University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses

A Study Of Fringe Benefits For Full-Time Faculty In Bible Colleges

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A Study Of Fringe Benefits For Full-Time Faculty In Bible Colleges

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Content A STUDY OF FRINGE BENEFITS FOR FULL-TIME FACULTY IN BIBLE COLLEGES A D i s s e r t a t i o n P r e s e n te d to th e F a c u l t y o f th e S chool o f E d u c a tio n The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u th e rn C a l i f o r n i a In P a r t i a l F u l f i l l m e n t o f th e R equirem ents f o r th e Degree D o cto r o f E d u c a tio n by E lm er Edwin K irsc h June 1972 INFORMATION TO USERS This dissertation was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this docum ent have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the docum ent photographed is "Missing Page(s)''. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being p h o to g ra p h e d the photographer followed a definite m ethod in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete, 4. The majority of users indicate th at the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 A Xerox Education C om pany I I 73-744 KIRSCH, Elmer Edwin, 1927- A STUDY OF FRINGE BENEFITS FOR FULL-TIME FACULTY IN BIBLE COLLEGES. University of Southern California, Ed.D., 1972 Education, higher . University Microfilms. A X ER O X Com pany, Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. This dissertation, written under the direction of the Chairman of the candidate’s Guidance Committee and approved by all members of the Committee, has been presented to and accepted by the Faculty of the School of Education in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education. D ate........ k t L y lS ..7. Guidance Com m ittee /! Dean s f , > Chairman PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES v C h a p te r I . THE PROBLEM 1 Background o f th e Problem S ta te m e n t o f th e Problem O b je c tiv e s o f th e Study Im p o rtan ce o f th e Study P ro c e d u re A ssum ptions D e l i m i t a t i o n s D e f i n i t i o n s o f Terms O r g a n iz a tio n o f th e Rem ainder o f th e Study I n t r o d u c t i o n Background P r e v a le n c e o f R esearch V ie w p o in ts C oncerning F r in g e B e n e f its F a c u lty S a t i s f a c t i o n and F a c u l t y M o b ility D o c to ra l S tu d ie s C o n ce rn in g F rin g e B e n e f i t s Summary D e l i n e a t i n g th e A rea o f Study S e a r c h in g th e L i t e r a t u r e D ev elo p in g and C i r c u l a t i n g th e Q u e s tio n n a i re R e p o r tin g and A n a ly z in g t h e F in d in g s from th e Q u e s tio n n a ir e O r g a n iz in g th e C o n c lu sio n s Summary I I . REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 12 I I I . THE RESEARCH. PROCEDURE 29 Chapter IV. FINDINGS RELATING TO SELECTED FACULTY FRINGE BENEFITS IN BIBLE COLLEGES . . . . R e tire m e n t Programs F a c u lty L ife In s u r a n c e Program s H e a lth In su ra n c e S a b b a t i c a l Leave N o n -S a b b a tic a l Leave (Leave o f Absence) Sick Leave F a c u lty P r o f e s s i o n a l T r a v e l Expense F a c u lty Family E d u c a tio n P e r s o n a l Loans M ortgage Loans F a c u lty P u rch ase Through th e I n s t i t u t i o n Moving Expense F a c u lty Housing P r i v a t e F a c u lty O f f i c e s S e c r e t a r i a l A s s i s ta n c e F a c u lty T eaching Loads Summary V. FINDINGS RELATIVE TO THE PERCEIVED DESIRABILITY OF FRINGE BENEFITS IN BIBLE COLLEGES ......................................................... R e tire m e n t L if e In s u ra n c e H e a lth In su ra n c e S a b b a t i c a l Leave N o n -S a b b a tic a l Leave o f Absence F a c u lty Sick Leave P r o f e s s i o n a l T ra v e l F a c u lty Fam ily E d u c a tio n P e r s o n a l Loans to F a c u l t y M ortgage Loans P u rc h a se Through th e I n s t i t u t i o n Moving Expense A s s i s ta n c e F a c u lty Housing P r o v is i o n P r i v a t e F a c u lty O f f i c e s S e c r e t a r i a l A s s i s ta n c e Comments of t h e C h ie f A d m in is tr a to r s Summary VI. DISCUSSION OF THE FINDINGS .......................................... Rank O rder o f F rin g e B e n e f its Page 36 142 15 8 iii C h a p te r Page In c id e n c e o f F rin g e B e n e f i t s i n B ib le C o lle g e s P e r c e iv e d Im p o rta n c e o f F rin g e B e n e f i t s I m p l i c a t i o n s o f th e F in d in g s Summary V II. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS . 173 Summary C o n c lu sio n s Recommendations APPENDIXES A. COVER LETTER TO ADMINISTRATORS............................... 184 B. QUESTIONNAIRE TO ADMINISTRATORS .................... 186 C. COVER LETTER TO THE INDEPENDENT EXPERTS . . 191 D. QUESTIONNAIRE TO THE INDEPENDENT EXPERTS . . 193 E. PANEL OF INDEPENDENT EXPERTS ...................................... 19 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................. 197 i v LIST OF TA3LES T able Page 1. D i s t r i b u t i o n o f P a r t i c i p a t i n g I n s t i t u t i o n s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n , G eographic R egion, and Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n ......................... 3 8 2. D i s t r i b u t i o n o f P a r t i c i p a t i n g I n s t i t u t i o n s by Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n and F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t ........................................................... 39 3. F a c u lty R e tire m e n t D ata o f R e p o rtin g I n s t i t u t i o n s as Shown by Size o f I n s t i t u t i o n , G eo g rap h ic R egion, and Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n . 41 4. I n s t i t u t i o n a l C o n tr ib u tio n t o F a c u lty Re t i r e m e n t in B ib le C o lle g e s by F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n r o llm e n t, and G eo graphic R e g i o n ........................................................................ 44 5. Recency o f R e tire m e n t Programs f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s by F u ll-T im e E n ro llm e n t and by G eographic Region . . . . 46 6. F u tu re P la n s f o r R e tire m e n t Program s fo r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s by F u ll-T im e E n ro llm e n t and by G eographic R e g i o n ......................................................................... 4 7 7. F a c u lty S o c i a l S e c u r i t y Coverage by F u l l - Time E n r o llm e n t, and G eographic Region o f t h e I n s t i t u t i o n .......................................... 4 8 8. I n s t i t u t i o n a l C o n tr ib u tio n Toward Payment o f F a c u l t y S o c ia l S e c u r i ty B e n e f its by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n , and by G eographic R e g i o n ......................................................................... 51 9. I n s t i t u t i o n s R e p o rtin g a Tax S h e l t e r e d A nnuity Program by S ize o f I n s t i t u t i o n , G eo g rap h ic R egion, and Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n . 5 3 v 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 Recency o f A nnuity Programs i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n , and G eographic R e g i o n ....................................................................................... F a c u l t y L if e In s u ra n c e Programs A v a i l a b l e in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n , G eographic R egion, and Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n . I n s t i t u t i o n a l C o n t r i b u t i o n Toward F a c u l t y ' L if e In s u r a n c e Premium i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S ize o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eographic Region ........................................................................................ F a c u lty H e a lth In s u ra n c e Program s A v a ila b le in B ib le C o lle g e s by S ize o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo graphic Region .................................................... I n s t i t u t i o n a l C o n t r i b u t i o n Toward F a c u lty H e a lth In s u r a n c e Premiums i n B ib le C o l le g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eographic Region .............................................................. Recency o f F a c u lty H e a lth In s u ra n c e Program s in B ib le C o lle g e s by S ize o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo graphic R e g i o n .................................................... P r o v is i o n f o r S a b b a t i c a l Leave f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e of I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo graphic Region ..................... Recency o f th e E s ta b lis h m e n t o f S a b b a t i c a l Leave w ith Pay Program s f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by S ize o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eographic Region ..................... F u tu re P la n s f o r Im plem enting S a b b a t i c a l Leave w ith Pay Programs f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by S ize o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo graphic Region ..................... E x is te n c e o f P r o v is io n f o r N o n -S a b b a tic a l Leaves o f Absence f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y in B ib le C o lle g e s by Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region .................................................... Recency o f N o n - S a b b a tic a l Leave o f Absence P r o v is i o n f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo graphic R e g i o n .............................................................. v i T a b le Page 21. F u tu re P la n s f o r th e Im p le m e n ta tio n o f Non- S a b b a t i c a l Leave o f Absence f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region ...................... 77 22. P r o v is io n f o r S ick Leave f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region ...................... 78 2 3. Recency o f th e P r o v is i o n f o r S ick Leave f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S ize o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eographic R e g i o n ........................................................................................ 80 24. F u tu re P la n s f o r t h e Im p le m e n ta tio n o f S ick Leave f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eographic Region .............................................................. 82 25. P r o v is i o n f o r P r o f e s s i o n a l T ra v e l Expense Reim bursem ent f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by S ize o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region .................................................... 83 26. Recency o f P r o v is i o n f o r P r o f e s s i o n a l T ra v e l Expense Reim bursem ent f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S ize o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region ..................... 85 27. P r o v is i o n f o r W aiver o f T u i t i o n f o r C h ild re n o f F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eographic Region . 87 2 8. Recency o f P r o v i s i o n f o r W aiver o f T u itio n f o r C h ild r e n o f F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region .................................................... 88 29. P r o v is io n f o r W aiver o f T u itio n f o r th e Spouse o f F u ll-T im e F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region .............................................................. 90 30. Recency o f P r o v is i o n f o r t h e W aiver o f T u i t i o n f o r t h e Spouse o f F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region .................................................... 92 v i i T a b le Page 31. F u tu re P la n s f o r Im plem enting a W aiver o f T u itio n Program f o r th e Spouse o f F u l l - Time F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by S ize o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eographic Region . . . 9 4 32. F u tu re P la n s f o r Im plem enting a W aiver o f T u itio n Program f o r C h ild re n o f F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n , G eographic R egion, and Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n ......................................................... 95 33. P r o v is i o n f o r P e r s o n a l Loans t o F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f Institution, Geographic Region, and Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n ......................................................... 97 34. Recency o f Programs f o r P e r s o n a l Loans t o F u ll-T im e F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S ize o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eographic R e g i o n ....................................................................................... 98 35. M ortgage Loan P r o v is i o n s f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n , G eographic R egion, and Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n ........................................................ 100 36. Recency o f P r o v is i o n f o r M ortgage Loans t o F u ll-T im e F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eographic Region . 102 37. F u tu re P la n s f o r Im p lem en tin g M ortgage Loans to F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by S ize o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eographic Region . 10 4 38. P r o v is i o n f o r F a c u lty P u rc h a se Through th e I n s t i t u t i o n f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n , G eographic R egion, and Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n . 106 39. Recency o f P r o v is i o n i n B ib le C o lle g e s f o r F a c u lty P u rc h a se Through th e I n s t i t u t i o n by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eographic R e g i o n .............................................................................. 10 8 40. F u tu re P la n s f o r Im plem enting P u rc h a se Through t h e I n s t i t u t i o n f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eographic Region ..................... 109 v i i i T a b le Page 41. Moving Expense A s s i s ta n c e f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S ize o f I n s t i t u t i o n , G eo g rap h ic R egion, and Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n ......................................................... I l l 42. Recency o f Im p le m e n ta tio n o f P r o v is io n f o r Moving Expense A s s i s ta n c e f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S ize of I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo graphic Region ....................... 113 43. F u tu re P la n s f o r Moving Expense A s s is ta n c e f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s by Size of Institution and Geographic R e g i o n ...................................................................... 115 44. Housing P r o v is i o n s f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n . . . 117 45. Housing P r o v is i o n s f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by G eo g rap h ic Region . . . . 118 46. Recency of Housing Provision for Full-Time F a c u l t y i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo graphic Region ..................... 119 47. F u tu re P la n s f o r Im plem enting Housing P r o v i s io n s f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S ize o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region .............................................................. 122 48. P r e v a le n c e o f Housing L o c a tin g A s s is ta n c e f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s in P la c e o f o r in A d d itio n t o I n s t i t u t i o n a l l y Owned H ousing, by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region 12 3 49. Recency of Housing Locating Assistance S e r v ic e f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic R e g i o n 12 6 50. F u tu re P la n s f o r I n s t i t u t i n g Housing L o c a tin g A s s is ta n c e S e r v ic e f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eographic Region 12 7 i x T a b le Page 51. P r o v is i o n f o r P r i v a t e F a c u lty O f f i c e s f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n , G eo g rap h ic R egion, and Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n ............................................... 129 52. Recency o f P r o v is io n f o r P r i v a t e F a c u lty O f f i c e s f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eographic Region .............................................................. 130 5 3. F u tu re P la n s f o r P r o v id in g P r i v a t e F a c u lty O f f i c e s f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n , Geo g r a p h ic R egion, and Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n . . 133 54. P r e v a le n c e o f S e c r e t a r i a l A s s i s ta n c e t o F u l l - Time F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n , G eographic Region and Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n ......................................................... 135 55. Recency o f P r o v is io n f o r S e c r e t a r i a l As s i s t a n c e t o F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by S ize o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eographic Region .............................................................. 136 56. F u tu r e P la n s f o r Im plem enting S e c r e t a r i a l A s s is ta n c e f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S ize o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eographic Region .............................................................. 139 57. T e a c h in g Loads i n S em ester U n it-H o u rs f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region . 140 5 8. P e r c e iv e d D e s i r a b i l i t y o f F rin g e B e n e f i t s in B ib le C o lle g e s as an Aid i n th e R e c ru itm e n t and R e te n tio n o f F u ll-T im e F a c u lty as Seen by C h ie f A d m in is tr a to r s o f B ib le C o lle g e s and a P a n e l o f In d e p e n d e n t E x p e r t s , and th e S t a t u s o f Those B e n e f i t s ............................... 144 59. P r e v a le n c e by Rank O rd er o f F i f t e e n S e l e c t e d F rin g e B e n e f its f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o l l e g e s ................................................................... 159 60. In c id e n c e i n B ib le C o lle g e s o f F i f t e e n S e l e c t e d F rin g e B e n e f i t s .......................................... 161 x CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM Background o f th e Problem The r a p i d e x p a n sio n and i n c r e a s i n g c o s t o f h i g h e r e d u c a tio n i n th e p a s t two decades has caused i n s t i t u t i o n s o f h i g h e r e d u c a tio n t o s e a r c h f o r more e f f i c i e n t ways t o h a n d le b o th i n c r e a s e d e n r o llm e n ts and i n c r e a s e d c o s t s . While th e most r a p i d growth has ta k e n p la c e in t h e p u b l i c s e c t o r , e x t e n s i v e growth and s t r e s s have ta k e n p l a c e i n th e p r i v a t e s e c t o r as w e l l . The f i n a n c i a l p in c h h a s been p a r t i c u l a r l y a c u te i n s m a ll p r i v a t e c o l l e g e s which a re n o t h e a v i l y endowed o r s u p p o r te d . Concern has been e x p r e s s e d as t o w h e th e r th e c u r r e n t t r e n d s i n f i n a n c i a l p r e s s u r e s may s p e l l th e dem ise o f th e s m a ll p r i v a t e c o lle g e (1 4 ,1 5 ). W ith o u t ad e q u a te f i n a n c i n g , an i n s t i t u t i o n o f h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n c a n n o t long s u r v i v e . The f i n a n c i a l c o n d itio n o f th e c o lle g e i s f e l t i n numerous a r e a s . One o f t h e s e i s f a c u l t y s a l a r i e s . While s a l a r y c e r t a i n l y i s an im p o r ta n t f a c t o r i n th e o v e r a l l con s i d e r a t i o n o f th e c o n d i t i o n s o f em ploym ent, c o n s i d e r a t i o n f o r f a c u l t y w e l f a r e i n o t h e r a r e a s b e s id e s wages has a l s o been s t r e s s e d . Brumbaugh s a y s : 2 In a h i g h l y c o m p e titiv e s i t u a t i o n th e c o n d itio n s o f f a c u l t y s e r v i c e w i l l be o f utm o st im p o rta n c e . I t behooves p r e s i d e n t s and d e a n s , t h e r e f o r e , to s tu d y t h e i r s a l a r y s c h e d u l e s , te a c h i n g l o a d s , h o u s in g c o n d i t i o n s , p r o v i s i o n s f o r l e a v e s , in s u r a n c e and r e t i r e m e n t p r o v i s i o n s , w ith a view o f c l a r i f y i n g p o l i c i e s and im p ro v in g th e s e p r o v i s i o n s . (8:34) In h i s e x t e n s iv e r e s e a r c h o f f a c u l t y b e n e f i t s , Ingraham s a y s : S a la r y i s a v e ry good way to pay p e o p le . This i s so obv io u s t h a t any o t h e r mode n eed s j u s t i f i c a t i o n . By means o f s a l a r y th e g r e a t e s t d eg re e o f freedom i s giv en t h e i n d i v i d u a l t o use h i s com p en satio n in th e way he w is h e s . I t m axim izes l i b e r t y . . . . Y et s a l a r y a lo n e seldom p r o v id e s th e m ost e f f e c t i v e com pensation. (13:3-4) I t w ould a p p e a r , t h e n , t h a t the a r e a o f non-wage paym ents or f r i n g e b e n e f i t s m ig h t p ro v e b e n e f i c i a l to th e c o l l e g e w hich must e n t e r t h e a re n a o f f i n a n c i a l c o m p e titio n w ith l i m i t e d r e s o u r c e s . S ta te m e n t o f th e Problem Com prising a p a r t o f th e p l u r a l i s m and d i v e r s i t y which p a r t i a l l y c h a r a c t e r i z e s American h i g h e r e d u c a tio n i s t h a t group o f f o u r - y e a r v o c a t i o n a l - p r o f e s s i o n a l s c h o o ls c o l l e c t i v e l y known as B ib le c o l l e g e s . 1 T y p i c a ll y , th e f i n a n c i a l r e s o u r c e s o f th e s e s c h o o ls have n o t been a b u n d a n t, and a c c e s s t o s t a t e and f e d e r a l funds have been very 1B ib le c o l l e g e s a r e f o u r - y e a r c o l l e g i a t e i n s t i t u t i o n s en g ag ed in p r o f e s s i o n a l t r a i n i n g f o r v a rio u s c h u rc h - r e l a t e d v o c a tio n s and p r o f e s s i o n s . G e n e ra lly t h e s e a re s p o n so re d by and a r e a s s o c i a t e d w ith a p a r e n t d e n o m in a tio n . P r o f e s s i o n a l a c c r e d i t a t i o n f o r q u a l i f i e d sc h o o ls i s g iv e n by t h e A c c r e d i t i n g A s s o c i a t i o n o f B ib le C o lle g e s (AABC), W heaton, I l l i n o i s . limited. Yet, adequate faculties must be recruited and maintained. Colleges must compete with a variety of other institutions for the "commodity" of trained personnel. W hile, as T ic to n p o i n t s o u t , e d u c a tio n "has f i l l e d th e ra n k s w ith 'd e d i c a t e d p e o p l e , ' men and women who would r a t h e r be e d u c a to r s th a n a n y th in g e l s e " ( 2 5 :7 ) , such m e r it has its obvious limitations. Findley says, Fringe benefits have reached the point where they have to be considered a factor in a person's decision to enter a particular profession or whether he will accept or reject a particular position within that profession. (11:5) In h i s r e s e a r c h o f b e n e f i t s and t h e i r im p o rta n c e to c o l l e g e f a c u l t y , B a ly e a t (4:33) found t h a t s i x o u t o f th e f i r s t n i n e ite m s chosen by f a c u l t y f o r t h e i r im p o rta n c e c o u ld be im plem ented by c o l l e g e s w ith o u t s u b s t a n t i a l o u t- o f - p o c k e t c o s t . M a rs h a ll e x p l a i n s t h a t " e f f e c t i v e p e r s o n n e l p r a c t i c e s can do much to re d u c e [ f a c u l t y ] tu rn o v e r" (19:92) . The p ro b le m i s , t h u s , one o f e s t a b l i s h i n g f o r f a c u l t y such p e r s o n n e l p o l i c i e s i n th e a r e a o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s as w i l l s e r v e as d e t e r r e n t s t o e x c e s s i v e f a c u l t y t u r n o v e r on t h e one h an d , and as a t t r a c t o r s and s a t i s f i e r s t o facu lty on t h e o t h e r hand. Brown (5:73) h o ld s t h a t f r i n g e b e n e f i t s have become i n c r e a s i n g l y im p o r ta n t i n th e l a s t two decades f o r th e American l a b o r f o rc e as a w h o le , and B a ly e a t (4:1) found t h a t f r i n g e b e n e f i t s are c o n s id e r e d im p o r ta n t and s a t i s f y i n g t o c o l l e g e f a c u l t y . B a ly e a t a ls o warns t h a t , " U n i v e r s i t i e s and c o l l e g e s which do n o t upgrade t h e i r f a c u l t y p e r s o n n e l p o l i c i e s and p r a c t i c e s . . . lo s e t h e i r f a c u l t i e s " ( 4 :3 ) . Based on th e im p o rta n c e a s c r i b e d t o f r i n g e b e n e f i t s by o t h e r r e s e a r c h e r s , th e p ro b lem o f t h i s r e s e a r c h was t o d i s c o v e r (a) t h e e x t e n t t o which c e r t a i n s e l e c t e d f r in g e b e n e f i t s found i n o t h e r c o l l e g e s were a l s o p r e s e n t i n B ib le c o l l e g e s ; (b) th e d eg re e t o which such b e n e f i t s were p r e s e n t ; (c) w h e th e r th e p r e s e n c e o r absence o f a g iv en b e n e f i t was r e l a t e d t o t h e s i z e o r g e o g ra p h ic l o c a t i o n o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n ; (d) w hat a t t i t u d e s th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r o f t h e s c h o o ls i n q u e s ti o n h e l d about th e im p o rta n c e o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s as an a i d i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y ; (e) w hat a t t i t u d e s a p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s h e l d c o n c e rn in g th e im p o rta n c e o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s as an a i d i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y ; and (f) whether t h e r e w ere d i s t i n g u i s h a b l e t r e n d s w ith r e f e r e n c e t o f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n B ib le c o l l e g e s . I t was a n t i c i p a t e d t h a t t h i s r e s e a r c h w ould shed l i g h t on th e d e g re e t o which f r i n g e b e n e f i t s have become p a r t o f t o t a l f a c u l t y w e l f a r e in B ib le c o l l e g e s , and a l s o s e rv e as a means by which th e s e i n s t i t u t i o n s can e v a l u a t e t h e i r own i n d i v i d u a l f r i n g e b e n e f i t p ro g ram s. I t was f u r t h e r a n t i c i p a t e d t h a t t h i s r e s e a r c h would r e v e a l a t t i t u d e s a b o u t f r i n g e b e n e f i t s as h e l d by t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f B ib le c o l l e g e s in com parison t o th e a t t i t u d e s h e l d by a p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s , as w e l l as i n d i c a t e p la n s f o r th e im p le m e n ta tio n o f c e r t a i n b e n e f i t s among B ib le c o lle g e s i n th e n e a r f u t u r e . O b je c tiv e s o f th e Study The o b j e c t i v e s o f t h i s s tu d y o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s in B ib le c o l l e g e s are s e t f o r t h i n th e f o llo w in g q u e s t i o n s : 1. What does th e l i t e r a t u r e and r e s e a r c h say p e r t a i n i n g t o f r i n g e b e n e f i t s in e d u c a tio n ? 2. What k in d s o f s e l e c t e d b e n e f i t s e x i s t f o r f u l l tim e f a c u l t y i n B ib le c o lle g e s ? 3. Are t h e r e d i f f e r e n c e s i n b e n e f i t s among B ib le c o l l e g e s when c o n s id e r i n g s i z e , age, and geo g r a p h ic l o c a t i o n o f th e c o lle g e ? 4. What d eg re e o f im p o rta n c e does th e c h i e f admin i s t r a t o r o f th e c o lle g e p l a c e on each o f th e b e n e f i t s i n v e s t i g a t e d ? 5. What d eg ree o f im p o rta n c e does a p a n e l o f ex p e r t s p l a c e upon each o f t h e b e n e f i t s i n v e s t i g ate d ? 6. Are t h e r e d i s t i n g u i s h a b l e tr e n d s i n t h e a r e a o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s in B ib le c o lle g e s ? Im p o rtan ce o f th e Study The p l a c e o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n e d u c a tio n i s p o i n t e d o u t by F in d le y : 6 A lthough some form o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s has e x i s t e d i n b u s i n e s s , e d u c a t i o n , and governm ent s in c e th e tu r n o f th e c e n tu r y , i t has been o n ly in th e l a s t 20 y e a rs t h a t th e y have come to h o ld a p o s i t i o n o f prom inence i n m ost wage n e g o t i a t i o n s . (11:4) A lle n (3:106) t r a c e s f r i n g e b e n e f i t s back t o a d e c i s io n by th e War Labor R e l a t i o n s B oard in 19 43 when wage c e i l i n g s were i n e f f e c t . The b o a rd r u l e d t h a t f r in g e b e n e f i t s w ere n o t t o be c o n s id e r e d as wage i n c r e a s e s . David Brown (5:73) points out that for the entire American labor force, fringe b e n e f i t s have become i n c r e a s i n g l y im p o rta n t i n th e p a s t two d e c a d e s. He a l s o s e e s f r i n g e b e n e f i t s as a c o n s t r a i n t on f a c u l t y m o b i l i t y . Caplow and McGee i n t h e i r s tu d y o f th e academ ic m a r k e tp la c e w ro te : P r e s e n t p r a c t i c e w ith r e g a r d to f r i n g e b e n e f i t s f o r f a c u l t y members a re u n b e lie v a b ly s h o r t - s i g h t e d . . . . S e v e r a l o f t h e u n i v e r s i t i e s i n th e sample have th e c u r io u s p o l i c y t h a t members o f th e f a c u l t y m ust n o t be g iv e n any p r i v i l e g e s n o t e q u a l l y a v a i l a b l e to s t u d e n t s and s t e n o g r a p h e r s . However la u d a b le th e m o tiv es b e h in d t h i s p o l i c y , i t o f f i c i a l l y d e n ie s any s p e c i a l i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f th e p r o f e s s o r w ith th e u n i v e r s i t y . I t a l s o le a v e s o u t o f a c c o u n t th e s p e c i a l problem s fa c e d by th e young f a c u l t y member as a m i d d l e - c l a s s p r o f e s s i o n a l w ith a l o w e r - c l a s s incom e. (9:245) In a r e c e n t s tu d y o f 112 u n i v e r s i t i e s c o n d u c te d by B a ly e a t f o r th e U n ite d S t a t e s D epartm ent o f H e a lth , E duca t i o n , and W e lf a r e , th e a u th o r i n d i c a t e d a h ig h p r o b a b i l i t y t h a t " d i f f e r e n c e s i n f r i n g e b e n e f i t s and r e s u l t i n g f a c u l t y s a t i s f a c t i o n d e r i v e d may be as g r e a t o r g r e a t e r th a n d i f f e r e n t i a l s i n s a l a r i e s " ( 4 : 7 ) . He f u r t h e r c o n c lu d e d t h a t "many o f t h e f a c t o r s c o u ld be im plem ented w ith o u t s u b s t a n t i a l o u t - o f - p o c k e t c o s t . . . ." ( 4 :1 ) . 7 When a n a ly z in g r e a s o n s f o r v a c a n c ie s on c o lle g e t e a c h i n g s t a f f s , Brown (6:28) found t h a t th e p r o b a b i l i t y f o r p r o f e s s o r X s w itc h in g em p lo y ers in any g iv e n y e a r was 14.1 p e r c e n t i f X was d i s s a t i s f i e d b u t o n ly 4 .3 p e r c e n t i f X was n o t d i s s a t i s f i e d . T h is f a c t i s u n d e rsc o re d by B alyeat who s a y s , " u n i v e r s i t i e s and c o l l e g e s which do n o t upgrade t h e i r f a c u l t y p e r s o n n e l p o l i c i e s and p r a c t i c e s . . . lo s e t h e i r f a c u l t i e s " ( 4 :3 ) . F u r t h e r , Caplow and McGee (9:245) h o ld t h a t f r i n g e b e n e f i t s a r e re m ark ab ly in e x p e n s iv e f o r th e i n s t i t u t i o n when compared t o t h e i r v alu e f o r th e f a c u l t y member in v o lv e d . R e s e a rc h e rs in th e a r e a o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s f o r c o l le g e f a c u l t y t y p i c a l l y p l a c e g r e a t v a lu e on them as do c o l le g e f a c u l t y th e m s e lv e s . In th e i n t e r e s t o f a s c e r t a i n i n g w h at p o l i c i e s and p r a c t i c e s e x i s t and w hat t h e a t t i t u d e o f t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r i s to w ard f r i n g e b e n e f i t s in t h a t s u b s e t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s o f h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n known as B ib le c o l l e g e s , t h i s s tu d y was u n d e r ta k e n . Pro ced u re To prom ote a th o ro u g h u n d e r s ta n d in g and d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e p ro b le m , a c a r e f u l re v ie w o f th e l i t e r a t u r e p e r t a i n in g t o f r i n g e b e n e f i t s was c o n d u c te d . From a s u rv e y o f th e l i t e r a t u r e and a c a r e f u l exam i n a t i o n o f t h e f in d i n g s o f e x i s t i n g r e s e a r c h i n th e a r e a , a s u rv e y in s tr u m e n t was p r e p a r e d . The su rv e y i n s t r u m e n t in c o r p o r a t e d a s e l e c t i o n o f f i f t e e n f r i n g e b e n e f i t s p a t t e r n e d a f t e r Ingraham (13) and F in d le y (11) . The i n s t r u ment was m a ile d t o t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o f f i c e r o f each o f th e f o r t y - s i x B ib le c o l l e g e s l o c a t e d i n t h e U n ited S t a t e s and l i s t e d in th e A c c r e d i t i n g A s s o c i a t i o n o f B ib le C o lle g e s D i r e c t o r y , 1969-70 (2 ). Only th o s e h a v in g th e s t a t u s o f " a c c r e d i t e d s c h o o ls " were used in th e s u rv e y . F o r t y - t h r e e o f th e f o r t y - s i x s c h o o ls re sp o n d e d , p r o v id in g a 9 3.5 p e r c e n t r e s p o n s e . P e r t i n e n t s e c t i o n s o f th e s u rv e y i n s tr u m e n t were a ls o s e n t t o a p a n e l o f e x p e r t s f o r t h e i r o p in io n s c o n c e rn in g f r i n g e b e n e f i t s . T a b u la ti o n , s t u d y , and a n a l y s i s o f th e d a t a fo llo w e d . The i n f o r m a tio n th u s o b t a i n e d r e s u l t e d in th e c o n c lu s io n s and recom m endations found i n th e l a s t c h a p te r . A ssum ptions The d e s ig n and im p o rta n c e o f th e s tu d y a re b a se d upon a number o f a s su m p tio n s. These a re as fo llo w s : 1. The c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o f f i c e r i n each c o l le g e i s i n th e b e s t p o s i t i o n to know c u r r e n t p r a c t i c e o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n r e l a t i v e t o f r i n g e b e n e f i t s and to r e n d e r th e b e s t judgm ent on t h e i r m e r its f o r h i s i n s t i t u t i o n . 2. The m o tiv a tio n o f f a c u l t y members who are t e a c h i n g i n B ib le c o l l e g e s i s e s s e n t i a l l y th e same as t h a t o f c o l l e g e f a c u l t y in g e n e r a l . 3. The f i f t e e n f r i n g e b e n e f i t a r e a s s e l e c t e d a re a d v an tag eo u s t o and n e e d - f u l f i l l i n g f o r f a c u l t y . 4. R esearch f in d in g s f o r f a c u l t y in one s t r a t u m o f e d u c a tio n a re a p p l i c a b l e to f a c u l t y in o t h e r s t r a t a i n s o f a r as f r i n g e b e n e f i t s a r e concerned. D e l i m i t a t i o n s The scope o f t h i s stu d y was d e l i m i t e d i n th e f o l low ing ways : 1. Only th o s e B ib le c o lle g e s i n t h e U n ite d S t a t e s w hich have t h e s t a t u s o f " a c c r e d i t e d sc h o o ls " w ith th e A c c r e d i t i n g A s s o c i a t i o n o f B ib le c o l le g e s were in c lu d e d i n th e s tu d y . 2. Of t h e numerous p o s s i b l e f r i n g e b e n e f i t s t o be found i n t h e l i t e r a t u r e on t h e s u b j e c t , only f i f t e e n o f th e more g e n e r a l l y found b e n e f i t s were i n v e s t i g a t e d . 3. V a r i a t i o n w i t h i n a g iv e n f r i n g e b e n e f i t a r e a , such as q u a l i t y and q u a n t i t y d i f f e r e n c e s , were n o t in c l u d e d i n th e s tu d y . D e f i n i t i o n s o f Terms F rin g e b e n e f i t s . —Those n o n s a la r y b e n e f i t s i n t e n d e d t o a i d f a c u l t y members by adding t o t h e i r econom ic w e l l b e i n g , s e c u r i t y , a n d / o r enhancem ent o f t h e i r w ork. 10 B ib le c o l l e g e . — A f o u r - y e a r d e g r e e - g r a n t i n g i n s t i t u t i o n s p e c i a l i z i n g i n u n d e rg ra d u a te v o c a t i o n a l and p r o f e s s i o n a l t r a i n i n g i n c h u r c h - r e l a t e d v o c a t i o n s . P a n e l o f e x p e r t s . — A group o f e i g h t men who have had e x t e n s i v e e x p e r ie n c e as c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s in B ib le c o l l e g e s b u t who a re n o t now so em ployed and a r e n o t , t h u s , in v o lv e d i n th e p o p u l a t i o n un d er i n v e s t i g a t i o n . C h ie f a d m i n i s t r a t o r . — The p r e s i d e n t o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n o r th e p e r s o n s e r v i n g i n t h a t c a p a c i t y . G eo g rap h ic r e g i o n s . — Four g e o g ra p h ic a r e a s o f th e U n ite d S t a t e s . A ll r e g i o n a l b o u n d a rie s fo llo w th o s e d e s ig n a t e d by th e v a r i o u s r e g i o n a l a c c r e d i t a t i o n a g e n c ie s . Region I i s a co m b in a tio n o f t h e p r e s e n t M iddle S t a t e s and th e Mew E n g lan d Region. Region I I i s i d e n t i c a l w ith th e N orth C e n t r a l R egion. Region I I I i s i d e n t i c a l w ith t h e S o u th ern Region. Region IV i s a c o m b in a tio n o f t h e N o rth w est and th e W estern R eg io n s. O r g a n iz a tio n o f th e Rem ainder o f th e Study S ix c h a p t e r s com prise th e re m a in d e r o f t h i s d i s s e r t a t i o n . C h a p te r I I i s a rev iew o f t h e l i t e r a t u r e , c o v e rin g p u b lis h e d and u n p u b lis h e d r e s e a r c h . The p r o c e d u re s used i n g a t h e r i n g in f o r m a tio n f o r th e s tu d y and f o r th e a n a ly z in g o f th e d a t a a re giv en i n C h a p te r I I I . C h a p te r IV c o n ta in s an a n a l y s i s o f th e in fo r m a tio n c o n ta in e d i n th e q u e s t i o n n a i r e . The p u rp o se i s t o d e s c r ib e c u r r e n t p r a c t i c e by B ib le c o lle g e s i n th e a r e a o f f r in g e b e n e f i t s . The f in d in g s r e l a t i n g t o th e a t t i t u d e s e x p r e s s e d by t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s , and by t h e p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s are r e p o r t e d in C h a p te r V. A d i s c u s s io n o f th e f in d in g s o f th e s t u d y , alo n g w ith a p p l i c a t i o n t o t h e f o r t y - t h r e e c o l l e g e s i n v e s t i g a t e d , i s c o n ta in e d i n C h a p te r VI. A summary, a lo n g w ith c o n c lu s io n s and recommenda t i o n s , co m p rises C h a p te r V II. CHAPTER I I REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE I n t r o d u c t i o n The problem o f t h i s r e s e a r c h was to d ete rm in e the e x t e n t t o which c e r t a i n s e l e c t e d f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n ed u ca t i o n a l i n s t i t u t i o n s have been i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o th e o p e ra t i o n s o f t h a t s u b s e t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s o f h i g h e r e d u c a tio n known as B ib le c o l l e g e s . S p e c i f i c a l l y , th e i n v e s t i g a t i o n p la n n e d t o a s c e r t a i n t o w hat e x t e n t c e r t a i n f r i n g e b e n e f i t s were in e x i s t e n c e in t h e s e i n s t i t u t i o n s ; how th e e x i s t e n c e o f th e s e b e n e f i t s compared t o w hat th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f t h e s e i n s t i t u t i o n s saw as d e s i r a b l e ; and how t h e s e f i n d in g s compared t o th e view o f a p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s as t o t h e d e s i r a b i l i t y o f t h e s e b e n e f i t s as an a i d i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y i n B ib le c o l l e g e s . To g a in a p e r s p e c t i v e o f th e p ro b lem and t o a s c e r t a i n what p r a c t i c e s and p ro c e d u re s have been fo llo w e d p e r t a i n i n g to f r i n g e b e n e f i t s in e d u c a tio n a t b o th th e c o l l e g i a t e and th e s u b - c o l l e g i a t e l e v e l , a rev iew o f p e r t i n e n t l i t e r a t u r e was u n d e rta k e n . Background F rin g e b e n e f i t s f o r th e American la b o r f o rc e a re a 12 p r o d u c t o f th e t w e n t i e t h c e n tu r y . W alker (27:53) t r a c e s f r i n g e b e n e f i t s in e d u c a tio n back to e a r l y s c a t t e r e d a t tem pts t o p r o v id e r e t i r e m e n t b e n e f i t s f o r t e a c h e r s . New York C ity t e a c h e r s founded a m utual a i d o r g a n i z a t i o n as e a r l y as 186 9. The modern t e a c h e r r e t i r e m e n t i d e a , a c c o rd in g t o W alker, o r i g i n a t e d i n 189 4 when th e New York l e g i s l a t u r e e n a c te d t e a c h e r p e n s io n l e g i s l a t i o n , and in 1896, when New J e r s e y e s t a b l i s h e d th e f i r s t s t a t e w ide t e a c h e r r e t ir e m e n t p la n . F in d le y w r i t i n g i n 196 7 p o i n t s o u t t h a t , A lthough some form o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s has e x i s t e d in b u s i n e s s , e d u c a t i o n , and governm ent s in c e th e t u r n of th e c e n tu r y , i t h as been o nly in th e l a s t 20 y e a r s t h a t th e y have come t o h o ld a p o s i t i o n o f prom inence in m ost wage n e g o t i a t i o n s . (11:4) Brown (5:73) say s t h a t f o r th e e n t i r e American la b o r f o r c e , f r i n g e b e n e f i t s have become i n c r e a s i n g l y im p o rta n t i n th e p a s t two d e c a d e s. The move tow ard f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i s a t t r i b u t e d by A lle n (3:106) t o a d e c is io n by th e War Labor R e la tio n s Board i n 19 43, whereby i t r u l e d t h a t f r i n g e b e n e f i t s w ere n o t t o be c o n s id e r e d as wage i n c r e a s e s . P r e v a le n c e o f R esearch R esearch i n t h e a r e a o f f r in g e b e n e f i t s in e d u c a t i o n i s s c a r c e . M cConnell s a y s , "we know l i t t l e a b o u t th e i n c e n t i v e s and rew ard s o t h e r th a n s a l a r y which a t t r a c t and h o ld f a c u l t y members" (2 0 :1 1 5 ). He a l s o sees th e p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t much o f th e t e n s i o n betw een f a c u l t y and a d m in is- 14 t r a t i o n , as w e l l as th e p r e s s f o r more f a c u l t y c o n t r o l may be sym ptom atic o f f a i l u r e t o rew ard s t a f f members i n term s o f t h e i r g o a l s , a s p i r a t i o n s , o r n e e d s . Kleinman s a y s , L i t t l e a t t e n t i o n h a s been g iv en i n e d u c a t i o n a l c i r c l e s t o th e l e v e l o f b e n e f i t s p r o v id e d f o r te a c h in g p e r s o n n e l . The in fo r m a tio n to be found on th e s u b j e c t i s s k e tc h y , b u t te n d s t o s u p p o r t th e c o n te n tio n t h a t b e n e f i t s to d ay have n o t k e p t p ace w ith th o s e found i n o th e r segments o f th e economy. (16:13) In an e x t e n s iv e s tu d y o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s in ed u c a t i o n done by B a ly e a t f o r th e U n ite d S t a t e s D epartm ent o f H e a lth , E d u c a tio n , and W e lf a re , th e a u th o r s t a t e s t h a t th e im p o rta n c e o f th e f u l f i l l m e n t o f e g o i s t i c needs f o r ed u ca t o r s has n o t been given th e a t t e n t i o n i t had i n b u s in e s s and i n d u s t r y . F or e v id e n c e , th e r e s e a r c h e r r e f e r s t o th e " p l e t h o r a o f books and a r t i c l e s r e l a t i n g t o th e b u s in e s s r e l a t i o n s a s p e c ts o f b u s in e s s and i n d u s t r y " (4:5) , b u t th e s c a r c i t y o f r e s e a r c h and p u b l i c a t i o n , and la c k o f c o r r e spo n d in g c o g n izan ce o f th e im p o rta n c e o f t h i s f a c t o r i n th e e d u c a t i o n a l m i l i e u . He s t a t e s " t h a t r e s e a r c h and l i t e r a t u r e s p e c i f i c a l l y r e l a t e d t o th e t o p i c o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n ed u c a t i o n i s v ery meager as w e l l as b e in g somewhat o u td a te d ( 4 :7 ) . W hile t h e r e i s a g e n e r a l p a u c i t y o f r e s e a r c h r e l a t in g to f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n e d u c a t i o n , such r e s e a r c h w ith r e f e r e n c e t o B ib le c o l l e g e s i s n o n e x i s t e n t . However, th e c r i t e r i a by which B ib le c o l l e g e s a re e v a l u a t e d f o r a c c r e d i - 15 t a t i o n w ith t h e A c c r e d i t i n g A s s o c ia tio n o f B ib le C o lle g e s g iv e s r e c o g n i t i o n t o f r i n g e b e n e f i t s by i n c l u d i n g th e q u e s t i o n , "What p r o v i s i o n f o r th e w e lf a r e o f f a c u l t y members does th e s c h o o l make in ' f r i n g e b e n e f i t s , ' such as h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , in s u r a n c e and r e t i r e m e n t p la n ? " ( 1 :1 4 ) . Viewpoints Concerning Fringe Benefits R esearch which has been done c o n c e rn in g f r i n g e bene f i t s i n g e n e r a l s u p p o rts th e p o s i t i o n t h a t f r i n g e b e n e f i t s a re m o rale b u i l d i n g (3 0 :6 6 ). This view i s s u p p o r te d by V i t e l e s (26:29 7 ). R e s e a rc h e rs a l s o s u p p o r t th e p o s i t i o n t h a t f r i n g e b e n e f i t s s e rv e a p o s i t i v e f u n c t io n as p a r t o f a c o l l e g e 's o v e r a l l p e r s o n n e l program . L i n d q u i s t e n c o u ra g e s d e l i b e r a t e a tte m p ts on th e p a r t o f th e c o l l e g e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n " t o make c irc u m s ta n c e s o f employment as a t t r a c t i v e as p o s s i b l e by means o f l i b e r a l f r i n g e b e n e f i t s and p l e a s a n t w ork in g c o n d itio n s " (1 7 :4 7 ). In lo o k in g a t f a c u l t y s a l a r y v i s - a - v i s f r i n g e b en e f i t s , Ingraham s a y s , Salary is a very good way to pay people. This is so obvious that any other mode needs justication. By means of salary the greatest degree of freedom is given the individual to use his compensation in the way he wishes. It maximizes liberty. . . . Yet salary alone seldom provides the most effective compensation. (13:3-4) Brown, however, in his analysis of the academic market, takes a somewhat cautious view and says, "Likewise, fringe benefits and opportunities for outside income are 16 e q u a l l y i n c o n s e q u e n t i a l a t b o th th e b e g in n in g and t h e f i n a l s t a t e s o f d e c i s io n making" (6 :1 6 2 ). In i n v e s t i g a t i n g c e r t a i n k in d s o f p e n s io n p l a n s and t h e i r i n f l u e n c e on f a c u l t y m o b i l i t y , L u rie found t h a t t h e r e was no d i f f e r e n c e i n f a c u l t y m o b i l i t y when c o n s id e r in g v e s te d v s. n o n v e s te d p e n s io n p la n s (18:224-2 37). Brown, how ever, c a u tio n s t h a t L u r ie s h o u ld have b a s e d h i s s tu d y on a c c e s s io n s ( i . e . , " h i r e d " ) ( 5 :7 5 ) . Thus, Brown somewhat q u e s ti o n s th e v a l i d i t y o f L u r i e ' s f i n d i n g s . Caplow and McGee i n t h e i r r e s e a r c h o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s in u n i v e r s i t i e s , found t h a t a t th e tim e o f t h e i r i n v e s t i g a t i o n none o f th e u n i v e r s i t i e s i n th e sam ple s t u d i e d p r o v id e d a l l th e b e n e f i t s w hich th e y had in c l u d e d f o r i n v e s t i g a t i o n . S peak in g t o th e p o i n t o f which b e n e f i t s o u g h t t o be p r o v id e d f o r f a c u l t y , th e y s a y , A minimum l i s t o f such b e n e f i t s ought t o i n c lu d e fa m ily m e d ic a l and h o s p i t a l i n s u r a n c e and a c c e s s t o campus m e d ic a l c e n t e r s ; u n r e s t r i c t e d use o f a t h l e t i c and r e c r e a t i o n a l f a c i l i t i e s ; a p erm an en t w a iv e r o f t u i t i o n f e e s f o r p r o f e s s o r s and members o f t h e i r im m ediate f a m i l i e s ; r e s e r v e d p a r k i n g on th e campus; a r e a s o n a b le r e t i r e m e n t p l a n , t o which th e b e n e f i c i a r y i s a llo w e d t o make e x t r a c o n t r i b u t i o n s ; m ortgage lo an s f o r th e f i n a n c in g o f p erm an en t h o u s in g ( t h i s enorm ously e f f e c t i v e m easure f o r h o l d i n g s t a f f n o t only c o s ts th e u n i v e r s i t y n o th in g b u t e a rn s a good r e t u r n on in v e s tm e n t f u n d s ) ; t r a v e l e x p e n se s t o m ajo r p r o f e s s i o n a l m e e tin g s ; and a w e l l - a p p o i n t e d and n o n e x c lu s iv e f a c u l t y c lu b . (9:246) W icke, a d d r e s s i n g h i m s e l f t o c o l l e g e t r u s t e e s , e n co u rag es c o l l e g e s t o p r o v i d e , by what he c a l l s 1 1 an o v e r - sim p le r u le o f thum b," paym ents o f no l e s s th a n 15 p e r c e n t o f t h e t e a c h e r 's s a l a r y to w ard p r o v id i n g r e t i r e m e n t b e n e - 17 f i t s ( 2 8 :4 8 ). Such p r o v i s i o n w ould p r o v id e a b e n e f i t upon r e t i r e m e n t o f 50 p e r c e n t o f to p s a l a r y f o r th e f a c u l t y mem b e r who has t h i r t y y e a r s o f t e a c h i n g t o h i s c r e d i t and who i s a t a median s a l a r y b r a c k e t . I d e a l l y , t h e s e c o n t r i b u t i o n s s h o u ld be made by th e i n s t i t u t i o n as p a r t o f o v e r a l l co m p en satio n . Caplow and McGee recommend t h a t 1 1 f r i n g e b e n e f i t s o f f a c u l t y employment be im proved and e x p a n d e d ," and c r i t i c i z e f r i n g e b e n e f i t s e x i s t i n g a t t h e tim e o f t h e i r s tu d y as b e in g " u n b e lie v a b ly s h o r t s ig h te d " (9 :2 4 5 ). Kleinman s e e s f r i n g e b e n e f i t program s i n governm ent and i n d u s t r y c o u p led w ith a r e l a t i v e d e c l i n e o f te a c h e r s a l a r i e s in com parison w ith th o s e o f w o rk ers i n o t h e r f ie ld s as c o n t r i b u t i n g to th e p ro b lem o f r e c r u i t i n g and r e t a i n i n g a b le t e a c h i n g p e r s o n n e l (1 6 :1 ). S e r b e in s a y s , "In most i n s t i t u t i o n s t h e r e seems t o be c o n s id e r a b l e room f o r im provem ent o f th e e x t e n t and q u a l i t y o f th e f r i n g e b e n e f i t s p ro v id e d " (2 3 :2 2 ) . B a ly e a t f l a t l y s t a t e s t h a t " u n i v e r s i t i e s and c o l l e g e s w hich do n o t upgrade t h e i r f a c u l t y p e r s o n n e l p o l i c i e s and p r a c t i c e s . . . lo s e t h e i r f a c u l t i e s " ( 4 :3 ) . M a rs h a ll p o i n t s o u t t h a t " e f f e c t i v e p e r s o n n e l p r a c t i c e s can do much t o reduce [ f a c u l t y ] tu r n o v e r " (1 9 :9 2 ). P erh ap s th e most s y s t e m a t i c a n a l y s i s o f f r i n g e b en e f i t s has been done by Greenough and King (12) . T h e ir work c o m p re h e n siv e ly d e s c r i b e s and a n a ly z e s th e v a r io u s ty p e s o f 18 in s u r a n c e and r e t i r e m e n t p la n s i n e f f e c t f o r c o lle g e f a c u l t y , how t o i n v e s t fu n d s, and w hat k in d and un d er w hat c o n d itio n s c e r t a i n in v e s tm e n ts s h o u ld be made. T h e ir work s e rv e s as a r e f e r e n c e , c o v e rin g th e many v a r i a b l e s o f i n - ' s u r a n c e , a n n u i t i e s , and r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s . Kleinman p o i n t s o u t t h a t t h e r e a re s e v e r a l advan ta g e s to be g a in e d i n p r o v id in g f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n a d d i t i o n t o o r in l i e u o f s a l a r y i n c r e a s e s : F i r s t , many b e n e f i t s a re n o t c l a s s i f i e d as e a r n e d income and t h e r e f o r e a re n o t s u b j e c t t o income t a x . Hence th e y i n c r e a s e any i n d i v i d u a l 's r e a l income above th e a c t u a l m onetary v a lu e o f th e b e n e f i t s p r o v id e d . Second, th ro u g h group p u rc h a se many b e n e f i t s may be o b ta in e d a t a much low er p e r c a p i t a c o s t than would be p o s s i b l e i f th e b e n e f i t s were o b ta in e d i n d i v i d u a l l y by s t a f f members. T h ir d , group p u rc h a se o f i n s u r a n c e b e n e f i t s p e r m its p e r s o n n e l who a re c o n s id e r e d p o o r in s u r a n c e r i s k s t o p a r t i c i p a t e in a p la n . F o u r th , o t h e r c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s o f em ployed p e r s o n n e l in o u r economy e a rn h i g h e r s a l a r i e s th a n do t e a c h e r s , and r e c e i v e econom ic b e n e f i t s b e s i d e s . From a c o m p e titiv e s t a n d p o i n t , t h e r e f o r e , s c h o o l p e r s o n n e l s h o u ld be f u r n i s h e d t h e s e b e n e f i t s , i f o nly b e c a u se o t h e r employed p e r s o n n e l r e c e i v e them. F i f t h , th e r e l a t i v e l y s m a ll sums o f money expended f o r s t a f f b e n e f i t s would a p p ear t o be a more s a t i s f a c t o r y i n v e s tm e n t, d o l l a r f o r d o l l a r , th a n s m a l l , com parable i n c r e a s e s in s a l a r y . . . . S i x t h , i n many c a s e s i t m ight be s im p le r and more ex p e d i e n t from a p u b l i c r e l a t i o n s s t a n d p o i n t t o expend funds f o r p r o v id in g b e n e f i t s r a t h e r than on r a i s i n g t h e s a l a r i e s o f p u b l i c s c h o o l p e r s o n n e l . . . . (16 :133-134) A f t e r h i s s tu d y o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n th e p r i v a t e j u n i o r c o lle g e s in th e U n ited S t a t e s , F in d le y e x p r e s s e d th e 19 o p in io n t h a t f r i n g e b e n e f i t s have re a c h e d th e p o i n t where th e y have t o be c o n s id e r e d when making a d e c i s io n t o e n t e r a p a r t i c u l a r p r o f e s s i o n o r e v e n , f o r t h a t m a t t e r , a p a r t i c u l a r p o s t w i t h i n t h a t p r o f e s s i o n (1 1 :5 ). M a r s h a l l 's view h e lp s t o p l a c e f r i n g e b e n e f i t s in p e r s p e c t i v e . He s a y s , "W hile f r i n g e b e n e f i t s a re u n l i k e l y by th e m se lv e s t o h o ld p e o p le in c o lle g e t e a c h i n g , th e y may a c t as r e i n f o r c i n g a g e n ts " (1 9 :1 1 0 ). In t h i s same v e i n , B a ly e a t sees t h e f a c u l t y s a l a r y sc h e d u le as s e r v i n g p r im a r i l y as a b ase o r f o u n d a tio n upon w h ich , t h e n , must "be e r e c t e d a sound and com p lete s t r u c t u r e o f f a c u l t y p e r s o n n e l p o l i c i e s , p r a c t i c e s , and p r o c e d u re s . . ." ( 4 :4 ) . R e f l e c t i n g t h e d i f f u s e n a t u r e o f w h at good p e r s o n n e l p r a c t i c e o u g h t t o b e , Brumbaugh comments, In a h i g h l y c o m p e titiv e s i t u a t i o n th e c o n d i t i o n s o f f a c u l t y s e r v i c e w i l l b e o f u tm o st im p o rta n c e . I t be hooves p r e s i d e n t s and d e a n s , t h e r e f o r e , to s tu d y t h e i r s a l a r y s c h e d u l e s , t e a c h i n g l o a d s , h o u sin g c o n d i t i o n s , p r o v is i o n s f o r l e a v e s , in s u r a n c e and r e t i r e m e n t p r o v i s i o n s , w ith a view o f c l a r i f y i n g p o l i c i e s and im p ro v in g th e s e p r a c t i c e s . (8:34) F a c u lty S a t i s f a c t i o n and F a c u lty M o b ility In th e r e s e a r c h done by B a ly e a t (4) f o r th e U n ited S t a t e s D epartm ent o f H e a lth , E d u c a tio n , and W e lfa re , he a t te m p te d t o a s c e r t a i n w h at d eg ree o f im p o rta n c e f a c u l t y mem b e r s th e m se lv e s w ould a s c r i b e t o giv en f r i n g e b e n e f i t s , and w hat d eg ree o f s a t i s f a c t i o n each o f th e s e b e n e f i t s h e ld f o r f a c u l t y . His s tu d y sam ple was composed o f 112 s e n i o r 20 c o l l e g e s and u n i v e r s i t i e s in t h e U nited S t a t e s . F i f t y - sev en d i f f e r e n t s a t i s f a c t i o n / d i s s a t i s f a c t i o n p ro d u c in g f a c t o r s were i n v e s t i g a t e d . As a b a s i c p r e m is e , he p o s t u l a t e d t h a t : Human b e h a v io r n e v e r o c c u rs by ch a n c e , i t i s always cau sed by th e combined i n f l u e n c e o f th e v a r io u s s t i m u l i ( i n f l u e n c e f a c t o r s ) which m o tiv a te an i n d i v i d u a l . The m o t i v a t i o n a l i n f l u e n c e . . . o f th e s e f a c t o r s r e s u l t from two c o n s i d e r a t i o n s ; (1) th e d e g ree o f s a t i s f a c t i o n / d i s s a t i s f a c t i o n an i n d i v i d u a l d e r iv e s o r b e l i e v e s he would d e r i v e from t h e f a c t o r , and (2) t h e r e l a t i v e im p o rta n c e o f t h a t f a c t o r t o him. (4:1) A f u l f i l l e d n e e d , B a ly e a t h o l d s , w i l l no lo n g e r be a m o ti v a t i o n a l i n f l u e n c e and w i l l th u s s e rv e t o re d u c e f a c u l t y tu r n o v e r . A ls o , f a c u l t y p la c e th em selv es i n th e m ark et b e cause o f d i s s a t i s f a c t i o n w ith a p r e s e n t s i t u a t i o n . S a t i s f a c t i o n s , h e f e e l s , come to t h e f a c u l t y member a t t h r e e l e v e l s ; th e econom ic, th e e g o i s t i c , and th e s o c i a l ( 4 :4 - 5 ) . A ll t h r e e a re im p o rta n t and m u st be r e c o g n iz e d in th e p e r s o n n e l p o l i c i e s o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n . Among th e m ajo r con c l u s i o n s o f B a l y e a t 1s r e s e a r c h was t h a t , The v a s t m a j o r i t y o f f a c u l t y t u r n o v e r r e s u l t s from a c u m u la tiv e d i s s a t i s f a c t i o n stemming from p o l i c i e s and p r a c t i c e s which do n o t m eet th e needs o f th o s e f a c u l t y r a t h e r th a n from o f f e r s o f more d e s i r a b l e p o s i t i o n s e ls e w h e r e . (4:40) The r e s u l t s o f th e r e s e a r c h , a c c o r d in g t o t h e r e s e a r c h e r , a l s o r e f u t e d two w id e ly h e ld a s su m p tio n s: (1) t h a t i n d i v i d u a l s p l a c e h i g h e r v a lu e on th o s e t h i n g s th e y do n o t have th a n on t h o s e t h i n g s th e y do h a v e , and, (2) t h a t c o r r e c t i n g a f a c t o r o r c o n d i t i o n w hich i s d i s s a t i s f y i n g w i l l n o t 21 n e c e s s a r i l y r e s u l t in s a t i s f a c t i o n s t o th e p e rso n in v o lv e d (4 :3 8 ). Of p a r t i c u l a r im p o rta n c e t o t h e c o lle g e a d m in is t r a t o r , was th e f i n d i n g t h a t o u t o f th e f i r s t n in e ite m s i n rank o r d e r o f t h e i r m o t i v a t i o n a l i n f l u e n c e , s i x c o u ld be im plem ented w i t h o u t s u b s t a n t i a l o u t - o f - p o c k e t c o s ts (4 :3 3 ). This view i s s u p p o rte d by Caplow and McGee who h o ld t h a t " f a c u l t y f r i n g e b e n e f i t s a re re m a rk a b ly in e x p e n s iv e f o r th e i n s t i t u t i o n which p r o v id e s them i n com parison t o t h e i r v alu e f o r th e r e c i p i e n t " (9 :2 4 5 ). Thus, th e im p le m e n ta tio n o f s a t i s f a c t i o n p ro d u c in g p e r s o n n e l p o l i c i e s w ould, on th e one hand and in numerous i n s t a n c e s , n o t bu rd en th e c o lle g e w ith e x c e s s i v e c o s ts and w ould, on th e o t h e r hand, te n d t o reduce f a c u l t y t u r n o v e r . M a rs h a ll a l s o m a in ta in s t h a t e f f e c t i v e p e r s o n n e l p r a c t i c e s can do much t o red u ce f a c u l t y t u r n o v e r (1 9 :9 2 ). Brown when a n a ly z in g re a s o n s f o r v a c a n c ie s on c o l le g e f a c u l t y s t a f f s , found t h a t th e p r o b a b i l i t y f o r p r o f e s s o r X s w itc h in g c o l l e g i a t e em ployers i n any giv en y e a r was 14.1 p e r c e n t i f X was d i s s a t i s f i e d , b u t o n ly 4 .3 p e r c e n t i f X was n o t d i s s a t i s f i e d (6 :2 8 ). He a l s o found t h a t 31 p e r c e n t o f f a c u l t y jo b changes d i d n o t r e s u l t i n s a l a r y i n c r e a s e s , w ith 16 p e r c e n t a c t u a l l y a c c e p tin g a d e c r e a s e in s a l a r y . With r e s p e c t t o ra n k , 72 p e r c e n t d id n o t i n c r e a s e t h e i r rank and 2 7 p e r c e n t a c c e p te d a p o s i t i o n o f lo w er rank (6:36) . The case for fiscal wisdom vis-a-vis a costly 22 f r i n g e b e n e f i t program f o r f a c u l t y i s made by Wicke: Every i n s t i t u t i o n m ust p r a c t i c e economy, o f c o u r s e . There i s no room f o r w a s te o f fu n d s, e i t h e r by d i f f u s io n o r c a r e l e s s n e s s . To do th e b e s t p o s s i b l e jo b w ith th e l i m i t e d funds a t t h e d i s p o s a l o f a c o lle g e o r u n i v e r s i t y , i t i s n e c e s s a r y t h a t e d u c a t i o n a l l y f i r s t th in g s be p u t f i r s t . F a c u l t y members m ust have s a l a r i e s t h a t g u a ra n te e d i g n i t y and s e c u r i t y . (28:49) However, Wicke does come t o a s o l i d d e fe n se o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s and p l a c e s on b o a rd s o f t r u s t e e s th e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r im p lem en tin g an a d e q u a te program (2 8 :4 9 -5 0 ). The a t t r a c t i o n w hich a g iv e n p o s i t i o n has f o r a g iv en p o t e n t i a l f a c u l t y member i s m ost l i k e l y a co m b in atio n o f a v a r i e t y o f f a c t o r s . To i s o l a t e th e v a r i a b l e o f f r in g e b e n e f i t s i n g e n e r a l o r a s p e c i f i c b e n e f i t i n p a r t i c u l a r f o r stu d y so as t o be " u n t a i n t e d " by o t h e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n s i s l i k e l y im p o s s ib le . Logan W ilson lo o k s a t th e i n s t i t u t i o n as a whole i n h i s a n a l y s i s and s a y s , "On t h e w h o le, th e more m ediocre t h e u n i v e r s i t y , th e h i g h e r t h e an n u al t u r n o v er o f s t a f f " (2 9 :5 9 ). Brown l i k e w i s e sa y s t h a t " th e g r e a t e s t s t a f f i n g problem s a re in th e p o o r e s t [in q u a l i t y ] s c h o o ls " ( 5 : v i i i ) . The p a r t i c u l a r r e l a t i o n s h i p which e x i s t s betw een a "m ediocre" c o l l e g e and th e i n c id e n c e o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s has n o t b een r e s e a r c h e d . Doctoral Studies Concerning Fringe Benefits A number o f r e c e n t d o c t o r a l s t u d i e s have i n v e s t i g a te d th e m a t t e r o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n e d u c a tio n . Brown (7) i n a 196 4 s tu d y o f non-w age paym ents to te a c h e r s (non 23 c o lle g e le v e l ) i n C o lo ra d o , so u g h t t o p r o v id e a comprehen s iv e r e p o r t o f non-wage payments and p r a c t i c e s i n C olorado s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s and t o m easure th e su p p lem en t t o s a l a r i e s w hich such paym ents r e p r e s e n t e d . I t was a l s o hoped t h a t new i n s i g h t s would be g a in e d i n t o f a c t o r s which in f l u e n c e t o t a l t e a c h e r com pensation and th e d eg re e t o w hich non-wage paym ents f u r n i s h e x t r a re m u n e ra tio n t o t e a c h e r s and r e p r e s e n t i n c r e a s e d e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r t e a c h e r com p en satio n to d i s t r i c t s . The r e s e a r c h e r found t h a t p e r s o n n e l p o l i c i e s r e l a t in g t o non-wage paym ents and th e e x p e n d i t u r e s w hich th e y r e p r e s e n t may be e x p e c te d t o v ary c o n s id e r a b l y . A more c o n s i s t e n t r e l a t i o n s h i p was found t o e x i s t betw een non-wage paym ents and d i s t r i c t c h a r a c t e r a r i s i n g from th e d eg ree o f u r b a n i z a t i o n o f th e community th a n betw een non-wage p ay ments and th e d i s t r i c t s i z e as d e f i n e d i n term s o f s c h o o l p o p u l a t i o n . I t was c o n c lu d e d t h a t th e c o n c e p t o f non-wage paym ents i n c l u d e s b o th s o c i a l and econom ic c o n s i d e r a t i o n s , th e fo rm er d e a l i n g w ith th e p u rp o se s o f such paym ents and t h e l a t t e r th e p r a c t i c e s . A n o th er C olorado s tu d y , done by M i l l e r (21) in 1967, s o u g h t t o a n a ly z e and compare th e f r i n g e b e n e f i t s p r o v id e d t e a c h e r s in t h e S t a t e o f C olorado w ith th o s e o f s a l a r i e d em ployees o f s e l e c t e d b u s i n e s s e s , i n d u s t r i e s , and s t a t e and f e d e r a l governm ent in th e S t a t e o f C o lo rad o . 24 D ata f o r t h e s tu d y were o b ta in e d th ro u g h th e use o f g o v ern ment docum ents, q u e s t i o n n a i r e s , and i n t e r v i e w s . The d a t a r e v e a l e d t h a t th e s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s o f C olorado were g e n e r a l l y f a r b e h in d o t h e r em ployer groups i n p r o v id in g f r i n g e b e n e f i t p ro g ra m s, and t h a t f r i n g e b e n e f i t s as a r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n i n c e n t i v e w ere used to a very l i m i t e d d e g re e . C o n tr ib u to ry p r a c t i c e s o f p r i v a t e em ployers and governm ent a g e n c ie s e x ceed ed th o s e o f th e s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s o f C o lo rad o . A 1967 s tu d y done by Smart ( 2 4 ), in v o l v i n g M isso u ri s c h o o ls , a tte m p te d t o a s c e r t a i n th e s t a f f w e l f a r e p o l i c i e s and p r a c t i c e s t h a t e x i s t e d i n M is so u ri s c h o o ls , and t o p r e s e n t a p i c t u r e o f s c h o o l s t a f f b e h a v io r in r e l a t i o n s h i p t o th o s e w e l f a r e p o l i c i e s and p r a c t i c e s as r e p o r t e d by th e s u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f s c h o o ls . I t was found t h a t most M isso u ri sc h o o ls te n d to f u n c t io n i n an in f o r m a l manner w ith r e s p e c t to s t a f f w e l f a r e b e n e f i t s w ith p r o v i s i o n s f o r most b e n e f i t s e x i s t i n g i n u n w r itte n form. The v a r io u s c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s o f such s c h o o ls i n th e s tu d y v a r i e d i n th e number and ty p e s o f s t a f f w e lf a r e b e n e f i t s p r o v id e d . There w as, how ever, an i n c r e a s i n g r e c o g n i t i o n o f t h e im p o rta n c e o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s f o r harm onious and e f f e c t i v e s c h o o l f u n c t io n i n g . R o b erts (2 2 ), i n v e s t i g a t i n g f r i n g e b e n e f i t s in pub l i c j u n i o r c o l l e g e s i n t h e U n ite d S t a t e s , found t h a t each o f t h e f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n v e s t i g a t e d was i n e x i s t e n c e i n a t l e a s t one j u n i o r c o l l e g e . One group o f b e n e f i t s a p p e a re d w ith r e g u l a r fre q u e n c y (90% o r more) th ro u g h o u t th e r e 25 s p o n se s . T h is group o f b e n e f i t s in c lu d e d a r e t i r e m e n t p r o gram, a h e a l t h i n s u r a n c e p ro g ram , f a c u l t y t r a v e l e x p e n se , s i c k le a v e , s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e , and m ajor m e d ic a l i n s u ra n c e . One group o f b e n e f i t s e x i s t e d i n a m a j o r i t y (52% t o 77%) o f a l l j u n i o r c o l l e g e s t h a t p r o v id e d i n f o r m a tio n . These b e n e f i t s , in d e s c e n d in g o r d e r o f t h e i r fre q u e n c y , were f a c u l t y p a r k i n g , s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , le a v e s w ith o u t p ay , l i f e i n s u r a n c e , and le a v e s w ith p a y . One group o f b e n e f i t s was found t o e x i s t i n only a few j u n i o r c o l l e g e s . None o f t h e s e b e n e f i t s a p p e a re d in more th a n 35 p e r c e n t o f th e j u n i o r c o l l e g e s , and one a p p e a re d i n l e s s th an 1 p e r c e n t . This group o f b e n e f i t s i n c lu d e d a f a c u l t y club (34.4% ), p u rc h a se s th ro u g h t h e c o lle g e (20.6% ), f a c u l t y members' i f a m i l i e s ' e d u c a tio n (15.9% ), f a c u l t y h o u sin g (9.5% ), r e t i r e d f a c u l t y b e n e f i t s (3.3% ), moving expenses (3.1% ), p e r s o n a l lo a n s (2.1% ), and m ortgage lo a n s (.08%). The s i z e o f th e j u n i o r c o l l e g e was r e l a t e d t o th e e x i s t e n c e o f only a few b e n e f i t s . Those found more o f te n in t h e l a r g e r i n s t i t u t i o n s th a n i n th e s m a lle r ones were le a v e s w ith p a y , f a c u l t y p a r k i n g , and a f a c u l t y c lu b . S o c i a l s e c u r i t y was found more o f t e n i n th e s m a l l e r j u n i o r c o l l e g e s th a n i n th e l a r g e r o n e s . The fre q u e n c y o f e x i s t e n c e o f th e m a jo r ity o f th e f r i n g e b e n e f i t s was n o t r e l a t e d to th e l o c a t i o n o f th e j u n i o r c o l l e g e s , w i t h th e e x c e p tio n t h a t s o c i a l s e c u r i t y was found more o f te n i n th e M iddle S t a t e s and N o rth w est 26 r e g i o n s ; l e a v e s w ith pay w ere found more o f t e n i n th e W est e r n , N o rth w e st, and N o r th e a s t r e g i o n s ; a f a c u l t y club was found more o f te n i n th e W estern r e g io n ; and a l i f e i n s u r ance program was found more o f te n in th e N o r t h e a s t r e g io n . There was no d i s c e r n i b l e p a t t e r n betw een th e age o f th e j u n i o r c o lle g e and th e fre q u e n c y o f e x i s t e n c e o f th e b e n e f i t s . In com paring h i s f in d in g s w ith t h o s e o f Ingraham (1 3 ), R o b e rts c o n c lu d e d t h a t th e f r in g e b e n e f i t s i n v e s t i g a te d e x i s t e d w ith a p p ro x im a te ly th e same fre q u e n c y in th e j u n i o r c o l l e g e s and i n th e s e n i o r c o l l e g e s and u n i v e r s i t i e s a t t h e tim e o f In g ra h a m 's s tu d y . In a s tu d y p a r a l l e l i n g R o b e r ts , F in d le y (11) i n v e s t i g a t e d f r i n g e b e n e f i t s in p r i v a t e j u n i o r c o l l e g e s i n the U n ite d S t a t e s . He found t h a t some f r i n g e b e n e f i t s were o f f e r e d by a l l th e p r i v a t e j u n i o r c o l l e g e s t h a t p a r t i c i p a t e d in t h e s tu d y . F rin g e b e n e f i t s w ere found t o be more p r e v a l e n t i n t h e l a r g e r , o l d e r , in d e p e n d e n t i n s t i t u t i o n s l o c a t e d in t h e New E ngland r e g i o n , and l e a s t p r e v a l e n t i n th e s m a l l e r , y o u n g e r, C a t h o l i c i n s t i t u t i o n s i n th e M iddle S t a t e s and i n th e N o rth C e n tr a l r e g io n s . In com parison w ith s e n i o r i n s t i t u t i o n s , p r i v a t e j u n i o r c o l l e g e s a p p e a re d l e s s l i k e l y to o f f e r f r i n g e b e n e f i t s in r e t i r e m e n t , le a v e w ith p a y , le a v e w i t h o u t p a y , p e r s o n a l lo a n , f a c u l t y c l u b , and on-campus h e a l t h f a c i l i t i e s th a n d id s e n i o r i n s t i t u t i o n s . 27 P r i v a t e j u n i o r c o l l e g e s were e q u a l l y as l i k e l y to o f f e r h e a l t h i n s u r a n c e , t r a v e l reim b u rsem en t, r e s e r v e d p a r k in g , f a c u l t y fa m ily e d u c a t i o n , h o u s in g , d is c o u n t p u r c h a s e s , r e c r e a t i o n a l f a c i l i t i e s , and s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e , as were s e n i o r i n s t i t u t i o n s . P r i v a t e j u n i o r c o l l e g e s were more l i k e l y t o o f f e r l i f e i n s u r a n c e and s i c k le a v e b e n e f i t s , th a n were s e n i o r i n s t i t u t i o n s . Summary I t was th e p u rp o se o f t h i s c h a p te r t o p r e s e n t an overview o f th e l i t e r a t u r e on f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n e d u c a tio n . This l i t e r a t u r e makes s u g g e s tio n s which may be summarized as fo llo w s : 1. R esearch on f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n e d u c a tio n i s q u i t e l i m i t e d . Much o f what does e x i s t d e a l s , f o r th e m ost p a r t , w ith c e r t a i n s p e c i f i c b en e f i t s r a t h e r th a n w ith a program o f b e n e f i t s as a w h o le. With r e f e r e n c e to f r i n g e b e n e f i t s in B ib le c o l l e g e s , r e s e a r c h o f any k in d i s non e x i s t e n t . 2. R e s e a rc h e rs g e n e r a l l y a g re e t h a t f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n e d u c a tio n have la g g e d b e h in d th o s e in b u s in e s s and i n d u s t r y . The ad v a n ta g e s which a c c ru e t o c o l l e g e s v i a a f r i n g e b e n e f i t program o utw eigh th e c o s t t o th e c o l l e g e , e s p e c i a l l y when many o f th e f r i n g e b e n e f i t s can be im p le mented w ith n e g l i g i b l e c o s t t o th e i n s t i t u t i o n . F rin g e b e n e f i t s a re s a t i s f y i n g t o f a c u l t y . R esearch s u p p o r ts t h e p o s i t i o n t h a t s a t i s f i e d f a c u l t y a re l e s s m ob ile th a n d i s s a t i s f i e d o n es. C au tio n must be e x e r c i s e d , how ever, so as n o t t o a s c r i b e t o f r i n g e b e n e f i t s alo n e th e s a t i s f a c t i o n / d i s s a t i s f a c t i o n syndrome which may e x i s t a t any g iv e n c o l l e g e . A number o f d o c t o r a l s t u d i e s have been done c o n c e rn in g f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n e d u c a tio n . The r e s u l t s o f th o s e s t u d i e s te n d t o s u p p o r t th e f in d in g s o f r e s e a r c h i n o t h e r q u a r t e r s . CHAPTER III THE RESEARCH PROCEDURE The p r o c e d u re f o r o r g a n i z i n g and im p le m e n tin g t h i s s tu d y o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s in th o s e B ib le c o l l e g e s i n th e U n ited S t a t e s a c c r e d i t e d w ith th e A c c r e d i t i n g A s s o c i a t i o n o f B ib le C o l l e g e s , i n c l u d e d t h e s e s t e p s : (1) d e l i n e a t i n g th e a r e a o f s t u d y , (2) s e a r c h i n g th e l i t e r a t u r e , (3) d e v e l oping and c i r c u l a t i n g th e q u e s t i o n n a i r e , (4) r e p o r t i n g and a n a ly z in g t h e f i n d i n g s , and (5) o r g a n iz in g th e c o n c lu s io n s These p r o c e d u r e s a r e d i s c u s s e d in t h i s c h a p te r . D e l i n e a t i n g th e A rea o f Study The s tu d y was c o n c e rn e d w ith f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n t h a t s u b s e t o f f o u r y e a r c o l l e g i a t e i n s t i t u t i o n s known as B ib le c o l l e g e s . The s tu d y was l i m i t e d to th o s e B ib le c o l l e g e s i n t h e U n ited S t a t e s h a v in g th e s t a t u s o f " a c c r e d i t e d i n s t i t u t i o n s " w ith t h e A c c r e d i t i n g A s s o c i a t i o n o f B ib le C o lle g e s (AABC) w ith h e a d q u a r t e r s in Wheaton, I l l i n o i s . The co m plete r o s t e r o f B ib le c o l l e g e s h a v in g some form o f r e c o g n i t i o n w ith AABC was o b t a i n e d from t h e Pi re c- t o r y , 1969-70 (2) , p u b l i s h e d by AABC. From t h i s l i s t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s , f o r t y - s i x met th e c r i t e r i a f o r i n c l u s i o n 29 30 in t h e s tu d y . A l e t t e r was w r i t t e n t o th e e x e c u tiv e s e c r e t a r y o f AABC, e x p l a i n i n g th e i n t e n t o f th e r e s e a r c h , and r e q u e s t i n g h i s en d o rse m e n t. A r e p ly from th e e x e c u tiv e s e c r e t a r y g r a n te d en d o rse m e n t and encouragem ent f o r th e s t u d y . S e a rc h in g th e L i t e r a t u r e The l i t e r a t u r e was s e a rc h e d f o r th e p u rp o se o f de v e lo p in g a th o ro u g h u n d e r s ta n d in g o f p r a c t i c e s p e r t a i n i n g to f a c u l t y f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n , t o sh a rp e n th e g o a ls o f t h e r e s e a r c h , and t o a s c e r t a i n p r e v i o u s l y used methods and p r o c e d u re s . The s e a r c h f o r p e r t i n e n t l i t e r a t u r e encom passed th e r e s o u r c e s a f f o r d e d by th e E d u c a tio n I n d e x , th e s e r v i c e o f E d u c a tio n a l R eso u rces In fo r m a tio n C e n te r (ERIC) , D i s s e r t a t i o n A b s t r a c t s , th e s e r v i c e s o f U n i v e r s i t y M ic ro film s ; Re view o f E d u c a tio n a l R e s e a r c h , R esearch S tu d ie s i n E d u c a tio n , as w e l l as an i n v e s t i g a t i o n o f r e s e a r c h done under th e a u s p ic ie s o f th e A c c r e d i t i n g A s s o c i a t i o n o f B ib le C o lle g e s , t o d e te rm in e th e s t a t u s o f r e s e a r c h in t h i s a r e a . The s e a rc h soon r e v e a l e d t h a t l i t t l e p u b l i s h e d ma t e r i a l was a v a i l a b l e w ith r e f e r e n c e t o f a c u l t y f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n g e n e r a l , and none w h a ts o e v e r w ith r e f e r e n c e to f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n B ib le c o l l e g e s . D o c to ra l s t u d i e s o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n h i g h e r e d u c a tio n were few in number. F in d le y (11) s t u d i e d f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n p r i v a t e j u n i o r 31 c o lle g e s i n t h e U n ite d S t a t e s , and compared h i s f in d in g s w ith th e work o f Ingraham (13) , who r e s e a r c h e d faculty- f r i n g e b e n e f i t s in s e n i o r l i b e r a l a r t s i n s t i t u t i o n s . Rob e r t s (22) e s s e n t i a l l y r e p l i c a t e d F i n d l e y 's work and used th e p u b l i c j u n i o r c o l l e g e s in th e U n ite d S t a t e s as h i s sam p l e . O th e r d o c t o r a l s t u d i e s done by Smart (2 4 ), Brown (7 ), M i l l e r (21) , and Walker (2 7) i n v e s t i g a t e d v a rio u s a s p e c ts o f f a c u l t y f r i n g e b e n e f i t s below th e c o l l e g i a t e l e v e l . The r e s e a r c h by B a ly e a t (4 ), under th e a u s p ic e s o f th e U n ited S t a t e s D epartm ent of H e a lth , E d u c a tio n , and Wel f a r e , r e l a t i v e t o f a c u l t y " s a t i s f i e r s " and " d i s s a t i s f i e r s ," was h e l p f u l as an a id i n d e l i n e a t i n g th o s e b e n e f i t a re a s which h e l d th e m ost p ro m ise f o r m e a n in g fu l r e s e a r c h . D eveloping and C i r c u l a t i n g th e Q u e s tio n n a ir e From a s tu d y o f th e l i t e r a t u r e and th e a u t h o r 's e x p e r i e n c e in B ib le c o lle g e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , a l i s t o f f i f t e e n f r i n g e b e n e f i t a re a s were i s o l a t e d . T h is l i s t was compared t o th o s e d e v e lo p e d by o t h e r r e s e a r c h e s , and a f t e r r e f i n e m ent, c o n s t r u c t i o n o f th e q u e s t i o n n a i r e was begun. F i n a l c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e r e s e a r c h i n s t r u m e n t p r e s e n t e d some problem s in t h a t a v a i l a b l e models were le n g th y and more a l l - i n c l u s i v e and d i a g n o s t i c th a n was t h e d e s ig n and p u r pose o f t h i s r e s e a r c h . However, from a v a i l a b l e m o d els, a fo u r page r e s e a r c h in s tr u m e n t was c o n s t r u c t e d as shown in Appendix A. Inasmuch as t h e model in s tr u m e n t had been 32 f i e l d t e s t e d i n o t h e r e x t e n s iv e r e s e a r c h , i t was f e l t t h a t f i e l d t e s t i n g o f t h i s i n s t r u m e n t was u n n e c e s s a ry . I t was d e te rm in e d in t h i s r e s e a r c h , and th u s in th e s t r u c t u r e and c o n s t r u c t i o n o f th e r e s e a r c h i n s t r u m e n t , n o t to i n v e s t i g a t e th e v a r i a t i o n s o f s t r u c t u r e , p r o c e d u r e , o r modus o p e ra n d i w i t h i n t h e f i f t e e n s e l e c t e d f r i n g e b e n e f i t a r e a s , b u t r a t h e r t o a s c e r t a i n more o f w h at was t h e r e by c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a c c o r d in g t o f r i n g e b e n e f i t a r e a s r a t h e r th an how much o f what was t h e r e . T h is p ro c e d u re was d e c id e d upon s in c e no p u b lis h e d r e s e a r c h o f any k in d c o u ld be found p e r t a i n i n g t o f r i n g e b e n e f i t s in B ib le c o l l e g e s . The r e s e a r c h i n s t r u m e n t was th u s d e s ig n e d t o d e t e r mine w h e th e r a s p e c i f i e d f r i n g e b e n e f i t e x i s t e d , how long i t had e x i s t e d , and w hat f u t u r e p la n s were b e in g made f o r im p le m e n ta tio n where i t d id n o t e x i s t . These p o i n t s were a l s o r e l a t e d t o t h e s i z e of th e i n s t i t u t i o n as r e f l e c t e d in f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o l lm e n t , and th e g e o g ra p h ic l o c a t i o n o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n . A ls o , s in c e f a c u l t y te a c h i n g lo a d as r e f l e c t e d in s e m e s te r h o u rs o f i n s t r u c t i o n was c o n s id e r e d a v i t a l a s p e c t o f f a c u l t y w e l f a r e , a q u e s ti o n r e l a t i n g t o t h i s a r e a was i n c l u d e d i n th e s tu d y . S e c o n d ly , t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r was ask ed t o e v a l u a t e each f r i n g e b e n e f i t in th e s tu d y and i n d i c a t e h i s p e r c e p t i o n o f i t s d e g re e o f d e s i r a b i l i t y as an a id t o him in th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y f o r h i s i n s t i t u t i o n . The q u e s t i o n n a i r e and c o v e rin g l e t t e r , A ppendix B, 33 were m a ile d a lo n g w ith a s e l f - a d d r e s s e d stam ped en v e lo p e t o th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n s in c l u d e d in th e s tu d y on J u ly 20, 1971. Response t o th e i n i t i a l m a ilin g was prompt and very good. Out of f o r t y - s i x i n s t i t u t i o n s m eetin g th e c r i t e r i a f o r i n c l u s i o n i n th e s tu d y , t h i r t y - e i g h t (82.6%) responded t o th e i n i t i a l r e q u e s t . A fo llo w -u p l e t t e r m a ile d s e v e r a l weeks l a t e r b r o u g h t an a d d i t i o n a l f iv e r e s p o n s e s ; a t o t a l o f f o r t y - t h r e e o u t o f f o r t y - s i x making a 93.5 p e r c e n t r e s p o n se . One re s p o n s e was r e t u r n e d to o l a t e f o r i n c l u s i o n i n th e s tu d y , and two d id n o t re sp o n d . A third aspect of the research involved sending a portion of the survey instrument as shown in Appendix C to a panel of independent experts listed in Appendix E along with a cover letter of explanation, shown in Appendix D. The in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s w ere ask ed t o i n d i c a t e t h e i r o p in io n as t o the' d e g re e o f d e s i r a b i l i t y a g iv en b e n e f i t would h o ld f o r them i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . The d e s i r a b i l i t y l e v e l ra n g e d from " n o t n e c e s s a r y " t o "very d e s i r a b l e . " Wine in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s w ere s e l e c t e d , and th e i n s t r u m e n t , a lo n g w ith a s e l f - a d d r e s s e d stam ped e n v e lo p e , was s e n t t o them on O c to b e r 12, 1971. Of th e n in e in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s , e i g h t (88.9%) resp o n d ed im m e d ia te ly . The f i n a l re sp o n d e n t r e p l i e d too l a t e t o be in c lu d e d i n the s tu d y . 34 R e p o rtin g and A n aly zin g th e F in d in g s th e Q u e s tio n n a ir e The d a ta r e t u r n e d by t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e were ta b u l a t e d on m a s te r s h e e t s by s i z e o f i n s t i t u t i o n as r e f l e c t e d in f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o l lm e n t , by g e o g ra p h ic r e g i o n , and by age o f t h e i n s t i t u t i o n . E n ro llm e n t c a t e g o r i e s n a t u r a l l y f e l l i n t o t h r e e i n s t i t u t i o n a l s i z e groups w ith f o u r te e n i n s t i t u t i o n s i n th e 1-2 49 f u l l - t i m e s tu d e n t e n r o llm e n t c a t e gory, f i f t e e n i n s t i t u t i o n s in t h e 250-499 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t c a t e g o r y , and f o u r t e e n i n s t i t u t i o n s i n th e 500 and o v e r f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t c a te g o r y . The s m a l l e s t r e s p o n d in g i n s t i t u t i o n had a f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o l l ment o f 91, and t h e l a r g e s t i n s t i t u t i o n had a f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t o f 1,5 7 1 . By g e o g ra p h ic r e g io n , t h e re sp o n d in g i n s t i t u t i o n s were d iv i d e d i n t o f o u r g ro u p s. Because o f t h e s m a ll number o f i n s t i t u t i o n s in th e M iddle S t a t e s and i n t h e New E ngland A c c r e d i t a t i o n R eg io n s, th e s e two were combined and d e s ig n a t e d Region I . Region I I rem ained th e N orth C e n t r a l Ac c r e d i t a t i o n R eg io n , and Region I I I rem ained th e S o u th ern A c c r e d i t a t i o n R egion. A gain, b e c a u s e o f t h e s m a ll number o f i n s t i t u t i o n s in th e N o rth w e st and W estern A c c r e d i t a t i o n R e g io n s , th e s e two were combined and d e s ig n a te d Region IV. From th e d a t a on th e m a s te r t a b u l a t i o n s h e e t s , w orking s h e e t s were p r e p a re d showing t o t a l numbers o f r e sp o n d e n ts and p e r c e n ta g e i n e a c h v a r i a b l e i n v e s t i g a t e d . 35 From t h e s e , t h e f in d in g s w ere r e p o r t e d . In th e e f f o r t to p r e s e n t as c l e a r l y as p o s s i b l e th e s t a t i s t i c a l in fo r m a tio n on th e f i f t e e n f r i n g e b e n e f i t a r e a s , a l a r g e number o f t a b l e s were r e q u i r e d . These were d i s t r i b u t e d th ro u g h o u t th e body o f t h e t e x t so as t o add th e g r e a t e s t c l a r i t y to th e d e s c r i p t i v e d a t a . O rg a n iz in g th e C o n c lu sio n s Based upon t h e f in d i n g s o f th e s tu d y , c o n c lu s io n s were drawn r e l a t i v e t o : t h e e x i s t e n c e o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n B ib le c o l l e g e s , t h e p e r c e i v e d im p o rta n c e o f th e v a r io u s b e n e f i t s as e x p r e s s e d by t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s in r e l a t i o n s h i p t o th e e x i s t e n c e o f t h e s e b e n e f i t s in t h e i r i n s t i t u t i o n s , and th e o p in io n o f a p a n e l o f e x p e r t s c o n c e rn in g th e d e s i r a b i l i t y o f t h e v a r i o u s f r i n g e b e n f i t s in r e l a t i o n s h i p t o th e o p in io n o f t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s . These c o n c lu s io n s and th e recom m endations formu l a t e d from them a re p r e s e n t e d in C h a p te r V II. Summary This c h a p te r on p r o c e d u re s has o u t l i n e d the ta s k s p erfo rm ed in th e s tu d y . A q u e s t i o n n a i r e was d e s ig n e d , d i s t r i b u t e d , and th e r e s u l t s a n a ly z e d . E x p la n a to ry d a t a p a r a l l e l i n g t e x t u a l d e s c r i p t i o n was p r e s e n t e d in a s e r i e s o f t a b l e s d i s t r i b u t e d th ro u g h o u t t h e body o f th e t e x t . From t h e f in d in g s i n th e s t u d y , c o n c lu s io n s and recommenda t i o n s were drawn. CHAPTER IV FINDINGS RELATED TO SELECTED FACULTY FRINGE BENEFITS IN BIBLE COLLEGES The study was conducted to determine the existence and extent of selected faculty fringe benefits in that sub set of specialized four-year institutions known as Bible colleges. The investigation sought to determine to what extent certain fringe benefits were present, and the varia tions by full-time enrollment, geographic region, and age of the institution. It also sought to determine how the chief administrators felt concerning the desirability of fringe benefits as an aid in the recruitment and retention of faculty, and to compare their views to those of a panel of independent experts. A l l B ib le c o l l e g e s i n th e U n ite d S t a t e s h a v in g ac c r e d i t a t i o n w ith th e A c c r e d i t i n g A s s o c i a t i o n o f B ib le Col le g e s as l i s t e d i n th e a s s o c i a t i o n 's D i r e c t o r y , 1969-70 (2), were in c l u d e d in th e s tu d y . A t o t a l o f f o r t y - s i x c o l l e g e s met th e c r i t e r i a . F o r t y - t h r e e (93.4%) i n s t i t u t i o n s com p l e t e d and r e t u r n e d q u e s t i o n n a i r e s . Most o f th e r e t u r n s were co m plete w ith r e f e r e n c e t o th e c e n t r a l q u e s ti o n i n 36 37 each f r i n g e b e n e f i t a r e a . However, th e q u e s ti o n s which d e a l t w ith d a te s w ere o f t e n l e f t b la n k . The f o r t y - t h r e e i n s t i t u t i o n s which p a r t i c i p a t e d in th e s tu d y w ere d i s p e r s e d th ro u g h o u t th e U n ite d S t a t e s . Each o f th e s i x a c c r e d i t a t i o n r e g io n s was r e p r e s e n t e d , a l though th e New England Region c o n ta in e d only one i n s t i t u t i o n o f t h i s t y p e . Because o f th e sm a ll number o f i n s t i t u t i o n s in some r e g i o n s , and t h e i r s m a l l e r c o m p a ra tiv e g eo g r a p h ic s i z e , th e New E ngland and M iddle S t a t e s Regions were combined and th e W estern and N o rth w est R egions were combined. The s i z e o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n s as r e f l e c t e d in f u l l tim e s tu d e n t e n r o llm e n ts ra n g e d from a low o f 91 t o a h ig h of 1 ,5 71. I n s t i t u t i o n s were d iv id e d i n t o t h r e e groups o f a lm o st e q u a l numbers as shown i n T able 1. Group I i n c lu d e d th o s e i n s t i t u t i o n s h a v in g a f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t t o and i n c l u d i n g 249; Group I I i n c lu d e d th o s e i n s t i t u t i o n s h a v in g an e n r o llm e n t o f 250 t o and i n c l u d i n g 499; and Group I I I in c lu d e d th o s e i n s t i t u t i o n s h a v in g an e n r o l lm e n t o f 500 o r more. The d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p a r t i c i p a t i n g i n s t i t u t i o n s by g e o g ra p h ic re g io n and by age o f i n s t i t u t i o n i s a l s o found in T able 1. T able 2 shows th e s i z e o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n as r e l a t e d t o t h e age o f t h e i n s t i t u t i o n . T a b le s were com piled o f d a ta r e p o r t e d in answ er to each q u e s ti o n t h a t i n d i c a t e d th e s t a t u s o f t h a t v a r i a b l e a t t h a t tim e . In o r d e r to d e f i n e c l e a r l y th e numerous v a r i - 38 TABLE 1 Distribution of Participating Institutions by Size of Institution, Geographic Region, and Age of Institution Distribution of Institutions by Size, Fall, 1970 Full-Time Student Enro1Iment Number Per centa- 1-249 14 3 2.6 250-499 15 34.8 500 & over 14 32.6 Total 43 100.0 G eoqraphic Reqion F a l l , 1970i, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm en t 1- N= Num b e r 249 14 Per c e n t 250- N= Num b e r 499 15 Per c e n t 500 & o v er N=14 Num- Per b e r c e n t T o ta l N=43 Num- Per b e r c e n t I 4 9.3 — — ______ 2 4 .6 6 13.9 I I 6 14.0 5 11.6 7 16.3 18 4 1 .9 I I I 3 7.0 6 14.0 2 4 .7 11 25.7 IV 1 2.3 4 9.3 3 ' 7 .0 8 18.6 G eo g rap h ic : Region Date o f Founding N Num b e r I [=6 Per c e n t N Num b e r I I = 18 -P e r c e n t I I I N =ll Num-Per b e r c e n t IV N=8 Num-Per b e r c e n t T o t a l N=43 Num-Per b e r c e n t Pre 1900 1 16.7 1 5.5 1 9 .1 1 12.5 4 9 .3 1900-1909 — — 1 5.5 — — 1 12.5 2 4 .7 1910-1919 1 J . 16.7 3 16.7 2 18.2 1 12.5 7 16.2 1920-1929 1 16.7 4 22.2 2 18.2 2 2 5.0 9 20.9 1930-1939 3 5 0 .0 3 16.7 3 2 7.2 2 25.0 11 25.6 1940-1949 — — 5 27.8 2 18.2 1 12.5 8 18.6 1950-1959 I960----- none 1 5.5 1 9 .1 2 4 .7 a9ue to slight rounding error, totals on this table and on subsequent tables may not toral an even 100 per cent. 39 TABLE 2 D i s t r i b u t i o n o.£ P a r t i c i p a t i n g I n s t i t u t i o n s by Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n and F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t 1-249 250-499 500 & o ver T o t a l N=14 N=15 N=14 N=43 Date o f Founding Num b e r Per c e n t Num b e r Per c e n t Num b e r Per c e n t Num b e r Per c e n t Pre 1900 1 7.1 1 6 .7 2 14.3 4 9.3 1900-1909 - - — 1 6 .7 1 7.1 2 4 .7 1910-1919 3 21.4 3 2 0 .0 1 7 .1 7 16.3 1920-1929 3 21.4 3 2 0 .0 3 21.4 9 20.9 1930-1939 5 35.7 2 13.3 4 2 8.6 11 2 5 .6 1940-1949 1 7.1 4 2 6 .6 3 21.4 8 1 8 .6 1950-1959 I960 ------ 1 none 7.1 1 6 .7 — — — — 2 4 .6 40 a b le s i n th e s tu d y , a r a t h e r l a r g e number o f t a b l e s were n ee d e d . These w ere d i s p e r s e d th ro u g h o u t th e t e x t o f th e s tu d y so as t o le n d th e g r e a t e s t amount o f c l a r i t y t o th e t e x t and t o s e r v e , a l s o , as a c o n v e n ie n t p o i n t o f r e f e r e n c e f o r t e x t u a l d a ta . R e tire m e n t Programs R e tire m e n t program s w ere i n v e s t i g a t e d in t h r e e a r e a s : i n s t i t u t i o n a l r e t i r e m e n t pro g ram s, s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , and a n n u i t i e s . D ata were r e p o r t e d s e p a r a t e l y f o r e ach a r e a . I n s t i t u t i o n a l r e t i r e m e n t p ro g ra m s . — R e tir e m e n t, c o n s id e re d by some a u t h o r i t i e s t o be th e most im p o rta n t f r i n g e b e n e f i t ( 1 2 :8 ) , was s t u d i e d to d ete rm in e i t s p r e v a le n c e and e x t e n t i n B ib le c o l l e g e s . I t was found t h a t t h i r t y - t h r e e o f th e f o r t y - t h r e e re sp o n d in g i n s t i t u t i o n s (76.7%) had r e t i r e m e n t program s o t h e r th an s o c i a l security."*' Ten i n s t i t u t i o n s (23.3%) r e p o r t e d t h a t th e y d id n o t have a r e t i r e m e n t p la n o t h e r th an s o c i a l s e c u r i t y . The s i z e o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n was found to be p o s i t i v e l y r e l a t e d t o th e in c id e n c e o f r e t i r e m e n t program s as shown in T able 3. In i n s t i t u t i o n s below 250 e n r o l lm e n t , t e n i n s t i t u t i o n s (71.4%) r e p o r t e d r e t i r e m e n t program s w h ereas i n i n s t i t u t i o n s w ith e n r o llm e n ts o f 500 and o v e r, tw e lv e i n s t i t u t i o n s (85.7%) r e p o r t e d p ro g ram s. E lev e n ! o i d Age and S u rv iv o rs I n s u r a n c e . 41 TABLE 3 F a c u l t y R e tir e m e n t D ata o f R e p o r tin g I n s t i t u t i o n s as Shown by S iz e of I n s t i t u t i o n , G eo g rap h ic R egion, and Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n S t a t u s o f R e tire m e n t P lan s F u ll-T im e E n ro llm e n t Had a R e t i r e ment P lan Num- Per b e r c e n t Had no R e t i r e m ent P lan Num- Per b e r c e n t Total Num- Per b e r c e n t 1-249 250-499 500 & over Total 10 71.4 11 73.3 12 8 5 .7 33 76.7 4 4 2 10 2 8.6 26.7 14.3 23.3 14 3 2 .6 15 34.8 14 3 2 .6 43 100.0 Geographic Region I I I I I I IV Total 3 8 15 7 33 50.0 72.7 8 3 .3 8 7 .5 76.7 3 3 3 1 10 50.0 27.3 16.7 12.5 23.3 6 13.9 11 25.6 18 4 1 .9 8 18.6 43 100.0 C o lle g e Established Pre 1900 1900-1909 1910-1919 1920-1929 1930-1939 1940-1949 1950-1959 1 9 6 0 - Total 100.0 100.0 8 5 .7 5 5 .6 54.5 8 100.0 2 100.0 none 33 76.7 4 2 6 5 6 1 14.3 4 4 4 .4 5 4 5 .5 4 2 7 9 11 8 2 9 .3 4 .6 16.3 20.9 25.6 18.7 4 .6 10 23.3 43 100.0 42 i n s t i t u t i o n s w ith e n r o llm e n ts o f 250 t o 499 (73.3%) r e p o r te d p rogram s. As shown in T able 3, Region IV c o n ta in e d th e h ig h e s t p e r c e n ta g e o f i n s t i t u t i o n s t h a t p ro v id e d a r e t i r e m e n t program . Of t h e e i g h t i n s t i t u t i o n s i n t h i s a r e a , sev en (87.5%) r e p o r t e d a r e t i r e m e n t program . One (12.5%) r e p o r te d no r e t i r e m e n t program . Region I , r e p r e s e n t e d by s i x i n s t i t u t i o n s , r e p o r t e d th e lo w e st p e r c e n t a g e o f i n s t i t u t i o n s h av in g a r e t i r e m e n t program . These s i x i n s t i t u t i o n s were e q u a lly d i v i d e d w ith t h r e e i n s t i t u t i o n s (50%) r e p o r t i n g a r e t i r e m e n t program and th r e e r e p o r t i n g n o n e. Region I I I r e p o r t i n g f i f t e e n o u t o f e ig h te e n i n s t i t u t i o n s (83.3%) h a v in g f a c u l t y r e t i r e m e n t program s w ith t h r e e (16.7%) r e p o r t i n g none. In Region I I , e i g h t o f th e e le v e n i n s t i t u t i o n s (72.7% ), r e p o r t i n g r e t i r e ment program s and t h r e e (2 7.3%) r e p o r t e d none. I t was found t h a t 100 p e r c e n t o f th e o l d e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s , th o s e e s t a b l i s h e d p r i o r t o 1910, and 100 p e r c e n t o f t h e y o u n g e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s , th o s e e s t a b l i s h e d a f t e r 1939, had r e t i r e m e n t p ro g ram s. For i n s t i t u t i o n s e s t a b l i s h e d betw een 1909 and 1920 th e p e r c e n ta g e o f program s was 85.7 , b u t f o r th o s e i n s t i t u t i o n s e s t a b l i s h e d betw een 1919 and 1940 t h e p e r c e n ta g e o f i n s t i t u t i o n s h a v in g program s d ro p p ed to an a v erag e o f 55 p e r c e n t . Data r e l a t e d t o th e age o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n and r e t i r e m e n t program s a re a l s o shown i n Table 3. 43 I n s t i t u t i o n a l c o n t r i b u t i o n t o r e t i r e m e n t . — I t was found t h a t f o r th o s e t h i r t y - t h r e e i n s t i t u t i o n s which had a r e t i r e m e n t p l a n , tw en ty i n s t i t u t i o n s (60.6%) c o n t r i b u t e d th e t o t a l amount o f th e funds s e t a s id e f o r r e t i r e m e n t . One i n s t i t u t i o n (3%) c o n t r i b u t e d betw een 60 and 69 p e r c e n t o f th e fu n d s, f o u r i n s t i t u t i o n s (12.1%) c o n t r i b u t e d betw een 50 and 59 p e r c e n t , seven i n s t i t u t i o n s (21.2%) c o n t r i b u t e d betw een 1 and 9 p e r c e n t , and one i n s t i t u t i o n c o n t r i b u t e d a y e a r l y lump sum i n t o th e r e t i r e m e n t program . With r e f e r e n c e to f u l l - t i m e e n r o l lm e n t , i n s t i t u t i o n s in t h e 2 49 and u n d er group showed th e h i g h e s t p e r c e n t age (70%) o f f u l l c o n t r i b u t i o n and th e l a r g e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s showed th e lo w e st p e r c e n ta g e (50%) o f f u l l c o n t r i b u t i o n . Thus, t h e l a r g e r i n s t i t u t i o n s more f r e q u e n t l y had a program in e x i s t e n c e , b u t th e s m a l l e r i n s t i t u t i o n s more f r e q u e n t l y c o n t r i b u t e d t h e f u l l amount (100%) o-f th e funds p a i d i n t o th e r e t i r e m e n t p l a n . When a n a ly z e d w ith r e f e r e n c e t o g e o g ra p h ic r e g i o n s , i t was found t h a t Region I I I had th e h i g h e s t p e r c e n ta g e (87.5%) o f f u l l c o n t r i b u t i o n , and Region I I had th e lo w e s t p e r c e n ta g e (46.6%) o f f u l l c o n t r i b u t i o n . These d a t a a re p r e s e n t e d i n T able 4. Recency o f th e r e t i r e m e n t p ro g ra m s . — R e s u lts o f the s u rv e y r e v e a l e d t h a t r e t i r e m e n t program s were o f r e c e n t o r i g i n w ith 6 9 .7 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t i n g program s 44 TABLE 4 I n s t i t u t i o n a l C o n tr ib u tio n t o F a c u lty R e tire m e n t in B ib le C o lle g e s by F u ll-T im e E n r o llm e n t, and by Geo g r a p h ic Region F a l l , 1970, : F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t Amount o f I n s t i t u t i o n a l Con t r i b u t i o n (P e rc e n t) 1- N= Num b e r ■249 = 10 ■ P er c e n t 250' N = Num' b e r -499 =11 - P e r c e n t 5 00 & Over N=12 Num- P e r b e r c e n t T o ta l N=33 N um- Pe r b e r c e n t 100 7 70.0 7 6 3 .3 6 50.0 20 60.6 90-99 - — - — — — — — 80-89 - — - — - — — — 70-79 — — — — — — — — 60-69 1 10.0 - — _ — 1 3.0 50-59 - — 2 18. 3 2 16.7 4 1 2 .1 40-49 - — - — - — — — 30-39 — — — — _ — — — 20-29 - — - — - — — — 10-19 - — - — _ — — — 1 - 9 2 20.0 2 18. 3 3 2 5 .0 7 21.2 o t h e r - — - — 1 8.3 1 3.0 T o ta l 10 100.0 11 1 0 0 .0 a 12 100.0 G eo g rap h ic Region 33 1 0 0 .0a Amount o f I n s t i t u t i o n a l Con t r i b u t i o n (P e rc e n t) N Num b e r I = 3 - P e r c e n t N Num b e r I I = 15 - P e r c e n t I I I N= 8 Num- P e r b e r c e n t N Num b e r IV = 7 - P er c e n t T o ta l N=33 Num- P e r b e r c e n t 100 90-99 80-89 70-79 60-69 50-59 40-49 30-39 20-29 10-19 1 - 9 o t h e r 2 6 6 .7 7 46.6 7 87.5 4 57.1 20 60.6 — — 1 3 6 .6 20.0 1 14. 3 1 4 3.0 12.1 - 1 33. 3 3 1 20.2 6.6 1 1 2 .5 2 28.6 7 1 21.2 3.0 T o t a l 3 100.0 5 100.0 8 10 0.0 7 100.0 33 1 0 0 .0C aRounded f i g u r e . 45 p u t i n t o e f f e c t s in c e 1960. Only one i n s t i t u t i o n (3%) r e p o r t e d h a v in g a r e t i r e m e n t program p r i o r t o 19 46. As a g roup, th e l a r g e r i n s t i t u t i o n s , as w e l l as th e i n s t i t u t i o n s in Region I I I , showed a more r e c e n t developm ent o f r e t i r e ment program s as shown in T able 5. F u tu re p la n s f o r r e t i r e m e n t p ro g ra m s. — Of th e f o r ty - t h r e e i n s t i t u t i o n s p a r t i c i p a t i n g i n th e s u rv e y , te n (23.3%) r e p o r t e d t h a t th e y d id n o t have a r e t i r e m e n t program f o r f a c u l t y o t h e r th a n s o c i a l s e c u r i t y . Of t h e s e te n i n s t i t u t i o n s , f iv e (50%) r e p o r t e d t h a t such a program was p la n n e d w it h i n th e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s ; one (10%) r e p o r t e d t h a t such a program was n o t p la n n e d w i t h i n t h e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s , and fo u r (40%) d id n o t re sp o n d t o t h e q u e s ti o n . When a n a ly z e d by s i z e o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n , and by g e o g ra p h ic r e g i o n s , t h e numbers became s m a ll. Data showing th e re sp o n s e o f a l l i n s t i t u t i o n s , and by i n s t i t u t i o n a l s i z e and by g e o g ra p h ic re g io n a re shown in T able 6. S o c ia l s e c u r i t y . — Of t h e f o r t y - t h r e e i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t i n g , t h i r t y - o n e (72.1%) i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t e d 100 p e r c e n t o f t h e i r f a c u l t y c o v ered by s o c i a l s e c u r i t y . One i n s t i t u t i o n (2.3%) d id n o t re sp o n d to th e q u e s t i o n . There was c o n s id e r a b l e v a r i a t i o n in th e p e r c e n ta g e o f f a c u l t y c o v e re d by s o c i a l s e c u r i t y i n th e re m a in in g i n s t i t u t i o n s as shown in Table 7. P a r t o f t h i s can l i k e l y be a c c o u n te d f o r by th e f a c t t h a t th e B ib le c o lle g e f a c u l t y o f te n c o n ta in a TABLE 5 Recency of Retirement programs for Full-Time Faculty in Bible colleges by Full-Time Enrollment and by Geographic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t Program I n s t i t u t e d 1- N Num b e r 249 = 10 - P er c e n t 250 N= Num b e r -499 11 Per c e n t 500 & over N=12 Num- P er b e r c e n t T o t a l N=33 Num-Per b e r c e n t 1966-1971 4 4 0 .0 4 36.3 4 33.3 12 36.4 1961-1965 1 1 0 .0 3 27.3 7 58.3 11 33.3 1956-1960 1 10.0 2 18.2 - — 3 9 .1 1951-1955 - — - — — — — 1946-1950 - — 1 9 .1 - — 1 3 .0 Pre 1946 - — 1 9 .1 - — 1 3 .0 Not c e r t a i n J . 10.0 - — - — i L 3 .0 No re s p o n s e 3 30.0 - — 1 8 .3 4 12.1 T o t a l s 10 100.0 11 100.0 12 100. ( f 33 loo.oa Program I n s t i t u t e d G eographic Region I N=3 Num- Per b e r c e n t N Num b e r I I =15 - Per c e n t I I I N=8 Num- P er b e r c e n t N Num b e r IV =7 - P er c e n t T o t a l N=33 Num- Per b e r c e n t 1966-1971 2 66.7 5 33.3 3 3 7 .5 2 2 8 .6 12 36.4 1961-1965 - — 5 33.3 3 3 7 .5 3 4 2 .8 11 33.3 1956-1960 - — - — 1 1 2 .5 2 2 8 .6 3 9 .1 1951-1955 - - — - — - — — — 1946-1950 - — 1 6.7 - — - T- 1 3 .0 Pre 1946 - — 1 6.7 - — - --- 1 3.0 Not c e r t a i n - - - 1 6.7 - — - -------- 1 3.0 No response 1 33.3 2 13.3 1 12.5 - -------- 4 12.1 Totals 3 100.0 15 100.0 8 ; 100.0 7 100.0 33 1 0 0 .Qa a Rounaed f i g u r e . 47 TABLE 6 F u tu re P la n s f o r R e tire m e n t Programs f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y i n B ib le C o lle g e s by F u ll-T im e E n ro llm e n t and G eo graphic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t I n s t i t u t i o n P la n s t o Im plem ent a Program w i t h i n t h e Next 3 Y rs. 1-2 49 N=4 Num- P e r b e r c e n t 250-499 N=4 Num- P e r b e r c e n t 500 & Over N=2 Num- P e r b e r c e n t T o ta l N=10 Num- P e r b e r c e n t Yes 1 2 5 .0 3 75.0 1 50.0 5 50.0 No - — 1 2 5 .0 1 10.0 No R esponse 3 75. 0 - — 1 50.0 4 40.0 T o ta ls 4 100.0 4 100.0 2 100.0 10 100.0 G eographic Region I I I I I I IV T o ta l N= 3 N= 3 N = = 3 N:= 1 N=10 Num P er Num P er Num'- P e r Num - P e r Num- Per b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t Yes 2 66.7 1 33.3 1 33.3 1 10 0.0 5 50.0 No 1 33. 3 1 33.3 - — - — 2 20.0 Response — — 1 33. 3 2 66.7 - — 3 30.0 T o t a l 3 100.0 3 1 0 0 .0a 3 100.0 1 100.0 10 100.0 a Rounded f i g u r e . 48 TABLE 7 F a c u l t y S o c i a l S e c u r i ty Coverage by F u ll-T im e E n r o l l m ent, and G eographic Region o f th e I n s t i t u t i o n F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm en t Percent o f Faculty Covered 1- N: Num' ber 249 =14 - Per cent 250 N= Num ber -499 15 Per cent 500 , N Num' ber & over *14 - Per cent Total N=43 Num- Per ber cent 100 12 85.7 11 73.3 8 57.1 31 7 2 .1 90-99 - — 1 6 .7 5 35.7 6 14.0 80-89 1 7.1 - — 1 7 .1 2 4 .6 70-79 1 7 .1 1 6 .7 - — 2 4 .6 60-69 . - — - — - — - — 50-59 - — 1 6 .7 - — 1 2.3 i response - - - 1 6.7 - — 1 2.3 Totals 14 1 0 0 .oa 15 1 0 0 .0a 14 10 0 . oa 43 1 0 0 .0a G eo g rap h ic R egion P e r c e n t I I I I I I IV T o t a l of N=6 N: =18 N: =11 N- =8 N- -43 Faculty Num- Per Num - Per Num-- per Num-- Per Nur: ■ - Per Covered ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent 100 5 83.3 14 77.8 6 5 4 .5 6 75.0 31 72.1 90-99 1 16.7 3 16.7 2 18.2 - — 6 1 4.0 80-89 — — - — 1 9 .1 1 12.5 2 4 .6 70-79 - — 1 5 .5 - — 1 12.5 2 4 .6 60-69 — ----- — — — — — — - — 50-59 -- ------------- - — . 1 9 .1 - — 1 2.3 No response - — 1 9 .1 - — 1 2.3 Totals 6 100.0 18 : 100 . 0 11 100.0 8 100.0 43 1 0 0 .oa aRounded f i g u r e . 49 h ig h r a t i o o f clergym en who have t h e s t a t u s o f b e in g " s e l f em ployed." While in f o r m a tio n was n o t s o u g h t on t h i s p o i n t , s e l f employment was r e f e r r e d t o by s e v e r a l r e s p o n d e n ts . F u l l s o c i a l s e c u r i t y co v erag e o f t h e f a c u l t y was m ost f r e q u e n t i n th e s m a l l e r i n s t i t u t i o n s , w ith tw elv e o f t h e f o u rte e n i n s t i t u t i o n s (85.7%) i n th e 1-249 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t group r e p o r t i n g 10 0 p e r c e n t o f i t s f a c u l t y c o v ered ; and l e a s t f r e q u e n t in t h e l a r g e r i n s t i t u t i o n s , w i t h th e 5 00 and o v e r f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t group h a v in g o n ly e i g h t o u t o f f o u r te e n (57.1%) i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t i n g a 100 p e r c e n t co verage o f i t s f a c u l t y by s o c i a l s e c u r i t y . F u l l f a c u l t y p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n s o c i a l s e c u r i t y cov e r a g e v a r i e d c o n s id e r a b ly betw een r e g i o n s . Region I , h ad t h e h i g h e s t p e r c e n t _,e (83.3%) o f f u l l p a r t i c i p a t i o n , and Region I I I had th e lo w e s t p e r c e n ta g e (54.5%) o f f u l l p a r t i c i p a t i o n . When com puting th e mean p e r c e n t a g e s f o r Regions I , I I , and IV, Region I I I f e l l 24.2 p e r c e n t below th e mean. I n s t i t u t i o n a l paym ent o f s o c i a l s e c u r i t y prem ium . — C o n s id e ra b le v a r i a t i o n was found betw een i n s t i t u t i o n s i n t h e amount o f s o c i a l s e c u r i t y paym ent. Of th e f o r t y - t h r e e i n s t i t u t i o n s i n t h e s tu d y , o n ly n in e (20.9%) r e p o r t e d p a y i n g 100 p e r c e n t o f t h e s o c i a l s e c u r i t y premium. Two i n s t i t u t i o n s (4.7%) r e p o r t e d a payment o f betw een 75 and 99 p e r c e n t o f th e premium. The m ost f r e q u e n t l y p a i d amount, 50 r e p o r t e d by 4 8 .8 p e r c e n t o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n s , was betw een 5 0 and 74 p e r c e n t o f th e premium. Three i n s t i t u t i o n s (7%) r e p o r t e d p a y in g betw een 25 and 49 p e r c e n t? s i x i n s t i t u t i o n s (14%) made no payment a t a l l , and two i n s t i t u t i o n s (4.7%) d i d n o t re sp o n d t o t h e q u e s t i o n . When exam ined from th e s t a n d p o i n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n a l s i z e as r e f l e c t e d i n f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t, i t was found t h a t th e l a r g e r and th e s m a l l e r i n s t i t u t i o n s most t y p i c a l l y p a i d betw een 50 and 74 p e r c e n t o f t h e s o c i a l s e c u r i t y premium, w ith 71.4 p e r c e n t and 50 p e r c e n t r e s p e c t i v e l y d o in g s o . None o f th e l a r g e r i n s t i t u t i o n s , and o n ly t h r e e o f th e s m a l l e r i n s t i t u t i o n s (21.4%) p a i d th e f u l l amount. F o r ty p e r c e n t o f t h e i n s t i t u t i o n s i n th e 250-499 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t group p a i d th e f u l l amount o f t h e s o c i a l s e c u r i t y premium f o r i t s f a c u l t y . Complete d a t a a r e found i n T able 8. I n s t i t u t i o n s in Region I c o n ta in e d th e h i g h e s t p e r ce n ta g e (33.3%) o f i n s t i t u t i o n s which c o n t r i b u t e d th e f u l l amount o f f a c u l t y s o c i a l s e c u r i t y premium, b u t t y p i c a l l y i n s t i t u t i o n s in Region I c o n t r i b u t e d betw een 50 and 74 p e r c e n t . However, th e t o t a l number o f i n s t i t u t i o n s in t h i s re g io n was o n ly s i x . Region I I c o n ta in e d two i n s t i t u t i o n s (11.1%) which c o n t r i b u t e d th e f u l l amount o f f a c u l t y s o c i a l s e c u r i t y p r e mium, and l i k e Region I , t y p i c a l l y c o n t r i b u t e d betw een 50 and 74 p e r c e n t . Region I I I and Region IV were about e q u a l 51 TABLE 8 I n s t i t u t i o n a l C o n tr ib u tio n Toward Payment o f F a c u lty S o c i a l S e c u r i t y B e n e f i t s by S iz e of I n s t i t u t i o n , and by G eographic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t P e r c e n ta g e o f Premium Payment 1-; N; Num 249 =14 - Per 250-499 N=15 Num- Per 500 & o v e r N=14 Num- Per T o ta l N=43 Num- Per b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t 100 3 21.4 6 4 0 .0 _ 9 20.9 75-99 1 7 .1 - — 1 7 .1 2 4 .7 50-74 7 5 0 .0 4 2 6 .7 10 71.4 21 4 8 .8 25-49 1-24 Zero 1 7 .1 1 6 .7 1 7 .1 3 7 .0 1 7.1 3 2 0 .0 2 14.3 6 13.9 No r e s p o n s e 1 7.1 1 6 .7 - — 2 4 .7 T o t a l 14 1 0 0 .0a 15 1 0 0 .0a 14 1 0 0 .oa 43 100.0 G eo graphic Region P e r c e n ta g e Premium Payment feer I =6 - P er I I N=18 Num- P e r I I I IV N = ll N=8 Num- Per Num- P er T o t a l N=43 Num- Per c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t 100 . - 2 33.3 2 11 .1 3 27. 3 2 2 5 .0 9 20,9 75-99 — 2 11 .1 _ — - — 2 4 .7 50-74 3 50.0 10 55 .5 3 27. 3 5 6 2 .5 21 4 8 .8 25-49 1 1-24 Zero 15.7 1 5 .6 1 9. 1 — — 3 7 .0 _ _ 2 11 .1 3 27. 3 1 1 2 .5 6 13.9 Jo response - --- 1 5 .5 1 9. 1 — 2 4 .7 T o t a l 6 100.0 18 100 .0 11 100. 0a 8 1 0 0 .0 43 100.0 aRounded f i g u r e . 52 in th e p e r c e n ta g e o f f u l l c o n t r i b u t i o n (27.3% and 25% r e s p e c t i v e l y ) ; b u t Region IV t y p i c a l l y c o n t r i b u t e d betw een 50 and 74 p e r c e n t , w h ile Region I I I showed an e q u a l p e r c e n ta g e o f i n s t i t u t i o n s (27.3%) c o n t r i b u t i n g betw een 50 and 74 p e r c e n t and th o s e w hich c o n t r i b u t e d n o t h i n g . Complete d a ta a re found i n T a b le 8. A n n u i t i e s . — Almost t w o - t h i r d s o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n s (65.1%) r e p o r t e d th e a v a i l a b i l i t y o f t a x s h e l t e r e d a n n u itie s as p a r t o f r e t i r e m e n t p r o v i s i o n s . The l a r g e r i n s t i t u t i o n s (500 and over) and t h e s m a l l e r i n s t i t u t i o n s (2 49 and under) were found t o be i d e n t i c a l w ith r e g a r d t o th e number h a v in g a n n u ity p ro g ram s. In t h e s e two g ro u p s, e i g h t o u t o f f o u r te e n i n s t i t u t i o n s (57.1%) w ere found t o have p ro g ram s. However, tw e lv e o u t o f f i f t e e n i n s t i t u t i o n s (80%) i n th e 250-499 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o l lm e n t group w ere found to have a n n u ity p ro g ra m s, as shown i n T ab le 9. G eo g rap h ic r e g io n s v a r i e d c o n s id e r a b ly i n th e p e r ce n ta g e o f i n s t i t u t i o n s h a v in g a n n u ity p ro g ra m s . A range was found from a h ig h o f 7 7 .7 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s in Region I I to a low o f 33.3 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s i n Re gion I , r e p o r t i n g p ro g ram s. The p e r c e n ta g e o f i n s t i t u t i o n s h a v in g an a n n u ity program i n Region IV was e s s e n t i a l l y th e same (75%) as t h a t o f Region I I (77.8%) , w h ile Region I I I 53 TABLE 9 I n s t i t u t i o n s R e p o r tin g a Tax S h e l t e r e d A n n u ity Program by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n , G eo g rap h ic R eg io n , and Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t 1-•249 250-499 500 & over Total Annuity N=• 14 N=15 N=14 N=43 Program Num• Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Available ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent Yes 8 57.1 12 8 0 .0 8 5 7 .1 28 6 5 .1 No 5 35.7 3 20.0. 6 4 2 .9 14 3 2 .6 No Response 1 7 .1 — — 1 2 .3 Totals 14 1 0 0 .0 a 15 1 00.0 14 100.0 43 100.0 Geographic Region A n n u ity I Program N=6 A v a i l - Num- P er a b l e b e r I I I I I IV T o t a l N=18 N = ll N=8 N=43 Num- Per Num- P er Num- P er Num- P er c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t Yes 2 No 3 No Response 1 T o t a l s 6 1 00.0 3 3.3 14 77.8 5 0.0 4 22.2 16.7 — — 6 5 54.5 4 5 .5 6 7 5 .0 2 2 5 .0 28 6 5 .1 14 3 2 .6 1 2 .3 18 1 00.0 11 1 0 0 .0 8 1 0 0 .0 43 100.0 A n n u ity Program A v a i l a b l e Yes No No R esponse T o t a l Y e a r N=28 N=14 N=1 N=43 E stablished Num- Per Num- P e r Num- P e r Num- Per b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t P re 1900 2 50.0 2 5 0 .0 — — 4 9 .3 1900-1909 1 50.0 1 5 0 .0 — — 2 4 .7 1910-1919 4 57.1 3 4 2 .9 — — 7 16.3 1920-1929 7 77.8 1 1 1 .1 1 1 1 .1 9 20.9 1930-1939 6 54.5 5 4 5 .5 — — 11 2 5 .6 1940-1949 6 75.0 2 2 5 .0 — — 8 1 8 .6 1950-1959 2 100.0 — — — — 2 4 .7 I 9 6 0 ----- none T o t a l s 28 65.1 1.4 3 2 .6 1 2 .3 43 100. 0a aRounded f i g u r e . 54 was f a i r l y e q u a l l y d i v i d e d betw een i n s t i t u t i o n s h a v in g an n u i t y program s and th o s e n o t h a v in g p ro g ram s, as shown i n Table 9. W hile th e sam ple was s m a l l , a l l th e y o u n g er i n s t i t u t i o n s (th o s e founded s in c e 195 0) r e p o r t e d an a n n u ity p r o gram. As i s shown i n T able 9, i n s t i t u t i o n s founded betw een 1920 and 192 9 , and th o se founded betw een 19 40 and 19 49, a ls o showed a h ig h p e r c e n ta g e o f a n n u ity p ro g ram s. Of t h e s e , 77.8 p e r c e n t , and 75.0 p e r c e n t r e s p e c t i v e l y , r e p o r t e d p ro g ra m s. The o l d e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s showed t h e lo w e s t p e r c e n ta g e o f a n n u ity p ro g ram s. Recency o f a n n u ity p ro g ra m s. — As shown in T able 10, t w e n t y - f o u r (85.7%) o f t h e t w e n t y - e i g h t i n s t i t u t i o n s which r e p o r t e d an a n n u ity p ro g ram , made t h e program a v a i l a b l e s in c e 196 0. No i n s t i t u t i o n r e p o r t e d an a n n u ity program p r i o r t o 1960. Two re s p o n d e n ts (7.1%) , how ever, w ere un c e r t a i n as t o th e d a te o f fo unding o f th e p ro g ram , and two (7.1%) d id n o t re sp o n d t o th e q u e s t i o n . The re c e n c y of a n n u ity program s rem a in e d c o n s ta n t w h e th e r a n a ly z e d w ith r e f e r e n c e t o th e s i z e o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n o r t o i t s geo g r a p h ic r e g io n . F u tu r e p l a n s f o r a n n u ity p ro g ra m s. — Of t h e f i f t e e n i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t i n g t h a t no a n n u ity program s w ere a v a i l a b l e , one (6.7%) r e p o r t e d t h a t such program was b e in g p la n n e d w i t h i n t h e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s . E ig h t (53.3%) 55 TABLE 10 R ecency o f A nnuity Programs in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n , and G eographic R egion F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t 1- 249 250 -499 500 & o v er T o ta l N=8 N=12 N=8 N=28 Program I n s t i t u t e d Num Per Num Per Num- Per Num- P er b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t 1966-1971 5 62.5 7 58.3 3 37.5 15 5 3 .6 1961-1965 1 12.5 5 4 1.7 3 3 7 .5 9 3 2 .1 1956-1960 — — — — — — — __ 1951-1955 — — — — — — — — 1946-1950 — — — — — — Pre 1946 — — — — — — — — Not c e r t a i n 2 25.0 — — — 2 7 .1 No re sp o n se — — — — 2 2 5 .0 2 7 .1 T o t a l 8 100.0 12 100.0 8 100.0 28 1 0 0 .0a G eographic Region I I I I I I IV T o t a l Program N=2 N=14 N=6 N=6 N=28 I n s t i - Num- Per Num'- Per Num P e r Num- Per Num- P er t u t e d b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t 1966-1971 1 50 .0 9 62.2 3 5 0 .0 2 33.3 15 53.6 1961-1965 1 50 .0 3 21.4 2 3 3 .3 3 50.0 9 3 2 .1 1956-1960 - — — — — — — — — — — 1951-1955 - 1946-1950 - p re 1946 Not c e r t a i n - — 1 7 .1 — 1 16.7 2 7 .1 No re sp o n se - — 1 7 .1 1 1 6 .7 — — 2 7 .1 T o t a l 2 100 .0 14 100.0 6 1 0 0 .0 6 100.0 28 1 0 0 .Ca aRounded f ig u r e 56 r e p o r t e d t h a t an a n n u ity program was n o t p la n n e d ; t h r e e (20%) were u n c e r t a i n , and t h r e e (20%) d i d n o t re sp o n d to th e q u e s t i o n . F a c u lty L i f e In s u ra n c e Program s L i f e in s u r a n c e program s were somewhat l e s s p r e v a l e n t th a n r e t i r e m e n t b e n e f i t s . T w e n ty -six i n s t i t u t i o n s (60%) r e p o r t e d h a v in g l i f e in s u ra n c e program s and 40 p e r c e n t r e p o r t e d t h a t l i f e in s u r a n c e program s w ere n o t a v a i l a b le th ro u g h th e i n s t i t u t i o n . L if e in s u r a n c e program s in B ib le c o l l e g e s v a r i e d somewhat w ith th e s i z e o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n . E leven o f th e e i g h t e e n i n s t i t u t i o n s (7 8.6%) in th e l a r g e s t s i z e group r e p o r te d p ro g ram s, b u t o n ly e i g h t ou t o f f o u r t e e n (5 7.1%) o f th e s m a l l e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s by g roup, r e p o r t e d p ro g ram s. I n s t i t u t i o n s i n th e 250-499 s i z e group, how ever, f e l l below th e s m a l l e s t g roup, w ith o n ly seven o u t o f f i f t e e n i n s t i t u t i o n s (46.7%) r e p o r t i n g p ro g ram s. A d d i t i o n a l d a ta a re p r e s e n te d i n T able 11. V a r i a t i o n was a l s o found by g e o g r a p h ic r e g io n . T h ir te e n o f t h e e ig h t e e n i n s t i t u t i o n s (72.2%) i n Region I I p r o v id e d l i f e in s u r a n c e program s f o r f a c u l t y , b u t f i v e o f th e e le v e n i n s t i t u t i o n s (45.5%) in Region I I I r e p o r t e d t h i s b e n e f i t . Region IV was e q u a l l y d iv id e d , betw een th o s e r e p o r t i n g program s and th o s e which d id n o t , b u t 66.7 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s in Region I r e p o r te d l i f e in s u r a n c e p r o - 57 TABLE 11 F a c u l t y L if e In s u r a n c e Program s A v a i l a b l e in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n , G eo g rap h ic R egion, and Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t L i f e In s u r a n c e Program A v a i l a b l e 1-249 N-14 Num- Per b e r c e n t 250-499 N=15 Num- P er b e r c e n t 500 & o v e r N=14 Num- Per b e r c e n t T o ta l N=43 Num- Per b e r c e n t Yes No 8 6 57.1 4 2 .9 7 8 4 6 .7 5 3.3 11 3 7 8 .6 2 1 .4 26 17 6 0 .0 4 0 .0 T o t a l 14 100.0 15 1 0 0 .0 14 100.0 43 100.0 G eo g rap h ic Region L i f e i I I I I I IV T o t a l I n s u r a n c e n=6 N=18 N =ll N=8 N=43 Program Num- P er Num- P er Num- P er Num- Per Num- P er Available b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t Yes 4 66.7 13 72.2 5 4 5 .5 4 5 0.0 26 6 0 .0 No 2 33.3 5 2 7 .8 6 5 4 .5 4 5 0.0 17 4 0 .0 T o t a l 6 100.0 18 1 0 0 .0 11 1 0 0 .0 8 100.0 43 100.0 L i f e I n s u r a n c e Program A v a i l a b l e Yes No T o t a l I n s t i t u t i o n N=26 N=17 N=43 E s t a b l i s h e d Num- P er Num- P e r Num- Per b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t P re 1900 3 7 5 .0 1 2 5 .0 4 9 .3 1900-1909 2 1 00.0 — — 2 4 .7 1910-1919 2 2 8 .6 5 7 1.4 7 16.3 1920-1929 7 7 7 .8 2 22.2 9 20.9 1930-1939 3 2 7.3 8 72.7 11 2 5 .5 1940-1949 8 1 0 0 .0 — — 8 1 8 .6 1950-1959 1 5 0 .0 1 5 0 .0 2 4 .7 I9 6 0----- none T o ta l 26 6 0 .5 17 3 9 .5 43 100.0 58 grams as shown i n T able 11. No c o n s i s t e n t r e l a t i o n s h i p was found betw een th e age o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n and th e a v a i l a b i l i t y o f f a c u l t y i n s u ra n c e p ro g ra m s. While th e sam ples were s m a l l , b o th th e i n s t i t u t i o n s e s t a b l i s h e d betw een 1900 and 1909, and th o s e e s t a b l i s h e d betw een 1940 and 1949, r e p o r t e d a 100 p e r c e n t in c id e n c e o f i n s u r a n c e program s. I n s t i t u t i o n a l c o n t r i b u t i o n t o l i f e in s u r a n c e p r e miums . — Of t h e t w e n t y - s i x i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t i n g l i f e i n s u ra n c e program s f o r f a c u l t y members, on ly t h r e e (11.5%) r e p o r t e d making no c o n t r i b u t i o n t o th e l i f e in s u r a n c e p r e mium. S ev e n te e n i n s t i t u t i o n s (65.4%) r e p o r t e d f u l l payment o f th e l i f e i n s u r a n c e prem ium , and an a d d i t i o n a l f iv e (19.2%) p a i d 50 p e r c e n t . One i n s t i t u t i o n (3.8%) r e p o r t e d g iv in g a lump sum to f a c u l t y members f o r in s u r a n c e premium paym ent. An i n v e r s e r e l a t i o n s h i p was found betw een i n s t i t u t i o n a l c o n t r i b u t i o n t o f a c u l t y in s u r a n c e and t h e s i z e o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n as r e f l e c t e d i n f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o l l ment. As shown i n T able 12, 75 p e r c e n t o f th e s m a l l e r i n s t i t u t i o n s c o n t r i b u t e d 10 0 p e r c e n t o f th e i n s u r a n c e premium a t t h e i r i n s t i t u t i o n s , w h ile only 5 4.5 p e r c e n t o f t h e l a r g e s t group c o n t r i b u t e d th e f u l l amount o f th e i n s u r a n c e premium. F u l l premium paym ent by t h e i n s t i t u t i o n s ra n g e d 59 TABLE 12 I n s t i t u t i o n a l C o n t r i b u t i o n Toward F a c u l t y L ife I n s u r a n c e Premium in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e of I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t P e rc e n ta g e Premium m m _ P aid b e r 249 8 Per c e n t 250 N= Num b er -499 500 & over 7 N=11 P er Num- Per c e n t b e r c e n t T o ta l N=26 Num- P er b e r c e n t 100 6 50 1 package none 1 75.0 12.5 12.5 5 1 1 7 1 .4 14.3 14.3 6 54.5 3 27.3 1 9 .1 1 9 .1 17 5 1 3 6 5 .4 19.2 3 .8 1 1.5 T o t a l s 8 1 0 0 . 0 7 1 0 0 . 0 11 1 0 0 . Oa 26 1 0 0 . Oa G eographic Region I Perceritaqe N=4 N: Premium Num- Per Num- Paid b e r c e n t b e r I I =13 - Per c e n t I I I IV N=5 N=4 Num- Per Num- Per b e r c e n t b e r c e n t T o ta l N=26 Num- P er b e r c e n t 100 1 25 50 1 25 package - — none 2 50 .0 9 .0 3 1 .0 — 69.2 23.1 7.7 4 80 1 20 .0 3 7 5 .0 1 2 5 .0 .0 — — 17 5 1 3 6 5 .4 19.2 3 .8 1 1 .5 T o t a l s 4 100 .0 13 1 0 0 .0 5 100 .0 4 100.0 26 1 0 0 . 0a a Rounded f i g u r e . 60 from a h ig h o f 80 p e r c e n t doing so i n Region I I I , to a low o f o n ly 25 p e r c e n t in Region I . A d d i t i o n a l d e t a i l i s found i n Table 12. F u tu re p la n s f o r l i f e in s u r a n c e p ro g ra m s .- - O f t h e s e v e n te e n i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t i n g t h a t a l i f e in s u r a n c e p la n f o r f a c u l t y th ro u g h th e i n s t i t u t i o n was n o t a v a i l a b l e , on ly one i n s t i t u t i o n (6%) r e p o r t e d p la n s t o im plem ent such a program w i t h i n th e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s . E ig h t i n s t i t u t i o n s (47%) r e p o r t e d t h a t such program was n o t b e in g p la n n e d ; f iv e i n s t i t u t i o n s (29.4%) were u n c e r t a i n ; and t h r e e i n s t i t u t i o n s (17.6%) d id n o t resp o n d t o t h e q u e s t i o n . H e a lth In s u r a n c e A v e ry h ig h p e r c e n ta g e (97.7%) o f i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t e d h e a l t h i n s u r a n c e p rogram s. These program s were found to be e v e n ly d i s t r i b u t e d by s i z e o f i n s t i t u t i o n and g e o g ra p h ic r e g i o n . They were a l s o found t o h av e been i n e x i s t e n c e lo n g e r th a n some o f th e o t h e r m ajo r f r i n g e b e n e f i t s , a lth o u g h v ery few h e a l t h i n s u r a n c e program s in B ib le c o l l e g e s e x i s t e d p r i o r t o 1946. As shown i n T able 13, only one i n s t i t u t i o n (7.1%) i n th e 1-2 49 f u l l - t i m e s tu d e n t e n r o llm e n t c a te g o r y d id n o t r e p o r t a h e a l t h i n s u r a n c e program . A l l o t h e r i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t e d p ro g ram s. Only one i n s t i t u t i o n in R egion I I I d id n o t r e p o r t a program o f h e a lth in s u r a n c e . A ll i n s t i t u t i o n s in the 61 TABLE 13 F a c u l t y H e a lth I n s u r a n c e Program s A v a i l a b l e in B ib le C o lle g e s by S i z e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G e o g ra p h ic R egion F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t Program A v a ila b le 1-249 N=14 Num- Per b e r c e n t 250-499 N=15 Nura- Per b e r c e n t 500 & over N=14 Num- Per b e r c e n t T o t a l N=43 Num- P er b e r c e n t Yes No 13 1 9 2.9 7 .1 T o t a l s 14 100.0 15 1 0 0 .0 15 100.0 14 100.0 14 100.0 42 1 97.7 2.3 43 100.0 G e o g ra p h ic R egion I I I I I I IV T o t a l Program n=6 N=18 N = ll N=8 N=43 A v a i l - Num- P er Num- P e r Num- P e r Num- P e r Num- P er a b le b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t Yes No 6 100.0 18 1 0 0 .0 10 9 0 .9 8 1 0 0 .0 42 9 7 .7 1 9 .1 — — 1 2.3 T o t a l s 6 100.0 18 1 0 0 .0 11 1 0 0 .0 8 1 0 0 .0 43 100.0 62 rem aining re g io n s r e p o r t e d h e a l t h in s u r a n c e program s as shown in T able 13. I n s t i t u t i o n a l c o n t r i b u t i o n t o h e a l t h in s u ra n c e premiurn. — While 9 7.7 p e r c e n t o f t h e B ib le c o lle g e s in th e survey r e p o r t e d h e a l t h in s u ra n c e program s f o r f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y , only t w e n ty - th r e e (54.8%) o f th e f o r ty - tw o i n s t i t u t i o n s p a id th e f u l l amount o f th e in s u r a n c e premium. An a d d i t i o n a l e le v e n (26.2%) i n s t i t u t i o n s p a id betw een 50 and 99 p e r c e n t o f th e premium; t h r e e i n s t i t u t i o n s (7.1%) p a id l e s s th a n 50 p e r c e n t o f th e premium, and f iv e (11.9%) made no c o n t r i b u t i o n w h a te v e r. The group o f i n s t i t u t i o n s o f s m a l l e s t s i z e was th e only group c o n ta in in g an i n s t i t u t i o n r e p o r t i n g no program a t a l l , as shown in T able 13, and i t was a l s o th e group which l e a s t f r e q u e n t l y c o n t r i b u t e d th e f u l l amount o f th e h e a l t h in s u r a n c e premium w ith on ly f iv e o f th e t h i r t e e n i n s t i t u t i o n s (38.5%) r e p o r t i n g doing s o , as shown in Table 14. E leven o u t o f f i f t e e n (73.3%) i n s t i t u t i o n s in th e 250-499 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t group c o n t r ib u t e d the t o t a l h e a l t h in s u r a n c e premium, and o n ly one i n s t i t u t i o n c o n t r ib u t e d n o th in g . F i f t y p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s in th e l a r g e s t e n r o llm e n t c a te g o ry c o n t r i b u t e d th e f u l l premium, and two (14.3%) c o n t r ib u t e d n o th in g . A d d itio n a l d e t a i l i s p r e s e n te d in Table 14. 63 TABLE 14 I n s t i t u t i o n a l C o n tr ib u tio n Toward F a c u lty H ealth In su ran ce Premiums in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eograp h ic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t P e rc e n ta g e o f Premium P aid 1-249 N=13 Num- Per b e r c e n t 250 N= Num b e r -499 15 Per c e n t 500 & over N=14 Num- Per b e r c e n t T o t a l N=42 Num- P er b e r c e n t 100 5 38.5 50-99 5 38.5 le s s th a n 50 1 7.7 none 2 15.3 11 3 1 73.3 2 0 .0 6 .7 7 50.0 3 21.4 2 14.3 2 14.3 23 11 3 5 5 4 .8 26.2 7 .1 11.9 T o ta ls 13 100.0 15 100.0 14 100.0 42 100.0 G eo g rap h ic Region P e r c e n t- I aqe of N=6 N - Premium Num- Per Num- Paid b e r c e n t b e r I I = 18 - Per c e n t I I I • IV N=10 N=8 Num- P er Num- Per b e r c e n t b e r c e n t T o t a l N=43 Num- P er b e r c e n t 100 50-99 less than 50 none 3 50.0 11 2 33.3 4 - — 1 1 16.7 2 61.1 2 2.2 5 .6 11.1 4 3 1 2 4C.0 5 6 2.5 3 0 .0 2 2 5.0 1 0 .0 1 12.5 2 0 .0 — — 23 11 3 5 5 4.8 26.2 7.1 11.9 T o t a l s 6 100.0 18 100.0 10 1 0 0 .0 8 100.0 42 100.0 64 I n s t i t u t i o n s in Region II and in Region IV r e p o r t e d a h i g h e r p e r c e n ta g e o f i n s t i t u t i o n s making th e f u l l premium payment f o r h e a l t h in s u ra n c e than th e o t h e r r e g i o n s . These r e g io n s a l s o c o n ta in e d a s m a lle r p e r c e n ta g e o f i n s t i t u t i o n s making no c o n t r i b u t i o n w h a te v e r, as shown in T able 14. Recency o f h e a l t h in s u r a n c e p ro g ra m s. — H e a lth i n s u ra n c e program s were found to have been in e f f e c t somewhat e a r l i e r th an l i f e in s u ra n c e o r r e t ir e m e n t p rogram s. I t was found t h a t 69.1 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s which r e p o r t e d h e a l t h in s u r a n c e program s i n d i c a t e d t h a t th e program had been i n e f f e c t p r i o r t o 1961. Six i n s t i t u t i o n s (14.3%) were u n c e r t a i n as t o th e d a te when th e program was i n s t i t u t e d , o r d id n o t resp o n d to th e q u e s t i o n . Only one i n s t i t u t i o n (2.4%) r e p o r t e d h a v in g a h e a l t h in s u r a n c e program p r i o r t o 1946. The group o f s m a l l e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s te n d t o have i n s t i t u t e d program s more r e c e n t l y th a n th e o t h e r g ro u p s, how ever, one i n s t i t u t i o n in t h i s group d id have a h e a l t h in s u r a n c e program p r i o r t o 1946 as shown i n T able 15. I n s t i t u t i o n s in Region I r e p o r t e d more r e c e n t program s th a n th e o t h e r r e g i o n s . More d e t a i l e d d a t a a r e p r e s e n t e d i n T able 15. Future p la n s fo r h e a lth in su r a n c e program s. — The o n ly i n s t i t u t i o n which r e p o r te d n o t h avin g a h e a lth in s u r ance program a ls o re p o rted t h a t such program was n o t b e in g 65 TABLE 15 R ecency o f F a c u l t y H e a lth I n s u ra n c e programs in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f i n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region F a l l , 1970. F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t 1- 249 250 -499 500 & over T o ta l Program N=■13 N=15 N==14 N=42 E s t a b lis h e d Num■ Per Num Per Num■ Per Num- Per ber c e n t b er c e n t ber c e n t b e r c e n t 1966-1971 2 15.4 2 13.3 1 7.1 5 11.9 1961-1965 .3 23.0 3 2 0 .0 2 14.3 8 1 9.0 1956-1960 2 15.4 5 33.3 4 28.6 11 26.2 1951-1955 2 15.4 3 2 0 .0 2 14.3 7 16.7 1946-1950 2 15.4 — — 2 14.3 4 9 .5 Pre 1946 1 7.7 — — — — 1 2 .4 U n c e r ta in — — 1 6 .7 1 7 .1 2 4 .8 No r e s p o n se 1 7.7 1 6.7 2 14.3 4 9 .5 T o t a ls I ? 100.0 15 100.0 14 1 00.0 42 100.0 G eograp h ic R egion I I I I I I IV T o ta l Proqram N== 6 N= 18 N=■10 N==8 N=42 E s t a b Num■ Per Num Per Num Per Num■ P er Num• Per l i s h e d b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t 1966-1971 2 33.3 — — 2 20.0 1 1 2 .5 5 11.9 1961-1965 1 16.7 4 22.2 1 10.0 2 2 5 .0 8 19.0 1956-1960 1 16.7 5 27.8 2 20.0 3 3 7 .5 11 26.2 1951-1955 — — 4 22.2 3 30.0 — — 7 16.7 1946-1950 — — 3 16.7 1 10.0 — — 4 9 .5 Pre 1946 — — 1 5 .5 — — — — 1 2 .4 U n c e r ta in 1 16.7 — — — — 1 1 2 .5 2 4 .8 N o r e s p o n s e 1 16.7 1 5.5 1 10.0 1 1 2 .5 4 9 .5 T o t a l s 6 100.0'a 18 1 0 0 .0a■ T o 100.0 ~8 1 0 0 .0 42 1 00.0 Rounded f i g u r e s . 66 p la n n e d w ith in t h e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s . S a b b a t i c a l Leave P r o v is i o n s f o r s a b b a t i c a l le a v e w ith f u l l o r p a r t pay was r e p o r t e d by t h i r t y (6 9.8%) i n s t i t u t i o n s . Twelve i n s t i t u t i o n s (27.9%) r e p o r t e d t h a t p r o v i s i o n f o r s a b b a t i c a l le a v e d id n o t e x i s t i n t h e i r i n s t i t u t i o n s , and one (2.3%) d id n o t resp o n d . No a tte m p t was made t o a s c e r t a i n le a v e p o l i c i e s such as le n g th o f s e r v i c e r e q u i r e d i n o r d e r t o q u a l i f y f o r l e a v e , p o l i c i e s g o v e rn in g f u l l v e r s u s p a r t i a l pay d u r in g l e a v e , o r s e r v i c e o b l i g a t i o n s im posed by th e i n s t i t u t i o n a f t e r th e co m p letio n o f th e s a b b a t i c a l . A d i r e c t r e l a t i o n s h i p was found betw een th e s i z e of t h e i n s t i t u t i o n as r e f l e c t e d in f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o l l ment and th e p r e v a le n c e o f s a b b a t i c a l le a v e p r o v i s i o n s f o r f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y . As shown in T able 16, 100 p e r c e n t o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n s i n th e 500 and o v e r f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o ll m e n t group r e p o r t e d h a v in g s a b b a t i c a l p ro g ram s. S ix ty p e r c e n t o f th e 250-499 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t group r e p o r t e d h a v in g a program , and o n ly 50 p e r c e n t o f th e s m a l l e s t group r e p o r t e d h a v in g p r o v i s i o n f o r s a b b a t i c a l l e a v e . Region I I c o n ta in e d th e l a r g e s t p e r c e n ta g e (83.3%) o f i n s t i t u t i o n s which p r o v id e d s a b b a t i c a l l e a v e s w ith pay f o r f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y . S e v e n t y - f i v e p e r c e n t o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n s in Region IV r e p o r t e d such p ro g ra m s, and 66.7 p e r - 67 TABLE 16 P r o v is io n fo r S a b b a t ic a l Leave fo r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eograp h ic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d en t E n rollm en t 1-249 N-14 250-499 500 & over T o ta l N=15 N=14 N=43 Proqrarn A v a ila b le Num b e r • P er c e n t Num b e r P er c e n t Num- Per b e r c e n t Num b er Per c e n t Yes No No Response 7 7 5 0 .0 5 0 .0 9 5 1 6 0 .0 3 3.3 6 .7 14 100.0 30 12 1 69.8 27.9 2.3 T o ta ls 14 1 0 0 .0 15 100.0 14 100.0 43 100.0 G eo g rap h ic Region N Proqram Num Available b e r I =6 N - Per Num' c e n t b e r I I =18 - P er c e n t I I I IV N = ll N=8 Num- Per Num- P er b e r c e n t b e r c e n t T o t a l N=43 Num- Per b e r c e n t Yes 4 6 6 .7 15 S 3.3 5 4 5 .5 6 7 5 .0 30 69.8 No 2 33.3 2 1 1 .1 6 54.5 2 2 5 .0 12 27.9 No Response - — 1 5 .6 — — — — 1 2.3 T o ta ls 6 1 00.0 IS 1 0 0 .0 11 100.0 8 100.0 43 100.0 68 c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s in Region I r e p o r t e d such program . As shown in T ab le 16, Region III c o n ta in e d more i n s t i t u t i o n s n o t h a v in g s a b b a t i c a l program s th a n th o s e which d i d , w ith only 45.5 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t i n g t h a t such p r o grams w ere in e f f e c t . Recency o f th e p ro g ram . — Of th e t h i r t y i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t i n g s a b b a t i c a l le a v e program s f o r f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y , f o u r te e n (46.6%) r e p o r t e d e s t a b l i s h i n g such program s s in c e 196 0, as r e p o r t e d in T able 17. No programs were r e p o r t e d to be in e x i s t e n c e p r i o r t o 1946, a lth o u g h f o u r (13.3%) i n s t i t u t i o n s were n o t c e r t a i n when t h e i r program s were e s t a b l i s h e d . I n s t i t u t i o n s in t h e 250-499 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t en r o llm e n t s i z e r e p o r t e d t h a t 66.6 p e r c e n t o f program s were e s t a b l i s h e d s i n c e 1960. The o t h e r two groups r e p o r t e d a somewhat e a r l i e r developm ent. Region I I I had th e h i g h e s t p e r c e n ta g e (80%) o f s a b b a t i c a l le a v e program s i n s t i t u t e d s in c e 1960, and Region I I r e p o r t e d th e lo w e s t p e r c e n ta g e (33.4%) o f s a b b a t i c a l leav e program s e s t a b l i s h e d s in c e 196 0. Complete d a ta a re p r e s e n te d i n T a b le 17. F u tu re p la n s f o r s a b b a t i c a l le a v e w ith pay p r o grams . — Of t h e tw elv e (27.9%) i n s t i t u t i o n s which r e p o r t e d t h a t a program o f f a c u l t y s a b b a t i c a l le a v e w ith pay d id n o t e x i s t , fo u r (25%) i n d i c a t e d p la n s t o im plem ent su ch a TABLE 17 Recency of the Establishment of Sabbatical Leave with Pay Programs for Full-Time Faculty in Bible Colleges By Size of Institution and Geographic Region Fall, 1970, Full-Time Student Enrollment 1-249 250-499 500 & over Total Program E s t a b l i s h e d N Num b e r '=7 Per c e n t N Num b e r =9 P er c e n t N= Num b e r 14 Per ce n t N= Num b e r =30 ■ P er c e n t 1966-1971 1 14.3 4 4 4 .4 2 14.3 7 23.3 1961-1965 2 28.5 2 22.2 3 21.4 7 23.3 1956-1960 1 14.3 1 11.1 2 14.3 4 13.3 1951-1955 1 14.3 1 11.1 1 7.1 3 10.0 1946-1950 — — — — 2 14.3 2 6 .7 Pre 1946 - - — — — -- — ' — — Not C e r ta in 1 14.3 1 11.1 2 14.3 4 13.3 No Response 1 14.3 — — 2 14.3 3 10.0 T o ta ls 7 100.0 9 100 . 0a 14 100.0 30 100 . 0a G eo g rap h ic Region I I I I I I IV T o t a l Program N=4 N = =15 N = =5 N = =6 N==30 E s ta b Num Per Num - Per Num - Per Num - P er Num■ Per l i s h e d b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t 1966-1971 2 5 0 .0 1 6 .7 2 4 0 .0 2 ' 3 3 .3 7 23.3 1961-1965 — — 4 26.7 2 4 0 .0 1 16.7 7 23.3 1956-1960 — — 2 13.3 — — 2 33.3 4 13.3 1951-1955 — — 3 2 0 .0 — — — — 3 10.0 1946-1950 — — 2 1 3.3 — — — — 2 6 .7 Pre 1946 Not C e r ta in 1 25.0 2 13.3 — — 1 . 16.7 4 13.3 No Response 1 25.0 1 6 .7 1 20.0 — — 3 10.0 T o t a l s 4 100.0 15 10 0 .0 5 100.0 6 100.0 30 100 . 0J aRoun de d f i g u r e . 70 program w i t h i n t h e n e x t th r e e y e a r s . F our (25%) i n s t i t u t i o n s i n d i c a t e d t h a t a s a b b a t i c a l program would n o t be i n s t i t u t e d ; fo u r (25%) were u n c e r t a i n , and fo u r (25%) d id n o t re sp o n d t o th e q u e s t i o n . A d i r e c t r e l a t i o n s h i p was found t o e x i s t between th e s i z e o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n as r e f l e c t e d i n f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o l l m e n t , and f u t u r e p la n s f o r s a b b a t i c a l le a v e p r o grams. As shown in T a b le 18, a l l i n s t i t u t i o n s in th e 500 and o v e r f u l l - t i m e s tu d e n t e n r o llm e n t group had p rogram s. Two o u t o f f iv e (40%) i n s t i t u t i o n s i n th e 250-499 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o l lm e n t group r e p o r t e d p la n s t o im plem ent p r o gram s, b u t o n ly one o u t o f seven (14.3%) i n th e 1-2 49 f u l l tim e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t group so i n d i c a t e d . By g e o g ra p h ic a r e a , Region I I I c o n ta in e d th e most i n s t i t u t i o n s w ith o u t program s f o r f a c u l t y s a b b a t i c a l le a v e w ith p ay . Only two o u t o f s i x (33.3%) r e s p o n d e n ts , however, i n d i c a t e d p la n s t o i n s t i t u t e such a program w i t h i n th e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s . F i f t y p e r c e n t o f t h e i n s t i t u t i o n s i n Region IV h ad p l a n s t o im plem ent such a program w i t h i n t h r e e y e a r s , and r e s p o n d e n ts i n Region I and I I were e i t h e r u n c e r t a i n as to f u t u r e p la n s o r d id n o t re sp o n d t o th e q u e s t i o n . Com p l e t e d a t a a re g iv e n i n Table 18. N o n - S a b b a tic a l Leave (Leave o f Absence) T h i r t y - f o u r re sp o n d e n ts (79.1%) i n d i c a t e d t h a t f a c u l t y a t t h e i r i n s t i t u t i o n s were a llo w e d to ta k e non- 71 TABLE 18 Future Plans for Implementing Sabbatical Leave with Pay Programs for Full-Time Faculty in Bible Colleges by Size of Institution and Geographic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t Proqram P lan n ed W ith in 3 Y ears 1- N Num b e r 249 =7 Per c e n t 250-499 500 & over N=5 N=0 Num- P er Num- P er b e r c e n t b e r c e n t T o ta l N=12 Num- Per b e r c e n t Yes No Not C e r ta in No Response 1 2 2 2 14.3 2 8 .6 2 8 .6 2 8 .6 2 4 0 .0 — — 1 2 0 .0 — — 1 20.0 — — 1 2 0 .0 — — 3 25.0 3 25.0 3 25.0 3 25.0 T o ta ls 7 100 . 0a 5 1 00.0 — — G eo g rap h ic Region 12 100.0 Proqram P lan n ed N W ith in Num 3 Y ears b e r I =2 - Per Num c e n t b e r I I I I I IV N=2 N=6 N=2 - P er Num- Per Num- Per c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t T o ta l N=12 Num- Per b e r c e n t Yes No Not Certain 1 No Response 1 50 50 .0 — .0 2 2 33.3 1 50.0 3 5 0 .0 — — 1 16.7 1 50.0 100.0 — — — — 3 25.0 3 2 5.0 3 25.0 3 2 5.0 T o t a l s 2 100 .0 2 100.0 6 100.0 2 100.0 12 100.0 ^Rounded figure. s a b b a t i c a l le a v e s (le a v e o f a b s e n c e ) . In seven i n s t i t u t i o n s (16.3%) t h i s p r i v i l e g e was n o t g r a n te d . In one i n s t i t u t i o n (2.3%) t h e r e was no w r i t t e n p o l i c y g o v e rn in g th e m a t t e r , and one re sp o n d e n t (2.3%) d id n o t answer th e q u e s t i o n . No a tte m p t was made t o a s c e r t a i n pay p o l i c i e s p r e v a i l i n g d u r in g th e n o n - s a b b a t i c a l le a v e p e r i o d . The l a r g e s t p o s i t i v e re sp o n s e was giv en by i n s t i t u t i o n s o f 250-499 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t. R espondents in f o u r t e e n o f th e f i f t e e n (93.3%) i n s t i t u t i o n s i n d i c a t e d t h a t n o n - s a b b a t i c a l l e a v e s o f a b sen ce were g r a n te d to f a c u l t y . E leven o f th e f o u r te e n (78.6%) l a r g e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s i n d i c a t e d t h a t p r o v i s i o n was made f o r n o n - s a b b a t i c a l le a v e s o f a b s e n c e , b u t o n ly 6 4 .3 p e r c e n t o f th e s m a l l e r i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t e d t h i s p r o v i s i o n . F u r th e r d e t a i l i s shown in Table 19. When a n a ly z e d by g e o g ra p h ic r e g i o n , l i t t l e d i f f e r en ce was found t o e x i s t among i n s t i t u t i o n s p e r t a i n i n g t o th e e x i s t e n c e o f p r o v i s i o n f o r n o n - s a b b a t i c a l l e a v e s o f ab se n c e . The p e r c e n ta g e o f i n s t i t u t i o n s h a v in g program s ran g e d betw een 72.2 and 87.5 p e r c e n t . O th e r d e t a i l i s shown in T able 19. S e c u r i ty o f p o s i t i o n upon r e t u r n . — N o n - s a b b a tic a l le a v e o f ab sen ce w i th o u t th e a s s u r a n c e o f a p o s i t i o n a t th e i n s t i t u t i o n upon r e t u r n would h a r d l y seem t o q u a l i f y as a f r i n g e b e n e f i t . Of t h e t h i r t y - f o u r i n s t i t u t i o n s i n d i c a t i n g 73 'TABLE 19 Existence of Provision for Non Sabbatical Leaves of Absence for Full-Time Faculty in Bible Colleges by Age of Institution and Geographic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t Proqram A v a ila b le 1-249 N=14 Num- Per b e r c e n t 250-499 N=15 Num- P er b e r c e n t 500 & over N=14 Num- P er b e r c e n t T o t a l N=43 Num- Per b e r c e n t Yes No No Response No P o lic y 9 64.3 4 28.6 1 7.1 14 9 3 .3 1 6 .7 11 7 8 .6 2 14.3 1 7 .1 34 7 9 .1 7 16.3 . 1 2.3 1 2.3 • T o ta ls 14 100.0 15 100.0 14 100.0 43 100.0 G eo g rap h ic Region N Proqram Num Available b e r I I I I I I IV =6 N - 1 8 N = ll N=8 Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t T o t a l N=43 Num- Per b e r c e n t Yes 5 No 1 No Response — No P o lic y — 83.3 13 16.7 4 1 72.2 9 22.2 2 5 .6 — 8 1 .8 7 8 7 .5 18.2 — — 1 12.5 34 79.1 7 16.3 1 2 .3 1 2 .3 T o t a l s 6 100.0 18 100.0 11 : 100.0 8 100.0 43 100.0 74 p r o v i s i o n f o r n o n - s a b b a t i c a l le a v e o f a b s e n c e , t h i r t y - t h r e e (97.1%) i n d i c a t e d t h a t th e p o s i t i o n and s a l a r y o f th e f a c u l t y member on le a v e w ould be a s s u r e d t o him upon h i s r e t u r n . The one e x c e p tio n was found in t h e 250-499 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t s i z e g ro u p , and in Region XV. Recency o f th e p ro g ra m . — I t was im p o s s ib le t o a s c e r t a i n w ith any d eg ree o f a c cu racy when th e n o n - s a b b a t i c a l le a v e o f ab sen ce program s were a d o p ted inasm uch as sev en te e n o u t o f t h i r t y - f o u r (50%) o f th e re s p o n d e n ts w ere e i t h e r u n c e r t a i n o f th e d a te o r d id n o t re sp o n d to th e q u e s t i o n . As can be deduced from T a b le 20, how ever, o f th o se s e v e n te e n r e s p o n d e n ts who d id s p e c i f y a d a t e , n in e (52.9%) i n d i c a t e d t h a t th e program was e s t a b l i s h e d a f t e r 1960. I n fo r m a tio n r e l a t i v e to th e im p le m e n ta tio n o f a n o n - s a b b a t i c a l le a v e o f ab sen ce program by s i z e o f i n s t i t u t i o n o r by g e o g ra p h ic r e g io n was e q u a l l y s k e tc h y . However, as shown i n T a b le 20, i n s t i t u t i o n s in Region I a p p e a re d t o have im p lem en ted program s o f n o n - s a b b a t i c a l le a v e s somewhat e a r l i e r th a n t h e o t h e r r e g i o n s , b u t the number r e p o r t i n g a d a te was to o s m a ll f o r m e a n in g fu l com parison. F u tu r e p la n s f o r f a c u l t y n o n - s a b b a t i c a l l e a v e s o f a b s e n c e . — Of t h e n in e i n s t i t u t i o n s which r e p o r t e d t h a t f a c u l t y n o n - s a b b a t i c a l le a v e o f absence program s d id n o t e x i s t , none r e p o r t e d t h a t such p l a n s w ere in p r o g r e s s . F our (44.4%) r e p o r t e d t h a t su ch p r o v is i o n was n o t b e in g p la n n e d ; 75 TABLE 20 Recency of Non Sabbatical Leave of Absence Provision for Full-Time Faculty in Bible Colleges by Size of Institution and Geographic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t 1-249 N=9 250-499 500 & o v e r T o ta l N=14 N = ll N=34 Proqram Established Num ber ■ Per cent Num ber Per cent Num ber Per cent Num ber Per cent 1966-1971 1 11.1 1 7 .1 1 9 .1 3 8 .8 1961-1965 2 22.2 3 2 1.4 1 9 .1 6 17.6 1956-1960 — — 1 7.1 — — 1 2.9 1951-1955 1 11.1 1 7 .1 2 18.1 4 11.8 1946-1950 1 11.1 — — 1 9 .1 2 5.9 Pre 1946 1 11.1 - - — — -- 1 2.9 Not certain 1 11.1 4 28.6 3 27.3 8 23.5 No Response 2 22.2 4 28.6 3 27.3 9 26.5 Totals 9 100 . 0a 14 100 . 0a 11 100.0 34 1 0 0 . 0a Geographic Region I II III IV Total Proqram N=■ 5 N= 13 N== 9 N=7 N=:34 E s ta b Num Per Num Per Num Per Num Per Num Per l i s h e d b e r c e n t b er c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t 1966-1971 _ — _ — 1 7 .7 1 11.1 1 14.3 3 8 .8 1961-1965 — --- 4 3 0 .7 1 1 1 . 1 1 14.3 6 17.6 1956-1960 — --- — — — — 1 14.3 1 2 .9 1951-1955 1 20.0 3 2 3 .1 — — — — 4 11.8 1946-1950 1 2 0 .0 1 7 .7 — — — — 2 5 .9 Pre 1946 — — 1 7 .7 — — — — 1 2.9 Not C ertain 1 2 0 .0 2 15.4 4 4 4 .4 1 14.3 8 23.5 No Response 2 4 0 .0 1 7 .7 3 3 3.3 3 4 2 .8 9 2 6 .5 T o t a ls 5 100.0 13 100.0 9 100 . 0a 7 100.0 34 ioo.oa aRounded f i g u r e s . 76 two (22.2%) were n o t c e r t a i n ; and t h r e e (33.3%) d id n o t re sp o n d t o th e q u e s t i o n . When th e d a t a w ere an a ly z e d by s i z e o f i n s t i t u t i o n , i t was found t h a t th e s m a l l e r i n s t i t u t i o n s , th e 1-2 49 f u l l tim e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t g roup, t y p i c a l l y d id n o t have p r o v i s i o n f o r n o n - s a b b a t i c a l le a v e o f a b s e n c e , and t y p i c a l l y d id n o t p la n t o im plem ent one. Only one i n s t i t u t i o n in th e 2 50-499 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t group d id n o t have such p r o v i s i o n b u t p la n s f o r im p le m e n ta tio n were u n c e r t a i n . F u r t h e r d a ta r e l a t i n g t o p la n s f o r th e im p le m e n ta tio n of p r o v i s i o n s f o r f a c u l t y n o n - s a b b a t i c a l l e a v e s by s i z e of i n s t i t u t i o n and g e o g ra p h ic re g io n a re found i n T ab le 21. S ick Leave P r o v is i o n f o r f a c u l t y s i c k le a v e was found to be q u i t e p r e v a l e n t . T h i r t y - s e v e n (86% ) o f i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t e d t h a t such p r o v i s i o n e x i s t e d . F iv e (11.6%) r e p o r t e d t h a t such p r o v i s i o n d id n o t e x i s t , and one (2.3%) d i d n o t re sp o n d t o th e q u e s t i o n . As shown i n Table 22, an in v e r s e r e l a t i o n s h i p was found t o e x i s t betw een t h e s i z e o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n and p r o v i s i o n f o r f a c u l t y s ic k le a v e . A h ig h p e r c e n ta g e o f a l l i n s t i t u t i o n s by s i z e c a te g o r y , how ever, d i d have program s i n e x i s t e n c e . Almost 9 3 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s i n th e s m a l l e s t s i z e group r e p o r t e d p r o v is i o n f o r f a c u l t y s ic k le a v e . 77 TABLE 21 F u tu re P la n s f o r th e im p le m e n ta tio n o f N o n -S a b b a tic a l Leave o f Absence f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t Proqram P la n - 1-249 ned W ith in N=5 3 Y ears Num- Per b e r c e n t 250-499 N=1 Num- Per b e r c e n t 500 & o v e r T o ta l N=3 N=9 Num- P er Num- Per b e r c e n t b e r c e n t Yes No Not Certain No Response 3 6 0 .0 2 4 0 .0 T o t a l s 5 100.0 1 100.0 1 100.0 1 33.3 1 33.3 1 33.3 4 4 4 .4 2 22.2 3 33.3 3 100. 0a 9 100. 03 Geographic Region Program I II m IV T o ta l Planned N=1 N=5 N=2 N=1 N=9 W ith in Num- P er Num- Per Num- P er Num- P er Num- Per 3 Years b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t No 1 100.0 2 4 0 .0 1 5 0 .0 — — 4 4 4 .4 Not Certain — — 1 2 0 .0 1 5 0 .0 — — 2 22.2 No Response — — 2 4 0 .0 — — 1 100.0 3 33.3 T o t a l s 1 100.0 5 100.0 2 100.0 1 100.0 9 1 0 0 .0a ^Rounded f i g u r e s 78 TABLE 22 P r o v i s i o n f o r S ic k Leave f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G e o g ra p h ic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t 1-249 250-499 500 & o v e r T o t a l Program N=14 N=15 N-14 N=43 A v a i l a b l e Num- P er Num- P e r Num- Per Num- P er b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t Yes 13 9 2 .9 13 8 6 .7 11 7 8 .6 37 8 6 .0 No — — 2 15.3 3 21.4 5 1 1 .6 No R e sp o n se 1 7 .1 — — — — 1 2.3 T o t a l s 14 100.0 15 100.0 14 100.0 43 1 0 0 .0a G eo g rap h ic R egion I I I I I I IV T o t a l Proqram N=6 N=18 N = ll N=8 N=43 A v a i l - Nurn- P e r Num'- p e r Num- P er Num- P er Num- P e r a b l e b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t Yes 6 1 00.0 No — — No Response — — 16 2 8 8 .9 11.1 9 2 8 1 .8 1 8.2 6 7 5 .0 37 8 6 .0 1 1 2 .5 5 1 1 .6 1 1 2 .5 1 2.3 T o t a l s 6 1 00.0 18 1 00.0 11 100.0 8 1 00.0 43 1 0 0 .0a a R o u n d ed f i g u r e s . 79 By r e g i o n , th e e x i s t e n c e o f t h i s p r o v is i o n ran g ed betw een 100 p e r c e n t i n Region I , t o 75 p e r c e n t in Region IV. I n s t i t u t i o n s i n Region I I and Region I I I r e p o r t e d s i m i l a r p e r c e n ta g e s w ith 88.9 p e r c e n t and 81.8 p e r c e n t r e s p e c t i v e l y i n d i c a t i n g t h a t s ic k le a v e p r o v i s i o n s f o r f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y e x i s t e d . F u r th e r d e t a i l i s c o n ta in e d in T able 22. F a c u lty f i n a n c i a l re m u n e ra tio n d u rin g s ic k l e a v e . — Of th e t h i r t y - s e v e n i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t i n g t h e e x i s t e n c e o f p r o v i s i o n f o r f a c u l t y s ic k l e a v e , 100 p e r c e n t r e p o r t e d t h a t f a c u l t y c o n tin u e d to r e c e i v e s a l a r y d u rin g s ic k l e a v e . No a tte m p t was made t o a s c e r t a i n t h e le n g th o f tim e o v er which s a l a r y w ould c o n tin u e . Recency o f p r o v i s i o n f o r f a c u l t y s ic k l e a v e . — Of th o se a d m i n i s t r a t o r s who r e p o r t e d s i c k le a v e p r o v is i o n s f o r f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y , 40.5 p e r c e n t w ere e i t h e r u n c e r t a i n o f t h e d a te a t which th e p r o v i s i o n was i n s t i t u t e d , o r d id n o t resp o n d t o th e q u e s t i o n . Nine (24.3%) r e p o r t e d t h a t th e program was i n s t i t u t e d s in c e 1960, and te n (27%) r e p o r t e d t h a t th e p r o v i s i o n was i n s t i t u t e d betw een 19 55 and 1960. Only one i n s t i t u t i o n (2.7%) r e p o r t e d h a v in g such p r o v i s i o n p r i o r t o 19 46. Com plete d a t a by s i z e o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n and g e o g ra p h ic re g io n a re r e p o r t e d i n T able 23. F u tu re p la n s f o r f a c u l t y s ic k l e a v e . —Among th e f iv e i n s t i t u t i o n s n o t h a v in g p r o v i s i o n f o r f a c u l t y s ic k 80 TABLE 23 Recency o f t h e P r o v is i o n f o r S ick Leave f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region F a l l . 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t 1-249 N=13 250-499 500 & o v e r T o t a l s N=13 N =ll N=37 Proqram Established Num ber Per cent Num ber ■ Per cent Num ber ■ Per cent Num ber ■ Per cent 1966-1971 2 15.4 1 7 .7 1 9 .1 4 10.8 1961-1965 2 15.4 1 7 .7 2 1 8.2 5 13.5 1956-1960 2 15.4 6 4 6 .1 2 1 8 .2 10 27.0 1951-1955 — — -- — — — — — 1946-1950 1 7.7 — — 1 9 .1 2 5.4 Pre 1946 1 7.7 — — — — 1 2.7 Not Certain 2 14.4 1 . 7 .7 1 9 .1 4 10.8 No Response 3 23.0 4 30.8 4 3 6 .3 11 29.7 Totals l? 100.0 13 100.0 11 100.0 3? 100 . 0a G eo g rap h ic Region I I I I I I IV T o t a l Proqram N=■ 6 N=16 N== 9 N=6 N=■31 Estab Num Per Num Per Num■ Per Num Per Num ■ Per lished ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent 1966-1971 _____ ------- 3 33.3 1 16.7 4 10.8 1961-1965 1 16.7 3 18.8 — — 1 16.7 5 13.5 1956-1960 — — 4 25.0 3 33.3 3 50.0 10 27.0 1951-1955 1946-1950 2 33.3 2 5 .4 Pre 1946 — — 1 6.2 1 2 .7 Not Certain — — 1 6.2 3 33.3 — — 4 10.8 NoRespcnse 3 5 0.0 7 4 3 .8 — — 1 16.7 11 29.7 Totals; 6 100.0 16 100.0 9 1 0 0 . 0a 6 10 0 . 0^ 37 100 .0a aR ounded f i g u r e s . 81 le a v e , two (40%) r e p o r t e d t h a t such p r o v i s i o n would be im p lem en ted w i t h i n th e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s . One (20%) i n d i c a t e d t h a t such p r o v i s i o n was n o t b e in g p la n n e d , and two (40%) d id n o t re sp o n d t o th e q u e s t i o n . As shown in T a b le 24, a l l i n s t i t u t i o n s i n th e 1-249 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t s i z e c a te g o r y had p r o v is i o n f o r f a c u l t y s i c k l e a v e . A ll i n s t i t u t i o n s in Region I a l s o had such p r o v i s i o n . The two i n s t i t u t i o n s i n Region I I I which d id n o t have p r o v i s i o n f o r s i c k le a v e , p la n n e d t o im plem ent such w i t h i n t h r e e y e a r s . F a c u lty P r o f e s s i o n a l T r a v e l Expense A l l i n s t i t u t i o n s re sp o n d in g t o th e q u e s t i o n n a i r e i n d i c a t e d t h a t f a c u l t y were re im b u rs e d f o r p r o f e s s i o n a l t r a v e l . Of th e f o r t y - t h r e e r e s p o n d in g , how ever, t h i r t y - t h r e e (76.7%) r e p o r t e d t h a t a p p ro v a l f o r p r o f e s s i o n a l t r a v e l had to be r e c e i v e d from a p e rso n beyond th e d e p a r t ment h ead. L i t t l e v a r i a t i o n on reim b u rsem en t p r a c t i c e a f f e c t in g f a c u l t y p r o f e s s i o n a l t r a v e l e x i s t e d by s i z e o f i n s t i t u t i o n as shown in T able 25. A h ig h p e r c e n ta g e o f a d m in is t r a t o r s i n a l l s i z e o f i n s t i t u t i o n c a t e g o r i e s r e p o r t e d t h a t i t was n e c e s s a r y f o r f a c u l t y members t o r e c e i v e a p p ro v a l f o r p r o f e s s i o n a l t r a v e l from someone beyond th e d e p a rtm e n t h ead . Such a p p ro v a l was r e q u i r e d in 71.4 p e r c e n t o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n s in th e l a r g e s t s i z e c a te g o r y ; 80 p e r c e n t o f 82 TABLE 24 Future Plans for the Implementation of Sick Leave for Full-Time Faculty in Bible Colleges by Size of Institution and Geographic Region Fall, 1970, Full-Time Student Enrollment Proqram Planned Within 3 Years 1-249 N=0 Num- Per ber cent 250-499 N=2 Num- Per ber cent 500 & over N=3 Num- Per ber cent Total N=5 Num- Per ber cent Yes NO No Response — — 1 5 0 .0 1 5 0 .0 1 33.3 1 33.3 I 33.3 2 4 0 .0 1 20.0 2 4 0 .0 , Totals — 2 1 0 0 .0 3 1 0 0 .0a 5 100.0 Geographic Region Proqram I I I i l l IV T o t a l P la n n e d N=0 N=2 N=2 N=1 N=5 W ith in Num- Per Num- Per Num- P e r Num- P er Num- Per 3 Y ears b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r . c e n t b e r c e n t Yes — — — — 2 100.0 — — 2 4 0 .0 No — — — — — — 1 100.0 1 20.0 No Response — — 2 100.0 — — — — 2 4 0 .0 T o t a l s — — 2 100.0 2 100.0 1 100.0 5 100.0 aR ounded f i g u r e . 83 TABLE 2 5 P r o v is i o n f o r P r o f e s s i o n a l T r a v e l Expense Reim bursem ent f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo graphic Region F a c u l t y Reim bursed f o r A pp ro v al Needed Be F a l l , 1970, P r o f e s s i o n a l T r a v e l yond D iv is io n Head F u ll-T im e Yes NO Yes No E n ro llm e n t Num- P er Num P er Num Per Num- P e r b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r cant 1-249 14 100.0 — — 11 78.6 3 21.4 250-499 15 1 0 0 .0 — — 12 8 0 .0 3 2 0 .0 500 & o v e r 14 100.0 — — 10 71.4 4 2 8 .5 T o t a l 43 1 0 0 .0 0 00 33 76.7 10 23.3 R eq io n s I 6 1 0 0 .0 6 100.0 I I 18 1 0 0 .0 — — 12 66.7 6 33.3 I I I 11 1 0 0 .0 — — 8 72.7 3 27.3 IV 8 1 0 0 .0 — — 7 8 7 .5 1 1 2 .5 T o t a l 43 100.0 0 00 33 76.7 10 23.3 84 i n s t i t u t i o n s i n th e 2 50-499 s i z e c a te g o r y , and 78.6 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s i n th e 1-2 49 s i z e c a te g o r y . G r e a te r v a r i a t i o n e x i s t e d by g e o g ra p h ic re g io n th an by s i z e o f i n s t i t u t i o n w ith r e f e r e n c e to a p p ro v a l f o r f a c u l t y p r o f e s s i o n a l t r a v e l as shown i n Table 25. In Region I, 100 p e r c e n t o f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s r e p o r t e d t h a t f a c u l t y were r e q u i r e d to o b ta in a p p ro v a l f o r p r o f e s s i o n a l t r a v e l from someone beyond th e d e p a rtm e n t h ea d . In Region I I , t h i s p e r c e n ta g e dropped t o 6 6 .7 . A d m in is tr a to r s i n Region I I I r e p o r t e d 72.7 p e r c e n t , and i n Region IV, 87.5 p e r c e n t . Recency o f program s f o r p r o f e s s i o n a l t r a v e l . — Ap p r o x im a te ly o n e - t h i r d o f th e r e p o r t i n g i n s t i t u t i o n s (34.9%) w ere e i t h e r u n c e r t a i n as t o th e d a te when p r o v i s i o n was made f o r f a c u l t y p r o f e s s i o n a l t r a v e l , o r d id n o t resp o n d to th e q u e s t i o n . Only 2 0 .9 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s d id n o t have such program in e x i s t e n c e by 1960. Between 1956 and 19 60, te n i n s t i t u t i o n s (2 3.3%) im plem ented a p l a n , and o n ly f o u r i n s t i t u t i o n s (9.3%) had such a program i n e f f e c t p r i o r t o 1946. D e t a i l e d in f o r m a tio n by s i z e o f i n s t i t u t i o n and g e o g ra p h ic re g io n i s g iv en i n T ab le 26. F a c u lty Fam ily E d u c a tio n A very h ig h p e r c e n ta g e (90.7%) o f i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t e d t h a t t u i t i o n f o r f a c u l t y c h i l d r e n was w aived. Only f o u r o u t o f f o r t y - t h r e e (9.3%) d id n o t have such a p r o v i s i o n . No i n q u i r y was made as t o p o l i c i e s r e g u l a t i n g 85 TABLE 26 Recency o f P r o v is io n f o r P r o f e s s i o n a l T r a v e l Expense R eim bursem ent f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo graphic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t 1-249 N=14 250-499 500 & o v er T o t a l N=15 N=14 N=43 Proqram E s t a b l i s h e d Num b e r • P er c e n t Num b e r ■ Per c e n t Num b e r • Per c e n t Num b e r Per c e n t 1966-1971 1 7.1 2 13.3 2 14.3 5 11.6 1961-1965 1 7 .1 1 6 .7 2 14.3 4 9 .3 1956-1960 2 14.3 6 4 0 .0 2 14.3 10 23.3 1951-1955 1 7 .1 — — — — 1 2.3 1946-1950 2 1 4.3 2 13.3 — — 4 9 .3 P re 1946 1 7 .1 1 6 .7 2 14.3 4 9 .3 Not C e r t a i n 3 2 1 .4 2 13.3 1 7 .1 6 14.0 No Response 3 2 1.4 1 6.7 5 35.7 9 20.9 T o t a l s 14 1 0 0 . 0a 15 100.0 14 100.0 43 100.0 G eo g rap h ic Region I I I I I I IV T o t a l proqram N==6 N==18 N==11 N=8 N=43 E s ta b - Num-• Per Num■ Per Num• Per Num P er Num- Per l i s h e d b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t 1966-1971 — _____ 2 1 1 .1 2 18.2 1 1 2 .5 5 11.6 1961-1965 1 16.7 2 11.1 — — 1 1 2 .5 4 9 .3 1956-1960 1 16.7 3 16.7 3 27.2 3 3 7 .5 10 23.3 1951-1955 — — 1 5 .6 — — — — 1 2.3 1946-1950 1 16.7 1 5 .6 1 9 .1 1 12.5 4 9 .3 Pre 1946 — 4 22.2 — — — — 4 9.3 Not Certain — 2 11.1 4 3 6 .4 — — 6 14.0 No Re spanse 3 5 0 .0 3 16.7 1 9 .1 2 2 5 .0 9 20.9 T o t a l s 6 10 0 . 0a 18 10 0 . 0a 11 100.0 8 100.0 43 100.0 a Rounded f i g u r e s . 86 w a iv e r , o r o t h e r d e t a i l s r e g a r d i n g th e program . P r o v is io n f o r t u i t i o n w a iv e r f o r f a c u l t y c h i l d r e n was h ig h f o r i n s t i t u t i o n s o f a l l s i z e s . However, as shown in T able 2 7, t h a t group c o n t a i n i n g th e l a r g e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s f e l l somewhat below th e o t h e r two groups i n th e e x t e n t to w hich t u i t i o n w a iv e r f o r f a c u l t y c h i l d r e n was p ro v id e d . By r e g i o n , 100 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s in a l l geo g r a p h i c re g io n s b u t one r e p o r t e d p r o v i s i o n f o r t u i t i o n w a iv e r . Region I I c o n ta in e d f o u r i n s t i t u t i o n s (22.2%) w hich d id n o t have such p r o v i s i o n . Recency o f th e p ro q ra m . — As shown in Table 2 8 , most o f th e r e p o r t e d program s p r o v id i n g t u i t i o n w a iv e r f o r f a c u l t y c h i l d r e n were e s t a b l i s h e d p r i o r t o 1951. A s i z e a b l e p e r c e n ta g e (35.8%) o f i n s t i t u t i o n s w ere e i t h e r u n c e r t a i n o f th e d a te a t which t h e program was i n s t i t u t e d , , o r d id n o t re sp o n d t o th e q u e s t i o n . Only fo u r (10.3%) i n s t i t u t i o n s d id n o t have such p r o v i s i o n by 1965. The s m a l l e r i n s t i t u t i o n s t y p i c a l l y p ro v id e d such b e n e f i t a t a l a t e r d a te th a n d i d th e l a r g e r o n e s , w ith 15.4 p e r c e n t o f t h e 1-249 s i z e group e s t a b l i s h i n g such b e n e f i t s i n c e 1965. The group o f l a r g e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s t y p i c a l l y (5 8.4%) were e i t h e r u n su re o f th e d a te a t which th e p r o v i s io n was i n s t i t u t e d o r d id n o t re sp o n d t o th e q u e s t i o n . Every i n s t i t u t i o n in Region I I I had p r o v is i o n f o r t u i t i o n w a iv e r f o r f a c u l t y c h i l d r e n p r i o r t o 19 61, b u t 36.3 87 TABLE 27 P r o v i s i o n f o r W aiver o f T u i t i o n f o r C h ild r e n o f F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t Program A v a i l a b l e 1-249 N=15 Num- Per b e r c e n t 250-499 ’ N=15 Num- Per b e r c e n t 500 & o v er N=14 Num- Per b e r c e n t T o t a l N=43 Num- P er b e r c e n t Yes No 13 9 2 .9 1 7 .1 14 9 3 .3 1 6 .7 12 8 5 .7 2 14.3 39 9 0 .7 4 9 .3 T o t a l s 14 100.0 15 1 00.0 G eo g rap h ic 14 100.0 R egion 43 100.0 Program N A v a i l - Num a b l e b e r I I I I I I IV =6 N=18 N =ll N=8 - P er Num- P er Num- P er Num- P e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t T o t a l N=43 Num- P er b e r c e n t Yes 6 1 0 0 .0 14 7 7 .8 l l 100.0 8 1 0 0 .0 39 9 0 .7 No — — 4 2 2 .2 — — — — 4 9 .3 T o t a l s 6 1 0 0 .0 18 1 0 0 .0 11 1 0 0 .0 8 1 0 0 .0 43 1 0 0 .0 88 TABLE 28 Recency of Provision for Waiver of Tuition for Children of Full-Time Faculty in Bible Colleges by Age of Institution and Geographic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t 1-249 N=13 250-499 N=14 500 & o ver T o t a l N=12 N=39 Proqram E s t a b l i s h e d Num- P er b e r c e n t Num b e r Per Num- c e n t b e r - Per Num- c e n t b er - Per c e n t 1966-1971 1961-1965 1956-1960 1951-1955 1946-1950 P re 1946 Not C e r ta in No Response 2 1 5 .4 1 7 .7 3 2 3 .1 2 15.4 1 7 .7 4 3 0 .7 1 2 3 3 3 2 7 .1 1 14.3 2 1 .4 1 1 2 1 .4 1 2 1.4 1 1 4.3 2 5 8 .3 4 3 8 .3 4 8 .3 1 8 .3 7 8 .3 6 16.7 5 4 1 .7 9 10.3 7.7 10.3 2.6 17.9 15.4 12.8 23.0 T o t a l s 13 1 00.0 14 1 00 . 0a 12 1 0 0 .0a 39 100.0 G eo g rap h ic Region I Program N= E s t a b - Num- l i s h e d b e r I I 6 N=14 Per Num- P er c e n t b e r c e n t I I I N = ll Num- Per b e r c e n t IV T o ta l N=8 N=39 Num- P er Num- Per b e r c e n t b e r c e n t 1966-1971 — 1961-1965 1 1956-1960 — 1951-1955 1 1946-1950 1 P re 1946 FDtCertain No Response 3 2 16.7 1 1 16.7 — 16.7 3 4 1 50.0 2 1 4.3 7 .1 7 .1 2 1 .4 28.6 7 .1 1 4.3 2 18.2 2 18.2 2 18.2 4 36.3 1 9 .1 2 25.0 1 12.5 1 12.5 1 12.5 3 37.5 4 10.3 3 7 .7 4 10.3 1 2 .6 7 17.9 6 15.4 5 12.8 9 2 3.0 T o t a l s 6 1 0 0 .0a 14 100 . 0;a 11 100.0 8 100.0 39 100.0 ^Rounded f i g u r e s . 89 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s i n t h i s r e g io n w ere u n c e r t a i n as to th e d a te a t which th e program was i n i t i a t e d . A ls o , as r e p o r t e d in T able 28, Region IV r e p o r t e d th e h i g h e s t p e r c e n t age (25%) o f program s i n s t i t u t e d s i n c e 1965, w h ile Region I I r e p o r t e d th e h i g h e s t p e r c e n ta g e o f program s i n e x i s t e n c e p r i o r to 19 46. F u tu re p la n s f o r w a iv e r o f t u i t i o n f o r f a c u l t y c h i l d r e n . — Of th e fo u r i n s t i t u t i o n s which r e p o r t e d n o t hav in g t u i t i o n w a iv e r p r o v i s i o n f o r f a c u l t y c h i l d r e n , 50 p e r c e n t o f th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e r e were no p la n s t o im plem ent such w i t h i n th e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s , and 50 p e r c e n t d id n o t resp o n d t o th e q u e s t i o n . These i n s t i t u t i o n s were a l l l o c a t e d in Region I I as r e p o r t e d in T able 2 7. T u i t i o n w a iv e r f o r f a c u l t y s p o u s e . — Fewer B ib le c o l l e g e s p r o v id e d t u i t i o n w a iv e r f o r th e spouse o f a f a c u l t y member th a n f o r t h e c h i l d r e n o f f a c u l t y . Of th e f o r ty - t h r e e i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t i n g , t h i r t y - o n e (72.1%) r e p o r t e d w a iv in g t u i t i o n f o r th e spouse o f f a c u l t y members. I n s t i t u t i o n s i n th e 500 and o v e r f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t group and th o s e i n th e 250-499 group were r e l a t i v e l y e q u a l in w a iv in g t u i t i o n f o r t h e s p o u se , w i t h 78.6 p e r c e n t and 73.3 p e r c e n t r e s p e c t i v e l y h a v in g t h i s p r o v i s i o n . T u i t i o n w a iv e r f o r t h e f a c u l t y spouse was g r a n t e d by only 6 4 .3 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s i n t h e 1-250 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t g ro u p , as shown in T ab le 29. 90 TABLE 29 P r o v is i o n f o r W aiver o f T u i t i o n f o r th e Spouse o f F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region F a l l , 1970, Full-Time Student Enrollment Program A v a ila b le 1-249 N=14 Num- Per b e r c e n t 250-499 N=15 Num- Per b e r c e n t 500 & over N=14 Num- Per b e r cent T o t a l N=43 Num- Per b e r c e n t Yes No 9 5 64.3 3 5 .7 11 73.3 4 26.7 11 7 8 .6 3 21.4 31 7 2 .1 12 27.9 T o t a l s 14 100.0 15 100.0 14 100.0 43 100.0 G eo g rap h ic Region I I I I I I IV T o t a l Program N=6 N=18 N = ll N=8 N=43 A v a il- Num- Per Num- Per Num- P er Num- P er Num- P e r a b le b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t Yes 5 83.3 11 6 1.1 9 8 1 .8 6 7 5.0 31 7 2 .1 No 1 16.7 7 3 8.9 2 1 8 .2 2 2 5 .0 12 27.9 T o t a l s 6 1 0 0 .0 18 1 0 0 .0 11 1 0 0 .0 8 1 0 0 .0 43 1 0 0 .0 91 Region I and I I I were v i r t u a l l y e q u a l in t h e i r p r o v i s i o n f o r t h i s b e n e f i t w ith 83.3 p e r c e n t and 81.8 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s r e s p e c t i v e l y r e p o r t i n g such p r o v i s i o n . In Region IV, 75 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s p r o v id e d t h i s b e n e f i t , w hereas in Region I I only 61.1 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s p r o v id e d t u i t i o n w a iv e r f o r th e f a c u l t y spouse as shown i n T ab le 29. Recency o f p r o v i s i o n f o r f a c u l t y sp o u se t u i t i o n w a i v e r . — Alm ost h a l f (48.4%) o f th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s r e p o r t i n g w ere e i t h e r u n c e r t a i n as to th e d a te when t h i s program was e s t a b l i s h e d a t t h e i r i n s t i t u t i o n s , o r th e y d id n o t re sp o n d t o t h e q u e s t i o n . I t was fo u n d , how ever, t h a t v ery few (12.9%) o f such program s w ere i n s t i t u t e d a f t e r I960.' The m ost r e c e n t program was found among i n s t i t u t i o n s in th e l a r g e s t s i z e group. I n s t i t u t i o n s in th e 250-499 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t c a te g o ry were a b le to g iv e th e most a c c u r a t e d a t a as t o when program s were i n i t i a t e d , and i n s t i t u t i o n s in Region I gave t h e l e a s t p r e c i s e d a t a . De t a i l e d in f o r m a tio n i s g iv en in T a b le 30. F u tu re p l a n s f o r t u i t i o n w a iv e r f o r f a c u l t y s p o u s e . —Of th e tw e lv e i n s t i t u t i o n s w hich had no t u i t i o n w a iv e r p r o v i s i o n f o r t h e spouse o f f a c u l t y members, o n ly one (8.3%) i n d i c a t e d h a v in g p la n s t o im plem ent such a program w i t h i n th e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s . Of th e re m a in in g e le v e n (91.7%) , f iv e (41.7%) had no p la n s f o r such a p ro g ram , two 92 TABLE 30 Recency of Provision for the Waiver of Tuition for the Spouse of Full-Time Faculty in Bible Colleges by Size of Institution and Geographic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t 1-249 250 -499 500 , & over T o t a l N=9 N=11 N=11 N=31 Proqram Num- P er Num P er Num - P er Num Per E s t a b l i s h e d b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t 1966-1971 _ — ---- --- ______ 1 9 .1 1 3 .2 1961-1965 1 11.1 2 18.2 — - - 3 9 .7 1956-1960 — — 3 2 7.3 1 9 .1 4 12.9 1951-1955 — — — — - ~ — — — 1946-1950 2 22.2 2 18.2 1 9 .1 5 16.1 Pre 1946 — — 2 18.2 1 9 .1 3 9 .7 Not C e r t a i n 2 22.2 1 9 .1 2 18.2 5 16.1 No Response 4 4 4 .4 1 9 .1 5 4 5 .4 10 32.3 T o t a l s 9 1 0 0 . 0^ 11 100 . 0a 11 100.0 31 100.0 G eo g rap h ic Region I I I I I I IV T o t a l Proqram N=5 N=11 N=9 N=6 N=31 E s ta b - Num- P e r Num- Per Num- Per Num- P er Num- P er l i s h e d b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t 1966-1971 — — — — — — 1 16.7 1 3.2 1961-1965 1 2 0 .0 1 9 .1 — — 1 16.7 3 9 .7 1956-1960 — — 1 9 .1 2 22.2 1 16.7 4 12.9 1951-1955 — — — — — — — — — — 1946-1950 — — 3 27.3 1 11.1 1 16.7 5 16.1 P re 1946 — — 3 27.3 — — — — 3 9 .7 Not Certain 1 2 0 .0 1 9 .1 3 33.3 — — 5 16.1 NoResponse 3 6 0 .0 2 18.1 3 33.3 2 33.3 10 32.3 T o t a l s 5 1 00.0 11 100.0 9 100 . 0a 6 100 . 0a 31 100.0 aRounded f i g u r e s . 93 (16.7%) were u n c e r t a i n , and fo u r (33.3%) d id n o t respond to th e q u e s ti o n . As shown in Table 31, th e one i n s t i t u t i o n which r e p o r t e d p la n s t o i n s t i t u t e a t u i t i o n w a iv e r p r o v i s io n f o r th e f a c u l t y spouse w ith in th e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s was found in th e 250-49 9 f u l l - t i m e s tu d e n t e n ro llm e n t s i z e c a t e g o ry , and lo c a te d in Region I I I . The g r e a t e s t u n c e r t a i n t y o r la c k o f re sp o n se was found among th e l a r g e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s , by group, w ith 100 p e r c e n t b e in g e i t h e r u n c e r t a i n o r f a i l i n g t o resp o n d . By r e g io n , t h i s hig h p e rc e n ta g e (42.9%) o f u n c e r t a i n t y and la c k o f re s p o n s e , as w e ll as th e d e f i n i t e i n d i c a t i o n t h a t no t u i t i o n w a iv e r was b e in g p la n n e d (5 7.1%) was found in Region I I . T u itio n g r a n ts t o f a c u l t y c h i l d r e n f o r o th e r c o l le g e s . — There was a c l e a r and u n i v e r s a l resp o n se to t h i s q u e s ti o n . No B ib le c o lle g e gave t u i t i o n g r a n ts t o f a c u l t y c h i l d r e n t o a t t e n d o t h e r c o l l e g e s . A lso , no program s were r e p o r t e d as d e f i n i t e l y b e in g p la n n e d f o r im p lem en tatio n w i t h i n th e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s . However, f iv e c h i e f a d m in is t r a t o r s (11 . 6 % ) d id r e p o r t u n c e r t a i n t y on th e i s s u e , and f i f t e e n (34.9%) d id n o t resp o n d to th e q u e s ti o n . Complete d a ta a re giv en i n Table 32. Personal Loans P r o v is io n f o r p e r s o n a l lo an s t o f a c u l t y was found in 41.9 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s . Thus, t h e m a jo r ity o f i n s t i t u t i o n s d id n o t have t h i s p r o v is i o n . 94 TABLE 31 F u tu r e P lans f o r Im plem enting a W aiver o f T u i t i o n Program f o r th e Spouse o f F u ll-T im e F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t Program 1-249 P la n n e d N=5 W ith in Num- Per 3 Y ears b e r c e n t 250 N Num b e r -499 =4 Per c e n t 500 & o v er T o t a l N=3 N - l 2 Num- Per Num- p e r b e r c e n t b e r c e n t Yes — No 3 Not C e r t a i n No R esp o n se 2 60.0 4 0 .0 1 2 1 2 5 .0 50.0 25.0 — — 1 8 .3 — — 5 4 1 .7 2 66.7 2 33.3 1 33.3 4 16.7 T o t a l s 5 1.00 .0 4 100.0 3 100.0 12 100.0 G eo g rap h ic Region Proqram I P la n n e d N=1 W ith in Num- Per Num 3 Y ears b e r c e n t b e r I I N=7 - Per c e n t I I I IV T o t a l N=2 N=2 N=12 Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t Yes — — No — — Not Certain — No Response 1 100. 4 2 0 1 57.1 28.6 14.3 1 1 5 0 .0 — — 1 3 .3 1 50.0 5 4 1 .7 __ __ 2 33.3 5 0 .0 1 50.0 4 16.7 T o t a l s 1 100. 0 7 100.0 2 100.0 2 100.0 12 100.0 95 TABLE 32 F u tu re P la n s f o r Im plem enting a W aiver o f T u i t i o n Program f o r C h ild re n o f F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n , G eo g rap h ic R egion, and Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t Program 1-245 250-499 500 & o v e r T o ta l P lan n ed N=14 N=15 N=14 N=43 W ith in Num- Per Num- P er Num- Per Num- Per 3 Y ears b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t Yes — — — — — — — — No 8 57.1 10 66.7 5 3 5 .7 23 53 . 5 Not C e r t a i n — — 3 2 0 .0 2 14.3 5 11.6 No R esponse 6 4 2 .9 2 13.3 7 5 0 .0 15 34.9 T o t a l s 14 100.0 15 100.0 14 100.0 43 100.0 G eo g rap h ic R egion Program I I I i l l IV T o ta l P lan n ed N= W ith in Num- 3 Y ears b e r *6 ■ Per c e n t N= Num b e r 18 Per c e n t N= Num b e r ; 11 P er c e n t N Num b e r =8 Per c e n t N=43 Num- P er b e r c e n t Yes No 3 Not Certain — No Response 3 5 0.0 50.0 10 2 6 5 5 .6 11.1 33.3 5 2 4 4 5 .5 18.2 36.3 5 1 2 62.5 12.5 25.0 23 5 3 .5 5 1 1.6 15 2 4 .9 T o t a l s 6 100.0 18 100.0 11 100.0 8 100.0 43 100.0 Program P la n n e d W itn in 3 Y ears I n s t i t u - Yes No Not Certain No Response T o ta l t ion N==0 N==23 N ==5 N=a 5 N=43 Estab Num Per Num■ Per Num Per Num Per Num Per lished ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent Pre 1900 — — 1 2 5 .0 1 2 5 .0 2 50.0 4 9 .3 1900-1909 — — 2 1 0 0 .0 — — — — 2 4 .7 1910-1919 — — 5 7 1 .4 — — 2 28.6 7 16.3 1920-1929 — — 4 4 4 .4 2 2 2 .2 3 33.3 9 2 0.9 1930-1939 — — 6 5 4 .5 — — 5 4 5 .5 11 2 5 .5 1940-1949 — -- 3 3 7 .5 2 2 5 .0 3 37.5 8 1 8 .6 1950-1959 — — 2 100.0 — — — — 2 4 .7 I9 6 0-- none Totals — — 23 53.5 5 1 1 .6 15 34.9 43 1 00.0 96 When th e d a t a were a n a ly z e d by s i z e o f i n s t i t u t i o n , i t was found t h a t o n ly 2 8.6 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s i n th e 1-2 49 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t group p r o v id e d p e r s o n a l lo a n s to f a c u l t y , w h ereas 5 3 .3 p e r c e n t o f th o se in th e 250- 499 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t s i z e group p r o v id e d t h i s b e n e f i t . In th e l a r g e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s by g ro u p , 42.9 p e r c e n t p r o v id e d t h i s b e n e f i t . L i t t l e v a r i a t i o n was found by g e o g ra p h ic r e g i o n , as shown in T a b le 33. A low o f 33.3 p e r c e n t p r o v i s i o n was made i n Region I , and a h ig h o f o n ly 50 p e r c e n t in Region IV. The h i g h e s t p e r c e n ta g e (75%) o f i n s t i t u t i o n s n o t p r o v id in g t h i s b e n e f i t was found among th e o l d e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s as shown i n T a b le 33. Recency o f th e p ro q ra m . — Over h a l f (55.5%) o f th e e ig h t e e n i n s t i t u t i o n s m aking p r o v i s i o n f o r p e r s o n a l lo a n s t o f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y d id so a f t e r 1955, b u t on ly two (11.1%) have i n i t i a t e d su ch program s in c e 196 5. Four i n s t i t u t i o n s (2 2 . 2 %) were e i t h e r u n su re when th e program was e s t a b l i s h e d o r d id n o t re sp o n d t o th e q u e s t i o n . The m ost r e c e n t program s were e s t a b l i s h e d in i n s t i t u t i o n s o f 250-499 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t s i z e . As shown i n T able 34, 87.5 p e r c e n t o f program s i n t h e s e i n s t i t u t i o n s were e s t a b l i s h e d s i n c e 1955. No program s have been i n s t i t u t e d i n th e l a r g e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s s in c e 1950. A l l 97 TABLE 33 P r o v is io n f o r P e rs o n a l Loans t o F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n , G eographic R egion, and Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n S t a t u s o f B e n e f i t B e n e f i t B e n e f it i s i s Not T o t a l F u ll-T im e P ro v id e d P ro v id e d E n ro llm e n t N= Num b e r =18 Per c e n t N= Num b e r = 2 5 Per c e n t N= Num b e r =43 Per c e n t 1-249 4 2 8 .6 10 71.4 14 32.6 250-499 8 53.3 7 4 6 .7 15 34.8 500 & o v e r 6 4 2 .9 8 57.1 14 32.6 T o t a l s 18 4 1 .9 25 58.1 43 100.0 G eo graphic Reqion I 2 33.3 4 6 6 .7 6 14.0 I I 7 38.8 11 6 1 .1 18 4 1 .9 I I I 5 4 5 .5 6 54.5 11 25.5 IV 4 50.0 4 5 0 .0 8 18.6 T o ta ls 18 4 1 .9 25 58.1 43 100.0 C o lleg e E s t a b l i s h e d Pre 1900 1 25.0 3 7 5 .0 4 9 .3 1900-1909 1 50.0 1 50.0 2 4 .7 1910-1919 2 28.6 5 71.4 7 16.3 1920-1929 4 4 4 .4 5 55.6 9 20.9 1930-1939 5 4 5 .5 6 54.5 11 25.5 1940-1949 4 50.0 4 5 0 .0 8 18.6 1950-1959 1 5 0.0 1 50.0 2 4 .7 I9 6 0----- T o ta ls none 18 4 1 .9 25 58.1 43 100.0 98 TABLE 34 Recency of Programs for Personal Loans to Full-Time Faculty in Bible Colleges by Size of Institution and Geographic Region Fall, 1970, Full-Time Student Enrollment 1-249 250-499 500 & over Total Proqram N I n s t i t u t e d Num b e r =4 Per c e n t N Num b e r =8 Per c e n t N Num b e r =6 Per c e n t N= Num b e r =18 Per c e n t 1966-1971 --- 2 25.0 — — 2 11.1 1961-1965 1 25.0 1 12.5 — — 2 11.1 1956-1960 2 50.0 4 50.0 — 6 33.3 1951-1955 1 25.0 — — — — 1 5 .5 1946-1950 — — — 3 50.0 3 16.7 Pre 1946 — — — — — — — Not C e r ta in — — 1 12.5 — — 1 5.5 No Response — — — 3 50.0 3 16.7 T o t a l s 4 100.0 8 100.0 6 100.0 18 100 . 0a G eo graphic Region I I I I I I IV T o ta l Proqram N=2 . N=7 N: =5 N=4 N=■ 18 I n s t i Num Per Num- Per Num - Per Num - Per Num Per t u t e d b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t 1966-1971 __ __ __ 1 20.0 1 25.0 2 11.1 1961-1965 1 50.0 1 14.3 — — — — 2 11.1 1956-1960 - - — 2 28.5 2 4 0 .0 2 50.0 6 33.3 1951-1955 — — 1 14.3 — — — — 1 5.5 1946-1950 1 50.0 2 28.5 — — — — 3 16.7 Pre 1946 NDt Certain - - — - - — 1 20.0 — — 1 5.5 No Response — — 1 14.3 1 20.0 1 25.0 3 16.7 T o ta ls 2 100.0 7 100 . 0a 5 100.0 4 100.0 18 100 .0a a-Rounded figures. 99 program s found in i n s t i t u t i o n s o f 1-2 49 f u l l - t i m e s tu d e n t e n r o llm e n t s i z e were i n s t i t u t e d s in c e 19 50. By g e o g ra p h ic r e g i o n , th e most r e c e n t programs f o r p e r s o n a l lo an s t o f a c u l t y were i n s t i t u t e d i n Regions I I I and IV, w ith 2 0 and 2 5 p e r c e n t o f p ro g ram s, r e s p e c t i v e l y , e s t a b l i s h e d s in c e 1965. No r e p o r t e d program s were e s t a b l i s h e d p r i o r t o 19 46. Complete d a ta a re r e p o r te d in Table 34. F u tu re p la n s f o r p e r s o n a l lo a n s to f a c u l t y . — None o f th e tw e n ty - f iv e a d m i n i s t r a t o r s r e p o r t i n g t h a t p r o v is io n f o r p e r s o n a l lo an s t o f a c u l t y d id n o t e x i s t a t t h e i r i n s t i t u t i o n s i n d i c a t e d t h a t such p r o v is i o n was b e in g p lan n ed w ith in th e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s . Mortgage Loans Very few B ib le c o lle g e s were found t o make mortgage lo an s t o f a c u l t y . Of th e f o r t y - t h r e e i n s t i t u t i o n s resp o n d i n g , o n ly f iv e (11 . 6% ) r e p o r t e d t h a t such p r o v is i o n was made. A l l o t h e r re sp o n s e s (88.4%) were in t h e n e g a tiv e . When a n a ly z e d by s i z e o f i n s t i t u t i o n , an in v e r s e r e l a t i o n s h i p was found in t h a t i n s t i t u t i o n s in th e l a r g e s t s i z e group p ro v id e d m ortgage lo an s t o f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y l e s s f r e q u e n tly th a n i n s t i t u t i o n s in t h e s m a l l e s t s iz e group. This in v e r s e r e l a t i o n s h i p , how ever, i s n o t p r o nounced and i s b a s e d on s m a ll p e r c e n ta g e d i f f e r e n c e s as can be seen in Table 35. 100 TABLE 35 Mortgage Loan Provisions for Full-Time Faculty in Bible Colleges by Size of Institution, Geographic Region, and Age of Institution Status of Benefit B e n e f i t B e n e f i t i s i s Not T o t a l F u ll-T im e P ro v id e d P ro v id e d E n ro llm e n t N=5 N=38 N=:4 3 Num Per Num- P er Num Per b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t 1-249 2 14.3 12 8 5 .7 14 3 2 .6 250-499 2 14.3 13 8 6 .7 15 3 4 .8 500 & o v e r 1 7 .1 13 8 6 .7 14 3 2 .6 T o t a l s 5 11.6 38 8 8 .4 43 1 00.0 G eo g rap h ic Region I 1 16.7 5 83.3 6 14.0 I I 2 11.1 16 8 8 .9 18 4 1 .9 I I I 1 9 .1 10 9 0 .9 11 25.5 IV 1 12.5 7 8 7 .5 8 18.6 T o t a l s 5 11.6 38 8 8 .4 43 100.0 C o lle g e E s t a b l i s h e d P re 1900 4 100.0 4 9 .3 1900-1909 — — 2 100.0 2 4 .7 1910-1919 2 2 8 .6 5 71.4 7 16.3 1920-1929 1 11.1 8 8 8 .9 9 20.9 1930-1939 1 9 .1 10 9 0 .9 11 2 5 .5 1940-1949 1 12.5 7 8 7 .5 8 1 8 .6 1950-1959 — — 2 100.0 2 4 .7 I9 6 0 ----- T o t a l s none 5 11.6 38 8 8 .4 43 1 00.0 101 No n o t a b l e d i f f e r e n c e s w ere found when th e d a ta were a n a ly z e d by g e o g ra p h ic r e g i o n . The h i g h e s t p e r c e n ta g e (16.7%) o f i n s t i t u t i o n s p r o v id i n g m ortgage lo a n s to f u l l tim e f a c u l t y was found in Region I , and th e lo w e st p e r c e n t age (9.1%) o f i n s t i t u t i o n s p r o v id i n g t h i s b e n e f i t was found in Region I I I . Complete d a t a a r e found in T able 35. A l l i n s t i t u t i o n s e s t a b l i s h e d p r i o r t o 1910 and a f t e r 1949 d i d n o t p r o v id e m ortgage lo a n s t o f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y . The h i g h e s t r a t e o f such p r o v i s i o n i s found among i n s t i t u t i o n s e s t a b l i s h e d betw een 1909 and 1920, b u t m o rt gage lo a n s a re p r o v id e d in o n ly 2 8.6 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s i n t h i s group. Recency o f th e p ro q ra m . — Of th e f i v e c h i e f a d m in is t r a t o r s r e p o r t i n g t h a t p r o v i s i o n f o r m ortgage lo an s t o f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y members e x i s t e d in t h e i r i n s t i t u t i o n s , a l l r e p o r t e d t h a t th e s e program s were im plem ented betw een 1950 and 1966. However, th e 1956 t o 1965 p e r i o d was most p r o d u c t iv e o f t h i s p r o v i s i o n , w i t h 80 p e r c e n t o f th e r e p o r t e d program s b e in g e s t a b l i s h e d d u r in g t h a t tim e . As shown in T ab le 36 t h e s e program s a re r a t h e r e v e n ly s c a t t e r e d among i n s t i t u t i o n s o f v a r io u s s i z e , and a l s o by g e o g ra p h ic r e g i o n . F u tu re p la n s f o r m ortgage lo an p ro g ra m s . — Of th e t h i r t y - e i g h t c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s who i n d i c a t e d t h a t no p r o v i s i o n was made a t t h e i r i n s t i t u t i o n f o r m ortgage lo a n s TABLE 36 Recency o f P r o v is i o n f o r M ortgage Loans to F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t !•-249 250 -499 500 & over T o ta l Proqram N=2 N- 2 N=1 N=5 I n s t i t u t e d Num - P er Num Per Num-- Per Num- Per b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r ■ c e n t b e r c e n t 1966-1971 . . . * ------- _ — — — ____ __________ 1961-1965 1 5 0 .0 1 50.0 — — 2 4 0 .0 1956-1960 1 5 0 .0 1 50.0 — — 2 4 0 .0 1951-1955 — — — 1 100.0 1 20.0 Pre 1950 none T o t a l s 2 1 00.0 2 100.0 1 100.0 5 100.0 I Proqram N=1 I n s t i - Num- Per t u t e d b e r c en t 1966-1971 — — 1961-1965 — — 1956-1960 — — 1951-1955 1 100.0 Pre 1950 none T o t a l s 1 100.0 G eo g rap h ic Reg I I I I I N=2 N=1 Num- P er Num- Per b e r c e n t b e r c e n t - — 1 100.0 2 100.0 — — 2 100.0 1 1 00.0 IV T o t a l N=1 N=5 Num- P er Num.- Per b e r c e n t b e r c e n t 1 100.0 2 4 0 „0 - — 2 4 0 .0 - — 1 20.0 1 100.0 5 100.0 103 t o f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y , tw e n ty - th r e e (60.5%) r e p o r t e d t h a t no p la n s were b e in g made to im plem ent such p r o v is i o n w i t h i n th e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s . Two c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s (5.3%) were u n c e r t a i n as t o w h e th e r such p r o v is i o n would be made, and t h i r t e e n (34.2%) d id n o t resp o n d to th e q u e s tio n . The c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f th e group c o n ta in in g th e l a r g e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s seemed l e a s t su re o f f u tu r e p la n s . Of t h i s group only 3 8.5 p e r c e n t responded firm ly t h a t no p la n s were b e in g made f o r im p lem en tatio n o f t h i s p r o v is i o n w ith in th e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s as shown in Table 37, b u t 53.8 p e r c e n t d id n o t respond to th e q u e s ti o n . However, ad m in is t r a t o r s o f i n s t i t u t i o n s in th e 250-499 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t group s i z e seemed most s u re o f f u tu r e p l a n s , w ith 76.9 p e r c e n t d e f i n i t e l y i n d i c a t i n g t h a t t h i s p r o v is i o n would n o t be im plem ented w it h i n t h r e e y e a r s . This was f o l lowed by th e 1-2 49 f u l l - t i m e e n ro llm e n t group in which 66.7 p e r c e n t gave a d e f i n i t e l y n e g a tiv e re sp o n se . Data by g e o g ra p h ic re g io n are a ls o given i n Table 37 and r e v e a l t h a t th e h i g h e s t in c id e n c e o f n e g a tiv e r e sponse was found i n Region I . F a c u lty P u rch ase Through th e I n s t i t u t i o n P r o v is io n f o r f a c u l t y p u rc h a se th ro u g h th e i n s t i t u t i o n a t red u ced p r i c e s was r e p o r t e d by 72.1 p e r c e n t of c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s . Of th e re m a in in g , 25.6 p e r c e n t r e p o r te d t h a t such p r o v is i o n d id n o t e x i s t , and 2 .3 p e r c e n t ■ 104 TABLE 37 Future Plans for Implementing Mortgage Loans to Full-Time Faculty in Bible Colleges by Size of Institution and Geographic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t : E n ro llm en t program 1- Planned N= W ithin Num- 3 Y ears b e r ■249 ■12 ■ P er c e n t 250 N— Num b e r -499 13 P e r c e n t 500 & o v e r N=13 Num- Per b e r c e n t T o t a l N=38 Num- Per b e r c e n t Yes _ m m m _ _ __ — ^ _ _ M — _ No 8 66 .7 10 7 6 .9 5 38.5 23 60.5 Not C e r t a i n ---------- 1 7 .7 1 7.7 2 5.3 No R esponse 4 33.3 2 15.4 7 53.8 13 34.2 T o t a l s 12 100.0 13 100.0 G eo g rap h ic 13 100.0 Region 38 100.0 Proqram I I I I I I IV T o t a l Planned N=5 N=16 N=10 N=7 N=38 Within ______ Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per 3 Years ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent Yes — — No 4 8 0 .0 Net Certain — No Response 1 2 0 .0 9 56.3 5 5 0.0 2 1 2.5 — — 5 3 1 .2 5 50.0 5 2 71.4 23 6 0 .5 2 5.3 28.6 13 34.2 T o t a l s 5 100.0 16 1 0 0 .0 10 100.0 7 100.0 38 100,0 105 d id n o t re sp o n d t o th e q u e s t i o n . Wo i n q u i r y was made r e l a t i n g t o c o n d i t i o n s o r p o l i c i e s and p ro c e d u re s r e g u l a t i n g t h i s b e n e f i t . As i s shown in Table 38 a p o s i t i v e r e l a t i o n s h i p was found betw een th e s i z e of th e i n s t i t u t i o n and p r o v is i o n f o r f a c u l t y p u rc h a s e th ro u g h th e i n s t i t u t i o n a t re d u c e d p r i c e s . T y p i c a ll y , t h i s b e n e f i t was found more f r e q u e n t l y (78.6%) in t h e s m a l l e r i n s t i t u t i o n s th a n in t h e l a r g e r ones (6 4.3%). By g e o g ra p h ic r e g i o n , th e p r o v i s i o n f o r t h i s b e n e f i t ra n g e d from a h ig h o f 90.9 p e r c e n t in Region I I I , t o a low o f 55.5 p e r c e n t in Region I I . In Region IV t h i s b e n e f i t was p r o v id e d i n 87.5 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s , and 66.7 p e r c e n t in Region I . I n s t i t u t i o n s e s t a b l i s h e d b e f o r e 1920, a l l p r o v id e d f o r f a c u l t y p u rc h a se th ro u g h th e i n s t i t u t i o n a t red u ced c o s t as shown i n T able 38. Those i n s t i t u t i o n s e s t a b l i s h e d a f t e r 1949 a l s o p r o v id e d t h i s b e n e f i t w i t h o u t e x c e p tio n . Those i n s t i t u t i o n s e s t a b l i s h e d betw een 1919 and 1950 p r o v id e d t h i s b e n e f i t from a low o f 54.5 p e r c e n t to a h ig h of 62.5 p e r c e n t . Recency o f program s f o r f a c u l t y p u rc h a s e th ro u g h th e i n s t i t u t i o n . — A h ig h p e r c e n ta g e (41.9%) o f th e t h i r t y - one a d m i n i s t r a t o r s r e p o r t i n g p u r c h a s in g p r i v i l e g e s f o r f a c u l t y th ro u g h th e i n s t i t u t i o n d id n o t g iv e a d a te a t which th e program was i n s t i t u t e d . F iv e i n s t i t u t i o n s (16.1%) had 106 TABLE 38 Provision for Faculty Purchase Through the Institution for Full-Time Faculty in Bible Colleges by Size of Institution, Geographic Region, and Age of institution Status of Benefit Benefit is Provided Benefit is Not Provided No Response Total F u ll-T im e N=:31 N=11 N==1 N==43 E n ro llm en t Num Per Num Per Num Per Num■ Per b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t 1-249 11 78.6 2 14.3 1 7 .1 14 32.6 250-499 11 73.3 4 26.7 — — 15 34.8 500 & o ver 9 64.3 5 35.7 — — 14 32.6 T o ta ls 31 72.1 11 25.6 1 2.3 43 100.0 G eographic Region I 4 6 6 .7 2 33.3 — — 6 14.0 I I 10 55.5 7 38.9 1 5 .6 18 4 1 .9 I I I 10 90.9 1 9 .1 — — 11 25.5 IV 7 8 7 .5 1 12.5 — — 8 18.6 T o t a l s 31 72.1 TT 25.6 ~T 2.3 43 100.0 C o lleg e E s t a b l i s h e d Pre 1900 1900-1909 1910-1919 1920-1929 1930-1939 1940-1949 1950-1959 1960----- 4 100.0 2 100.0 100.0 55.6 54.5 62.5 100.0 7 5 6 5 2 4 4 4 .4 4 36.4 3 37.5 9 .1 4 2 7 9 11 8 2 9 .3 4 .7 16.3 20.9 25.5 18.6 4 .7 none 31 72.1 11 25.6 2.3 43 100.0 107 im plem ented t h i s program p r i o r t o 1946, and o n ly one i n s t i t u t i o n (3.3%) made t h i s p r o v is io n s in c e 1965. The 1956 to 1960 p e r io d was most p r o d u c tiv e w ith f i v e i n s t i t u t i o n s (16.1%) i n i t i a t i n g t h i s p r o v is io n d u rin g t h a t 't i m e . F u l l d a t a on im p le m e n ta tio n o f re d u ced c o s t p u r c h a s in g th ro u g h th e i n s t i t u t i o n a re g iv en in Table 39, as w e ll as d a ta by i n s t i t u t i o n a l s i z e and g e o g ra p h ic re g io n . F u tu re p la n s f o r f a c u l t y p u r c h a s in g th ro u g h th e i n s t i t u t i o n . — Of th e tw elve i n s t i t u t i o n s which d id n o t r e p o r t p r o v is io n f o r f a c u l t y p u rc h a se th ro u g h th e i n s t i t u t i o n , none r e p o r t e d t h a t such program was p la n n e d f o r im plem enta t i o n w ith in th e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s . As shown in T able 40, how ever, t h r e e (25%) were u n c e r t a i n as t o f u tu r e p la n s ; fo u r (33.3%) d i d n o t re sp o n d , b u t f iv e (41.7%) r e p o r te d t h a t such program s were d e f i n i t e l y n o t b e in g p la n n e d . The s m a l l e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s seemed most i n d e c i s i v e as t o f u tu r e p la n s w ith 6 6 .7 p e r c e n t o f c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s n o t re sp o n d in g t o th e q u e s ti o n and 33.3 p e r c e n t b e in g un c e r t a i n . A d m in is tr a to r s o f i n s t i t u t i o n s in th e 25 0-49 9 f u l l - t i m e e n r o llm e n t s i z e group seemed most p o s i t i v e in t h e i r d e c is io n w ith 75 p e r c e n t re sp o n d in g t h a t such p r o v i s io n was d e f i n i t e l y n o t b e in g p la n n e d . As shown in Table 40, Regions I I I and IV o n ly con t a i n e d one i n s t i t u t i o n each which d id n o t make p r o v is i o n f o r f a c u l t y p u rc h a se th ro u g h th e i n s t i t u t i o n and b o th 108 TABLE 39 Recency o f P r o v is io n in B ib le c o l l e g e s f o r F a c u lty P u rch ase Through th e I n s t i t u t i o n by S iz e of i n s t i t u t i o n and G eographic Region Fall, 1970, Full-Time Student Enrollment 1-249 250-499 500 & over Total Proqram N=0.1 N==11 N=9 N=■31 I n s t i t u t e d Num■ P er Num P er Num- Per Num Per b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t 1966-1971 --------- --------- 1 9 .1 --------- --------- 1 3.3 1961-1965 1 9 .1 — — 1 11.1 2 6 .4 1956-1960 1 9 .1 4 3 6 .4 — — 5 16.1 1951-1955 — — — — 1 11.1 1 3.3 1946-1950 3 27.2 - - - - 1 11.1 4 12.9 Pre 1946 1 9 .1 3 27.2 1 11.1 5 16.1 Not C e r ta in 2 18.2 2 18.2 1 11.1 5 16.1 No Response 3 27.2 1 9 .1 4 4 4 .4 8 25.8 T o t a l s 11 100. 0a I T 100.0 9 1 0 0 .0a 3 l 100.0 Geographic Region I II III IV Total Proqram N =-4 N= -10 N=a o N:=7 N=: 31 i n s t i - Num-■ Per Num Per Num Per Num Per Num■ Per t u t e d b e r c e n t b er c e n t b e r c e n t b er c e n t b er c e n t 1966-1971 — 1 14.3 1 3.3 1961-1965 1 25.0 — — — — 1. 14.3 2 6.4 1956-1960 — — 1 10.0 1 10.0 3 4 2 .8 5 16.1 1951-1955 1 25.0 — — — — — — 1 3,3 1946-1950 — — 1 10.0 2 20.0 1 14. 3 4 12.9 Pre 1946 — 4 4 0 .0 1 10.0 — — 5 16.1 Not Certain — — 1 10.0 4 40.0 — — 5 16.1 N 3 Response 2 50.0 3 30.0 2 20.0 1 14.3 8 25.8 T o t a ls 4 100.0 10 100.0 10 100.0 7100.0 31 100.0 aRounded f ig u r e s . I 109 TABLE 40 F u tu r e P la n s f o r Im p lem en tin g P u rch ase Through th e I n s t i t u t i o n f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f i n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t Proqram 1-249 P lan n ed N=3 W ith in Num- P er 3 Y e a rs b e r c e n t 250 N Num b e r -499 =4 P er c e n t 500 & o v er N=5 Num- P er b e r c e n t T o ta l N=12 Num- Per b e r c e n t Yes ___ ______ __ — _ No — — 3 7 5 .0 2 4 0 .0 5 4 1 .7 Not C e r t a i n 1 3 3.3 1 2 5 .0 2 4 0 .0 3 2 5 .0 No R esp o n se 2 66.7 ----- — 1 2 0 .0 4 3 3 .3 •T otals 3 1 00.0 4 1 0 0 .0 G eo g rap h i 5 1 0 0 .0 c Region 12 1 00.0 Program I n I l l IV T o ta l P lan n ed N=2 N ==8 N=1 N=1 N-12 W ith in Num- P e r Num- P er Num P er Num- Per Num- P e r 3 Y ears b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t Yes No — Not Certain 1 No Response 1 5 0 .0 5 0 .0 3 3 7 .5 3 37.5 2 25.0 1 100.0 1 100.0 5 4 1 .7 3 2 5 .0 4 3 3 .3 T o t a l s 2 1 0 0 .0 8 100.0 1 100.0 1 100.0 12 1 0 0 .0 110 i n d i c a t e d t h a t such p r o v i s i o n was n o t b e in g p la n n e d w it h i n t h e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s . Region I I c o n ta in e d t h e h i g h e s t p e r c e n ta g e o f i n s i t u t i o n s n o t h a v in g t h i s p r o v i s i o n , w ith e i g h t o f th e e i g h t e e n i n s t i t u t i o n s (44.4%) so r e p o r t i n g . Only t h r e e o f th e e i g h t i n s t i t u t i o n s , 37.5 p e r c e n t , i n d i c a te d t h a t such program was n o t b e in g p la n n e d w ith in t h r e e y e a r s ; a n o th e r 37.5 p e r c e n t were u n c e r t a i n ; and two (25%) d id n o t re sp o n d t o th e q u e s t i o n . Moving Expense F o rty -o n e o f t h e f o r t y - t h r e e (95.3%) i n s t i t u t i o n s s u rv e y e d i n d i c a t e d t h a t newly h i r e d f a c u l t y members were given a s s i s t a n c e w ith moving e x p e n s e s . The l a r g e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s , by g ro u p , and th e s m a ll e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s , by g ro u p , were e q u a l i n th e number which p ro v id e d moving expense a s s i s t a n c e . As shown i n T ab le 41, 9 2 .8 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s in th e s e two groups so p r o v id e d . A f u l l 100 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s in th e 250-499 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t group p r o v id e d such h e l p . This r e s e a r c h , how ever, d id n o t a tte m p t to a s c e r t a i n th e d o l l a r amount o f t h i s p r o v i s i o n o r p o l i c i e s g o v e rn in g a s s i s t a n c e a t th e v a r io u s i n s t i t u t i o n s . By g e o g ra p h ic r e g i o n , th e lo w e s t p e r c e n ta g e o f a s s i s t a n c e was found i n Region IV, where 87.5 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s made t h i s p r o v i s i o n . One h u n d red p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s in Regions I and I I I made such p r o v i s i o n , and I l l TABLE 41 Moving Expense A s s i s ta n c e f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n , G eo g rap h ic R egion, and Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n S t a t u s o f B e n e f i t B e n e f i t B e n e f i t i s i s Not T o t a l P ro v id e d P ro v id e d N=41 N=2 N=43 Num- P er Num- P er Num- Per b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t 1-249 13 9 2 .8 1 7 .1 14 32.6 250-499 15 100.0 — — 15 34.8 500 & o v e r 13 9 2 .8 1 7 .1 14 3 2 .6 T o t a l s G eo q rap h ic Region 41 95.3 V 2 4 .7 43 100.0 I 6 100.0 — — 6 14.0 I I 17 94.4 1 5 .6 18 4 1 .9 I I I 11 100.0 — _ _ 11 2 5 .5 IV 7 8 7 .5 1 1 2 .5 8 18.6 T o t a l s C o lle g e E s t a b l i s h e d 41 95.3 2 4 .7 43 100.0 P re 1900 4 100.0 — — 4 9 .3 1900-1909 2 1 00.0 - - — 2 4 .7 1910-1919 7 100.0 — — 7 16.3 1920-1929 8 8 8 .9 1 11.1 9 20.9 1930-1939 11 100.0 — — 11 25.5 1940-1949 7 8 7 .5 1 12.5 8 18.6 1950-1959 1960----- 2 100.0 none “ ” 2 4 .7 T o t a l s 41 95.3 2 4 .7 43 100.0 112 9 4 .4 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s in Region I I so p r o v id e d , as i s shown i n T ab le 41. The o l d e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s a l l r e p o r t e d p r o v i s i o n f o r moving expense a s s i s t a n c e f o r incom ing f a c u l t y . One hun d re d p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s e s t a b l i s h e d p r i o r t o 1920 made t h i s p r o v i s i o n . While th e sam ple i s s m a ll, a l l i n s t i t u t i o n s in th e sam ple e s t a b l i s h e d s in c e 1949 a l s o r e p o r t e d t h i s p r o v i s i o n . Recency o f th e p ro g ra m .— The im p le m e n ta tio n o f p r o v i s i o n f o r moving ex p en se a s s i s t a n c e t o f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y i n B ib le c o l l e g e s was found t o be d i s t r i b u t e d q u i t e e v en ly s in c e 19 46 . Only f o u r (9.8%) h ad made p r o v i s i o n f o r f a c u l t y moving e x p en se a s s i s t a n c e p r i o r t o 1946. Ten (2 4.4%) c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s , how ever, d i d n o t re sp o n d t o th e q u e s t i o n , and f i v e (12 . 2% ) w ere u n c e r t a i n as t o when th e p r o gram was im plem ented. As shown i n Table 42, th e s m a l l e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s as a group w ere found t o be l e a s t c e r t a i n as t o t h e d a t e o f im p le m e n ta tio n , and th e l a r g e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s as a group had t h e h i g h e s t p e r c e n ta g e (46.1%) o f no r e sponse . The most r e c e n t program s w ere found to have been im plem ented i n Region I I . In Region IV, 42.9 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s im plem ented program s a f t e r 19 60. Complete d a t a a r e g iv en i n T ab le 42. F u tu re p la n s f o r moving a s s i s t a n c e p r o v i s i o n . — Of 113 TABLE 42 Recency of Implementation of Provision for Moving Expense Assistance for Full-Time Faculty in Bible Colleges by Size of institution and Geographic Region Fall, 1970, Full-Time Student Enrollment 1-249 250-499 500 & over Total Program Instituted N = Num ber =13 Per cent N= Num ber = 15 Per cent N= Num ber = 13 Per cent N= Num ber =41 ■ Per cent 1966-1971 1 7.7 ___ — — — — ____ 1 2.4 1961-1965 1 7.7 3 20.0 2 15.4 6 14.6 1956-1960 1 7.7 4 26.7 1 7.7 6 14.6 1951-1955 1 7.7 — — 1 7.7 2 4 .9 1946-1950 4 30.8 1 6.7 2 15.4 7 17.1 Pre 1946 -- -- 3 20 .0 1 7.7 4 9 .8 Not Certain 3 23.0 2 13.3 — — 5 12.2 No Response 2 15.4 2 13.3 6 4 6 .1 10 24.4 Totals 13 100.0 15 100.0 13 100.0 41 100.0 Geographic Region I II III IV Total Program N== 6 N= ■ 17 N== 11 N=7 N==41 Insti Num Per Num Per Num Per Num Per Num ■ Per tuted ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent 1966-1971 __ 1 5.9 ___ --- --- ... 1 2 .4 1961-1965 1 16.7 2 11.8 --- --- 3 4 2 .9 6 14.6 1956-1960 — — 1 5.9 3 37.3 2 28.6 6 14.6 1951-1955 1 16.7 1 5.9 — - - - - — 2 4 .9 1946-1950 1 16.7 5 29.'4 1 9 .1 — — 7 17.1 Pre 1946 — — 3 17.6 1 9 .1 — - - 4 9 .8 Not Certain — - - 1 5.9 4 36.3 — — 5 12.2 No Response 3 50.0 3 17.6 2 18.2 2 28.5 10 2 4.4 Totals 6 loo.o-a 17 100.0 11 100.0 7 100.0 41 100.0 ^Rounded f i g u r e . 114 th e two i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t i n g no p r o v i s i o n f o r moving e x p en se a s s i s t a n c e t o f a c u l t y , n e i t h e r r e p o r t e d h a v in g p la n s f o r im plem enting such a program w i t h i n th e n e x t t h r e e y e a rs. One i n s t i t u t i o n d e f i n i t e l y r e p o r t e d t h a t such a program was n o t b e in g p la n n e d and th e o t h e r d id n o t re sp o n d to th e q u e s t i o n . While th e number i s v ery s m a ll, th e d a t a a re giv en by i n s t i t u t i o n a l s i z e and g e o g ra p h ic r e g io n i n Table 43. F a c u lty H ousing Twenty-two o f th e f o r t y - t h r e e (51.2%) i n s t i t u t i o n s i n th e su rv e y r e p o r t e d t h a t some ty p e o f f a c u l t y h o u sin g p r o v i s i o n was made. Of t h e s e tw e n ty -tw o , f o u r (18.2%) p r o v id e d h o u sin g f r e e to f a c u l t y : one i n s t i t u t i o n p r o v id e d h o u s in g f r e e t o a l l f a c u l t y ; one p r o v id e d h o u s in g f r e e t o some f a c u l t y , and two d id n o t s p e c i f y w hat p o l i c y o b ta in e d w ith r e f e r e n c e t o f r e e h o u s in g . F i f t e e n o f t h e tw e n ty -tw o (6 8.2%) i n s t i t u t i o n s p r o v id i n g h o u sin g a s s i s t a n c e p r o v id e d i t below m ark et v a lu e : none p ro v id e d below m arket h o u s in g t o a l l f a c u l t y ; e le v e n (73.3%) p ro v id e d below m ark et h o u s in g t o some f a c u l t y , and fo u r (26.7%) d id n o t s p e c i f y what p o l i c y o b ta in e d . Three o f th e tw e n ty -tw o i n s t i t u t i o n s (13.6%) h a v in g h o u sin g a s s i s t a n c e program s f o r f a c u l t y p r o v id e d h o u sin g a t m a rk e t v a lu e : two (66.7%) p r o v id e d such h o u sin g t o some f a c u l t y , and one (33.3%) d id n o t s p e c i f y w h e th e r such was made a v a i l a b l e t o some f a c u l t y o r t o a l l . D ata by c l a s s i - 115 TABLE 43 F u tu r e P la n s f o r Moving Expense A s s i s t a n c e f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s b y S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t Program P lan n ed W ith in 3 Y ears 1-249 N=1 Num- P er b e r c e n t 250-499 N=0 Num- P er b e r c e n t 500 & over N=1 Num- P er b e r c e n t T o t a l N=2 Num- Per b e r c e n t Yes No No Response 1 100.0 "" 1 100.0 1 5 0 .0 1 5 0 .0 T o t a l s 1 100.0 --- -------- 1 1 00.0 2 1 00.0 G eo g rap h ic R egion Program I II m iv T o t a l P la n n e d N=0 N=1 N=0 N=1 N=2 W ith in Num- P er Num- Per Num- Per Num- P e r Num- P er 3 Y ears b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t Yes — — — — — — — — — — No — — — — . — — 1 -100.0 1 5 0 .0 No Response — — 1 100.0 — — — — 1 5 0 .0 116 f i c a t i o n f o r a l l i n s t i t u t i o n s a re shown in T able 44. A lso shown i n T able 44 a re d a ta a n a ly z in g f a c u l t y h o u sin g p r o v i s i o n s by s i z e o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n . Each s i z e group c o n ta in e d a t l e a s t one i n s t i t u t i o n which p r o v id e d some f r e e h o u s in g . The s i z e group c o n ta in in g t h e l a r g e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s , how ever, c o n ta in e d th e h i g h e s t p e r c e n ta g e o f i n s t i t u t i o n s (57.1%) which p r o v id e d no h o u s in g b e n e f i t w h a ts o e v e r. Wo a tte m p t was made i n t h i s r e s e a r c h to an a ly z e th e h o u s in g b e n e f i t i t s e l f as t o i t s c o m p a ra tiv e mone t a r y v a l u e , means o f a l l o c a t i n g h o u s in g t o f a c u l t y , o r f a c u l t y freedom to f i n d o t h e r h o u s in g and e l e c t t o r e c e iv e a commensurate m onetary s t i p e n d in l i e u o f i n s t i t u t i o n a l h o u sin g . By region, it was found that only Region II and III contained institutions which provided free housing. Region I contained the highest percentage of institutions (66.7%) providing no housing arrangements for faculty, and Region IV contained the highest percentage (62.5%) of institutions which did make provision for faculty housing as shown in Table 45. Recency o f f a c u l t y h o u s in g p r o v i s i o n . — The p r o v i s io n f o r f a c u l t y h o u s in g was found t o be i n e x i s t e n c e in 2 2 .7 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s p r i o r t o 1946, as shown in T able 46. An a c c u r a t e a s se s sm e n t o f t h e re c e n c y o f h o u s in g program s i s , how ever, somewhat d i f f i c u l t inasm uch as 31.8 TABLE 44 Housing P r o v is io n s f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n S t a t u s o f B e n e f i t B e n e f it i s B e n e f i t i s Not F u ll-T im e E n ro llm e n t Num Per P ro v id e d N=22 Num- P er P ro v id e d N=21 Num- Per T o ta l N=43 Num- Per b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t F ree 1 7 .1 TO A ll 1 7 .1 1-249 Below C L 4 2 .9 To Some 4 28.6 N=14 ---- M arket D No Response 2 14.3 6 4 2 .6 14 3 2 .6 At M arket 1 7 .1 No Response 1 7 .1 F ree 2 13.3 No Response 2 13.3 250-499 N=15 Below M arket 4 26.7 To No Some Response 3 1 20.0 6 .7 7 4 6 .7 15 34.8 At M arket 2 13.3 To Some 2 13.3 F ree 1 7 .1 To Some 1 7 .1 500 & o v er Below cr 35.7 To Some 4 28.6 8 57.1 14 32.6 N=14 M arket O No Response 1 7 .1 At M arket - - T o t a l s 22 51.2 21 4 8 .8 43 100.0 TABLE 45 Housing P r o v is io n s f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by G eo graphic Region S t a t u s o f B e n e f it B e n e f i t i s P ro v id e d N=22 G eographic Region Num b e r Per c e n t Num- P er b e r c e n t B e n e f i t i s Not P ro v id ed N=21 Num- Per b e r c e n t I N=6 I I N=18 F ree Below M arket At M arket 33.3 To Some 33.3 I I I N = ll IV N=8 4 66.7 T o ta l N=43 Num- Per b e r c e n t 6 13.9 F ree 2 11.1 To To Some A ll 1 1 5 .6 5 .6 Below M arket 5 27.8 To Some 5 27.8 9 50.0 18 4 1 .9 At M arket 2 11.1 To No Some Response 1 1 5 .6 5.6 F ree 2 18.1 NO Response 2 18.1 Below M arket 4 36.4 To No Some Response 1 3 9 .1 27.3 5 4 5 .5 11 25.6 At M arket — — F ree Below M arket 4 50.0 To No Some Response 3 1 37.5 12.5 3 37.5 8 18.6 At M arket 1 12.5 To Some 1 12.5 T o t a l s 22 51.2 22 51.2 21 4 8 .8 43 100.0 118 119 TABLE 46 Recency o f Housing P r o v is i o n f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region Fall, 1970, Full-Time Student Enrollment 1-249 250-499 500 & over Total Program N=8 N=8 N=6 N=■ 2 2 Instituted Num Per Num Per Num- Per Num Per ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent 1966-1971 1 12.5 1 12.5 — — 2 9 .1 1961-1965 1 12.5 1 12.5 ------------------- 2 9 .1 1956-1960 1 12.5 1 12.5 1 16.7 3 13.6 1951-1955 — 1 12.5 — — 1 4 .5 1946-1950 1 12.5 - - 1 16.7 2 9 .1 Pre 1946 1 12.5 2 25.0 2 33.3 5 22.7 Not Certain 2 2 5.0 1 12.5 1 16.7 4 18.2 No Response 1 12.5 1 12.5 1 16.7 3 13.6 Totals 8 100.0 ~ 8 100.0 6 1 0 0 . 0a ~22 100 . 03 Geographic Region I II III IV Total Program N=■ 2 N=9 N=- 6 N— 5 N==22 Insti Num Per Num Per Num■ Per Num Per Num■ Per tuted ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent 1966-1971 ____ ____ 1 11.1 ____ — , ■ 1 20.0 2 9 .1 1961-1965 1 5 0 .0 1 11.1 — — — — 2 9 .1 1956-1960 _ _ — — — — — 3 60.0 3 13.6 1951-1955 1 2 0 .0 1 4 .5 1946-1950 — — 2 2 2 . 2 — — — — 2 9 .1 Pre 1946 — 3 33.3 2 33.3 — — 5 22.7 Not certain — — 1 11.1 3 50.0 — — 4 18.2 No Response 1 5 0 .0 1 11.1 1 16.7 — — 3 13.6 Totals 2 100.0 9 10 0 . 0a 6 100.0 5 100.0 22 100 . 0J aRounded f i g u r e s . 120 p e r c e n t o f th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s were e i t h e r u n c e r t a i n o f th e d a te when such a program was i n s t i t u t e d o r th e y d id n o t answ er th e q u e s t i o n . The y e a r s o f 1956 t o 1960 seemed m ost p r o d u c t iv e o f p r o v i s i o n s f o r f a c u l t y h o u s in g , w ith 13.6 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s im p lem enting program s d u rin g t h a t tim e . The l a r g e r i n s t i t u t i o n s have had f a c u l t y h o u s in g program s in e f f e c t f o r a lo n g e r p e r i o d o f tim e th a n have th e s m a l l e r ones. Developm ent o f program s in th e o t h e r two groups w ere q u i t e s i m i l a r t o each o t h e r as i s shown in T able 46. By r e g i o n , th e o l d e s t f a c u l t y h o u s in g program s were found in Regions I I and I I I . C h ie f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s i n Region I I I e x p r e s s e d th e g r e a t e s t d eg re e o f u n c e r t a i n t y as t o when th e h o u sin g program was e s t a b l i s h e d in t h e i r i n s t i t u t i o n s . Region I c o n ta in e d th e s m a l l e s t p e r c e n ta g e (33.3%) o f i n s t i t u t i o n s w ith f a c u l t y h o u s in g p r o v i s i o n s , w ith o n ly two o f t h e s i x i n s t i t u t i o n s i n t h a t r e g io n r e p o r t i n g p ro g ram s. Complete d a ta a re p r e s e n t e d i n T ab le 46. F u tu re p l a n s f o r h o u s in g p ro g ra m s . — Of th e tw e n ty - one c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s r e p o r t i n g t h a t p r o v i s i o n f o r f a c u l t y h o u s in g was n o t made a t t h e i r i n s t i t u t i o n s , o n ly one (4.2%) r e p o r t e d t h a t such program was b e in g p la n n e d f o r im p le m e n ta tio n w i t h i n th e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s . T h i r t e e n (61.9%) r e p o r t e d t h a t such program was n o t b e in g p la n n e d , t h r e e 121 (14.3%) were u n c e r t a i n , and f o u r (19%) d id n o t resp o n d to th e q u e s t i o n . As shown i n T able 47, t h e o n ly i n s t i t u t i o n p la n n in g t o im plem ent a ' f a c u l t y h o u s in g program w i t h i n t h e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s was found among th e group o f s m a l l e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s . The 250-499 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t group had th e h i g h e s t number o f i n s t i t u t i o n s (85.7%) r e p o r t i n g t h a t a f a c u l t y h o u sin g program was d e f i n i t e l y n o t b e in g p la n n e d f o r im p le m e n ta tio n w i t h i n th e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s . The group, c o n t a i n i n g th e l a r g e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s were e v e n ly d iv id e d b e tween th o s e r e p o r t i n g t h a t no program f o r f a c u l t y h o u sin g was b e in g p la n n e d and th o s e who w ere e i t h e r u n c e r t a i n o r d id n o t resp o n d t o th e q u e s t i o n . The n e g a t i v e r e s p o n s e s p e r t a i n i n g t o p l a n s f o r im p le m e n tin g f a c u l t y h o u sin g p ro g ram s w i t h i n th e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s were f a i r l y w e ll d i s t r i b u t e d by g e o g ra p h ic r e g io n as shown in T able 47. The o n ly i n s t i t u t i o n p la n n in g such a p rogram was l o c a t e d i n Region I . Housing l o c a t i o n a s s i s t a n c e . — When ask ed t o resp o n d t o w h e th e r i n s t i t u t i o n a l p r o v i s i o n was made f o r h e lp in g f a c u l t y l o c a t e s u i t a b l e h o u sin g th ro u g h a fo rm al o f f i c e a t th e i n s t i t u t i o n i n a d d i t i o n t o , o r in p l a c e o f i n s t i t u t i o n a l l y owned h o u s in g , tw en ty (46.5%) c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s i n d i c a t e d t h a t t h i s was b e in g done. As shown in T a b le 48, e i g h t (18.6%) i n s t i t u t i o n s w hich d id n o t have a h o u sin g 122 TABLE 47 F u tu re P la n s f o r Im p lem en tin g Housing P r o v is i o n s f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y i n B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e of i n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic Region P ro g r am Planned W ijh in 3 Years F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t ; E n ro llm e n t 1- N Num b e r 249 2 50 =6 N P er Num- c e n t b e r -499 — n Per c e n t 500 & o v er N=8 Num- P er b e r c e n t T o t a l N=21 Num- P er b e r c e n t Yes 1 1G.7 — _ ______ 1 4 .8 No 3 5 0 .0 6 8 5 .7 4 5 0 .0 13 6 1 .9 Not C e r t a i n 1 16.7 1 14.3 1 12.5 3 1 4 .3 No Response - 16.7 — 3 3 7 .5 4 19.0 T o t a l s 6 1 0 0 .0a 7 100.0 8 100.0 21 100.0 G e o g ra p h ic Region P ro g ra m I I I m IV T o t a l Planned N=4 N=9 N=5 N=3 N=21 W ithin Num- P er Num- P e r Num- Per Num- P e r Num- P er 3 Years b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t Yes 1 2 5 .0 — — — — — — 1 4 .8 NO 2 5 0.0 b 6 6 . 7 3 6 0 .0 2 66.7 13 6 1 .9 Not Certain 1 ' 2 5 .0 1 1 1 .1 1 2 0 .0 — — 3 14.3 It) Response - — — n zL 2 2 . 2 1 2 0 .0 1 33.3 4 19.0 Totals 4 100.0 9 1 0 0 .0 5 100.0 3 1 00.0 21 100.0 a-Rounded f i g u r e . 12 3 TABLE 48 P re v a le n c e o f Housing L o c a tin g A s s i s ta n c e f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty i n B ib le C o lle g e s i n P la c e o f o r i n A d d itio n to I n s t i t u t i o n a l l y Owned H ousing, by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo g rap h ic R egion F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t 1-■249 250 -499 500 & over T o t a l S t a t u s o f th e N==14 N=15 N=: 14 N==43 P r o v is io n b Num■ Per Num Per Num■ Per Num P er b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t Both A & B 4 28. 6 2 13.3 6 4 2 .8 12 27 .9 N e ith e r A o r B 5 35.7 5 33 .3 2 14.3 12 27.9 A b u t n o t B 3 21.4 4 26.7 — — 7 16.3 B b u t n o t A 1 7.1 1 6.7 6 4 2 .8 8 18.6 No Response 1 7 .1 3 20.0 — — 4 9.3 T o t a l s 14 100. 0 a 15 100.0 14 100 . oa 43 100.0 Geographic Region I I I I I I IV Total N=6 N=18 N=11 N=8 N=43 Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent Both A & B 2 33 .3 5 27.8 3 27.2 2 25.0 12 27.9 Neither Aar B 1 16.7 5 27.8 4 3 6 .4 2 25.0 12 2 7 .9 A bu t not B — — 3 16.7 1 9 .1 3 37.5 7 16.3 B bu t not A 3 5 0 .0 3 16.7 1 9 .1 1 12.5 8 18.6 No Response — — 2 11.1 2 18.2 — — 4 9 .3 T o t a l s 6 100.0 18 100 . 0a 11 100.0 8 100.0 43 100.0 ^■Rounded f i g u r e s . "A" r e p r e s e n t s th e e x i s t e n c e o f c o lle g e -o w n e d h o u s in g . "B" r e p r e s e n t s i n s t i t u t i o n a l a s s i s t a n c e in l o c a t i n g h o u sin g f o r f a c u l t y . 124 program o f t h e i r own, d id r e p o r t a fo rm al o f f i c e a t t h e i n s t i t u t i o n w hich p r o v id e d h e lp t o f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y i n l o c a t i n g h o u s in g . However, seven (16.3%) i n s t i t u t i o n s which had t h e i r own i n s t i t u t i o n a l l y owned h o u s in g f o r f a c u l t y d id n o t have an o f f i c e which a id e d f a c u l t y i n f i n d i n g s u i t a b l e h o u s in g a p a r t from th e i n s t i t u t i o n . I t was a l s o found t h a t th e l a r g e r i n s t i t u t i o n s by s i z e had th e h i g h e s t p e r c e n ta g e o f c o l l e g e owned h o u sin g combined w ith h o u sin g l o c a t i o n s e r v i c e (42.8% ), th e h i g h e s t p e r c e n ta g e o f h o u s in g l o c a t o r s e r v i c e a p a r t from c o lle g e owned h o u s in g (42.8% ), and th e lo w e s t p e r c e n ta g e o f n e i t h e r v c o l l e g e owned h o u s in g n o r h o u s in g l o c a t i n g a s s i s t a n c e (14.3% ). As can a l s o be seen i n T ab le 4 8 , t h e r e was l i t t l e n o t i c e a b l e f l u c t u a t i o n on h o u sin g p r o v i s i o n by g e o g ra p h ic r e g i o n , w ith t h e e x c e p tio n t h a t Region I made th e g r e a t e s t e f f o r t (50%) i n a s s i s t i n g f a c u l t y i n f i n d i n g s u i t a b l e h o u s i n g , and i n s t i t u t i o n s in Region I I I made th e l e a s t e f f o r t (9.1%) i n t h i s d i r e c t i o n . Recency o f h o u s in g l o c a t o r s e r v i c e . — Only te n (47.6%) o f th e tw e n ty -o n e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s who i n d i c a t e d t h a t a fo rm a l o f f i c e e x i s t e d a t th e i n s t i t u t i o n which gave a i d i n h e l p i n g f a c u l t y l o c a t e s u i t a b l e h o u s in g , were a b le t o s p e c i f y t h e d a te when such s e r v i c e was i n i t i a t e d . No s i n g l e p e r i o d seemed more p r o d u c tiv e o f t h i s p r o v i s i o n 125 th a n o t h e r s w ith t h e e x c e p tio n o f th e 19 46 t o 1950 p e r i o d in w hich f o u r (19%) i n s t i t u t i o n s i n i t i a t e d such s e r v i c e , as shown in T able 49. The s m a l l e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s , by g ro u p , seemed most u n c e r t a i n as t o when t h e program was e s t a b l i s h e d . The c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f th e l a r g e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s , by group, how ever, were a l s o v ery u n c e r t a i n . The most r e c e n t program o f t h i s ty p e was i n s t i t u t e d i n i n s t i t u t i o n s o f th e 250-499 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t s i z e g ro u p . Region IV, had e s t a b l i s h e d t h e most r e c e n t h o u sin g l o c a t o r a s s i s t a n c e f o r f a c u l t y , w ith two o f th e t h r e e i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t i n g t h i s s e r v i c e i n s t i t u t e d s in c e 1960. S e v e n ty - f iv e p e r c e n t o f c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s in Region I I I were n o t a b le t o s p e c i f y when th e program was i n i t i a t e d in t h e i r i n s t i t u t i o n s . Complete d a t a a r e shown in T ab le 49. F u tu re p l a n s f o r h o u s in g l o c a t o r a s s i s t a n c e .--A s shown i n T ab le 50, o f th e n i n e t e e n c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s r e p o r t i n g t h a t no a i d was g iv en to f a c u l t y by t h e i n s t i t u t i o n in l o c a t i n g s u i t a b l e h o u s in g , none i n d i c a t e d t h a t su ch s e r v ic e was b e in g p la n n e d f o r im p le m e n ta tio n w i t h i n th e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s . F o u rte e n (73.7%) r e p o r t e d t h a t such p la n s w ere d e f i n i t e l y n o t b e in g made and f i v e (2 6.3%) d id n o t resp o n d t o th e q u e s t i o n . P r i v a t e F a c u lty O f f i c e s E i g h t y - s i x p e r c e n t o f B ib le c o l l e g e s were found to 126 TABLE 49 Recency of Housing Locating Assistance Service for Full Time Faculty in Bible Colleges by Size of Institution and Geographic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t 1-249 250-499 500 & o v e r T o t a l Proqram N=6 N=3 N=12 N ==21 I n s t i t u t e d Num Per Num Per Num- Per Num- Per b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t 1966-1971 _ — 1 33.3 . . . 1 4 .8 1961-1965 1 16.7 — — 1 8 .3 2 9 .5 1956-1960 — — — — _ _ — — 1951-1955 1 16.7 — 1 8 .3 2 9 .5 1946-1950 — 1 33 .3 3 25.0 4 19.0 Pre 1946 — — - - 1 8 .3 1 4 .8 Not c e r t a i n 1 16.7 I 3 3.3 1 8 .3 3 14.3 No R esponse 3 50.0 — — 5 4 1 .7 8 38.1 T o t a l s 6 100. oa ~3 1 0 0 . oa 12 100 . 0a 2 1 100.0 Geographic Region I II III IV Total Proqram N== 5 N=9 N ==4 N=3 N ==21 I n s t i Num Per Num Per Num- P er Num P e r Num■ Per t u t e d b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t 1966-1971 1 33.3 1 4 .8 1961-1965 1 20.0 — — — — 1 33.3 2 9 .5 1956-1960 — — — — — — — — — — 1951-1955 1 2 0 .0 1 11.1 — - - — — 2 9 .5 1946-1950 — — 3 33.3 1 2 5.0 — — 4 19.0 P re 1946 — — 1 11.1 — — - - — 1 4 .8 Ndt Certain — — 1 1 1 . 1 2 5 0.0 — — 3 14.3 Nb Response 3 6 0 .0 3 33.3 1 2 5 .0 1 33.3 8 3 8.1 T o t a l s 5 100.0 9 100 . 0a 4 100.0 3 1 0 0 . 0a 21 100.0 ^Rounded f i g u r e s . 12 7 TABLE 50 F u tu r e P la n s f o r I n s t i t u t i n g Housing L o c a tin g A s s is ta n c e S e r v ic e f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by S i z e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eographic Region Fall, 1970, Full-Time Student ; Enrollment Proqram planned Within 3 Years 1-249 N=8 Num- Per ber cent 250-499 N-9 Num- Per ber cent 500 & over N=2 Num- Per ber cent Total N—19 Num- Per ber cent Yes No No Response 4 50.0 4 50.0 9 100,0 1 50.0 1 5 0 .0 14 73.7 5 26.3 T o t i 8 100.0 9 100.0 2 100.0 19 100.0 G eographic Region Program Planned Within 3 Y ears I I I I I I IV T o ta l N - l N=8 N=5 N=5 N=19 Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent Yes No Nb Response 1 T o t a l s 1 100.0 6 2 75.0 25.0 4 80.0 1 20.0 4 1 8 0 .0 20.0 14 72.7 5 26.3 100.0 8 100.0 5 100.0 5 1 00.0 19 100.0 12 8 p r o v id e p r i v a t e f a c u l t y o f f i c e s . As shown in Table 51, an in v e r s e r e l a t i o n s h i p was found betw een th e s i z e o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n , by g ro u p , and th e p r e v a le n c e o f p r i v a t e o f f i c e s ■for f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y . One h u n d red p e r c e n t o f th e s m a l l e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s , by g roup, r e p o r t e d t h i s b e n e f i t , b u t only 71.4 p e r c e n t o f th e l a r g e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s , by g ro u p , so r e p o r t e d . No g r e a t d i f f e r e n c e was found betw een re g io n s r e l a t i v e t o th e p r o v is i o n f o r p r i v a t e f a c u l t y o f f i c e s . The h i g h e s t p e r c e n ta g e o f p r o v i s i o n (94.4%) was found in Region I I , and th e lo w e s t p e r c e n ta g e o f p r o v i s i o n (75%) was found i n Region IV. No c l e a r r e l a t i o n s h i p c o u ld be drawn from th e age o f i n s t i t u t i o n s and th e p r e v a le n c e o f p r i v a t e f a c u l t y o f f i c e s . From d a t a p r e s e n t e d in T ab le 51, i t d id a p p e a r, how ever, t h a t i n s t i t u t i o n s w hich were e s t a b l i s h e d s in c e 1919 made g r e a t e r p r o v i s i o n i n t h i s a r e a th a n th o s e e s t a b l i s h e d p r i o r t o t h a t d a te . Recency o f p r o v i s i o n f o r p r i v a t e f a c u l t y o f f i c e s . — Of th e t h i r t y - s e v e n c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s r e p o r t i n g t h a t p r i v a t e o f f i c e s were p r o v id e d f o r f a c u l t y a t t h e i r i n s t i t u t i o n s , n in e (24.3%) were u n a b le t o s p e c i f y when th e p r o v i s io n was i n s t i t u t e d . As shown in T able 52, s i x (16.2%) were i n s t i t u t e d s in c e 1965. Only f o u r (10.8%) e x i s t e d p r i o r t o 19 46. 129 TABLE 51 P r o v is i o n fo r P r i v a t e F a c u l t y O f f ic e s f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n , G eographic R egion, and Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n Status of Benefit B e n e f i t B e n e f i t i s i s Not F u ll-T im e P ro v id e d P ro v id e d T o t a l E n ro llm e n t N=37 N=6 N=43 Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per ber cent ber cent ber cent 1-249 14 100.0 --------- — 14 32.6 250-499 13 8 6 . 7 2 13.3 15 34.8 500 & o v e r 10 71.4 4 2 8 .6 14 32.6 ' T o t a l s 37 8 6 .0 6 14.0 43 100.0 Geoqraphic Reqion I 5 8 3 .3 1 16.7 6 13.9 I I 17 9 4 .4 1 5 .6 18 4 1 .9 I I I 9 8 1 .8 2 18.2 11 25.6 IV 6 75.0 2 25.0 8 18.6 Totals 37 8 6 .0 ~ 6 14.0 43 100.0 C o lle g e E s t a b l i s h e d P r i o r to 1900 3 7 5 .0 1 25.0 4 9 .3 1900-1909 1 50.0 1 50.0 2 4 .7 1910-1919 6 8 5 .7 1 14.3 7 16.3 1920-1929 9 100.0 — — 9 20.9 1930-1939 10 9 0 .9 1 9 .1 11 25.5 1940-1949 6 75.0 2 25.0 8 18.6 1950-1959 2 100.0 — — 2 4 .7 I960----- T o ta ls none 37 8 6 .0 6 14.0 43 100.0 TABLE 52 Recency o f P r o v is io n f o r P r i v a t e F a c u lty O f fic e s f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eographic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t 1-249 250-499 500 & over T o ta l Proqram I n s t i t u t e d N= Num b e r : 14 Per c e n t N‘ Num b e r =13 - Per c e n t N=10 Num- Per b e r c e n t N= Num b e r ■ ■ 3 1 • Per c e n t 1966-1971 2 14.3 4 31.0 __ — — 6 16.2 1961-1965 1 7.1 2 15.4 -------- 3 8 .1 1956-1960 2 14.3 2 15.4 2 20.0 6 16.2 1951-1955 — — 1 7 .6 1 10.0 2 5.4 1946-1950 5 35.7 1 7.6 1 10.0 7 18.9 Pre 1946 -- — 2 15.4 2 20.0 4 10.8 Not C e r ta in 1 7.1 1 7.6 — 2 5.4 No Response 3 21.4 — - - 4 4 0 .0 7 18.9 T o t a l s 14 100 . Oa 13 100.0 10 100.0 "37 100.0 G eographic Region I I I I I I IV T o ta l Program N=5 N= 17 N=■ 9 N=6 N=■ ■ 3 1 I n s t i - Num- Per Num - Per Num Per Num- Per Num Per t u t e d b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t 1966-1971 — — 2 11.8 2 22.2 2 33.3 6 16.2 1961-1965 1 20.0 1 5.9 1 11.1 — — 3 8.1 1956-1960 1 20.0 2 11.8 1 11.1 2 33.3 6 16.2 1951-1955 — — 1 5.9 1 11.1 — — 2 5.4 1946-1950 1 20.0 4 23.5 1 11.1 1 16.7 7 18.9 Pre 1946 _ _ 4 23.5 — - - — — 4 10.8 Not Certain — — — — 2 22.2 — — 2 5.4 Nd Response 2 4 0 .0 3 17.6 1 11.1 1 16. 7 7 18.9 T o ta ls 5 100.0 17 100.0 9 100 . Oa 6 100.0 37 100 . 0a aRounded f i g u r e s . 131 By s i z e o f i n s t i t u t i o n as r e f l e c t e d in f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o l lm e n t , c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f i n s t i t u t i o n s in th e 250-499 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t group r e p o r t e d th e g r e a t e s t number o f program s (46.4%) i n s t i t u t e d s in c e 1960. R ecent p r o v i s i o n i n t h i s a r e a was a l s o r e p o r t e d in th e s m a l l e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s by g ro u p , w ith 1 4 .3 p e r c e n t r e p o r t i n g making t h i s p r o v i s i o n s in c e 1965. A lso r e p o r t e d in T able 52 i s th e e s ta b li s h m e n t o f th e p r o v i s i o n f o r p r i v a t e f a c u l t y o f f i c e s by g e o g ra p h ic r e g io n . No c l e a r t r e n d i s d i s c e r n a b l e e x c e p t t h a t Region I I a p p e a rs t o have e s t a b l i s h e d a l a r g e r p e r c e n ta g e (47%) o f program s p r i o r t o 1951 th a n d id th e o t h e r r e g io n s . F u tu re p l a n s f o r p r o v id i n g p r i v a t e f a c u l t y o f f i c e s . Of t h e s i x i n s t i t u t i o n s w hich d id n o t p r o v id e f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y w ith p r i v a t e o f f i c e s , on ly two (33.3%) r e p o r t e d p la n s t o im plem ent such w i t h i n th e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s . Three (50%) d id n o t have such p l a n s , and one (16.7%) d id n o t re sp o n d t o th e q u e s t i o n . By s i z e o f i n s t i t u t i o n , a l l r e p o r t e d p la n s f o r th e im p le m e n ta tio n o f p r i v a t e f a c u l t y o f f i c e s were found i n th e l a r g e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s . The s m a l l e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s , by g ro u p , a l l had p r o v id e d p r i v a t e o f f i c e s t o f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y . The two i n s t i t u t i o n s i n th e 250-499 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o l l ment s i z e group r e p o r t e d t h a t such p r o v i s i o n was n o t b e in g p la n n e d w i t h i n th e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s . These d a t a are shown 132 in T able 53. By r e g i o n , i n s t i t u t i o n s in Regions XI and I I I , n o t h a v in g p r o v is i o n f o r p r i v a t e f a c u l t y o f f i c e s , do n o t p la n t o im plem ent such w i t h i n t h r e e y e a r s . The one i n s t i t u t i o n in Region I which d id n o t have such p r o v i s i o n r e p o r t e d p la n s t o im plem ent th e same w i t h i n t h r e e y e a r s . The two i n s t i t u t i o n s in Region IV w hich d id n o t have such a program were d iv i d e d w ith one i n s t i t u t i o n p la n n in g t o im plem ent th e p r o v is i o n f o r p r i v a t e f a c u l t y o f f i c e s w i t h i n th e n e x t t h r e e y e a r s and t h e o t h e r n o t re sp o n d in g t o th e q u e s t i o n . These d a ta a re a l s o r e p o r t e d i n T able 53. The o l d e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s a l l have p r o v i s i o n f o r p r i v a te f a c u l t y o f f i c e s o r a re p la n n in g t o im plem ent th e same w i t h i n t h r e e y e a r s , as shown i n T able 53. A s h a rp b re a k o c c u rs a t th e i n s t i t u t i o n s e s t a b l i s h e d a f t e r 1929, where th e t h r e e re m a in in g i n s t i t u t i o n s w hich d id n o t p r o v id e t h i s b e n e f i t a l s o d id n o t i n d i c a t e p la n s t o im plem ent such w ith in t h r e e y e a r s . Secretarial Assistance T h i r t y - s e v e n (86% ) o u t o f f o r t y - t h r e e re sp o n d in g c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f B ib le c o l l e g e s i n d i c a t e d t h a t s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e was p r o v id e d f o r f a c u l t y a t t h e i r i n s t i t u t i o n s . In i n s t i t u t i o n s o f th e 2 50-499 f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t s i z e , 9 3 .3 p e r c e n t p r o v id e d t h i s b e n e f i t . In t h e l a r g e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s , by g ro u p , 78.6 p e r c e n t provided 133 TABLE 53 F u tu r e P la n s f o r P ro v id in g P r i v a t e F a c u l t y O f f i c e s f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n , G eo g rap h ic R egion, and Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n Status of Benefit Full-Time Enrollment 1-249 2 50-499 500 & over Benefit was Planned N=2 Num- Per Totals 2 2 Benefit was not Planned N=3 Num- Per No Response N=1 Num- P er Total N=6 Num- Per b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b e r c e n t 50.0 33.3 2 100.0 1 2 5 .0 50.0 1 T 2 5 .0 16.7 33.3 66.7 ~6 1 0 0 .0 2 4 Geographic Region I II III IV 1 100.0 Totals 1 2 5 0 .0 33.3 1 1 0 0 .0 2 1 0 0 .0 3 50.0 1 T 50.0 16.7 1 16.7 1 16.7 2 33.3 2 33.3 ~ 6 100.0 College E s t a b l i s h e d P re 1900 1900-1909 1910-1919 1920-1929 1930-1939 1940-1949 1950----- 1 1 1 00.0 100.0 1 100.0 2 100.0 1 100.0 1 16.7 1 16.7 1 16.7 1 2 16.7 33.3 none Totals 33.3 3 5 0 .0 1 6.7 6 1 0 0 . a Rounded f i g u r e . 134 t h i s b e n e f i t . In t h e s m a l l e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s , by g ro u p , f a c u l t y s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e was found i n 85.7 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s as i s shown i n T a b le 54. By r e g i o n , t h i s b e n e f i t was found in 100 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s in Region I I I . The lo w e s t p e r c e n ta g e was found i n Region I w ith 6 6 .7 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t in g s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e t o f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y . Region I I and Region IV were v i r t u a l l y e q u a l in th e p r o v i s i o n of t h e i r b e n e f i t as shown i n T ab le 54, w ith 83.3 and 87.5 p e r c e n t , r e s p e c t i v e l y , p r o v id in g s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e . No a tte m p t was made i n t h i s r e s e a r c h t o d e te rm in e how much o r un d er what c o n d i t i o n s s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e was p r o v id e d t o f a c u l t y . No t r e n d c o u ld be d e t e c t e d w ith r e f e r e n c e t o th e age o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n and th e p r e v a le n c e o f s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e t o f a c u l t y as i s e v i d e n t i n Table 54. While t h e numbers were s m a l l , b o th t h e o l d e s t and th e y o u n g e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t e d 100 p e r c e n t p r o v i s i o n f o r s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e t o f a c u l t y . Recency o f p r o v i s i o n f o r f a c u l t y s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e . — I t was found t h a t a lm o st one q u a r t e r (21.9%) o f s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e program s f o r f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y in B ib le c o l l e g e s w ere i n s t i t u t e d s in c e 1965, and 45.9 p e r c e n t o f program s have been i n s t i t u t e d s in c e 19 55. As shown in T ab le 55, no c l e a r t r e n d was e v id e n c e d 135 TABLE 54 P r e v a le n c e o f S e c r e t a r i a l A s s i s ta n c e t o F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n , G eo g rap h ic R egion, and Age o f I n s t i t u t i o n S t a t u s o f B e n e f i t Benefit Benefit was was not Provided Provided Total N==37 N-=6 N==43 Full-Time Num Per Num- Per Num Per Enrollment ber cent ber cent ber cent 1-249 12 85.7 2 14.3 14 32.6 250-499 14 93.3 1 6.7 15 3 4.8 500 & over 11 7 8 .6 3 2 1.4 14 3 2.6 Totals 37 8 6 .0 6 14.0 43 100.0 Geoqraphic Region I 4 66.7 2 33.3 6 13.9 I I 15 8 3.3 3 16.7 18 4 2 .0 I I I 11 100.0 — — 11 2 5.5 IV 7 8 7 .5 1 12.5 8 18.6 Totals 37 8 6 .0 ~ 14.0 43 100.0 College Established Pre 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1900 -1909 -1919 -1929 -1939 1949 1959 4 1 6 8 9 7 2 100.0 5 0.0 8 5.7 8 8 .9 8 1 .8 8 7 .5 100.0 none 1 1 1 2 1 T o t a l s 37 8 6 .0 50.0 14.3 11.1 18.2 1 2.5 14.0 4 2 7 9 11 8 2 9 .3 4 .7 16.2 20.9 2 5 .6 18.6 4 .7 43 100.0 136 TABLE 55 Recency o f P r o v is io n f o r S e c r e t a r i a l A s s is ta n c e t o F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eographic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t 1-249 250-499 500 & o v er T o ta l Proqram Instituted N= Num ber = 12 Per cent N= Num ber = 14 ■ Per cent N=ll Num- Per ber cent N= Num ber ■31 Per cent 1966-1971 2 16.7 4 28.6 2 18.2 8 21 .6 ■ 1961-1965 — — 1 7.1 2 18.2 3 8 .1 1956-1960 — _ _ 6 42.9 — 6 16.2 1951-1955 ] 8 .3 1 7.1 1 9 .1 3 8 .1 1946-1950 2 16.7 — — 1 9 .1 3 8 .1 Pre 1946 1 8 .3 1 7.1 — — 2 5 .4 Not Certain 2 16.7 _ _ — 1 9 .1 ' 3 8 .1 No Response 4 33.3 1 7.1 4 36.3 9 24.3 Totals 12 100.0 14 100 . 0a 11 100.0 37 100 . 0a Proqram I n s t i t u t e d I N= Num ber G eographic Region 4 Per c e n t N: Num b e r I I =15 - Per c e n t I I I N=11 Num- P er b e r c e n t Num b e r IV N=7 - Per c e n t T o ta l N=3 7 Num- P er b e r c e n t 1966-1971 — — 3 20.0 4 36.3 1 14.3 8 21.6 1961-1965 — — 1 6.7 — — 2 28.6 3 8 .1 1956-1960 — — 2 13.3 1 9 .1 3 4 2.9 6 16.2 1951-1955 1 25.0 1 6.7 1 ' 9 .1 — — 3 8 .1 1946-1950 1 25.0 2 13.3 — — — — 3 8.1 Pre 1946 — — 2 13.3 — — — — 2 5.4 Not Certain — - - 1 6.7 2 18.2 — — 3 8 .1 No Response 2 50.0 3 20.0 3 27.3 1 14.2 9 24.3 T o ta ls 4 100.0 15 100.0 11 100.0 7 100.0 37 100 . 0a a-Rounded f i g u r e s . 137 as t o th e developm ent o f s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e program s in r e l a t i o n t o th e s i z e o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n . C h ie f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f th e s m a l l e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s by g ro u p , seemed most un c e r t a i n as t o th e d a te when th e program was i n s t i t u t e d i n t h e i r i n s t i t u t i o n s w ith 5 0 p e r c e n t o f them b e in g e i t h e r un c e r t a i n as t o th e d a te o r n o t re sp o n d in g t o th e q u e s t i o n . This was fo llo w e d by th e l a r g e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s by g roup, w ith 4 5 .4 p e r c e n t o f c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s b e in g e i t h e r un c e r t a i n o r n o t re sp o n d in g t o th e q u e s t i o n . By r e g i o n , on ly h a l f o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n s in Region I r e p o r t e d s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e p ro g ra m s, b u t o f t h o s e , 5 0 p e r c e n t gave no in f o r m a tio n as t o th e d a te when th e p r o gram was im plem ented. The s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e program s i n Region IV were t h e most r e c e n t o f any r e g io n w ith a l l of t h e r e p o r t e d program s h a v in g been im plem ented s in c e 1955. As shown in T able 55, Region I I r e p o r t e d th e e a r l i e s t and m ost s te a d y grow th o f s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e program s f o r f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y . F u tu re p la n s f o r s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e p ro g ra m s . — None o f th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f th e s i x i n s t i t u t i o n s which d i d n o t p ro v id e s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e t o f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y i n d i c a t e d t h a t such a p ro g ram was b e in g p la n n e d w i t h i n t h r e e y e a r s , a lth o u g h o n ly one o f th e s i x (16.7%) re sp o n d e d t h a t such a program d e f i n i t e l y was n o t b e in g p la n n e d w i t h i n t h r e e y e a r s . The re m a in in g f i v e (83.3%) 138 were u n s p e c i f i c w ith two (33.3%) b e in g u n c e r t a i n as t o f u t u r e p l a n s , and t h r e e (50%) f a i l i n g t o re sp o n d t o th e q u e s t i o n , as shown in T a b le 56. By s i z e o f i n s t i t u t i o n , th e o n ly d e f i n i t e l y n e g a t i v e re sp o n se p e r t a i n i n g t o f u tu r e p la n s f o r s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e was found in th e s m a l l e s t i n s t i t u t i o n , by g roup. By r e g i o n , t h i s n e g a t i v e re sp o n se was found in Region I . F a c u l t y T e ach in g Loads Since t e a c h i n g lo a d s do, in p a r t , h e lp d e te rm in e th e c o n d itio n s u n d e r w h ich f a c u l t y w i l l w ork, i t was d e t e r mined t o a s c e r t a i n th e number o f s e m e s te r u n i t ho u rs f a c u l t y were a s s ig n e d t o t e a c h i n th e B ib le c o l l e g e s i n v e s t i g a te d . Where a ran g e o f h o u rs was g iv e n by t h e re sp o n d in g c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r , t h e h i g h e s t u n i t h o u r lo a d d e s ig n a te d was used i n c o m p ilin g t h e d a t a . T eaching lo a d s were found t o ran g e from a low o f n i n e u n i t s in one i n s t i t u t i o n (2.4%) t o a h ig h o f f i f t e e n u n i t s i n e le v e n i n s t i t u t i o n s (26.6%). The a v e ra g e te a c h i n g l o a d f o r th e f o r t y - t w o i n s t i t u t i o n s w hich r e p o r t e d was t h i r t e e n s e m e s te r u n i t s . As shown i n T a b le 57, th e l a r g e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s , as r e f l e c t e d in f u l l - t i m e s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t were found t o have th e h e a v i e s t f a c u l t y te a c h i n g lo a d a s s ig n m e n ts , w ith an a v erag e f o r a l l i n s t i t u t i o n s in t h a t group o f 13.2 s e m e s te r u n i t h o u r s . The 1-249 and th e 250-499 f u l l - t i m e 139 TABLE 56 F u tu re P la n s f o r im plem enting S e c r e t a r i a l A s s i s ta n c e f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u lty in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eo graphic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm e n t Proqram Plan n ed W ith in 3 Y ears 1- N Num b e r 249 =2 Per c e n t 250-499 500 & o v er N=1 N=3 Num- P er Num- Per b e r c e n t b e r c e n t T o t a l N=6 Num- Par b e r c e n t Yes No 1 Not C e r ta in No Respor.se 1 T o t a l s 2 50.0 50.0 i o o .'o 1 1 00.0 1 33.3 — — 2 66.7 1 100.0 3 100.0 1 16.7 2 33.3 3 50.0 ~6 icoTo' G eo g rap h ic Region Proqram P lan n ed W ith in 3 Y ears I I I I I I IV N=2 N=3 N-0 N -l Num- Per Num- Per Num- P er Num- Per b e r c e n t b e r c e n t b a r c e n t b e r c e n t T o t a l N=6 Num- P er b e r c e n t Yes No Not Certain Nb Response 1 50 1 50 .0 — 2 .0 1 66.7 — — — — 33.3 — — 1 100.0 1 16.7 2 33.3 3 50.0 T o t a l s 2 100 .0 3 100.0 — — 1 100.0 6 100.0 140 TABLE 57 T eaching Loads in S em ester U nit-H ours f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y in B ib le C o lle g e s by S iz e o f I n s t i t u t i o n and G eographic Region F a l l , 1970, F u ll-T im e S tu d e n t E n ro llm en t 1-249 250-499 500 & o v er T o ta l S em ester N=14 N= U n it Num- P er Num- Hours b e r c e n t b e r 15 4 28.6 3 14 2 14.3 1 13% — — — 13 1 7 .1 4 12 5 35.7 6 11 1 7 .1 1 10 — — — 9 1 7.1 — Average L o a d :12.9 12.9 .5 N == 13 N=42 Per Num Per Num Per cent ber cent ber cent 20.0 4 30.8 11 26.2 6.7 1 7.7 4 9 .5 — 1 7.7 1 2 .4 2 6.6 1 7.7 6 14.3 4 0 .0 5 38.4 16 38.1 6.7 1 7.7 3 7.1 — — — 1 • 1 CM 1 13.2 13.0 G eographic Region I I I I I I IV T o ta l N=6 N=17 N=ll N=8 N=42 Num ber Per cent Num ber Per cent Num ber Per cent Num ber Per cent Num ber Per cent 15 1 16.7 4 23.5 5 4 5 .5 1 12.5 11 26.2 14 1 16.7 2 11.8 1 9 .1 — — 4 9 .4 13% — — — — — — 1 12.5 1 2 .4 13 — — 1 5.9 3 27.2 2 25.0 6 14.3 12 2 33.3 8 4 7 .0 2 18.2 4 50.0 16 38.1 11 2 33.3 1 5.9 — — — — 3 7.1 10 — — — — — — — — — — 9 — — 1 5.9 — — — — 1 2 .4 Average r\ 12.5 12.8 13.8 12.8 13.0 141 s t u d e n t e n r o l l e n t s i z e groups were e q u a l in t e a c h i n g u n i t h o u rs a s s ig n e d w ith an a v e ra g e o f 12.9 s e m e s te r h o u rs. By g e o g r a p h ic r e g i o n , i n s t i t u t i o n s in Region I were found t o have th e l i g h t e s t a v e ra g e t e a c h i n g l o a d , w ith an a v e ra g e o f 1 2.5 s e m e s te r h o u rs a s s i g n e d . Region I I and Re gion IV were i d e n t i c a l in a v e ra g e te a c h i n g lo a d s a s s ig n e d w ith a lo a d o f 1 2 .8 s e m e s te r h o u r s . Region I I I was found to have th e h e a v i e s t a ssig n m e n t w ith an a v e ra g e o f 1 3 .8 s e m e s te r u n i t s . Region I I I was a l s o found t o have th e l a r g e s t p e r c e n t a g e (45.5%) o f i n s t i t u t i o n s a s s i g n i n g a t e a c h in g lo a d o f f i f t e e n s e m e s te r u n i t s . Com plete d a ta a re r e p o r t e d in T a b le 57. Summary T his c h a p te r r e p o r t e d th e f in d i n g s o f t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e r e l a t i v e to th e e x i s t e n c e i n B ib le c o l l e g e s o f th e f i f t e e n s e l e c t e d f r i n g e b e n e f i t s . A ll o f th e s e l e c t e d ben e f i t s w ere found t o be i n e x i s t e n c e in v a r y in g d e g r e e s , b u t no s i n g l e i n s t i t u t i o n was found t o be p r o v i d i n g a l l o f th e b e n e f i t s i n v e s t i g a t e d . The p r e v a le n c e o f th e b e n e f i t was r e p o r t e d in p e r c e n ta g e w ith th e s i z e o f t h e i n s t i t u t i o n s by group b e in g t h e main v a r i a b l e . F u r th e r com parison was made by geo g r a p h i c r e g io n of t h e v a r io u s i n s t i t u t i o n s , and by age o f t h e i n s t i t u t i o n . CHAPTER V FINDINGS RELATIVE TO THE PERCEIVED DESIRABILITY OF FRINGE BENFITS IN BIBLE COLLEGES T his s tu d y s o u g h t t o d e te rm in e w h e th e r f a c u l t y f r i n g e b e n e f i t s commonly found i n i n s t i t u t i o n s o f h i g h e r e d u c a tio n were a l s o found in B ib le c o l l e g e s . F i f t e e n f a c u l t y f r i n g e b e n e f i t s commonly m en tio n ed i n th e l i t e r a t u r e were s e l e c t e d and a q u e s t i o n n a i r e was d e v is e d and m a ile d t o th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r o f th e B ib le c o l l e g e s which met th e c r i t e r i a f o r i n c l u s i o n i n th e s tu d y . The r e t u r n s were t a b u l a t e d . The f in d in g s r e l a t i v e t o th e s t a t u s o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s f o r f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y in B ib le c o l l e g e s w ere r e p o r t e d in C h ap ter IV, a lo n g w i t h numerous t a b l e s t o add c l a r i t y t o t h e d a ta . A lso i n v e s t i g a t e d was th e a t t i t u d e o f th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f each o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n s i n th e sample r e l a t i v e t o h i s o p in io n c o n c e rn in g th e d e s i r a b i l i t y o f t h e v a r io u s f r i n g e b e n e f i t s as an a i d t o him i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . The a d m i n i s t r a t o r s were ask ed t o re sp o n d to a l e v e l o f d e s i r a b i l i t y f o r each f r i n g e b e n e f i t a r e a ra n g in g from "n o t n e c e s s a r y " th ro u g h "m o d e ra te ly 142 143 d e s i r a b l e / ' " d e s i r a b l e , " t o "very d e s i r a b l e . " C hoices were t a b u l a t e d and computed in p e r c e n t a g e s f o r each f r i n g e b en e f i t . F u r t h e r , a p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s was asked t o i n d i c a t e i t s a t t i t u d e c o n c e rn in g th e d eg re e o f d e s i r a b i l i t y e a c h o f th e s e l e c t e d f r i n g e b e n e f i t s would h o ld f o r them as an a i d in t h e r e c r u itm e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . The a p p r o p r i a t e s e c t i o n of t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e was s e n t t o them and t h e i r r e s p o n s e s , a l s o r a n g in g from "n o t n e c e s s a r y " t o "very d e s i r a b l e " w ere t a b u l a t e d and computed i n p e r c e n t age s . This c h a p te r p r e s e n t s th e f i n d i n g s r e l a t i v e t o th e a t t i t u d e o f th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f t h e B ib le c o lle g e s i n th e s tu d y , and a p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s , co n cern in g th e d e s i r a b i l i t y o f th e v a r io u s s e l e c t e d f a c u l t y f r i n g e b e n e f i t s as an aid t o them i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y i n B ible c o l l e g e s . A com prehensive t a b l e was c o n s t r u c t e d g iv in g d a ta and p e r c e n ta g e s f o r t h e c h o ic e s i n d i c a t e d by th e c h i e f ad m i n i s t r a t o r s and th e p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s . The a c t u a l s t a t u s o f t h e v a rio u s f r i n g e b e n e f i t s in B ib le c o l l e g e s a t th e tim e o f th e s tu d y was a l s o in c l u d e d . These d a t a a r e shown in T a b le 58, and s e r v e as a r e f e r e n c e p o i n t f o r th e t e x t o f t h i s c h a p te r . TABLE 58 PERCEIVED DESIRABILITY OF FRINGE BENEFITS IN BIBLE COLLEGES AS AN AID IN THE RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION OF FULL-TIME FACULTY AS SEEN BY CHIEF ADMINISTRATORS OF BIBLE COLLEGES AND A PANEL OF INDEPENDENT EXPERTS, AND THE STATUS OF THOSE BENEFITS Not Neces sary Opinion of Chief Administrators N=43 Modera- Derir- tely De- able sirable Very Desira ble Not Neces sary Opinion of Independent Experts N=8 Modera- Desir- tely De- able sirable Very Desira ble Status of Benefit in Institutions N=43 Benefit Benefit Exists Does Not Exist Num Per Num Per Num Per Num Per Num Per Num Per Num Per Num Per Num Per Num Per ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent Retirement 2 4.7 4 9.3 11 25.6 26 60.4 — — — — 1 12.5 7 87.5 33 76.7 10 23.3 Life Insurance 10 23.3 11 25.6 15 34.9 7 16.2 — — 1 12.5 2 25.0 5 62.5 26 60.0 17 40.0 Health Insurance 2 4.7 1 2.3 7 16.3 33 76.7 — — — — 2 25.0 6 75.0 42 97.6 1 2.3 Sabbatical Leave 3 6.9 8 18.6 18 41.9 14 32.6 — — 2 25.0 5 62. 5 1 12.5 30 69.8 12 27 .9* Non-Sabbatical Leave 8 18.6 12 27.9 19 44.2 3 7.0* 2 25.0 3 37.5 — — 1 12.5* 34 79.0 7 16. 2* Sick Leave 2 4.7 5 11.6 22 51.1 14 32.6 — — 1 12.5 4 50.0 3 37.5 37 86.0 5 11.6* Faculty Travel Expense 2 4.7 6 13.9 24 55.8 11 25.6 — — — — 3 37.5 3 37.5* 43 100.0 — — Faculty Family Educ. 4 9.3 6 14.0 18 41.8 15 34.9 — — 1 12.5 3 37.5 3 37.5* 39 90.7 4 9 . 3 Personal Loans 21 48.8 11 25.6 10 23.3 — _ _ it 3 37.5 4 50.0 — — — _* 18 41.9 25 58.1 Mortgage Loans 29 67.4 8 18.6 4 9.3 1 2.3* 4 50.0 2 25.0 1 12.5 1 12.5 5 11.6 38 88.4 Purchase Thru Inst. 12 27.9 16 37.2 13 30.2 1 2.3* 4 50.0 3 37.5 1 12.5 — — 31 72.1 11 25.6* Moving Expense — — 2 4.7 17 39.5 24 5 5 . 8 — — 1 12.5 3 37.5 4 50.0 41 95.3 2 4 . 7 Faculty Housing 17 39.5 14 32.6 9 20.9 3 7.0 5 62. 5 1 12.5 2 25.0 — — 22 51.2 21 48.9 Private Fac. Offices 1 2.3 5 11.6 18 41.8 19 44.2 — — — — 2 25.0 6 75.0 37 86.0 6 14.0 Secretarial Assistance 1 2.3 9 20.9 18 41.8 15 34.9 — — — — 5 62.5 3 37.5 37 86.0 6 14.0 •Percentages will not add to 100 per cent due to some 'no response1 which were not included in this table. 145 R e tire m e n t The c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r o f each re sp o n d in g i n s t i t u t i o n was ask ed t o i n d i c a t e w hat he f e l t t o be th e d eg re e of d e s i r a b i l i t y o f t h i s b e n e f i t as an a i d i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . F or a l l i n s t i t u t i o n s , t w e n t y - s i x r e s p o n d e n ts (60.4%) i n d i c a t e d t h a t th ey c o n s id e r e d t h i s b e n e f i t v ery d e s i r a b l e . Only two re s p o n d e n ts (4.7%) i n d i c a te d t h a t th e y c o n s id e r e d t h i s b e n e f i t n o t n e c e s s a r y . When t h o s e who c o n s id e r e d t h i s b e n e f i t d e s i r a b l e and th o se who c o n s id e r e d i t v e ry d e s i r a b l e were com bined, th e p e r c e n ta g e r o s e t o 86 p e r c e n t w ith t h i r t y - s e v e n o u t o f f o r t y - t h r e e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s e x p r e s s i n g t h i s d e g re e o f d e s i r a b i l i t y . None o f th e members o f th e p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s , on th e o t h e r h an d , f e l t t h a t r e t i r e m e n t b e n e f i t s were n o t n e c e s s a r y o r o n ly m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e . Seven of th e e i g h t e x p e r t s (87.5%) i n d i c a t e d such would be v ery de s i r a b l e and th e o t h e r i n d i c a t e d such would be d e s i r a b l e . Thus, 100 p e r c e n t o f t h e in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s i n d i c a t e d t h a t r e t i r e m e n t b e n e f i t s w ould be e i t h e r d e s i r a b l e o r v ery de s i r a b l e as an a id i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . T a b u la r d a ta a re i n c l u d e d i n T able 5 8. L if e I n s u ra n c e C h ie f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f t h e B ib le c o l l e g e s su rv e y e d d i f f e r e d c o n s id e r a b ly i n t h e i r o p in io n c o n c e rn in g th e degree 146 o f d e s i r a b i l i t y t o them o f a l i f e in s u r a n c e program as an a id i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . Only 16.2 p e r c e n t o f re s p o n d e n ts c o n s id e r e d such a program v ery de s i r a b l e and on ly s l i g h t l y more th a n h a l f (51.1%) c o n s id e re d h a v in g such a program d e s i r a b l e o r v ery d e s i r a b l e . Ten o f th e f o r t y - t h r e e re s p o n d e n ts (23.3%) c o n s id e re d such a p r o gram n o t n e c e s s a r y , and e le v e n (25.6%) c o n s id e re d i t on ly m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e . The p a n e l o f e x p e r t s showed a marked d i f f e r e n c e in re sp o n se from th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s , w ith 6 2.5 p e r c e n t i n d i c a t i n g t h a t such a program w ould be very d e s i r a b l e . As shown in T able 58, 2 5 p e r c e n t i n d i c a t e d such a program would be d e s i r a b l e , 12.5 p e r c e n t f e l t i t would be moder a t e l y d e s i r a b l e , and none f e l t such a program n o t n e c e s s a r y . H e a lth In s u r a n c e A h ig h p e r c e n ta g e (76.7%) o f c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f th e B ib le c o l l e g e s s u rv e y e d c o n s id e r e d a h e a l t h i n s u r ance program f o r f a c u l t y v e ry d e s i r a b l e as an a id in th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y , a lth o u g h two (4.7%) c o n s id e re d such a program n o t n e c e s s a r y . One (2.3%) con s i d e r e d such a program m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e , and seven (16.3%) c o n s id e r e d i t d e s i r a b l e , as shown i n Table 5 8. S e v e n ty - f iv e p e r c e n t o f th e e x p e r t s i n d i c a t e d t h a t th e y c o n s id e r e d a h e a l t h i n s u r a n c e program f o r f a c u l t y v ery d e s i r a b l e as an a i d i n t h e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f 147 f a c u l t y , and 25 p e r c e n t c o n s id e r e d such a program d e s i r a b l e . None o f th e e x p e r t s , t h u s , i n d i c a t e d t h a t th e y c o n s id e r e d h e a l t h in s u r a n c e program s n o t n e c e s s a r y o r o n ly m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e . S a b b a t i c a l Leave Of th e f o r t y - t h r e e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s re sp o n d in g as t o t h e i r f e e l i n g ab o u t th e d e s i r a b i l i t y o f a s a b b a t i c a l le a v e w ith pay p o l i c y as an a i d i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y , f o u r te e n (32.6%) i n d i c a t e d th ey f e l t such a p o l i c y w ould be v e ry d e s i r a b l e . E ig h te e n (41.9%) f e l t i t would be d e s i r a b l e ; e i g h t (18.6%) f e l t i t w ould be m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e , and t h r e e (6.9%) f e l t such a program n o t n e c e s s a r y . The e x p e r t s were somewhat l e s s s u p p o r t i v e o f th e s a b b a t i c a l le a v e w ith pay p o l i c y as b e in g very d e s i r a b l e . As shown i n T able 58, on ly one re s p o n d e n t (12.5%) f e l t such a p ro g ram t o be v e ry d e s i r a b l e . The m a j o r i t y (62.5%) o f re s p o n d e n ts i n d i c a t e d such a program w ould be d e s i r a b l e , two (25%) f e l t i t would be m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e , b u t none o f th e e x p e r t s f e l t such a program t o be n o t n e c e s s a r y . N o n - S a b b a tic a l Leave o f Absence Few a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f B ib le c o l l e g e s c o n s id e r e d n o n - s a b b a t i c a l le a v e o f ab sen ce p r o v is i o n s v ery d e s i r a b l e t o them as an a id i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . Only t h r e e o u t o f f o r t y - t h r e e (7%) so i n d i c a t e d . 148 Over 44 p e r c e n t , how ever, d i d c o n s id e r such p r o v i s i o n de s i r a b l e , 2 7 .9 p e r c e n t c o n s id e r e d i t m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e , b u t e i g h t o f th e f o r t y - t h r e e (18.6%) c o n s id e re d i t n o t n e c e s s a r y . One re s p o n d e n t (2.3%) d id n o t answ er th e q u e s t i o n . A p p a re n tly some a m b ig u ity e x i s t e d in th e minds o f th e e x p e r t s as t o e x a c t l y w hat was in v o lv e d i n n o n - s a b b a t i c a l l e a v e s . Two (25%) d id n o t i n d i c a t e a l e v e l o f d e s i r a b i l i t y . The e x p e r t s were found t o be l e s s s u p p o r t i v e o f n o n - s a b b a t i c a l le a v e s as a d e s i r a b l e a i d in th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y th a n were B ib le c o l l e g e c h i e f ad m i n i s t r a t o r s inasm uch as a t o t a l o f f iv e (62.5%) i n d i c a t e d t h a t such p r o v i s i o n was e i t h e r n o t n e c e s s a r y (25%), o r only m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e (37.5% ). Twelve and o n e - h a l f p e r c e n t , h ow ever, d id c o n s id e r such p r o v i s i o n v ery d e s i r a b l e . S ic k Leave A m a j o r i t y o f (51.1%) B ib le c o lle g e a d m i n i s t r a t o r s c o n s id e r e d p r o v i s i o n f o r f a c u l t y s i c k le a v e d e s i r a b l e as an a id i n t h e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . F o u rte e n (32.6%) c o n s id e r e d such v e ry d e s i r a b l e , w h ile 11.6 p e r c e n t c o n s id e r e d such p r o v i s i o n o nly m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e , and 4.7 p e r c e n t c o n s id e re d su ch n o t n e c e s s a r y . The p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s were in c lo s e ag reem en t w ith t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s , w ith 50 p e r c e n t o f t h e e x p e r t s c o n s id e r i n g p r o v i s i o n f o r f a c u l t y s i c k le a v e 149 d e s i r a b l e as an a id i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y , and 3 7-5 p e r c e n t c o n s id e r i n g su ch p r o v i s i o n very d e s i r a b l e . None o f th e e x p e r t s , how ever, c o n s id e r e d such p r o v i s i o n n o t n e c e s s a r y , b u t 12.5 p e r c e n t c o n s id e re d such o n ly m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e . C om parative d a t a are r e p o r t e d in T able 58. P r o f e s s i o n a l T r a v e l A m a j o r i t y o f (55.8%) o f th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f B ib le c o l l e g e s c o n s id e re d expense p r o v i s i o n s f o r f a c u l t y p r o f e s s i o n a l t r a v e l d e s i r a b l e as an a i d i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . A nother 2 5 .6 p e r c e n t c o n s id e r e d such p r o v is i o n v ery d e s i r a b l e . A s m a l l e r p e r c e n ta g e (13.9%) c o n s id e r e d such p r o v i s i o n o n ly m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e , w h ile 4 .7 p e r c e n t c o n s id e re d such n o t n e c e s s a r y . None o f th e in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s c o n s id e r e d expense p r o v i s i o n s f o r f a c u l t y p r o f e s s i o n a l t r a v e l n o t n e c e s s a r y , o r o n ly m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e as an a i d i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . T w e n ty -fiv e p e r c e n t , how ever, d id n o t re sp o n d w ith an o p in io n . T hus, e x p r e s s e d o p in io n was e q u a l l y d iv i d e d w ith 37.5 p e r c e n t o f t h e e x p e r t s i n d i c a t i n g t h a t p r o v is i o n f o r t r a v e l expense was d e s i r a b l e , and a n o t h e r 37.5 p e r c e n t i n d i c a t i n g t h a t th e y c o n s id e r e d such v e ry d e s i r a b l e . F a c u lty Fam ily E d u c a tio n W hile t h e somewhat b r o a d range o f f a c u l t y fa m ily 150 e d u c a tio n program s p o t e n t i a l l y a v a i l a b l e have made p r e c i s e i n d i c a t i o n o f d e s i r a b i l i t y somewhat d i f f i c u l t on th e p a r t o f t h e re s p o n d e n t, 34.9 p e r c e n t o f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s i n d i c a t e d t h a t such p r o v is i o n would be v e ry d e s i r a b l e as an a id in th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . An a d d i t i o n a l 4 1.8 p e r c e n t o f c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s i n d i c a t e d t h a t such p r o v i s i o n would be c o n s id e re d d e s i r a b l e . As shown in T able 58, o n ly 9 .3 p e r c e n t c o n s id e r e d such p r o v i s i o n n o t n e c e s s a ry and 14 p e r c e n t f e l t t h a t a program o f t h i s k in d w ould be o n ly m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e . The in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s were e q u a l l y as s u p p o r tiv e o f f a c u l t y fam ily e d u c a tio n as an a id in th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y as w ere th e a d m i n i s t r a t o r s . An e q u a l number o f th e e x p e r t s (37.5%) i n d i c a t e d t h a t such p r o v i s i o n would be d e s i r a b l e o r v e ry d e s i r a b l e . Only one e x p e r t f e l t t h a t such p r o v i s i o n would be o n ly m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e . None o f th e e x p e r t s f e l t t h a t such would be n o t n e c e s s a r y . One (12.5%) d id n o t re sp o n d t o t h e q u e s t i o n . Personal Loans The p re p o n d e ra n c e o f o p in io n among c h i e f a d m in is t r a t o r s o f B ib le c o l l e g e s c o n c e rn in g t h e d e s i r a b i l i t y o f p r o v i s i o n f o r p e r s o n a l lo a n s t o f a c u l t y as an a i d in th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y was t h a t such was e i t h e r n o t n e c e s s a r y (48.8%) o r o n ly m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e (25.6%). None o f th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s c o n s id e re d such 151 p r o v i s i o n very d e s i r a b l e , how ever, te n (2 3.3%) d id c o n s id e r such d e s i r a b l e . One c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r d id n o t resp o n d t o t h e q u e s t i o n . The e x p e r t s were found t o be even l e s s s u p p o r tiv e o f t h e p r o v i s i o n f o r p e r s o n a l lo a n s t o f a c u l t y as a d e s i r a b le a i d in t h e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y than were t h e a d m i n i s t r a t o r s . As shown in Table 58, a t o t a l o f 87.5 p e r c e n t o f t h e in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s c o n s id e r e d such p r o v i s i o n e i t h e r n o t n e c e s s a r y (37.5%) o r o n ly m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e (50%). None o f th e e x p e r t s c o n s id e r e d t h i s p ro v i s i o n e i t h e r d e s i r a b l e o r very d e s i r a b l e . One (12.5%) d id n o t re sp o n d t o t h e q u e s t i o n . M ortgage Loans Very few (11.6%) c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f B ib le c o l le g e s c o n s id e r e d m ortgage loan p r o v i s i o n s f o r f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y d e s i r a b l e o r v ery d e s i r a b l e as an a id i n th e r e c r u i tm e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . The m a j o r i t y o f admin i s t r a t o r s (67.4%) c o n s id e r e d such p r o v i s i o n n o t n e c e s s a r y and on ly 18.6 p e r c e n t c o n s id e r e d such p r o v i s i o n m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e . One c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r (2.3%) d id n o t resp o n d t o t h e q u e s t i o n . The in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s were more s u p p o r t i v e o f m ortgage lo a n s f o r f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y as an a id i n th e r e c r u itm e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y th a n were th e a d m in is t r a t o r s . T w e n ty -fiv e p e r c e n t o f th e in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s 152 c o n s id e r e d such p r o v i s i o n e i t h e r d e s i r a b l e o r very d e s i r a b l e . A n o th er 25 p e r c e n t c o n s id e r e d such p r o v i s i o n moder a t e l y d e s i r a b l e , b u t 50 p e r c e n t c o n s id e re d t h e p r o v is i o n n o t n e c e s s a r y . C om parative d a t a a re shown i n Table 5 8. P u r c h a s in g Through th e I n s t i t u t i o n Only one (2.3%) o f t h e f o r t y - t h r e e c h i e f a d m in is t r a t o r s re s p o n d in g c o n s id e re d t h i s b e n e f i t v ery d e s i r a b l e as an a i d in t h e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . However, t h i r t e e n (30.2%) c o n s id e r e d such d e s i r a b l e . S ix te e n c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s (37.2%) c o n s id e r e d t h i s b e n e f i t as only m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e , and tw e lv e (27.9%) c o n s id e r e d i t n o t n e c e s s a r y . One re s p o n d e n t (2.3%) d id n o t answ er th e q u e s t i o n . C om parative d a t a in T a b le 5 8 r e v e a l t h a t th e in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s were even l e s s s u p p o r t i v e o f p r o v is i o n s f o r f a c u l t y p u r c h a s in g th ro u g h th e i n s t i t u t i o n a t red u ced p r i c e s as an a i d t o t h e r e c r u i t i n g and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y th a n w ere th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s . None o f th e in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s c o n s id e r e d such p r o v i s i o n very d e s i r a b l e , and o n ly one (12.5%) c o n s id e r e d su ch d e s i r a b l e . Three (37.5%) c o n s id e r e d th e p r o v i s i o n o nly m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e w h ile 50 p e r c e n t o f th e e x p e r t s c o n s id e r e d such n o t n e c e s s a r y . Moving Expense A s s i s ta n c e C h ie f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f B ib le c o l l e g e s were found t o be s u p p o r t i v e o f moving e x p en se a s s i s t a n c e f o r f u l l - t i m e 153 f a c u l t y as an a i d t o t h e r e c r u i t m e n t o f f a c u l t y . None con s i d e r e d such p r o v i s i o n n o t n e c e s s a r y . Over h a l f (55.8%) i n d i c a t e d such program w ould be v ery d e s i r a b l e and an a d d i t i o n a l 39.5 p e r c e n t c o n s id e r e d such d e s i r a b l e . Two (4.7%) c o n s id e re d such as o n ly m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e . There was s t r o n g agreem ent betw een th e p a n e l o f i n d ep en d en t e x p e r t s and th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s r e l a t i v e t o th e d e s i r a b i l i t y o f f a c u l t y moving expense a s s i s t a n c e as an a id i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t o f f a c u l t y . None o f th e in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s c o n s id e r e d moving ex p en se a s s i s t a n c e n o t n e c e s s a r y . F i f t y p e r c e n t c o n s id e r e d su ch p r o v i s i o n very d e s i r a b l e and a n o th e r 37.5 p e r c e n t c o n s id e r e d i t d e s i r a b l e . Only 12.5 p e r c e n t c o n s id e r e d such b u t m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e . Housing Provision Very few (7%) c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f B ib le c o l le g e s i n d i c a t e d t h a t a f a c u l t y h o u s in g program i n which th e c o l l e g e owns and r e n t s h o u s in g t o f a c u l t y , f r e e , a t , o r below th e m a rk e t; o r where th e i n s t i t u t i o n m a in ta in s an o f f i c e which a i d s f a c u l t y i n l o c a t i n g h o u s in g , would be a v ery d e s i r a b l e a i d t o them i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . As shown i n T a b le 58, o n ly 20.9 p e r c e n t o f th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s c o n s id e r e d t h i s b e n e f i t as d e s i r a b l e . The g r e a t m a j o r i t y (72.1%) c o n s id e r e d t h i s b e n e f i t as e i t h e r o n ly m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e (32.6%) o r as n o t n e c e s s a r y (39.5%). 154 None o f t h e in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s c o n s id e r e d i n s t i t u t i o n a l l y owned h o u s in g p r o v i s i o n s o r a s s i s t a n c e as a very d e s i r a b l e b e n e f i t i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . T w e n ty -fiv e p e r c e n t o f th e in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s d id c o n s i d e r such pro g ram as d e s i r a b l e . S e v e n ty - f iv e p e r c e n t c o n s id e r e d su ch p r o v i s i o n as e i t h e r on ly m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b le (12.5%) o r as n o t n e c e s s a r y (52.5% ). P r i v a t e F a c u lty O f f i c e s C h ie f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f B ib le c o l l e g e s were v ery s u p p o r t i v e o f p r i v a t e f a c u l t y o f f i c e s as an a id i n t h e r e c r u i tm e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . Only one a d m i n i s t r a t o r (2.3%) c o n s id e r e d such b e n e f i t n o t n e c e s s a r y . A s m a ll p e r c e n ta g e (11.6%) c o n s id e r e d such m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e , b u t th e g r e a t m a j o r i t y (86%) c o n s id e r e d such b e n e f i t as e i t h e r d e s i r a b l e (41.8%) o r v ery d e s i r a b l e (44.2%) as shown in T a b le 5 8. The in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s w ere even more s u p p o r tiv e o f p r i v a t e f a c u l t y o f f i c e s as an a i d i n t h e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y th a n were t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s of t h e i n s t i t u t i o n s i n th e s tu d y . None o f t h e in d e p e n d e n t ex p e r t s f e l t t h a t such was n o t n e c e s s a r y o r on ly m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e . One h u n d red p e r c e n t o f t h e e x p e r t s f e l t t h a t such b e n e f i t w ould be e i t h e r d e s i r a b l e (25%) o r v ery d e s i r a b le (75%) . S e c r e t a r i a l A s s i s ta n c e When asked t o e v a l u a t e how d e s i r a b l e s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e t o f a c u l t y would be i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y , 34.9 p e r c e n t o f c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s in B ib le c o l l e g e s i n d i c a t e d t h a t such p r o v i s i o n would be very d e s i r a b l e . As shown in T a b le 58, an a d d i t i o n a l 41.8 p e r c e n t c o n s id e r e d th e p r o v i s i o n d e s i r a b l e . Only 2 .3 p e r c e n t c o n s id e r e d t h e p r o v i s i o n n o t n e c e s s a r y , and 20.9 p e r c e n t c o n s id e r e d i t only m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e . None o f th e in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s c o n s id e r e d s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e f o r f a c u l t y n o t n e c e s s a r y o r o n ly moder a t e l y d e s i r a b l e as an a id i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . The m a j o r i t y (62.5%) c o n s id e r e d t h i s p r o v is i o n d e s i r a b l e and an a d d i t i o n a l 3 7.5 p e r c e n t c o n s id e r e d i t v ery d e s i r a b l e . Comments o f th e C h ie f A d m in is tr a to r s An open ended ite m a t th e end o f t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e i n v i t e d t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f t h e . i n s t i t u t i o n s in th e s tu d y to comment on w h at th e y f e l t t h e v a lu e o f f r i n g e ben e f i t s t o be in B ib le c o l l e g e s . T h i r t y - t h r e e o f t h e f o r t y - t h r e e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s (76.7%) r e t u r n i n g th e q u e s t i o n n a i r e made w r i t t e n comment. Comments were g e n e r a l l y s u p p o r t i v e b u t ra n g ed w id ely i n c o n t e n t . F orem ost among t h e s e was th e comment t h a t f r i n g e b e n e f i t s were need ed as a su p p lem en t t o s a l a r y in 15 6 view o f t h e r a t h e r d e p r e s s e d s a l a r y s c h e d u le s p r e v a i l i n g i n B ib le c o l l e g e s . One a d m i n i s t r a t o r r e f l e c t i n g t h i s a t t i t u d e commented: "F rin g e b e n e f i t s e n a b le a s c h o o l to make a more a t t r a c t i v e o f f e r t o a p r o s p e c t i v e f a c u l t y member. They a re som etim es more o f an i n c e n t i v e th a n r e g u l a r s a l a r y . " A n o th e r s a i d , "They [ f r in g e b e n e f i t s ] a re n e c e s s a r y , p a r t i c u l a r l y where s a l a r i e s a re somewhat lo w er th a n th ey s h o u ld b e . " Expanding on t h i s same i d e a , a n o th e r a d m i n i s t r a t o r f e l t t h a t , In an age when f r i n g e b e n e f i t s a re g e n e r a l l y a c c e p te d in t h e l a b o r , b u s i n e s s , and p r o f e s s i o n a l w o r ld s , th e B i b l e c o l l e g e must p r o v id e a m easure o f th e same o r fa c e d i s s a t i s f a c t i o n on th e p a r t o f th e f a c u l t y . M oreover, i t i s one way o f conveying a p p r e c i a t i o n f o r f a c u l t y by i n s t i t u t i o n s t h a t a r e n o t g e n e r a l l y a b le t o pay s a l a r i e s t h a t compete w ith th o s e p r o v id e d by p u b l i c o r l a r g e p r i v a t e i n s t i t u t i o n s . A l l comments, how ever, were n o t as s u p p o r t i v e : D e s i r a b l e , b u t n o t n e c e s s a r y , in most c a s e s . Some a re l e g a l r e q u ire m e n ts t h a t i f th e c h o ic e were l e f t to th e c o l l e g e 's a d m i n i s t r a t i o n th e y p ro b a b ly would n o t be in e f f e c t , e . g . , S o c i a l S e c u r i ty t a x , w orkm en's compen s a t i o n paym ent. As an a id in th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y , one a d m i n i s t r a t o r e x p r e s s e d th e o p in io n t h a t , "These h e l p i n s u r e r e c r u i t m e n t o f w e l l q u a l i f i e d f a c u l t y and r e duce r e s i g n a t i o n s o f f a c u l t y to j o i n o t h e r c o l l e g e p r o f e s s i o n a l s t a f f s . " W ith an eye t o th e o v e r a l l f i n a n c i a l s t a n c e o f th e f a c u l t y member, one a d m i n i s t r a t o r e x p r e s s e d th e view t h a t , 157 F rin g e b e n e f i t s te n d t o g iv e a d d i t i o n a l f i n a n c i a l h e lp w i t h o u t i n c r e a s i n g th e a p p a r e n t s a l a r y s c h e d u le . Such b e n e f i t s a r e o f a c t u a l cash v a lu e t o th e r e c i p i e n t w i t h o u t i n c r e a s i n g h i s o r h e r t a x b u rd e n . Summary T h is c h a p t e r r e p o r t e d th e f in d i n g s from th e q u e s t i o n n a i r e in w hich c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f B ib le c o l l e g e s and a p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s i n d i c a t e d t h e i r o p in io n as t o t h e d e s i r a b i l i t y o f v a r io u s s e l e c t e d f r i n g e b e n e f i t s as an a i d to them in t h e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . The s c a l e ra n g ed in c h o ic e l e v e l from " n o t n e c e s s a r y / 1 th ro u g h " m o d e ra te ly d e s i r a b l e , " " d e s i r a b l e , " to "v ery d e s i r a b l e . " The fre q u e n c y o f c h o ic e f o r each group was c o n v e rte d i n t o p e r c e n ta g e s so as t o f a c i l i t a t e com pari so n . Summary d a t a f o r t h i s c h a p t e r were r e p o r t e d i n T able 58. W r itte n comments by th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s r e l a t i v e to t h e i r f e e l i n g o f th e im p o rta n c e o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s in B ib le c o l l e g e s were r e p o r t e d . These comments w ere, on t h e w h o le, very s u p p o r t i v e o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s , b u t s e v e r a l l e s s s u p p o r tiv e comments w ere a ls o found. CHAPTER VI DISCUSSION OF THE FINDINGS The p u rp o se o f t h i s c h a p t e r was t o p ro c e e d from th e r e p o r t i n g o f th e f i n d i n g s o f th e s tu d y in v e r b a l and ta b u l a r form i n C h a p te rs I I I and IV, t o a d i s c u s s i o n and a n a ly s i s o f th e f i n d i n g s . F o r t h i s p u r p o s e , b o th t a b u l a r and s t a t i s t i c a l te c h n iq u e s were em ployed. Rank O rd er o f F r in g e B e n e f i t s I t was found t h a t a l l o f t h e s e l e c t e d f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n v e s t i g a t e d i n t h i s s tu d y e x i s t e d among th e i n s t i t u t i o n s i n v e s t i g a t e d . One o f t h e b e n e f i t s e x i s t e d in a l l o f t h e i n s t i t u t i o n s , b u t no s i n g l e i n s t i t u t i o n c o n ta in e d a l l o f t h e s e l e c t e d f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n c l u d e d i n t h i s s tu d y . Of th e f i f t e e n s e l e c t e d f r i n g e b e n e f i t s , th e l a r g e s t number found in any one i n s t i t u t i o n was f o u r t e e n . T able 59 g iv e s a r a n k in g o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n th e o r d e r o f th e fre q u e n c y w ith w hich t h e y were found t o e x i s t i n B ib le c o l l e g e s . F a c u l t y p r o f e s s i o n a l t r a v e l re im b u rs e ment was found m ost f r e q u e n t l y and e x i s t e d i n a l l i n s t i t u t i o n s i n v e s t i g a t e d . The e x i s t e n c e o f p r o v i s i o n s f o r m o rt gage lo a n s t o f a c u l t y was found to be l e a s t f r e q u e n t , w ith o n ly f i v e (11.6%) i n s t i t u t i o n s p r o v id i n g t h i s b e n e f i t . 15 8 159 TABLE 59 P re v a le n c e by Rank O rder o f F i f t e e n S e l e c t e d F rin g e B e n e f i t s f o r F u ll-T im e F a c u l t y in B ib le C o lle g e s P re v a le n c e o f B e n e f i t F r in g e B e n e f i t A rea Number o f I n s t i t u t i o n s Having B e n e f i t P e rc e n ta g e o f I n s t i t u t i o n s Having B e n e f i t P r o f e s s i o n a l T r a v e l Expense Reim bursem ent 43 1 0 0 .0 H e a lth I n s u ra n c e 42 9 7 .6 Moving Expense A s s i s ta n c e 41 9 5 .3 F a c u l t y F am ily Ed u c a t i o n 39 90.7 P r i v a t e F a c u l t y O f f ic e s 37 8 6 .0 S e c r e t a r i a l A s s is ta n c e 37 8 6 .0 S ic k Leave 37 8 6 .0 N o n -S a b b a tic a l Leave 34 79.0 R e tire m e n t 33 76.7 P u rc h a se Through I n s t i t u t i o n 31 72.1 S a b b a t i c a l Leave 30 69.8 L i f e I n s u ra n c e 26 6 0 .0 F a c u l t y Housing 22 51.2 P e r s o n a l Loans 18 4 1 .9 M ortgage Loans 5 1 1 .6 160 I n c id e n c e o f F rin g e B e n e f its j-n B ib le C o lle g e s I t was found t h a t no s i n g l e B ib le c o lle g e had i n s t i t u t e d a l l o f th e f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n v e s t i g a t e d in t h i s s tu d y . As shown i n T able 60, one i n s t i t u t i o n d id r e p o r t h a v in g f o u r te e n o u t o f t h e f i f t e e n (93.3%) b e n e f i t s . The most f r e q u e n t number o f b e n e f i t s found was t h i r t e e n , w ith te n (23.3%) i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t i n g t h a t number. The s m a ll e s t number o f b e n e f i t s found in any i n s t i t u t i o n was e i g h t (5 3.3%) w ith f o u r i n s t i t u t i o n s (9.3%) r e p o r t i n g t h a t number. The mean number o f b e n e f i t s found was 1 1 .1 . P e r c e iv e d Im p o rtan ce o f F rin g e B e n e f its A co m parison o f t h e o p in io n s o f c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f th e B ib le c o l l e g e s in th e s tu d y , and th e p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s was made. T h is com parison co n cern ed i t s e l f w ith t h e d e g re e o f d e s i r a b i l i t y e x p r e s s e d by e ach o f th o s e two g roups w ith r e f e r e n c e t o th e v a r io u s b e n e f i t s as a p e r c e iv e d a i d to them in t h e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y . F or t h i s p u rp o s e , t h e f o u r - c h o ic e s c a l e was s e p a r a t e d i n t o two c h o ic e c a t e g o r i e s : on th e one hand th e c h o ic e s r e p r e s e n t e d t h e r e s p o n d e n t 's e x p r e s s io n o f r e j e c t i o n ("n o t n e c e s s a r y " ) o r o f o n ly m ild a c c e p ta n c e ("mod e r a t e l y d e s i r a b l e " ) o f th e f r i n g e b e n e f i t i n q u e s t i o n . On t h e o t h e r hand th e c o m b in a tio n o f th e two p o s i t i v e i n d i c e s " d e s i r a b l e " o r "v e ry d e s i r a b l e " was i n t e r p r e t e d t o i n d i c a t e p o s i t i v e a c c e p ta n c e by th e re s p o n d e n t o f th e f r i n g e b e n e f i t 161 TABLE 60 Incidence in Bible colleges of Fifteen Selected Fringe Benefits The Number o f B e n e f i t s I n s t i t u t e d Number o f I n s t i t u t i o n s Having Benefits P e rc e n ta g e o f I n s t i t u t i o n s Having B e n e f its 15 0 0 .0 14 1 2 .3 13 10 23 .3 12 8 1 8.6 11 1 16.3 10 8 18.6 9 5 1 1 .6 8 4 9 .3 43 1 0 0 .0 Mean = 1 1 .1 b e n e f i t s 162 in q u e s ti o n as an a i d i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . To a s c e r t a i n t h e s i g n i f i c a n c e o f t h e d i f f e r e n c e o f e x p r e s s e d o p in io n b e tw e e n th e group o f c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s and t h e p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s r e l a t i v e t o th e d eg re e o f d e s i r a b i l i t y a s c r i b e d by each t o f r i n g e b e n e f i t s as a p e r c e i v e d a i d i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y , th e t e s t o f t h e d i f f e r e n c e betw een two p e r c e n t a g e s f o r un c o r r e l a t e d d a t a was u se d as d e s c r i b e d by Downie and Heath (1 0 :1 8 9 ). The p r e c a u t i o n s o u t l i n e d by th e a u th o r s p e r t a i n i n g t o c o r r e c t i o n s o f t h e fo rm u la where th e numbers a r e sm a ll and t h e p r o p o r t i o n s e x tr e m e , were fo llo w e d . The fo rm u la , t h u s , a p p l i e d to th e d a ta in each o f th e f r i n g e b e n e f i t a r e a s a f f o r d e d a com parison o f th e o p i n io n s o f th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s v e r s u s t h a t o f t h e i n d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s r e l a t i v e t o th e a c t u a l v a lu e o f t h e e x i s t in g f r i n g e b e n e f i t s as a p e r c e i v e d a i d i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y . Thus, t h e s tu d y made i n q u i r y i n t o b o th t h e s t a t u s o f t h e s e l e c t e d f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n B ib le c o l l e g e s as w e ll as an a s se ssm e n t o f t h e f e e l i n g o f im p o rta n c e a s c r i b e d t o th o s e b e n e f i t s by th e v a r io u s c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n s i n com parison w ith th o s e o f a p a n e l o f i n d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s . By a p p ly in g th e above s t a t i s t i c a l fo rm u la, th e d i f f e r e n c e o f o p i n i o n , i f a n y , betw een th e two groups 163 in t h e s tu d y c o u ld be a s s e s s e d w ith some m easure o f c o n f i d en ce. The n u l l h y p o th e s is was n o t f o rm u la te d s in c e th e o b j e c t i v e o f t h i s a s p e c t of th e r e s e a r c h was one o f a com p a r i s o n o f e x p r e s s io n s o f p e r c e i v e d d e s i r a b i l i t y w ith some measure o f c o n f id e n c e , r a t h e r th a n a m easure o f d i f f e r e n c e p e r s e , to w ard th e r e j e c t i o n o r n o n - r e j e c t i o n o f an h y p o th e s i s . The fo llo w in g p a ra g ra p h s d i s c u s s th e v a r io u s f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n th e o r d e r o f th e fre q u e n c y w ith which th ey are found t o e x i s t as r e f l e c t e d i n T able 59. P r o f e s s i o n a l t r a v e l re im b u rse m e n t. — T h is b e n e f i t was found i n a l l o f t h e B ib le c o l l e g e s in t h e s tu d y . T his 100 p e r c e n t in c id e n c e i s s u p p o rte d by th e e x p e r t s who gave a 100 p e r c e n t p o s i t i v e re sp o n s e t o p r o f e s s i o n a l t r a v e l r e im bursem ent p r o v i s i o n s as a p e r c e i v e d a id t o them in th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . On t h e o t h e r h an d , 81.4 p e r c e n t o f th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s gave a p o s i t i v e re s p o n s e t o t h i s b e n e f i t . Thus p r a c t i c e ex c e e d e d p e r c e i v e d d e s i r a b i l i t y i n alm o st 20 p e r c e n t o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n s i n t h e s tu d y . S t a t i s t i c a l l y com puted, t h e p e r c e n ta g e d i f f e r en ce betw een t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s and t h e e x p e r t s r e s u l t e d i n a z s c o re o f .6 3 , which e q u a te d t o a p r o b a b i l i t y o f o n ly .2 7. Thus, s t a t i s t i c a l l y , th e d i f f e r e n c e i n p e r c e iv e d d e s i r a b i l i t y betw een t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s and t h a t o f t h e e x p e r t s w ith r e f e r e n c e t o th e b e n e f i t i n q u e s - 164 t i o n i s n o t a s i g n i f i c a n t one a t th e .05 l e v e l . H e a lth i n s u r a n c e . — P r o v is i o n f o r h e a l t h in s u r a n c e f o r f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y was found i n 9 7.6 p e r c e n t o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n s in th e s tu d y . One h u n d red p e r c e n t o f th e e x p e r t s gave a p o s i t i v e re sp o n s e to h e a l t h in s u r a n c e p r o v i s io n s as a p e r c e i v e d a i d in th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . N i n e t y - t h r e e p e r c e n t of c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s e x p r e s s e d a p o s i t i v e a t t i t u d e to w ard h e a l t h in s u r a n c e p r o v i s i o n s . S t a t i s t i c a l l y , t h e r e was no d i f f e r e n c e in th e e x p r e s s e d a t t i t u d e s o f th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s and t h e p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s as t o th e d e s i r a b i l i t y o f h e a l t h in s u r a n c e p r o v i s i o n as an a id i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . Moving ex p en se a s s i s t a n c e . — The p e r c e n ta g e o f i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t i n g th e e x i s t e n c e o f moving expense a s s i s ta n c e (95.3%) was e x a c t l y e q u a l to th e p e r c e n ta g e o f c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s (95.3%) who gave a p o s i t i v e re sp o n s e t o t h i s b e n e f i t as a p e r c e i v e d a i d t o them i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . The p a n e l o f e x p e r t s were i n e s s e n t i a l agreem ent w ith th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s w ith 87.5 p e r c e n t g iv in g a p o s i t i v e r e s p o n s e . S t a t i s t i c a l com parison betw een th e p e r c e n ta g e o f c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s re sp o n d in g p o s i t i v e l y and th e p e r c e n ta g e o f th e e x p e r t s re sp o n d in g p o s i t i v e l y r e s u l t e d in a z s c o r e o f o n ly .04 which i n d i c a t e s a p r o b a b i l i t y l e v e l o f .49 o r v i r t u a l l y z ero d i f f e r e n c e . 165 F a c u lty fa m ily e d u c a t i o n . — The e x i s t e n c e o f th e p r o v i s i o n f o r f a c u l t y fa m ily e d u c a tio n in B ib le c o l l e g e s (9 0 .7 5 ) , ex ceed ed t h e l e v e l o f d e s i r a b i l i t y f o r th e b e n e f i t e x p r e s s e d by b o th t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s (76.7%) and th e e x p e r t s (85.7% ). The e x p e r t s , how ever, a s c r i b e d a s l i g h t l y g r e a t e r d e g re e o f d e s i r a b i l i t y t o t h i s b e n e f i t th a n d id th e a d m i n i s t r a t o r s . S t a t i s t i c a l l y , t h i s d i f f e r e n c e computed to a z s c o r e o f only .1 1 , w hich e q u a te d t o a p r o b a b i l i t y o f .4 6 , o r no s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e . P r i v a t e f a c u l t y o f f i c e s . — The d e g re e o f d e s i r a b i l i t y a s c r i b e d t o t h i s b e n e f i t by t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s (86%) was e x a c t l y e q u a l t o t h e d e g re e t o w hich i t was found t o e x i s t i n B ib le c o l l e g e s . One h u n d re d p e r c e n t o f th e p a n e l o f e x p e r t s , how ever, a s c r i b e d a h ig h d eg re e o f d e s i r a b i l i t y t o t h i s b e n e f i t as an a i d i n t h e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . A com parison o f th e p e r c e n ta g e o f c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s e x p r e s s i n g a h ig h d e g re e o f d e s i r a b i l i t y w ith t h a t e x p r e s s e d by th e p a n e l o f e x p e r t s , r e s u l t e d in a z s c o r e o f .5 3 , w hich e q u a te d w ith a p r o b a b i l i t y o f .3 0 , i n d i c a t i n g no s i g n i f i c a n c e . S e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e . — The p r e v a le n c e o f s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e f o r f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y i n B ib le c o l l e g e s (86%), e x c e e d e d th e d eg re e t o which th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s i n d i c a t e d a s t r o n g d e s i r a b i l i t y f o r t h e same (76.7% ). 166 The e x p e r t s , how ever, a l l a s c r i b e d a h ig h d eg ree o f d e s i r a b i l i t y t o t h i s b e n e f i t w ith 100 p e r c e n t i n d i c a t i n g t h a t such w ould be d e s i r a b l e o r v ery d e s i r a b l e to them as an a id i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y . A com parison o f th e p e r c e n ta g e o f c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s ex p r e s s i n g a h ig h d eg re e o f d e s i r a b i l i t y w ith t h a t o f th e p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s r e s u l t e d in a z s c o re o f 1.0 3 . T his computed t o a p r o b a b i l i t y o f .1 6 . This d i f f e r e n c e , though g r e a t e r th a n some o f th e o t h e r f r in g e b e n e f i t a r e a s , s t i l l was n o t g r e a t enough t o be s t a t i s t i c a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t . S ick l e a v e . — The p e r c e n ta g e o f re s p o n s e s i n d i c a t i n g a p o s i t i v e a t t i t u d e to w ard s i c k le a v e p r o v i s i o n as a d e s i r a b le a id i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y was rem ark ab ly s i m i l a r among c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s (83.7%) and th e in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s (87.5% ). F u r t h e r , t h i s re sp o n se very a c c u r a t e l y r e f l e c t e d th e d eg re e (88.1%) t o which t h i s b e n e f i t had been p r o v id e d among t h e i n s t i t u t i o n s i n th e s tu d y . N o n - s a b b a t i c a l l e a v e . — C o n s id e ra b le d i f f e r e n c e was found t o e x i s t betw een t h e d e g re e o f d e s i r a b i l i t y e x p r e s s e d by th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s (52.4%) and by th e p a n e l o f i n d ep en d en t e x p e r t s (16.7%) w ith r e f e r e n c e t o n o n - s a b b a t i c a l le a v e p r o v i s i o n s b e in g an a i d t o them in th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . T h is d i f f e r e n c e computed t o a z sc o re o f 1 .3 6 , w ith a c o n c o m ita n t p r o b a b i l i t y o f .0 8, and 167 th u s n o t s i g n i f i c a n t a t th e .05 l e v e l . The e x i s t e n c e o f t h i s b e n e f i t (79%) i n th e i n s t i t u t i o n s i n t h e s t u d y , how e v e r , was found t o be c o n s id e r a b ly ahead o f b o th th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s and th e e x p e r ts * e x p r e s s io n o f d e s i r a b i l i t y o f su c h b e n e f i t . R e tir e m e n t. — P r o v is i o n f o r r e t i r e m e n t p la n s f o r f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y i n B ib le c o l l e g e s (76.7%) la g g e d b e h in d th e e x p r e s s e d d e s i r a b i l i t y (86%) o f such p r o v i s i o n among c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s . The in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s gave 100 p e r c e n t s u p p o r t to t h i s p r o v i s i o n as a d e s i r a b l e a i d t o them i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . Compari son o f t h e p e r c e n t a g e o f c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s who i n d i c a t e d t h a t r e t i r e m e n t p r o v i s i o n f o r f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y would be a p o s i t i v e a id t o them in th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y , w ith th e p e r c e n ta g e o f th e p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s y i e l d e d a z s c o re o f .5 2 . T h is s c o r e was e q u iv a l e n t t o a p r o b a b i l i t y o f .3 1 , w hich was n o t s u f f i c i e n t t o i n d i c a t e a s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e of e x p r e s s e d d e s i r a b i l i t y tow ard t h i s b e n e f i t . P u rc h a se th ro u g h i n s t i t u t i o n . — The p r o v i s i o n f o r f a c u l t y p u rc h a s e th ro u g h t h e i n s t i t u t i o n a t re d u c e d c o s t was q u i t e p r e v a l e n t (72.1%) in B ib le c o l l e g e s . However, only 3 3 .3 p e r c e n t o f c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s i n B ib le c o l l e g e s i n d i c a t e d t h a t t h i s p r o v i s i o n w ould be a p o s i t i v e a i d t o them i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . The p a n e l 168 o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s w ere even l e s s s u p p o r t i v e o f t h i s p r o v i s i o n as a p e r c e i v e d a i d t o them w ith o n ly 1 2.5 p e r c e n t so i n d i c a t i n g . Comparing th e p e r c e n ta g e o f c h i e f a d m in is t r a t o r s who e x p r e s s e d a p o s i t i v e o p in io n w ith th e p e r c e n t age o f th e p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s who e x p r e s s e d th e same o p i n i o n , y i e l d e d a z s c o r e o f .7 5 , o r a p r o b a b i l i t y o f .2 3 . T h is d i d n o t i n d i c a t e a s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e o f o p in io n betw een th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s and th e in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s . S a b b a t i c a l l e a v e . — As w ith s i c k l e a v e , th e p e r c e n t age o f re s p o n s e s i n d i c a t i n g a p o s i t i v e a t t i t u d e tow ard non s a b b a t i c a l le a v e p r o v i s i o n as a d e s i r a b l e a id in th e r e c r u itm e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y was rem ark ab ly s i m i l a r among c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s (74.5%) and th e in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s (75%). These r e s p o n s e s a l s o v e ry a c c u r a t e l y r e f l e c t t h e d e g re e (71.4%) t o which t h i s b e n e f i t has been p r o v id e d among th e i n s t i t u t i o n s i n th e s tu d y . L i f e i n s u r a n c e . — The g r e a t e s t d iv e rg e n c e betw een th e o p in io n s e x p r e s s e d by t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s and th o s e e x p r e s s e d by th e in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s was i n r e l a t i o n s h ip t o th e d e s i r a b i l i t y o f l i f e i n s u r a n c e p r o v i s i o n as a p o s i t i v e a i d in th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y . S l i g h t l y o v e r h a l f (51.1%) o f th e c h i e f a d m in is t r a t o r s , b u t 87.5 p e r c e n t o f th e in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s i n d i 169 c a t e d t h a t l i f e in s u r a n c e p r o v is i o n f o r f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y was c o n s id e r e d by them as a p o s i t i v e a i d in th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . A com parison o f th e p e r c e n t a g e s o f th e two groups r e s u l t e d in a z s c o re o f 1 .5 2 , w ith a p r o b a b i l i t y o f .0 7 ; w h ile t h i s s c o re was h i g h e r th a n any o f th e o t h e r s , i t was s t i l l n o t g r e a t enough t o i n d i c a t e a s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e a t th e ,05 l e v e l . P r o v is io n f o r l i f e i n s u r a n c e was found i n 60 p e r c e n t o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n s i n t h e sam ple and, t h u s , p r a c t i c e was found t o be g r e a t e r th a n p r e f e r e n c e . F a c u lty h o u s in g . — The e x p r e s s e d d e s i r a b i l i t y o f f a c u l t y h o u s in g p r o v i s i o n s as a p o s i t i v e a id i n th e r e c r u i tm e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y , was re m ark ab ly s i m i l a r betw een th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s (2 7.9%) and t h e in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s (25%). S t a t i s t i c a l l y , t h i s amounted t o no d i f f e r e n c e . P r a c t i c e among th e i n s t i t u t i o n s i n t h e s tu d y was g r e a t e r th a n e x p r e s s e d d e s i r a b i l i t y , w ith 51.2 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s h a v in g i n s t i t u t e d h o u s in g p r o v i s i o n s f o r f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y . P e r s o n a l l o a n s . — None o f th e in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s e x p r e s s e d th e o p in io n t h a t p r o v i s i o n f o r p e r s o n a l lo a n s t o f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y w ould be a p o s i t i v e a id t o them i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y . However, 2 3 .8 p e r c e n t o f t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s i n d i c a t e d t h a t such w ould be a p o s i t i v e a id . T his d i f f e r e n c e y i e l d e d a z 170 s c o re o f .4 2 , w ith a p r o b a b i l i t y o f .3 4 , which was n o t s t a t i s t i c a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t . This p r o v is i o n was found t o e x i s t , how ever, i n 41.9 p e r c e n t o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n s i n t h e s tu d y . M ortgage l o a n s . — Very few (11.9%) c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s r e g a rd e d m ortgage lo a n p r o v is i o n s f o r f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y as a p o s i t i v e a i d in th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . This c l o s e l y p a r a l l e l e d e x i s t i n g p r a c t i c e in t h a t only 1 1.6 p e r c e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n s r e p o r t e d t h i s p r o v is i o n in e x i s t e n c e . The in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s were somewhat more s u p p o r t i v e o f t h i s p r o v i s i o n w ith 25 p e r c e n t o f them i n d i c a t i n g t h a t t h i s p r a c t i c e w ould be a p o s i t i v e a i d i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y . A com pari son o f t h e p e r c e n ta g e (11.9%) o f c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s sup p o r t i n g t h i s p r o v i s i o n w ith t h a t of t h e in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s (25%), y i e l d e d a z s c o re o f .42 w ith a p r o b a b i l i t y o f .3 4 , which was n o t s t a t i s t i c a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t . I m p l i c a t i o n s o f th e F in d in g s These f in d i n g s s u g g e s t t h a t t h e r e i s a h ig h d eg ree o f s i m i l a r i t y betw een th e a t t i t u d e s o f th e c h i e f a d m in is t r a t o r s o f B ib le c o l l e g e s and th o se o f a p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s r e l a t i v e t o th e d e s i r a b i l i t y o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s as an a i d i n t h e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f a c u l t y . The f in d in g s a l s o s u g g e s t t h a t t o a l a r g e e x t e n t f r i n g e b e n e f i t s have been im plem ented in B ib le c o l l e g e s b u t t h a t th e d eg re e o f im p le m e n ta tio n betw een i n s t i t u t i o n s v a r i e s con- 171 s i d e r a b l y . This same v a r i a t i o n a l s o e x i s t s betw een b e n e f i t s as i s shown in Table 59. An a n a l y s i s o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s e x i s t i n g i n B ib le c o l l e g e s le a d s t o th e c o n t e n t i o n t h a t more b e n e f i t s c o u ld be im plem ented w i t h o u t i n c u r r i n g e x c e s s i v e o u tla y o f i n s t i t u t i o n a l fu n d s. There rem ains room f o r g r e a t e r im plem enta t i o n o f such b e n e f i t s as n o n - s a b b a t i c a l l e a v e , r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s , f a c u l t y p u rc h a s e th ro u g h th e i n s t i t u t i o n , p r o v is i o n f o r l i f e i n s u r a n c e , and p r o v i s i o n f o r p e r s o n a l loans t o f a c u l t y . These b e n e f i t s can l a r g e l y be i n s t i t u t e d a t l i t t l e o r n o t c o s t t o th e i n s t i t u t i o n . The o p tio n s t i l l rem ains w ith th e i n s t i t u t i o n as to th e amount o f funds to be a l l o c a t e d i n any f r i n g e b e n e f i t a r e a . Summary This c h a p t e r p r e s e n t e d th e ran k o r d e r o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s a c c o rd in g t o th e fre q u e n c y w ith which each was found t o e x i s t i n B ib le c o l l e g e s , and a l s o th e freq u e n c y w ith which a g iv en number o f b e n e f i t s had been i n s t i t u t e d i n th e v a r io u s i n s t i t u t i o n s . A lso p r e s e n t e d was an a n a ly s i s o f th e f in d i n g s i n C h a p te r V by com paring t h e p e r c e n t age o f p o s i t i v e re s p o n s e s to w ard t h e v a r io u s s e l e c t e d f r i n g e b e n e f i t s by th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n s in v o lv e d i n th e s t u d y , and t h e p o s i t i v e r e s p o n s e s o f a p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s . F o r t h i s p u rp o se th e t e s t o f t h e d i f f e r e n c e betw een two p e r c e n ta g e s f o r u n c o r r e l a t e d 172 d a ta was u s e d , as d e s c r i b e d by Downie and Heath (1 0 :1 8 9 ). No d i f f e r e n c e e q u a l to o r e x c e e d in g th e .05 l e v e l o f p r o b a b i l i t y was found t o e x i s t betw een th e a t t i t u d e s o f th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s and th e p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t ex p e r t s in th e s t u d y , w ith r e f e r e n c e t o any o f th e f i f t e e n f r i n g e b e n e f i t s as a d e s i r a b l e a i d t o them in th e r e c r u i t ment and r e t e n t i o n o f f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y i n B ib le c o l l e g e s . CHAPTER VII SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Summary Background o f th e p ro b le m . — The i n c r e a s i n g f in a n c i a l p r e s s u r e s u n d er which i n s t i t u t i o n s o f h i g h e r e d u c a tio n have had t o o p e r a te in r e c e n t y e a r s have been f e l t w ith a c u te n e s s i n sm a ll p r i v a t e c o l l e g e s . Concern has been e x p r e s s e d by th o s e who have s t u d i e d th e p ro b le m o v e r th e v ery s u r v i v a l o f th e s e i n s t i t u t i o n s . F i n a n c i a l p r e s s u r e s im p in g e upon an i n s t i t u t i o n from a v a r i e t y o f a r e a s , one of which i s f a c u l t y s a l a r i e s . In th e face o f i n c r e a s e d f i n a n c i a l b u r d e n s , f a c u l t y w e lf a r e becomes a p r e s s i n g p ro b le m . A ll p o s s i b l e avenues must be e x p lo r e d f o r ways and means to e f f e c t th e b e s t in f a c u l t y w e l f a r e w h ile y e t k e e p in g in fo c u s th e s u r v i v a l o f t h e i n s t i t u t i o n i t s e l f . P u rp o se o f th e s t u d y . — The p u rp o se o f t h i s stu d y was t o e x p lo r e th e m a t t e r o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n t h a t s u b s e t o f p r i v a t e , c h u r c h - r e l a t e d i n s t i t u t i o n s known as B ib le c o l l e g e s . I t was d e te rm in e d t o a s c e r t a i n t o w hat e x t e n t a s e l e c t e d group o f f i f t e e n f r i n g e b e n e f i t s had been im p le mented in t h e s e i n s t i t u i o n s . F u r t h e r , t h e a t t i t u d e s of 173 174 t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f t h e s e i n s t i t u t i o n s were com p a r e d t o t h e a t t i t u d e s o f a p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s w ith r e g a r d t o t h e d e s i r a b i l i t y o f t h e s e f r i n g e b e n e f i t s as a p e r c e i v e d a i d t o them in th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y . P r o c e d u r e . — From a s u rv e y o f t h e l i t e r a t u r e , f i f te e n o f t h e m ost commonly found f r i n g e b e n e f i t s were s e l e c t e d f o r i n c l u s i o n in t h e s tu d y . A q u e s t i o n n a i r e was c o n s t r u c t e d and, a lo n g w ith a c o v e r l e t t e r e x p l a i n i n g th e s tu d y , was m a ile d to th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r o f e ach o f th e f o r t y - s i x i n s t i t u t i o n s which met th e c r i t e r i a f o r i n c l u s i o n in th e s tu d y . The a p p r o p r i a t e s e c t i o n o f t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e , d e s ig n e d t o d e te rm in e th e a t t i t u d e s o f th e c h i e f ad m in is t r a t o r s o f th e i n s t i t u t i o n s i n th e s tu d y r e l a t i v e t o th e p e r c e i v e d d e g re e o f d e s i r a b i l i t y each o f th e v a r io u s f r i n g e b e n e f i t s h e l d f o r them i n th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n of f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y , was a l s o s e n t t o a p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s . From a 93.5 p e r c e n t r e t u r n on q u e s t i o n n a i r e s s e n t t o th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s , and an 88.9 p e r c e n t r e t u r n on q u e s t i o n n a i r e s s e n t t o th e in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s , d a ta were t a b u l a t e d i n t h r e e a r e a s : (1) th e p r e v a le n c e o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s in B ib le c o l l e g e s , (2) th e d eg ree o f d e s i r a b i l i t y a s c r i b e d t o th e v a r io u s f r i n g e b e n e f i t s by c h i e f a d m in is t r a t o r s as a p e r c e i v e d a i d t o them i n t h e r e c r u i t m e n t and 175 r e t e n t i o n o f f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y in B ib le c o l l e g e s , and, (3) th e d eg re e o f d e s i r a b i l i t y a s c r i b e d t o th e v a rio u s f r i n g e b e n e f i t s by a p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s as a p e r c e i v e d a id in t h e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y in B ib le c o l l e g e s . From t h i s in f o r m a tio n th e f in d in g s were r e p o r t e d . F i n d i n g s . — The f in d i n g s o f t h e s tu d y were o r g a n iz e d t o answer th e s i x q u e s ti o n s s e t f o r t h i n C h a p te r I . 1. What does t h e l i t e r a t u r e and r e s e a r c h say p e r t a i n i n g t o f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n e d u c a tio n ? I t h as o n ly been w i t h i n th e p a s t tw en ty y e a r s t h a t f r i n g e b e n e f i t s have come t o h o ld a p o s i t i o n o f prom inence in e d u c a tio n . R esearch i n th e a r e a o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n e d u c a tio n was n o t found to be p l e n t i f u l . With r e f e r e n c e to f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n B ib le c o l l e g e s , r e s e a r c h was non e x i s t e n t . F in d in g s from t h e e x i s t i n g r e s e a r c h te n d t o s u p p o r t t h e p o s i t i o n t h a t f r i n g e b e n e f i t s a re s a t i s f a c t i o n p ro d u c in g t o f a c u l t y and t h a t f o r p e r d o l l a r o f c o s t th ey a re more p r o d u c t iv e o f f a c u l t y w e l f a r e th a n i s an e q u a l amount o f i n c r e a s e i n w ages. The l i t e r a t u r e a ls o s u g g e s ts t h a t t h e r e i s c o n s id e r a b l e room f o r im provem ent w i t h i n th e e d u c a t i o n a l m i l i e u w ith r e g a r d t o th e m a t t e r o f f r in g e b e n e f i t s . 2. What k in d s o f s e l e c t e d b e n e f i t s e x i s t f o r f u l l - 176 tim e f a c u l t y i n B ib le c o lle g e s ? Of th e f i f t e e n s e l e c t e d f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n c l u d e d in th e s t u d y , a l l w ere found t o e x i s t . These s e l e c t e d b e n e f i t s were found t o e x i s t in t h e B ib le c o l l e g e s s t u d i e d in th e f o llo w in g fre q u e n c y o r d e r : P r o f e s s i o n a l t r a v e l expense reim b u rse m e n t, 100 p e r c e n t ; h e a l t h i n s u r a n c e , 97.6 p e r c e n t ; moving ex p en se a s s i s t a n c e , 9 5 .3 p e r c e n t ; f a c u l t y fa m ily e d u c a t i o n , 90.7 p e r c e n t ; p r i v a t e f a c u l t y o f f i c e s , 86 p e r c e n t ; s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e , 86 p e r c e n t ; s i c k l e a v e , 86 p e r c e n t ; n o n - s a b b a t i c a l l e a v e , 79 p e r c e n t ; r e t i r e m e n t , 7 6 .7 p e r c e n t ; p u r c h a s e th ro u g h i n s t i t u t i o n , 72.1 p e r c e n t ; s a b b a t i c a l l e a v e , 6 9 .8 p e r c e n t ; l i f e i n s u r a n c e , 60 p e r c e n t ; f a c u l t y h o u s in g , 51.2 p e r c e n t ; p e r s o n a l l o a n s , 41.9 p e r c e n t , m o rt gage l o a n s , 1 1 .6 p e r c e n t . The mean number o f th e f i f t e e n s e l e c t e d f r i n g e b e n e f i t s found t o e x i s t i n th e B ib le c o l l e g e s i n t h e s tu d y was 1 1 .1 b e n e f i t s . 3. Are t h e r e d i f f e r e n c e s i n b e n e f i t s among c o l le g e s when c o n s id e r in g s i z e , a g e , and g e o g ra p h ic l o c a t i o n o f t h e c o lle g e ? W hile d i f f e r e n c e s w ere found when com paring a s p e c ts o f a c e r t a i n b e n e f i t w ith o t h e r s , d i f f e r e n c e s d i d n o t p e r s i s t betw een b e n e f i t s , n o r w ith r e f e r e n c e t o e i t h e r s i z e , a g e , o r g e o g ra p h ic l o c a t i o n . In some r e s p e c t s g e o g ra p h ic Region I I I f e l l somewhat below t h e o t h e r s i n t h e d e g re e t o w hich f r i n g e b e n e f i t s had been p r o v id e d , b u t no firm t r e n d 177 in t h i s d i r e c t i o n c o u ld be e s t a b l i s h e d . 4. What d eg re e o f im p o rta n c e does th e c h i e f admin i s t r a t o r o f th e c o l l e g e p l a c e on e ach o f th e b e n e f i t s i n v e s t i g a t e d ? The d e g re e o f im p o rta n c e p la c e d on e ach o f th e f r i n g e b e n e f i t s by t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r v a r i e d c o n s id e r ab ly betw een b e n e f i t s . This i n d i c a t i o n o f p e r c e i v e d im por ta n c e ra n g e d from a h ig h o f 95.3 p e r c e n t o f c h i e f a d m in is t r a t o r s a s c r i b i n g a h ig h d e g re e o f d e s i r a b i l i t y t o moving expense a s s i s t a n c e t o a low o f 11.9 p e r c e n t a s c r i b i n g h ig h d e s i r a b i l i t y t o m ortgage lo a n p r o v i s i o n . 5. What d e g re e o f im p o rta n c e does a p a n e l o f e x p e r t s p l a c e upon each o f th e b e n e f i t s i n v e s t i g a t e d ? The d e g re e o f im p o rta n c e p l a c e d on each o f th e f r i n g e b e n e f i t s by th e p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s v a r i e d c o n s id e r a b l y betw een b e n e f i t s . One h u n d re d p e r c e n t o f th e e x p e r t s a s c r i b e d a h ig h d e g re e o f p e r c e i v e d d e s i r a b i l i t y to r e t i r e m e n t , h e a l t h i n s u r a n c e , f a c u l t y p r o f e s s i o n a l t r a v e l expense re im b u rse m e n t, p r i v a t e f a c u l t y o f f i c e s , and s e c r e t a r i a l a s s i s t a n c e . None o f t h e e x p e r t s a s c r i b e d a h ig h d e g re e o f p e r c e i v e d d e s i r a b i l i t y t o p e r s o n a l lo a n s f o r f a c u l t y . Thus, th e e x p e r t s w ere more v a r i e d i n t h e i r p e r c e p t i o n o f h ig h d e s i r a b i l i t y f o r th e s e l e c t e d f r i n g e b e n e f i t s th a n w ere t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s . 6 . Are t h e r e d i s t i n g u i s h a b l e t r e n d s i n th e a r e a of f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n B ib le c o lle g e s ? 178 This r e s e a r c h r e v e a l e d t h a t very few f r i n g e b e n e f i t s e x i s t e d i n B ib le c o l l e g e s p r i o r to 1946. A lso r e v e a le d was th e f a c t t h a t most o f t h e f r i n g e b e n e f i t s in t h e s e i n s t i t u t i o n s had been im plem ented w i t h i n th e l a s t s i x t e e n y e a r s . The most r e c e n t t r e n d was an im p le m e n ta tio n o f r e t i r e m e n t p ro g ram s. F u tu re p la n s f o r c e r t a i n b e n e f i t s n o t found i n some i n s t i t u t i o n s were o f te n b e s e t w ith u n c e r t a i n t y , th u s l i k e l y i n d i c a t i n g a somewhat slo w e r pace o f im plem en tin g added f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n th e f u t u r e . The mean number o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s among B ib le c o l le g e s was found t o be 1 1 .1 . One c o l l e g e r e p o r t e d h a v in g f o u r te e n o f th e f i f t e e n b e n e f i t s in c lu d e d i n th e stu d y and one i n s t i t u t i o n r e p o r t e d h a v in g im plem ented only e i g h t . D is c u s s io n o f t h e f i n d i n g s . — The re sp o n s e s o f t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s and t h e r e s p o n s e s o f th e in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s were compared w ith r e f e r e n c e to th e d eg ree to which th e y f e l t th e v a r io u s s e l e c t e d f r i n g e b e n e f i t s t o be h ig h l y d e s i r a b l e t o them as an a i d in th e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y i n B ib le c o l l e g e s . For t h i s p u r p ose th e t e s t o f th e d i f f e r e n c e betw een two p e r c e n ta g e s f o r u n c o r r e l a t e d d a t a was u se d as d e s c r i b e d by Downie and Heath (1 0 :1 8 9 ). No d i f f e r e n c e was found which e q u a le d o r ex ceed ed th e .05 l e v e l o f p r o b a b i l i t y . 179 Comments o f t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s . — Comments by t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s r e l a t i v e t o w hat th ey f e l t th e v a lu e o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s t o be in B ib le c o l l e g e s s u p p o rte d th e f in d i n g s from th e l i t e r a t u r e in t h i s s tu d y . O ften e x p r e s s e d was th e id e a t h a t f r i n g e b e n e f i t s were s a t i s f a c t i o n p ro d u c in g f o r f a c u l t y and t h a t f r i n g e b e n e f i t s w ere a means t o h e lp com pensate f o r d e p r e s s e d s a l a r i e s . C o n clu sio n s The s tu d y o f th e l i t e r a t u r e , th e answ ers t o th e q u e s t i o n n a i r e s , and t h e a n a l y s i s o f th e d a t a on f r i n g e ben e f i t s i n B ib le c o l l e g e s l e a d t o th e fo llo w in g c o n c lu s io n s : 1. F r in g e b e n e f i t s i n B ib le c o l l e g e s a r e q u i t e s i m i l a r t o t h o s e found i n h i g h e r e d u c a tio n in g e n e r a l as r e v e a l e d by th e l i t e r a t u r e . 2. The comments o f th e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f B ib le c o l l e g e s c o n firm th e l i t e r a t u r e r e l a t i v e t o th e valu e o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s to f a c u l t y . These comments s u p p o r t th e p o s i t i o n t h a t f r i n g e b e n e f i t s a re s a t i s f a c t i o n - p r o d u c i n g f o r f a c u l t y and t h a t th e y s e rv e t o sup p lem en t s a l a r i e s f o r B ib le c o l l e g e f a c u l t y w hich a re t y p i c a l l y low. 3. The e x i s t e n c e o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n B ib le c o l le g e s ( i . e . , p r a c t i c e ) i s g r e a t e r th a n th e d e s i r a b i l i t y (p re f e r e n c e ) f o r f r i n g e b e n e f i t s as e x p r e s s e d by th e c h ie f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s i n B ib le c o l l e g e s . The mean p e r c e n ta g e o f h ig h d e s i r a b i l i t y ( p r e f e r e n c e ) a s c r i b e d t o a l l f r i n g e b e n e - 180 f i t s by t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s was 6 3.5 p e r c e n t . The mean p e r c e n ta g e o f th e e x i s t e n c e o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n B ib le c o l l e g e s ( p r a c t i c e ) was 74.2 p e r c e n t . The mean p e r c e n ta g e o f h ig h d e s i r a b i l i t y (p re f e r e n c e ) e x p r e s s e d by th e p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s was 66.8 p e r c e n t . T h is a l s o f e l l below th e mean p e r c e n ta g e of p r a c t i c e . 4. B ib le c o lle g e a d m i n i s t r a t o r s , w h ile g e n e r a l l y aware o f t h e im p o rta n c e o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s , d id n o t m ani f e s t t h i s aw areness i n a l l i n s t i t u t i o n s n o r w ith r e f e r e n c e t o a l l o f th e b e n e f i t s i n v e s t i g a t e d . Some b e n e f i t s w hich c o u ld be im plem ented a t v i r t u a l l y no d o l l a r c o s t t o th e i n s t i t u t i o n have n o t y e t been im plem ented i n a l l i n s t i t u t i o n s . 5. There i s no c o n s i s t e n t r e l a t i o n s h i p betw een th e e x i s t e n c e o f f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n B ib le c o lle g e s and t h e s i z e o f t h e i n s t i t u t i o n , i t s g e o g ra p h ic l o c a t i o n , o r th e age o f t h e i n s t i t u t i o n . 6 . T here i s no d i f f e r e n c e betw een th e a t t i t u d e s o f t h e c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f B ib le c o l l e g e s and th e a t t i tu d e s o f a p a n e l o f in d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t s r e l a t i v e t o th e d e g re e o f p e r c e i v e d d e s i r a b i l i t y e a c h group a s c r i b e d t o f r i n g e b e n e f i t s as an a i d i n t h e r e c r u i t m e n t and r e t e n t i o n o f f u l l - t i m e f a c u l t y w hich e q u a ls o r exceeds t h e .05 l e v e l o f p r o b a b i l i t y . 181 Recommendations The f o llo w in g recom m endations a re p ro p o se d on th e b a s i s o f th e fo re g o in g f in d in g s and c o n c lu s io n s : 1. The c h i e f a d m i n i s t r a t o r o f each B ib le c o lle g e s h o u ld examine c a r e f u l l y th e f r i n g e b e n e f i t s e x i s t i n g i n h i s i n s t i t u t i o n . F a c u lty w e l f a r e s h o u ld be giv en h ig h p r i o r i t y in th e i n s t i t u t i o n and s h o u ld be a c t i v e l y p u rsu e d by th e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n . F a c u lty w e l f a r e s h o u ld n o t be t h e end r e s u l t o f random e v e n ts o r c i r c u m s ta n c e s , n o r s h o u ld i t be r e l e g a t e d t o im p le m e n ta tio n as a r e s u l t o f l e g a l p r e s s u r e s o r r e q u ir e m e n ts . 2. S e v e r a l f r i n g e b e n e f i t s can be im plem ented a t no d o l l a r c o s t t o th e i n s t i t u t i o n , o r a t v ery nom inal c o s t . These s h o u ld be im plem ented im m e d ia te ly . 3. Each i n s t i t u t i o n s h o u ld s tu d y , e i t h e r a t th e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e l e v e l o r by f a c u l t y co m m ittee, th o s e f r i n g e b e n e f i t s w h ich , i f im plem ented, w ould c o s t th e i n s t i t u t i o n money t o d e te rm in e w hat th e b e s t p o s t u r e to w ard t h a t b e n e f i t w ould be in term s o f f a c u l t y w e l f a r e . A p o o lin g o f th e d o l l a r w i l l , a t t i m e s , buy more i n term s o f goods o r s e r v ic e s th a n w i l l th e i n d i v i d u a l d o l l a r . S a la r y i n c r e a s e s v e r s u s i n c r e a s e s i n f r i n g e b e n e f i t s s h o u ld be s t u d i e d c a r e f u l l y where t o t a l i n s t i t u t i o n a l d o l l a r s a v a i l a b l e are l i m i t e d . 4. A l l i n s t i t u t i o n s s t i l l l a c k in g r e t i r e m e n t and 182 h e a l t h in s u r a n c e program s s h o u ld ta k e im m ediate s te p s t o ward t h e i r im p le m e n ta tio n . This i s e s p e c i a l l y im p e r a tiv e i n view o f th e g e n e r a l l y d e p r e s s e d s a l a r i e s p r e v a i l i n g in B ib le c o l l e g e s . Recommendations f o r f u r t h e r r e s e a r c h . — T h is r e s e a r c h b r o u g h t c e r t a i n r e l a t e d q u e s t i o n s i n t o focus which are recommended f o r f u r t h e r s tu d y . These a re as f o llo w s : 1. What i s t h e a t t i t u d e o f f a c u l t y c o n c e rn in g th e f i f t e e n s e l e c t e d f r i n g e b e n e f i t s i n t h i s s tu d y as a p e r c e i v e d a t t r a c t i o n t o them when c o n s id e r i n g em ployment? Does t h i s a t t i t u d e v ary w ith th e l e v e l o f s a la r y ? 2. O th e r th a n s a l a r y , w h at f a c t o r s o f employment in B ib le c o l l e g e s do f a c u l t y c o n s id e r most a t t r a c t i v e and l e a s t a t t r a c t i v e . 3. What f a c t o r s do a d m i n i s t r a t o r s se e as a t t r a c t in g f a c u l t y to B ib le c o l l e g e s in view o f th e low s a l a r i e s g e n e r a l l y p a id ? A P P E N D I X E S 183 APPENDIX A COVER LETTER TO ADMINISTRATORS 184 185 Over half a cen tu ry of service Affiliated w ith the Assem blies of God B E T H A N Y B I B L E C O L L E G E SCO BETHA NY DRIVE * SANTA C R U Z • CALIFORNIA 95060 • TELEPHO NE <108/J38-3B 00 July 20, 1971 X X X X X X X X X Dear President xxx: Your help in completing the enclosed questionnaire will be sincerely appreciated. As you know, research in Bible Col lege administration and education is not plentiful. The emphasis of this questionnaire is an analysis of fringe ben efits in. Bible colleges, and holds potential for valuable information for Bible college administrators. It attempts . to ascertain current practice; how long certain benefits have been in effect (dates can be approximate); and what future trends may be in this area of faculty welfare in 3ible colleges. This study is part of my doctoral work at the University of Southern California, under the advisement of Dr. Bari V. Pullias of the Department of Higher education. I have also received endorsement for this study from Dr. John Mostert, ' Executive Secretary of AABC. The questionnaire should take about 10 minutes to complete, and I would be most happy to share a copy of the findings with you. The results should be useful to you in your own work in the area of faculty welfare. ■Thank you kindly for your assistance. Sincerely, E. £. Kirsch, Vice President enclosure C O ftC A S C .f3U R **fT T ,P r«n.lani • £ L M £ A e. K l R S C H , Dun • D O N A L D H . W SsT .C om m roiltr • K E N N E T H O L S O N , Don of S tU d fn t* Aecrtd'/cii by ■ Acweditinj Association o f Bible Colleges and Western Association o f Schools and Colleges APPENDIX B QUESTIONNAIRE TO ADMINISTRATORS 186 187 All responses wiil I be held in strict ] confidence I SURVEY OF FRINGE BENEFITS FOR FULL-TIME FACULTY ---- 1 IH BIBLE COLLEGES Directions: Include only full-time faculty The question mark (?) signifies "not certain." In some instances, where the answer to the first question is "no," the items following and relating to that question will not be anawered. RETIREMENT 1. Does your college have a retirement system for faculty other than Social Security? yes no 1 2. What portion (if any) of funds paid in for each faculty member does the college pay? ___ X 2 3. When was the present plan adopted? (year) 3 4. If a plan is not now in effect, does the college plan to implem ent one within the next 3 years? yes no ? 4 5. What percentage of faculty is covered by Social Security? 7. 5 6. What portion (if any) of Social Security does the college pay for each faculty member? % ft 7. Are tax sheltered annuities for faculty available through your college? yes no 7 8. When was the annuity program adopted? (year) ___ 8 9. If an annuity program is not now in effect, does the college plan one within the next 3 years? yea no___? 9 LIFE INSURANCE 1. Is life insurance available to the faculty through the college? yes gc 10 2. What portion (if any) of the life insurance premium does the college pay for the faculty? . , X 11 3. When was the program adopted? (year) ___ 4. If such a program is not now in effect, does the college plan one within the next 3 years? . yes no__? 13 HEALTH INSURANCE 1. Is group health insurance available to faculty through your college? yea no 14 2. What portion (if any) of the insurance premium is paid by the college? % IS 3. When was the group health insurance program adopted? (year) ____ I® 4. If such a program is not now in effect, does the college plan to adopt one within the next 3 .years? yea no ? 17 SABBATICAL LEAVE 1. Does the college provide for faculty leave with pay?(full or part) yea no 18 2. When was the program adopted? (year) _____ 19 3. If such a program is not now in effect, does the college plan one within the next 3 years? yea no ? 20 NON-SABBATICAL LEAVE (Leave of Absence) 1. Are faculty at your col Lege allowed to take leave of absence without pay? (Other than sick leave) yes no 21 2. Are their positions (i.e., teaching position and salary) assured them upon their return? yes no 22 3. When was the program adopted? (year) _____ 23 4. If such a program, is not r.ow in effect, does the college plan one within the next 3 years? yes no 7 24 188 SICK LEAVE 1. Does your college have o provision for faculty sick leave? yea no 25 2. Does the faculty member continue to receive his salary during his sick leave? __yes no 26 3. When was the program adopted? (year) ___ 27 A. If such a program is not now in effect, docs the college plan one within the next 3 years? yea no __? 28 FACULTY TRAVEL EXPENSE 1. Does your college reimburse faculty for professional travel? yes no 29 2. Must approval for travel be received from a person beyond the department head? yea no 30 3. When was the faculty travel program adopted? (year) ____ 31 4. If such a plan is not now in effect, does the college plan one within the next 3 years? yes no __? 32 FACULTY FAMILY EDUCATION 1. Is tuition waived for faculty children who attend your own college? yes no 33 2. When was the program adopted? (year) 34 3. If such a program is not now in effect, does the college plan one within the next 3 years? yes no _? 35 4. May the spouse of a faculty member attend your college without charge? 5. When was this program (#4) adopted? (year) 6. If such a program f i ‘ 4) is not now in effect, does the college plan one within the next 3 years? _yes no ? 38 7. Does your college provide cash grants for tuition for faculty member's children to attend anotner college? ye s ' no 39 8. When w-as the program (#7) adopted? (year) _____ 40 9. If such a program (#7) is ncc now in effect, does the college plan one within the next 3 years? yea no ? 41 PERSONAL LOANS 1. Does the college make personal loans to faculty? yea no 42 2. When was the program adopted? (year) 43 3. If such a program is not now in effect, does the college plan one within the next 3 years? yes no ? 44 MORTGAGE LOANS 1. Does your college make mortgage loans to faculty? 2. When was the program adopted? (year; 2. t.f such a program is not now in effect, does the college plan one within the next 3 years? yes no ? 47. FACULTY PURCHASE THROUGH THE INSTITUTION 1. Does your college allow faculty to purchase merchandise through tile institution at reduced prices? (discount purchasing) 2. When was the program adopted? (year) 3. If such a program is not now in effect, does the college plan one within the next 3 years? MOVING EXPENSE 1. Does your college pay moving expense for new faculty? yea no 51 2. When was the program adopted? (year) ”_____ 52 3. If such a program is net now in effect, does the college plan one within the next 3 years? yea no__? 53 yes no ? 50 f 189 -3- FACULTY HOUSING 1. Dons the college own houses or apartments that are made available to faculty (check as necessary) free below market at market for some for all wo 54 2. When was the program adopted? (year) 55 3.. If such a program is not now in effect, does the college plan one within the next 3 years? __yes no _ ? 56 4. In place of, or in addition to the above, does the college assist faculty- in locating suitable housing through an established office? yes no 57 5. Vheti was the program (#4) adopted? (year) _ _ 53 6. If such a program (. 7 4 ) is not now in effect, does the college plan one within the next 3 years? PRIVATE FACULTY OFFICES 1. Is each faculty member provided a private office? 2. When was the program adopted? (year) 3. If such a program is not now in effect, does the college plan one within the next 3 years? _yes no ? 59 yes no yes 60 61 yea no __? 62 SECRETARIAL ASSISTANCE 1. Is each faculty member provided with secretarial assistance? 2. When was the program adopted? (year) 3. If such a program is not now in effect, does the college plan one within the next 3 years? What is the average per semesLer teaching load st your college? <r A X * V EVALUATION OF BENEFITS If yv>u were to design a program of benefits for the faculty at your college, such that it would be an aid to you in the recruitment and retention of faculty, how would you rate each of the following as to its degree of desirability in such a program? 63 64 yea no __? 65 units 1. RETIREMENT •__ a. Not Necessary _ b. Moderately Desirable c. Desirable __ d. Very Desirable 2. LIFE INSURANCE __ a. Not Necessary b. Moderately Desirable _ c- Desirable _ _ _ d. Very Desirable 3. HEALTH INSURANCE a. Not Necessary __ b. Moderately Desirable _ c. Desirable _ d. Very Desirable 4. SABBATICAL LEAVE ___ a. Not Necessary b. Moderately Desirable c. Desirable d. Very Desirable 5. NON-SABBATICAL LEAVE a. Not Necessary __ b. Moderately Desirable c. Desirable __ d. Very Desirable 6. SICK LEAVE __ a. Not Necessary __ b. Moderately Desirable e. Desirable d. Very Desirable 7. FACULTY TRAVEL EXPENSE __ a. Not Necessary b. Moderately Desirable __ c. Desirable d. Very Desirable 8. FACULTY FAMILY EDUCATION _ a. Not Necessary __ b. Moderately Desirable c. Desirable __ d. Very Desirable I 190 9. PERSONAL LOANS 13, FACULTY HOUSING a. Nor. Necessary b. Moderately Desirable c. DesirabLe d. Very Desirable b. Moderately Desirable __ c. Desirable _ d. Very Desirable a. Not Necessary 10. MORTGAGE LOANS 14. PRIVATE FACULTY OFFICES a. Not Necessary b. Moderately Desirable c. Desirable d. Very Desirable a. Not Necessary b. Moderately Desirable c. Desirable d. Very Desirable 11. FACULTY PURCHASE THROUGH INSTITUTION a. Not Necessary 15. SECRETARIAL ASSISTANCE b. Moderately Desirable _ c. Desirable d. Very Desirable a. Not Necessary b. Moderately Desirable c. Desirable d.'Very Desirable 12. MOVING EXPENSE a. Not 1-Jecessaty __ b. Moderately Desirable __ c. Desirable __ d. Very Desirable In a sentence or t»o, comment on ntiac you feel is the value of fringe benefits in Bible Colleges. Nu.te of your college ________ Thank you Check hare i f you desire a copy of the survey of the findings of this research. APPENDIX C COVER LETTER TO THE INDEPENDENT EXPERTS 191 192 O ver h a lf a cen tu ry o f service A ffiliated ivitk the A ssem blies o f God B E T H A N Y B I B L E C O L L E G E 8 0 0 BETHANY DRIVE • SANTA C R U Z • C A LIFO R N IA 95060 • TEL E PH O N E 4 0 8 /4 3 8 -3 8 0 0 October 12, 1971 X X X X X X X X X Dear Doctor xxx; Because of your wealth of experience in higher ed ucation, may I call on you to serve as an expert in checking the enclosed brief form. This is part of a doctoral dissertation being done at the Univer sity of Southern California under the advisement of Dr. 3, V. Tullias. Thank you kindly for your assistance. I Sincerely, Elmer E„ Kirsch EEK/eca Encl. fY W O A S C . IW P P :E T T . E L V E R £ K iR S C H .D v * * • D O N A L D H W E S T , C orotrali** K 6N N 6T H G L S Q N , t> M n S tuifenrt Accredited by: Accrediting Association o f Bible Colleges and Western Association o f Schools and Colleges APPENDIX D QUESTIONNAIRE TO THE INDEPENDENT EXPERTS 193 194 FRINGE BENEFITS If you vere to design a program of fringe benefits for full-time college faculty such that it would be an aid to you in the recruitment and retention of faculty, how would you rate each of the following as to its degree jf desira bility? . 1. RETIREMENT __ a. Not Necessary b. Moderately Desirable c. Desirable d. Very Desirable 2 . L IFE INSURANCE __ a. Not Necessary _ _ b. Moderately Desirable __ c. Desirable d. Very Desirable 3 . HEALTH INSURANCE __ a. Not Necessary __ b. Moderately Desirable __ c. Desirable _ _ d. Very Desirable 4. SABBATICAL LEAVE ^ a . N o t Necessary _ b. Moderately Desirable __ c. Desirable d. Very Desirable 3 . NON-SABBATICAL LEAVE _ a. Not Necessary b. Moderately Desirable __ c. Desirable __ d. Very Desirable 6. SICK LEAVE a. Not Necessary b. Moderately Desirable __ c. Desirable _ d. Very Desirable 7. FACULTY TRAVEL EXPENSE a. Not Necessary ___ b. Moderately Desirable __ c. Desirable _ d . Very Desirable 8. FACULTY FAMILY EDUCATION _ a. Not Necessary __ b. Moderately Desirable __ c Desirable ___ d. Very Desirable 9- PERSONAL LOANS a. Not Necessary b. Moderately Desirable __ c. Desirable d. Very Desirable 10. MORTGAGE LOANS . _ a. Not Necessary __ b. Moderately Desirable __ c. Desirable d. Very Desirable 11. FACULTY PURCHASE THROUGH INSTITUTION __ a. Not Necessary b. Moderately Desirable __ c. Desirable ' d. Very Desirable 12. MOVING EXPENSE a. Not Necessaty __ b. Moderately Desirable _ c. Desirable __ d. Very Desirable 1 ' r 13. FACULTY HOUSING a. Not Necessary __ b. Moderately Desirable __ c. Desirable d. Very Desirable 14. PRIVATE FACULTY OFFICES a. Not Necessary _ b. Moderately Desirable __ c. Desirable __ d. Very Desirable 15. SECRETARIAL ASSISTANCE __ a. Not Necessary __ b. Moderately Desirable __ c. Desirable d. Very Desirable APPENDIX E PANEL OF INDEPENDENT EXPERTS 195 PANEL OF INDEPENDENT EXPERTS Dr. J . R o b ert A s h c r o f t , P r e s i d e n t Evangel C o lle g e S p r i n g f i e l d , M is so u ri Former p r e s i d e n t o f C e n t r a l B ib le C o lle g e Dr. H a ro ld W. Boon, P r e s i d e n t Nyack M is s io n a ry C o lle g e Nyack, New York P r e s i d e n t o f Nyack when a B ib le c o lle g e Dr. 0. Cope Budge, C h a n c e llo r S o u th ern C a l i f o r n i a C o lle g e C o sta Mesa, C a l i f o r n i a Former p r e s i d e n t o f a B ib le c o lle g e Dr. E v e r e t t L. C a t t e l l , P r e s i d e n t Malone C o lle g e C a n to n , Ohio F orm erly p r e s i d e n t o f a B ib le c o lle g e Dr. W illia m Hannah Westmont C o lle g e S a n ta B a r b a r a , C a l i f o r n i a D i r e c t o r o f F i n a n c i a l A f f a i r s Dr. John M o s te r t, E x e c u tiv e D i r e c t o r A c c r e d i t i n g A s s o c i a t i o n o f B ib le C o lle g e s W heaton, I l l i n o i s Dr. Samuel S u th e r la n d Yorba L in d a , C a l i f o r n i a Former p r e s i d e n t o f th e A c c r e d i t i n g A s s o c ia tio n o f B ib le C o lle g e s P r e s i d e n t e m e r i t u s , B i o l a C o lle g e Dr. Roger V oskuyl W a sh in g to n , D. C. Former p r e s i d e n t o f Westmont C o lle g e 196 B I B L I O G R A P H Y 197 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. A c c r e d i t i n g A s s o c i a t i o n o f B ib le C o lle g e s . A Guide t o C onducting S e l f - E v a l u a t i o n . W heaton, I l l i n o i s , {n. d . ) . 2. A c c r e d i t i n g A s s o c i a t i o n o f B ib le C o lle g e s . D ir e c to r y 1969-70. W heaton, I l l i n o i s . 3. A lle n , Donna. F r in g e B e n e f i t s : Wages o r S o c i a l O b li g a t i o n ? I t h a c a , New York: C o r n e ll U n i v e r s i t y , 1964. 4. B a ly e a t, Ralph E. F a c to r s A f f e c t i n g th e A c q u i s it i o n and R e te n tio n o f C o lle g e F a c u l t y . W ashington, D.C.: U.S. D epartm ent o f H e a lth , E d u c a tio n , and W e lfa re , R e p o rt Number 7-D -033, December, 196 8. 5. Brown, David G. Academic Labor M a rk e ts . W ashington, D .C .: O f fic e o f Manpower, A u to m atio n , and T r a in i n g , U.S. D epartm ent o f L ab o r, S eptem ber, 1965. 6 . Brown, David G. The M obile P r o f e s s o r s . W ashington, D.C. : American C o u n c il on E d u c a tio n , 1967. 7. Brown, Douglas W. "Non-Wage Payments t o T eachers i n C o lo ra d o ." 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Creator Kirsch, Elmer Edwin (author)

Core Title A Study Of Fringe Benefits For Full-Time Faculty In Bible Colleges

Contributor Digitized by ProQuest (provenance)

Degree Doctor of Education

Degree Program Education

Publisher University of Southern California (original), University of Southern California. Libraries (digital)

Tag education, higher,OAI-PMH Harvest

Language English

Advisor Pullias, Earl Vivon (committee chair), DeSilva, Lionel (committee member), Grafton, Clive L. (committee member)

Permanent Link (DOI) https://doi.org/10.25549/usctheses-c18-767081

Unique identifier UC11363390

Identifier 7300744.pdf (filename),usctheses-c18-767081 (legacy record id)

Legacy Identifier 7300744

Dmrecord 767081

Document Type Dissertation

Rights Kirsch, Elmer Edwin

Type texts

Source University of Southern California (contributing entity), University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses (collection)

Access Conditions The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the au...

Repository Name University of Southern California Digital Library

Repository Location USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA