flo o r s p a c e s S e e S e c tio n 3 0 ? 2 9 A four-hour are a s e p a ra tio n w a ll is re q u ire d b e tw e e n a liq u id sto ra g e w a re h o u se (G ro u p H . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y i a n d a ll o th e r u se s S e e S ection 3 0 7 1 5 F o r special p ro v isio n s o n highly to x ic m a te ria ls (G ro u p H . D iv isio n 7 O c cu p an c y i. see th e F ire C o d e S ee T a b le 3 -B . F o o tn o te 2 * T h e fo llo w in g o c c u p a n c ie s n e e d n o t b e s e p a ra te d fr o m th e u ses to w h ic h they a re accessory 1 A ssem bly ro o m s h a v in g a flo o r a r e a o f n o t o v e r 7 5 0 sq u a re fe et (6 9 7 m -> S ee S e c tio n 302 1. E x c e p tio n 2 I 2 A d m in istrativ e an d c ie n c a l o ffic e s a n d sim ila r ro o m s w hich in th e aggre g a te do not ex c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e flo o r a re a o f th e m ajo r u se w h e n no( re la ted to G ro u p H . D iv is io n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s S e e S e c tio n 302 I. E x ce p tio n 2 2 ’ W h e n an area sep a ratio n w all a ls o se p a ra te s o c c u p a n c ie s th a t are re q u ire d to be se p a ra te d by an o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n , th e m o st re s tr ic tiv e re q u ire m e n ts o f e a c h separation sh all ap p ly S e e S e c tio n 5 0 4 6 I t0 W h e rc area se p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b e tw e e n p o rtio n s o f a b u ild in g h a v in g d if fe re n t ty p es o f c o n s tru c tio n , th e m o st re s tr ic tiv e re q u ir e m e n ts sh a ll govern S e e S ectio n 601 1 'T h e to ta l w id th o f all opening» in any story sb jJI n o t ex c ee d 25 p e rc e n t «*r th e w a ll le n g th in th at story S e e S e c tio n 5 0 4 1 > 2 '• S e e S e c tio n s 711 I an d 7 1 1 .2 fo r e x c e p tio n s S e e S e c tio n s 1005 3 3 2 a n d 1 005 3 3 5 fo r e x it en c lo su re re q u ir e m e n t' ,3 ln T y p e I a n d T y p e II c o n s t n i a i o n . fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d av d e fin e d in S e a i o n 2 0 7 m ay b e u s e d in th e a sse m b ly , p ro v id e d fire -re sista n cc r e q u ir e m e n ts a r e m a in ta in e d T h e u s e o f fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w ood iv not p e rm u te d in p a r titio n s w h ic h a re a p a r t o f a s h a f t e n c lo su r e S ee S ectio n * 6 0 2 I an d 6 0 3 1 >4S tr o a u r a l fra m e e le m e n ts in an e x te rio r w all th at is located w here o p e n in g s a rc n o t permitted or w h e re p r o te c tio n o f o p e n in g s is re q u ired shall b e p ro te c te d a g a in st e x te rn a l fire e x p o s u r e a s re q u ire d fo r e x te n o r b e a n n g w all* o r th e s t r u a u r a l fra m e , w h ic h e v e r is g re a te r S e e T a b le 6 -A . F ootnote 1 ,5 R o o fs a n d th e ir m e m b e r s , o th e r th a n th e stru c tu ra l fram e, m ay b e o f u n p ro te c te d n o n c o m b u s tib le m a te r ia ls w h e n ev e ry p a n o f th e ro o f fram in g , in c lu d in g th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e , is 2 5 feet <7620 m m i o r m o re above the floor, balco n y o r g a lle ry im m e d ia te ly b e lo w H e a v y -u m b e r m e m b e rs in a c c o rd a n c e w ith S e c tio n 6 0 5 m a y b e u s e d f o r s u c h u n p ro te c te d m e m b e rs in o n e-sto ry b u ild in g s l6W h e n ev e ry p a rt o f th e stru c tu ra l fra m e w o rk o f th e ro o f is not less than 25 feet (7 6 2 0 m m i a b o v e an y flo o r, b a lc o n y o r g allery, fire pro tectio n o f all m em b er* o f th e ro o f c o n s t n i a i o n . in c lu d in g th o s e o f th e stru ctu ral fram e, m ay b e o m itte d H e a v y -u m b e r m e m b e rs in a c c o rd a n c e w ith S ection 605 m ay b e uved fo r su c h u n p r o te a e d m e m b e r s in o n e -sto ry b u ild in g * W h e r e ev e ry p a n o f th e s tr u a u r a l fram ew o rk o f the roof tv m ore than 18 tcct (5 4 8 6 m m I a n d le s s th a n 2 5 fe et (7 6 2 0 m m i a b o v e any floor, balcony o r gal lery . th e r o o f c o n s t n i a i o n sh a ll b e p ro te c te d b y a ce d in g o f n o t le ss th a n o n e - h o u r fire -re s is tiv e c o n s tru c tio n S e e S e c tio n s 6 0 2 5 and 6 0 3 5 l7 S c e S e c tio n 5 0 8 fo r p e r m itte d s u b s titu tio n o f a n au to m atic s p n n ile r s y s te m w h e re o n e - h o u r f ire -re s is tiv e c o n s tn ia io n is re q u ire d th ro u g h o u t p ro v id e d su c h s y s te m is n o t o th e r w is e re q u ir e d th ro u g h o u t th e building '* A tw o -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a r a tio n is p e rm itte d w h e n th e G ro u p S . D iv ts io n 3 O c c u p a n c y is u s e d e x c lu s iv e ly f o r th e p a rk in g o r sto rag e o f p n v a te o r p lea - s u re -ty p e m o to r v e h ic le s p ro v id e d n o re p a ir o r fu e lin g is d o n e S ee S e a i o n 3 0 2 4 . E x c e p tio n I |QT h e ro o f-fr a m in g s y s te m f o r o n e -s to ry p o rtio n s o f b u ild in g s o f T y p e II O n e - h o u r. T y p e IK O n e -h o u r o r T y p e V O n e -h o u r c o n s tn ia io n m ay b e o f u n p r o t e a e d c o n s tru c tio n w h e n s u c h ro o f -fr a m in g s y s te m is o p en lo th e a sse m b ly a r e a a n d d o e s n o t c o n ta in c o n c e a le d s p a c e s S e e S e c tio n 303 2 2 * °S p a c e u n d e r a G ro u p A . D iv isio n 4 O c cu p an c y u se d for any p urpose, in clu d in g m e a n s o f e g re s s , sh all b e s e p a ra te d fro m all p a rts o f such G roup A . D iv isio n 4 O c c u p a n c y , in c lu d in g m e a n s o f e g r e s s , b y w a lls , flo o r an d c e ilin g o f n o t lev* th a n o n e - h o u r f ire -re s is tiv e c o n s tn ia io n M e a n s o f egresv u n d e r tem p o ra ry g ra n d s ta n d s n e e d n o t b e s e p a ra te d T h e u n d e r s id e o f co n tin u o u s vtecl d e c k g ra n d s ta n d s w h e n e r e a e d o u td o o rs n e e d not b e fire protected w h en o c c u p ie d fo r p u b lic to ile ts S e e S e c tio n 3 0 3 2 .2 3 • 'E x t e n o r b e a n n g a n d n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T ype III a n d T ype IV c o n s tn ia io n sh a ll b e c o n s tr u a e d o f n o n c o m b u s tib le m a te n a lv W hen n o n b e a n n g w all* of T y p e III an d T y p e IV c o n s tr u a to n front on p u b lic way* or yards h aving a w id th o f a t le a st 5 fe e t < 1 524 m m ), a p p r o v e d fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d fra m in g m ay b e u se d w ith in th e a s s e m b ly W h e re fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is u se d , th e re q u ir e d fire r e s is ta n c e fo r th e e x te n o r w a lls sh all be m a in ta in e d a n d th e e x p o s e d o u te r an d in n e r fa c e s o f su ch w a lls sh all be noncom bustible S ee Sew • u o n 5 0 3 4 3 W o o d c o lu m n s a n d a r c h e s c o n f o rm in g to h e a v y -u m b e r sizes m ay b e u se d e x te rn a lly fo r w a lls lo c a te d 2 0 fe et (6 0 9 6 m m ) o r m o re from the property line S e e S e a i o n 5 0 3 4 4 —S e e S e a i o n 3 0 2 .5 fo r h e a tin g e q u ip m e n t ro o m o c c u p a n c y sep a ratio n r e q u ir e m e n ts A lso s e e S e a io n 3 0 3 8 fo r ad d itio n a l o p e n in g protection re q u ire m e n ts 58 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP E, DIVISIONS 1, 2 AND 3 OCCUPANCIES C ro u p E« Division 1 O ccupancy. An> building used lor educational purposes through the 12th grade by 50 o r more persons for more than 12 hours per week or four hours in any one day G ro u p E. Division 2 O ccupancy. Any building used for educational purposes through the 12th grade by less than 50 persons for more than 12 hours per week or four hours in any one das G ro u p E, Division 3 O ccupancy. Any building or portion thereof used for day-care purposes for more than six persons TYPE OF TYPE 1 . . . T W E I TYPEtn 1 TYPE IV | TYPE V M S l itu ^ n o N IT NONCOMBUSTIBLE COMBUSTIBLE*3 SUBJECT r R. F.R. 1 4 A N 1-NR. N KT. 1 -MR N Area UQ ft I1 « 4 5 2 0 0 (4199 m2) 20.200 (1877 m2) 13.500 (1254 m2) 20.200 (1877 m2 ) 13.500 (1254 m2! 20.200 (1877 m2) 15.700 (1459 m2) 9.100 (845 m 2) Sue S tones19 4 2 2 2 2 1 Height m F ! 160 (4fl 766 mm) 65 (1 9 8 1 2 m m ) 55 (16 764 mm) 65 (19 812 mm) 55 (16 764 mm) 65 (1 9 8 1 2 mm) 50 (15 240 mm) 40 (12 192 m m i Bearing wall 4 hr 2 hr < 5 ft (1S 24m m ) 1 hr 2 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 nr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 1 hr < 10 ft (3048 mmi 4 hr 2 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 1 hr 2 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 1 hr < 10ft (3048 mm* Exterior protection1 23 NonOeartng wall e m 2 m m < 5 ft ft5 2 4 m m ) < 2 0 ft (6096 mm) < 4 0 ft (1 2 1 9 2 mm) 2 hr < 5 ft (1524 m m ) 1 hr < 4 0 tt (1 2 1 9 2 mm) 2 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 1 hr <10 ft (3048 mm) 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr < 2 Q tt (6096 mm) i h r < 4 0 ft (1 2 1 9 2 m m ) 2 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 1 hr 2 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 1 hr < 10ft (3046 mm> Openeig4 Not permitted < 5 ft (1S 24m m ) Not permitted < 511 (1524 m m ) yU hr < 2 0 ft (6096 mmi 3/4 h r < 10 ft (3046 mm) 3/4 hr < 2 0 ft (6096 mm) 2 /4 h r < l 0 t t (3048 mm) Bearing wan 3 hr 2 hr 1 h r * 1 hr 1 hr N 0 C c A-t A-2 A-2 A-3 A J j No separation r e t i r e d 1 No separation required p A B .M F-2 M Wall or floor t hr 1 hr c R S-t S-Z S-5 U-l Opening 1 hr 1 hr s Percentage of opening No limitation No limitation T E E P A H-6 Wall or floor1 3 hr 3 hr A H-72 4 S-32' Opening 3 nr 3 hr 0 R T 1 0 Percentage of opening1 Not m ore than 25% Not m ore than 25% P R 0 N* a n H-2 H-3 h -4 h-5 Wall or floor 4 hr I 4 hr | T f 2 S Opening No openings permitted No openings permitted C waii ’ 4 hr 2 hr 4 hr 2 hr l Area separation Opening ■ 3 nr I 1' , hr 3 hr l 'r 2 hr 0 N wait* '0 Percentage 1 n I openings' Not m ore than 25% Not m ore than 25% Shaft Wall 1 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr enclosure' 1 Openings j >’ '2 hr 1 hr 1 hr Permanent partitions1 1 | 1 hr 1 hr N 1 hr N 1 hr or H T 1 hr ] N Floors ! 2 hr 1 hr N th r N HT 1 hr | N Roofs i 2 m t 1 h r 16 I h r '« N 1 h r 1 1 N HT 1 h r 1 1 N i Structural tram e' 4 ! 3 m 2 h r 1 6 1 h r 16 N 1 hr N 1 hr or H T 1 hr « I F R = F ire re sistiv e < = L e s s th a n H T = H e av y u m b e r S e t S e c tio n 6 0 5 6 Z - E q u a l t o o r g re a te r th an N = N o g en eral re q u ire m e n t f o r fire re s is ta n c e (Footnotes continued on follow ing page.) 59 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ‘ A re a in d ic a te d is th e b a sic a llo w a b le a r e a fo r b u ild in g s o n e story in h eig h t S e e S e c tio n 5 04 I S e e S ectio n 5 0 4 2 fo r a re a s o f b u ild in g s o v e r o n e story. S ectio n 504 3 fo r th e a r e a o f b u ild in g s w ith a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y . S e c u o n 504 4 fo r th e a r e a o f m e z z a n in e s a n d S e c tio n SOS f o r a llo w a b le a r e a in c re a se s • S e e S e c tio n 2 0 9 fo r d e f in itio n o f b u ild in g h e ig h t S e e S e c u o n 5 0 6 fo r e x c e p tio n s ^ R e g a rd le ss o f ty p e o f c o n s tru c tio n o r fire -re s is tiv e re q u ire m e n ts fo r e x te n o r w a lls, c e rta in e le m e n ts o f w a lls fro n tin g o n p u b lic w a y s o r y ard s h a v in g a w id th o f at least 4 0 leet (12 192 m m ) m ay b e c o n stru c te d o f e o m b u su b le m a te rials S e e S e c tio n 6 0 1 5 4 4T h e sum o f th e area o f su ch o p e n i n p sh all n o t ex c e e d 5 0 p ercen t o f the to tal area o f th e w a ll in e a c h sto ry S e e S e c tio n 5 0 3 2 5 A ll o p e n in g s in flo o rs fo rm in g a th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n sh all b e p ro te c te d by sh aft, stairw ay, ra m p o r e s c a la to r e n c lo su re s e x te n d in g above a n d b e low- s u c h o p e n i n p T h e w a lls o f s u c h e n c lo s u r e s sh a ll n o t b e o f le ss th a n tw o -h o u r fin e -re sistiv e c o n s tru c tio n w ith a ll o p e n i n p th e re in p ro te c te d by a fire a sse m b ly h a v in g a o n e - a n d o n e - h a lf-h o u r fire -p ro tc c u o n ra u n g . S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 3. Ite m 2 E X C E P T I O N : W h e n th e w a lls o f su c h e n c lo s u r e e x te n d in g b elo w th e th re e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n to th e fo u n d a u o n a re p ro v id e d w ith a fire -re sisu v e ra tin g o f n o t less th an th ree hours w ith o p e n in g s th e re in p ro te c te d a s re q u ir e d fo r w a lls fo rm in g th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y sep a ratio n s, th e e n c lo su re w a lls e x te n d in g a b o v e su ch flo o r u se d a s th e th re e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n m ay h a v e a o n e - h o u r fire -re s is tiv e ra tin g p ro v id e d 1 T h e o c c u p a n c y a b o v e ts n o t re q u ire d to b e o f T y p e I o r T y p e II fire -re s is tiv e c o n s tru c u o n . a n d 2 T h e e n c lo s u r e w a lls d o n o t e n c lo s e a n e x it sta irw a y , a ra m p o r a n e s c a la to r re q u ire d to h a v e e n c lo s u r e w a lls o f n o t le ss th an tw o -h o u r f ire -re s is n v e c o n s tru c tio n * T h e to tal w id th o f a ll o p e n i n p in an y sto ry sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e w a ll le n g th in th a t story a n d n o s in g le o p e n in g s h a ll h a v e an a re a g re a te r th a n 120 s q u a r e fe et ( I I m - i S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 3. Ite m 2 'A C ro u p H . D iv isio n I O c c u p a n c y is n o t p e rm itte d in a m ix ed occ u p an c y b u ild in g S e e S e c tio n 307 2 .8 C ro u p H . D iv is io n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s c o n ta in in g q u a n titie s o f h a z a rd o u s m a te n a ls in e x c e ss o f th o se set fo rth in T able 3 -C shall be lo ca te d m a o n e-sto ry b u ild in g u sed fo r n o o th e r p u rp o se an d w hich is w ith o u t b a s e m e n ts , craw I s p a c e s o r o th e r u n d e r-flo o r s p a c e s S e e S ectio n 3 0 7 2 .9 8T h e fo llo w in g o c c u p a n c ie s n e e d n o t b e s e p a ra te d fro m th e u ses to w h ic h they a re a c ce sso ry 1 A sse m b ly ro o m s h a v in g a flo o r a r e a o f n o t o v e r 7 5 0 sq u are fe e t (6 9 7 m -> S e e S e c tio n 302 I . E x c e p tio n 2 I 2 A d m in istr a tiv e an d cle rical o ff ic e s a n d sim ila r ro o m s w h ich in th e a g g re g a te d o n o t e x c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e flo o r a re a o f th e m ajo r use w h e n not re la te d to C r o u p H . D iv is io n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s S ee S ectio n 3 0 2 1. E x c e p tio n 2 2 3 T h e k itc h e n s e rv in g th e d in in g a r e a o f w h ic h it is a p a rt S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 I. E x c e p tio n 2 4 ’ H o riz o n ta l a r e a s e p a ra tio n s a re p e r m itte d o n ly b e tw e e n th e fo llo w in g o c c u pancy g ro u p s 1 A C ro u p S . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y a n d e ith e r a C ro u p A . D iv isio n 3. G r o u p B . G r o u p M . o r a C r o u p R . D iv is io n I O c c u p a n c y 2 A C ro u p S . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y a n d a C r o u p S . D iv isio n 4 o p e n p a r k in g g a r a g e c o m p ly in g w ith S e c tio n 3 1 ! 9 S e e S e c tio n 311 2 2 fo r s p e c if ic re q u ir e m e n ts a n d lim ita tio n s ‘° W h c re a re a s e p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b e tw e e n p o rtio n s o f a b u ild in g h a v in g d if fe ren t ty p e s o f c o n s tru c tio n , th e m o st re s tr ic tiv e re q u ire m e n ts sh all g o v e rn S ec S e c tio n 601 W h e n an a re a se p a ra tio n w a ll a lso s e p a ra te s o c c u p a n c ie s that are re quired to b e se p a ra te d by a n o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n , th e m o st re stric tiv e re q u irem en ts o f ea ch s e p a ra tio n s h a ll ap p ly S e e S e c tio n 5 0 4 6 1 1 ‘T h e to ta l w id th o f a ll o p e n in g s in a n y s to ry sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 2 5 p e rc e n t o f th e w all le n g th in th a t sto ry S e c S e c tio n 5 0 4 6 2 S ee S e c tio n s 711 I a n d 711 2 f o r e x c e p tio n s In b u ild in g s e q u ip p e d w ith a n a u to m a tic s p rin k le r sy ste m th ro u g h o u t, e s c a lators n ee d not b e e n c lo se d w h e n d ra ft c u rta in s a n d fire sp rin k le rs are in sta lle d p e r S e c u o n 3 0 4 6 S e e S e c tio n s 1 0 0 5 3 3 2 a n d 1 0 0 9 5 3 3 5 fo r e x it e n c lo s u r e re q u ire m e n ts ,3 In T y p e I a n d T y p e II c o n s tru c tio n , fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d a s d e f in e d in S e c tio n 2 0 7 m a y b e u s e d in th e a sse m b ly , p ro v id e d f ir e - r e s is u n c e r e q u ir e m e n ts a r e m a in ta in e d T h e u s e o f fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is n o t p e rm itte d u i p a r titio n s w h ic h a r e a p a rt o f a s h a ft e n c lo su re . S e e S e c tio n s 6 0 2 . 1 a n d 6 0 3 .1 ‘S tr u c t u r a l fra m e e le m e n ts in a n e x te n o r w a ll th a t ts lo ca te d w h e re o p e n in g s are n o t p e r m itte d o r w h e r e p ro te c tio n o f o p e n in g s is re q u ire d s h a ll b e p ro te c te d a g a in st e x te rn a l f ir e e x p o s u r e a s re q u ire d f o r e x te n o r b e a n n g w a lls o r th e s t r u a u r a l f r a m e , w h ic h e v e r is g re a te r. S e e T a b le 6 -A . F o o tn o te I ‘^ E x c e p t ui re ta il sa le s a n d sto ra g e a re a s c la ssifie d as G ro u p s M an d S . D iv isio n I O c c u p a n c ie s , a n d in C r o u p H O c c u p a n c ie s , ro o fs a n d (h e ir m e m b e r s o th e r th a n th e s tru c tu ra l f r a m e m a y b e o f u n p ro te c te d n o n c o m b u s tib le m a te n a ls w h e n e v e ry p a n o f th e r o o f fra m in g , in c lu d in g th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e , is 25 feet (7 6 2 0 m m ) o r m o r e a b o v e th e flo o r, b a lc o n y o r g a lle ry im m e d ia te ly b elo w H e a v y -u m b e r m e m b e r s in a c c o rd a n c e w ith S e a i o n 6 0 5 6 n u y b e u s e d fo r s u c h u n p r o t e a e d m e m b e rs in o n e - s to r y b u ild in g s ,6 ln a n a tn u m . w h e n e v e ry p a n o f (h e s tr u a u r a l fram ew o rk o f th e ro o f is n o t less th a n 25 T e a ( 7 6 2 0 m m ) a b o v e a n y flo o r, b a lc o n y o r g allery , fire p ro te c tio n o f a ll m e m b e r s o f th e r o o f c o n s tru c tio n , in c lu d in g th o s e o f d ie s tr u a u r a l fra m e , m a y b e o m itte d . H e a v y - tim b e r m e m b e rs u i a c c o rd a n c e w ith S e a i o n 6 0 5 6 m a y b e u s e d f o r s u c h u n p ro te c te d m e m b e rs in o n e -sto ry b u ild in g s S e e S e c tio n s 6 0 2 .5 a n d 6 0 3 .5 . l7 S e e S e a i o n 5 0 8 f o r pe r m itte d su b s titu tio n o f a n a u to m a tic s p rin k le r s y s te m w h e re o n e - h o u r f ire -re s is tiv e c o n s t n i a i o n is re q u ire d th ro u g h o u t p ro v id e d s u c h s y s te m t s n o t o th e rw is e r e q u ir e d th ro u g h o u t th e b u ild in g ‘• S e c S e c tio n 4 0 3 f o r s p e c ia l r e q u ir e m e n ts f o r h tg h -n s e o ff ic e a n d re s id e n tia l b u ild in g s i9 S c e S e c u o n 3 0 4 .2 .2 .1 f o r la b o ra to rie s , v o c a tio n a l sh o p s a n d s im ila r a re a s co n - ta m in g h a z a rd o u s m a te n a ls . 20F o r C r o u p F. D iv is io n I w o o d w o r k in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts , w ith m o re th a n 2 .5 0 0 sq u a r e fe e t ( 2 3 2 tn 2 ). th e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n sh a ll b e o n e h o u r 21 A n a p p ro v e d s p r a y b o o th c o n s tru c te d in a c c o rd a n c e w ith th e F ire C o d e n e e d n o t b e s e p a ra te d fro m C ro u p s B . F. H . M o r S O c c u p a n c ie s S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 1. E x c e p tio n 1 ^ S e e S e c u o n 6 0 1 .5 .2 f o r e x c e p tio n s u N o fire -re s is tiv e tim e p e r io d ts re q u ir e d fo r a n e x te n o r w a ll o f a o n e -s to ry b u ild in g p ro v id e d (h e flo o r a re a d o e s n o t ex c e e d ! .0 0 0 sq u a re fe et (9 3 m 2 1 an d p ro v id e d s u c h w a ll is lo c a te d n o t le s s th a n 5 fe et (1 5 2 4 m m ) fro m a p ro p e rty lin e . S e e S e c tio n 5 0 3 4 .2 24E x te n o r b e a n n g a n d n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T y p e III a n d T y p e IV c o n s tn ia io n s h a ll b e c o n s tr u a e d o f n o n c o m b u s tib le m a te n a ls W h e n e x te n o r w a lls o f T y p e III an d T y p e IV c o n s tru c tio n fro n t o n p u b lic w a y s o r y ard s h av in g a w id th o f at le a st 5 fe et (1 5 2 4 m m ), a p p ro v e d fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d fra m in g m ay be u s e d w ith in th e a s s e m b ly W h e re fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is u s e d , th e r e q u ire d fire re s is ta n c e fo r th e e x te n o r w a lls sh a ll b e m ain tain ed an d th e e x p o se d o u te r a n d in n e r fa c e s o f su c h w a lls sh all b e n o n c o m b u s tib le S e e S e a i o n 5 0 3 4 3 W o o d c o lu m n s a n d a r c h e s c o n f o rm in g to h e a v y -u m b e r s iz e s m a y b e u se d e x te rn a lly fo r w a lls lo c a te d 2 0 fe et (6 0 9 6 m m ) o r m o re fro m th e p ro p e rty line S e e S e c tio n 5 0 3 4 4 25A fo u r -h o u r a r e a s e p a ra tio n w a ll is re q u ire d b e tw e e n a liq u id s to ra g e w a r e h o u s e ( C r o u p H . D iv is io n 3 O c c u p a n c y ) a n d a ll o th e r u s e s S e c S e a io n 3 0 7 1.5 ^ F o r sp e c ia l p r o v is io n s o n h ig h ly to x ic m a te n a ls . see th e F ire C o d e S e e T ab le 3 -B . F o o tn o te 2 27S e e S e a i o n 4 0 4 5 1 f o r a r e a lim ita tio n s fo r a c c e ss o ry u s e s w ith in a c o v e re d m a ll b u ild in g 24S e e S e c u o n 4 0 4 .5 .2 f o r c o v e re d m a ll o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n s 29N o n f la m m a b le g a s c y lin d e r s fo r m e d ic a l g a s sy ste m s lo c a te d in s id e b u ild in g s s h a ll b e in a s e p a ra te ro o m o r e n c lo su re se p a ra te d fro m th e re s t o f th e b u ild in g b y n o t (ess th a n o n e - h o u r fire re s is tiv e c o n s tn ia io n S e e S e c tio n 4 1 0 fo r c o m p le te re q u ir e m e n ts ^ S e e S e a i o n 3 0 2 .5 fo r h e a tin g e q u ip m e n t ro o m o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n re q u ir e m e n ts 6 0 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP F, DIVISION 1 OCCUPANCY G roup F , Division 1 O ccupancy. Moderate-hazard factory and industrial occupancies shall include factory and industrial uses which are not classified as Group F. Division 2 Occupancies. See Section 306.1 for a list o f factory and industrial uses included within this occupancy. OF SUSJECT M.T. 39 900 13707 m*) 18.000 (1672 m*) 8.000 (743 mh Slones Stit 160 (48 768 mm) (1 9 8 1 2 (1 5 2 4 0 mm) (19 812 (1 2 1 9 2 mm) (16 764 mm) I h r <20 R » (6096 mm) 4 h r < 5 ft (1S24m m ) 2 hr i 5 ft (1524 m m ) 4 h r < 5 R (1524 m m ) 2 h r a 5 f t (1524 mm) 1 hr < 20 ft (6096 mm) 1 fir 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 m m ) 2 hr < 2 0 tt (6 096m m ) 1 hr < 4 0 R (1 2 1 9 2 m m ) 1 hr < 20 R » (6096 mm) 4 hr < SR. (1524 m m ) 2 hr. < 2 0 ft (6096m m ) I h r < 4 0 f t (12 192m m ) 1 h r < 40 R (12 192 mm) 1 hr < 20 ft (6096 mm) 1 hr Not permrtted < 5 R (1524 mm) Not perm uted < S ft (1524 mm) 3/< h r < 2 0 R (6096m m ) h r < 10 f t (3048 mm) I/4 h r < 1 0 f t (3048 mm) I/4 hr. < 20 f t (6096 m m ) Bea/mp 2 hr 3 hr 1 hr 1 hr I h r No separation required No se par ati on re q u ir e d Wan or door 1 hr 1 hr 1 hr 2 hr 2 hr H*2 Percentage of opening 3 hr 3 hr 3 hr 3 hr Percentage Not m ore than 25% Not m ore than 25% 2 hr Wall 2 hr 4 hr 4 hr Openmg 3 hr 3 hr Area separation w a l l 9 , f l Percentage Not m ore than 25% Not openings1 2 hr wan 1 hr Openings 1 hr t hr Permanent partitions’ 3 2 7 1 h r or H T 1 hr 1 hr 1 hr Roors H.T 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr 1 hr 13 « 1 h r « 1 h r t5 Roofs H T 3 hr *• 2 hr “ 1 h r or H T 1 hr F R F ire re s is tiv e < H T = H e av y tim b e r S e e S e c tio n 6 0 5 6 2 = E q u a l to o r g re a te r th a n N = N o g e n e ra l re q u ire m e n t f o r f ir r re s is ta n c e (Footnotes continued on fo llo w in g page.) 61 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ‘ A rea in d icated is th e b asic a llo w a b le ^ rc a to r b u ild in g s o n e sto ry in h eig h t S ec S e c tio n 5U* I S ee S ectio n 504 2 to r areas o f b u ild in g s o \ e r o n e story. S e c tio n 5 0 4 3 fo r th e a re a o f b u ild in g s w ith a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y . S e c tio n 5 04 4 fo r th e a re a o f m ez zan in es a n d S e c tio n 5 0 5 fo r a llo w a b le a r e a in c re a se s * S ee S e c tio n 204 fo r d e fin itio n o f b u ild in g h e ig h t S e e S ection 5 0 6 fo r e x c e p tio n s ^ R e g a rd le ss o f ty p e o f c o n s tru c tio n o r fire -re siv iiv e re q u ire m e n ts fo r e x te n o r w a lls, ce rtain e le m e n ts o f w a lls fro n tin g o n p u b lic w a y s o r y a rd s h a v in g a w id th o t at least 4 0 feet 112 (9 2 m m i m ay h e c o n stru c te d o f c o m b u stib le m a te rials S e c S ectio n 601 5 4 4T h e sum o f the area o f su ch o p en in g s shall not ex c e e d 50 percen t o f the to tal area o f th e w all in e a c h sto ry S ee S e c tio n 5 0 * 2 5A11 o p en in g s in flo o rs fo rm in g a th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n sh a ll b e p ro - t e a e d by shaft, stairw a y , ra m p o r e sc a la to r e n c lo su re s e x te n d in g a b o v e a n d b e low su c h o p e n in g s T h e w a lls o f s u c h e n c lo s u r e s sh a ll n o t b e o f le s s th a n tw o -h o u r fire -re sistiv e c o n s tru c tio n w ith a il o p e n in g s th e re in p ro te c te d b y a fire assem bly h a v in g a one- an d o n e -h a lf-h o u r ftre -p ro te c tio n ra tin g S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 3. Item 2 E X C E P T I O N : W h e n th e w a lls o f su c h e n c lo su re e x te n d in g b e lo w th e th re e -h o u r fire -re sistiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n to th e fo u n d a tio n a re pro v id ed w ith a fire-restvtive rating of n o t lev* th an th ree h o u rs w ith o p e n in g s th ere in p ro te c te d a s re q u ire d fo r w a lls fo rm in g th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n cy separations, th e en c lo su re w alls e x te n d in g a b o v e su ch flo o r u sed a s th e th ree -h o u r fire -re sistiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n m ay h a v e a o n e - h o u r fire -re sistiv e ra tin g prov id ed 1 T he o c c u p a n c y a b o v e is n o t re q u ire d to b e o f T y p e I o r T y p e II fire -re sistiv e c o n s tru c tio n , a n d 2 T h e e n c lo su r e w a lls d o not e n c lo s e a n e x it sta irw a y , a ra m p o r an e sc alato r re q u ire d to h a v e e n c lo su re w a lls o f not le s s th a n tw o -h o u r ftre -re sisttv e c o n stru c tio n ‘T h e to ta l w id th o f a ll o p e n in g s in any story sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e w a ll length in th a t story a n d n o s in g le o p e n in g s h a ll h a v e a n a re a g re a te r th a n 120 sq u are feet t i l m : ) S ee S e c tio n 3 02 3. Ite m 2 'A C ro u p H. D ivision 1 O c cu p an c y is not p e rm itte d in a m ix ed o cc u p an c y b u ild ing S ee Section 307 2 8 C ro u p H . D iv isio n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s c o n ta in in g q u a n titie s o f h az ard o u s m a te n a ls in excess o f th o se set forth in T a b le 3 -G sh all be located in a o n e-sto ry b u ild in g used fo r n o o th e r p u rp o se an d w h ich is w ith o u t basem ents, c ra w l s p a c e s o r o th e r u n d e r-flo o r s p a c e s S e c S e a t o n 3 0 7 2 9 • T h e fo llo w in g o c c u p a n c ie s n e e d n o t b e s e p a ra te d fro m th e u se s to w h ic h th ey are accessory 1 A ssem bly ro o m s h a v in g a flo o r a r e a o f n o t o v e r 7 5 0 sq u a re fe e t <69 7 m *) S ee S e c tio n 302 I. E x c e p tio n 2 I 2 A d m in istrativ e a n d d e n c a l o ffic e s a n d sim ila r ro o m s w h ic h in th e a g g r e g ate do not ex c e e d 25 p e rc e n t ot th e flo o r a re a o f th e m a io r u se w h e n not re la ted tn C ro u p H . D iv is io n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s S e e S e a io n 3 0 2 I. E x cep tio n 2 2 ’ W h e n an area sep a ratio n w all a lso sep a rate s o c c u p a n c ie s that a re re q u ire d to b e se p a ra te d by a n o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n th e m o st re s tric tiv e re q u ir e m e n ts o f e a c h sep aratio n sh a ll ap p ly S e e S e c tio n 5 0 4 6 I I0W h e re area se p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b etw e en p o rtio n s o f a b u ild in g h a v in g d i f fe re n t ty p es o f c o n s tru c tio n , th e m o st re s tr ic tiv e re q u ire m e n ts sh a ll g o v e r n S e e S ectio n 601 11 T h e totaJ w idth o f aJ) o p e n in g s m any story sh all n o t e x c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e w a ll len g th tn th a t sto ry S ee S e a i o n 5 0 4 6 2 12 S ee S e a to n s 7 | | | a n d 7 1 1 2 fo r e x c e p tio n s S e e S ections 1005 3 3 2 a n d 1005 3 3 5 fo r e x it e n c lo su r e re q u ire m e n ts l3 ln T y p e I an d T y p e U c o n stru c tio n , fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d a s d e f in e d tn S e c tio n 2 0 7 m ay b e u sed tn th e asse m b ly p ro v id e d fire -rc x ista n c e re q u ir e m e n is a re m a in ta in e d T h e u s e o f fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is n o t p e rm itte d in p a rtitio n s w h ic h a r e a p a n o f a sh aft e n c lo su re S e e S e a io n s 6 0 2 I a n d 6 0 3 I u S tn ia u r a l fram e e le m e n ts in an e x te n o r waJ! th at is lo ca te d w h ere o p e n in g s a re n o t p e rm itte d o r w h e re p ro te c tio n o f o p e n in g s is re q u ire d sh all b e p ro te c te d a g a in st ex te rn a l fire e x p o s u re as re q u ire d fo r e x ie n o r b e a n n g w a lls o r th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e , w h ic h e v e r is g re a te r S e e T a b le 6 -A . F o o tn o te I l5 R o o fs a n d th e ir m e m b e rs , o th e r th a n th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e , m ay b e o f u n p ro te c te d n o n c o m b u stib le m a te n a ls w h e n ev e ry p a n o f th e ro o f fra m in g , in c lu d in g th e stru ctu ral fram e, is 25 feet (7 6 2 0 m m i o r m ore a b o v e th e flo o r, b alc o n y o r g a lle ry im m e d ia te ly b e lo w H e a v y -tim b e r m e m b e rs in a c c o rd a n c e w ith S e a i o n 6 0 5 6 m ay b e u s e d fo r su c h u n p r o te a e d m e m b e rs in o n e -s to ry b u ild in g s JOW h e n e v e ry p a n o f th e s tr u a u r a l fram ew o rk o f th e r o o f ts n o t less th a n 2 5 feet (7 6 2 0 m m i a b o v e a n y floor, balco n y o r g a lle ry , fire p ro te c tio n o f a ll m e m b e rs o f th e ro o f c o n s tn ia io n . in c lu d in g th o s e o f th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e , m a y b e o m itte d H e a v y -u m b e r m e m b e rs in a c c o rd a n c e w ith S e c u o n 6 0 5 6 m ay b e u s e d f o r su c h u n p r o te a e d m e m b e rs tn o n e -sto ry b u ild in g s W h e re every p a rt o f th e s tru a u r a l fram ew ork o f the ro o f is m ore th a n 18 feet (5 4 8 6 m m i a n d le ss th a n 25 fe et (7 6 2 0 m m ) a b o v e an y flo o r, b a lc o n y o r g a l lery. th e ro o f c o n s tn ia io n sh a ll b e p r o te a e d by a c e ilin g o f n o t le s s th a n o n e - h o u r fire -re sisttv e c o n stru c tio n . S e e S e a io n s 6 0 2 .5 a n d 6 0 3 5 l7 S e c S e a i o n 5 0 8 fo r p e rm itte d su b s titu tio n o f a n a u to m a tic s p n n k le r s y s te m w h e re o n e -h o u r fire -re s ts tiv e c o n s tn ia io n is re q u ire d th ro u g h o u t p ro v id e d s u c h s y s te m ts n o t o th e rw is e re q u ire d th ro u g h o u t th e b u ild in g l l T h e flo o r area m ay b e in c re a se d 5 0 perce n t w h e n th e m ax im u m tra v e l d is ta n c e s p e c ifie d in S e a io n 1004 2 .5 is re d u c e d by SO pe rc e n t. S e e S e c tio n 3 0 5 .2 .1 ,9 G r o u p E . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c ie s an d ro o m s in a C ro u p E . D iv isio n I o r 2 O c c u p a n c y used fo r k in d e rg a rte n , first- o r s e c o n d -g ra d e p u p ils sh a ll n o t b e lo c a te d a b o v e th e firs t story S e e S e a io n 3 0 5 2 .3 fo r e x c e p tio n s ^ r o u p E . D iv isio n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s h a v in g an o c c u p a n t lo ad o f n o t m o re th a n 2 0 m ay h a v e e x te n o r w a ll an d o p e n in g p ro te c tio n a s re q u ire d fo r C ro u p R . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c ie s S e e T ab le 5 - A . F o o tn o te 6 -* A tw o -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n is p e rm itte d w h e n th e G ro u p S . D iv is io n 3 O c c u p a n c y is u s e d e x c lu siv e ly fo r th e p a r k in g o r s to ra g e of p riv a te o r p le a - s u re -ty p e m o to r v e h ic le s p ro v id e d n o r e p a ir o r fu e lin g is d o n e S e e S e a i o n 3 02 4 . E x c e p tio n I “ S e e S e c tio n s 3 0 5 .2 4 an d 1007.3 fo r la b o ra to rie s, v o c a tio n a l sh o p s a n d s im ila r a re a s c o n ta in in g h a z a rd o u s m a te n a ls - 3E x te n o r b e a n n g a n d n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T y p e III a n d T y p e IV c o n s t n i a i o n sh a ll b e c o n s tru a e d o f n o n co m b u stib le m a te n a ls W hen e x te n o r w a lls o f T y p e HI and T ype IV c o n stru c tio n fro n t o n p u b lic w a y s o r yards h av in g a w id th o f at le a st 5 f e a (1 5 2 4 n u n ) , a p p ro v e d fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d fram in g m ay b e u se d w ith in th e a s s e m b ly W h e re fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d ts u s e d , th e r e q u ire d fire re sistan c e for th e e x te n o r w a lls shall be m ain tain ed an d th e e x p o se d o u te r a n d in n e r fa c e s o f su c h w a ifs m u st b e n o n c o m b u stib le S e e S e a i o n 5 03 4 3 W o o d c o lu m n s a n d a rc h e s c o n fo rm in g to h e a v y -u m b e r siz e s m a y b e u se d e x te rn a lly for w a lls located 2 0 feet (6 0 9 6 m m ) o r m o re fro m th e p ro p e rly line S e e S e a i o n 503 4 4 24F o r sp e c ia l p ro v isio n s on h ig h ly to x ic m a te ria ls, se e th e F ire C o d e S e e T a b le 3 -B . F o o tn o te 2 ^ S e e S e a i o n 302 5 f o r b e a tin g eq u ip m e n t ro o m o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n r e q u ir e m e n ts A lso see S e c tio n 3 05 8 fo r ad d itio n al o p en in g p r o te a to n re q u ire m e n ts 62 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP F, DIVISION 2 OCCUPANCY G ro u p F, Division 2 O ccupancy. Low -hazard factory and industrial occupancies shall include facilities producing noncombusuble or nonexplosive matenals which, dunng finishing, packing or processing, do not involve a significant fire hazard. See Secuon 306.1 for a list of low.hazard products included within this occupancy ^ ------- -- TYPE OF 1 TYPEl | T Y P E i1* TYPE Rl | TYPE H T | TYPE V It SU tJECT N O N co ea tu sT ia u E COMSUSTWLC*0 F.R F.R. 144ft N 1-HR N H.T. 1-HR N Sue Area <sq It)* U N 59 900 (5565 m2) 27.000 (2508 m2) 18.000 (1672 m2) 27.000 (2508 m2) 18.000 (1672 m2) 27.000 (2508 m2) 2 1 . 0 0 0 (1951 m2) 1 2 . 0 0 0 (1115 m2, Stones u 1 2 4 2 4 2 4 3 2 Height ( f t r 0 160 (48 766 mm) 65 (19 812 mm) 55 (16 764 mm) 65 (19 812m m ) 55 (16 764 mm) 65 (19 812 mm) so (15 240 mm) 40 (1 2 1 9 2 mm) Extenor protection3 Beanng waft 4 hr < 5 ft (915 mm) 2 hr a 5 ft (915 mm) 1 hr 1 hr < 5 ft ’* (1524 mm) 4 hr < 5 ft (915 mm ) 2 hr z 5 ft (915 mm) 1 hr 1 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) Nonpeanng wall 4 hr < 5 ft (915 mm) 2 hr < 2 0 ft (6096 mm) 1 hr < 4 0 ft (1 2 1 9 2 mm) 1 hr < 40 ft (1 2 1 9 2 mm) 1 h r < 5 f t 14 (1524 mm) 4 hr < 5 f t (915 mm) 2 hr < 2 0 f t (6096 mm) 1 hr < 4 0 f t (12 192 mm) 1 hr 1 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) Open xi g4 Not perm itted < 3 ft (915 m m ) Not permitted < 5 ft (1524 mm) Not perm itted < 311 (915 mm) Not permitted < 5 ft (1524 mm) V4 hr < 2 0 ft (6096 m m i 3 /4 h r < 10 f t (3048 mm) 3 /4 hr < 20 f t (6096 mm) J /4 hr < 1 0 ft (3048 mm) N T E R 0 R P R 0 T E C T 1 0 N Beanng wall 3 hi | 2 hr I h r | N 1 hr | N | 1 hr | N 0 C C U P A N C Y S E P A R A T 1 0 N7 1 17 n A-3 B S-1 S 2 No separation required No separation required A-2. A-21. A-4.E. M . H-32’ H-4. H-S H«€ H-71*. M. R. S-3 S*5.U-l Wall or floor 1 hr 1 hr Opening 1 hr 1 hr 1 « 8 ‘ | * — No limitation H-2.1 " £ r | 2 hr Opening 1 ’/ j hr i V jh r Percentage of opening No bmitation No bmitation A-t Wall or floor5 3 hr 3 hr Opening 3 hr 3 hr Percentage of opening* Not m ore than 25% Not more than 25% Area separation wad4 " w an 4 hr 2 hr 4 hr 2 hr Opening 3 hr 1 */j hr 3 hr IV j hr Percentage of openings Not m ore than 25% Not more than 25% Shift enclosure’2 Wall See footnote 12 See Footnote 12 Openings See Footnote 12 See Footnote 12 Permanent partitions’3 n 1 hr 1 hr N 1 hr N 1 hr or H T 1 hr N Roors 2 hr 1 hr N 1 hr N HT 1 hr N Roots14 N N N N N N N N N Structural fram e’4 3 hr 2 hr 1 hr N 1 hr N 1 hr or H T 1 hr N F R = F ir e re s is tiv e < = L e s s th a n H T = H e a v y u m b e r S e e S e c u o n 6 0 3 6 t = E q u a l to o r g re a te r than N c N o g e n e ra l re q u ire m e n t fo r fire re s is ta n c e (Footnotes continued on follow ing page.) 63 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1 A re a in d icate d ts th e b a sic a llo w a b le a r e a for b u ild in g s o n e sto ry in h e ig h t S e e S e c tio n 5 04 1 S ee S ectio n 5 04 2 fo r a re a s o f b u ild in g s o v e r o n e s t o r y S e c tio n 504 3 fo r th e a r e a o f b u ild in g s w ith a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y . S e c tio n 5 0 4 4 fo r th e a re a o f m e z z a n in e s a n d S e c tio n 5 0 5 fo r a llo w a b le a r e a in c r e a s e s 2S e e S e c u o n 2 0 9 fo r d e f in itio n o f b u ild in g h e ig h t S e e S e c tio n 5 0 6 fo r e x c e p tio n s T h e h e ig h t o f on e-sto ry a irc ra ft h a n g a rs a n d b u ild in g s u se d f o r m a n u fa c tu r in g o f a irc ra ft sh a ll n o t b e lim ite d if th e b u ild in g is p ro v id e d w ith a u to m a tic s p n n k le r s y s te m s th ro u g h o u t a s s p e c if ie d in C h a p te r 9 a n d is e n tire ly s u r ro u n d e d by p u b lic w a y s o r y ard s n o t le ss in w id th th a n o n e - a n d o n e - h a lf u m c s th e b u ild in g h e tg h t S e e S e c tio n 5 0 6 . E x c e p tio n 2 ’ R e g a rd le ss o f ty p e o f c o n s tru c tio n o r fire -re s is tiv e r e q u ir e m e n ts f o r e x te n o r w a lls, c e rta in e le m e n ts o f w a lls fr o n tin g o n p u b lic w a y s o r y a r d s h a v in g a w id th o f at least 4 0 feet (12 192 m m i m ay b e c o n s tru c te d o f c o m b u s u b le m a te ria ls S e e S e a i o n 6 0 1 5 4 4T h e sum o f th e a re a o f su ch o p e n in g s sh all not e x c e e d 5 0 p e rc e n t o f th e to tal a re a o f th e w a ll in e a c h story S e e S e a t o n 5 0 3 2 ’ A ll o p e n in g s in flo o rs fo rm in g a th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n s h a ll b e p r o te c te d by sh aft, stairw ay, ra m p o r e s c a la to r e n c lo su re s e x te n d in g a b o v e a n d b e low su c h o p e n in g s T h e w a llv o f s u c h e n c lo su r e s s h a ll n o t b e o f le s s th a n tw o -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e c o n s t n i a i o n w ith a ll o p e n in g s th e re to p r o te c te d b y a fire a sse m b ly h a v in g a o n e - a n d o n e - h a lf-h o u r fire -p ro ie c tio n r a tin g S e e S e c tio n 3 02 3 . Ite m 2 E X C E P T I O N : W h e n th e w a lls o f s u c h e n c lo s u r e e x te n d in g b e lo w th e th re e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n to th e f o u n d a tio n a r e p ro v id e d w ith a fire -re sistiv e ra tin g o f not less th a n th re e h o u rs w ith o p e n in g s th e re in p ro te c te d a s re q u ire d fo r w a lls fo rm in g th r e e - h o u r o c c u p a n c y sep a ratio n s, th e e n c lo su re w a lls e x te n d in g a b o v e su c h f lo o r u s e d as th e th re e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n m a y h a v e a o n e - h o u r f ire -te s ts tiv e ra tin g p ro v id e d 1 T h e o c c u p a n c y a b o v e is n o t re q u ire d to b e o f T y p e 1 o r T y p e (I fire -re s is tiv e c o n s tru c tio n , a n d 2 T h e e n c lo su r e w a lls d o n o t e n c lo s e a n e x it s ta irw a y , a r a m p o r a n e s c a la to r re q u ire d to h a v e e n c lo s u r e w a lls o f n o t le s s th a n tw o - h o u r fire -re sistiv e c o n s tru c tio n 6T h e to tal w id th o f a ll o p e n in g s in an y sto ry sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 2 5 p e r c e n t o f th e w a ll length in th a t story a n d n o s in g le o p e n in g s h a ll h a v e a n a r e a g re a te r th a n 120 sq u a re fe et I I I m -> S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 3. Ite m 2 7A C ro u p H . D iv isio n I O c cu p an c y is n o t p e rm u te d in a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y b u ild ing S ee S ectio n 3 07 2 8 G ro u p H . D iv isio n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s c o n ta in in g q u a n titie s o f h az a rd o u s m a te n a ls in e x c e s s o f th o s e set fo rth in T a b le 3 -G sh all be located in a on e-sto ry b u ild in g u se d fo r n o o th e r p u rp o s e a n d w h ic h is w ith o u t b a se m e n ts, c ra w l s p a c e s o r o th e r u n d e r-flo o r s p a c e s S e c S e a i o n 3 0 7 2 9 *T he fo llo w in g o c c u p a n c ie s n e e d n o t b e s e p a ra te d fro m th e u s e s t o w h ic h th e y a re ac ce sso ry 1 A ssem b ly ro o m s h a v in g a flo o r a r e a o f n o t o v e r 7 5 0 s q u a r e fe e t (6 9 7 m 2 > S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 .1 . E x c e p tio n 2 I 2 A d m in istra tiv e a n d c tc n c a l o ff ic e s an d sim ila r ro o m s w h ic h in th e a g g r e g ate d o nor e x c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e flo o r a re a o f th e m a jo r u s e w h e n n o t re la ted to G ro u p H . D iv is io n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s S e e S e c tio n 30 2 1. E x c e p tio n 2.2 * W h e n an area s e p a ra tio n w a ll a lso s e p a ra te s o c c u p a n c ie s th a t a r e r e q u ir e d to b e se p a ra te d by a n o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n , th e m o st re s tr ic tiv e r e q u ir e m e n ts o f e a c h s e p a ra tio n sh a ll ap p ly S e e S e c tio n 5 0 4 6 1 ,0W h e re a re a se p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b e tw e e n p o rtio n s o f a b u ild in g h a v in g d if fe ren t ty p e s o f c o n s tn ia io n . th e m o s t r e s tn a t v e r e q u ir e m e n ts s h a ll g o v e r n S e e S e a io n 601 1 'T h e to tal w id th o f a ll o p e n in g s in a n y sto ry sh all n o t e x c e e d 2 5 p e r c e n t o f th e w a ll len g th in th a t sto ry S e e S e a i o n 5 0 4 6 2 12S e e S e a io n s 7 1 1 1 a n d 711 2 fo r e x c e p tio n s In b u ild in g s eq u ip p e d w ith an a u to m a tic s p n n k le r sy ste m th ro u g h o u t, e s c a lato rs need not b e e n c lo se d w h e n d ra ft c u rta in s a n d fire sp rin k le rs are in sta lle d p e r S e a io n 3 0 6 6 S e e S e a io n s 1005 3 3 2 a n d 1 005 3 3 5 fo r e x it e n c lo s u r e re q u ire m e n ts I J In T y p e I a n d T y p e II c o n s tr u a io n . fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d a s d e fin e d in S e a io n 2 0 7 m a y b e u se d in th e a s s e m b ly , p ro v id e d fire -re s is ta n c e r e q u ir e m e n ts a re m a in ta in e d T h e u s e o f fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is n o t p e rm itte d in p a rtitio n s w h ic h a re a p a n o f a s h a ft e n c lo su r e S e e S e a i o n s 6 0 2 1 a n d 6 0 3 I i4 S tr u a u r a l fram e ele m e n ts tn a n e x te n o r w a ll th at ts lo c a te d w h e re o p en in g s are n o t p e rm itte d o r w h e re p r o te a io n o f o p e n i n p ts re q u ir e d s h a ll b e p r o te a e d a g a in st e x te rn a l fire e x p o s u r e a s re q u ir e d fo r e x te n o r b e a n n g w a lls o r th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e , w h ic h e v e r is g re a te r S e e T a b le 6 -A . F o o tn o te 1 1 ’ E x c e p t m retail sales a n d s to ra g e are a s c la ssifie d a s G ro u p s M a n d S. D ivision I O c c u p a n a e s . a n d in G ro u p H O c c u p a n c ie s , ro o f s a n d th e ir m e m b e rs o th e r th a n th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e m a y b e o f u n p r o te a e d n o n c o m b u s tib le m a te n a ls w h e n eveTy p a r t o f th e ro o f fra m in g , in c lu d in g th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e , is 2 5 feet ( 7 6 2 0 m m ) o r m o re a b o v e th e flo o r, b a lc o n y o r g a lle ry im m e d ia te ly b elo w H e a v y -tim b e r m e m b e rs in a c c o rd a n c e w ith S e a i o n 6 0 5 6 m a y b e u s e d fo r s u c h u n p r o te a e d m em b e r s in o n e - s to r y b u ild in g s ,6 ln an atn u m . w h e n ev e ry p a n o f th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e w o rk o f th e ro o f is n o t less th a n 25 feet (7 6 2 0 m m ) a b o v e a n y flo o r, b a lc o n y o r g a lle ry , fire p r o te a io n o f a ll m e m b e rs o f th e r o o f c o n s tru c tio n , in c lu d in g th o s e o f th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e , m a y b e o m m e d H e a v y -tim b e r m e m b e r s in a c c o rd a n c e w ith S e c tio n 6 0 5 6 m a y b e u se d f o r su c h u n p ro te c te d m e m b e r s in o n e -s to ry b u ild in g s S e e S e c tio n s 6 0 2 .5 a n d 6 03 5 l7S c e S e a io n 5 0 8 fo r p e r m itte d s u b s titu tio n o f a n a u to m a tic s p n n k le r s y s te m w h e re o n e - h o u r fire -re s is tiv e c o n s t n i a i o n is re q u ir e d th ro u g h o u t p ro v id e d s u c h sy stem is n o t o th e rw is e re q u ir e d th ro u g h o u t th e b u ild in g t s F o r sp e c ia l p ro v isio n s o n h ig h ly to x ic m a te ria ls , s e e th e F ir e C o d e S e e T ab le 3 -B . F o o tn o te 2 l9 N o t u se d 20F o r G ro u p F. D iv is io n I w o o d w o r k in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts , w ith m o re th a n 2 .5 0 0 s q u a r e feet (2 3 2 m 2). th e o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n s h a ll b e o n e h o u r S e e T ab le 3 -B . E x c e p tio n 5 21 A n ap p ro v e d s p ra y b o o th c o n s tr u a e d tn a c c o rd a n c e w ith th e F ir e C o d e n e e d n o t b e separated from G ro u p s B . F. H . M o r S O c c u p a n c ie s S e e S ectio n 302 1. E x c e p tio n I “ S e e S e c tio n 601 5 2 fo r e x c e p tio n s u N o fire -re sisiiv e lim e p e rio d is re q u ir e d f o r a n e x te n o r w a ll o f a o n e -sto ry b u ild in g p ro v id ed th e flo o r a re a d o e s n o t e x c e e d 1.0 0 0 s q u a re feet (9 3 m 2 ) an d p ro v id e d su c h w a ll is lo c a te d n o t le s s th a n 5 fe el (1 5 2 4 m m ) fro m a p ro p e rty lin e . S e e S e a i o n 5 03 4 2 24E x te n o r b e a n n g an d n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T y p e 111 a n d T y p e IV c o n s tr u a io n sh a ll b e c o n s tru a e d o f n o n c o m b u stib le m a te n a ls W h e n e x te n o r w alls o f T y p e III and T ype IV c o n stru c tio n fro n t o n p u b lic w a y s o r y a rd s h a v in g a w idth o f at le a st 5 feet (1 5 2 4 m m ), a p p ro v e d fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d fram in g m ay be u se d w ith in th e a sse m b ly W h e re fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is u se d , th e r e q u ire d fire resistance fo r (he e x te n o r w a lls sh all b e m a in ta in e d a n d th e ex p o se d o u te r a n d in n e r fa ces o f s u c h w a lls sh all b e n o n c o m b u s tib le S e e S e c tio n 5 0 3 4 3 W o o d c o lu m n s a n d a rc h e s c o n f o rm in g to h e a v y -tim b e r s iz e s m ay b e u se d e x te rn a lly for w a lls lo ca te d 2 0 feet (6 0 9 6 m m ) o r m o re fro m th e property line S e e S e a i o n 5 0 3 4 4 25 A fo u r-h o u r a r e a se p a ra tio n w a ll is re q u ir e d b e tw e e n a liq u id sto ra g e w a re h o u s e (G ro u p H . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y ) a n d a ll o th e r u s e s S e e S e a i o n 3 0 7 1 5 26S e e S e a io n 3 0 2 .5 fo r h e a tin g e q u ip m e n t ro o m o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n re q u ir e m e n ts 64 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP H, DIVISION 1 OCCUPANCY10 G roup H, Division 1 O ccupancy. Occupancies with a quantity af material in the building in excess of those listed in Table 3 - D which present a h ig h explosion hazard, including, but not limited to 1. Explosives, blasting agents. Class 1.3G (Class B. Special) fireworks and black powder. E X C E P T I O N S : 1. S to n g e a n d th e u s e o f p y ro te c h n ic s p e c ia l e f fe c t m a te n a ls in m o tio n p ic tu re , te le v isio n , th e a tric a l a n d g ro u p e n te rta in m e n t pro d u c tio n w h e n u n d e r p e r m it a s re q u ire d m th e F ir e C o d e T h e tim e p e n o d fo r s to ra g e sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 9 0 d a y s 2. I n d o o r s to ra g e a n d d is p la y o f s m o k e le s s p o w d e r, b la c k s p o ttin g p o w d e r an d p n m e rs o r p e rc u ssio n c a p s e x c e e d in g th e e x e m p t a m o u n ts fo r C ro u p M retail sales n e e d n o t b e c la ss ifie d a s a C ro u p H . D iv is io n 1 O c c u p a n c y w h e re sto re d a n d d is p la y e d in a c c o rd a n c e w ith th e F ire C o d e 2. Manufacturing o f G a ss 1.4G (Class C . Com m on) fireworks. 3. Unclassified detonatable organic peroxides. 4. G ass 4 oxidizers. 5. Class 4 or G a ss 3 detonatable unstable (reactive) matenals. O F F.R . H .T. 5 6 0 0 (520 m*) 3.700 (344 m’ ) A ru (S Q .ft)1 Sue Stones 160 (46 766 r No rating required 1 h r 4 hr No rating required Opening No protection required Minimum distance from property bnes* Vanes 75 Net (22 860 m m ) to 2.275 feet (693 m) 3 hr 1 hr A Group H. Division 1 Occupancy is not pormlttod in a misod occupancy building. Not permitted 2 hr Wait 4 hr Area separation wall* Opening 3 nr Not m ore than 25^« Permanent partitions4 1 hr 1 hr Roots7 2 hr 3 hr t hr F R s F ire re s is tiv e H T s H e av y u m b e r. S e e S e c tio n 6 0 S 6 N s N o g e n e ra l re q u ir e m e n t fo r fire re s is ta n c e (Footnotes continued on follow ing page. I 65 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 'A r e a in d icate d is th e b asic a llo w a b le a re a fo r b u ild in g s o n e stor> in h e ig h t S ee S e c tio n SOt I S ee S ectio n 5 04 2 fo r a re a s o f b u ild in g s o v e r o n e s to r y S ectio n 5 0 4 3 f o r th e area o f b u ild in g s w ith a m in e d o c c u p a n c y S e c tio n 5 0 4 4 fo r th e a r e a o f m e z z a n in e s a n d S e c tio n 5 0 5 fo r a llo w a b le a r e a in c re a s e s * S ee S e c tio n 2 09 fo r d e fin itio n o f b u ild in g h e ig h t S e e S e c tio n 5 06 fo r e x c e p tio n s ^ R e g a rd le ss o f ty p e o f c o n s tru c tio n o r fire -re s is tiv e re q u ir e m e n ts fo r e x te rio r w a lls , c e rta in e le m e n ts o f w a lls fro n tin g o n p u b lic w a y s o r y a rd s h a v in g a w id th o f at least 40 feet (12 192 m m im a y be c o n stru c te d o f c o m b u s tib le m a te ria ls S e e S ectio n 601 5 4 4T h e sum o f the area o f such o p en in g s shall not e x c e e d 50 p e rc e n t o f th e to ta l area o f th e w a ll in e a c h sto ry S e e S e c tio n 5 0 3 2 5A ll o p e n in g s in flo o rs fo rm in g a th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n sh a ll b e p ro te c te d by s h a f t stairw ay, ra m p o r esc a la to r e n c lo su re s e x te n d in g a b o v e an d b e lo w su c h o p en in g s T h e w a lls o f su c h e n c lo su r e s s h a ll n o t b e o f le s s th an tw o -h o u r fire -re sistiv e c o n s tru c tio n w ith all o p e n in g s th e re in p ro te c te d by a f u r a sse m b ly h av in g a o n e- a n d o n e -h a lf-h o u r fire -p ro te c tio n ra u n g S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 .3 . Item 2 E X C E P T I O N : W h e n th e w a lls o f s u c h e n c lo s u r e e x te n d in g below th e th re e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e occupancy s e p a ra tio n to th e fo u n d a tio n a re p ro v id e d w tth a fire-resistive ratin g o f n o t less th a n th re e h o u rs w ith o p e n in g s therein p ro te c te d a s re q u ired f o r w a lls fo rm in g th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y separations, th e e n c lo su re w alls e x te n d in g a b o v e su c h flo o r u s e d as the th re e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n m a y h a v e a o n e - h o u r flre -re ststiv e ra tin g p ro v id e d 1 T h e o c c u p a n c y a b o v e is n o t re q u ire d to b e o f T y p e I o r T y p e II ftre -re ststiv e c o n s tru c tio n , a n d 2 T h e e n c lo su re w a lls d o n o t e n c lo s e a n e x it s ta irw a y , a r a m p o r an e s c a la to r re q u ire d to h a v e e n c lo su r e w a lls o f n o t le s s th a n tw o -h o u r ftre -re s is m e c o n stru c tio n * T h e to ta l w id th o f a ll o p e n in g s in a n y sto ry s h a ll n o t e x c e e d 2 5 p e r c e n t o f th e w a ll len g th in that sto ry a n d n o sin g le o p e m n g sh a ll h a v e a n a re a g re a te r th an 120 s q u a re feet i l l m -1 S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 3. Ite m 2 7A C ro u p H . D ivision I O c cu p an c y is not p e rm itte d in a m ix e d o cc u p an c y b u ild in g S ee Section 3 07 2 8 C ro u p H . D iv isio n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s c o n ta in in g q u a n titie s o f haz ard o u s m ateria ls in e x c e ss o f th o se set fo rth in T a b ic 3 -G shall be lo ca te d in a one-story b u ild in g u sed fo r n o o th e r p u rp o s e a n d w h ic h is w ith o u t b ase m e n ts, c ra w l sp a c e s o r o th e r u n d e r-flo o r s p a c e s S e e S e c tio n 3 0 7 2 9 • T h e fo llo w in g o c c u p a n c ie s n e e d n o t b e se p a ra te d fr o m th e u s e s to w h ic h they a re ac ce sso ry 1 A ssem bly ro o m s h a v in g a flo o r a r e a o f n o t o v e r 7 5 0 s q u a r e fe e t (6 9 7 m *) S ee S e c tio n 302 I . E x c e p tio n 2 I 2 A d m in istra tiv e and cle ric a l ofTices an d s im ila r ro o m s w h ic h in th e a g g re g a te do not e x c ee d 25 p ercen t o f th e flo o r a re a o f th e m a jo r u s e w h e n not re la ted to C ro u p H . D iv is io n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 I. E x ce p tio n 2 2 ’ W h e n an area sep a ratio n w a ll a lso s e p a ra te s o c c u p a n c ie s th at a re re q u ire d to be se p a ra te d by an o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n , th e m o st re s tr ic tiv e re q u ir e m e n ts o f e a c h se p a ra tio n sh a ll ap p ly S e e S e c tio n 5 0 4 6 I '® W h e re a re a se p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b e tw e e n p o rtio n s o f a b u ild in g h a v in g d if fe re n t ty p e s o f c o n s tru c tio n , th e m o st re s tric tiv e re q u ir e m e n ts sh all g o v ern S e e S e c tio n 6 0 1 1 'T h e to ta l w idth o f all o p e n in g s in any sto ry sh a ll not e x c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e w a ll le n g th in th a t sto ry S e e S e c tio n 5 0 4 6 2 ' ‘ E x its sh all b e e n c lo s e d a s s p e c ifie d in C h a p te r 10. b u t o th e r th ro u g h -flo o r o p e n in g s n eed n o t b e e n c lo s e d S e e S e c tio n 3 0 6 6 . e x c e p tio n S e e S ectio n s 1 005 3 3 2 a n d 1005 3 3 5 fo r e x it e n c lo s u r e re q u ire m e n ts l3 In T y p e I a n d T y p e II c o n s tru c tio n , fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a ie d w o o d as d e fin e d in S e c tio n 2 0 7 m ay b e u s e d in th e a sse m b ly p ro v id e d f u r - r e s is ta n c e re q u ire m e n ts are m a in ta in e d T h e u s e o f fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is not p erm u te d in p a rtitio n s w h ic h a r e a p a rt o f a sh aft e n c lo su r e S e e S e c tio n s 6 0 2 1 and 6 0 3 1 ‘^ S tru c tu ra l fram e ele m e n ts in an e x te n o r w a ll that is lo c a te d w h e re o p e n in g ' are no t p e rm itte d o r w h e re p ro te c tio n o f o p e n in g s is re q u ir e d sh a ll b e p ro te c te d a g a in st e x te rn al fire e x p o s u r e as re q u ire d fo r e x te n o r b e a n n g w a lls o r th e stru c tu ra l fram e, w h ic h e v e r is g re a te r S e e T ab le 6 -A . F o o tn o te 1 ,3 G io u p F. D iv isio n 2 ro o f-fra m in g sy ste m m a y b e o f u n p ro te c te d c o n stru c tio n S e e S e c tio n 306 2 .2 ,6 S e e S e c tio n 508 fo r p e r m itte d s u b s titu tio n o f a n a u to m a tic s p rin k le r sy stem w h e re o n e-h o u r fire -re s is tiv e c o n s tru c tio n is re q u ir e d th ro u g h o u t p ro v id e d s u c h sy s te m is n o t o th e rw is e re q u ire d th ro u g h o u t th e b u ild in g 17A n a p p ro v e d sp ra y b o o th c o n s tru c te d in a c c o rd a n c e w ith th e F ir e C o d e n ee d n o t b e separated fro m G ro u p s B . F. H . M o r S O c c u p a n c ie s S ec S ectio n 302 I . E x c e p tio n I ‘• F o r sp e c ia l p re v isio n s o n h ig h ly to x ic m a te ria ls, s e e th e F ir e C o d e S e e T ab ic 3 -B . F o o tn o te 2 **No fire -re sistiv e u m e p e rio d is re q u ire d fo r a n e x te n o r w a ll o f a on e-sto ry b u ild in g p ro v id ed th e flo o r a re a d o e s not e x c e e d 1 .0 0 0 sq u a re feet <93 m - la n d p ro v id e d su ch w a ll is lo c a te d n o t less th a n 5 feet (1 5 2 4 m m ) fro m a property lin e 20E x te n o r b e a n n g a n d n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T y p e III a n d T y p e IV c o n s tru c tio n sh a ll be co nstructed o f n o n c o m b u stib le m ateria ls W h e n e x te n o r w a lls o f T ype 111 a n d T ype IV c o n stru c tio n fro n t on p u b lic w a y s o r y ard s hav in g a w idth ot at lea st 3 feet (9 1 5 m m ), a p p r o v e d fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d fra m in g m ay t v u se d w ith in th e a s s e m b ly W h e re fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is u s e d , th e re q u ire d fire resistance fo r th e e x te n o r w a lls shall b e m a in ta in e d an d th e exposed o u te r an d in n e r fa c e s o f s u c h w a lls m u st b e n o n c o m b u s tib le S e e S ectio n 5 0 3 4 3 W o o d c o lu m n s a n d a r c h e s c o n fo rm in g to h e a v y -tim b e r s iz e s m a y b e u sed e x te rn a lly for w a lls lo ca te d 2 0 feet (6 0 9 6 m m ) o r m o re fro m th e p roperty line S e e S e c tio n 503 4 4 • 'A fo u r-h o u r area s e p a ra tio n w a ll is re q u ir e d b e tw e e n a liq u id sto ra g e w a re h o u se (G roup H . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y ) a n d a ll o ih e r u se s S e e S ectio n 3 07 I 5 •■ S ee S ectio n 601 5 2 fo r e x c e p tio n s - 'S e c S e c tio n 302.5 fo r h e a tin g e q u ip m e n t ro o m o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n re q u ir e m en ts 66 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP H, DIVISION 2 OCCUPANCY G roup H. Division 2 Occupancy. Occupancies w here combustible dust is manufactured, used or generated m such a manner that concentrations and conditions create a fire or explosion potential, occupancies with a quantity of material in the building in excess of those listed in Table 3-D. which present a moderate explosion hazard o r a hazard from accelerated burning, including, but not lim ned to: I Class I organic peroxides containers or systems pressurized at more than 15-pounds-pcr- 2. Class 3 nondetonatable unstable (reactive) m aterials square-inch (103.4 kPal gage. 3. P y r o p h o n c g a s e s E X C E P T I O N : A e ro so ls 4. Flammable or oxidizing gases 6- Class 3 oxidizers. 5. Class I. II or IJI-A flammable or com bustible iiquids which arc 7. Class 3 water-reactive materials, used or stored in normally open containers or systems, or in closed TYPE OF TYPE 1 TYPE R TYPE m | TYPE IV | t y p e V KSTwuenow MONCOMBUSTtBLE COMBUSTMLE*0 SUBJECT \ | F * . F.R i- m . N 1-MR. N H.T. 1«ML N Area ISQ f t ) ’ 15 000 (1394 m i) 12 400 (1152 m*) S 600 (520 m*| 3.700 (344 m3) 5.600 (520 m2) 3.700 (344 m2) 5.600 (520 m2) 4.400 (481 m2) 2.500 (232 m2> Sue* Stones Unbmrted 2 1 Heignt (ft j Unlimited 160 (48 768 mm) 65 (19812 mm) 55 (16 764 mm) 65 (19812 mm) 55 (16 764 mm) 65 (19812 mm) so (15 240 mm) 40 (12 192 mm) 1 Beanng wan l 4 Hr 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr < 10 ft (3048 mm) 1 hr 2 tO ft (3048 mm) 4 hr < 5 n (1524 mm) 2 hr < 10 ft (3048 mm) 1 hr < 2Qn (6096 mm) 4 hr 4 hr < 5 n (1524 mm) 2 hr <10 n (3048 mm j 1 hr 2 10n (3048 mm) 4 hr < Sn (1524 mm) 2 hr < 1 0 rt <3048 mm) 1 hr <2 0 ft (6096 mm) Exterior j rotection3 Nonbearmg wall 4 nr < 5 ft (1524 mm} 2 hr < 10 ft (3048 mm) 1 hr <40 ft (12192 mm) 4 hr < 5 n (1524mm) 2 hr < 10n. (3048 mm) l hr < 2 0 n (6096 mm) 4 hr 2 hr th r < S n (1524mm) < 10n (3048 mm) < 4 0 n. (12 192mm) 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr < 10n (3048 mm) 1 hr 2 to n (3048 mm) 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr < tO ft (3048 mm) t hr < 20 ft (6096 mm> Not permitted < 5 n (1524 mm) Not permitted < 5 n (1524 mm) 3>«hr <20 ft (6096 mm» 3(4 hr < 2 0 n (6096 mm) Minimum distance from property lines* 30 feet (9144 mm) when area of me occupancy exceeds 1.000 square feet (93 m2) and it is not required to be located m a detached budding S O feet (15 240 mm) when a detached buddmg ts required See Table 3*G Not less than the distances required by Table 3-F when the occupancy contains materials with explosive characteristics Beanno wall 3 nr 2 nr 1 hr N 1hr 1 hr N 0 c c M-39 H-4 H*5 Wail or floor 1 hr 1 hr p A Opening 1 hr 1 hr N C Y Percentage of opening No limitation No kmrtabon 1 H s E P B F-t F-2 H-6 Wan or floor 2 M 2 hr E R A R H-7'« 2’ M S-t Opening l ' / 2 hr lV 2 hr 0 R T 1 0 S-2 S-3 S*5 Percentage of opening No limitation No bmrtabon P R 0 N to n 1 2 A -t. A*2. A-2 1 Wail or floor5 4 h r 4 hr E C 2 3 24 E l R Opening No Openings permitted No openings pcrmmed T Wan 4 hr 2 hr 4 hr 2 hr 0 Area separation w ail'3 1 4 Opening 3 hr iV j hr 3 hr ''<7 hr N Percentage ot openings'6 Not more man 25% Not more than 25% Shaft WaJi 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr enclosure'5 Openings t '- j hr 1 hr 1 hr Permanent partitions ’ 7 1 hr 1 nr N 1 hr N 1 hr or H T 1 hr j N Ftoors23 2 hr 1 hr N 1 hr N HT 1 hr | N Roofs 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr N 1 hr N HT th r N Structural frame'9 3 hr 2 hr 1 hr N 1 hr N 1 hr or H T 1 hr N I F ootnotts appear on follow ing page.I 67 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 'A r e a in d ic a te d is th e b asic a llo w a b le a re a fo r b u ild in g s o n e sto ry in h e ig h t S e e S e c tio n S O t 1 S e e S ectio n 5 0 4 2 fo r a reas o f b u ild in g s o v e r o n e s to r y S e c tio n 5 0 4 3 f o r th e a r e a o f b u ild in g s w ith a m u e d o c c u p a n c ) . S e c tio n 5 0 4 4 fo r th e a r e a o f m e z z a n in e s a n d S e c tio n 5 0 5 fo r a llo w a b le a r e a in c re a s e s *See S e c u o n 2 0 9 f o r d e f in itio n o f b u ild in g h e ig h t S e e S e c tio n 5 0 6 fo r e x c e p tio n s ^ R e g a rd le ss o f ty p e o f c o n s tru c tio n o r fire -re s is ttv e re q u ire m e n is f o r e x te n o r w a lls, c e rta in e le m e n ts o f w a lls fro n tin g o n p u b lic w a y s o r y a rd s h a v in g a w id th o f at lea st 4 0 feet (12 192 m m i m ay b e c o n s tru c te d o f c o m b u s tib le m a te ria ls S e e S e c tio n 6 0 1 .5 4 4N ot u se d 3W h e re a re a se p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b e tw e e n p o n to n s o f a b u ild in g h a v in g d iffe r- e n t ty p e s o f c o n s tru c tio n , th e m o st re s tr ic tiv e re q u ir e m e n ts s h a ll g o v e r n 6 ln T y p e I a n d T y p e 11 c o n s tru c tio n , fire -re ta rd a n t- tr e a te d w o o d a s d e f in e d in S e c u o n 2 0 7 m a y b e u s e d in th e a s s e m b ly p ro v id e d firc -rc s ts ia n c e r e q u ir e m e n ts a r e m a in ta in e d T h e u s e o f fire -re ta rd a n t- tr e a te d w o o d is n o t p e rm itte d tn p a r titio n s w h ic h a re a p a rt o f a s h a ft e n c lo s u r e S e e S e c tio n s 6 0 2 .1 a n d 6 0 3 1 7C ro u p H . D iv isio n I O c cu p an c ies shall be lo c a te d in a b u ild in g u se d fo r n o o th e r p u rp o se w h ic h is w ith o u t b a se m e n ts, c ra w l s p a c e s o r o th e r u n d e r-flo o r sp a c e s R o o fs sh a ll b e o f lig h tw e ig h t c o n s tru c tio n w ith s u ita b le th e rm a l in s u la tio n to pre v en t se n s itiv e m a te ria l fro m r e a c h in g its d e c o m p o s itio n te m p e r a tu re S ee S ectio n 3 0 7 2 8 ^Slmctunl fra m e elements in a n ex t e n o r w a il th a t is lo c a te d w h e re o p e n in g s a re not p e rm itte d o r w h e re p ro te c tio n o f o p e n in g s is re q u ire d s h a ll b e p ro te c te d a g a in st e x te rn a l fire e x p o s u r e a s re q u ir e d f o r e x te n o r b e a n n g w a lls o r th e stru ctu ra l fra m e , w h ic h e v e r is g re a te r S e e T a b le 6 - A . F o o tn o te I *F or a d d itio n a l in fo rm a tio n re g a rd in g d is ta n c e s fr o m p ro p e rly lin e s a n d in h a b ited b u ild in g s, se e T ab le 3 -F D ista n c e s a r e m e a su re d fro m th e w a lls e n c lo sin g th e o c c u p a n c y to a ll p ro p e rty lin e s, in c lu d in g th o s e o n a p u b lic w a y A ls o see S ectio n 5 0 3 4 5 . Ite m I l0G ro u p H . D iv is io n 1 O c c u p a n c ie s c o n ta in in g m a te ria ls w h ic h a re tn th e m selv es b o th p h y s ic a l an d h e a lth h a z a rd s tn q u a n titie s e x c e e d in g th e e x e m p t a m o u n ts in T a b le 3 -E sh all c o m p ly w ith re q u ir e m e n ts fo r b o th G ro u p H . D iv i sio n s I a n d 7 O c c u p a n c ie s. See Section 3 0 7 .2 .8 11 E x c e p t fo r s u rfa c in g , flo o rs sh a ll b e o f o o n c o m b u s tib le . liq u id - lig h t c o n s tr u c tion tn a re a s c o n ta in in g h a z a rd o u s m a te r ia ls a n d m a r e a s w h e re m o to r v e h icles. b o ats, helico p ter? o r a irp la n e s a re s to re d , re p a ire d o r o p e ra te d In G ro u p H. D iv isio n s 4 a n d 5 O c c u p a n c ie s , flo o rs m a y b e s u rf a c e d o r w a te rp ro o fe d w ith a s p h a ltic p a v in g m a te ria ls in th a t p o rtio n o f th e fa c ility w h e re n o re p a ir w o rk is d o n e S e e S e c tio n 3 0 7 .2 .2 ,2 S ee S e c tio n 3 0 2 5 fo r h e a tin g e q u ip m e n t ro o m o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n r e q u ir e m en ts 6 8 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP H, DIVISION 3 OCCUPANCY G ro u p H. D ivision 3 O ccupancy. Occupancies where flammable solids, other than com bustible dust, are manufactured, used or generated Division 3 Occupancies also include uses in which the quantity o f material in the building in excess o f those listed in Tabic 3-D presents a high physical hazard, including, but not limited to. 1. Class II. HI or IV organic peroxides 5 Pyrophonc liquids or solids 2 Class I or 2 oxidizers 6. C lass 1 or 2 water-reactive materials 3 G a ss I. II or III-A flammable or combustible liquids which are 7. Flam m able solids in storage. used or stored in normally closed containers or systems and con 8. Flam m able or oxidizing cryogenic fluids (other than incrti tainers or systems pressurized at 1 S-pounds-per-square-mch 9 Class 1 unstable (reactive) gas or Class 2 unstable (reactive) (103.4 kPa) gage or less, and aerosols m aterials 4. Class Ill-B com bustible liquids 10. Storage o f Class I.4G (G ass C. Common) fireworks TYP€ O f TYPCI TYPC N TYPCIB TYwerv TVP€V MOMCoaaausTMLC c o u a u s n B iA ** ■W JC C r F.R. PR. I 'M * N 1-MR. N H.T. i-HR- N Area (SQ « ) ' u h I 24 800 (2304 m7) 11.200 (1040 m7) 7.500 (697 m7) 11.200 (1040 m*) 7.500 (697 m7) 11.200 (1040 m7) 8.800 (818 m7) 5 100 (474 m7) S in 5 Slones u 5 2 2 2 2 1 Height m i2 D 160 (48 768 mm) 65 (19812 mm) 55 (16 764 mm) 65 (19 812 mm) 55 (16 764 mm) 65 (19812mm) 50 (15240 mm) 40 (12192 mm) Beanng wan 4 hr 4 hr < S ft (1524 mm) 2 hr < 10 ft (3048 nun) 1 hr a io n (3048 mm) 4 hr < 5 ft. (1524 mm) 2 hr < 10 ft (3048 mm) 1 hr < 20 ft (6096 mm) 4 hr 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr < 10 ft (3048 mm) 1 hr 2 10ft (3048 mm) 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr < 10 ft (3048 mm) 1 hr < 20 ft (6096 mm) Exterior | rotection3 Nonbeanng wall 4 hr < S n (1524 mm) 2 hr < 10 ft (3048 mm) 1 hr < 40 ft (12 192 mm) 4 hr < 5 h (1524 mm) 2 hr < 10 ft (3048 mm) 1 hr <20 tt (6096 mm) 4 hr 2 hr 1 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) <10 ft. (3048 mm) <40 f t (12 192 mm) 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr < 10 ft (3048 mm) I h r 2 10ft. (3048 mm) 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr <10 ft (3048 mm) 1 hr < 20 ft (6096 mm) Ooenmg4 Not permitted < 5 h (1524 mm) Not permuted < 5 ft (1524 mm) }/<hr < 20 ft (6096 mm) 3/«h r <20 ft (6096 mm) Minimum distance from property lines* 50 feet (IS 240 mm) when a detached budding is required See Table 3*6 Not less than the distances required by Table 3-F when the occupancy contains materials with explosive characteristics Beanng wall 3 hr 2 nr Ih r * 1 hr » Ih r N 0 C c B F-l. F-2. H-2. H-3*. H-4 H-5 H-6 H.?t 9 23 Wall or floor 1 hr 1 hr u p Opening th r 1 hr N c Y M S-1 S-2 S-3 S-5 U-1 Percentage of opening No brmution No brratabon 1 N T S i P Wall or flocr7 ^ 3 hr 3 hr t R A R R Opening 3 hr 3 hr 0 R P A T 1 0 Percentage of opening*1 Not more than 25% Not more than 25% R 0 T tc 1 1 1 2 A*1 A-2 A-2 1 A-3 A-4 I 1 Wall or hoor 4 hr 4 hr f c C n Opening No openings permitted No openings permitted 1 Wan 4 hr 2 hr 4 hr 2 hr 0 A ru separation wan'1 14 Opening 3 hr l ’/2 hr 3 hr 1V? hr Percentage of openings1 * Not more than 25% Not more than 25*' Shaft Wall 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr enclosure1 5 Openings IV , hr 1 hr 1 hr Permanent partitions1 7 1 hr 1 hr N 1 hr N 1 hr or H T 1 hr N Floors” 2 hr 1 hr N 1 hr N HT 1 hr N Roofs 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr N 1 hr N HT 1 hr- N Structural frame1 8 3 hr 2 hr 1 hr N 1 hr N 1 hr or H T 1 hr N ( Footnotes appe r on fo llo w in g page ) 69 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. F R = Fire resistive H T s Heavy um ber See Section 60S 6 N = No genera) requirem ent for fire resistance < = L ess than 2 = E q u al to o r greater than I A re a in d icate d is th e b a sic a llo w a b le a re a fo r b u ild in g s o n e sto ry in h e ig h t S ee S e c u o n 5(U I S ee S ection 5 0 1 - fo r a re a s o f b u ild in g s o v e r o n e sto ry . S e c tio n 5 0 1 3 fo r th e area o f b u ild in g s w ith a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y . S e c tio n 5 0 4 4 fo r th e a re a o f m ez zan in es a n d S e c u o n 5 0 5 fo r a llo w a b le a r e a in c re a se s 2S e e S e c tio n 2 09 fo r d e f m iu o n o f b u ild in g h e ig h t S e e S ectio n 506 fo r e x c e p tio n s 3R e g a r d k s s o f ty p e o f c o n s tru c tio n o r fire -re s is tiv e re q u ire m e n ts fo r e x te n o r w a lls , c e rta in ele m e n ts o f w a lls fro n tin g o n p u b lic w a y s o r y a rd s h a v tn g a w id th o f at least 4 0 feet (1 2 192 m m ) m ay b e c o n s tru c te d o f c o m b u s u b le m a te ria ls S e e S ection 6 0 1 5 4 4T h e su m o f the area o f such o p en in g s shall not e x c e e d 5 0 p ercen t o f th e to ta l a rea o f th e w a ll in e a c h sto ry S e e S e c tio n 5 0 3 2 5G r o u p H . D iv isio n 2 O c c u p a n c ie s c o n ta in in g q u a n u tie s o f h a z a rd o u s m a te r ia ls in e x c e ss o f those set forth in T able 3-G sh all b e lo ca te d in a o n e -sto ry b u ild in g u se d fo r no o th er purpose an d w h ic h is w ith o u t b ase m e n ts, c ra w l s p a c e s o r o th e r u n d e r-flo o r sp ac es S e e S e c tio n 3 0 7 2 9 6 In C ro u p H . D iv isio n 2 O c c u p a n c ie s , n o r le ss th a n 2 5 p e rc e n t o f th e p e r im e te r w a ll o f th e occ u p an c y sh a ll b e a n e x te n o r w a ll S e e S e c u o n 3 0 7 3 f o r e x c e p - o o n s 7W a Ils o r p o n to n s o f w a lls u se d fo r e x p lo s io n v e n tin g sh a ll b e lo c a te d n o t le ss th a n 5 0 fe et (15 2 4 0 m m ) fro m a n y p ro p e rty lin e , in c lu d in g (h o se o n a p u b lic w a y S e e S e c u o n 3 0 7 .1 0 . Ite m 4 a D is ta n c e s vary d epending o n flo o r area, lo ca tio n o f e x p lo sio n v e n u n g a n d q u a n - u u e s o f sto red m aten a ls See T able 3 -F D ista n c e s a re m e a su re d fro m th e w a lls e n c lo sin g the o ccupancy to all p ro p e rty tin es, in c lu d in g th o se o n a p u b lic w ay 9 A fo u r-h o u r area separation w a ll is re q u ire d b e tw e e n a liq u id sto ra g e w a re h o u s e (C ro u p H . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y ) a n d a ll o ch e r u se s S e e S e c tio n 3 0 7 1.5 10S e e S e c u o n s 3 07 I 3 a n d 3 07 I 4 fo r th e re q u ire m e n ts fo r liq u id u s e . d is p e n s in g a n d m ix in g ro o m s a n d liq u id sto ra g e ro o m s II A sse m b ly room s having a flo o r area o f n o t o v e r 7 5 0 sq u are feet (6 9 7 m * ) n e e d noc b e sep a rate d from th e u se s to w h ic h th ey are a c ce sso ry S e e S e c u o n 3 0 2 I . E x c e p tio n 2 1 . *-A C r o u p H . D iv isio n I O c c u p a n c y is n o t p e r m itte d in a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y b u ild in g 13 W h e n an area se p a rau o n w a ll a ls o se p a ra te s o c c u p a n c ie s th at are re q u ire d to be se p a ra te d by an o cc u p an c y se p a ra tio n , th e m o s t re s tr ic tiv e r e q u ir e m e n ts o f e a c h s e p a ra u o n shall a p p ly S e e S e c tio n 5 0 4 6 I ,4 W b e re a re a sep a rau o n w a ils o c c u r b e tw e e n p o rtio n s o f a b u ild in g h a v in g d if fe re n t ty p e s o f c o n stru c tio n , th e m o st re s tr ic tiv e re q u ir e m e n ts s h a ll g o v e r n i5S e e S e c tio n s 7 1 I I an d 711 2 fo r e x c e p tio n s S e e S ectio n s 1005 3 .3 .2 a n d 1005 3 .3 5 fo r e x it e n c lo su r e r e q u ir e m e n ts 56T h c to ta l w idth o f a ll o p e n t n p in an y story sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e w a il le n g th in th at sto ry . S e e S e c tio n 5 0 4 6 2 I7 ln T y p e I a n d T y p e 11 c o n s tru c tio n , fire -re ta rd a n t- tr e a te d w o o d a s d e f in e d in S e c tio n 2 07 m ay b e u s e d m th e a sse m b ly p ro v id e d ftre -rc s is ta n c e re q u ir e m e n ts a r e m ain tain ed . T h e u s e o f fire -re ta rd a n t- tr e a te d w o o d is n o t p e rm itte d in p a rtitio n s w h ich a r e a p a rt o f a s h a ft e n c lo su r e S e c S e c tio n s 6 0 2 1 a n d 6 0 3 I. ^ S tr u c tu r a l fram e e le m e n ts in an e x te n o r w a ll th at is lo c a te d w h e re o p e n in g s a re n o t pe r m itte d o r w h e re p ro te c u o n o f o p e n in g s is r e q u ir e d sh a ll b e p ro te c te d a g a in st e x te rn al fire e x p o s u r e a s re q u ire d fo r e x t e r i o r b e a n n g w a lls o r th e s tru c tu ra l fram e, w h ic h e v e r is g re a te r S ee T a b le 6 - A . F o o tn o te I 1’ G r o u p H . D ivision 2 O c c u p a n c ie s n e e d not b e s e p a r a te d fro m G ro u p H . D iv i s io n 7 O ccupancies w h e n su c h o c c u p a n c ie s a ls o c o m p ly w ith th e re q u ire m e n ts f o r a G ro u p H . D iv isio n 7 O c c u p a n c y . S e e S e c u o n 3 0 2 4 . E x c e p tio n 4 20E x te n o r b e a n n g a n d n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T y p e III a n d T y p e IV c o n s tru c tio n sh a ll b e constructed o f n o n c o ra b u su b ie m a te n a ls W h e n e x te n o r w a lls o f T y p e III an d T ype IV c o n stru c tio n fro n t o n p u b lic w a y s o r y a r d s h av in g a w id th o f at le a st 4 0 feet (1 2 192 m m ), a p p ro v e d fire -re ta rd a n t- tr e a te d w o o d fra m in g m ay b e u se d w ithin ih e asse m b ly . W h e re fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a ie d w o o d is u sed , the re q u ire d fire resistance fo r th e e x te n o r w a lls sh a ll b e m a in ta in e d an d th e ex p o se d o u te r a n d in n e r fa c e s o f su c h w a lls sh all b e n o n c o m b u s u b le . S e e S e c tio n 5 0 3 4 3 W o o d co lu m n s a n d a r c h e s c o n fo rm in g to h e a v y - u m b e r s iz e s m a y b e u se d e x te rn a lly fo r w a lls lo c a te d 4 0 fe et (1 2 192 m m ) o r m o r e fro m th e p ro p e rty lin e . S e e S ectio n 5 0 3 .4 4 21 F o r sp e c ta l p ro v isio n s o n h ig h ly to x ic m a te n a ls. s e e t h e F ir e C o d e S e e T able 3 -B . F o o tn o te 2 22E x c e p c fo r su rfacin g , flo o rs sh a ll b e o f n o n co m b u s u b l e . liq u id -tig h t c o n s tru c tio n in a re a s c o n ta in in g h a z a rd o u s m a te ria ls a n d in a r e a s w h e re m o to r v e h ic le s . boats, helicopters o r airp la n e s are sto red , r e p a ire d o r o p e ra te d In G ro u p H . D iv isio n s 4 a n d 5 O c c u p a n c ie s , flo o rs m a y b e s u r f a c e d o r w a te rp ro o fe d w ith a s p h a h tc p a v in g m a te n a ls m th a t p o rtio n o f th e f a c ility w h e re n o re p a ir w o rk is d o o e S e e S e c u o n 3 0 7 .2 .2 ^ C o m b u s tib le fib e r sto ra g e ro o m s w ith a fib e r s to ra g e c a p a c ity n o t e x c e e d in g 5 0 0 c u b ic feet (1 4 .2 m 3) sh a ll b e sep a rate d fro m th e r e m a in d e r o f th e build in g b y a o n e -h o u r fire -re sistiv e o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n C o m b u s tib le fib e r sto ra g e v a u lts h a v in g a fib e r sto ra g e c a p a c ity o f m o re th a n 5 0 0 c u b ic fe et < 14 2 m 3 ) sh a ll b e separated from th e re m a in d e r o f th e b u ild in g b y a tw o -h o u r flre -re sts- tiv c o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra u o n . S e e S e c tio n 3 07 8 24S e e S e c tio n 302.5 fo r h e a u n g e q u ip m e n t ro o m o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra u o n re q u ir e m e n ts 70 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP H, DIVISION 4 OCCUPANCY G roup H, Division 4 Occupancy Repair garages not classified as Group S. Division 3 TYPE OF 1 TY P E l TYPE R i TYPE IU TYPE IV TYPE V ^ ^ C O N S T R U C T IO N NONCOMBUSTI8LC C O N 8U S TW LE " SUOJCCT f.R. F.R. 1-MR. N 14(11 N M.T. 1 -M ft N Area (sq ff ) ' k 24 800 (2304 m2) 11.200 (1040 m2) 7 500 (697 m2) 11200 (1040 m2) 7.500 (697 m2) 11.200 (1040 m2) 8800 (818 m2) 5 100 (474 m2) Sue Stories 5 2 2 2 2 Heigrn ( ft) 2 0 160 (48 768 mm) 65 (19 812 mm) 55 (16 764 mm) 65 (19 812 mm) 55 (16 764 mm) 65 (19 812 mm) 50 (15 240 mm) 40 (12 192 mm) Beanng wall 4 hr 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr < 1 0 ft (3048 mm ) t hr 2 10 ft (3048 mm) 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr <10 ft (3048 mm) I h r < 2 0 ft (6096 mm) 4 hr 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr < 10 ft (3048 mm) 1 hr 2 10 ft (3048 mm) 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm i 2 nr <10 ft (3048 mm i 1 hr <20 ft (6096 mm> Externr protection3 1 6 Nonbeanng wait 4 hr < 5 ft (1S24 mm) 2 hr < 10 ft (3048 mm) th r < 4 0 ft (t2 lS 2 m m ) 4 nr < 5 ft 2 hr < 10ft 1 hr < 20 ft (1524 mm) (3048 mm) (6096 mm) 4 nr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr < 10 ft (3048 mmi 1 hr <40 ft (12 192 mm) 4 hr < S ft (1524 mm) 2 hr <10 ft (3048 mm) 1 hr 2 10 ft 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr < 10 ft (3048 mm) 1 hr < 20 ft (3048 mm) (6096 mm i Opening4 Not permitted < 5 ft (1524 mm) Not permitted < 5 ft (1524 mm) J/4 hr <20 ft (6096 mm) 3/4 hr <20 ft (6096 mm) Minimum distance from property lines No requirement No requirement Bearing wail 3 hr 2 hi m . N 1 hr _ " Ih r N H-5 No separation required No separation required C C u B M . F-2 H*2. H-3'5 Wall or floor 1 hr 1 hr p A H-6 H -7 'f M Opening l hr 1 hr C Y S*1.S-2. S*3. S-5. U*1 Percentage ol opening No limitation No limitation h T F E P Wan or floor5 3 nr 3 hr R A R Opening 3 hr 3 nr | 0 R A T Percentage of opening* Not more than 25% } Not more than 25% | P R 0 H 7 1 20 A-1.A-2. A-2 1 . A-3 A-4 E 1 Wall or floor 4 hr 4 hr T Opening No Openings permitted No openings permitted C Wall 4 hr 211. 4 hr 2 hr 1 A ru Opening 3 hr f ' l hr 3 hr t ' / j hr 0 N wail* '0 Percentage ol openings" Not more than 25% Not more than 25* Shaft Wan 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr enclosure'3 Openings 1W hr 1 hr 1 hr Permanent partitions'3 t hr 1 hr N 1 hr N 1 hr or H T 1 hr ; N ! Floors'* 2 hr 1 hr N 1 nr N HT 1 hr j N Roots 2 hr 1 hr t nr N 1 hr N HT 1 hr 1 H Structural trame1 4 i 3 hr 2 hr 1 hr I N 1 hr N 1 hr or H T 1 hr : N F R = F ire re sistiv e H T = H eavy u m b e r S e e S e c tio n 6 0 5 6 N = N o genera] re q u ire m e n t fo r O re re sista n c e < = L e s s th a n J = E q u a l to o r g re a te r th a n (Footnotes continued on folftjw m g page, i 71 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. F R = Fire re s is ts e H T = Heavy um ber See Section 60S 6 N = No general requirem ent for fire resistance < = L ess than 2 = Equal to o r greater than l A r e a in d icated is th e b a sic a llo w a b le a r e a fo r b u ild in g s o n e s to ry in h e ig h t S e e S e c u o n 504.1 S ee S e c u o n 5 0 4 .2 fo r are a s o f b u ild in g s o v e r o n e story. S e c tio n 5 0 4 3 for th e a r e a o f b u ild in g s w ith a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y . S e c u o n 5 0 4 4 fo r th e a r e a o f m e z zan in es a n d S e c u o n SOS fo r a llo w a b le a r e a in c re a s e s 2S c c S ectio n 2 0 9 f o r d e f u u u o n o f b u ild in g h e ig h t S e e S e c u o n 5 0 6 fo r e x c e p tio n s j R e g a rd le ss o f ty p e o f c o n s tn ic u o n o r fir e - r e s is u v e r e q u ir e m e n ts fo r e x te n o r w a lls, c e rtain e le m e n ts o f w a lls fro n tin g o n p u b lic w a y s o r y a rd s h a v in g a w id th o f at lea st 4 0 feet (1 2 192 m m ) m ay b e c o n s tru c te d o f co m b u stib le m ate* n a b S ee S e c u o n 6 01 5 4 4T h e sum o f the area o f su ch o p e n in g s sh a ll not e x c e e d SO p e rc e n t o f th e to tal area o f th e w all in e a c h sto ry S e e S e c u o n 5 0 3 2 ^ r o u p H . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c ie s c o n ta in in g q u a n titie s o f h a w d n .» « m a te n a ls in excess o f th o se set fo rth in T ab le 3 -G sh a ll b e lo c a te d in a o n e -sto ry b u ild in g u se d fo r no o th e r p u rp o se a n d w h ic h is w ith o u t b a se m e n ts, c ra w l spaces o r o th e r u n d e r-flo o r s p a c e s S e e S e c tio n 3 0 7 .2 .9 * In C ro u p H . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c ie s n o t le ss th a n 2 5 p e r c e n t o f th e p e rim e t e r w a ll o f th e o c c u p a n c y s h a ll b e a n e x te n o r w a ll. S e e S e c u o n 3 0 7 .3 fo r e x c e p - u o n s 7W a lls o r p o rtio n s o f w a lls u s e d f o r e x p lo s io n v e n tin g s h a ll b e lo c a te d n o t le ss th a n 5 0 feet (1 5 2 4 0 m m ) fro m a n y p ro p e rty lin e , in c lu d in g th o s e o n a p u b lic w a y S ee S e c u o n 3 0 7 .1 0 . Ite m 4 1 D ista n c e s vary d ep e n d in g o n flo o r a re a , lo ca tio n o f e x p lo s io n v en tin g an d q u a n - u u e s o f sto red m a te ria ls S e e T ab le 3 -F D ista n c e s a re m e a su re d h o rn th e w a lls e n c lo sin g th e o c c u p a n c y to a il p ro p e rty lin e s, in c lu d in g th o s e o n a p u b lic w ay 9A four-hour a re a se p a ra u o n w a ll is re q u ire d b e tw e e n a liq u id s to ra g e w a re h o u se ( C ro u p H . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y ) a n d a ll o th e r u s e s . S e e S e c tio n 3 0 7 I 5 l0S e e S ecu o n 3 07.1.3 an d 3 0 7 I 4 fo r th e re q u ire m e n ts fo r liq u id u se . d isp e n sin g a n d m ix in g ro o m s a n d liq u id s to ra g e ro o m s " A s s e m b ly ro o m s h av in g a flo o r area o f not o v e r 7 5 0 s q u a re fe e t (6 9 7 m 2 ) n ee d n o t be sep arated fro m th e u se s to w h ic h th ey a re a c c e ss o ry S e e S e c u o n 3 0 2 .1. E x c e p tio n 2.1 >2A C ro u p H . D iv isio n 1 O c c u p a n c y is n o t p e r m itte d in a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y b u ild in g ,3 W h e n an area se p a ra u o n w a ll a lso se p a ra te s o c c u p a n c ie s th at a re re q u ired to be se p a ra te d by a n o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra u o n . th e m o s t r e s tn c u v e re q u ir e m e n ts o f e a c h se p a ra u o n sh a ll ap p ly . S e c S e c u o n 5 0 4 6.1 ,4 W h e re area se p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b e tw e e n p o rtio n s o f a b u ild in g h a v in g d if fe re n t types o f c o n s tn ic u o n . th e m o s t re s tn c u v e re q u ir e m e n ts s h a ll g o v e rn l5S e e S ectio n s 7 1 1.1 a n d 7 1 1 2 fo r e x c e p tio n s S e e S ectio n s 1005 3 3 .2 a n d 1 0 0 5 3 3 5 fo r e x it e n c lo s u r e re q u ire m e n ts l6T h e to tal w id th o f a ll o p e n in g s tn a n y sto ry sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 2 5 perc e n t o f (he w a ll len g th in th a t sto ry S e e S e c tio n 5 0 4 6 2 l7 ln T y p e I an d T y p e II c o n s tru c tio n , f ire -re ta rd a n t- tr e a te d w o o d a s d e f in e d in S e c u o n 207 m a y b e u s e d in th e a s s e m b ly p r o v id e d ftrc -re s ts ta n c e re q u ir e m e n ts are m a in ta in e d T h e u s e o f firc -re ta rd a n t- tr e a te d w o o d is n o t p e rm itte d u i p a ru u o n s w h ic h a re a p a n o f a s h a f t e n c lo s u r e . S e e S e c tio n s 6 0 2 .1 a n d 6 0 3 1 ^ S tr u c tu ra l fra m e e le m e n ts in a n e x te n o r w a ll th at is lo c a te d w h e re o p en in g s are n o t p e r m u te d o r w h e re p ro te c tio n o f o p e n in g s is r e q u ir e d s h a ll b e p ro tec ted ag a in st e x te rn a l fire e x p o s u r e a s r e q u ir e d fo r e x te n o r b e a n n g w a lls o r the stru c tu ra l fra m e , w h ic h e v e r is g re a te r S e e T a b le 6 -A . F o o tn o te I ,9C ro u p H . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c ie s n e e d n o t b e s e p a ra te d fr o m C r o u p H . D iv i sio n 7 O c c u p a n c ie s w h e n s u c h o c c u p a n c ie s a ls o c o m p ly w ith th e requirem ents fo r a G r o u p H . D iv isio n 7 O c c u p a n c y S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 4 . E x c e p tio n 4 20A ll o p e n in g s in flo o rs fo rm in g a th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra u o n shall b e pro te c te d by sh a ft, stairw ay, ra m p o r e s c a la to r en c lo su re s e x te n d in g ab o v e an d b e low s u c h o p e n in g s T h e w a lls o f s u c h e n c lo s u r e s sh a ll n o t b e o f less th an rw o -h o u r fire -re s is u v e c o n s tru c tio n w ith a ll o p e n in g s th e re in p ro te c te d by a A re a sse m b ly h a v in g a one* a n d o n e - h a lf-h o u r ftre -p ro te c tio n ra u n g S ee S ec tio n 3 0 2 .3 . Ite m 2 E X C E P T I O N : W h e n th e w a lls o f s u c h e n c lo s u r e e x te n d in g below th e th re e -h o u r fire -re s is u v e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n to th e fo u n d a tio n are p ro v id e d w ith a flre -re sisu v e ra u n g o f n o t le ss th a n th re e h o u rs w ith o p en in g s th e re in p ro te c te d a s re q u ire d f o r w a its fo rm in g th r e e - h o u r o cc u p an c y s e p a n u o n s . th e e n c lo su re w a lls e x te n d in g a b o v e su c h flo o r u sed as the th re e -h o u r flre -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra u o n m ay h a v e a o n e-h o u r fire -re s is u v e r a u n g p ro v id e d 1 T h e o c c u p a n c y a b o v e is n o t r e q u ir e d to b e o f T y p e I o r T y p e I! f ire -re s is u v e c o n s tru c tio n , an d 2 . T h e e n c lo su r e w a lls d o n o t e n c lo s e a n e x it sta irw a y , a ra m p o r an e s c a la to r re q u ire d to h a v e e n c lo s u r e w a lls o f n o t le s s d u n tw o -h o u r fire -re s is u v e c o n s tru c tio n 2 lT h e to ta l w id th o f all o p e n in g s in a n y s to ry s h a ll n o t e x c e e d 2 5 p ercen t o f th e w all le n g th tn th a t sto n r an d n o s in g le o p e n in g s h a ll h a v e a n a r e a g re a te r th an 120 s q u a r e fe e t ( I I n r ) . S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 .3 . Ite m 2 22E x te n o r b e a n n g a n d n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T y p e III a n d T y p e IV c o n stru c tio n sh all b e c o n s tru c te d o f n o n c o m b u s u b le m a te n a ls W h e n n o n b e a n n g w a Jh o f T ype III an d T y p e IV c o n stn ic u o n fro n t o n p u b lic w a y s o r y a rd s hav in g a w idth o f at le a st 4 0 fe et (1 2 192 n u n ), a p p r o v e d fire -re ta rd a n t- tr e a te d w o o d fram ing m ay b e u s e d w ith in th e a s s e m b ly W h e r e fire -re ta rd a n t- tr e a te d w o o d is used, th e re q u ire d fire re s is ta n c e fo r th e e x t e n o r w a lls s h a ll b e m a in ta in e d a n d th e e x p o se d o u te r a n d in n er fa ces o f su c h w a lls s h a ll b e n o n c o m b u su b le . S ee S ec tio n 5 0 3 4.3 W o o d c o lu m n s a n d a rc h e s c o n f o rm in g to h e a v y - u m b e r s iz e s m a y b e used e x te rn a lly f o r w a lls lo c a te d 4 0 fe et ( 1 2 192 m m ) o r m u re fr o m th e property lin e S e e S e c u o n 5 0 3 4 4 ^ F b r sp e c ia l p ro v is io n s o n h ig h ly to x ic m a te r ia ls , s e e th e F ire C o d e S ee T able 3 -B . F o o tn o te 2 24E x c e p t fo r s u rfa c in g , flo o rs sh a ll b e o f n o o c o m b u s tib le . liq u id - u g h t c o n stru c tio n in a r e a s c o n ta in in g h a z a rd o u s m a te n a ls a n d tn a r e a s w h e re m o to r v e h ic le s. b o a ts, h e lic o p te rs o r airp la n es are sto re d , re p a ire d o r o p e ra te d In G roup H . D iv isio n s 4 a n d S O c c u p a n c ie s , flo o rs m a y b e s u rf a c e d o r w a te rp ro o fed w ith a s p h a ltic p a v in g m a te ria ls in th a t p o rtio n o f th e fa c ility w h e re n o re p air w o rk is d o n e . S e e S e c tio n 3 0 7 2 .2 25S ee S e c u o n 3 0 2 .5 fo r h e a u n g e q u ip m e n t ro o m o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n re q u ire m en ts 72 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP H, DIVISION 5 OCCUPANCY Group H, Division 5 Occupancy. Aircraft repair hangars and heliports not classified as Group S. Division 5. o f c o u o u s n a u 1* FJ» Area (SQ ft I1 1 8 11.200 (1040 m3) 7.500 (697 m*) 7 5 0 0 (697 m*) 8.600 (818 m 2) 5.100 (474 m2) 11.200 (1040 m 2) See Stones 160 (48 768 mm) (1 9 8 1 2 m m ) (12 192 mm) (16 764 mm) (15 240 mm) Beanng wan 1 hr < 6 0 ft (16 288 mm) 4 hr t hr 4 hr. 1 hr. 4 hr < 4 0 ft (1 2 1 9 2 mm) 1 hr < 6 0 ft (18 288 mm) 1 hr < 60 ft (18 288 mmj 4 hr < 4 0 f t (12 192 mm) 1 hr < 6 0 ft. (18 288 mm) 1 hr < 6 0 f t (1 8 2 8 8 m m ) 1 hr J/4 hr < 6 0 ft (18 288 mm) J/4 hr < 6 0 ft (18 2 8 8 m m ) 3 hr 2 hr 1 hr t h r No separation re w ired No separation reowred 1 hi Opening 1 hr S-3. S*5. U-1 No limitation Wail or floor5 3 hr 3 hr Opening ) 3 hr 3 hr Not m ore than 25% Not m ore than 25% W afior floor 4 hr Opening No openings permitted permuted Wail 2 hr 4 hr 4 hr Opening 3 hr 3 hr Not m ore than 25% Not Wan 2 nr 1 hr 1 hr Permanent partitions1 3 1 hr 1 hr or H T I h r 1 hr H T 1 hr 1 hr Roofs 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr M T 1 hr Structural fram e14 2 hr 3 hr 1 hr o r H T 1 hr 1 hr 1 hr F R L e ss th a n < H T N H e av y a m b e r S e e S e c tio n 6 0 5 6 N o g e n e ra l re q u ire m e n t fo r fire re s is ta n c e (Footnotes continued on follow ing page.) 73 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 'A r e a in d icate d is th e basic a llo w a b le a r e a fo r b u ild in g s o n e stor> in h eig h t S ec S ectio n 504 I S ee S ection 50* 2 fo r a re a s o r b u ild in g s o s c r o n e s to ry S ection SO* 3 fo r th e a re a o f b u ild in g s w ith a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y S e c tio n 5 04 4 fo r th e a re a o f m e z z a n in e s a n d S e c tio n 5 0 5 fo r a llo w a b le a r e a in c re a se s •S e c S ectio n 2 0 9 fo r d e fin itio n o f b u ild in g h e ig h t S ee S e c tio n 5 0 6 fo r e x c e p tio n s ^R eg ard le ss o f ty p e o f c o n s tru c tio n o r fire -re s is tiv e re q u ire m e n ts fo r e x te n o r w alls, c e rta in e le m e n ts o f w a lls f r o n tin g o n p u b lic w a y s o r y ard s h a v in g a w id th o f at least 4 0 feet 112 192 m m i m ay b e c o n stru c te d o f c o m b u stib le m a te n a ls S e e S e a to n 601 5 4 4T h e sum o f the a re a o f such o p en in g s s h a ll n o t ex c e e d 5 0 percen t o f the total area o f th e w a ll in e a c h story S e c S e c tio n 5 0 ? 2 5A ll o p e n in g s in flo o rs fa n n in g a th r e e - h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n sh all b e pro tec te d by shaft, stairw ay, ro m p o r e s c a la to r e n c lo su re s e x te n d in g above an d b e low su c h o p e n in g s T h e w a lls o f s u c h e n c lo s u r e s sh a ll n o t b e o f less th an tw o -h o u r fire -re sistiv e c o n s tru c tio n w ith a ll o p e n in g s th e re in p ro te c te d by a fire assem bly h av in g a o n e- an d o n e - h a lf-h o u r fire -p ro te c tio n ratin g S ee S e c tio n 3 0 2 .3 . Item 2 E X C E P T I O N : W h e n th e w a lls o f su c h e n c lo s u r e e x te n d in g below th e th re e -h o u r fire -re sistiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n to th e fo u n d a tio n a re p ro v id e d w ith a fire-resistive ra tin g o f n o t less th an th ree hours w ith o p en in g s th e re in p ro te c te d os re q u ir e d fo r w a lls fo rm in g th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y separauon*. th e e n c lo su re w a lls e x te n d in g a b o v e su ch floor u sed os the th re e -h o u r fire -re sistiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n m ay h av e a o n e -h o u r fire -re sistiv e ra tin g p ro v id e d 1 T h e o c c u p a n c y a b o v e is n o t re q u ire d to b e o f T y p e I o r T y p e U fin e-resistiv e c o n stru c tio n , a n d 2 T h e e n c lo su re w a lls d o n o t e n c lo s e a n e x it sta irw a y , a ro m p o r an e s c a la to r re q u ire d to h a v e e n c lo s u r e w a lls o f n o t le ss th an tw o -h o u r fire -re sistiv e c o n stru c tio n *The to tal w id th o f a ll o p e n in g s in a n y sto ry s h a ll n o t e x c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e w a ll len g th in th a t story a n d n o s in g le o p e n in g sh a ll h a v e a n a re a g re a te r th an 120 sq u a re feet i l l m - ) S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 3 . Ite m 2 7A C ro u p H . D iv isio n I O c cu p an c y is n o t p e rm itte d in a m ix e d occupancy b u ild in g S ee S ectio n 307 2 b C ro u p H . D iv is io n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s co n ta in in g q u a n titie s o f h az ard o u s m ateria ls in e x c e s s o f th o se set fo rth in T able ?-C shall be located in a o ne-story b u ild in g u s e d fo r n o o th e r p u rp o se an d w h ich is w ith o u t b a se m e n ts, craw l sp a c e s o r o th e r u n d e r-flo o r s p a c e s S e e S ectio n 307 2 9 'T h e fo llo w in g o c c u p a n c ie s n e e d n o t b e se p a ra te d fro m th e u se s to w h ic h they a re accessory 1 A ssem b ly ro o m s h a v in g a f lo o r a r e a o f n o t o v e r 7 5 0 sq u are feet <69 7 m - j S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 I . E x c e p tio n 2 I 2 A d m in istra tiv e an d clerical o f f ic e s an d sim ila r ro o m s w h ich in th e a g g re g ate d o n o t ex c ee d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e flo o r a re a of th e m ajo r use w hen not re la te d to G ro u p H . D iv is io n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s S e e S e c tio n 3 02 I. E x c e p tio n 2 2 ’ W h e n on a re a s e p a ra tio n w all a lso se p a ra te s occ u p an c ie s th at are re q u ire d to be se p a ra te d by a n o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n , th e m ost re stric tiv e re q u ire m e n ts of e a c h s e p a ra tio n sh a ll ap p ly S e e S e c tio n 5 0 4 6 I l0W h e rc a re a s e p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b e tw e e n p o rtio n s o f a b u ild in g h a v in g d if fc re n t ty p e s o f c o n s tru c tio n , th e m o st re stric tiv e re q u ire m e n ts sh all g o v e rn S e e S e c tio n 6 0 1 " T h e to ta l w id th o f all o p e n in g s in an y story shall not e x c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e w a ll le n g th in th a t sto ry S e e S e c tio n 5 0 4 6 2 '- S e e S e c tio n s 7 1 1 1 a n d 711 2 f o r e x c e p tio n s S e e S e c tio n s 1 005 3 3 2 a n d 1 005 3 3 5 fo r exit e n c lo su re re q u ire m e n ts " i n T y p e I a n d T y p e II c o n s tru c tio n , fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d o s d e fin e d in S e c tio n 2 0 7 m a y b e u se d in th e a sse m b ly p ro v id e d fire -rc sista n c e re q u ire m e n ts a re m a in ta in e d T h e u s e o f fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is not p erm itted tn p a rtitio n s w h ic h a r e a p a rt o f a s h a ft e n c lo su re S e e S e c tio n s 6 0 2 I a n d 6 0 3 1 " S tr u c tu r a l fra m e e le m e n ts in an e x te n o r w all that is located w h ere o p en in g s are n o t p e rm itte d o r w h e r e p ro te c tio n o f o p e n in g s is re q u ire d shall b e p ro te c te d a g a in st e x te rn a l fire e x p o s u r e a s re q u ire d fo r e x te n o r b e a n n g w a lls o r th e stru c tu ra l f r a m e , w h ic h e v e r is g re a te r S e e T a b le 6 - A . F o o tn o te I i5 A fo u r-h o u r a r e a s e p a ra tio n w a ll ts re q u ire d b e tw e e n a liq u id s to ra g e w a r e h o u s e (G ro u p H . D iv is io n 3 O c c u p a n c y > an d all o th e r u ses S e e S e c tio n 3 0 7 1.5 16A G ro u p H . D iv is io n 4 O c c u p a n c y h a v in g a flo o r a r e a n o t e x c e e d in g 2 .5 0 0 s q u a re feet (2 3 2 m : > m ay h a v e e x te n o r w a lls o f not less th an tw o -h o u r firc-re- s ts tiv e co n stru c tio n w h e n n o t less th an 5 feet (1 5 2 4 m m i fro m the property line a n d n o t le ss th a n o n e - h o u r fire -re s is tiv e c o n stru c tio n w h e n less th a n 2 0 feet (6 0 9 6 m m i f r o m th e p ro p e rty lin e S e c S e a to n 5 0 3 .4 7 l7E x te n o r b e a n n g a n d n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T y p e III a n d T y p e IV c o n stru c tio n sh a ll b e c o n s tru c te d o f n o n c o m b u s u b le m a te n a ls W h e n n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T y p e III and T y p e IV c o n stru c tio n from o n p u b lic w ay s o r yard s h av in g a w idth o f at lea st 4 0 fe e t (1 2 192 m m ), a p p r o v e d fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d fram in g m ay b e u se d w ith in th e a s s e m b ly W h e re fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is u sed , th e re q u ire d fir e re s is ta n c e fo r th e e x te n o r w a lls sh all b e m a in ta in e d an d th e e x p o s e d o u te r a n d in n e r fa ces o f su ch w a lls shall be n o n c o m b u su b le S ee S ec - tio n 5 0 3 .4 3 W o o d c o lu m n s a n d a r c h e s c o n f o rm in g to heavy -tim b e r sizes m ay b e u sed e x te rn a lly f o r w a lls lo c a te d 4 0 fe e t (1 2 192 m m ) o r m o re fro m th e p ro p e n y lin e S e e S e c tio n 5 0 3 4 4 " F o r sp e c ia l p ro v is io n s o n h ig h ly to x ic m a te ria ls, see th e F ire C o d e S e e T ab le 3 -B . F o o tn o te 2 1’ E x c e p t fo r s u rf a c in g , flo o rs sh a ll b e o f n o n c o m b u su b le . liq u id -tig h t c o n s tru c tio n in a re a s c o n ta in in g h a z a rd o u s m a te n a ls an d in a re a s w h e re m o to r v e h ic le s. b o ats, h e lic o p te rs o r airp la n e s are sto red , repaired o r o p erated In G ro u p H . D iv is io n s 4 a n d 5 O c c u p a n c ie s , flo o rs m ay b e su rfa c e d o r w a te rp ro o fe d w ith a s p h a ltic p a v in g m a te ria ls in th a t p o rtio n o f th e fa cility w h e re n o re p a ir w o rk is d o n e S e e S e c tio n 3 0 7 2 2 2 °S ce S e c tio n 3 0 2 5 fo r h e a tin g e q u ip m e n t ro o m o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n re q u ire m en ts 74 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP H, DIVISIONS 6 AND 7 OCCUPANCIES G ro u p H. Division 6 O ccupancy Sem iconductor fabrication facilities and comparable research and development areas when the facilities tn which hazardous production matenals (HPM i are used and the aggregate quantity of matenals are in excess of those listed in Table 3-D or 3-E. Such laciliiiev and areas shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section 307.11. G roup H. Division 7 O ccupancy. Occupancies having quantities of matenals in excess o f those listed in Table 3-E that are health hazards, including 1 . C orrosi\ev E X C E P T I O N : S ta tio n a ry le a d -a c id b a tte ry sy s te m s 2. Toxic and highly toxic m atenals 4. Sensitizers 3 Im tants 5. Other health hazards. t y p e MONCOMBUSTtSLE c o m b u s t ib l e 1 * SUBJECT F R . F.R. H T. 39.90C (3707 m*) 18.000 (1672 m*) 18.000 (1672 m*) 12.000 (1115 m*) 14.000 (1301 m*> 8 0 0 0 (743 m2) Unlimited (19812 mm) (16 764 mm) (16 764 mm) (15 240 mm) (12 192 mmi , (1524 mmi 2 nr < 10 ft (3048 mm, i nr < 20 R (6096 mm) (1524 mm) 2 hr < 10 ft (3048 mm) 1 hr 2 lO tr (3048mm) Bearing wait 4 hr 4 hr (1524 mm) 2 hr < 10 ft (3048 mm) 1 hr 2 10 ft (3048 mm) (1524 mm, 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr < 10 ft (3048 mmi 1 hr < 40 ft (12 192 mm i 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr <10 ft (3048 mm) 1 hr <20 ft (6096 mm) 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr < 10 ft. (3048 mm) 1 hr <40(1.(12192 mm) (3048 mm i i (6096 mmi Not oerrmtled < 5 ft (1524 mm, Not 3r4 hr <20 ft (6096 mm) V4 hr < 2 0ft (6096m m ) Minimum distance Irom Bearing wai: 2 nr 3 nr 1 hr 1 hr 1 hr Opening 1 hr S-2 S-3 Percentage j S-5 No bmrtation of opening ' Wail or Door 2 hr H-2 3 hr U-1 | Percentage 1 I ot opening* l Not more than 25' Not more than 25 A-1 A-2 A-2 1 4 hr 4 hr No openings permitted No openings permitted 2 hr wan 4 hr 2 hr 4 hr 3 hr Area separation wail* j Percentage j of _______________I openings1 1 Not more than 2 5 *> < Not more than 25% 2 hr 1 hr Shaft enclosure’ Openings j 1 hr 1 hr Permanent partitions1 3 t hr 1 hr 1 hr 1 hr or H T Floors 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr 2 nr 1 hr 1 hr 1 hr 1 hr Structural trame1 4 1 hr or H T 1 hr 1 hr (Footnotes appear on follow ing page. I 75 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 'A r e a in d ic a te d is the basic a llo w a b le a re a fo r b u ild in g s o n e sto ry tn height S e c S e c tio n SOI 1 S ee Section 5 0 4 2 fo r a re a s o f b u ild in g s o v e r o n e story. S ectio n 5G4 3 fo r th e a r e a o f b u ild in g s w ith a m ix e d o cc u p an c y . S e c tio n 5 0 4 4 fo r th e a r e a o f m e z z a n in e s an d S e c tio n 5 0 5 fo r a llo w a b le a r e a in c re a se s 2S e e S e c tio n 2 0 9 fo r d efin itio n o f b u ild in g h eig h t S e e S e c tio n 5 06 fo r e x c e p tio n s T h e h e ig h t o f one-story airc ra ft h a n g a rs an d b u ild in g s u sed fo r m a n u fa c tu r in g o f a irc ra ft sh a ll n o t b e lim ite d i f th e b u ild in g is p ro v id e d w ith a u to m a tic s p rin k le r s y s te m s th ro u g h o u t, a s s p e c if ie d in C h a p te r 9 . a n d is e n tire ly s u r ro u n d e d by p u b lic w ays o r y ard s not less in w id th th an o n e- a n d o n e -h a lf u m e s th e b u ild in g h eig h t S ee S e c tio n 5 0 6 . E x c e p tio n 2 3R e g a rd le s s o f ty p e o f c o n stru c tio n o r fire -re s is u v e re q u ire m e n ts fo r e x te n o r w a lls , c e rta in e le m e n ts o f w a lls fro n tin g o n p u b lic w a y s o r y a rd s h a v in g a w id th o f at lea st 40 feet (12 192 m m i m ay b e c o n stru c te d o f co m b u stib le m a te r ia ls S e e S e c tio n 601 5 4 4T h e su m o f th e a re a o f such o p en in g s sh all n o t ex ceed 50 p ercen t o f th e total area o f th e w a ll in e a c h story S e e S e c tio n 5 0 3 2 3 A ll o p e n in g s tn flo o rs fo rm in g a th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n sh all b e p ro te c te d by sh aft, stairw ay, ra m p o r e sc a la to r en c lo su res e x te n d in g a b o v e a n d b e lo w s u c h o p e n in g s T h e w a lls o f su c h e n c lo su r e s sh all n o t b e o f le ss th a n tw o -h o u r f ire -re s is m e c o n s tru c tio n w ith a ll o p e n in g s th e re in p ro te c te d by a fire a sse m b ly h av in g a one- a n d o n e -h a lf-h o u r fire -p ro te c tto n ra tin g S ee S e c tio n 3 0 2 .3 . Ite m 2 E X C E P T I O N : W h e n th e w a lls o f s u c h e n c lo su re e x te n d in g b elo w t h e th re e -h o u r fire -re sistiv e o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n to th e fo u n d a tio n a re p ro v id e d w ith a fire -re sisu v e rating o f not less th an th ree h o u rs w ith o p e n in g s th e re in protected as re q u ire d fo r w a lls fo rm in g th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n s, the e n c lo su re w a lls e x te n d in g a b o v e su ch flo o r used as th e th r e e - h o u r fire -re sistiv e o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n m ay h a v e a o n e - h o u r f u r - r e s is tiv e ra tin g p ro v id e d 1 T h e occu p an cy a b o v e is n o t re q u ire d to b e o f T y p e I o r T y p e 1 1 fire -re s is tiv e c o n stru c tio n , an d 2 T h e en c lo su re w a lls d o n o t e n c lo se a n e x it sta irw a y , a ra m p o r a n e s c a la to r re q u ired to h a v e e n c lo su r e w a lls o f n o t le ss th a n tw o -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e c o n stru c tio n 6T h c to ta l w id th o f all o p e n in g s m any sto ry sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 2 5 p e rc e n t o f th e w a ll le n g th in th at story a n d n o s in g le o p e n in g sh a ll h av e a n a r e a g re a te r th a n 1 20 s q u a r e fe e t 111 m*) S e e S e c u o n 3 0 2 3. Ite m 2 7A C ro u p H . D iv isio n 1 O c cu p an c y is n o t p e rm itte d tn a m ix ed o c c u p a n c y b u ild in g S e e S e c tio n 307 2 8 C ro u p H . D iv isio n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s co n ta in in g q u a n titie s o f h azard o u s m ateria ls in e x c e ss o f th o se se t fo rth tn T ab le 3 -C shall b e lo c a te d in a one-sto ry b u ild in g u se d fo r n o o th er p u rp o se an d w h ich is w ith o u t b a s e m e n ts , craw l sp ac es o r o th e r u n d e r-flo o r sp ac es. S e e S e c tio n 3 0 7 2 9 * T h e fo llo w in g o c c u p a n c ie s n e e d not b e se p a ra te d fro m th e u se s to w h ic h they a r e a c c e sso ry 1 A s s e m b ly ro o m s h a v in g a flo o r a r e a o f not o v e r 7 5 0 s q u a r e feet (6 9 7 m -1 S e e S e a to n 302 I . E x c e p tio n 2 1 2 A d m in istr a tiv e and cle rical o ffic e s a n d sim ilar room s w h ich in the a g g r e g a te d o not exceed 25 p ercen t o f th e flo o r a re a o f th e m ajo r u se w h e n not re la te d to C r o u p H . D iv isio n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 I E x c e p tio n 2 2 9 W h e n a n a re a s e p a ra tio n w all also sep a rate s o cc u p a n c ie s that a re re q u ire d to be s e p a ra te d by a n o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n , th e m o st re stric tiv e re q u ir e m e n ts o l e a c h s e p a ra tio n sh a ll apply S e e S e a to n S04 6 1 , 0 W h e re a r e a s e p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b e tw e e n p o n to n s o f a b u ild in g h a v in g d if fe re n t ty p e s o f c o n s tru c tio n th e m o st re stric tiv e re q u ire m e n ts s h a ll g o v e rn S e e S e c u o n 6 0 1 1 ‘T h e to ta l w id th o f a ll o p e n in g s in any sto ry sh all n o t ex c e e d 2 5 p e r c e n t o f th e w a ll le n g th in th a t sto ry S e e S e a io n 5 0 4 6 2 ‘- S e c S e c tio n s 71 1 .1 a n d 7 1 1 2 fo r e x c e p tio n s S e e S e a io n s 1 005 3.3 2 a n d 1005 3 3 5 fo r e x it e n c lo su re r e q u ir e m e n ts , 3 In T y p e 1 a n d T y p e It c o n stru c tio n , fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d a s d e f in e d in S e c tio n 2 0 7 m ay b e u se d in th e a sse m b ly p ro v id e d fire -re sssta n c e r e q u ir e m e n ts a r e m a in ta in e d T h e u s e o f fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w ood is n o t p e r m u te d in p a r titio n s w h ic h a rc a p a n o f a s h a ft e n c lo su re S e e S e a i o n s 6 0 2 I a n d 6 0 3 1 , 4 S ir u c tu ra l fra m e e le m e n ts in an e x te n o r w all that is located w h e re o p e n in g s are n o t p e r m itte d o r w h e re p ro te c tio n o f o p e n in g s is re q u ire d sh a ll b e p ro te c te d a g a in s t e x te rn a l fire e x p o su re as re q u ire d fo r e x te n o r b e a n n g w a lls o r th e s i r u a u r a l fr a m e , w h ic h e v e r is g re a te r S e e T ab le 6 -A . F o o tn o te 1 l5 S e e S e c tio n 5 0 8 f o r p e rm itte d s u b stitu tio n o f an a u to m a tic s p n n k lc r s y s te m w h e re o n e - h o u r fire -re sistiv e c o n stru c tio n is re q u ire d th ro u g h o u t p r o v id e d s u c h s y s te m is n o t o th e rw is e re q u ire d th ro u g h o u t th e b u ild in g l6 T h e a r e a in c re a s e s a llo w e d b y S ectio n 5 0 5 I sh a ll n o t ex c e e d 5 0 0 pe r ce n t e x c e p t a s p e r m itte d b y S e a io n 50 5 .2 fo r u n lim ite d a re a i 7 A f o u r -h o u r a r e a se p a ra tio n w a ll is re q u ire d b e tw e e n a liq u id s to r a g e w a r e h o u s e (G ro u p H . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y ) an d all o th e r u ses S e e S e c tio n 3 0 7 ‘ • E x t c n o r b e a n n g a n d n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T y p e III a n d T ype (V c o n s tru c tio n s h a ll b e c o n s tru c te d o f n o n c o m b u stib le m a te n a ls W h e n n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T y p e III and T y p e IV co n stru c tio n front o n p u b lic w a y s o r yards h a v in g a w id th o f at le a st 4 0 feet (1 2 192 m m ), a p p ro v e d fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d fra m in g m a y b e u s e d w ith in th e asse m b ly W h e re fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is u se d , th e r e q u ir e d fire re s is ta n c e fo r th e e x ic n o r w a lls sh a ll b e m a in ta in e d a n d th e e x p o s e d o u te r an d in n e r fa ces o f such w a lls shall b e n o n c o m b u su b le S e e S e c tio n 5 0 3 4 3 W o o d c o lu m n s a n d a rc h e s c o n fo rm in g to h e a v y -u m b e r siz e s m a y b e u se d e x te rn a lly f o r w a lls lo c a te d 4 0 feet ( 1 2 192 m m ) o r m o re fr o m (h e p ro p e rty lin e S e e S e c tio n 5 0 3 4 4 l9 F o r s p e c ia l p ro v is io n s o n h ig h ly to x ic m a te n a ls. se e th e F ire C o d e S e e T a b le 3 -B . F o o tn o te 2 20E x c e p t fo r s u rfa c in g , flo o rs sh a ll b e o f n o n c o m b u su b le . liq u id -tig h t c o n s tr u c tio n in a r e a s c o n ta in in g h a z a rd o u s m a te ria ls a n d tn are a s w h e re m o to r v e h ic le s . b o a ts, h elico p te rs o r airplanes a re sto red , re p aire d o r o p e ra te d In G ro u p H . D iv is io n s 4 a n d 5 O c c u p a n c ie s, flo o rs m ay b e su rfa c e d o r w a te rp ro o f e d w ith a s p h a ltic p a v in g m a te n a ls in th a t p o rtio n o f th e facility w h e re n o re p a ir w o rk is d o n e S e e S e a io n 3 07 2 2 - 'S e e S e a t o n 3 0 2 5 fo r h e a tin g eq u ip m e n t ro o m o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n r e q u ir e m e n ts 76 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP I, DIVISIONS 1.1 AND 1.2 OCCUPANCIES G roup I. Division 1.1 O ccupancy. Nurvcncv to r the full-time care of children under the age of six teach accom m odating more than five children) Hospitals, sanitariums, nursing homes with nonambulatory persons and similar buildings teach accom m odating more than five patients) G ro u p I. Division 1.2 Occupancy. Health-care centers tor ambulatory patients receiving outpatient medical care which may render the patient incapa ble of unassisted self-preservation (Each tenant space accommodating more than five such patients. > TYPE H I O f COMBUSTIBLE” MONCOMBUS718LE SUBJECT 5.200 (483 m*) 6 800 (632 m2, IS too (14C3 m?) 6 600 <632 m2) 6.800 (632 m2) I Stories 1602* (46 768 mmi 6 5 * (19 812 mm) (15 240 mm) (19 812 mm) 2 hr < 5 h (1524 mm) 1 hr 2 Sn (1524 mm) Bearing wail (1524 mmi 4 hr 4 hr 4 hr 2 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mmi 2 hr <20 ft (6096 mm) 1 hr <40 ft (12 192 mm) 4 hr <40 ft (12 192 mm) Nonbearing ■ wall I 4 hr < 40 ft (12 192 mm; (1524 mm) Not permitted < 5 ft (1524 mm) Not perm*fted < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2/4 hr < 10 tt \ hr « 10 tt (3048 mm) 3/4 hr < 20 ft (6096 mmi V *h r <20 ft (6096 mmi ! 3'4 hr <20 ft (6096 mmi 1 hr 1 hr 1 hr 1 hr Opening 1 hr No limitation Not permitted 2 hr A-3 B F-2 M S-1 S-2 Percentage j of opening ; No hmitation 3 hr 3 hr Opening I 3 hr 3 hr Not more than Not more tftan 25' Not more than 25* 4 hr 4 hr Opening No openings permitted • No openings permitted Wan 4 hr 4 hr 4 hr 3 hr 3 hr Area separation w a d 4 1 0 Not more than Not more man 25^. Not more than 25% Wad t hr 1 hr 1 hr Permanent wm tions! i t hr H T t hr 1 h r ,s Boots HT 1 hr Structural frame'4 3 hr 2 hr F R a F ire re sistiv e < = L ess th a n H T a H e av y tim b e r S e e S e c tio n 6 0 5 6 > = E q u a l to o r g re a te r than I Footnotes continued on fo llo w in g page ) 77 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. F R = Fire resistive H T = Heavy tim ber See Section 605 6 N = No general requirem ent for fire resistance < = Less than 2 = Equal to o r greater than ‘A rea in d ic a te d is th e b asic a llo w a b le a re a fo r b u ild in g s o n e siory m h e ig h t S e e S e c tio n 5 0 4 1 S ee S ectio n 5 0 4 2 fo r areas o f b u ild in g s o v e r o n e s to ry S e c tio n 504 3 fo r th e a re a o f b u ild in g s w ith a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y S e c tio n 504 4 fo r th e a re a o f m e z z a n in e s a n d S e c tio n 5 0 5 fo r a llo w a b le a r e a in c re a se ^ 2S e e S e c tio n 2 0 9 fo r d e fin itio n o f b u ild in g h eig h t S e e S e c tio n 5 0 6 fo r e x c e p tio n s 3R e g a rd le ss o f ty p e o f c o n s tru c tio n o r fire -re sistiv e re q u ire m e n ts fo r e x te n o r w a lls, c e rta in e le m e n ts o f w a lls fro n tin g o n p u b lic w a v s o r y a rd s h a v in g a w id th o f at least 4 0 feet (12 192 m m i ma> b e c o n stru c te d o f co m b u stib le m ate* ria ls S e e S e a i o n 6 01 5 4 5 A ll o p e n in g s in flo o rs fo rm in g a th re e -h o u r occ u p an c y se p a ra tio n sh a ll b e p ro te c te d by shaft, s ta irw a y ra m p o r e sc a la to r en c lo su res e x te n d in g a b o v e an d b e low su c h o p e n in g s T h e w a lls o f su c h e n c lo su re s sh all n o t b e o f le ss th a n tw o -h o u r fire -re sistiv e c o n s tru c tio n w ith a il o p e n in g s th e re in p ro te c te d by a fire a sse m b ly h a v in g a on e- a n d o n e -h a lf-h o u r fire -p ro te c n o n ra tin g S e e S e c tio n 3 02 3 . Item 2 E X C E P T I O N : W h e n th e w allv o f s u c h e n c lo s u r e e x te n d in g b e lo w th e th re e -h o u r fire -re s is u v e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n to th e fo u n d a tio n a r e p ro v id e d w ith a fire -re sisu v e ratin g o f not less th an th ree ho u rs w ith o p e n in g s th e re in p ro te c te d a s re q u ire d fo r w a lls fo rm in g th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n cy sep a ratio n s, th e en c lo su re w a lls ex te n d in g a b o v e su ch flo o r u se d a s th e ( h re c -h o u r fire -re s is n v e o c c u p a n c y se p a ra u o n m a y h a v e a o n e - h o u r fire -re sistiv e ra tin g p ro v id e d 4T h e su m o f th e area o f such o p en in g s shall not exceed 50 percen t o f th e to tal a re a o f th e w a ll in e a c h story S e e S e c tio n 5 0 3 2 1 T h e o c c u p a n c y a b o v e is n o t re q u ire d to b e o f T y p e I o r T y p e II fire -re s is u v e c o n s tru c tio n , a n d 2 T h e e n c lo su re w a lls d o n o t e n c lo se a n e x it sta irw a y , a ra m p o r a n e s c a la to r re q u ire d to h a v e e n c lo su re w a lK o f not less th a n tw o -h o u r ftre -re s u fiv e c o n stru c tio n *T he to ta l w id th o f a ll o p e n in g s in any sto ry sh all n o t e x c e e d 2 5 p e rc e n t o f th e w a ll le n g th in th at story a n d n o s in g le o p e n in g sh a ll h a v e a n a r e a g re a te r th a n 120 s q u a re le e t i l l m * i S e c S e c tio n 3 0 2 3 Item 2 7A G ro u p H . D iv isio n j O ccu p an cy is not p erm itted in a m ix ed o cc u p an c y b u ild ing S ee S e c tio n 3 07 2 8 G ro u p H . D iv isio n s 2 an d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s c o n ta in in g q u a n titie s o f h az ard o u s m a te n a ls in e x c ess o f those set fo rth tn T ab ic 3 -G sh all be lo ca te d in a one-sto ry b u ild in g u sed to r no o th e r p u rp o se an d w h ich is w ith o u t b a se m e n ts, c ra w l sp a c e s o r o th e r u n d e r-flo o r s p a c e s S e e S e a i o n 3 0 7 2 9 *T hc fo llo w in g o c c u p a n c ie s n e e d n o t b e se p a ra te d fro m th e u se s to w h ic h th ey are a c ce sso ry 1 A ssem b ly ro o m s h a v in g a flo o r a r e a o f n o t o v e r 75<) sq u a re fe et ( 6 9 7 m -) S e c S e a io n 3 02 I . E x c e p tio n 2 1 2 A d m in istra tiv e an d cle rical o ffic e s an d sim ilar ro o m s w h ich in th e a g g r e g a te d o n o t ex c ee d 25 p ercen t of th e floor a re a o f th e m a io r u se w h e n not re la te d to G r o u p H . D iv isio n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 I. E x c e p tio n 2 2 * W h e n an a re a se p a ra tio n w a ll a lso se p a ra te s o c c u p a n c ie s (hat a re re q u ire d to b e se p a ra te d by an o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n , th e m o st re s tr ic tiv e r e q u ir e m e n ts o f e a c h se p a ra tio n sh a ll ap p ly S e e S e c tio n 5(U r> I l0 W h e re a re a s e p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b e tw e e n p o rtio n s o f a b u ild in g h a v in g d i f fe ren t ty p e s o f c o n s tru c tio n , th e m o st re s tric tiv e re q u ire m e n ts sh a ll g o v e r n S ee S e a io n 601 “ T h e to tal w id th o f all o p e n in g s in any story sh all n o t e x c e e d 2 5 p e rc e n t o f th e w a ll le n g th in th a t story S e e S e c tio n 5 0 4 6 2 '- S e e S e c tio n s 7 1 1 1 a n d 7 ) 1 .2 fo r e x c e p tio n s S e e S e a t o n s 1005 3 3 2 a n d 1 005 3 3 5 fo r e x it e n c lo su re re q u ire m e n ts l3 ln T y p e I a n d T ype II c o n s tr u a io n . fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d a s d e f in e d in S e c tio n 2 0 7 m ay b e u sed in th e a sse m b ly p ro v id e d fire -re sista n c e r e q u ir e m en ts a re m a in ta in e d T h e u s e o f fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is n o t p e rm itte d in p a rtitio n s w h ic h are a p a n o f a s h a ft e n c lo su re S e e S c a io n s 6 0 2 1 a n d 60 3 1 >4S tru c tu ra l fram e elem en ts in an e x te n o r w all that is lo ca te d w h ere o p e n in g s a re not p e r m itte d o r w h e re p ro te c tio n o f o p e n in g s is re q u ire d sh a ll b e p ro te c te d a g a in st e x te rn a l fire e x p o s u re a s re q u ire d fo r e x te n o r b e a n n g w a lls o r th e s u u a u r a ! fra m e , w h ic h e v e r is g re ater. S e e T ab le 6 -A . F o o tn o te 1 l 'A fo u r-h o u r a r e a sep a ratio n w a il is re q u ire d b e tw e e n a liq u id s to ra g e w a r e h o u se (G ro u p H . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y ) a n d a ll o th e r u se s. S e e S e a i o n 307 I 5 i6 F o r G ro u p H . D iv isio n 6 O c c u p a n a e s . se e S e c tio n s 3 0 7 11 2.1 a n d 3 0 7 1 1 2 3 fo r a d d itio n a l o cc u p an c y s e p a ra tio n re q u ire m e n ts l7 F o r G ro u p H . D ivision 6 O c c u p a n a e s . s e c S e c u o n 3 0 7 1 1 2 2 fo r flo o r o p e n in g re q u ire m e n ts ‘• E x ic n o r b e a n n g a n d n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T y p e III a n d T y p e IV e o n s t m a i o n sh all b e c o n stru c te d o f n o n c o m b u s u b le m a te n a ls W h e n n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T y p e 111 an d T y p e IV c o n s tru a io n front o n p u b lic w ay s o r y ard s h a v in g a w id th o f at lea st 4 0 feet (12 192 m m ), a p p r o v e d fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d fra m in g m ay b e u s e d w ith in th e a sse m b ly W h e re fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is u s e d , th e re q u ire d fire re sistan c e fo r th e e x te n o r w a lls sh a ll b e m a in ta in e d a n d th e e x p o s e d o u te r an d in n er fa ces o f su ch w a lls sh a ll b e n o n c o m b u su b le . S e e S e c tio n 5 0 3 4 3 W o o d c o lu m n s a n d a r c h e s c o n f o rm in g to h e a v y -u m b e r s iz e s m ay b e u s e d e x te rn a lly fo r w a lls lo ca te d 4 0 fe e t ( 1 2 192 m m ) o r m o re fro m th e p ro p e rty line S e e S e a t o n 503 4 4 ,9 W h e n a m ix ed occupancy b u ild in g co n ta in s a G ro u p H . D iv isio n 6 O c c u p a n c y , th e p o rtio n co n ta in in g th e G ro u p H . D iv isio n 6 O c c u p a n c y sh a ll n o t e x c e e d th re e s to n e s o r 55 feet (1 6 7 6 4 m m ) in h eig h t S e e S e a t o n 3 0 2 1 -° G ro u p H . D iv isio n s 2 an d 3 O c c u p a n a e s n ee d n o t b e se p a ra te d fro m G ro u p H . D iv isio n 7 O c c u p a n a e s w h e n su c h o c c u p a n a e s a ls o co m p ly w ith th e r e q u ir e m e n ts fo r a G ro u p H . D iv isio n 7 O c c u p a n c y S e e S e a io n 3 0 2 4 . E x c e p tio n 4 - 'G r o u p H . D iv isio n 1 O c c u p a n a e s c o n ta in in g m a te ria ls w h ic h a re in th e m se lv e s b o th p h y s ic a l a n d h e a lth h a z a rd s in q u a n titie s e x c e e d in g th e e x e m p t a m o u n ts in T ab le 3 -E s h a ll co m p ly w ith re q u ire m e n ts fo r b o th G ro u p H . D iv i sio n s I a n d 7 O c c u p a n c ie s. S e e S e a t o n 3 0 7 2 8 ~ F c ? G ro u p H . D ivision 6 O c c u p a n a e s . w h e n H P M (h a z a rd o u s p ro d u c tio n m a te n a ls i ro o m s a re p ro v id ed , th ey sh a ll h a v e at le a st o n e e x te n o r w a ll a n d s u c h w a ll sh a ll n o t b e less th an 3 0 fe et <9144 m m ) fro m p ro p e rty lin e s , in c lu d in g p ro p e rty lin e s ad ja cen t to p u b lic w a y s S ee S e a io n 3 0 7 1 1 5 2 - - F o r sp e c ia l p ro v isio n s o n hig h ly to x ic m a te n a ls. s e e th e F ire C o d e S e e T a b le 3 -B . F o o tn o te 2 - 4E x c e p t fo r su rfa c in g , flo o rs sh all b e o f n o n c o m b u stib le . liq u id -tig h t c o n s tr u c tio n in a r e a s co n ta in in g h a z a rd o u s m a te n a ls a n d in a re a s w h e re m o to r v e h ic le s. b o a ts, helicopters o r airp la n es a re sto red , re p aire d o r o p erated In G ro u p H . D iv is io n s 4 an d 5 O c c u p a n a e s . flo o rs m ay b e s u rfa c e d o r w a te rp ro o fe d w ith a s p h a ltic p av in g m a te n a ls in th a t p o rtio n o f th e fa cility w h e re n o r e p a ir w o r i is d o n e S ee S e a io n 3 0 7 .2 2 25S e e S e a io n 3 0 2 5 fo r h e a tin g e q u ip m e n t ro o m o c c u p a n c y se p a ra u o n r e q u ir e m en ts 78 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP I, DIVISION 2 OCCUPANCY G roup I. Division 2 Occupancy. N u r s i n g h o m e s l o r a m b u l a t o r y p a t i e n t s , h o m e s f o r c h i l d r e n s i x y e a r s o f a g e o r o v e r ( e a c h a c c o m m o d a t i n g m o r e t h a n f iv e p a t i e n t s o r c h i l d r e n ! TYPE Ul TYPE I TYPER OF NONCOMBUSTOLE SUBJECT H.T. 6.800 (632 m2) IS 100 (1403 m2> 6.800 (632 m2i 6800 (632 m2) Stor«s Sue 160 (48 768 mm) (IS 240 mm) (19 812 mm) (19 812 mm) (19 812 Beanng wall 4 hr 1 hr 4 hr 4 hr < S ft (1524 m 2 hr <2 0 ft (6096 m 1 hr < 40 tt (12 192 4 hr < 40 ft (12 192 mm) 4 nr <40 ft (12192 mm) 1 hr < 40 ft (12 192 mm) 1 hr Not permitted < 5 ft (1524 mm) Not permitted < 5 ft (1524 mm) Not permitted < 5 ft (1524 mm) V4 hr < 10 ft (3048 mm) 3»«hr <20 ft (6096 mm) 1 hr 2 hr Beanng wall 3 hr 1 hr Wall or floor 1 hr 1 hr Opening U-1 No limitation 2 hr 2 hr A -3.8 F-2.M S-1.S-2 Opening No bmitatun 3 hr 3 hr A-1. A-2. A*2 1 A-4 M .S - 5 3 hr 3 hr Opening j Not more than 25% Not more than 25% Not more than 25% wan or floor 4 hr 4 hr 4 hr No openmgs permitted No openings permitted No openings permitted 2 hr 2 hr 4 hr 4 hr W an 3 hr Opening Area separation wall4 Not more than 25% Not more than 25% Not more than 25% 1 hr 2 nr 1 hr W an Openings 1 hr 1 hr or H T 1 hr Permanent partitions1 Floors 1 h r 1 5 1 h r ,s 2 h r ,s 1 h r ts Roofs' 1 hr or H T 1 hr 2 hr Structural frame' 1 hr F.R = F ire re sistiv e < = L e ss th an H .T = H e av y a m b e r S ee S e c tio n 6 0 5 6 ( Footnotes continued on fo llo w in g page I 79 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 'A r e a in d ic a te d is th e basic a llo w a b le a re a fo r b u ild in g s o n e story in h e ig h t S ee S e c tio n 5 04 I S e e Section 504 2 to r a reas o f b u ild in g s o v e r o n e s to r y S ectio n 5 0 4 .3 fo r th e a re a o f b u ild in g s w ith a m u e d o c c u p a n c y . S e c u o n 5 0 4 4 fo r th e a r e a o f m e z z a n in e s an d S e c tio n 5 0 5 fo r a llo w a b le a r e a in c re a se s • S e e S e c tio n 2 0 9 fo r d e fin itio n o f b u ild in g h eig h t S e e S e c tio n 5 0 6 fo r ex c e p tio n s 3R e g a rd le s s o f ty p e o f c o n stru c tio n o r fire -re s is tiv e re q u ire m e n ts f o r e x te n o r w a lls , c e rta in e le m e n ts o f w a lls fro n tin g o n p u b lic w a y s o r y a r d s h a v in g a w id th o f ai lea st 4 0 feet (12 192 m m im a y b e c o n stru c te d o f c o m b u s tib le m ate* ria ls S e e S e c tio n 60 1 .5 4 4T h e su m o f th e a re a o f such o p en in g s shall not ex c ee d 5 0 pe rce n t o f th e to ta l area o f th e w a ll in e a c h story S e e S e c tio n 5 0 3 2 * A ll o p e n in g s m flo o rs fo rm in g a th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n s h a ll b e p ro te c te d by sh aft, stairw ay, ra m p o r e sc a la to r en c lo su re s e x te n d in g a b o v e a n d b e lo w su c h o p e n in g s T h e w a lls o f s u c h e n c lo su r e s sh a ll n o t b e o f le s s th a n tw o -h o u r fire -re s is u v e c o n s tru c tio n w ith a ll o p e n in g s th e re in p r o te c te d b y a fire a s s e m b ly h a v in g a on e- an d o n e -h a lf-h o u r fire -p ro c ec tio n ra tin g S e e S e c u o n 3 0 2 3. Ite m 2 E X C E P T I O N : W h e n th e w a lls o f su c h e n c lo s u r e e x te n d in g b e lo w th e th re e -h o u r fire -re sistiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n to th e fo u n d a tio n a re p ro v id e d w ith a firt-re sisu v e ra tin g o f not less th a n three h o u rs w ith o p e n in g s th e re in p ro tec ted a s re q u ire d fo r w a lls fo rm in g th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n s, th e en c lo su re w a lls ex te n d in g a b o v e su ch flo o r u se d as the th re e -h o u r fire -re sistiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n m ay h a v e a o n e - h o u r fire -re s is tiv e ratin g p ro v id e d 1 T h e o cc u p an c y a b o v e is n o t re q u ire d to b e o f T y p e 1 o r T y p e II fire -re s is tiv e c o n s tru a io n . a n d 2 T h e e n c lo su re w a lls d o n o t e n c lo se a n e x it sta irw a y , a r a m p o r an e s c a la to r re q u ire d to h a v e e n c lo s u r e w a lls o f n o t le ss th a n tw o - h o u r fire -re s is tiv e c o n s tru a io n * T h e to ta l w id th o f all o p e n in g s in a n y sto ry sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 2 5 p e rc e n t o f th e w a ll len g th in th a t story a n d n o s in g le o p e n in g s h a ll h a v e an a r e a g re a te r th a n 120 s q u a re fe e t ( 11 m 2 ) S e c S e a i o n 3 0 2 .3 . Ite m 2 7A G ro u p H . D iv isio n I O c cu p an c y is n o t p erm itted in a m ix ed o c c u p a n c y b u ild in g S e e S e c tio n 307 2 8 G ro u p H . D iv isio n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n a e s c o n ta in in g q u a n titie s o f hazard o u s m a te n a ls m e x c ess o f th e se se t fo rth in T a b le 3 -G shall b e lo ca te d in a one-sto ry b u ild in g u se d fo r n o o th e r p u rp o se a n d w h ic h is w ith o u t b a se m e n ts, craw l sp ac es o r o th e r u n d e r-flo o r s p a c e s S e e S e a t o n 3 0 7 2 9 A fo u r-h o u r a re a sep a ratio n w a ll is re q u ire d b e tw e e n a liq u id s to ra g e w a r e h o u s e (G ro u p H . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y i a n d a ll o th e r u s e s S e e S e a i o n 3 0 7 I 5 F o r sp e c ia l p rovisions on hig h ly to x ic m a te n a ls (G ro u p H . D iv isio n 7 O c c u p a n c y ). s e e th e F ire C o d e S e e T a b le 3 -B . F o o tn o te 2 *T h c fo llo w in g o c c u p a n a e s n e e d n o t b e se p a ra te d fro m th e u s e s t o w h ic h th ey are a c c e sso ry 1 A sse m b ly ro o m s h a v in g a flo o r a r e a o f n o t o v e r 7 5 0 s q u a r e fe e t (6 9 7 m*> S e e S e c tio n 302 1. E x c e p tio n 2 I 2 A d m in istra tiv e and c le n c a i o ffic e s a n d sim ila r ro o m s w h ic h in th e a g g r e g a te d o n o t exceed 25 p e rc e n t o f th e flo o r a re a o f th e m a jo r u s e w h e n not re la te d to G ro u p H . D iv is io n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 1. E x c e p tio n 2 2 ’ W h e n a n a re a sep a ratio n w a ll a lso s e p a ra te s o c c u p a n a e s th at a re r e q u ir e d to be s e p a ra te d by a n o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n , th e m o st re s tr ic tiv e re q u ir e m e n ts o f e a c h s e p a ra u o n shall ap p ly S e e S e a i o n 5 0 4 6 I '® W h e re a re a s e p a ra tio n w a ils o c c u r b e tw e e n p o rtio n s o f a b u ild in g h a v in g d if fe re n t ty p e s o f c o n s tru a io n . th e m o s t re s tn c u v e r e q u ir e m e n ts s h a ll g o v e r n S e e S e a i o n 6 01 " T h e to ta l w id th o f all o p e n in g s in an y sto ry sh all n o t e x c e e d 2 5 p e rc e n t o f th e w a ll le n g th in th a t story S e c S e a i o n 5 0 4 6 2 '• S e e S e a t o n s 711 I an d 711 2 fo r e x c e p tio n s S e e S e a i o n s 1005 3 3 2 a n d 1005 3 3 5 fo r e x it e n c lo su r e r e q u ir e m e n ts ,3 In T y p e I a n d T y p e II c o n stru c tio n , fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d a s d e f in e d in S e c tio n 2 0 7 m ay b e used in th e a sse m b ly p ro v id e d firc -re s i s ta n c e r e q u ir e m e n ts a re m a in ta in e d T h e u se o f fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is n o t p e rm itte d in p a r titio n s w h ic h are a p a n o f a sh a ft e n c lo su re S ee S e a i o n s 6 0 2 1 a n d 6 0 3 I l4S tr u a u r a l fra m e elem en ts in an e x ic n o r w all that is lo ca te d w h e re o p e n in g s a re d m p e r m itte d o r w h e re p ro te c u o n o f o p e n in g s is re q u ire d s h a ll b e p ro te c te d a g a in s t e x te rn a l fire e x p o su re a s re q u ire d fo r e x te n o r b e a n n g w a lls o r th e s t r u a u r a l fra m e , w h ic h e v e r is g re a te r S e e T a b le 6 -A . F o o tn o te I ,5 R o o fs a n d th e ir m em b ers, o th e r th a n th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e , m a y b e o f u n p ro t e a e d n o n c o m b u stib le m a te ria ls w h e n ev e ry p a rt o f th e r o o f fr a m in g , in c lu d in g th e s tr u a u r a l fram e, is 25 fe et (7 6 2 0 m m ) o r m o re a b o v e th e flo o r, balco n y o r g a lle r y im m e d ia te ly b elo w H e a v y -u m b e r m e m b e rs in a c c o r d a n c e w ith S e a i o n 6 0 5 6 m ay b e u se d fo r su c h u n p ro te c te d m e m b e rs in o n e - s to r y b u ild in g s *6N o t u se d 17H o s p ita ls a n d n u rsin g h o m es c la ss ifie d a s G r o u p I. D iv is io n I . I O c c u p a n a e s sh a ll b e se p a ra te d from sp ec ific u s e are a s a s se t forth in T ab le 3 -C S e e S e a io n 3 0 8 8 '• F lo o r le v e ls o f G ro u p I. D iv isio n I . I O c c u p a n a e s u se d b y in p a tie n ts fo r sle e p in g o r trea tm e n t, o r having an o cc u p an t load o f 5 0 o r m o re, sh a ll b e d iv id e d in to c o m p a rtm e n ts b y sm o k e b a rrie rs c o m p ly in g w ith S e c tio n 3 0 8 .2 .2 I ' ’ H o s p ita ls a n d n u rsin g h o m e s c la ss ifie d a s G r o u p I. D iv is io n t . l a n d h e a lth c a r e c e n te rs fo r am b u lato ry p a tie n ts c la ssifie d a s G ro u p I. D iv is io n 1 2 O c c u p a n c ie s th a t a re eq u ip p e d w ith a n a u to m a tic s p rin k le r s y s te m th ro u g h o u t m ay b e fiv e s to n e s in height w h e n o f T y p e I I -F R c o n s tr u a io n a n d th r e e s to n e s in h e ig h t w h e n o f T y p e II O n e -h o u r c o n s tru c tio n A llo w a b le a r e a in c re a s e s fo r s p n n k le r e d b u ild in g s as s p e c ifie d in S e c tio n 5 0 5 .3 sh a ll a p p ly o n ly w h e n th e n u m b e r o f s to n e s in th e b u ild in g is o o e le ss th a n s e t fo rth a b o v e . S e e S e c tio n 3 0 8 .2 .1 . E x c e p tio n 2 20H o s p n a Js a n d n u rsin g h o m e s c la ss ifie d a s G r o u p I. D iv is io n I . I a n d h e a lth c a r e c e n te rs fo r am b u la to ry p a tie n ts c la ssifie d a s G ro u p I. D iv is io n 1.2 O c c u p a n c ie s th a t a r e eq u ip p e d w ith a n a u to m a tic sp rin k le r s y s te m th ro u g h o u t m ay b e h o u s e d w ith in a o n e-sto ry b u ild in g o f T y p e II-N c o n s tr u a io n . T h e a r e a o f s u c h b u ild in g sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 1 3 .5 0 0 sq u a re fe e t (1 2 5 4 m 2 ) a n d m ay b e in c r e a s e d f o r se p a ra tio n o n tw o o r m o re sid e s a s s e t fo rth tn S e a i o n 50 5 .1 21 N o r u se d 22E x t e n o r b e a n n g a n d n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T y p e III a n d T y p e IV c o n s tr u a io n sh a ll b e c o n s tru c te d o f n o n c o m b u s u b le m a te n a ls W h e n n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T y p e III an d T y p e IV c o n s tru a io n front on p u b lic w a y s o r y a r d s h a v in g a w id th o f a t lea st 4 0 feet ( 12 192 m m ), a p p ro v e d fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d fra m in g m a y b e u s e d w u h in th e a sse m b ly W h e re fire -re ta rd a n t- tr e a te d w o o d is u s e d , t h e re q u ir e d fire re sista n c e fo r th e e x te n o r w a lls sh a ll b e m a in ta in e d a n d th e e x p o s e d o u te r an d in n er fa ces o f su c h w a lls sh a ll b e n o n c o m b u s u b le . S e e S e c tio n 5 0 3 4 3 W o o d c o lu m n s an d a rc h e s c o n fo rm in g to h e a v y -u m b e r s i z e s m a y b e u sed e x te rn a lly f o r w a lls lo ca te d 4 0 fe e t 112 192 m m ) o r m o re f r o m th e p ro p e rty lin e . S e e S e c tio n 503 4 4 25 A tw o - h o u r o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n is p e rm itte d w h e n th e G r o u p S . D iv is io n 3 O c c u p a n a e s a re u sed e x c lu siv e ly fo r p a rk in g o r sto ra g e o f p le a s u r e - ty p e m o t o r v e h ic le s p ro v id e d n o re p air o r re fu elin g is d o n e. S ee S e c u o n 3 0 2 4 . E x c e p tio n I 24F o r G r o u p 1. D iv isio n 1 .1 O c c u p a n a e s . th e m a x im u m h e ig h t f o r T y p e II F R c o n s tr u a io n is 75 feet (22 860 m m ) an d for T y p e II. o n e - h o u r c o n s tru c tio n , th e m a x im u m h e ig h t is 45 fe e t (1 3 7 1 6 m m ) Sec T ab le 5 -B . F o o tn o te 10 ^ N o n f la m m a b le g a s cy lin d e rs fo r m ed ica l g a s s y s te m s lo c a te d in s id e b u ild in g s sh a ll b e in a s e p a ra te room o r e n c lo su re sep a rate d fro m th e r e s t o f th e b u ild in g by n o t le ss th a n o n e -h o u r fire -re sistiv e co n stru c tio n . S e e S e c tio n 4 1 0 fo r c o m p le te re q u ire m e n ts 26S e e S e a i o n 3 0 2 .5 fo r h e a tin g e q u ip m e n t ro o m o c c u p a n c y s e p a r a tio n re q u ir e m e n ts. A lso see S e a io n 30 8 .8 fo r ad d itio n al o p e n in g p r o te a io n re q u ire m e n ts 80 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP I, DIVISION 3 OCCUPANCY G roup I, Division 3 O ccupancy Menial hospitals, menial sanitariums, jails, prisons, reformatories and buildings where personal liberties of inmates are similarly restrained. T v p e w OF c o m b u s t ib l e F J t H.T. Area (SQ tt I1 1 5 1 0 0 {1403 m*) Stones See Height (ft)2 160 {49 768 mm) Beanng wall 4 m 4 h r < S tt (1524 m m ) 2 hr < 2 0 ft (6096 m m j 1 hr < 4 0 ft (1 2 1 9 2 mm) Not perm ittee < 5 tt (1524 mm) 3/4 m < 2 0 ft (6096 m m ) Beanng 3 m 1 m floor E. R.U-1 Opening t hr No Imitation 2 m floor f '2 . M S-1.S -2 Opening Percentage of opening 3 h r Opening 3 h r Not m ore O un 25% 4 m No openings permitted W all 4 hr Opening 3 hr Not m ore than 25% 2 m W an Openings Permanent partitions1 1 hr Roors 2 hr Roofs Structural fram e14 2 hr 3 hr F R = F ire re sistiv e < = L e ss th an ( Footnotes continued on follow ing poge.) 81 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1 A re a in d icate d i> th e b asic a lio * able a re a for b u ild in g s o n e sto ry in h e ig h t S ec S e c tio n 5 0 - I See S ection 504 2 to r a reas o f b u ild in g s o s e r o n e sto ry . S e c tio n 5 04 5 fo r th e area o f b u ild in g s * ith a m ix ed o c c u p a n c y S e c tio n 5 0 4 4 fo r th e a re a o f m e z zan in es an d S ectio n 5()5 lo r a llo w a b le a r e a in c re a s e s - S e e S e a to n 2 09 fo r d efin itio n o f b u ild in g h eig h t S e e S e c tio n 506 fo r e x c e p tio n s ^ R e g a rd le ss o f ty p e o f c o n stru c tio n o r fire -re s is u v e r e q u ir e m e n ts fo r e x te n o r w a ils. c e rta in e le m e n ts o f w all* fronting on p u b lic w a y s o r y a r d s h a v in g a w id th o f at least 40 feet 112 192 m m i m ay be c o n stru c te d o f c o m b u s tib le m a te n a ls . S e e S ectio n 601 5 4 4T h e su m o f the area o f such openings shall not ex c ee d 50 p e rc e n t o f th e to tal area o f th e w a ll in e a c h story S e e S ectio n 5 0 * 2 5A ll o p e n in g s in flo o rs fo rm in g a th re e -h o u r o cc u p an c y s e p a ra tio n sh a ll b e p ro te c te d by shaft, stairw ay, ra m p or e sc a la to r en c lo su res e x te n d in g a b o v e a n d b e low s u c h o p e n in g s T h e w a lls o f su c h e n c lo su r e s sh a ll n o t b e o f le s s th a n tw o -h o u r fire -re sistiv e c o n stru c tio n w ith all o p e n in g s th e re in p r o t e a e d b y a fire a sse m b ly h aving a o n e- an d o n e -h a lf-h o u r fire -p ro te c u o n ra tin g S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 .3 . Item 2 E X C E P T IO N : W h e n th e w a lls o f su c h e n c lo s u r e e x te n d in g b elo w th e th re e -h o u r ftre -re sistiv c o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n to th e fo u n d a tio n a re p ro v id e d with a firr-re sistiv e ra tin g o f not less th an th re e h o u rs w iib o p e n in g s th erein p ro tec ted a s re q u ired lo r w a lls fo rm in g th r e e - h o u r o c c u p a n c y separations, th e en c lo su re w alls ex te n d in g a b o v e s u c h flo o r u se d xv the th re e -h o u r fire -re sistiv e o cc u p an c y s e p a ra tio n m ay h a v e a o n e - h o u r fire -re sistiv e ra tin g p ro v id ed 1 T h e o cc u p an c y a b o v e is n o t re q u ire d to b e o f T y p e 1 o r T y p e II fire -re sistiv e c o n stru c tio n , an d 2 T h e e n c lo su re w a lls d o not e n c lo s e a n e x it s ta irw a y , a ra m p o r an e s c a la to r re q u ired to h a v e e n c lo su re w a lK o f n o t le s s th a n tw o -h o u r fire -re sistiv e c o n stru c tio n 6T h c to ta l w id th o f all o p e n in g s in any sto ry sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 2 5 p e rc e n t o f th e w all len g th in th at story a n d n o sin g le o p e n in g sh a ll h a v e a n a r e a g re a te r th a n 12 0 sq u a re feet t i l m * i S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 3. Ite m 2 'A G ro u p H . D ivision I O ccupancy is not p erm itted in a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y b u ild in g S e e S ectio n 307 2 8 G ro u p H. D iv isio n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n a e s c o n ta in in g q u a n titie s o f hazardous m aten a ls in e x c ess o f those set fo rth in T a b le 3-G shall be lo ca te d in a one-story b u ild in g used fo r no o th e r p u rp o se a n d w h ic h is w ith o u t b a se m e n ts, craw I sp a c e s o r o th er u n d e r-flo o r s p a c e s S e e S e c tio n 3 0 7 2 9 A fo u r-h o u r area se p a ra tio n w all is re q u ire d b e tw e e n a liq u id s to ra g e w a r e h o u se tG ro u p H . D iviM on 3 O c c u p a n c v i a n d a ll o th e r u s e s S e e S e c tio n 3 0 7 J 5 F o r s p e a a ! p ro v isio n s on highly to x ic m a te n a ls (G ro u p H . D iv isio n 7 O c c u pancy i. s e c th e F ire C o d e S e e T a b le 3 -B . F o o tn o te 2 *T he fo llo w in g o c c u p a n c ie s n e e d n o t b e s e p a ra te d fro m th e u s e s to w h ic h th ey are a c ce sso ry 1 A sse m b ly ro o m s h a v in g a flo o r a r e a o f not o v e r 7 5 0 s q u a re fe et ( 6 9 7 m - ) S e e S ectio n 3 02 J. E x c e p tio n 2 J 2 A d m in istra tiv e and cle n c a l o ffic es and s im ilx ' ro o m s w h ic h tn th e a g g re g a te d o not ex c ee d 25 p ercent o t th e flo o r a re a o f th e m a jo r u se w h e n not re la te d to G ro u p H . D iv isio n s 2 a n d ^ O c c u p a n c io S e e S e c tio n *02 * E x c e p tio n 2 2 ’W h e n an a re a se p a ra tio n w a ll a ls o se p a ra te s o c c u p a n c ie s that are re q u ire d to he sep a rate d by a n o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n , th e m o st re s tr ic tiv e re q u ire m e n ts o t ea c h s e p a ra tio n sh a ll a p p ly S e e S e c tio n 5 < u 6 I l0W h e re a re a s e p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b e tw e e n p o n to n s o t a b u ild in g h a v in g d if ferent ty p e s o f c o n s tr u a io n . th e m o st r e s tr ic tiv e re q u ire m e n ts sh a ll g o v e rn S e e Seaton 6 0 1 1 ‘T h e total w td ih o f all o p e n in g s in a n y s to ry sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e w a ll le n g th in th a t sto ry S e c S e a i o n 5 0 4 6 2 1 -S e e S e c tio n s 711 I a n d 7 1 1 .2 fo r e x c e p tio n s S ee S e a i o n s 1005 3 3 2 a n d 1 0 0 5 3 3 5 f o r ex it e n c lo su r e re q u ire m e n ts ,3 ln T ype I a n d T y p e 11 c o n s tru c tio n , fire -re ta rd a n t- tr e a te d w o o d a s d e fin e d in S ectio n 2 0 7 m ay b e u s e d in th e a s s e m b ly p ro v id e d ftre -re s is ta n c e r e q u ir e m en ts a re m a in ta in e d T h e u s e o f fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is n o t p e rm itte d in p a rtitio n s w h ic h a r c a p a n o f a s h a f t e n c lo s u r e S e e S e a io n s 6 0 2 I a n d 6 0 3 I ’^S tru ctu ral fra m e e le m e n ts in an e x te n o r w a ll th a t is lo ca te d w h e re o p e n in g s are no t p e rm itte d o r w h e re p r o te a to n o f o p e n in g s is re q u ir e d sh a ll b e p r o te a e d ag a in st e x te rn a l fire e x p o s u r e a s r e q u ir e d f o r e x te n o r b e a n n g w a lls o r th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e , w h ic h e v e r is g r e a te r S e e T a b le 6 - A . Footnote I ,3 R o o fs a n d th e ir m e m b e r s , o th e r th a n th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e , m ay b e o f u n p ro tec te d n o n c o m b u s u b le m a te n a ls w h e n e v e ry p a n o f th e ro o f fra m in g , in c lu d in g the stru ctu ra l fram e, is 25 feet (7 6 2 0 m m i o r m o re ab o v e th e floor, balcony o r g allery im m e d ia te ly b e lo w H e a v y - u m b e r m e m b e rs in a c c o rd a n c e w ith S e a io n 6 0 5 6 m ay b e u s e d fo r su c h u n p r o te a e d m e m b e rs in o n e -sto ry b u ild ings ,6 N ot u sed >7E x te n o r b e a n n g a n d n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T y p e 111 an d T y p e IV c o n s tr u a io n sh all b e c o n s tn ia e d o f n o n c o m b u s u b le m a te n a ls W h e n n o n b e a n n g w all* o f T ype III an d T ype IV c o n s tr u a io n fro n t o n p u b lic w a y s o r yards h a v in g a w id th o f at least 4 0 feet (1 2 192 n u n ), a p p r o v e d fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d fram in g m ay b e u s e d writhtn th e a s s e m b ly W h e re fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is u se d , th e re q u ire d fire re s is ta n c e fo r th e e x t e n o r w a lls sh a ll b e m a in ta in e d a n d th e e x p o se d o u te r an d in n e r fa c e s o f su c h w a lls sh a ll b e n o n c o m b u su b le S e e S e c tio n 503 4 3 W o o d c o lu m n s a n d a r c h e s c o n f o rm in g to h e a v y - u m b e r siz e s m ay b e u se d ex te rn a lly fo r w a lls lo c a te d 4 0 fe e t ( 1 2 1 92 m m ) o r m o re fro m th e p ro p e rty lin e S e c S e c tio n 5 03 4 4 ’*A tw o -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n is p e r m itte d w h e n th e G ro u p S. D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n a e s a re u sed e x c lu siv e ly f o r p a r k in g o r sto ra g e o f p le a su re -ty p e m o to r v eh ic le s p ro v id ed n o re p a ir o r re fu e lin g is d o n e . S ee S e a io n 3 0 2 4. E x c e p tio n I 1 ’ N o n fla m m a b le g a s c y lin d e rs fo r m e d ic a l g a s sy ste m s lo c a te d in s id e b u ild in g s shall b e in a se p a ra te ro o m o r e n c lo su re s e p a ra te d fro m th e rest o f th e b u ild in g by not le ss th an o n e -h o u r fire -re s is u v e c o n s tn ic u o n S e e S e c tio n 4 JO fo r c o m p le te re q u ire m e n ts ^ S e c S e a io n 3 0 2 5 fo r h e a tin g e q u ip m e n t r o o m o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n re q u ir e m en ts A lso see S e a io n 3 08 8 fo r a d d tu o n a l o p e n in g p r o te a io n re q u ire m e n ts 82 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP M OCCUPANCY G ro u p M O ccupancy. Buildings, structures, or portions thereof, used for the display and sale o f merchandise, and involving stocks o f goods, wares or merchandise incidental to such purposes and accessible to the public. See Section 309.1 for a list o f mercantile uses included within this occupancy t y p e m TYPE OF I CONSTRUCTION * ■ COMBUSTIBLE NONCOMBUSTIBLE SUBJECT 12.000 18 000 (1672 12.000 (1115 m2) 39 900 (3707 m2) 18 000 (1672 m2) 14000 (1301 ma) 8 000 (743 m2] Stones 160 (48 768 mm) (19 812 mm) (16 764 mm) (19812 mm) (16 764 mm) (15 240 mm) (12 192 mm) 1 hr < 20 f t K (6096 mm) 4 hr < 5 tt (1524mm) 2 hr. 2 5 tt (1524 mm) 1 hr < 20 ft (6096 mm) 4 nr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr 2 5 ft (1524mm) 1 hr 1 hr 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr <20 ft (6096 mm) 1 hr <40 ft. (12 192 mm) 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr <20 ft (6096 mm) 1 hr <40 ft (12 192 mrr 1 hr <20 ft 25 (6096 mm) 1 hr < 40 ft (12 192 mm) 1 hr < 20 ft (6096 mm) 1 hr Not Not permitted < 5 ft (1524 mm) < 5 ft (1524 mm) < 20 ft (6096 mm) 3/* hr < 10 ft (3048 mm) 2/4*1 < 10 tt (3048 mm) hr <20 ft (6096 mm) Beanng wall 1 hr 3 hr 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr No separation required No separation required A-2 A-2 1 A-4 E F-2 H-3ar H-4 H-5 H-6 H-7’4 R S*V 5*2 S-3 S-5 U-1 Wall or floor 1 hr 1 hr Opening Wall or floor 2 hr 2 hr Opening No tarnation No limitation 3 hr Opening 3 hr 3 hr Not more man 25N Not more 2 hr 4 hr 4 hr 2 hr Opening ! 3 hr 3 hr Percentage } of I • openings'r | Not more man 2SS Not more man 25S Wan 1 hr Permanent partitions’ 3 27 t 1 hr or h T 1 hr 1 hr Floors 1 hr 1 hr Roots 1 hr 2 hr 1 hr Structural frame' 1 hr orH T 1 hr F R L e s s th a n < H T N H e a v y tim b e r S e e S e c tio n 6C5 6 N o g e n e ra l re q u ire m e n t fo r fire re sista n c e 2 = E q u a l to o r g r e a te r th a n (Footnotes continued on fo llo w in g pageJ 83 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1 A rea in d icate d is th e b a sic a llo w a b le a re a fo r b u ild in g s o n e sto ry in h e ig h t S e e S ecu o n 504 I S ee S e c u o n 504 2 fo r a re a s o f b u ild in g s o v e r o n e sto ry . S ectio n 504 3 fo r th e a re a o f b u ild in g s w ith a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y . S e c tio n 5 0 4 4 fo r th e a re a o f m e z z a n in e s a n d S e a i o n 5 0 5 fo r a llo w a b le a r e a in c re a se s 2S ee S e a io n 2 0 9 fo r d e f in itio n o f b u ild in g h e ig h t S ee S e a i o n 5 0 6 fo r e x c e p tio n s ^ R eg ard le ss o f ty p e o f c o n s tru c tio n o r fire -re s is tiv e re q u ire m e n ts fo r e x te n o r w alls, c e rta in e le m e n ts o f w a lls fr o n tin g o n p u b lic w a y s o r y a r d s b a s in g a w idth o f at lea st 4 0 feet 112 192 m m i m ay b e c o n stru c te d o f c o m b u stib le m a te n a ls. S e e S e a i o n 6 0 1 5 4 4T h e sum o f the area o f su ch o p en in g s sh all n o t e x c ee d 5 0 p ercen t o f th e to tal area o f th e w a ll in e a c h sto ry S e e S e c tio n 5 0 3 2 5AU o p e n in g s in flo o rs fo rm in g a th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n s h a ll b e p ro te a e d by sh aft, stairw a y , ra m p o r e s c a la to r e n c lo su re s ex te n d in g a b o v e an d b e low su c h o p e n in g s T h e w a lls o f s u c h e n c lo s u r e s s h a ll n o t b e o f le s s th a n tw o -h o u r fire -re s is u v e c o n s tr u a io n w ith a ll o p e n in g s th e re in p ro te c te d by a f u r asse m b ly h a v in g a o n e - a n d o n e - h a lf-h o u r fire -p ro te c tto n ra u n g S e e S e c tion 3 0 2 .3 . Ite m 2. E X C E P T I O N : W h e n th e w a lls o f s u c h e n c lo s u r e e x te n d in g b elo w th e th re e -h o u r fire -re s is u v e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n to th e fo u n d a tio n a re p ro v id e d w ith a fire -re sistiv e ra u n g o f n o t less th an th ree ho u rs w ith o p e n in g s th e re in p r o te a e d a s re q u ire d f o r w a lls fo rm in g th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y sep a ratio n s, th e e n c lo su re w a lls e x te n d in g a b o v e su c h flo o r u se d as th e th re e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n m ay h a v e a o n e - h o u r fire -re s is tiv e ra tin g p ro v id e d 1 T h e o c c u p a n c y a b o v e is n o t re q u ir e d to b e o f T y p e I o r T y p e II fire -re s is tiv e c o n s tr u a io n . a n d 2 T h e e n c lo su r e w a lls d o n o t e n c lo s e a n e x it sta irw a y , a ra m p o r a n e s c a la to r re q u ir e d to h a v e e n c lo s u r e w a lls o f n o t le ss th a n tw o -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e c o n s tr u a io n *T he total w id th o f a ll o p e n in g s in any s to ry s h a ll n o t e x c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e w all len g th in th a t sto ry a n d n o s in g le o p e n in g sh all h a v e a n a re a g re a te r th a n 120 s q u a re fe e t ( M m 2 ) S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 3 . Ite m 2 7 A G roup H . D iv isio n I O c c u p a n c y is n o t p e rm itte d in a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y b u ild ing S ee S e a io n 3 0 7 .2 8 G ro u p H . D iv is io n s 2 an d 3 O c c u p a n a e s c o n ta in in g q u a n titie s o f h az a rd o u s m a te n a ls in e x c e s s o f th o se set fo rth in T a b le 3 -G shall be located in a o n e-sto ry b u ild in g u se d fo r n o o th e r p u rp o se an d w h ic h is w ith out b a se m e n ts, c ra w l s p a c e s o r o th e r u n d e r -flo o r s p a c e s S e e S e a i o n 3 07 2 .9 A fo u r-h o u r a r e a se p a ra tio n w a il is re q u ir e d b a w e e n a liq u id sto ra g e w a re ho u se (G ro u p H . D iv is io n 3 O c c u p a n c y ) a n d a ll o th e r u se s S e e S e a io n 307 I 5 F o r s p e a a l p ro v isio n s o n h ig h ly to x ic m a te n a ls (G ro u p H . D iv isio n 7 O c c u pan c y ). s e e th e F ire C o d e S e e T a b le 3 -B . F o o tn o te 2 •T h e fo llo w in g o c c u p a n c ie s n e e d n o t b e s e p a ra te d fro m th e u se s to w h ic h th ey are ac ce sso ry i A sse m b ly ro o m s h a v in g a flo o r a r e a o f n o t o v e r 7 5 0 s q u a r e feet <69 7 m 2 ) S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 1. E x c e p tio n 2 I 2 A d m in istra tiv e and c ie n c a l o ffic e s a n d s im ila r ro o m s w h ic h in the aggie g a te d o n o t e x c e e d 25 p ercen t o f th e flo o r a re a o f th e m a jo r u se w hen not re la te d to G r o u p H . D iv isio n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s S e e S e a io n 302 I . E x c e p tio n 2 2 ’ W h e n an a re a se p a ra tio n w a ll a ls o s e p a ra te s o c c u p a n a e s th a t a re req u ired to he se p a ra te d b y a n o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n , th e m o s t re s tr ic tiv e re q u ire m e n ts o f e a c h s e p a ra tio n sh a ll ap p ly S e e S e a i o n 5 0 4 6 1 l0W h e re a r e a se p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b e tw e e n p o rtio n s o f a b u ild in g hav in g d if fe re n t ty p e s o f c o n s tr u a io n . th e m o s t r e s tr ic tiv e re q u ir e m e n ts sh a ll g o v ern S e e S e a i o n 601 1 ’T h e to ta l w id th o f a ll o p e n in g s in a n y s to ry s h a ll n o t e x c e e d 25 p ercen t o f th e w a ll le n g th in th a t sto ry S e e S e a i o n 5 0 4 6 2 ,2S e e S e c tio n s 711 I a n d 7 1 1 .2 fo r e x c e p tio n s S e e S e c tio n s 1 0 0 9 .2 a n d 1009.3 fo r e x it e n c lo s u r e re q u ire m e n ts ,2 ln T y p e I a n d T y p e II c o n s tr u a io n . fire -re ta rd a n t- tr e a te d w o o d a s d efin e d in S e c tio n 2 0 7 m a y b e u se d in th e a s s e m b ly p ro v id e d fire -re s is ta n c e re q u ire m e n ts a re m a in ta in e d T h e u s e o f fire -re ta rd a n t- tr e a te d w o o d is n o t perm itted in p a rtitio n s w h ic h a re a p a r t o f a s h a h e n c lo su r e . S e e S e a i o n s 6 0 2 1 a n d 6 03 1 S t r u c t u r a l fram e e le m e n ts tn an e x te n o r w a ll th a t is lo ca te d w h e re openings are n o t p e r m itte d o r w h e re p ro te c tio n o f o p e m n p is re q u ir e d sh a ll b e p ro tec ted ag a in st e x te rn a l fire e x p o s u r e a s r e q u ir e d f o r e x te n o r b e a n n g w a ils o r th e s tr u a u r a l fr a m e , w h ic h e v e r is g re a te r S e e T a b le 6 - A . F o o tn o te 1 ,3 R o o fs a n d th e ir m e m b e rs , o th e r th a n th e s tr u a u r a l fr a m e , m a y b e o f u n p ro t e a e d n o n c o m b u s tib le m a te n a ls w h e n e v e r y p a n o f th e r o o f fram in g , in clu d in g th e s tru a u r a l fram e, is 25 feet (7 6 2 0 m m ) o r m o re a b o v e th e floor, balcony o r g a lle ry im m e d ia te ly b e lo w H e a v y -tim b e r m e m b e rs in a c c o rd a n c e w ith S e a io n 6 0 5 6 m a y b e u se d fo r su c h u n p r o t e a e d m e m b e rs in o n e-sto ry b u ild in g s S e e S e c tio n s 6 0 2 .5 a n d 6 0 3 5 ,6 N ot u se d ,7O n e -sto ry b u ild in g s o f T y p e II O n e -h o u r. T y p e III O n e -h o u r o r T ype V O n e -h o u r c o n s tr u a io n m a y b e p e r m itte d p ro v id e d th e flo o r a r e a d o e s not e x ce e d 3 .9 0 0 s q u a re feet (3 6 2 m 2 ) b etw ee n s e p a ra tio n w a lls o f tw o -h o u r flre-re- sistiv e c o n s tr u a io n w ith o p e n in g s p r o te c te d b y fire a s s e m b lie s h a v in g a o n e- an d o n e -h a lf-h o u r ftre -p ro tc c u o n ra tin g . S e e S e a io n 3 0 8 .2 .2 .2 . e x c ep tio n S ee T ab le 5 -A fo r e x te n o r w a ll a n d o p e n in g re q u ir e m e n ts fo r T y p e II O n e -h o u r. T y p e III O n e -h o u r a n d T y p e V O n e -h o u r c o n s tr u a io n 1SA tw o -h o u r o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n is p e r m itte d w h e n th e G r o u p S . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n a e s a r e u se d e x c lu siv e ly fo r p a r k in g o r sto ra g e o f p le a su re -ty p e m o to r v e h ic le s p ro v id e d no re p a ir o r re fu e lin g is d o n e . S e e S e c tio n 3 02 4 . E x ce p tio n 1 1 ’ N o n fla m m a b le g a s c y lin d e rs fo r m e d ic a l g a s s y s te m s lo c a te d in s id e build in g s shall b e in a s e p a ra te ro o m o r e n c lo su re s e p a ra te d fro m th e re st o f th e building by n o t less th an o n e -h o u r fire -re sistiv e c o n s tr u a io n . S e e S e a i o n 4 1 0 for c o m p lete re q u ire m e n ts 20S ec S e a io n 3 02 5 fo r h e a tin g e q u ip m e n t r o o m o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n re q u ire m en ts. A ls o see S e c tio n 3 0 8 .8 fo r a d d itio n a l o p e n in g p ro te c tio n req u irem en ts 84 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP R, DIVISION 1 OCCUPANCY G roup R, Division 1 O ccupancy. Hotels and apartment houses. Congregate residences (each accom m odating more than 10 persons) t y p e i t y p e m couauynau” MONCouauanau H.T. 29 900 (2778 m2) 9100 (84S m2) 13.500 (1254 m2) 10500 (975 m2) 6 000 (557 m2» 9.100 (845 m2) Stones 160 (48 768 mm) (19 812 mm) (15 240 4 nr <3 ft (915 mmi 2 nr * 3 ft (915mm) th r < 5 tl (1524 mm) 4 hr < 3 tt (915 mm) 2 hr a 3 ft (915 mm) 1 hr 4 hr < 3 ft (915 mmi 2 hr < 20 ft (6096 mmi 1 hr <40 ft (12192 mm) 4 hr < 3 ft (915 mm) 2 hr < 2 0 (1 (6 0 9 6 mm) 1 hr <4 0 ft (12 192 mm) 1 hr < 40 ft (12 192 mm) 1 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 1 hr Not permitted < 3 ft (915 mmi Not permitted < 5 ft (1524 mm) Not permitted < 5 ft (1524 mm) Not permitted < 3 ft (915 mm) t y h r <20 ft (6096 mm) 3/4 hr < 2 0 ft (6096 mm) 2 hr 1 hr R-3 No separation required No separation required Wall or Door 1 hr 1 hr Opening 1 hr 1 hr F-2.1. M. 5'2. S-5 IM * 1 3 hr 3 hr 3 hr Not more man 25% Not more man 25% Wall or floor H-2 H-6 H-7 Opening No openings permitted No openmgs permitted 2 hr 4 hr 2 hr 4 hr Opening 3 hr 3 hr Not more man 25% Not 2 hr 1 hr Openings 1 hr Permanent partitions’ 3 20 2! 1 hr or H T t hr 1 hr 1 hi 1 hr 1 hr 1 hr 1 9 2 hr 1 9 Ihr1 9 th r ’ 5 Roofs 1 hr ’ 5 1 h r ,9 3 h r ,9 1 hr or H T 1 hr F R F ire re s is tiv e L e ss th an < H T - H e a v y u m b e r S e e S e c tio n 6 0 5 6 2 = E q u a l to o r g re a te r th an N s N o g e n e ra l re q u ire m e n t fo r f ir e re s is ta n c e f Footnotes conttnued on fo llo w in g page I 85 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1 A r e a in d ic a te d is th e b asic a llo w a b le area for b u ild in g s o n e story in h e ig h t See S e c tio n 5 04 1 S ee S ectio n 504 2 fo r areas o f b u ild in g s o v e r o n e story S ectio n 5 0 4 3 f o r th e a re a o f b u ild in g s w ith a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y . S e c tio n 5 0 4 4 fo r the a r e a o f m e z z a n in e s a n d S e c tio n 5 0 5 fo r a llo w a b le a r e a in c re a s e s 2S e e S e c tio n 2 0 9 fo r d e fin itio n o f b u ild in g h e ig h t S e e S e c tio n 5 0 6 fo r ex c e p tio n s ^ R e g a rd le s s o f ty p e o f c o n s tru c tio n o r fire -re s is tiv e r e q u ir e m e n ts fo r e x te n o r w a lls, c e rta in e le m e n ts o f w a lls fro n tin g o n p u b lic w a v s o r y a rd s h a v in g a w id th o f at least 4 0 feet (12 192 m m ) m ay b e c o n s tru c te d o f c o m b u s tib le m a te ria ls. S e e S e c tio n 601 5 4 4T h e su m o f the a re a o f su ch o p en in g s shall not e x c e e d 5 0 p ercen t o f th e total area o f th e w a ll in e a c h sto ry S e e S e c tio n 503 2 5 A ll o p e n in g s in flo o rs fo rm in g a th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n s h a ll b e p ro t e a e d by sh aft, stairw ay, ra m p o r esc a la to r e n c lo su re s e x te n d in g a b o \e a n d b e lo w s u c h o p e n in g s T h e w a lls o f su c h e n c lo su r e s s h a ll n o t h e o f le ss th an tw o -h o u r fire -re sistiv e c o n s tr u a io n w ith a ll o p e n in g s th e re in p ro te c te d by a fire a sse m b ly h a v in g a o n e- an d o n e -h a lf-h o u r fire -p ro tc c tto n ra tin g S e e S e c u o n 3 0 2 .3 . Ite m 2 E X C E P T I O N : W h e n th e w a lls o f s u c h e n c lo s u r e e x te n d in g below th e th re e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a r a tio n to th e fo u n d a tio n a re p ro v id e d w ith a fire -re stsu v e ra tin g o f n o t less th a n th re e h o u rs w ith o p e n in g s th e re in p r o te a e d as re q u ire d fo r w a lls fo r m in g th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y sep a ratio n s, th e e n c lo su re w a lls ex te n d in g a b o v e su c h flo o r u se d as the th re e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a r a tio n m ay h a v e a ane-hour fire -re s is tiv e ra tin g p ro v id e d 1 T h e o c c u p a n c y a b o v e is n o t re q u ire d to b e o f T y p e I o r T y p e II fire -re s is ttv e c o n s tr u a io n . a n d 2 T h e e n c lo su re w a lls d o n o t e n c lo s e an e x it s ta irw a y , a ra m p o r an e s c a la to r re q u ire d to h a v e e n c lo su r e w a lls o f n o t le ss th a n tw o -h o u r fire -re s is u v e c o n stru c tio n * T h e to ta l w id th o f all o p e n in g s in a n y sto ry sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 2 5 p e r c e n t o f th e w a ll le n g th m th a t story a n d n o sin g le o p e n in g sh a ll h a v e an a r e a g re a te r than 1 20 s q u a r e fe e t d i m 2 ) S e e S e c tio n 3 02 3. Ite m 2 7A C ro u p H . D iv isio n 1 O c cu p an c y is no< p e rm itte d in a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y b u ild in g S e e S e a io n 3 07 2 8 C ro u p H . D iv isio n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n a e s c o n ta in in g q u a n titie s o f h az ard o u s m a te n a ls in excess o f th o se s e t fo rth in T ab ic 3 -G shall b e lo ca te d in a o n e-sto ry b u ild in g u se d for n o o th e r p u rp o s e a n d w h ich is w ith o u t b a se m e n ts, c ra w l s p a c e s o r o th e r u n d e r-flo o r s p a c e s S e c S e a i o n 3 0 7 2 9 • T h e fo llo w in g o c c u p a n c ie s n e e d n o t b e s e p a ra te d fr o m th e u s e s to w h ic h th ey a re ac ce sso ry 1 A sse m b ly ro o m s h a v in g a flo o r a re a o f not o v e r 7 5 0 s q u a r e fe e t (6 9 7 m 2 ) S e e S e c u o n 3 0 2 I . E x c e p tio n 2 I 2 A d m in istra tiv e an d c ie n c a l o ffic e s an d s im ila r ro o m s w h ic h in th e a g g re g a te d o n o t e x c e e d 25 p ercen t o f th e flo o r a re a o f th e m a io r u se w h e n not re la te d to G ro u p K . D iv isio n s 2 an d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s S e e S e c tio n 302 I. E x c e p tio n 2 2 ^ H o riz o n ta l a re a s e p a ra tio n s a re p e rm itte d o n ly b e tw e e n th e fo llo w in g o c c u p a n c y g ro u p s 1 A G ro u p S . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y a n d e ith e r a G r o u p A . D iv isio n 3. G r o u p B . G ro u p M . o r a G ro u p R . D iv is io n 1 O c c u p a n c y 2 A G ro u p S. D iv isio n 3 O c cu p an c y a n d a G r o u p S . D iv is io n 4 o p e n p a rk in g g a ra g e c o m p ly in g w ith S e c tio n 3 1 1 9 S e e S e a i o n 3 11.2 2 fo r sp e c ific re q u ire m e n ts a n d lim ita tio n s '° W h e r e a r e a se p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b e tw e e n p o rtio n s o f a b u ild in g h a v in g d if fe re n t ty p e s o f c o n s tru c tio n , th e m o st re s tric tiv e r e q u ir e m e n ts s h a ll g o v e rn S e e S e a i o n 601 W h e n an area se p a ra tio n w all a lso se p a ra te s o c c u p a n c ie s (hat are req u ired to b e s e p a ra te d by a n o cc u p an c y se p a ra tio n , th e m o st re s tr ic tiv e re q u ire m e n ts o f e a c h se p a ra tio n sh a ll a p p ly S e e S e a i o n 5 0 4 6 1 1 'T h e to ta l w id th o f alt o p e n in g s m a n y story sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 2 5 p e r c e n t o f th e w a ll le n g th tn th a t sto ry S e e S e a i o n 5 04 6 2 ,2 S e e S e a io n s 7 1 1 1 a n d 7 1 1.2 fo r e x c e p tio n s In b u ild in g s e q u ip p e d w ith an a u to m a tic s p n n k le r s y s te m th ro u g h o u t, e sc a lato rs n e e d n o t b e e n c lo se d w hen d ra ft c u rta in s a n d fire s p rin k le rs a re in sta lle d p e r S e a i o n 3 0 9 6 S e e S e a i o n s 1005 3 3 2 a n d 1005 3 3 5 fo r e x it e n c lo s u r e re q u ire m e n ts '* !n T y p e I a n d T y p e II c o n s tr u c tio n , fir e - r a a r d a n t- tr e a te d w o o d a s d e f in e d in S e c tio n 2 0 7 m ay b e u se d tn th e a sse m b ly , p ro v id e d fire -rc sista n c e re q u ir e m e n ts a re m a in ta in e d T h e u s e o f fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is n o t p e rm itte d in p a r titio n s w h ic h a re a p a n o f a s h a ft e n c lo s u r e S ee S e a io n s 6 0 2 I a n d 6 0 3 I l4S tr u a u r a ! fram e ele m e n ts tn a n e x te n o r w a ll th at is located w h e re o p e n in g s are n o t p e r m itte d o r w h e re p r o te c tio n o f o p e n in g s is re q u ired sh a ll b e p ro te c te d a g a in st e x te rn a l fire e x p o s u r e a s re q u ir e d fo r e x te n o r b e a n n g w a lls o r th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e , w h ic h e v e r is g re a te r S e e T a b le 6 -A . F o o tn o te I '- F o r G r o u p F. D iv isio n I w o o d w o r k in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts , w ith m o re th a n 2 .5 0 0 s q u a re f e a (2 3 2 m -). th e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n sh a ll b e o n e h o u r (6ln an a tn u m . w h e n every p a n o f th e s tr u a u r a l fram ew o rk o f th e ro o f is not less th a n 25 f e a (7 6 2 0 m m i a b o v e any flo o r, b a lc o n y o r gallery , fire p r o te a io n o f a ll m e m b e rs o f th e ro o f c o n s tru c tio n , in c lu d in g th o s e o f th e s tr u a u r a l fram e, m a y b e o m itte d H e a v y -lim b e r m e m b e r s in a c c o rd a n c e w ith S e c tio n 6 0 5 6 m a y b e u se d fo r su c h u n p r o c e a e d m e m b e r s tn o n e -s to ry b u ild in g s S e e S e c tio n s 6 0 2 5 a n d 6 0 3 5 17S e c S e c tio n 5 0 8 fo r p e r m itte d s u b s titu tio n o f a n a u to m a tic s p n n k le r sy ste m w h e re o n e - h o u r fire -re s is tiv e c o n s tr u a io n is re q u ir e d th ro u g h o u t p ro v id e d s u c h sy s te m is n o t o th e rw is e r e q u ir e d th r o u g h o u t th e b u d d in g '• F o r sp e c ia l p ro v isio n s o n h ig h ly to x ic m a te n a ls . s e e th e F ire C o d e S e c T ab le 3 -B . F o o tn o te 2 l9N o t u se d S t o r a g e are a s in excess o f 1 .0 0 0 s q u a re feet (9 3 m 2 ) in c o n n e ctio n w ith w h o le sale o r re ta il sa le s shall b e s e p a ra te d fro m th e p u b lic are a s by a o n e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n S u ch a r e a s m a y b e in c re a s e d t o 3 .0 0 0 sq u a re feet (2 7 9 m 2 ) w h e n s p rin k le rs a r e in s ta lle d in th e s to ra g e a re a . N o o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n is r e q u ir e d w h e re an a p p ro v e d a u to m a u c s p n n k le r sy ste m is in sta lle d th ro u g h o u t th e b u ild in g in w h ic h th e s to r a g e a r e a is lo c a te d S e e S e a io n 3 0 9 2 .2 21 A n a p p ro v e d sp ra y b o o th c o n s t m a e d in a c c o rd a n c e w ith th e F ire C o d e n ee d not b e sep a rate d fro m G r o u p s B . F . H . M o r S O ccu p an c ies. S e e S e c u o n 3 02 I . E x c e p tio n I “ S e c S e a i o n 601 5 2 fo r e x c e p tio n s ^ S e e S e a i o n 4 0 4 5 I fo r a r e a lim ita tio n s fo r a c c e ss o ry u ses w ith in a c o v e re d m a ll b u ild in g 24S e e S e a io n 4 0 4 5 2 fo r c o v e r e d m a ll o c c u p a n c y sep a ratio n s 25N o fire -re s is tiv e tim e p e n o d is re q u ir e d fo r a n e x te n o r w a ll o f a o n e -sto ry b u ild in g p ro v id e d the flo o r a r e a d o e s n o t e x c ee d 1.000 square feet (9 3 m 2 ) and p ro v id e d su c h w a ll is lo c a te d n o t le s s th a n 5 f e a <1524 m m ) fro m a p ro p e rty lin e S e e S e c tio n 5 03 4 2 26E x te n o r b e a n n g a n d n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T y p e 111 a n d T y p e IV c o n s tr u a io n s h a ll be co n stru c te d o f n o o c o m b u s tib le m a te n a ls W h e n e x te n o r w a lls o f T y p e III o r T y p e IV c o n s tr u a io n fro m o n p u b lic w a y s o r y ard s h av in g a w id th o f at le a st 5 f e a (1 5 2 4 m m ), a p p r o v e d fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d fram in g m ay be u se d w ith in th e a sse m b ly W h e re fire -re ta rd a n t- tr e a te d w o o d is u s e d , th e r e q u ire d fire re sistan c e for th e e x te n o r w a lls sh all b e m aintained an d th e ex p o se d o u te r a n d in n e r fa ces c f s u c h w a lls sh a ll b e n o n c o m b u s u b le S e e S e a io n 50 3 4 3 W o o d c o lu m n s and a r c h e s c o n f o rm in g to h e a v y -u m b e r s iz e s m ay b e u se d e x te rn a lly for w a lls lo ca te d 2 0 fe et (6 0 9 6 m m ) o r m o re from th e p roperty line S ee S e a i o n 5 0 3 4 4 27A fo u r-h o u r a re a se p a ra tio n w a ll is re q u ir e d b e tw e e n a liq u id s to ra g e w a re h o u se (G ro u p H . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y ) a n d a ll o th e r u s e s S e e S e a io n 307 I 5 2*A o n e -h o u r o c c u p an c y s e p a ra tio n n e e d n o t b e p ro v id e d b a w c e n fu e l-d isp c n s- e rs c o v e re d w ith a ca n o p y th a t is o p e n o n th re e o r m o re sid es, a n d a G r o u p M O c c u p a n c y re ta il sto re h a v in g a n a r e a o f le ss th a n 2 .5 0 0 s q u a re f e a (2 3 2 m 2 ) w h e n th e fo llo w in g c o n d itio n s e x is t 1 T h e G ro u p M O c c u p a n c y is p ro v id e d w ith tw o ex its o r ex it-a c c e s s d o o r w a y s se p a ra te d a s r e q u ir e d by S e c tio n 100 4 2 4 a n d n o t lo c a te d in (he sa m e e x te n o r w all 2 F u e l-d isp e n sin g is la n d s a r e n o t lo c a te d w ith in 2 0 feet (6 0 9 6 m m ) o f th e G ro u p M O c c u p a n c y re ta il s to re S e c S e a i o n 3 1 1 2.3 2 29S e e S e a io n 3 0 2 5 for h e a tin g e q u ip m e n t ro o m o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n re q u ir e m e n ts 86 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP R, DIVISION 3 OCCUPANCY G r o u p R , D i v i s i o n 3 O c c u p a n c y . D w e l l i n g s a n d l o d g i n g h o u s e s Congregate residences (each accom m odating 10 persons or less) o r TYPE 1 1 1 TYPE IV MONCOMBUST10LE COMBUSTIBLE20 SUBJECT H.T. Area (SQ f t ) 1 Stories Height (« )* 160 (48 768 mm) (19 012 (16 764 mm) (16 764 mm) (15 240 mm) Beanng wall 4 hr 1 hr 1 hr (915 4 hr < 3 tt (915 mm) 2 hr <20 ft (6096 mm) 1 hr <40 ft (12 192 mrr 4 hr < 3 ft (9lS m m i 2 hr <20 ft (6096 mm) 1 hr <40 ft (12 192 mrr 1 hr <40 ft (12 192 mm) 1 hr (915 mm) (915 Not permitted < 3 ft (915 Not permitted < 3 ft (915 hr <20 ft (6096 mm) 3 hr 2 hr 1 hr R -l No separation required No separation required Wall or floor 1 hr 1 nr Openmg t hr 1 hr M.S-1. S*2. S*3 S-5 Wall or floor 1 hr t hr t hr No limitation No limitation 3 hr 3 hr 3 hr 3 hr Not more than 25*< Not more than 25% Wall or floor 4 hr 4 hr H-2. H-6. H*7* Opening No openings permitted No openings permitted Wan 4 hr 2 hr 4 hr 3 hr 3 hr Not more than 25* Not more than 25% 2 hr w a n 1 hr Openings t hr Permanent pa rations'3 1 hr or H T 1 hr floors 2 h r 1 hr 1 hr 1 h r ,5 1 h r 1 5 2 hr ’ 5 Roofs HT Structural frame’ * 2 hr 3 hr 1 hr I hr or H T 1 hr F R F ire re s is tiv e < H .T N H e a v y tim b e r S e e S e c tio n 6 0 5 6 N o g e n e ra l re q u ire m e n t fo r fire re s is ta n c e (Footnotes continued on foilow tng page.) 87 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 'A r e a in d icate d is th e b a sic a llo w a b le a re a to r b u ild in g s o n e stor> in height Sec S e c u o n 5 0* 1 S ee S ectio n 50* 2 to r a reas o f b u ild in g s o x e r o n e s to ry S ectio r 50* 3 fo r th e a re a o f b u ild in g s w ith a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y S e c tio n 504 4 for th e t r e a o f m e z z a n in e s a n d S e c tio n 5 0 5 fo r a llo w a b le a r e a in c re a se s 'S e e S e c tio n 2 0 9 fo r d e f in itio n o f b u ild in g h e ig h t 5 e c S e c tio n 5 0 6 f o r e x c e p tio n s ^ R e g a rd le ss o f ty p e o f c o n s tru c tio n o r f ire -re s is tiv e re q u ire m e n ts fo r e x te n o r w a lls, c e rta in e le m e n ts o f w a lls fr o n tin g o n p u b lic w a y s o r y ard s h av in g a w id th o f at least 4 0 feet < 12 192 m m i m ay b e c o n stru c te d o f c o m b u stib le m ate- n a b S e e S e c tio n 6 0 1 5 4 4T h e su m o f th e a re a o f su ch o p en in g s shall not e x c e e d 50 percen t o f the total area o f th e w a ll in e a c h sto ry S e e S e c tio n 5 03 2 5 A ll o p e n in g s in flo o rs fo rm in g a th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n sh all b e p ro te c te d by shaft, stairw a y , ra m p o r e sc a la to r e n c lo su re s e x te n d in g above and b e lo w su c h o p e n in g s. T h e w a lls o f s u c h e n c lo s u r e s sh a ll n o t b e o f less th an tw o -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e c o n s tru c tio n w ith a ll o p e n in g s th e re in p ro te c te d by a fire a sse m b ly h a v in g a o n e - a n d o n e - h a lf-h o u r fire -p ro te c tio n ra tin g S ee S e c u o n 3 0 2 .3 . Ite m 2 E X C E P T I O N : W h e n th e w a lls o f s u c h e n c lo s u r e e x te n d in g below th e th re e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n to th e fo u n d a tio n are p ro v id e d w ith a ftre -re sisu v c ra tin g o f n o t less th an th ree h ours » ith o p en in g s th e re in p r o te a e d a s re q u ire d fo r w a lls fo rm in g th re e -h o u r o cc u p a n c y sep a ratio n s, th e e n c lo su re w a lls e x te n d in g a b o v e su c h flo o r used as the th re e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n m ay h a v e a o n e -h o u r fire -re sistiv e ra tin g p ro v id e d 1 T h e o c c u p a n c y a b o v e is n o t r e q u ir e d to b e o f T y p e I o r T y p e II fire -re s is tiv e c o n s tru c tio n , a n d 2 T h e e n c lo su r e w a lls d o n o t e n c lo s e a n e x it sta irw a y , a ra m p o r an e s c a la to r re q u ire d to h a v e e n c lo s u r e w a lls o f n o t less th a n tw o -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e c o n stru c tio n * T h e to ta l w id th o f a ll o p e n in g s in a n y s to ry s h a ll n o t e x c e e d 2 5 p e rc e n t o f th e w a ll len g th in th a t sto ry a n d n o s in g le o p e n in g s h a ll h a v e a n a re a g re ater th an 1 2 0 s q u a re fe e t t i l m -1 S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 3. Ite m 2 "A C ro u p H . D iv isio n I O c cu p an c y is not p e r m u te d in a m ix ed occupancy bu ild in g S ee S e c tio n 3 0 7 .2 & C ro u p H . D iv is io n s 2 a n d ? O c c u p a n c ie s containing q u a n titie s o f h a z a rd o u s m a te n a ls m e x c ess o f th o se set to rth in T abic 3-G shall b e located in a o n e-sto ry b u ild in g u sed lo r n o o th e r p u rp o se an d w hich is w ith o u t b a se m e n ts, craw I s p a c e s o r o th e r u n d e r- flo o r s p a c e s S e e S e c tio n 30? 2 9 • T h e fo llo w in g o c c u p a n c ie s n e e d n o t b e s e p a ra te d fru m th e u se s to w h ich they a re ac ce sso ry 1 A sse m b ly ro o m s h av in g a flo o r a re a o f n o t o v e r 7 5 0 s q u a re feet (7 0 m-> S e e S e a t o n 3 0 2 .1. E x c e p tio n 2 1 2 A d m in istra tiv e a n d d e n c a l o ffic e s a n d s im ila r ro o m s w h ich in the ag g re g a te d o n o t ex c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e flo o r a r e a o f th e m a jo r use w hen not re la te d to G r o u p H . D iv is io n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s S e e S ectio n 302 1. E x c e p tio n 2 2 3 G ift sh o p s, a d m in istra tiv e o ffic e s a n d s im ila r room v m G ro u p R. D ivision I O c cu p an c ies n o t e x c ee d in g 10 p e rc e n t o t th e floor area o f th e m ajor use S e e S e c tio n 3 02 I. E x c e p tio n 2 3 h o r i z o n t a l a re a se p a ra tio n s are p e rm itte d o n ly b e tw e e n th e fo llo w in g o c c u p a n c y g ro u p s 1 A G ro u p S . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y a n d e ith e r a G r o u p A . D iv isio n 3. G ro u p B . G r o u p M . o r a G r o u p K . D tv is io n I O c c u p a n c y 2 A G ro u p S . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y a n d a G r o u p S . D iv isio n 4 o p en p a rk in g g a r a g e c o m p ly in g w ith S e c tio n 3 1 1 9 S e e S e c tio n 3 1 1 .2 2 fo r s p e c ific r e q u ir e m e n ts a n d lim ita tio n s ,0 W h e re a re a s e p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b e tw e e n p o rtio n s o f a b u ild in g has m g d if fe re n t ty p e s o f c o n s tru c tio n , th e m o st r e s tn c u v e re q u ir e m e n ts shall go v ern S e c S e a to n 601 W h e n an a re a se p a ra tio n w all a lso se p a ra te s o c c u p a n c ie s that arc required n» b e se p a ra te d by a n o cc u p an c y se p a ra tio n , th e m o st re stric tiv e re q u irem en ts o f e a c h se p a ra tio n sh a ll a p p ly S e e S e c tio n 5 0 4 6 1 11 T h e to ta l w id th o f a ll o p e n in g s in a n y sto ry sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 25 percen t o f th e w a ll le n g th in th a t sto ry S e e S e c tio n 5 0 4 6 2 >2S e e S e a io n s 711 I a n d 7 11 2 fo r e x c e p tio n - S ee S e a io n s 1005 3 3 .2 a n d 1 005 3 3 5 fo r e x it e n c lo su re re q u irem en ts 1 'i n T y p e I a n d T y p e II c o n s tru c tio n , fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d a s d e f in e d in S e c tio n 2 0 7 m ay b e uved in th e asse m b ly p ro v id e d firr -re s is ta n c e r e q u ir e m e n ts a re m a in ta in e d T h e u s e o f fire -re tard a n t-trea te d w o o d is n o t p e rm itte d tn p a rtitio n s w h ic h a re a p art o f a sh aft e n c lo su re S ee S e c tio n s 6 0 2 I a n d 6 0 ? I u S tru c tu ra l fra m e e le m e n ts tn an e x te n o r w all that is ioateii w h e re o p e n in g s are n o t p e rm itte d o r w h e re p ro te c tio n o f o p e n in g s is re q u ired sh all b e p ro te c te d a g a in st e x te rn a l fire e x p o s u re a s re q u ire d fo r e x te n o r b e a n n g w a lls o r th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e , w h ic h e v e r is g re a te r S e e T ab le 6 -A . F o o tn o te I ,5 R o o fs an d th e ir m e m h e r v o th e r th a n th e s tr u a u r a l fram e, m ay b e o f u n p ro te c te d n o n c o m b u s u b le m a te n a ls w h e n ev e ry p art o f th e ro o f fra m in g , in c lu d in g th e stru ctu ra l fram e, is 25 feet (7 6 2 0 m m i o r m ore ab o v e th e flo o r, balco n y o r g a lle ry im m e d ia te ly b elo w H e a v y -ttm b e r m e m b e rs in a c c o rd a n c e w ith S e c tio n 6 0 5 6 m ay b e u se d fo r s u c h u n p ro te a e d m e m b e rs tn o n e - s to r y b u ild in g s l6S e c S e a io n 5 0 8 fo r p e rm itte d su b stitu tio n o f a n a u to m a tic s p n n k le r s y s te m w h e re o n e - h o u r fire -re s is tiv e c o n s tr u a io n is re q u ire d th ro u g h o u t p ro v id e d s u c h s y s te m is n o t o th e rw is e re q u ire d th ro u g h o u t th e b u ild in g l7S e e S e a io n s 4 0 3 . 4 0 3 I an d 4 0 3 .2 2. Item 1 fo r sp e c ia l re q u ir e m e n ts fo r h ig h -n s e re s id e n tia l b u ild in g s 1 •T h e r e sh all b e n o o p e n in g fro m a p n v a te g arag e in to a ro o m u s e d fo r sle e p in g p u rp o s e s S e e S e a i o n 3 1 2 4 t9 !n a n a tn u m . w h e n ev ery p a n o f th e stru ctu ral fram ew o rk o f th e ro o f is not less th a n 15 f e a (7 6 2 0 m m i a b o v e an y floor, b alc o n y o r g allery , fire p r o te a io n o f a ll m e m b e rs o f th e ro o f c o n s tru c tio n , in c lu d in g th o se o f th e s t r u a u r a l fra m e , m ay be o m itte d H e a v y -tim e r m em b ers in a c c o rd a n c e w ith S e c tio n 6 0 5 6 m ay b e u sed fo r su c h u n p ro te c te d m e m b e rs in o n e-sto ry b u ild in g s S e e S e a io n s 6 0 2 5 an d 6 0 3 5 20S e e S e c tio n 6 01 5 2 fo r e x c e p tio n s - 'W a lls an d flo o rs se p a ratin g d w e llin g un its tn th e sam e b u ild in g , o r g u e s t ro o m s in G ro u p R . D iv isio n I h o te l o c c u p a n c ie s, sh a ll n o t b e o f less th a n o n e - h o u r fire -re sisttv e c o n s tr u a io n S e e S e a io n 3 1 0 2 .2 - - A G r o u p R . D iv isio n I O c c u p a n c y m o re th a n tw o s to n e s in h e ig h t o r h a v in g m o re th an 3 .0 0 0 s q u a re feet (2 7 9 m -) a b o v e th e first story sh all n o t b e o f less th a n o n e - h o u r fire -re sistiv e c o n stru c tio n th ro u g h o u t e x c e p t a s p ro v id e d in S e c tio n 601 5 2 2 S e e S e a io n 3 1 0 2 2 - 'E x i c n o r b e a n n g a n d n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T y p e III a n d T y p e IV c o n s tr u a io n sh a ll be c o n stru c te d o f n o n co m b u stib le m a te n a ls W hen e x te n o r w a lls o f T y p e III and T y p e IV co n stru c tio n fro n t o n p u b lic w a y s or yards h av in g a w id th o f at le a st 3 f e a (9 1 5 m m i. a p p ro v e d fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d fr a m in g m a y be u s e d w ith in th e a sse m b ly W h e re fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is u s e d , th e r e q u ire d Ore re sista n c e for th e e x te n o r w alls shall b e m ain tain ed an d th e e x p o se d o u te r a n d in n e r fa c e s o f su c h w a lls m u st b e n o n c o m b u su b le . S e e S e a io n 5 0 3 4 3 W o o d c o lu m n s a n d a rc h e s c o n fo rm in g to h e a v y -tim b e r siz e s m a y b e u se d e x te rn a lly fo r w a lls lo ca te d 2 0 feet (6 0 9 6 m m ) o r m ore fro m th e p ro p e rty line S e e S e a io n 503 4 4 - 4A fo u r-h o u r a re a se p a ra tio n w a ll is re q u ire d b e tw e e n a liq u id s to r a g e w a r e h o u s e iC nup H . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y ) a n d all o th e r u se s S e e S e a i o n 307 I 5 ~ U n le ss re q u ire d b y S e c tio n 3 1 1 2 2. a tw o -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n is p e r m itte d w h e n th e G ro u p S . D iv isio n 3 O c cu p an c y is used e x c lu siv e ly fo r p a r k in g o r s to ra g e o f p le a su re -ty p e m o to r v e h ic le s p ro v id ed n o r e p a ir w o rk o r re fu e lin g is d o n e S u c h o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n m ay b e re d u c e d to o n e h o u r w h e n th e a r e a o f th e G ro u p S . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y d o e s n o t e x c e e d 3.0(X) s q u a re feet (2 7 9 m -) S e e S e a to n 3 02 4 . E x c e p tio n 2 - '’S to ra g e o r lau n d ry ro o m s that a re w ith in G ro u p R . D iv isio n I O c c u p a n a e s that a re used in c o m m o n by te n a n ts sh a ll be sep a rate d from th e rest o f th e b u ild in g by not le ss th a n o n e - h o u r fire -re sistiv e o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n s - 7ln n o n s p n n k le re d G ro u p R . D iv isio n I O c c u p a n c ie s, c o m d o rs s e rv in g a n o c c u p a n t load o f 10 o r m o re sh all b e sep a rate d fro m c o m d o rs an d o th e r a re a s on a d ja c e n t flo o rs by n o t less th an ap p ro v ed fixed w ire glass set in ste e l fram es o r by 2 0 -m in u te sm o k e - a n d d ra ft-c o n tro l asse m b lies, w h ich a re a u to m a tic c lo s in g by sm o k e d e te c tio n S e e S e c tio n 3 1 0 8 -* S e c S e a io n 302 5 fo r h e a tin g e q u ip m e n t ro o m o cc u p an c y s e p a ra tio n r e q u ir e m en ts 88 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP S, DIVISION 1 OCCUPANCY G roup S, Division 1 O ccupancy. M oderate hazard storage occupancies shall include buildings or pontons o f buildings used for storage of combus tible matenals that are not classified as a G roup S. Division 2 or as a Group H Occupancy TYPE OF TYPE r ' TYPE B TYPE m TYPE IV T v r e v IT NONCOMBUSTIBLE COMBUSTIBLE73 SUBJECT F.R F.R. I J t f . N 1-NR. N M.T. 1-MR. N Area ISQ ft )' U * 39.900 (3707 m 2) 16.000 (1672 m2) 12.000 (1115m 2) 18.000 (1672 m 2) 12 000 (1115 m2) 1 8 0 0 0 (1672 m 2) 14.000 (1301 m 2* 8 000 (743 m2) Sat Stones u 12 4 2 4 2 4 3 2 Height m )2 0 160 (4B 768 mm) 65 (1 9 8 1 2 mm) 55 (16764 mm) 65 (19 812 mm) 55 (16 764 mm) 65 (19 8 12 mm) 50 (15 240 mm) 40 (12192 mm) Bearing wan 4 hr c S ft (1S24 mm) 2 hr * 5 ft (1524 m m i 1 hr 1 hr < 20fl (6096 mm)22 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr a 5 ft (1524 mm) 1 hr 1 hr < 20 ft (6096 mm) Extenor protection3 NonoearinQ wall 4 hr < 5 f t (lS 2 4 m m ) 2 hr < 2 0 ft (6096 m m ) 1 hr < 4 0 ft (12 192 m m ) 1 hr < 40 ft (1 2 1 9 2 mm) 1 hr < 2 0 ft (6096 mm)22 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr < 2 0 f t (6 0 9 6 mmi I h r < 4 0 It (1 2 1 9 2 m m ) 1 hr 1 hr < 20 ft (6096 mm* Opening* Not perm itted < 5 ft (1524 mmi Not pem utted < 5 ft (1524 mmi 3 4 hr < 2 0 ft (6096 m m i 3/4 hr < 10 ft (3048 mm) 3/4 hr < 2 0 ft (6096 mm) 3/4 hr < 1 0 tt (3048 m m 1 Bearing wall 3 hr 2 hr 1 hr N 1 hr L * 1 hr N 1 A-3.0 F-t F-2 | No separation reowred No separation required C c p A-2 A-2 t A-4.E. H-324. H-A H-5 H-6 Wan or floor 1 hr 1 hr A Opening t hr 1 hr C H-7'* M R-3. S-2. S 3 S-5 U-t I N Y S E Percentage of opening No limitation No (mutation j 1 T E B A Wall or floor 2 hr 2 hr 1 A M-2 1 Opening t '- r hr 1 V j n r | R Percentage of opening No limitation No limitation | P R n 1 Wall or floor5 3 hr 3 hr | T » A -t.R -t Opening 3 hr 3 hr C T Percentage of opening5 Not m ore than 25% Not m o re th an 25* 0 Wan 4 hr 2 hr 4 hr 2 hr N Area separation Opening 3 hr 3 ,'r hr 3 hr i '- : hr | wart* w Percentage of openings'* Not more than 25% Not m ore than 25^ Shaft enclosure’2 Wall 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr 1 Openings , I ’/j hr 1 hr 1 hr Permanent partitions'3 2’ t hr 1 hr N 1 hr N 1 hr or H T 1 hr N Floors 2 hr 1 hr N 1 hr N H T 1 hr N R oo's 1 2 h r 15 1 h r 15 1 h r 15 N 1 hr N H T 1 hr N 1 Structural fram e'* | 3 h r 15 2 h r '« I h r 15 N 1 hr N 1 hr or H T 1 hr , N ! F R = F ire re sistiv e < = L e ss th a n H T = H e av y tim b e r S e c S e c tio n 6 0 5 6 2 = E q u a l to o r g re a te r than N = N o g e n e ra l re q u ire m e n t fo r fire re sista n c e ( Footnotes continued on follow ing page.) 89 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1 A re a in d ic a te d is th e b a ste a llo w a b le a r e a fo r b u ild in g s o n e story in h e ig h t S ee S e c tio n 5(U I S ee S ection .MU 2 fo r are a s o t b u ild in g s o v e r o n e sto ry . S ectio n M U 3 for th e a r e a o f b u ild in g s w ith a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y . S e c tio n M U 4 fo r th e a r e a o f m e z z a n in e s a n d S e c tio n 5 0 5 f o r allow a b le a re a in c re a se s * S ee S e c tio n 2 0 9 fo r d e fin itio n o f b u ild in g h eig h t S ee S e c tio n 5 0 b fo r e x c e p tio n s ’ R e g a rd le ss o f ty p e o f c o n stru c tio n o r (ire -re sistiv e re q u ire m e n ts fo r e x te n o r w aJls. certain e le m e n ts o f w a lls fro n tin g o n p u b lic w a y s o r y a r d s h a v in g a w id th o f at lea st 4 0 teet < 12 192 m m i m ay b e c o n stru c te d o f c o m b u stib le m a te n a ls S ee S e c tio n 601 5 4 4T h e su m o f the a re a o f such openings sh all not ex ceed 50 p ercen t o f th e t o u l area o f (h e w a ll tn e a c h story S e e S e c tio n 5 03 2 5A ll o p e n in g s in flo o rs fo rm in g a th re e -h o u r o cc u p an c y se p a ra tio n s h a ll b e p ro te c te d by sh aft, stairw ay, ra m p o r e sc a la to r en c lo su res ex te n d in g a b o v e an d b e low su c h o p e n in g s T h e w a lls o f s u c h e n c lo su re s sh a ll n o t b e o f le s s th a n tw o -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e c o n stru c tio n w ith a ll o p e n in g s (h e re in p ro te c te d b y a fire asse m b ly h a v in g a o ne- an d o n e -h a lf-h o u r firc -p ro te c tio n ra tin g S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 3. Ite m 2 E X C E P T I O N : W h e n th e w a lls o f s u c h e n c lo su r e e x te n d in g b elo w th e th re e -h o u r fire -re sistiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n to th e fo u n d a tio n a re p ro v id e d w ith a fire-restsuve ra tin g o f not less th an th ree h o u rs w ith o p e n in g s th e re in p ro te c te d a s re q u ire d for w a lls fo rm in g th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n cy se p a ra tio n s, th e en c lo su re w a lls ex te n d in g a b o v e su ch flo o r u se d as the th re e -h o u r fire -re sistiv e o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n m ay h a v e a o n e -h o u r fire -rrs iv tiv e ra tin g p ro v id ed 1 T h e o cc u p an c y a b o v e is n o t re q u ite d to b e o f T y p e I o r T y p e II fire -re s is tiv e c o n stru c tio n , a n d 2 T h e e n c lo su re w a ils d o n o t e n c lo se a n e x it sta irw a y , a ra m p o r an e s c a la to r re q u ire d to h av e e n c lo su r e w a lls o l n o t less th a n tw o -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e c o n stru c tio n * T h c to ta l w id th o f a ll o p e n in g s tn any story sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 25 p e r c e n t o f th e w a ll len g th in th a t story an d n o s in g le o p e n in g sh a ll h a v e a n a r e a g re a te r th a n 12li sq u a re fe et t i l m - » S ee S e c tio n 302 3. Ite m 2 7A C ro u p H . D iv isio n I O c cu p an c y is n o t p erm itted in a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y b u ild ing S ee S e c tio n 3 0 7 2 8 C ro u p H . D iv isio n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s c o m a im n g q u a n titie s o f h a z a rd o u s m a te n a ls in ex c ess o f th o se set fo rth in T a b le 3-G shall be lo ca te d in a o n e-sto ry b u ilding u se d lo r n o o th e r p u rp o se and w h ic h is w ith o ut b a s e m e n ts , c ra w l sp ac es o r o th e r u n d e r-tlo o r sp a c e s S e e S e c tio n 307 2 9 • F o r s p e c ia l p ro v is io n s o n highly to x ic m a te n a ls . se e th e F ire C o d e S e e T ab le 3 -B . F o o tn o te 2 * W h c n an a re a se p a ra tio n w all a lso s e p a ra te s o c c u p a n c ie s th a t a re re q u ire d to b e se p a ra te d by a n o cc u p an c y se p a ra tio n , th e m o st re s tn c tiv e r e q u ir e m e n ts o f e a c h s e p a ra tio n sh a ll apply S e e S e c tio n 5 0 4 6 I t0 W h e re a r e a s e p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b etw e en p o rtio n s o f a b u ild in g h a v in g d it fe re n t ty p e s o f c o n s tru c tio n , th e m ost r e s tn c u v e re q u ir e m e n t’ - sh all g m c m S e e S e a t o n 601 " T h e to ta l w id th o f all o p e n in g s in any story sh all n o t e x c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e w a ll le n g th in th a t sto ry S e e S e c tio n 504 6 2 1 ~ S ce S e c tio n s 7 1 1 2 a n d 711 3 fo r e x c e p tio n s S e e S e a t o n s 1 005 3 3 2 a n d 1005 3 3 5 fo r ex it e n c lo s u r e re q u ire m e n t^ ,3 In T y p e I a n d T y p e II c o n s tru c tio n , fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d a s d e fin e d in S e a t o n 2 0 7 m ay b e u s e d in th e asse m b ly p ro v id e d fire-rest%tan«.L- r e q u ir e m e n ts a r e m a in ta in e d T h e u s e o f fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is n o t p e rm itte d tn p a r titio n s w h ic h a re a p a rt o f a sh aft e n c lo su r e S e e S e c tio n s 6 0 2 1 a n d 6 0 3 1 ,4 S in ic tu r a I fra m e e le m e n ts in a n ex te n o r w a ll that is lo ca te d w h e re o p e n in g s arc n o t p e r m itte d o r w h e re p r o te a io n o f o p e n in g s is re q u ire d sh a ll b e p ro te c te d a g a in s t e x te rn a l fire e x p o s u r e a s re q u ire d fo r e x te n o r b e a n n g w a lls o r th e s t r u a u r a l fra m e , w h ic h e v e r is g re a te r S e e T a b le 6 -A . F o o tn o te I 13R o o fs a n d th e ir m e m b e r s , o th e r th an th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e , m ay b e o f u n p ro te c te d n o n c o m b u s tib le m a te n a ls w h e n e v e ry p a n o f th e ro o f fram in g in c lu d in g th e s tr u a u r a l fram e, is 25 feet (7620 m m i o r m o re a b o v e th e floor, balcony o r g a lle r y im m e d ia te ly b elo w H e a v y -u m b e r m e m b e rs in a c c o rd a n c e w ith S e a t o n 6 0 5 .6 m a y b e u s e d fo r su ch u n p ro te c te d m e m b e rs in o n e-sto ry b u ild u tg s ,6 S e e S e a i o n 5 0 8 fo r p e rm itte d s u b stitu tio n o f a n a u to m a tic spnnW lcr sy ste m w h e re o n e - h o u r fire -re s ts tiv e c o n s tr u a io n is re q u ire d th ro u g h o u t p ro v id e d s u c h s y s te m is n o t o th e rw is e re q u ire d th ro u g h o u t th e b u ild in g ,7 A c a rp o rt e n tire ly o p e n o n tw o o r m o re s id e s a n d h a v in g n o e n c lo se d u s e - a b o v e n e e d n o t b e se p a ra te d fro m a G ro u p R . D iv isio n 3 O c cu p an c y S ec S e c tio n 3 0 2 I . E x c e p tio n 3 ls T h e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n b e tw e e n G ro u p R . D iv is io n 3 a n d G r o u p L * O c c u p a n c ie s m a y b e a s p e rm itte d by S ectio n 3 0 2 4 . E x c e p tio n 3 l9T h e r e sh a ll b e n o o p e n in g fro m a p n v a te g a ra g e in to a ro o m u se d fo r sle e p in g p u r p o s e s S e e S e a i o n 3 1 2 4 • ° E x ( c n o r b e a n n g a n d n o n b e a n n g waJIs o f T y p e If! a n d T y p e IV c o m rru c rio n sh a ll b e c o n stru c te d o f n o n co m b u sttb le m a te n a ls W h e n e x te n o r w all* o f Ty pc 111 a n d T y p e IV c o n stru c tio n fro n t o n p u b lic w a y s o r y ard s h av in g a w idth ot le a st 3 f e a (9 1 5 m m i. a p p ro v e d fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d fra m in g m ay be u s e d w ith in th e a s s e m b ly W h e re fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is u se d , th e r e q u ir e d fire re sista n c e fo r th e e x te n o r w alls sh all b e m a in ta in e d and th e expoved o u te r a n d in n e r fa c e s o f su c h w a ils m u st b e n o n c o m b u s u b le S e c S e c tio n 5 0 3 4 3 W o o d c o lu m n s a n d a rc h e s co n fo rm in g to h e a v y -u m b e r siz e s m ay b e u se d e x te r n a lly f o r w a lls lo ca te d 2 0 feet (6 0 9 6 m m ) o r m o re fro m th e property line S e e S e a i o n 5 0 3 4 4 -* A f o u r - h o u r a r e a s e p a ra tio n w a ll is re q u ire d b e tw e e n a liq u id s to ra g e w a r e h o u s e (G ro u p H . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c v i a n d a ll o th e r u s e s S e e S e c tio n 3 0 7 ! 5 90 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP S, DIVISION 2 OCCUPANCY G roup S. Division 2 Occupancy. Lou-hazard storage occupancies shall include buildings, structures, or portions thereof, used for storage of noncom bustible materials, such as products on w ood pallets or in paper canons with or without smgle-thtckness divisions, or m paper wrappings and shall include ice plants, power plants and pumping plants. Such products may have a negligible amount o f plasuc tnm such as knobs, handles or film w rap ping Sec Section 311.1 for a list o f low -hazard com m odities which may be stored in this occupancy. OP COMOUSTMLE*4 NONCOMSUSTiauE P R H.T. P.R. 18.000 (1672 m2) 27.000 (2508 m2) 18.000 (1672 m2) 27.000 (2508 m^) 21.000 (1951 m2) 12.000 (1115 Sue Stories 160 (48 768 mm) (16 764 mm) (1 9 8 1 2 mm ) (16 764 m m ) Beanng wall 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 m m ) 2 hr a 5 tt (1524 mm) 1 hr < 5 f t (1524 mm)23 4 h r < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr a S i t (1524 mm) 1 hr 1 hr 4 h r < 5 f t (1 5 2 4 m m ) 2 hr < 2 0 ft (6096 m m ) 1 hr < 4 0 ft (1 2 1 9 2 m m ) 4 h r < 5 f t (1524 mm) 2 hr. < 20 ft. (6096 m m ) 1 h r < 4 0 f t (12 192 m m ) 1 hr < 40 ft (1 2 1 9 2 mm) 1 hr (1524 mm) Mot permitted < 5 ft (1524 mm) Not permmed < 5 ft (1524 mm) Not permitted < 3 ft (915 m m ) Not permuted < 3 ft (915 m m ) 3/4 h r < 10 f t (3048 mm) Vt ftt <10 ft (3048 b t nr < 20 ft (6096 m m ) ] /« h r < 2 0 ft (6096 m m ) Bearing wail 2 hr 3 hr 1 hr 1 hr 1 hr No separation fiourred No separation Wan or floor* 3 hr A-1 Opening 3 hr 3 hr Not m ore than 25% Not m ore than 25% Wail 2 hr 4 hr 4 hr Opening 3 hr Area separation w a n 9 » c Not m ore than 25% Not m ore than 25% See Footnote 12 Wall See Footnote 12 Openings See Footnote 12 See Footnote 12 Permanent partitionsn n 1 h r or H T 1 hr Floors 2 hr H.T 1 hr 1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 1 hr 1 h r or H T F R = F ire re s is tiv e < = L e s s th a n K T = H eavy u m b e r S e e S e c tio n 6 0 5 6 S = E q u a l to o r g re a te r than N = N o g e n e ra l re q u ire m e n t fo r fire re s is ta n c e (Footnotes continued on follow ing p a g e . ) 91 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ‘A rea in d icated is th e b a sic a llo w a b le a re a fo r b u ild in g s o n e story in h e ig h t S e e S ection 50* 1 S ee S ectto n SO* 2 fo r a reas o f b u ild in g s o v e r o n e sto ry . S e c tio n SO* 3 for th e a r e a o f b u ild in g s w ith a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y S e c tio n 5 0 4 4 fo r th e area o f m e z z a n in e s a n d S e c tio n SOS fo r a llo w a b le a r e a in c re a se s •S e c S ectio n 2 0 9 fo r d e f in itio n o f b u ild in g h e ig h t S ee S e c tio n S 0 6 fo r e x c e p tio n s ^R egardless o f ty p e o f c o n s tru c tio n o r firc -re ststiv e re q u ire m e n ts fo r e x te n o r w alls, c e rta in e le m e n ts o f w a lls fro n tin g o n p u b lic w a y s o r y a rd s h a v in g a w idth o f at least 4 0 feet (1 2 192 m m ) m ay b e c o n stru c te d o f c o m b u stib le m a te rials S ee S e c tio n 601 5 4 4T h e sum o f th e a re a o f su ch o p e n in g s shall not e x c ee d 5 0 p ercen t o f th e total area o f th e w a ll in e a c h sto rv S e e S e c tio n 5 0 3 2 'A il o p en in g s in flo o rs fo rm in g a th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n sh a ll b e p ro tected by sh aft, stairw ay, ra m p o r esc a la to r en c lo su res e x te n d in g a b o v e a n d b e low su ch o p e n in g s T h e w a lls o f s u c h e n c lo su re s sh a ll n o : b e o f le s s th a n tw o -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e c o n s tru c tio n w ith a ll o p e a t n p th e re in p ro te c te d b y a fire asse m b ly h a v in g a o n e - an d o n e -h a lf-h o u r f u c -p ro tc c u o n ra tin g . S e e S e c tio n 302 3. Ite m 2 E X C E P T I O N : W h e n th e w a lls o f su c h e n c lo s u r e e x te n d in g b elo w th e th re e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n to th e fo u n d a tio n a re p ro v id e d w ith a fire -re sisu v e ra tin g o f not less th an th ree h ours w ith o p e n in g s th e re in p r o te a e d a s re q u ire d fo r w a lls fo rm in g th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n cy sep a ratio n s, th e e n c lo su re w a lls ex te n d in g a b o v e s u c h flo o r u se d as the th re e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n m a y h a v e a o o e - h o u r fire -re sistiv e ra tin g p ro v id e d 1 T h e o c c u p a n c y a b o v e is n o t re q u ire d to b e o f T y p e I o r T y p e II fire -re sistiv e c o n s tru c tio n , a n d 2 T h e e n c lo su r e w a lls d o n o t e n c lo se a n e x it sta irw a y , a ra m p o r an e s c a la to r re q u ire d to h a v e e n c lo su r e w a ils o f n o t le s s th a n tw o -h o u r fire -re sistiv e c o n s tru c tio n *T he total w id th o f a ll o p e n in g s in a n y sto ry sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 2 5 p e rc e n t o f th e w all len g th in th a t sto ry a n d n o s in g le o p e n in g sh a ll h a v e a n a re a g re a te r th an 120 sq u are fe et ( I I m - ) S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 .3 . Ite m 2 'A C ro u p H . D iv isio n I O c c u p a n c y is n o t p e rm itte d in a m ix ed o c c u p a n c y b u ild ing S ee S e c tio n 307 2 8 G ro u p H . D iv isio n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s c o n ta in in g q u an tities o f haz ard o u s m ateria ls in e x c ess o f th o se se t fo rth in T ab le 3 -G shall be located m a o n e -sto ry b u ild in g u se d fo r n o o th e r p u rp o se a n d w h ich is w ith out b ase m e n ts, c ra w l s p a c e s o r o th e r u n d e r-flo o r s p a c e s S e e S e c tio n 3 0 7 .2 9 8T h e fo llo w in g o c c u p a n c ie s n e e d n o t b e s e p a ra te d fro m th e u s e s to w h ic h th e y are accesso ry 1 A ssem b ly ro o m s h a v in g a flo o r a r e a o f n o t o v e r 7 5 0 sq u a re fe e t ( 6 9 7 m 2) S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 I . E x c e p tio n 2 . 1 2 A d m in istra tiv e a n d c le n c a l o ffic e s a n d sim ilar ro o m s w h ich in th e a g g re g a te d o n o t ex c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e flo o r a re a o f th e m a jo r u se w h e n n o t re la ted to G r o u p H . D iv is io n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s . S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 .1 . E x c e p tio n 2 2 *W hen an a re a se p a ra tio n w a ll a lso se p a ra te s o c c u p a n c ie s th a t a r e re q u ire d to be sep arated b y a n o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n , th e m o st re s tr ic tiv e re q u ire m e n ts o f ea ch se p a ra tio n sh a ll ap p ly See S e c tio n 5 0 * 6 I l0W h e re a re a se p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b e tw e e n p o rtio n s o f a b u ild in g h a v in g d if ferent ty p e s o f c o n s tru c tio n , th e m o s t re s tric tiv e re q u ir e m e n ts sh a ll g o v e rn S ee S e c tio n 601 I ‘T h e total w idth o f a ll o p e n in g s in a n y story shall n o t e x c e e d 2 5 p e rc e n t o t ih c w a ll length in th at story S e e S e c tio n 5 0 4 6 2 ,2 S e e S ections 7 11 1 a n d 7 1 1 .2 fo r e x c e p tio n s In buildings eq u ip p e d w ith an a u to m a tic s p n n k le r sy stem th ro u g h o u t, e s c a lato rs need n o t b e e n c lo se d w h e n d ra ft c u rta in s an d fire s p rin k le rs are in sta lle d p e r S e a to n 311 6 S e e S ectio n s 1005.3 2 a n d 1005 3 3 5 fo r e x it e n c lo su re re q u ir e m e n ts l3 In T y p e I and T y p e II c o n s u u a io n . fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d a s d e f in e d in S e c tio n 207 m a y b e u se d in th e a sse m b ly , p ro v id e d fire -re s is ta n c e r e q u ir e m e n ts a re m ain tain ed T h e u s e o f fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is not p e rm itte d in partitio n s w h ic h a re a p a n o f a s h a ft e n c lo su re S e e S e c tio n s 6 0 2 I a n d 6 0 3 I l4 S tn ia u r a l fram e ele m e n ts in a n e x te n o r w a ll that is lo ca te d w h e re o p e n in g s are no t p erm itted o r w h e re p ro te c tio n o f o p e n in g s is re q u ire d s h a ll b e p ro te c te d a g a in st ex te rn a l fire e x p o s u r e a s re q u ire d fo r e x te n o r b e a n n g w a lls o r th e stru c tu ra l fram e, w h ic h e v e r is g re ater. See T ab le 6 -A . F o o tn o te I l3 N o t used. 16In a n atn u m . w h e n ev e ry p a rt o f th e stru c tu ra l fram ew o rk o f th e r o o f is not le w th a n 25 feet (7 6 2 0 m m ) a b o v e an y flo o r, b alc o n y o r g allery , f ir e p ro te c tio n o f all m em bers o f th e ro o f c o n s tru c tio n , in c lu d in g th o s e o f th e s m ia u r a ! fra m e , m a y b e o m itte d H e a v y -u m b e r m e m b e rs in a c c o rd a n c e w ith S e c tio n 6 0 5 6 m a y b e used f o r su c h u n p ro te c te d m e m b e rs in o n e -sto ry b u ild in g s S e e S e e - u o n s 602.5 a n d 6 0 3 5 II See S e a io n 5 0 8 fo r p e r m itte d su b s titu tio n o f a n a u to m a tic s p n n k le r s y s te m w h e re o n e -h o u r fire -re s ts u v e c o n s tru c tio n is re q u ire d th ro u g h o u t p r o v id e d su c h system is not o th e rw is e re q u ire d th ro u g h o u t th e b u ild in g ‘* F o r special p ro v isio n s o n h ig h ly to x ic m a te n a ls. s e e th e F ire C o d e S e e T a b le 3 -B . F o o tn o te 2. ,9 N o t used 20A n ap p ro v ed sp ra y b o o th c o n s tn ia e d in a c c o rd a n c e w ith th e F ir e C o d e n e e d no t be sep arated from G ro u p B . F. H . M o r S O c c u p a n c ie s S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 I . E x c e p tio n 2 . 1 2 ‘ S e e S ection 6 0 1 .5 .2 fo r e x c e p tio n s ^ N o fire -re sistiv e tim e p e rio d is re q u ire d fo r a n e x te n o r w a ll o f a o n e -sto ry b u ild in g provided th e flo o r a re a d o e s n o t ex ceed 1.000 sq u are fe e t <93 m -1 a n d p ro v id e d such w a ll is lo c a te d n o t le ss th a n 5 fe et (1 5 2 4 m m ) fr o m a p ro p e rty lin e S ee S ectio n 5 03 4 2. 23 E x te n o r b e a n n g a n d n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T y p e III a n d T y p e IV c o n s tr u a io n sh a ll be constructed o f n o n c o m b u su b le m a te n a ls W h e n e x te n o r w a lls o f T y p e III o r Type IV c o n s tru a io n fro n t o n p u b lic w a y s o r y ard s h a v in g a w id th o f at le a st 5 feet (1 5 2 4 m m ), a p p ro v e d fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d fra m in g m ay b e u se d w ithin th e a sse m b ly W h e re fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is u s e d , th e r e q u ire d fire resistan ce fo r th e e x te n o r w a lls shall b e m ain tain ed a n d th e e x p o se d o u te r an d in n e r fa c e s o f s u c h w a lls sh a ll b e n o n c o m b u s u b le S e e S e a i o n 503 4 3 W o o d c o lu m n s a n d a rc h e s c o n fo rm in g to h e a v y -u m b e r s iz e s m ay h e u s e d e x te rn a lly for w a lls lo ca te d 2 0 feet (6 0 9 6 m m ) o r m o re fro m th e p ro p erty line S e e S e a to n 5 0 3 4 4 24A fo u r-h o u r a r e a se p a ra tio n w a ll is re q u ire d b e tw e e n a liq u id s to ra g e w a r e h o u se (G ro u p H . D iv is io n 3 O c c u p a n c y ) a n d a ll o th e r u s e s S e e S e a i o n 30 7 1 5 23S e e S e a io n 3 0 2 .5 fo r h e a tin g e q u ip m e n t ro o m o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n r e q u ir e m en ts 92 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP S, DIVISION 3 OCCUPANCY G roup S . D iv is io n 3 Occupancy. R e p a ir g a r a g e s w h e r e w o r k is l im ite d to e x c h a n g e o f p a n s a n d m a i n t e n a n c e r e q u ir i n g n o o p e n f la m e , w e ld in g , m o to r v e h ic le f u e l- d i s p e n s i n g s t a t i o n s a n d p a r k i n g g a r a g e s n o t c l a s s i f i e d a s G r o u p S . D iv is io n 4 o p e n p a r k in g g a r a g e s o r G r o u p U p r i v a t e g a r a g e s . o r coumrsTOk£’* F J t F R H .T. 39.900 (3707 m*) Area 18.000 (1672 m 2) 1 4 0 0 0 (1301 m2) 19.000 (1672 m*) 18.000 (1672 m2) 8.000 (743 m2) Sue Stones Height m V (16 764 mm) (19 8 1 2 mm) (16 764 mm) (15 240 mm) (12192 mm) (19 812 m m ) t n r < 2 0 t i » (6096 mm) 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr a S f t (1 524m m ) 4 hr < 5 f t (1524 mm) 2 hr a 5 ft. (1524 mm) 1 hr < 2 0 ft (6096 mm) 1 hr < 20 f t * (6096 mm) 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 m m ) 2 hr < 2 0 ft (6 0 96m m ) 1 hr < 4 0 ft (1 2 1 9 2 m m ) 4 hr < 5 f t (1524 m m ) 2 hr < 2 0 ft. (6096 mm) 1 hr < 4 0 ft (12 192 mm) 1 hr < 20 ft (6096 mm) 1 hr Not permitted < 5 ft (1524 mm) Not permitted < 5 ft (1524 mm) i/4 hr < 10 ft (3048 mm) */4 hr < 10 ft (3048 mm) ] '4 hr < 2 0 ft (6096 m m ) 3/4 hr < 2 0 ft (6096m m ) B u n n g watt 3 hr 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr 1 hr Wail or floor 1 hr 1 hr Opening 1 hr 1 hr 2 hr Opening No limitation 3 hr 3 hr Opening 3 hr Not m ore than 25% Not Wau or floor 4 hr 4 hr No openings penroned Wall 2 hr 4 hr Opening 3 nr 3 hr Not m ore than 25% Noi m ore than 25% 2 nr 1 hr t hr 1 hr 1 hr Permanent partitions'5 1 hr or H T 1 nr 1 hr H T t hr 1 hr t hr is HT Structural fram e14 2 hr 1 hr 3 hr 1 hr or H T 1 hr F R F ire re sistiv e L e s s th an < H T = H eavy u m b e r S ee S e c tio n 6 0 5 6 2 = E q u a l to o r g re a te r than N = N o ge ne ra l re q u ire m e n t fo r fire re s is ta n c e (Footnotes continued on follow ing page.} 93 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1 A re a in d icated is th e b a sic a llo w a b le a re a fo r b u ild in g s o n e sto ry in h e ig h t S ee S ectio n SOt 1 S ee S ectio n 504 2 fo r areas o f b u ild in g s o v e r o n e s to r y S ectio n 5 0 4 3 fo r th e a re a o f b u ild in g s w ith a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y S e c tio n 5 0 * 4 fo r th e a r e a o f m e z z a n in e s a n d S e c tio n 5 0 5 fo r a llo w a b le a r e a in c re a s e s 2S e e S ectio n 2 0 9 fo r d e fin itio n o f b u ild in g h e ig h t S ee S e c tio n 5 0 6 fo r e x c e p tio n s 3R eg ard )ess o f ty p e o f c o n s tru c tio n o r fire -re s is tiv e r e q u ir e m e n ts f o r e x te n o r w a lls, c e rta in e le m e n ts o f w a lls fro n tin g o n p u b lic w a y s o r y a rd s h a v in g a w id th o f a t least 4 0 feet (1 2 192 m m ) m a y b e c o n s tru c te d o f c o m b u s tib le m a te n a ls S ee S e c tio n 6 01 5 4 4T h e sum o f th e area o f su ch open in g s sh all not e x c e e d 5 0 p e rc e n t o f th e to tal area o f th e w a ll in e a c h sto ry S e e S e c tio n 5 03 2 5 A il o p en in g s in flo o rs fo rm in g a th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n s h a ll b e p ro t e a e d by sh aft, stairw a y , ra m p o r esc a la to r e n c lo su r e s e x te n d in g a b o v e a n d b e low such o p e n in g s T h e w a ils o f s u c h e n c lo s u r e s s h a ll n o t b e o f le s s th a n tw o -h o u r fu r - r e s is tiv e c o n s tr u a io n w ith a ll o p e n in g s th e r e in p ro te c te d by a fire assem b ly h a v in g a o n e - a n d o n e -h a lf-h o u r f ir e -p ro te c u o n ra tin g S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 .3 . Ite m 2 E X C E P T I O N : W h e n th e w a lls o f s u c h e n c lo s u r e e x te n d in g b elo w th e th re e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n to th e fo u n d a tio n a re p ro v id e d w ith a fire -re sisu v e ra tin g o f n o t less th a n th re e h o u rs w ith o p e n in g s th e re in p ro te c te d as re q u ire d fo r w a lls fo r m in g th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y sep a ratio n s, (he e n c lo su re w a lls e x te n d in g a b o v e su c h flo o r u se d a s th e th re e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a r a tio n m a y h a v e a o n e - h o u r fu e -re s is tiv e ra tin g p ro v id e d 1 T h e o c c u p a n c y a b o v e is n o t re q u ire d to b e o f T y p e I o r T y p e II fire -re sistiv e c o n s tru c tio n , a n d 2 T h e e n c lo su r e w a lls d o n o t e n c lo se a n e x it s ta irw a y , a r a m p o r an e s c a la to r re q u ire d to h a v e e n c lo su r e w a lls o f c o t le s s th a n tw o -h o u r fire -re sistiv e c o n stru c tio n * T h e to ta l w id th o f a ll o p e n in g s in a n y sto ry sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 2 5 p e r c e n t o f th e w a ll length in th at s to iy a n d n o s in g le o p e n in g s h a ll h a v e a n a r e a g re a te r th a n 120 sq u are fe et ( I I m - ) S e e S e a i o n 3 02 3 . Ite m 2 7 A C ro u p H . D iv isio n I O c c u p a n c y is n o t p erm itted in a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y b u ild in g See S ectio n 3 0 7 2 8 G ro u p H . D iv isio n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s c o n ta in in g q u an tities o f h az ard o u s m ateria ls in e x c ess o f th o se s e t fo rth in T a b le 3 -C shall b e located in a o n e -sto ry b u ild in g u se d for n o o th e r p u rp o s e a n d w h ic h is w ith o u t b a se m e n ts, c ra w l s p a c e s o r o th e r u n d e r-flo o r s p a c e s S e e S e a i o n 3 07 2 9 * T h e fo llo w in g o c c u p a n c ie s n e e d n o t b e se p a ra te d fr o m th e u s e s to w h ic h th e y a re ac ce sso ry 1 A ssem b ly ro o m s h a v in g a flo o r a re a o f n o t o v e r 7 5 0 s q u a r e fe e t (6 9 7 m *) S e e S e a io n 3 0 2 .1 . E x c e p tio n 2 I 2. A d m in istra tiv e an d c lc n c a l o ffic e s a n d s im ila r ro o m s w h ic h in th e a g g re gate d o n o t e x c ee d 25 p ercen t o f th e flo o r a re a o f th e m a jo r u s e w h e n not re la ted to G ro u p H . D iv is io n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 .1. E x c e p tio n 2 .2 * W h e n an a re a se p a ra tio n w a ll a ls o se p a ra te s o c c u p a n c ie s th a t a r e re q u ir e d to b e sep a rate d b y an o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n , th e m o s t r e s tr ic tiv e r e q u ir e m e n ts o f e a c h se p a ra tio n sh all a p p ly S e e S e a t o n 5 0 4 6 I l0W h e re a r e a se p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b e tw e e n p o rtio n s o f a b u ild in g h av in g d i f ferent ty p e s o f c o n s tr u a io n . th e m o st r e s t n a i v e r e q u ir e m e n ts sh all g o v ern S ee S e a io n 601 1 'T h e to tal w id th o f all o p e n in g s in a n y s to ry s h a ll n o t e x c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e w a ll le n g th in th a t sto ry S e e S e a i o n 504.6 2 12E xks sh a ll b e e n c lo se d a s s p e a f ic d in C h a p te r 10. b u t o th e r th ro u g h -H o o r o p en in g s n e e d n o t b e e n c lo se d S e e S e a t o n 3 1 1 6 . e x c e p tio n S ee S e a to n s 1005.3.3 2 a n d 1005 3.3.5 f o r e x it e n c lo s u r e re q u ire m e n ts l J ln T ype I a n d T y p e U c o n s tr u a io n . fire -re ta rd a n t- tr e a te d w o o d a s d e fin e d in S e a io n 207 m a y b e u se d in th e a s s e m b ly , p ro v id e d ftre -re s is ta n c e re q u ir e m en ts a re m a in ta in e d T h e u s e o f fire -re ta rd a n t- tr e a te d w o o d is n o t p erm itted in p artitio n s w h ic h a r e a p a rt o f a s h a f t e n c lo s u r e . S e e S e c tio n s 602 1 a n d 603 I l4 S tr u a u n l fram e e le m e n ts in a n e x te n o r w a ll th at is lo c a te d w h e re o p en in g s are not p e rm itte d o r w h e re p ro te c tio n o f o p e n in g s is r e q u ir e d s h a ll b e p ro te c te d ag a in st e x te rn a l fire e x p o s u r e a s re q u ir e d f o r e x t e n o r b e a n n g w a lls o r th e s tn ia u r a l fra m e , w h ic h e v e r is g re a te r S e c T a b le 6 - A . F o o tn o te I 13 N ot u sed l6 N ot u sed l7S e e S e a io n 5 0 8 fo r pe r m itte d s u b s titu tio n o f a n a u to m a tic s p n n k le r sy ste m w h e re o n e - h o u r fire -re s is tiv e c o n s tr u a io n is r e q u ir e d th ro u g h o u t p ro v id e d su c h sy ste m is n o t o th e rw is e re q u ir e d th r o u g h o u t th e b u ild in g '• F o r sp e c ia l p ro v isio n s o n h ig h ly to x ic m a te n a ls . s e e th e F ir e C o d e . S ee T ab le 3-B . F o o tn o te 2 14S e e S e a to n 3 0 2 .5 fo r b e a tin g e q u ip m e n t r o o m o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n re q u ir e m ents ^ A G ro u p S . D iv isio n 2 . ro o f-fra m in g s y s te m m a y b e o f u n p ro te c te d c o n s tru c tio n S e e S e a i o n 3 11.2.3 4 21 A n ap p ro v e d sp ra y b o o th c o n s tr u a e d in a c c o r d a n c e w ith th e F ir e C o d e n e e d n o t be se p a ra te d fro m G ro u p B . F. H . M o r S O c c u p a n c ie s S e e S e a io n 3 02 I . E x c e p tio n 2.1 22S e e S e a i o n 6 0 1 .5 .2 f o r e x c e p tio n s 23N o fire -re sistiv e tim e p e rio d is re q u ir e d f o r a n e x t e n o r w a ll o f a o n e-sto ry b u ild in g p ro v id ed th e flo o r a re a d o e s n o t e x c e e d 1.0 0 0 s q u a r e fe e t (93 m 21 an d p ro v id ed su c h w a ll is lo c a te d n o t le s s th a n 5 fe e t ( 1 5 2 4 m m ) fro m a pro p e rty line. S e e S e c u o n 5 0 3 4 2 24E x te n o r b e a n n g a n d n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T y p e III a n d T y p e IV c o n s tr u a io n shall be c o n s tru a e d o f n o n c o m b u su b le m a te n a ls W h e n e x te n o r w a lls o f T y p e i l l and T y p e IV co n stru c tio n fro m o n p u b lic w a y s o r y a rd s h a v in g a w idth o f ai least 5 fe et ( 15 2 4 m m ), a p p ro v e d fire -re ta rd a n t- tr e a te d w o o d fra m in g m av be u sed w ith in th e a s s e m b ly W h e re fire -re ta rd a n t- tr e a ie d w o o d is u se d , th e r e q u ired fire resistan ce fo r th e ex te n o r w a lls s h a ll b e m a in ta in e d a n d th e ex p o se d o u te r a n d in n e r fa c e s o f s u c h w a lls s h a ll b e n o n c o m b u s u b le S ee S e a io n 503 4 3 W ood c o lu m n s a n d a rc h e s c o n f o rm in g to h e a v y - u m b e r s iz e s m ay b e u se d e x te rn a lly for w a lls lo ca te d 2 0 fe et (6 0 9 6 m m ) o r m o re fro m th e p roperty line S ee S e a io n 5 0 3 .4 4 23A fo u r-h o u r a re a se p a ra tio n w a ll ts r e q u ir e d b e tw e e n a liq u id sto ra g e w a re h o u se (G ro u p H . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y ) a n d a ll o th e r u se s S ee S e a i o n 30 7 1 5 94 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP S, DIVISION 5 OCCUPANCY G roup S. D ivision 5 O ccupancy. Aircraft hangars where work is lim ned to exchange of pans and maintenance requinng no open flame or welding and helistops. TYPE OF TYPE 1 . . . TYPE II TYPE ni TYPE IV TYPE V es^^euioT loer te NONCOMBUSTIBLE COMBUSTIBLE*! SUBJECT FR. F A 1-MR. H 144R. N H.T. 1-MR. N Area (SQ f t ) ’ u H I 39.900 (3707 m2) 18.000 (1672 m 2 > 12.000 i (1 1 1 5 m 2) 18.000 (1672 m2) 12.000 (1115 m2) 18.000 (1672 m 2) 14.000 (1301 m 2) 8.000 (743 m 2) Sa t Slones M 12 4 2 4 2 4 3 2 Height (ft-)2 T t 0 160 (48 768 mm) 65 (19 812 m m ) 55 (16 764 m m ) 65 (19 812 mm) 55 (16 764 mm) 65 (1 9 8 1 2 m m ) 50 (15 240 mm) 4 0 (12 192 m m ) Bearing wall 4 hr < 5 f t (1 5 2 4 m m | 2 hr 2 5 ft (1524 mm) 1 hr 1 hr < 2 0 f t 2’ (6096 mm) 4 hr < 5 ft (1524 mm) 2 hr 2 5 ft (1524 mm) 1 hr 1 h r < 20fT (6096 m m ) Exterior protection3 NonDeartng wan 4 hr < 5 ft (1S24 mm) 2 hr < 2 0 ft (6096 mm) 1 hr < 4 0 ft (12 1 9 2 mmi 1 hr < 40 ft (12 192 m m ) 1 hr < 2 0 f t 2’ (6096 mm) 4 hr < Sft (1524 mmi 2 hr < 20 ft (6096 mm) 1 hr < 40 ft (12192 mm) 1 hr 1 h r < 2 0 ft. (6096 m m ) Openmg4 Not permitted < 5 ft (1524 m m ) Not permitted < 5 ft (1524 mm) 3f4 m < 2 0 ft (6096 m m ) hr < 2 0 ft (6096 mm) Beanng watt 3 hr 2 hr 1 hr ■ » I h r N I h r ■ U-i No separation returned No separation required 0 C A-2. A-2.1. A-3 A-a Wall or floor 1 hr 1 hr B.E. F-1 P A N F-2. H-323 H*4. H-5. Opening 1 hr 1 hr 1 N C Y S E P A H-6. H»7, r M, R. S -t S-2 S-3 Percentage at opening No (imitation No limitation T E Wall or floor 2 hr 2 hr t R A H-2 Opening t v 2 hr iV j hr 0 R T 1 0 N* 1 Percentage of opening No limitation Nohmrtation P R o Wall or floor5 3 hr 3 hr T 24 A-1.1 Opening 3 hr 3 hr C T Percentage of opening* Not m ore tftan 25% Not more than 25% 1 f t Wail 4 hr 2 hr 4 hr 2 hr N Area separation waff* Opening 3 hr I 1'* nr 3 hr 1 !/ j hr Percentage ot Not more than 25% Not more than 25% ooem ngs” Shaft Wall 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr enclosure12 Openings 1 «r, hr 1 nr 1 hr Perm anent partitions’3 1 hr 1 hr H 1 hr | N 1 hr o r H T 1 hr N R oots25 2 hr 1 hr N 1 hr | N HT 1 hr N Roots 2 h r* 5 I 1 h r 15 1 h r 15 N I h r ’5 | N HT I h r 15 N Structural fram e14 3 hr j 2 hr 1 hr N 1 hr | N 1 hr or H T 1 hr N F R = F ir e re s is tiv e < = L e s s th a n H T = H e a v y u m b e r S e e S e c tio n 6 0 5 6 i = E q u a l lo o r g r e a te r th a n N = N o g e n e ra l re q u ire m e n t fo r fire re s is ta n c e (Footnotes continued on fo llo w in g page. I 95 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ‘A rea indicated is ih e b asic a llo w a b le a re a for b u ild in g s o n e story tn h e ig h t S ee Section 504 I S ee S ection 5 0 4 2 fo r a reas o f b u ild in g s o v e r o n e s to r y S ectio n 50 4 3 fo r th e a re a o f b u ild in g s w ith a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y S e c tio n 5 0 4 4 fo r th e a re a o f m e z z a n in e s a n d S e c tio n 5 0 5 fo r a llo w a b le a r e a in c re a s e s 2S ec S ection 2 0 9 fo r d e fin itio n o f b u ild in g h eig h t S ee S e a io n 5 0 6 fo r e x c e p tio n s ^R egardless o f ty p e o f c o n s tr u a io n o r fire -re s is tiv e re q u ir e m e n ts fo r e x te n o r w alls, c e rtain e le m e n ts o f w a its fro n tin g o n p u b lic w a y s o r y a r d s h a v in g a w idth o f at least 4 0 feet < 12 192 m m i m ay be c o n s tr u a e d o f c o m b u s tib le m ate • rials S ec S e a io n 6 0 1 5 4 4T h e sum o f the area o f su c h o p en in g s shall n o t e x c e e d 5 0 p e rc e n t o f th e to ta l area o f th e w all in e a c h story S e e S e c tio n 503 2 3A ll o penings tn flo o rs fo rm in g a th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n s h a ll b e p ro - te a e d by shaft, stairw ay, ra m p o r esc a la to r e n c lo su re s e x te n d in g a b o v e a n d b e low such o p e n in g s T h e w a lls o f su c h e n c lo su r e s s h a ll n o t b e o f le a s th a n tw o -h o u r fire -re sistiv e c o n s tr u a io n w ith a ll o p e n in g s th e re in p ro te c te d b y a fire assem bly hav in g a o n e - an d o n e -h a lf-h o u r fire -p ro te c u o n ra tin g S e e S e c tio n 302.3. Ite m 2 E X C E P T I O N : W h e n th e w a lls o f s u c h e n c lo s u r e e x te n d in g b e lo w the th re e -h o u r fire -re sistiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n to th e f o u n d a tio n a re p ro v id ed w ith a fire -re sisu v e rating o f not le ss th an th re e h o u rs w ith o p e n ings (h e rein p ro te c te d a s re q u ire d fo r w a lls fo r m in g th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n cy sep a ratio n s, th e e n c lo su re w a lls e x te n d in g a b o v e su c h flo o r u s e d a s the ih re e -h o u r fire -re s is u v e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n m a y h a v e a o n e - h o u r fire -re sistiv e ra tin g p ro v id e d 1 T h e o c c u p a n c y a b o v e is n o t re q u ire d to b e o f T y p e I o r T y p e II fire -re sisu v e c o n s tru c tio n , a n d 2 T h e e n c lo su re w a lls d o n o t e n c lo se a n e x it sta irw a y , a ra m p o r an e sc a la to r re q u ire d to h a v e e n c lo su r e w a lls o f n o t le ss th a n tw o -h o u r fire -re sistiv e c o n stru c tio n *T he total w id th o f all o p e n in g s tn a n y sto ry sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 2 5 p e rc e n t o f th e w a ll length in th at sto ry a n d n o s in g le o p e n in g sh a ll h a v e a n a r e a g re a te r th an 120 square fe et < 11 m 2 » S e e S e a io n 3 0 2 3 . Ite m 2 7A C roup H. D iv isio n I O c c u p a n c y ts n o t p e rm itte d m a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y b u ild ing S ee S e c u o n 307 2 .8 G ro u p H . D iv isio n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c e s c o n ta in in g q u an tities o f h az ard o u s m a te n a ls in e x c ess o f th o s e s e t fo rth tn T a b le 3 -G shall be located in a one-story b u ild in g u sed fo r n o o th e r p u rp o s e an d w h ic h is w ith out basem ents, craw l s p a c e s o r o th e r u n d e r-flo o r s p a c e s S e e S e a i o n 3 0 7 2 9 *T he fo llo w in g o c c u p a n c ie s n e e d n o t b e s e p a ra te d fro m th e u s e s to w h ic h th e y are accessory 1 A ssem b ly ro o m s h a v in g a flo o r a re a o f n o t o v e r 7 5 0 s q u a re fe e t <69 7 m 2 ) S e e S e a io n 302 1. E x c e p tio n 2 1 2 A d m in istra tiv e a n d clerical o ffic e s an d s im ila r ro o m s w h ic h in th e a g g re g ate d o n o t ex c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e flo o r a r e a o f th e m a jo r u s e w h e n not re la ted to C ro u p H . D iv isio n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s S e e S e a i o n 3 0 2 I. E x c e p tio n 2 2 3 C u sto m e r w a itin g ro o m s not e x c e e d in g 4 5 0 s q u a r e fe e t <41 8 m - ) w h e n not re la te d to C ro u p H O c c u p a n c ie s an d w h e n su c h w a itin g ro o m s h a v e an ex it d ire c tly to th e e x te n o r S e e S e a i o n 3 0 2 I. E x c e p tio n 2 .5 ’ H o n z o n u J a re a se p a ra tio n s a r e p e rm itte d o n ly b e tw e e n th e fo llo w in g o c c u p a n cy groups 1 A G ro u p S. D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y a n d e ith e r a G r o u p A . D iv is io n 3. G ro u p B . C ro u p M . o r a G ro u p R . D iv isio n I O c c u p a n c y 2 A G ro u p S . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y an d a G r o u p S . D iv is io n 4 o p e n p a r k ing g a ra g e c o m p ly in g w ith S e c tio n 3 1 1 9 S ee S e a io n 3 1 1 2 .2 fo r s p e a f i c re q u ire m e n ts a n d lim ita tio n s l0W h e re a re a se p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b e tw e e n p o rtio n s o f a b u ild in g h a v in g d if ferent ty p e s o f c o n s tru c tio n , th e m o st r e s tn a i v e re q u ir e m e n ts s h a ll g o v e rn S ee S e a io n 601 W hen an area sep a ratio n w all also sep a rate s o c c u p a n c ie s that are re q u ire d to be separated by a n o cc u p an c y se p a ra tio n , th e m o s t r e s tn a i v e re q u ir e m e n ts o f each se p a ra tio n sh all ap p ly S ee S e a i o n 5 0 4 6 I “ T h e total w id th o f all o p e n in g s in any story sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 2 5 p e rce n t o f th e w all len g th in th a t sto ry S e e S e a i o n 5 0 4 6 2 l2S ee S e a to n s 7 1 ) I a n d 7 11 .2 fo r e x c e p tio n s In b u ild in g s eq u ip p e d w ith an a u to m a tic s p n n k le r s y s te m th ro u g h o u t, e s c a lators need n o t b e en c lo se d w h en d ra ft cu rta in s a n d fire s p rin k le rs a re in sta lle d p e r S e a io n 3 1 1 6 S ee S e c tio n s 1005 3 3 2 a n d 1 005 3 3 5 fo r e x it e n c lo s u r e re q u ir e m e n ts l3 In T ype I a n d T y p e II c o n s tru c tio n , fire -re ta rd a n t- tr e a te d w o o d a s d e f in e d in S ection 207 m ay b e u sed in th e a sse m b ly p ro v id e d fire -re s ts ta n c e re q u ir e m ents are m a in ta in e d T h e u s e o f fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is n o t p e rm itte d in partitio n s w h ic h a re a p a rt o f a sh aft e n c lo s u r e S e e S e c tio n s 6 0 2 I a n d 6 03 I u S tn ic tu ra l fra m e e le m e n ts in an e x te n o r w a ll that is located w h ere openings arc not p e r m m e d o r w h e re p ro te c tio n o f o p e n in g s is re q u ire d sh a ll be p ro te c te d a g a in st e x te rn a l fire e x p o s u r e a s r e q u ir e d fo r e x te n o r b e a n n g w a lls o r th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e , w h ic h e v e r is g r e a te r S e e T a b le 6 -A . F o o tn o te I 13 R o o fs a n d th e ir m e m b e rs, o th e r th a n th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e , m ay be o f u n p ro - t e a e d n o n c o m b u s u b le m a te r ia ls w h e n e v e ry p a rt o f th e r o o f fram ing, in c lu d ing th e s tr u a u r a l fram e, is 25 feet (7 6 2 0 m m ) o r m o re a b o v e th e floor, balcony o r g a lle ry im m e d ia te ly b e lo w H e a v y -tim b e r m e m b e rs in a c c o rd a n c e w ith S e a io n 6 0 5 m a y b e u s e d fo r su c h u n p ro te c te d m e m b e rs in o n e-sto ry b u ild ings 16S e e S e a i o n 5 0 8 f o r p e rm itte d s u b s titu tio n o f a n a u to m a tic s p n n k le r sy ste m w h e re o n e - h o u r fire -re s is tiv e c o n s t r u a i o n ts re q u ire d th ro u g h o u t p ro v id e d su ch s y s te m is n o t o th e rw is e re q u ir e d th ro u g h o u t th e b u ild in g ,7 A G ro u p S . D iv is io n 3 O c c u p a n c y u s e d e x c lu siv e ly fo r th e park in g o r sto ra g e o f p n v a te o r p le a su re -ty p e m o to r v e h ic le s n e e d n o t b e se p a ra te d from a G ro u p S. D iv isio n 4 O c c u p a n c y o p e n p a r k in g g a ra g e as d efin e d in S ecu o n 3 1 1 9 S ee S e a io n 3 0 2 .1 . E x c e p tio n 4 ‘*A tw o -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n is p e r m itte d w h e n th e G r o u p S. D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y is u s e d e x c lu s iv e ly f o r th e p a r k in g o r s to ra g e o f p n v a te o r p le a su re -ty p e m o to r v e h ic le s p ro v id e d n o r e p a ir o r fu e lin g is d o n e S ee S e c tio n 3 02 4 . E x c e p tio n I ‘’ U n le ss re q u ir e d b y S e a i o n 3 1 1.2 .2 . a iw o - h o u r o c c u p a n c y sep a ratio n is p e r m itte d w h e n th e G ro u p S . D iv is io n 3 O c c u p a n c y ts u se d ex c lu siv e ly fo r th e p a rk in g o r s to ra g e o f p n v a te o r p le a s u r e -ty p e m o to r v e h ic le s pro v id ed n o re p a ir o r fu e lin g is d o n e. S u c h o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n m ay b e re d u c e d to on e h o u r w h e n th e area o f th e G r o u p S . D iv is io n 3 O c c u p a n c y d o e s n o t ex c ee d 3 .0 0 0 sq u a re fe e t ( 2 7 9 m 2 ). S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 .4 . E x c e p tio n 2 20A th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n is p e rm itte d w h e n th e G ro u p S. D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y is u s e d e x c lu s iv e ly f o r th e p a rk in g o r s to ra g e o f p n v a te o r p lea - su re -ty p e m o to r v e h ic le s p ro v id e d n o r e p a ir o r fu e lin g is d o n e S ee S e a io n 3 02 4 . E x c e p tio n 1 21A o n e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n n e e d n o t b e p ro v id e d b e tw e e n fu e i-d isp e n s- e rs c o v e re d w ith a c a n o p y th a t is o p e n on th re e o r m o re s id e s , an d a Croup M O c c u p a n c y re ta il sto re h a v in g a n a r e a o f le ss th a n 2 .5 0 0 s q u a r e feet (2 3 2 m 2 ) w h e n th e fo llo w in g c o n d itio n s e x is t 1 T h e G r o u p M O c c u p a n c y is p ro v id e d w ith tw o e x its o r ex it-access d o o r w a y s s e p a ra te d as re q u ir e d b y S e c tio n 10 0 4 .2 4 a n d n o t located in the s a m e e x te n o r w a ll. 2 F u e l-d is p e n s tn g is la n d s a r e n o t lo c a te d w ith in 2 0 fe e t <6096 m m ) o f th e G ro u p M O c c u p a n c y re ta il s to r e S e e S e c u o n 3 1 1.2 .3 .2 ^ M a n n e o r m o to r v e h ic le fu e l- d isp e n s in g sta tio n s, in c lu d in g can o p ies an d sup p o rts o v e r fu e l d is p e n s e r s , s h a ll b e o f n o o c o m b u s u b ie . fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d o r o n e - h o u r fire -re s is u v e c o n s tru c tio n . R o o fs o f o n e -sto ry fu e l-d isp e n s ing s u n o n s m a y b e o f h e a v y -a m b e r c o n s tru c tio n , a n d c a n o p ie s co n fo rm in g to S e a io n 2 6 0 3 13 m a y b e e r e c te d o v e r p u m p s . S e e S e a i o n 311 2.3.2 u N o fire -re s is tiv e a m e p e n o d is re q u ir e d fo r a n e x te n o r w a ll o f a o n e-sto ry b u ild in g p ro v id e d th e flo o r a re a d o e s n o t ex c e e d 1.000 sq u a re feet (93 m 2 ) and p ro v id e d su c h w a ll is lo c a te d n o t le s s th a n 5 fe e t (1 5 2 4 m m ) from a p ro p e rty lin e. S e e S e c tio n 5 0 3 4 .2 24E x te n o r b e a n n g a n d n o n b e a rm g w a lls o f T y p e 111 an d T y p e IV c o n s tru a io n sh a ll be c o n s tr u a e d o f n o n c o m b u s u b le m a te n a ls. W h e n e x te n o r w alls o f T y p e III an d T y p e IV c o n s tr u a io n fro n t o n p u b lic w a y s o r y ard s having a w id th o f at least 5 fe e t ( 15 2 4 m m ), a p p r o v e d fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d fram ing m ay be u se d w ith in th e a s s e m b ly W h e re fire -re ta rd a n t- tr e a te d w o o d is used, th e r e q u ire d fire re sista n c e for th e e x te n o r w a lls sh all b e m ain tain ed and th e ex p o sed o u te r a n d in n e r fa c e s o f s u c h w a lls sh a ll b e n o n c o m b u s u b le S ee S e a io n 5 0 3 .4 .3 W o o d c o lu m n s a n d a r c h e s c o n f o r m in g to h e a v y -tim b e r siz e s m ay b e u sed e x te rn a lly fo r w a lls lo ca te d 2 0 fe et (6 0 9 6 m m ) o r m o re fro m th e property line S ee S e a i o n 5 0 3 4 4 fo u r-h o u r a r e a s e p a ra tio n w a ll is r e q u ir e d b e tw e e n a liq u id storage w a r e h o u s e (G ro u p H . D iv is io n 3 O c c u p a n c y ) a n d a ll o th e r u se s S ee S e a io n 3 0 7 .1 .5 26F o r sp e c ia l p ro v isio n s o n h ig h ly to x ic m a te ria ls , se e th e F ir e C o d e S e e T a b le 3 -B . F o o tn o te 2 27ln a re a s w h e re m o to r v e h ic le s are s to r e d a n d in m o to r v e h ic le fu e l-d isp e n sin g sta tio n s a n d re p a ir g a ra g e s, flo o r s u rf a c e s sh a ll b e n o n c o m b u su b le . n o n a b so r b e n t m a te ria ls F lo o rs m a y b e s u rf a c e d o r w a te rp ro o fe d w ith asp h a lu c p av in g m a te n a ls in a r e a s w h e re m o to r v e h ic le s are sto re d o r o p e ra te d . S ee S e a io n 3 1 1 .2 3 1 2 lS e e S e a io n 3 0 2 .5 fo r h e a tin g e q u ip m e n t ro o m o c c u p a n c y sep a ratio n re q u ire m en ts 96 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GROUP U, DIVISION 1 OCCUPANCY Group U, Division 1 Occupancy Pnvate garages, carports, sheds and agnculturai buildings OF CO M IU SnBLE SUBJECT 1000 (93 m2) Sue Stones 40 (1 2 1 9 2 mm) Beanng wan 1 hr < 3 ft (915 mm) Extenor protection2 1 hr < 3 ft (915 mm) Ope rung Not permittee < 3 f t (915 mm) No separation required Wall or floor Al except n-6 H-7 fl-3. S*2. S-5 Opening Percentage of opening No li nutation 2 hr Area separation wait* ,Q Opening Percentage of openings Not more than 25* Perm anent partitions Floors’ ’ Roofs Structural frame N = N o g e n e ra l re q u ire m e n t fo r fire re sista n c e < = L e ss th a n (Footnotes continued on fo llo w in g page ) Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1 A re a in d ic a te d is th e b asic a llo w a b le a r e a fo r b u ild in g s o n e sto ry in h e ig h t See S ectio n 5 04 1 S e e S ectio n 5 04 2 fo r a re a s o f b u ild in g s o v e r o n e sto ry . S ection 504 3 fo r th e a re a o f b u ild in g s w ith a m ix e d o c c u p a n c y . S e c tio n 5 0 4 4 fo r the a re a o f m e z z a n in e s a n d S e c tio n 5 0 5 fo r a llo w a b le a r e a in c re a s e s - S e e S e c tio n 2 0 9 fo r d e f in itio n o f b u ild in g h e ig h t S e e S e a io n 5 0 6 fo r e x c e p tio n s T h e h eig h t o f o n e-sto ry airc ra ft h a n g a rs a n d b u ild in g s u se d fo r m a n u fa c tu r ing o f a irc ra ft sh a ll n o t b e lim ite d i f th e b u ild in g is p r o v id e d w ith a u to m a tic s p n n k le r s y s te m s th ro u g h o u t, a s s p e c if ie d tn C h a p te r 9 . a n d is e n tire ly su r ro u n d e d by p u b lic w av s o r y ard s n o t le ss in w id th th an o n e - an d o n e -h a lf tim es th e b u ild in g h e ig h t S e e S e a i o n 5 0 6 . E x c e p tio n 2 ^ R e g a rd le ss o f ty p e o f c o n s tr u a io n o r fire -re s is tiv e r e q u ir e m e n ts fo r e x te n o r w a lls, c e rta in e le m e n ts o f w a lls fro n tin g o n p u b lic w a y s o r y a rd s h a v in g a w id th o f at least 4 0 feet (12 192 m m ) m a y b e c o n s tr u a e d o f c o m b u s tib le m ate n a ls S e e S e a i o n 601 5 4 4T h e su m o f th e area o f su ch o p e n in g s sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 5 0 perc e n t o f th e total area o f th e w a ll in e a c h sto ry S e e S e c tio n 5 0 3 2 5 A ll o p e n in g s in flo o rs fo rm in g a th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n s h a ll b e pro tec te d by shaft, stairw ay, ra m p o r e s c a la to r e n c lo su re s e x te n d in g a b o v e an d b e low s u c h o p e n in g s T h e w a lls o f s u c h e n c lo s u r e s s h a ll n o t b e o f le ss than tw o -h o u r fire -re s is u v e c o n s tr u a io n w ith a ll o p e n in g s th e re in p r o t e a c d by a fire a sse m b ly h a v in g a o n e - a n d o n e - h a lf-h o u r fire-proiecuon ra tin g S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 3 . Ite m 2 E X C E P T I O N : W h e n th e w a lls o f su c h e n c lo s u r e e x te n d in g below- th e th re e -h o u r fire -re s is u v e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n to th e fo u n d a tio n are p ro v id e d w ith a fire -re sisu v e ra tin g o f n o t le s s th an th re e h o u rs w ith o p en in g s th e re in p ro te c te d a s re q u ir e d fo r w a lls fo r m in g th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n s, th e e n c lo su re w a lls e x te n d in g a b o v e s u c h flo o r u se d as the th re e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n m ay h a v e a o n e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e ra tin g p ro v id e d 1 T h e o c c u p a n c y a b o v e is n o t re q u ir e d to b e o f T y p e I o r T y p e II O re -re sistiv e c o n s tru c tio n , a n d 2 T h e e n c lo su re w a lls d c n o t e n c lo s e a n e x it sta irw a y , a ra m p o r an e s c a la to r re q u ire d to h a v e e n c lo s u r e w a lls o f n o t le s s th a n tw o -h o u r O re -re sistiv e c o n s tr u a io n ^ T h e to ta l w id th o f a ll o p e n in g s in a n y sto ry sh a ll n o t e x c e e d 2 5 p e r c e n t o f the w a ll len g th in th a t story a n d n o s in g le o p e m n g s h a ll h a v e a n a r e a g re a te r than 120 s q u a re fe e t ( 11 m -> S e e S e a i o n 3 0 2 3 . I te m 2 7A G ro u p H . D iv isio n I O c c u p a n c y is n o t p e rm itte d in a m ix ed o c c u p a n c y b u ild ing S e e S e c tio n 3 0 7 2 8 G ro u p H . D iv is io n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s co n ta in in g q u a n titie s o f h az ard o u s m a te n a ls in e x c e ss o f th o s e se t fo rth in T a b le 3 -G shall be lo ca te d in a o n e-sto ry b u ild in g u s e d fo r n o o th e r p u rp o se an d w h ic h ts w ith out b a se m e n ts, craw l s p a c e s o r o th e r u n d e r-flo o r sp a c e s S e e S e a i o n 3 0 7 2 9 ftT h e fo llo w in g o c c u p a n c ie s n e e d n o t b e s e p a ra te d fro m th e u s e s to w h ic h they arc a c c e sso ry 1 A sse m b ly ro o m s h a v in g a f lo o r a r e a o f n o t o v e r 7 5 0 s q u a re fe e t (6 9 7 n rr ) S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 1. E x c e p tio n 2 I 2. A d m in istr a tiv e an d c ic n c a i o ff ic e s a n d s im ila r ro o m s w h ic h m th e ag g re g a te d o not ex c ee d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e flo o r a r e a o f th e m a jo r u se w h e n not re la te d to G ro u p H . D iv is io n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n c ie s S e e S e a i o n 3 0 2 I. E x c e p tio n 2 2 * W h e n a n a re a se p a ra tio n w a ll also se p a ra te s o c c u p a n c ie s th a t a re re q u ire d to be se p a ra te d by a n o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n , th e m o s t r e s tn a i v e re q u ire m e n ts o f ea c h se p a ra tio n sh a ll a p p ly S e e S e a i o n 5 0 4 6 . Ite m I 10W h e re a r e a s e p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b e tw e e n p o rtio n s o f a b u ild in g hav tn g dit fe re n t ty p e s o f c o n s t r u a i o n . th e m o s t re s tr ic tiv e re q u ire m e n ts sh a ll g o v e rn S e e S e a i o n 601 11 T h e to ta l w id th o f a ll o p e n in g s tn a n y sto ry s h a ll n o t ex c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e w a ll le n g th in th a t s to r y S e e S e a i o n 5 0 4 6 .2 t2 S e e S e c tio n s 7 1 ! I a n d 7 U . 2 fo r e x c e p tio n s In b u ild in g s e q u ip p e d w ith an a u to m a tic s p n n k le r sy stem th ro u g h o u t e s c a la to rs n e e d n o t b e e n c lo se d w h e n d ra ft c u rta in s a n d fire sp rin k le rs a re in sta lle d p e r S e c u o n 3 l l 6 S e e S e c tio n s 1 0 0 5 3 3 2 a n d 1005 3 3 .5 f o r e x it e n c lo su re re q u ire m e n ts l3 ln T y p e I a n d T y p e II c o n s t r u a i o n . fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d a s d e f in e d tn S e a i o n 2 0 7 m a y b e u s e d in th e a s s e m b ly p ro v id e d fire -re s is ta n c e r e q u ir e m e n ts a r e m a in ta in e d . T h e u s e o f fu c -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is n o t p e rm itte d in p a r titio n s w h ic h a r e a p a n o f a s h a f t e n c lo su r e S ee S e c tio n s 6 0 2 1 a n d 6 0 3 I ,4 S tr u a u r a l fra m e e le m e n ts in a n e x te n o r w all th a t is located w here o p e n in g s are n o t p e r m itte d o r w h e r e p r o te c tto n o f openings is re q u ire d sh a ll b e p ro te c te d a g a in st e x te rn a l f u e e x p o s u r e a s re q u ir e d f o r e x te n o r b e a n n g w a lls o r th e s t r u a u r a l fra m e , w h ic h e v e r is g re a te r. S e e T a b le 6 -A . F o o tn o te I 13R o o fs a n d th e ir m e m b e r s , o th e r th a n th e s tr u a u r a l fram e, m ay b e o f u n p ro te c te d n o n c o m b u s u b le m a te r ia ls w h e n e v e ry p a n o f th e r o o f fra m in g , in c lu d in g th e s tr u a u r a l fra m e , is 2 5 fe et (7 6 2 0 m m ) o r m o re a b o v e th e floor, balco n y o r g a lle r y im m e d ia te ly b e lo w H e a v y -tu n b e r m em b ers in a c c o rd a n c e w ith S e a i o n 6 0 S 6 m a y b e u s e d f o r su c h u n p ro te c te d m e m b e rs tn o n e -sto ry b u ild in g s ,6 S c e S e c tio n 5 0 8 f o r p e r m itte d s u b s titu tio n o f a n a u to m a tic s p n n k le r s y s te m w h e re o n e - h o u r fir e - r e s is tiv e c o n s tr u a io n is re q u ire d th ro u g h o u t p ro v id e d su c h s y s te m is n o t o th e r w ts e re q u ir e d th ro u g h o u t th e b u ild in g l7F o r s p e c ia l p ro v is io n s o n h ig h ly to x ic m a te n a ls . s e e th e F u e C o d e S e e T a b ic 3 -B . F o o tn o te 2 11 N o t u s e d 19A n a p p r o v e d s p ra y b o o th c o n s t r u a e d in a c c o rd a n c e w ith th e F ire C o d e n e e d n o t b e se p a ra te d fro m G r o u p s B . F . H . M o r S O ccu p an c ies S ee S e c tio n 302 : E x c e p tio n t * °ln a r e a s w h e re a irc ra ft a r e s to r e d , flo o r s u rf a c e s shall b e o f n o n c o m b u s u b le m a te n a ls R o o ts m a y b e s u rfa c e d o r w a te rp ro o fe d w ith a sp h a lu c pav in g m ate - n a ls in a re a s w h e r e a ir p la n e s a r e s to re d o r o p e ra te d 21 N o fire -re s is tiv e a m e p e n o d is re q u ir e d f o r a n e x te n o r w a ll o f a o n e -sto ry b u ild in g p ro v id e d th e flo o r a r e a d o e s n o t e x c e e d 1.000 sq u are feet (9 3 m - ) an d p ro v id e d s u c h w a ll is lo c a te d n o t le s s th a n 5 fe e t (1 5 2 4 m m ) fro m a p ro p e rty lin e ^ ^ E x te n o r b e a rin g a n d n o n b e a n n g w a lls o f T y p e III an d T y p e IV c o n s tr u a io n sh a ll b e c o n s tr u a e d o f n o n c o m b u s u b le m a te n a ls W hen e x te n o r w a lls o f Tv pe III an d T y p e IV c o n s tru c tio n fro n t o n p u b lic w a y s o r yards hav in g a w id th o f at le a st 5 fe e t (1 5 2 4 m m ) , a p p r o v e d fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d framing m ay h e u se d w ith in th e a s s e m b ly W h e r e fire -re ta rd a n t-tre a te d w o o d is u s e d , th e r e q u ire d fire re sista n c e fo r th e e x te n o r w a lls sh a ll b e m ain tain ed an d th e e x p o se d o u te r a n d in n e r fa c e s o f s u c h w a lls sh a ll b e n o n c o m b u s u b le S e c S e a i o n 5 0 3 .4 3 W o o d c o lu m n s a n d a r c h e s c o n f o rm in g to h e a v y -u m b e r s iz e s m ay b e u sed e x te rn a lly fo r w a lls lo c a te d 2 0 fe et (6 0 9 6 m m > or m o re from the property line S e e S e a i o n 503 4 4 25 A fo u r -h o u r a r e a s e p a r a tio n w a ll is re q u ir e d b e tw e e n a liq u id s to ra g e w a r e h o u s e (G ro u p H . D iv is io n 3 O c c u p a n c y ) a n d a ll o th e r u s e s S e e S e a i o n 307 1.5 24S c c S e a i o n 3 0 2 5 f o r h e a tin g e q u ip m e n t ro o m o cc u p an c y s e p a ra tio n r e q u ir e m e n ts 98 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 'T h e flo o r a re a in d ic a te d ts th e m a x im u m p e r m itte d f o r a C ro u p L . D iv is io n I O c c u p a n c y ex c ep t as p e rm itte d by S ectio n 312 2 1 w h e n th e flo o r a re a m a y be in c re a se d to 3.000 sq u a re feet (2 7 9 m -> N o o th e r in c re a se s are p erm itted . S ee S e c tio n 312.2.1 ^ F o r G ro u p U O c cu p an c ies n o t e x c e e d in g 1.000 s q u a re feet (9 3 m * i in flo o r area, e x te n o r w alls that are re q u ired to b e o f o n e-h o u r fire -re sistiv e co n stru c tio n d u e t o lo c a tio n o n p ro p e rty m a y b e p ro te c te d on th e e x te n o r fa c e w ith m a te n a ls a p p ro v e d fo r o n e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e c o n s tr u a io n S e e S e a i o n 5 0 3 4 8 S e c S e a i o n 3 1 2 .2 .2 fo r e x te n o r p ro te c tio n o f G ro u p U O c c u p a n c ie s e x c e e d in g 1 .0 0 0 s q u a re T ea (9 3 in flo o r a re a * T h e re sh a ll b e no o p e n in g fro m a p n v a te g a ra g e in to a ro o m u s e d fo r s le e p in g p u rp o s e s . S e e S e c tio n 3 12 .4 4A ll o p e n in g s in flo o rs fo rm in g a th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n sh a ll b e p ro - t e a e d b y v ertic al e n c lo su r e s e x te n d in g a b o v e a n d b e lo w s u c h o p e n in g s T h e w a lls o f su c h v ertic al e n c lo s u r e s s h a ll not b e o f le ss th a n tw o -h o u r firr -re s is - u v e co n stru c tio n w ith a ll o p e n in g s th ere in p r o te a e d by a fire assem b ly h a v in g a o n e - a n d o n e -h a lf-h o u r f lr c - p r o te a io n ra tin g S e e S e a i o n 3 0 2 .3 . Ite m 2 E X C E P T I O N : W h e n th e w a lls o f s u c h v e rtic a l e n c lo su re e x te n d in g b elo w th e th re e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y se p a ra tio n to th e f o u n d a tio n a r e p ro v id e d w ith a fire -re s is tiv e ra tin g o f n o t less th a n th re e h o u rs w ith o p e n in g s th e re in p r o t e a e d a s re q u ire d fo r w a lls fo rm in g th re e -h o u r o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n s , th e e n c lo su r e w a lls e x te n d in g a b o v e s u c h flo o r u se d a s th e th re e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n m ay h a v e a o n e -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e ra tin g p ro v id e d I T h e o c c u p a n c y a b o v e is n o t re q u ir e d to b e o f T y p e I o r T y p e II fire -re sistiv e c o n s tr u a io n . a n d 2 T h e e n c lo s u r e w a lls d o n o t e n c lo se an exit stairw a y , a ra m p o r an e s c a la to r r e q u ir e d to h a v e e n c lo su re w a lls o f n o t less th a n tw o -h o u r fire -re s is tiv e c o n s t r u a i o n sT h e to ta l w id th o f a ll o p e n in g s in an y sto ry sh all not e x c e e d 25 p e rc e n t o f th e w a ll le n g th in th a t s to ry a n d n o sin g le o p e n in g shall h av e an a r e a g re a te r th a n 1 20 s q u a re fe e t 111 n r ) . S e e S e c tio n 3 0 2 .3 . Item 2 ftT h e o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n b e tw e e n G ro u p R . D ivision 3 an d G ro u p U . D iv isio n 1 O c c u p a n c ie s m a y b e a s p e r m itte d b y S e a io n 30 2 4 . E x c e p tio n 3 7 A c a rp o rt e n tire ly o p e n o n tw o o r m o re sid e s a n d having n o en c lo se d u ses abov e n e e d n o t b e s e p a ra te d fr o m a G r o u p R . D iv isio n 3 O c c u p a n c y S ee S e a i o n 3 0 2 .1. E x c e p tio n 3 * A G ro u p H . D iv isio n I O c c u p a n c y is n o t perm itted in a m ixed occ u p an c y b u ild in g G ro u p H . D iv is io n s 2 a n d 3 O c c u p a n a e s co n ta in in g q u an tities o f h a z a rd o u s m a te n a ls in e x c e s s o f th o s e se t fo rth in T ab le 3 -G sh a ll b e lo c a te d in a o n e - s to r y b u ild in g u s e d fo r n o o th e r p u rp o s e an d w h ich is w ith o u t b a se m e n ts, c ra w l s p a c e s o r o t h e r u n d e r - f lo o r s p a c e s S e e S e a io n 3 07 2 10 * W h e n a n a re a s e p a ra tio n w a ll a ls o se p a ra te s o cc u p an c ie s that a re re q u ire d to be s e p a ra te d by a n o c c u p a n c y s e p a ra tio n , th e m o st r e s tn a iv e re q u ire m e n ts o f e a c h s e p a ra tio n s h a ll a p p ly . See S e c tio n 5 0 4 6 I ,0 W h e re a re a s e p a ra tio n w a lls o c c u r b etw ee n p o n to n s o f a b u ild in g h a v in g d if fe re n t ty p e s o f c o n s t r u a i o n . th e m o st re stric tiv e re q u ire m e n ts sh all g o v e rn S e e S e a i o n 6 0 1 . 11 In a re a s w h e re m o to r v e h ic le s a r e sto re d o r o p e ra te d , flo o r su rfa c e s sh a ll b e o f n o n c o m b u s tib le m a te n a ls o r a s p h a ltic p a v in g m a te n a ls S e e S e a i o n 3 1 2 5 '- S e c S e a i o n 2 0 9 f o r d e f in itio n o f b u ild in g h eig h t 13D u e io th e lim ite d a r e a a llo w e d fo r a G ro u p U . D ivision I O ccu p an c y , o n ly re q u ire m e n ts fo r T y p e V -N c o n s tr u a io n h a v e b ee n listed 99 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CodeMaster 5 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LOCATION ON PROPERTY The Uniform Building Code is based on the premise that a building owner has no control over what occurs on adjacent property. Therefore the location of buildings on a property must be regulated in relation to the property lines. Property lines provide a simple way to protect one building from another, by limiting exposure. Exposure is the potential for heat to be transmitted from one building to another, underfire conditions, primarily by radiation. The requirement that every building have access to a public way is included to allow the fire department access to the property to fight a potential fire. Limiting a building’s exposure to nearby hazards has life-safety, property protection and public welfare benefits. (1) From the plot plan determine the location of the building on the site, as well as clearances to the property lines and other buildings. For the purpose of this section [location on property], the center line of an adjoining public way shall be considered an adjacent property line. (See also Section 1203.4) Distance shall be measured at right angles from the property line. The above provisions [of exterior wall and opening protective requirements] shall not apply to walls at right angles to the property line. (2) To determine the required exterior wall and opening protection, use the ICBO/Sheedy Tables for the applicable occupancy group and division. Read down the table beneath the type of construction, noting requirements and references. Table 5-A contains the requirements for exterior wall and opening protection. See Section 503 for special provisions and exceptions to Table 5-A. Sec. 503.1 Sec. 503.2.1 ICBO/Sheedy tables Table 5-A Sec. 503 Record data and turn page to Allowable Floor Area. 1 0 1 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ALLOWABLE FLOOR AREA The UBC limits the size of buildings in order to limit the potential size of a fire that may develop. The purpose of such a hmition is in the interest of both life safety and property protection. Chapter 5, Building Limitations, includes provisions for all buildings, including requirements for tire resistance of exterior walls and opening protection (fire-rated doors and windows). Allowable floor areas are established with increases permitted for complying open spaces, which exceed minimum sizes, and inclusion of automatic sprinkler systems. Area separation walls can often be used to divide a large-area building into more than one smaller-sized buildings, where each portion of the building so separated may be considered a separate building. Each building must then comply with code requirements, access to public ways, etc. (D Determine the basic allowable floor area, of a one story building, by using the appropriate ICBO/Sheedy Table, based on occupancy classification and type of construction. Table 5-B can also provide the allowable floor area. ICBO/Sheedy Tables Table 5-B Sec. 504 ( 2 ) See Section 505 for allowable area increases based on greater than minimum yard sizes and/or installation of an approved automatic fire sprinkler system. (3) Areas of buildings buildings over one story in height: The total combined floor area for multistory buildings may be twice that permitted by Table 5-B See. 504.2 for one-story buildings, and the floor area of any single story shall not exceed that permitted for a one-story building. (4) To determine the allowable floor area of mixed occupancies: When a building houses more than one occupancy, the area of the building shall be such that — j- n , » the sum of the ratios of the actual area for each separate occupancy divided by the total oec. D U 4.Z allowable area for each separate occupancy shall not exceed one. See Section 504.3 for exceptions to requirements for structures with gec 5 0 4 3 more than one occupancy or use. (5) The allowable floor area can be increased by using area Sec. 504.6 separation walls, as stated in Section 504.6: Each portion of a building separated by one or more area separation walls that comply with the provisions of this section may be considered a separate building. The extent and location of such area separation walls shall provide a complete separation. Record data and turn page to Height and Number of Stories. 102 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. HEIGHT AND NUMBER OF STORIES The UBC limits the maximum size of most buildings in order to control a potential fire. The maximum height is limited for similar reasons. In addition, the higher a building becomes the more difficult is access for the fire department. Because the time needed for evacuation increases with height, the requirements for fire resistance are increased. The code presumes that when the height of the highest floor used for human occupancy (residential or office building) exceeds 75 feet, the risk to life-safety increases significantly because most fire departments are not able to successfully fight a fire above this height from the exterior. Consequently, the code prescribes special requirements for high-rise buildings in Section 403. (1) Compute the height of the building. The 1997 UBC defines height of building as follows: Height of Building is the vertical distance above a reference datum measured to the highest point of the coping of a flat roof or to the deck line of a mansard roof or to the average height of the highest gable of a pitched or hipped roof. The reference datum shall be selected by either of the following, whichever yields a greater height of building: 1. The elevation of the highest adjoining sidewalk or ground surface within a 5-foot (1524 mm) horizontal distance of the exterior wall of the building when such sidewalk or ground surface is not more than 10 feet (3048 mm) above lowest grade. 2. An elevation 10 feet (3048 mm) higher than the lowest grade when the sidewalk or ground surface described in Item 1 is more than 10 feet (3048 mm) above lowest grade. The height of a stepped or terraced building is the maximum height of any segment of the building. (2) Determine the number of stories in the building. The code defines story and grade as follow: Story is that portion of a building included between the upper surface of any floor and the upper surface of the floor next above, except that the topmost story shall be that portion of a building included between the upper surface of the topmost floor and the ceiling or roof above. If the finished floor level directly above a usable or unused under-floor space is more than 6 feet (1829 mm) above grade, as defined herein, for more than 50 percent of the total perimeter or is more than 12 feet (3658 mm) above grade, as defined herein, at any point, such usable or unused under-floor space shall be considered a story. Grecfe (Adjacent Ground Elevation) is the lowest point of elevation of the finished surface of the ground, paving or sidewalk within the area between the building and the property line or, when the property line is more than 5 feet (1524 mm) from the building, between the building and a line 5 feet (1524 mm) from the building. (3) Determine the maximum height and number of stories permitted based on occupancy group and type of construction, by using the ICBO/Sheedy Tables, or Table 5-B. Maximum Height of Buildings and Increases. The maximum height and number of stories of buildings shall be dependent on the character of the occupancy and the type of construction and shall not exceed the limits set forth in Table 5-B, except as provided in this section and as specified in Section 302.1 for mixed occupancy buildings. Exceptions: See Section 506. The story limits set forth in Table 5-B may be increased by one story if the building is provided with an approved automatic sprinkler system throughout. The increase in the number of stories for automatic sprinkler systems shall not apply when the automatic sprinkler systems throughout are installed under the following provisions: 1. Section 904.2.6 for Group H, Divisions 1,2.3,6 and 7 Occupancies. 2. Section 505 for an increase in allowable area. 3. Substitution for one-hour fire resistive construction pursuant to Section 508. 4 Section 402, Atria. 5. Section 904.2.7 for Group I, Divisions 1.1 and 1.2 Occupancies used as hospitals, nursing homes or health-care centers in Type II One-hour, Type III One-hour, Type IV or Type V One-hour construction. See Chapters 3 and 4 for special occupancy provisions. Record data and proceed to CodeMaster 6. 103 Section 209 Section 220 Section 208 ICBO/Sheedy Tables Table 5-B Section 506 Section 506 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CodeMaster 6 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. EGRESS AND EXITS Chapter 10. ‘Means of Egress", of the 1997 UBC establishes safe exiting criteria for ail occupancies, by regulating occupant load and the number of exits, as well as their location, width and arrangement. This is the single most important life-safety chapter in the code. The exits must be usable by all occupants and reached within a specified maximum distance. The means of egress system contains three elements: the exit access, the exit and the exit discharge. d ) Determine the occupant load by referring to Table 10-A. actual floor area + occupant load factor * occupant load Areas to be included. In determining the occupant load, all portions of a building shall be presumed to be occupied at the same time. Exception: Accessory use areas that ordinarily are used only by persons who occupy the main areas of occupancy shall be provided with means of egress as though they are completely occupied, but their occupant load need not be included when computing the total occupant load of the building. The occupant load for buildings or areas containing two or more uses or occupancies shall be determined by adding the occupant loads of the various use areas as computed in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 1003.2.2.2. Where an individual area has more than one proposed use, the occupant load for such area shall be determined based on that use that yields the largest occupant load. (2) Determine the required width of the means of egress system, which is based on the occupant load served. Minimum width. The width, in inches (mm), of any component in the means of egress system shall not be less than the product determined by multiplying the totla occupant load served by such component by the applicable factor set forth in Table 1CFB, reproduced below. In no case shall the width of an individual means of egress component be less than the minimum required for such component as specified elsewhere in this chapter [Chapter 10]. Where more than one exit or exit-access doorway serves a building or portion thereof, such calculated width may be divided approximately equally among the means of egress components serving as exits or exit-access doorways for that area. Section 1003 Table 10-A Sec. 1003.2.2.2.1 Sec. 1003.2.2.2.2 Sec. 1003.2.2.2.2 Sec. 1003.2.3.1 Sec. 1003.2.3.2 Table 10-B Sec. 1003.2.3.2 TABLE 10-B EGRESS WIDTH PER PERSON SERVED USE STAIRWAYS (INCHES PER PERSON) OTHER EGRESS COMPONENTS (INCHES PER PERSON) (X 25 4 FOR MM/PERSON) Hazardous: H-1. H-2. H-3 and H-7 0 7 04 Inattuhonal: 1 -1 0.3 0.2 Inattutnnal 1-2 0 4 0.2 Mother uses 0.3 0 2 Maintaining width. If the minimum required width of the means of egress system increases along the path of exit travel based on cumulative occupant loads served, such width shall not be reduced S e c ^ qqj 2 3 3 or otherwise diminished to less than the largest minimum width required to that point along the path of exit travel. Exception: In other than Group H, Divisions 1.2,3 and 7 Occ., the width of exterior exit doors from an exit enclosure may be based on the largest occupant load of all levels served by such exit enclosure multiplied by a factor of 0.2 (5.08). Exiting from adjacent levels. No cumulative or contributing occupant loads from adjacent building Sec. 1003.2.3.4 levels need be considered when determining the required width of means of egress components from a given level. Where an exit from an upper floor and a lower floor converge at an intermediate floor, the width of Sec. 1003.2.3.4 the exit from the intermediate floor shall be based on the sum of the of the occupant loads of such upper and lower floors. 105 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Egress and Exits (continued) (3) Determine the requirements for doors, gates, stairways and ramps which are components of the means of egress system. Doors. For the purposes of Section 1003.3.1, the term ‘exit door' shall mean all of those doors or doorways along the path of exit travel anywhere in a means of egress system. Exit doors serving the means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of Section 1003.3.1. Where additional doors are installed for egress purposes, they shall conform to all requirements of this section [Sec. 1003.3.1.1], Buildings or structures used for human occupancy shall have at least one extenor exit door that meets the requirements of Section 1003.3.1.3. See Section 1003.3.1 for requirements regarding special doors, door width and height, landings, locks and panic hardware. Stairways. Every stairway having two or more risers serving any building or portion thereof shall comply with the requirements of Section 1003.3.3. For the purposes of Section 1003.3.3, the term “stairway” shall include stairs, landings, handrails and guardrails as applicable. Where aisles in assembly rooms have steps, they shall comply with the requirements in Section 1004.3.2. Exception: Stairs or ladders used only to attend equipment or window wells are exempt from the requirements of this section. The width of stairways shall be determined as specified in Section 1003.2.3, but such width shall not be less than 44 inches (1118 mm), except as specified herein and in Chapter 11 [Accessibility]. Stairways serving an occupant load less than 50 shall not be less than 36 inches (914mm) in width. Rise and run. The rise of steps and stairs shall not be less than 4 inches (102 mm) nor more than 7 inches (178 mm). The greatest riser height within any flight of stairs shall not exceed the smallest by more than 3/8 inch (9.5 mm). Except as permitted in Sections 1003.3.3.8.1, 1003.3.3.8.2 and 1003.3.3.8.3, the run shall not be less than 11 inches (279 mm) as measured horizontally between the horizontal planes of the furthermost projection of adjacent treads or nosings. Stair treads shall be of uniform size and shape, except the largest tread run within any flight of stairs shall not exceed the smallest by more than 3/8 inch (9.5 mm). Exceptions: 1. Private steps and stairways serving an occupant load of less than 10 and stairways to unoccupied roofs may be constructed with an 8-inch-maximum (203 mm) rise and a 9-inch-minimum (229 mm) run. 2. Where the bottom or top riser adjoins a sloping public way. walk or driveway having an established grade (other than natural earth) and serving as a landing, the bottom or top riser may be reduced along the slope to less than 4 inches (102 mm) in height with the variation in height of the bottom or top riser not to exceed 1 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (8.3% slope) of stairway width. Headroom. Every stairway shall have a headroom clearance of not less than 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm). Such clearances shall be measured vertically from a plane parallel and tangent to to stairway tread nosings to the soffit or other construction above at all points. See Section 1003.3.3 for requirements regarding stairway landings, handrails, alternative stairways, roof access and stairway identification. Ramps. Ramps used as a component in a means of egress system shall conform to the requirements of Section 1003.3.4. Exception: Ramped aisles within assembly rooms shall conform to the requirements in Section 1004.3.2. Width. The width of ramps shall be determined as specified in Section 1003.2.3, but shall not be less than 44 inches (1118 mm), except as specified herein and in Chapter 11 [Accessibility]. Ramps serving an occupant load of less than 50 shall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm) in width. Slope. The slope of ramps required by Chapter 11 that are located within an accessible route of travel shall not be steeper than 1 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (8.3% slope). The slope of other ramps shall not be steeper than 1 unit vertical in 8 units horizontal (12.5% slope). Sec. 1003.3 Sec. 1003.3.1.1 Sec. 1003.3.1.1 Sec. 1003.3.1.3 Sec. 1003.3.1 Sec. 1003.3.3 Sec. 1004.3.2 Sec. 1003.3.3.2 Sec. 1003.2.3 Sec. 1003.3.3.3 Sec. 1003.3.3 4 Sec. 1003.3.3 Sec. 1003.3.4 Sec. 1003.3.4.2 Sec. 1003.3.4.3 106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Egress and Exits (continued I See Section 1003.3.4 for requirements regarding ramp landings, handrails, construction and surface. (4) The Exit Access The exit access is that portion of a means of egress system between any occupied point in a building or structure and a door of the exit. Components that may be selectively included in the exit access include aisles, hallways and corridors, in addition to those means of egress components described in Section 1003.3. Exit-access Design Requirements. The exit access portion of the means of egress system shall comply with the applicable design requirements of Section 1004.2. For the purposes of Section 1004.2. the term ‘exit-access doorway" shall mean the point of entry to one portion of the building or structure from another along the path of exit travel. An exit-access doorway occurs where access to all exits is not direct (see Section 1004.2.3). An exit access doorway does not necessarily include a door. When a detailed requirement specifies an ‘exit-access door', however, then a door shall be included as a portion of the doorway. Travel through intervening rooms. The required access to exits from any portion of a building shall be directly from the space under consideration to an exit or to a corridor that provides direct access to an exit. Exit access shall not be interrupted by intervening rooms. For exceptions and further details see Section 1004.2.2. Access to exits. Exits shall be provided form each building level. Additionally, access to such exits shall be provided from all occupied areas within building levels. The maximum number of exits required from any story, basement or individual space shall be maintained until arrival at grade or the public way. From individual floors. For the purposes of Section 1004.2, floors, stories, occupied roofs and similar designations of building levels other than basements shall be considered synonymous. Every occupant on the first story shall have access to not less than one exit and not less than two exits when required by Table 10-A. Every occupant in basements and on stories other than the first story shall have access to not less than two exits. Exceptions: See Section 1004.2.3.2. No cumulative or contributing loads from adjacent levels need be considered when determining the number of required exits from a given level. From individual spaces. All occupied portions of the building shall have access to not less than one exit or exit access doorway. Access to not less than exits, exit-access doorways or combination thereof shall be provided when the individual or cumulative occupant load served by a portion of the exit access is equal to, or greater than, that listed in Table 10-A. Exceptions: 1. Elevator lobbies may have access to only one exit or exit-access doorway provided the use of such exit or exit-access doorway does not require keys, tools, special knowledge or effort. 2. Storage rooms, laundry rooms and maintenance offices not exceeding 300 square feet (27.87 m2) in floor area may be provided with access to only one exit or exit-access doorway. Separation of exits or exit-access doorways. Where two or more exits or exit-access doorways are required from any level or portion of the building, at least two of the exits or exit-access doorways shall be placed a distance apart equal to not less than one half of the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the area served measured in a straight line between the center of such exits or exit-access doorways. Additional exits or exit access doorways shall be arranged a reasonable distance apart so that if one becomes blocked, the others will be available. Exception: The separation distance determined in accordance with this section may be measured along a direct path of exit travel within a corridor serving exit enclosures. The walls of any such exit enclosure shall not be less than 30 feet (9144 mm), measured in a straight line, from the walls of another exit enclosure. Sec. 1003.3.4 Section 1004 Sec. 1004.1 Sec. 1004.2 Sec. 1004.2.2 Sec. 1004..2.3 Sec. 1004.2.3.1 Sec. 1004.2.3.2 Table 10-A Sec. 1004.2.3.2 Sec. 1004.2.3.2 Sec. 1004.2.3.3 Sec. 1004.2.4 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Egress and Exits (continued) Travel Distance. Travel distance is that distance an occupant must travel from any point within occupied portions of the exit access to the door of the nearest exit. Travel distance shall be measured in a straight line along the path of exit travel from the most remote point through the center of exit-access doorways to the center of the exit door. Travel distance shall include that portion of the path of exit travel through or around permanent construction features and building elements. Travel around tables, chairs, furnishings, cabinets and similar temporary or movable fixtures or equipment need not be considered as the normal presence of such items is factored into the permitted travel distance. Unless prohibited elsewhere in this chapter, travel within the exit access may occur on multiple levels by way of unenclosed stairways or ramps. Where the path of exit travel indudes unendosed stairways or ramps within the exit access, the distance of travel on such means of egress components shall also be induded in the travel distance measurement. The measurement along stairways shall be made on a plane parallel to and tangent to the stair tread nosings in the center of the stairway. Maximum travel distance. The travel distance to at least one exit shall not exceed that spedfied in this sedion. Special travel distance requirements are contained in other sections of this code as follows: 1. For atria, see Section 402.5. 2. For Group E Occupancies, see Section 1007.3. 3. For Group H Occupancies, see Section 1007.4. 4. For malls, see Sections 404.4.3 and 404.4.5. Nonsprinklered buildings. In buildings not equipped with an automatic sprinkler system throughout, the travel distance shall not exceed 200 feet (60,960 mm). Sprinklered buildings. In buildings equipped with an automatic spnnkler system throughout, the travel distance shall not exceed 250 feet (76,200 mm). Corridor increases. The travel distances specified in Sections 1004.2.5.2.1,1004.2.5.2.2, 1004.2.5.2.4 and1004.2.5.2.5 may be increased up to an additional 100 feet (30 460 mm) provided that the last portion of exit access leading to the exit occurs within a corridor. The length of such corridor shall not be less than the amount of the increase taken, in feet (mm). For maximum travel distance requirements for open parking garages, factory, hazardous and storage occupancies, see Sections 1004.2.5.2.4 and 1004.2.5.2.5. Dead ends. Where more than one exit or exit-access doorway is required, the exit access shall be arranged such that there are no dead ends in hallways and corridors more than 20 feet (6096 mm) in length. Exit-access Components. Exit-access components incorporated into the design of the exit-access portion of the means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of Section 1004.3. For requirements regarding aisles, hallways and corridors when used in the exit access portion, see Sections 1004.3.2, 1004.3.3 and 1004.3.4. (5) The Exit The exit is that portion of the means of egress system between the exit access and the exit discharge or the public way. Components that may be selectively include in the exit include exterior exit doors, exit enclosures, exit passageways and horizontal exits, in addition to those common means of egress components described in Section 1003.3. Sec. 1004.2.5.1 Sec. 1004.2.5.2 Sec. 1004.2.5.2.1 Sec. 1004.2.5.2.2 Sec. 1004.2.5.2.3 Sec. 1004.2.5.2.4 Sec. 1004.2.5.2.5 Sec. 1004.2.6 Sec. 1004.3 Sec. 1004.3.2 Sec. 1004.3.3 Sec. 1004.3.4 Section 1005 Sec. 1005.1 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Egress and Exits (continued) Exit Design Requirements. The exit portion of the means of egress system shall comply with the applicable design requirements of this section. Separation of exits. Exits shall be separated in accordance with the requirements of Section 1004.2.4. Travel distance. Travel distance shall not be limited within an exit enclosure or passageway, which complies with the applicable requirements of Section 1005.3. Travel through intervening rooms. Exits shall not be interrupted by intervening rooms. Exceptions: 1. Horizontal exits may lead to an exit-access element complying with the requirements of Section 1004. 2. In office buildings, and Group I, Division 1.1 hospitals and nursing homes, a maximum of 50 percent of the exits may pass through a street-floor lobby, provided the entire street floor is protected with an automatic sprinkler system. Exit Components. Exit components incorporated into the design of the exit portion of the means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of Section 1005.3. Once a given level of fire-resistive protection is achieved in an exit component, the fire-resistive time period of such component shall not be reduced until arrival at the exit discharge or the public way. Exception: Horizontal exits may lead to an exit-access element complying with the requirements of Section 1004. Exit enclosures. Exit enclosures serving as an exit in a means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of Section 1005.3.3. Exit enclosures shall not be used for any purpose other than as a means of egress. For exceptions and additional provisions on exit enclosures and construction, see Section 1005.3.3. E x it passageways. See Section 1005.3.4 for detailed requirements regarding construction of, and openings into, exit passageways. Horizontal exits. A horizontal exit is a wall that completely divides a floor of a building into two or more separate exit-access areas to afford safety from the fire and smoke in the exit access area of incident origin. For complete requirements for horizontal exits see Section 1005.3.5. (6) The Exit Discharge The exit discharge is that portion of the means of egress system between the exit and the public way. Components that may be selectively included in the exit discharge include exterior exit balconies, exterior exit stairways, exterior exit ramps, exit courts and yards, in addition to those common means of egress components described in Section 1003.3. For exceptions and specific requirements for design of the exit discharge, including access to grade, travel distance and component construction and dimensions, see Section 1006, completely. (7) See Section 1007 for additional means of egress requirements based on occupancies. Groups A, E, H, I , R and special hazards are included. Section 1008 contains special provisions for grandstands, bleachers, etc. Record the data and proceed to CodeMaster 7. Sec. 1005.2 Sec. 1005.2.1 Sec. 1005.2.2 Sec. 1005.2.2 Sec. 1005.3 Sec. 1005.3.3 Sec. 1005.3.3 Sec. 1005.3.4 Sec. 1005.3.5 Section 1006 Sec. 1006.1 Section 1007 Section 1008 109 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CodeMaster 7 no Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. FIRE RESISTANCE Fire resistance in the Uniform Building Code is based on fire endurance, the length of time during which a fire- reistive assembly can be expected to confine a fire to a given area, or continue to perform structurally, or both. The fire endurance of an assembly is expressed as a "_-hour fire-resistive assembly. " Chapter 7 of the UBC provides test criteria and standards used to determine the fire-resistive ratings of construction assemblies, materials and details. Chapter 8 regulates interior wall and ceiling finish materials which, when unregulated, have historically caused great loss of life. Dangerous interior finish materials can cause rapid flame spread and dense smoke production, which severely impair the occupants'access to exits. At this point in the code analysis, the structural system and fire-resistance requirements have been determined, either from examination of an existing building or from the ICBO/Sheedy Tables in CodeMasterA. In order to determine the qualifications of existing or proposed construction, use one of the following methods: (1) Fire-rating assembly tables: For the purpose of determining the degree of fire resistance afforded, the ^ec. 7^ - materials of construction listed in this chapter [7] shall be assumed to have the fire-resistance rating indicated inTable 7-A, 7-B or 7-C. (2) Qualification by testing: Material or assembly of materials of construction tested in accordance with Sec. 703.2 the requirements set forth in UBC Standard 7-1 shall be rated for fire resistance in accordance with the results and conditions of such tests. (3) Calculating fire resistance: The fire-resistive rating of a material or assembly may be established by gec yQ3 - calculations. The procedures used for such calculations shall be in accordance with UBC Standard 7-7. Specific requirements for the protection of structural members are found Sec- 704 in Section 704. Projections (such as eaves,cornices and exterior balconies) are Sec. 705 restricted by Section 705. Fire-resistive joint systems are regulated in Section 706. Sec. 706 Insulation must comply with Section 707. Sec- 707 Requirements for fire blocks and draft stops are found in Section 708. Sec- 708 The remainder of UBC Chapter 7 deals with fire-resistance and details of Sec. 709- assemblies, and the protection of penetrations and openings (such as Sec. 714 fire-rated doors) in those assemblies. Interior Finishes. The classes of materials based on their flame-spread index shall §ec. 804 be as set forth in Table 8-A. The smoke density shall be no greater than 450 when tested in accordance with UBC Standard 8-1 in the way intended for use. Floors and gec qqj walls in water closet compartments and showers are controlled in Section 807. Record data and turn page to FIRE-PROTECTION in Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. FIRE PROTECTION Although architects rarely have the expertise to design detailed fire-extinguishing systems for their projects. Chapter 9 can provide them with the UBC requirements for two distinct systems which serve to make safer building envimnments. The first, fire-extinguishing and/or standpipe systems, is intended to control and limit fire spread, allowing an additional degree of safety to occupants and firefighters. The second system, smoke control, seeks to control smoke migration through building design and smoke- and heat-venting systems. Fire protection, in general, aims to slow down a fire and its deadly smoke accumulation, and therefore protects both life and property. (1) Review the definitions in Section 903. The user should understand the various standpipe classifications and smoke-control systems. Section 904 describes specific occupancies for which automatic fire- extinguishing systems are required, plus pertinent exceptions. Buildings under construction which are four or more stories in height require standpipe(s), as per Section 904.6.2 and Table 9-A. Smoke control involves passive or mechanical smoke-control systems designed to create a tenable environment for the evacuation or relocation of occupants. Details, power sources and control panels are discussed in Section 905. Smoke and heat venting serve to remove a fire’s smoke and heat Section 906 through fixed or automatic vents. Curtain boards subdivide a vented building and are detailed in Section Sec. 906.6 906.6. Proceed to CodeMaster 8. Section 903 Section 904 Sec. 904.6.2 Table 9-A Section 905 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CodeMaster 8 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACCESSIBILITY Accessibility refers to making a building and/or other facilities reachable and useable by people with disabilities. Although the nature of a disability creates specific space requirements, it is generally assumed that spaces designed to accomodate a person using a wheelchair can function adequately for most people. Space requirements apply to manuevering area, clearance width for doors and corridors, and height needs. In 1968, the Architectural Barriers Act was enacted to provide that certain buildings financed with federal funds were accessible to the physically disabled. In 1990, President Bush signed the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) into law. The UBC first included a chapter on accesibility in the 1991 edition. In the interest of uniformity, all three model code making organizations (ICBO, BOCA and SBCC) requested that the Council of American Building Officials (CABO) develop a single standard for accessibility. The CABO/ANSI A117.1 -1992 was the result. It is now adopted by Section 1101 of the 1997 UBC as the design standard for accesibility. Area dimensions, heights of fixtures and more are well-established in the 77 page publication, available through the International Conference of Building Officials. Some states have adopted the UBC accessibilty standards with little or no modification. Other states adopt the UBC with significant amendments to Chapter 1 1 (Accessibility) and/or other chapters. California, for example, has adopted State Title 24 access regulations instead of the UBC model. Title 24 has been amended frequently in the past several years. It is not identical to the ADA and even has some contradictory regulations. Due to the variation and number of requirements regarding accessibility, the building designer can be faced with a mass of conflicting laws and unclear jurisdictions. Consequently, that designer must contact the local building department for guidance on applicable accessibility laws. State and municipal amendments are often available through the ICBO. All architects should understand the intent and standard interpretations of the ADA, state and local regulations regarding building and facility accessibility for the disabled. Turn page to ENERGY CODE. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ENERGY CODE Many states have adopted energy conservation regulations for new construction, with the goal of reducing the fuel used in heating and cooling. When a state adopts the UBC, it can choose to adopt Appendix Chapter 13. Energy Conservation in New Building Construction, which adopts by reference the Model Energy Code. The purpose of this appendix is to regulate the design and construction of the exterior Appendix- envelopes and selection of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning, service water Chapter 13 heating, electrical distribution, and illuminating systems and equipment required for the § ec • ] 3 0 2 purpose of effective conservation of energy within a building or structure governed by this code. Because energy conservation laws can severely impact the design of buildings, the code user should contact the local building department regarding applicable state or municipal energy conservation codes. Turn page to MISCELLANEOUS. 115 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. MISCELLANEOUS Several chapters of the 1997 UBC have not been examined during the CodeMaster analysis sequence. A complete code search for a project requires a thorough review of the UBC, all chapters. Chapters 16 through 23 are found in Volume II. Excerpts of these chapters, however, are placed at the end of Volume I. A glance at the Table of Contents reveals some chapters with which the code user should choose to become familiar, in addition to those specified in CodeMaster. These include Roofing and Roof Structures (Chapter 15), Glass and Glazing (Chapter 24), Site Work (Chapter 33) and Existing Structures (Chapter 34). About a dozen appendices in the back of Volume I provide additional information regarding provisions of the 1997 Uniform Building Code. Plumbing Systems, Chapter 29, includes requirements for plumbing fixtures. The appendix for Chapter 29 contains Table A-29-A, which regulates the number of required plumbing fixtures, based on density and occupancy group. Chapter 29 Appendix- Chapter 29 Table A-29-A Structural engineering design requirements are found in Volume II. Ch. 16-23 Volume II By following the CodeMaster sequence, the preliminary code search should now be completed. If changes have been made to the original presumed size, use, or structure of the building which is being reviewed, the CodeMaster code review should now be repeated, this time using the new, modified building data. 116 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (Q A -3 ) 1 .0 2ft l.l 1.25 2.8 3.2 1 * 9 25 2.2 1 .4 2.0 1 . 8 1 . 6 150m m IIW IG E .I n c 1653 East Main Street Rochester, NY 14609 USA Phone: 716/482-0300 Fax: 716/288-5989 O 1993. Applied Image. Inc.. All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

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Asset Metadata

Creator Houston, Catherine Neal (author)

Core Title The user's guide to the 1997 Uniform Building Code

Degree Master of Building Science / Master in Biomedical Sciences

Degree Program Building Science

Publisher University of Southern California (original), University of Southern California. Libraries (digital)

Tag Architecture,OAI-PMH Harvest,Political Science, public administration

Language English

Contributor Digitized by ProQuest (provenance)

Permanent Link (DOI) https://doi.org/10.25549/usctheses-c16-21807

Unique identifier UC11340982

Identifier 1391087.pdf (filename),usctheses-c16-21807 (legacy record id)

Legacy Identifier 1391087.pdf

Dmrecord 21807

Document Type Thesis

Rights Houston, Catherine Neal

Type texts

Source University of Southern California (contributing entity), University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses (collection)

Access Conditions The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the au...

Repository Name University of Southern California Digital Library

Repository Location USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA