University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses

A Study Of The Relationships Between Factors Found In Cattell'S Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire And Factors Found In The Guilford Personality Inventories

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A Study Of The Relationships Between Factors Found In Cattell'S Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire And Factors Found In The Guilford Personality Inventories

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Content rfHtiuwtfrflMWIE' This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 6 6 —5 4 8 1 GIBBONS, Billie Dwane, 1926— A STUDY O F THE RELATIONSHIPS BETW EEN FACTORS FOUND IN C A T T EL L'S SIXTEEN PERSONALITY FACTOR QUESTIONNAIRE AND FACTORS FOUND IN THE GUILFORD PERSON ALITY INVENTORIES. U n iversity of Southern C alifornia, Ph.D ., 1966 Psychology, g e n eral University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, M ichigan A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FACTORS FOUND IN CATTELL'S SIXTEEN PERSONALITY FACTOR QUESTIONNAIRE AND FACTORS FOUND IN THE GUILFORD PERSONALITY INVENTORIES by B i l l i e Dwane Gibbons A D i s s e r t a t i o n P r e s e n te d to t h e FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA I n P a r t i.a l F u l f i l l m e n t o f th e R eq u ire m e n ts f o r th e Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (P sy ch o lo g y ) J a n u a r y 1966 UNIVERSITY O F S O U T H E R N CA LIFO RN IA THE GRADUATE SCH O O L UNIVERSITY PARK L O S ANGELES, CA LIFO RN IA 9 0 0 0 7 This dissertation, written by .........................E iiL ie ..D w .a R fi..G ib .h fin s ........................... under the direction of hk&....Dissertation Com mittee, and approved by all its members, has been presented to and accepted by the Graduate School, in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of D O C T O R OF P H I L O S O P H Y Dean Date January^..! 9. 6. 6. ......................... DISSERTATION COMMITTEE Acknowledgments To Dr*. J . P. G u i l f o r d , th e w r i t e r i s much in d e b te d f o r h i s c o n s t a n t e n c o u ra g e m e n t, p a t i e n c e , and a d v ic e d u r i n g th e c o u rs e o f t h i s s t u d y . W ith o u t h i s a d v ic e and c o n s t r u c t i v e c r i t i c i s m , t h i s r e s e a r c h would s t i l l be " in p r o g r e s s . " The w r i t e r i s e s p e c i a l l y g r a t e f u l to h i s w i f e , B a rb a ra , f o r h e r p a t i e n c e , s u p p o r t , and m ost p a r t i c u l a r l y h e r h e lp i n ty p in g th e p r e l i m i n a r y d r a f t s . TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................ C h a p te r I . THE PROBLEM................................................................................ The Problem O r g a n iz a t i o n o f t h e D i s s e r t a t i o n I I . REVIEW OF PERTINENT LITERATURE............................... T h e o r e t i c a l Background P e r s o n a l i t y I n v e n t o r y Developm ent ■'III. HYPOTHESIS AND SELECTION OF VARIABLES............. H y p o th e s is S e l e c t i o n o f V a r i a b l e s S p e c i f i c H y p o th e s iz e d F a c t o r s IV . TEST ADMINISTRATION AND STATISTICAL PROCEDURES .................................................................. ! T e s t A d m i n i s t r a t i o n , Sam ple, and S c o r in g ] V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF THE OBTAINED i ■ ■ ! FACTORS..................................................................................... R e s u l t s o f I n t e r c o r r e l a t i o n s R e s u l t s o f th e F a c t o r A n a ly s is P a t t e r n e d F a c t o r A n a ly ses V I. SUMMARY....................... ............................................. Summary i i I S u g g e s t i o n s f o r F u r t h e r R e se a rc h j BIBLIOGRAPHY.................. .......................................................... TABLE OP CONTENTS ( c o n tin u e d ) APPENDIXES PAGE A I n t e r c o r r e l a t i o n s Among 69 V a r i a b l e s From th e C a t t e l l and G u ilf o r d I n v e n t o r i e s ................................................................ 122 B U n ro ta te d F a c t o r M a trix o f 69 V a r i a b l e s 133 C F i n a l P a t t e r n f o r L e a s t S q u a re s R o t a t i o n 140 D P a t t e r n f o r R o t a t i o n P a t te r n e d Toward th e C a t t e l l F a c t o r s ............................................ 144 E P a t t e r n f o r R o t a t i o n P a t te r n e d Toward th e G u ilf o r d F a c t o r s ......................................... 147 LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1 Summary o f th e S o u rce of th e 69 V a r i a b l e s Used i n t h i s A n a l y s i s ...................................................... 45 j t 2 T able o f Means, S ta n d a r d D e v i a t i o n s , P ro p o r-' j t i o n s o f V a r i a b l e s , and R e l i a b i l i t i e s 5 3 1 3 R o ta te d F a c t o r M a t r i x ........................................................... 66 4 Varimax R o ta te d F a c t o r M a trix P a t t e r n e d Toward th e C a t t e l l F a c t o r s ............................ 83 5 Varimax R o ta te d F a c t o r M a trix P a t t e r n e d Toward th e G u ilf o r d F a c t o r s ................................. 8 6 : j CHAPTER I i | THE PROBLEM i ! I F o rem o st among t h e p ro b lem s f a c e d by s t u d e n t s o f I p e r s o n a l i t y i s d e f i n i t i o n o f t e r m s . H a l l and L in d s e y h av e co m p iled and d i s c u s s e d m ost t h e o r i e s and d e f i n i t i o n s | (1 9 5 7 ). P e r s o n a l i t y i s m ost f r e q u e n t l y c o n s id e r e d a s th e I c h a r a c t e r i s t i c way o f t h i n k i n g and a c t i n g which i d e n t i f i e s ! e a c h p e rs o n a s a u n iq u e i n d i v i d u a l . S in c e i t i s th e one :p s y c h o l o g i c a l c o n c e p t w hich em braces a l l th e f u n c t i o n s o f ;th e i n d i v i d u a l , i t h a s become t h e b a s i c i n t e g r a t i n g con c e p t o f p sy c h o lo g y . E ach t h e o r y o r s c h o o l o f p sy c h o lo g y g i v e s a d i f f e r e n t a p p ro a c h t o p e r s o n a l i t y , y e t m ost a g r e e i n g i v in g i t a m ajor r o l e i n t h e s c ie n c e o f p s y c h o lo g y . The v e r y c o m p re h e n s iv e n e s s o f p e r s o n a l i t y makes i t i n e v i t a b l e t h a t d i f f e r e n t i n v e s t i g a t o r s w i l l a p p ro a c h i t {in d i f f e r e n t ways. The i n d i v i d u a l r e v e a l s h i s p e r s o n a l i t y |th r o u g h p u r p o s iv e a c t s , a m b i t io n s , and l i f e p l a n s ; b u t {also th ro u g h g e s t u r e s , h a n d w r itin g and d ra w in g , th ro u g h ! {daydreams and p h a n ta s y . In p o p u l a r u sa g e p e r s o n a l i t y i s i ■ jthe h a b i t u a l p a t t e r n w hich makes a p e r s o n 's way o f d o in g j Ith in g s im m e d ia te ly r e c o g n iz e d by h i s f r i e n d s . ! S c i e n t i f i c a l l y , p e r s o n a l i t y may be t r e a t e d u n d e r | many d i f f e r e n t c a t e g o r i e s , e a c h of w h ich r e c e i v e s g r e a t e r ! ! o r l e s s em p hasis by d i f f e r e n t p s y c h o l o g i c a l s c h o o l s . We | may d i s t i n g u i s h th e s t i m u lu s a s p e c t o f p e r s o n a l i t y , o r j ! p e r s o n a l i t y a s i t a p p e a r s t o o t h e r s . U nder t h i s r u b r i c icome su c h q u a l i t i e s a s c h e e r f u l n e s s , a g g r e s s i v e n e s s and e x c i t a b i l i t y , a s s i g n s o f t h e s e q u a l i t i e s a r e p e r c e i v e d by f r i e n d s and a c q u a i n t a n c e s . P o p u l a r l y , we sa y t h a t a man w ith a good p e r s o n a l i t y i s one who makes a f a v o r a b l e ■ im p re ss io n upon o t h e r s . P s y c h o l o g i s t s p r e f e r t o a v o id j su c h l a b e l s a s good and bad ; th e y f i n d i t n e c e s s a r y , !h o w ever, t o s tu d y p e r s o n a l i t i e s i n te rm s o f t h e i r s o c i a l ; s t i m u l u s v a l u e s . P a r t i c u l a r l y , a t t e m p t s have been made t o i d e n t i f y th e q u a l i t i e s a s s o c i a t e d w ith r e l a t e d t r a i t s . S p e c i f i c a l l y , th e p u rp o se o f t h i s r e s e a r c h was to ! compare an d c o n t r a s t th e t h e o r e t i c a l v ie w p o in ts o f two c u r r e n t p r i n c i p a l e x p o n e n ts o f th e f a c t o r i a l a p p ro a c h to th e d e s c r i p t i o n and m easurem ent of p e r s o n a l i t y , R. B. i C a t t e l l an d J . P. G u i l f o r d . O r g a n i z a t i o n o f th e D i s s e r t a t i o n C h a p te r I I c o n t a i n s a b r i e f r e v ie w of th e C a t t e l l !and G u i l f o r d t h e o r i e s and r e s e a r c h i n th e a r e a o f p e r s o n a l i t y . I n C h a p te r I I I a p p e a r th e h y p o th e s e s and th e | | s e l e c t i o n o f v a r i a b l e s u se d i n t h i s a n a l y s i s . C h a p te r IV i I I s c o n c e rn e d w i t h th e t e s t a d m i n i s t r a t i o n and p r o c e s s i n g i f !o f d a t a . The o b t a i n e d f a c t o r s a r e d i s c u s s e d an d i n t e r j I p r e t e d i n C h a p te r V. A summary a p p e a rs i n C h a p te r V I. 1 i CHAPTER I I j REVIEW OF PERTINENT LITERATURE I n t h i s Chapter* i s a b r i e f d i s c u s s i o n o f th e t h e o r e t i c a l v ie w p o in ts of R. B. C a t t e l l and J . P. G u ilf o r d , iand a b r i e f h i s t o r y o f t h e d evelo pm ent o f th e C a t t e l l and 'G u i l f o r d p e r s o n a l i t y i n v e n t o r i e s . j T h e o r e t i c a l Background i I n th e U n ited S t a t e s , C a t t e l l and G u ilf o r d a re th e :c u r r e n t p r i n c i p a l e x p o n e n ts o f th e f a c t o r i a l a p p ro a ch to |th e m easurem ent o f p e r s o n a l i t y . The p r i n c i p l e s and m ethods o f f a c t o r a n a l y s i s and i t s a p p l i c a t i o n s to p s y c h o l o g ic a l ^ re s e a rc h a re w e l l known. Harman has more th a n a d e q u a te ly :e x p la in e d t h i s a p p ro a c h and i t s t e c h n iq u e s ( i 9 6 0 ) . C a t t e l l fs V iew point C a t t e l l g iv e s o n ly a v e ry g e n e r a l d e f i n i t i o n o f p e r s o n a l i t y : " P e r s o n a l i t y i s t h a t w hich p e r m i ts a p r e - |d i c t l o n o f w hat a p e rs o n w i l l do i n a g iv e n s i t u a t i o n " (1946, pp. 2 - 3 ) . To C a t t e l l , th e t r a i t i s th e most jim p o rta n t c o n c e p t. F o r him a t r a i t i s a "m en tal s t r u c t u r e " i ; t h a t i s i n f e r r e d , from o b se rv e d b e h a v io r . C a t t e l l d i f f e r e n t i a t e s betw een so u rc e t r a i t s and s u r f a c e t r a i t s . S u r f a c e j 1 1 ! 4 i t r a i t s r e p r e s e n t c l u s t e r s of m a n i f e s t o r o v e r t v a r i a b l e s i t h a t seem t o go t o g e t h e r , and so u rc e t r a i t s r e p r e s e n t i u n d e r l y i n g v a r i a b l e s t h a t e n t e r i n t o th e d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f ! m u l t i p l e s u r f a c e m a n i f e s t a t i o n s . | In h i s scheme o f th e g e n e r a l s t r u c t u r e o f p e r s o n - f a l i t y , C a t t e l l d i s t i n g u i s h e s (a ) i n n a t e o r c o n s t i t u t i o n a l i t r a i t s from (b) th o s e t h a t a r e a c q u i r e d , and he a l s o r e c o g n i z e s t h r e e main a s p e c t s : ( l ) c o g n i t i v e a b i l i t i e s , (2) tem p era m en tal c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , and (3) c o n a tiv e o r ! m o t i v a t i o n a l t e n d e n c i e s (1 9 ^ 6 ). H is tw e lv e p rim a ry t r a i t s i n c l u d e s o - c a l l e d common f a c t o r s such a s g e n e r a l i n t e l l i - : g e n c e , g e n e r a l e m o t i o n a l i t y , and a number o f te m p e ra m e n ta l, j e m o tio n a l, o r p s y c h o n e u r o tic f a c t o r s o f n a rro w e r r a n g e , su c h a s c y c lo th y m ia , s u rg e n c y , dom in ance, a n x i e t y , i n e u r a s t h e n i a , and t h e i r o p p o s i t e s . The d e s c r i p t i v e l a b e l s 1 g iv e n to e a c h f a c t o r i n d i c a t e an a tte m p t to c o n c e p t u a l i z e them a s e s s e n t i a l l y b i p o l a r i n form and t h e y s u g g e s t t h a t much o f th e m a t e r i a l h a s been a p p l i e d w ith th e abnorm al r a t h e r th a n t h e norm al p e r s o n a l i t y i n m ind. The s h a r p d i s t i n c t i o n w hich C a t t e l l makes betw een c o n s t i t u t i o n a l t r a i t s and e n v ir o n m e n ta l t r a i t s i s n o t I a c c e p te d by many p s y c h o l o g i s t s . Most t r a i t s p r o b a b ly have I c o n t r i b u t i o n s from b o th h e r e d i t a r y and e n v iro n m e n ta l I I s o u r c e s . | I n h i s o p i n io n , C a t t e l l ' s f a c t o r - a n a l y t i c a p p ro a c h :i s a p p r o p r i a t e to th e n a t u r e o f v a r i a b l e s e n c o u n te r e d i n I "■ ................' . 6 th e p e r s o n a l i t y s p h e re w hich he d e f i n e s f u n c t i o n a l l y a s I th e t o t a l number of s i t u a t i o n s t o w hich humans r e a c t . The | p e r s o n a l i t y s p h e re may be c h a r a c t e r i z e d t e c h n i c a l l y by th e j t e r m o b l i q u e , sim p le s t r u c t u r e . Sim ple s t r u c t u r e r e f e r s j | t o a u n iq u e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n o f l o a d in g s i n th e e x t r a c t e d f a c t o r m a t r ix by a p r o c e s s o f r o t a t i o n w hereby th e l o a d i n g s t r u c t u r e i s s i m p l i f i e d and c l a r i f i e d by o b t a i n i n g a m axi- | mum number o f z e r o l o a d i n g s a p p ro a c h in g th e c o n d i t i o n of i j ja s i n g l e s u b s t a n t i a l l o a d i n g f o r e a c h v a r i a b l e . He j |b e l i e v e s t h a t r o t a t i o n to sim p le s t r u c t u r e i s c r i t i c a l f o r m e a n in g fu l i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f f a c t o r s . P re m atu re t e r m i - !n a t i o n o f r o t a t i o n i s b e li e v e d by C a t t e l l t o a c c o u n t f o r I num erous e q u iv o c a l r e s u l t s i n p u b l is h e d f a c t o r s t u d i e s . i i -O blique f a c t o r s a r e c o r r e l a t e d f a c t o r s . C a t t e l l b e l i e v e s I t h a t f a c t o r s i n th e p e r s o n a l i t y s p h e re a r e n a t u r a l l y | I c o r r e l a t e d , a s i l l u s t r a t e d by th e r e l a t i o n s h i p betw een !i n t e l l i g e n c e ( F a c t o r B) and e g o - s t r e n g t h ( F a c t o r C ). R e se a rc h w i t h c o l l e g e s t u d e n t s h as shown t h a t e g o - s t r e n g t h i i s p o s i t i v e l y r e l a t e d to s u c c e s s i n a c h ie v e m e n t exam i- !n a t i o n s . | C a t t e l l p o i n t s o u t t h a t | Among th o s e who have p a sse d c o l l e g e e n tr a n c e e x am i n a t i o n s we m ig h t t h e r e f o r e e x p e c t a s l i g h t n e g a t i v e j c o r r e l a t i o n o f t h e s e f a c t o r s . F o r th e b r i l l i a n t I s t u d e n t can g e t th ro u g h d e s p i t e p o o r s t a b i l i t y , w hereas th e p e r s o n lo w e r i n i n t e l l i g e n c e must be h i g h e r i n e g o - s t r e n g t h i f he i s to e n t e r c o l l e g e . T his i s e x a c t l y w hat th e h y p e r p la n e s fo u n d i n th e f a c t o r p l o t s b e a r o u t . (l957> P. 309) r '......... " ■ “ .........................'...................... 7 ..... i j • i I ’I n h i s e x p e r i e n c e , o b liq u e s im p le s t r u c t u r e h as been j i j ■ fo u n d to be s t a b l e i n s t u d i e s f o r new s a m p le s , b u t r e p l i c a t i o n h a s n o t b e en p o s s i b l e w ith o r th o g o n a l s t r u c t u r e . i j Hence he r e g a r d s t h e o r e t i c a l a rg u m e n ts w hich f a v o r th e j | m a th e m a tic a l s i m p l i c i t y o f o r th o g o n a l v e c t o r s a s a r t i - I f i c i a l and he d i s m i s s e s ’’o r t h o g o n a l sim p le s t r u c t u r e ” a s | i | an i n h e r e n t c o n t r a d i c t i o n w hich would s a c r i f i c e s t a b i l i t y . I o f f a c t o r s t r u c t u r e i n r e p l i c a t i o n t o ’’th e m a th e m a tic a l | | p u r i t y of p e r p e n d i c u l a r c o o r d i n a t e s . ” I ! O b liq u e r o t a t i o n r e s u l t s i n t r a i t s w hich a r e them - i s e l v e s c o r r e l a t e d . Such a n a n a l y s i s i s in c o m p le te and j I ■ |m o st p r o b a b ly u n i n t e r p r e t a b l e u n l e s s a s e c o n d - o r d e r f a c t o r !a n a l y s i s i s c a r r i e d o u t to a c c o u n t f o r th e i n t e r c o r - ! I r e l a t i o n s among p r im a r y t r a i t s . i 1 | !G u i l f o r d 's V ie w p o in t I In h i s book P e r s o n a l i t y , G u i l f o r d re v ie w s much o f |t h e p r e v i o u s work i n p e r s o n a l i t y and p r e s e n t s h i s own v ie w p o in t (1 9 5 9 ). I F iv e common d e f i n i t i o n - t y p e s ( c o n c e p tio n ) o f p e r - ] j s o n a l i t y a r e : p e r s o n a l i t y a s a s t i m u l u s , omnibus d e f i n i t i o n s , i n t e g r a t i v e d e f i n i t i o n s , t o t a l i t y d e f i n i t i o n s , i ■ I and p e r s o n a l i t y a s a d j u s t m e n t . G u i l f o r d 's w o rk in g j d e f i n i t i o n i s t h a t an I n d i v i d u a l ' s p e r s o n a l i t y i s ' h i s j u n iq u e p a t t e r n o f t r a i t s , w hich i s a lo n g th e i n t e g r a t i v e I ty p e o f d e f i n i t i o n , b u t w i t h a m a jo r e m p h asis on i n d i v i d u a l ; ! d iff e r e n c e s . A t r a i t i s d efin ed as "any d istin g u ish a b le , | | r e l a t i v e l y enduring way in which one in d iv id u a l d if f e r s j | from o th e rs." (1959* p. 6) i • , i G u ilfo rd 's approach i s one of comhining th e exp ert- j mental method w ith fa cto r a n a ly s is . This version o f the j I s c i e n t i f i c method i s used to an alyze and p redict behavior, j Two f o c i o f a tte n t io n in behavior are the person, | | j in clu d in g h is t r a i t s and organic co n d itio n , and the j s it u a tio n . The experim ental approach can be used to I : |e v a lu a te the e f f e c t o f one or two of the many v a r ia b le s in j j ! I b ehavior, w hile sim u ltaneously c o n t r o llin g the in flu e n c e ! ! of oth er v a r ia b le s . By the use. o f fa c to r a n a ly s is , i t i s j I p o s s ib le to estim a te the e x te n t to which a ce rta in tr a it determ ines behavior in a c e r ta in ( t e s t ) s it u a tio n . I i i I j ! His treatm ent of the stru ctu r e of p e r s o n a lity is ] ; |comprehensive and n e c e s s a r ily extended. The stru ctu re i s j ! - i | s p l i t up in to various areas, each with many f a c t o r s . One : i ; com plaint that has been le v e le d a g a in st the fa c to r anal- |y s i s approach, i s th at each new a c t i v i t y in trod u ces a new I ; |f a c t o r . This i s tru e, up to a l i m i t . The lim it i s reached when the components of the new a c t i v i t y have p rev io u sly been an alyzed. Even so , the number o f fa c to r s j i n ecessa ry to d esc rib e p e r s o n a lity i s staggerin g - up in the j hundreds. 1 A major co n trib u tio n of G uilford to p e r so n a lity j theory i s h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n system which brings order i n t o th e chaos o f f a c t o r s . The m a jo r d im e n s io n a l a r e a s o r m o d a l i t i e s a r e : s o m a tic , a p t i t u d e , tem p era m en t, i ! h o r m e t i c , and p a t h o l o g i c a l . W ith in each a r e a i s a two - o r th r e e - w a y c l a s s i f i c a t i o n scheme to o r g a n i z e th e many !d im e n s io n s ( f a c t o r s ) . 1 i | To G u i l f o r d , f a c t o r a n a l y s i s i s t h e m ost p o w e rfu l t e c h n iq u e a v a i l a b l e f o r s t u d y i n g p e r s o n a l i t y . U n f o r tu - | . I n a t e l y to o many o f th e p u b l is h e d f a c t o r a n a l y t i c s t u d i e s have n o t met th e e x p e r i m e n t a l r e q u i r e m e n ts n e c e s s a r y f o r th e e f f e c t i v e u s e o f t h i s te c h n iq u e (1 9 5 2 ). G u i l f o r d f a v o r s th e o r th o g o n a l m ethod i n w hich th e a x e s m a i n t a i n t h e i r 9 0 - d e g re e s e p a r a t i o n s and t h e i r in d e p e n d e n c e a f t e r r o t a t i o n . I n o b liq u e r o t a t i o n s , e a c h a x i s i s r o t a t e d s e p a r a t e l y w i t h o u t r e g a r d to m a i n t a i n i n g In d e p e n d e n c e . . . . One m u st keep t r a c k o f th e p o s i t i o n s o f r e f e r e n c e a x e s and t h e i r i n t e r c o r r e l a t i o n s . R e f e re n c e a x e s i n o b l iq u e s t r u c t u r e s no l o n g e r e x a c t l y s t a n d f o r i n t e r p r e t a b l e f a c t o r s . (1 9 5 4 , p. 501) | P e r s o n a l i t y I n v e n t o r y D evelopm ent I As a r e s u l t of t h e i r work on p e r s o n a l i t y , C a t t e l l I I land G u i l f o r d e a c h h as d e v e lo p e d p e r s o n a l i t y i n v e n t o r i e s by u s i n g t h e i r p a r t i c u l a r o r i e n t a t i o n to f a c t o r a n a l y s i s , C a t t e l l th e o b l iq u e r o t a t i o n m ethod and G u i l f o r d th e o r t h o g o n a l r o t a t i o n m ethod. | B ackground o f th e 16 P e r s o n a l i t y F a c t o r Q u e s t i o n n a i r e I n h i s a t t e m p t t o a r r i v e a t a c o m p re h e n siv e d e s c r i p t i o n o f p e r s o n a l i t y , C a t t e l l began by a s s e m b lin g a l l 10 p e r s o n a l i t y t r a i t names o c c u r r i n g e i t h e r i n th e d i c t i o n a r y o r i n th e p s y c h i a t r i c o r p s y c h o l o g i c a l l i t e r a t u r e . T h is l i s t was f i r s t re d u c e d to 171 t r a i t names by com bining o b v io u s synonyms. T his 171 t r a i t l i s t was th e n u se d i n o b t a i n i n g " b e h a v io r r a t i n g s " on a g ro u p of 100 a d u l t I s u b j e c t s . On th e b a s i s o f th e i n t e r c o r r e l a t i o n s among t h e s e r a t i n g s , th e t r a i t s were combined i n t o 35 " n u c l e a r | c l u s t e r s . " (1946) l R a tin g s on 208 men by two in d e p e n d e n t r a t e r s were n e x t o b ta in e d f o r each of th e 35 t r a i t s . A f a c t o r j a n a l y s i s o f th e i n t e r c o r r e l a t i o n s among th e 35 t r a i t s le d i I to a f u r t h e r r e d u c t i o n of th e number o f t r a i t s to 12 . i 1 These 12 t r a i t s C a t t e l l d e s c r i b e s a s "the p rim a ry s o u rc e t r a i t s of p e r s o n a l i t y . " i I i I t i s q u i t e p r o b a b le t h a t t h e r e were more th a n 35 t r a i t c l u s t e r s and some o f th e s e were e l i m i n a t e d d u r i n g |t h e r a t i n g s . I n a d d i t i o n t o t h i s t h e r e were u n d o u b te d ly | |p ro b le m s r e s u l t i n g from th e " b e h a v io r r a t i n g s " by r a t e r s . i iG u ilf o r d d i s d u s s e s e r r o r s i n r a t i n g s . These e r r o r s i n c l u d e th e e r r o r of c e n t r a l te n d e n c y , e r r o r o f l e n i e n c y , and th e h a lo e f f e c t (1 9 5 4 ). R a tin g s a r e n o t v e ry good when, f o r b r e v i t y , th e i n v e s t i g a t o r m e re ly a s k s w h e th e r a s u b j e c t i s " h o n e s t , " " a l e r t , " " s o c i a b l e , " o r " c h e e r f u l . " These r a t i n g s a r e p r a c t i c a l l y u s e l e s s f o r m ost ju d g e s h a te t o b ran d anyone as h a v in g s o c i a l l y u n d e s i r a b l e t r a i t s . A n o th e r method i s t o l i s t s u p p o s e d ly o p p o s ite t r a i t s and to a s k w h e th e r a s u b j e c t i s n e a r e r to one o r a n o t h e r end o f e a c h b i p o l a r j v a r i a b l e , e . g . : b o a s t f u l - m o d e s t , o p t i m i s t i c - p e s s i m i s t i c . j These r a t i n g s have l i t t l e d e s c r i p t i v e v a lu e f o r th e y j j assume t r a i t c o n s i s t e n c y w hich h as n o t been v e r i f i e d i n • i d e t a i l e d s t u d i e s . I n a n o t h e r s i t u a t i o n a g r a p h ic o r | ! j | n u m e r ic a l r a t i n g s c a l e may be s e t up t o g iv e an im p r e s s io n t o f s c i e n t i f i c a c c u r a c y . U n le ss eac h s c a l e p o i n t i s d e - | f i n e d i n term s o f o b s e r v a b le b e h a v i o r , t h e r e i s p ro b a b ly i l i t t l e r e l a t i o n s h i p betw een th e number o f p o i n t s on th e j ! s c a l e and th e a c t u a l t r a i t p o s i t i o n . The added p o i n t s | m e re ly p e rm it more r e l i a b l e m easurem ent o f a j u d g e 's |te n d e n c y to f a v o r c e r t a i n p a r t s o f a s c a l e , o r to s p r e a d I h i s r a t i n g s o v e r th e e n t i r e s c a l e . | Any a m b ig u ity o f s c a l e p o i n t s w i l l p e r m it any one |o f th e t h r e e e r r o r s i n r a t i n g s m en tio n ed a b o v e . Such ; | e r r o r s w i l l m ost p ro b a b ly r e s u l t i n s p u r io u s c o r r e l a t i o n s i - i i - ; |w hich s h o u ld n o t be used i n f a c t o r a n a l y t i c a l i n v e s t ! - j ■ i g a t i o n s . j i To m easure th e p e r s o n a l i t y f a c t o r s i d e n t i f i e d | th ro u g h su c h f a c t o r i a l r e s e a r c h , C a t t e l l d e v is e d w hat he j j term ed The S i x t e e n P e r s o n a l i t y F a c t o r Q u e s tio n n a ir e | (1 9 5 0 ). I n t h i s i n v e n t o r y a r e found s c a l e s o f the 12 : " so u rc e t r a i t s " p r e v i o u s l y i d e n t i f i e d from b e h a v io r r a t i n g d a t a , t o g e t h e r w ith f o u r a d d i t i o n a l f a c t o r s w hich had | emerged from f a c t o r i a l a n a l y s e s o f q u e s t i o n n a i r e s o n ly . j The s i x t e e n f a c t o r s in c lu d e d i n the i n v e n t o r y a r e d e s i g n a t e d a s f o l l o w s : A C yclothym ia v s. s c h iz o th y m ia B G e n era l i n t e l l i g e n c e v s . m en tal d e f e c t C E m o tio n al s t a b i l i t y v s . d i s s a t i s f i e d e m o tio n a l i t y | E Dominance o r a sc e n d a n c e v s . su b m issio n i F S urg en cy v s . d e su rg e n c y ( E n t h u s i a s t i c v s, (Glum* s o b e r , s e r i o u s ) H a p p y -g o -lu ck y ) I G C h a r a c te r o r s u p e r - e g o s t r e n g t h v s . l a c k o f ( C o n s c i e n t io u s , r i g i d i n t e r n a l s t a n d a r d s j p e r s i s t e n t ) ( C a s u a l, u n d e p en d a b le ) H Parm ia v s . t h r e c t i a j (A d v e n tu ro u s, t h i c k - s k i n n e d ) v s. (s h y , tim id ) i I Prem sia v s . h a r r i a ( S e n s i t i v e , dem anding) v s . (to u g h , r e a l i s t i c ) ! L P r o t e n s i o n v s . r e l a x e d s e c u r i t y j ( S u s p e c tin g , j e a l o u s ) v s . ( a c c e p t i n g , a d a p t a b l e ) j M A u tia v s . p r a x e r n i a (Bohemian i n t r o v e r t e d , v s. ( p r a c t i c a l , c o n ce rn e d | a b s e n t-m in d e d w ith f a c t s ) N Shrew dness v s . n a i v e t e ( S o p h i s t i c a t e d , v s . (s im p le , u n p r e t e n t i o u s ) p o l is h e d ) I 0 G u i l t p ro n e n e ss v s . c o n f i d e n t ad eq uacy I (T im id , i n s e c u r e ) ( c o n f i d e n t , s e l f - s e c u r e ) | Q -i R a d ic a lis m v s . c o n s e r v a tis m o f tem peram ent j ! Qg S e l f - s u f f i c i e n c y v s . grou p dependency j Qo High s e l f - s e n t i m e n t fo r m a tio n v s , p oor s e l f - | ( C o n t r o l l e d , e x a c t i n g s e n tim e n t f o r m a tio n i w i l l power) ( U n c o n tr o lle d , l a x ) ; j Q4 High e r g i c t e n s i o n v s . low e r g i c t e n s i o n j (T en se , e x c i t a b l e ) (p h le g m a tic , composed) | 1 3 The i n v e n t o r y i s a v a i l a b l e i n two p a r a l l e l fo rm s, A and 33, e a c h c o n t a i n i n g 187 i t e m s . The use o f b o th form s t o g e t h e r i s a d v o c a te d f o r g r e a t e r r e l i a b i l i t y . Even when j iso com bined, th e r e l i a b i l i t i e s of th e s e p a r a t e t r a i t j i • 1 s c o r e s ra n g e from .5 0 t o .8 8 . No in f o r m a ti o n i s g iv e n i n | th e manual r e g a r d i n g th e f a c t o r i a l s a t u r a t i o n o f the i n - t i d i v i d u a l s c o r e s . The i n t e r c o r r e l a t i o n s among f a c t o r ! | s c o r e s ran g e from - 0 . 4 7 to 0.33 * w ith the m a j o r i t y b e in g j ! i n the ran g e - 0 .1 5 t o O .1 5 . T here a r e no i n d i c a t i o n s of j th e c o r r e l a t i o n of f a c t o r s c o r e s w ith o t h e r p e r s o n a l i t y I m e a su re s. The v a l i d i t y of th e i n v e n t o r y re m a in s to be e m p i r i c a l l y d e m o n s tr a te d , a lth o u g h a m b itio u s v a l i d a t i o n p l a n s a re m entioned i n the m anu al. Only p r e l i m i n a r y norms b a se d on r e l a t i v e l y s m a ll sam p les o f c o lle g e s t u d e n t s and | u n s e l e c t e d a d u l t s a r e g iv e n . I i L ev onian i n t e r c o r r e l a t e d th e f a c t o r s c o r e s and th e ii terns i n Form A o f th e 1956 C a t t e l l i n v e n t o r y . His i j : |i n s p e c t i o n o f th e i n t e r c o r r e l a t i o n m a tr ix r e v e a l e d th e i j ; f o l lo w in g f a c t s : ( l ) of th e 1 6 ,8 3 6 i n t e r - i t e m c o r r e l a t i o n s , 1 ,6 1 2 a r e j s i g n i f i c a n t ; (2) o f th e s e 1 ,6 1 2 , only 183 a r e i n t r a f a c t o r c o r r e l a t i o n s ; ( 3 ) o f th e s e 183 s i g n i f i c a n t c o r r e l a t i o n s , 19 a r e i n a d i r e c t i o n o p p o s i t e from t h a t i n te n d e d by th e t e s t d e s i g n e r s ; (4) 5 6 ite m s have no s i g n i f i c a n t i n t r a - f a c t o r c o r r e l a t i o n ; (5 ) 43 ite m s have no s i g n i f i c a n t i n t r a - f a c t o r c o r r e l a t i o n s , b u t have a t l e a s t 5 s i g n i f i c a n t e x t r a - f a c t o r c o r r e l a t i o n s ; and (6 ) 20 ite m s have no s i g n i f i c a n t i n t r a - i f a c t o r c o r r e l a t i o n s , b u t have s i g n i f i c a n t e x t r a - f a c t o r i c o r r e l a t i o n s i n o v e r 50 p e r c e n t o f the o t h e r f a c t o r s . I (1961, p . 591) I 14 L ev o n ian c o n c lu d e d t h a t th e e x trem e h e t e r o g e n i e t y d e m o n s tr a te d i n h i s s tu d y w a r r a n te d a c r i t i c a l a p p r a i s a l o f th e 16 PF Q u e s t i o n n a i r e . ! i I - L ev o n ian u n d e r to o k a seco nd s tu d y t o d e te r m in e j w h e th e r i t was p o s s i b l e to s t a t i s t i c a l l y s e l e c t i te m s from i th e 16 PF Q u e s t i o n n a i r e f o r d e r i v e d s c a l e s t h a t would show j i g r e a t e r i te m h o m o g en eity and h i g h e r r e l i a b i l i t y . ( 1 9 6 1 ) I i j He a d m i n i s t e r e d t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e t o two g ro u p s of j s t u d e n t s , u s i n g t h e f i r s t g ro u p f o r s t a t i s t i c a l s e l e c t i o n ! of i t e m s . The 44 ite m s s e l e c t e d by t h i s method w ere s c o r e d on a se co n d gro up o f s u b j e c t s and th e s c o r e s i n t e r - j c o r r e l a t e d and f a c t o r a n a l y z e d . On th e b a s i s of ite m c o n t e n t th e f o u r d e r i v e d s c a l e s a p p e a re d t o m easure s o c i a l in v o lv e m e n t, e q u a n im ity , p e r m i s s i v e n e s s , and p resu m p t u o u s n e s s . The s t a t i s t i c a l r e s u l t s i n d i c a t e d th e d e r i v e d q u e s t i o n n a i r e had a h i g h e r s t a b i l i t y and a g r e a t e r i i I h o m o g en e ity among ite m s w i t h i n e a c h s c a l e th a n d o e s th e ! i ; j 16 PF Q u e s t i o n n a i r e . i Gomrey and S o u f i a n a ly z e d n i n e t e e n p e r s o n a l i t y l f a c t o r s , m ost o f w h ich had b e en p r e v i o u s l y d e s c r i b e d by G u i l f o r d , by w r i t i n g ite m s t o m easure t h e s e f a c t o r s ( 1 9 6 1 ) . j Most o f th e h y p o t h e s iz e d f a c t o r s em erged. Among th e i f a c t o r s i d e n t i f i e d were C a t t e l l ' s S u p e r Ego S t r e n g t h and C y clo th m ia v s . S c h iz o th y m ia , a l t h o u g h th e a u t h o r s a d m it j th e l o a d i n g s w ere s m a ll , t h a t th e Ite m s may have b een p o o r ; i t e m s , and t h a t t h e sy ste m o f r o t a t i o n was d i f f e r e n t from ; 15 1 t h a t used by C a t t e l l . I I ! | C o n tin u in g work on h i s f a c t o r s and t e s t s i n h i s i l a b o r a t o r y , C a t t e l l p u b lis h e d h i s m onumental work, P e r s o n - ; a l i t y and M o tiv a tio n S t r u c t u r e and M easurem ent (1 9 5 7 ). i j I n a com prehensive re v ie w of C a t t e l l ' s book and c o n t r i - j b u t t o n s , S e l l s s t a t e d t h a t " th e s e i m p o r t a n t r e s u l t s i r e q u i r e in d e p e n d e n t c o n f i r m a t i o n i n a w e ll c o n d u cted s tu d y ; I ■ ' * ' i o f a d e q u a te sam ple s i z e . " (1959) l ; | As a r e s u l t o f h i s f u r t h e r r e s e a r c h , C a t t e l l r e v i s e d th e 16 PF Q u e s t i o n n a i r e (1 9 5 7 ). I n th e r e v i s e d i n v e n t o r y , he fo u n d th e s p l i t - h a l f c o n s i s t e n c y c o e f f i c i e n t s ; ra n g e from 0 .7 1 f o r F a c t o r 0.-^ to 0 .9 3 f o r F a c t o r C, i n Forms A and B com bined. The mean v a l i d i t i e s f o r Forms A and B e s t im a t e d from th e known f a c t o r lo a d in g s of th e ite m s j i n th e o r i g i n a l r e s e a r c h e s ra n g e from 0 .7 4 on F a c to r Qj ' i t o 0 .9 6 on F a c t o r s H and Q4 . Assuming t h a t th e i te m s have ; |no " s p e c i f i c " i n common b u t o n ly a common f a c t o r , C a t t e l l j u se d th e fo rm u la o f v a l i d i t y e q u a ls th e sq u a re r o o t o f th e s p l i t - h a l f r e l i a b i l i t y and o b t a i n e d v a l i d i t y c o e f f i c i e n t s r a n g in g fro m 0 ,8 4 on F a c to r Qj to 0 .9 6 on F a c t o r C. C a t t e l l sum m arizes s e v e r a l in d e p e n d e n t r e s e a r c h e s , p r i m a r i l y i n th e a r e a of o c c u p a t i o n a l s e l e c t i o n . j The f a c t o r s i n th e S i x t e e n P e r s o n a l i t y F a c t o r Q u e s t i o n n a i r e a r e d e s c r i b e d a s f o l l o w s : F a c t o r A— C y c lo th y m ia, A+ v e r s u s S c h iz o th y m ia , A-; Good n a t u r e d , e a s y g o in g v s . a g g r e s s i v e , g r a s p i n g , c r i t i c a l ; re a d y to c o - o p e r a t e v s . j o b s t r u c t i v e ; a t t e n t i v e to p e o p le v s . c o o l, ! | a l o o f ; s o f t h e a r t e d , k i n d l y v s . h a r d , p r e c i s e ; t r u s t f u l v s . s u s p i c i o u s ; a d a p t a b l e i v s .1 r i g i d ; warm h e a r t e d v s . c o ld . T h is f a c t o r c o rre s p o n d s m ost c l o s e l y to th e b a s i c d ichotom y i n p s y c h i a t r y betw een th e s c h i z o i d and th e j c y c l i c a l ( m a n ic - d e p r e s s iv e ) p s y c h o s e s . The r a t i n g f o r i " o s c i l l a t i o n o f mood" a l s o som etim es a p p e a rs on the p o s i t i v e p o le b u t th e m ost c o n s i s t e n t f e a t u r e s o f c y c l o - ! thym ia a r e e a s y - g o i n g n e s s , a c c e s s i b l e e m o tio n s , and i | i n t e r e s t i n p e o p le . ' I F a c t o r B— G e n e ra l I n t e l l i g e n c e , B+ v e rs u s M ental D e f e c t, B -; j C o n s c ie n tio u s v s . o f low er m o ra ls ; i p e r s e v e r i n g v s . q u i t t i n g ; I n t e l l e c t u a l , ! c u l t u r e d v s . b o o r i s h , j These a s s o c i a t e d q u a l i t i e s a r e n o t v e ry h i g h l y I lo a d e d , b e in g o f th e o r d e r o f .3 and .4-, and i n d i c a t e o n ly ; a m oderate te n d e n c y f o r th e more i n t e l l i g e n t p e rs o n t o j i have somewhat more m orale, p e r s is te n c e , and"Strength of i n t e r e s t . ] F a c t o r C --E m o tio n al S t a b i l i t y o r Ego S t r e n g t h , C+ | j i V ersu s D i s s a t i s f i e d E m o t i o n a l i t y , C-; E m o tio n a lly m ature v s . l a c k in g i n f r u s - j | j t r a t i o n t o l e r a n c e ; e m o t i o n a l ly s t a b l e v s. changeable, (in a t t it u d e s ) ; calm, phlegm atic v s. showing general em o tio n a lity ; r e a l i s t i c about l i f e v s. ev a siv e (on awkward is s u e s and in fa c in g personal d e c is io n s ); absence of n eu ro tic fa tig u e v s. n e u r o tic a lly fa tig u e d ; p la cid v s. worrying. This fa c to r i s one of dynamic in te g r a tio n and m aturity as opposed to gen eral e m o tio n a lity . The pattern has been shown to e x i s t among normals as w ell as in groups of n e u r o tic s , and in the l a t t e r has been c a lle d by Eysenck, "general n e u r o tic is m ." In i t s p o s it iv e sense i t seems to be what the p sych oanalysts are attem pting to i ! d escrib e by the n o tio n of ego stre n g th . | Factor E--Dominance or Ascendance, E+ versus | Subm ission, E-; I A s s e r tiv e , s e lf-a s s u r e d v s. subm issive; I independent minded vs. dependent; hard, i s t e m v s . k in d ly , so ft-h e a r te d ; solemn v s. | ex p r e ssiv e ; unconventional v s. con ven tion al; j tough v s. e a s ily u p set; a tte n tio n g e ttin g | v s. s e l f - s u f f i c i e n t . | ' I Here we have the well-known f a c to r of dominance ! which has been in v e s tig a te d by Maslow, A llp o r t, and oth ers j in human b ein g s, and in animals by se v e r a l experim en ters. j I t appears to have a somewhat d if f e r e n t loading p attern j | fo r men than fo r women. In women the dominance t r a i t s , “ 18 hypochondriacal, s o c ia lly - p o is e d , prominent, and a t t e n t io n - g e tt in g are more h ig h ly loaded than they are in men. Factor F --Surgency, F+ versus Desurgency, F -; T alkative v s. s i l e n t , in tr o s p e c tiv e ; ch eerfu l v s . depressed; seren e, happy-go- lucky v s. concerned, brooding; frank, e x p re ssiv e v s. incom m unicative, smug; quick and a le r t v s. lan gu id , slow . This i s one of the most important components in e x tr a v e r sio n . I t i s apparently the same dimension as the s ta te o f e l a t i o n - v s . -d e p r essio n , along which p sy ch o tics can swing to abnormal, manic and d e p r e ssiv e , m elancholic extrem es. Factor G--Character or Super-Ego S tren gth , G+ versus Lack of R igid In te rn a l Standards, G-; P erseverin g, determined v s. q u itt in g , f i c k l e ; resp o n sib le v s. f r iv o lo u s ; em otion ally mature v s . demanding, im patien t, c o n s is t e n t ly .ordered v s. re la x ed , in d o len t; c o n sc ie n tio u s v s. undependable; a t te n t iv e to people v s. o b s tr u c tiv e . This f a c t o r , which has some s u p e r f ic ia l resemblance to C in th at i t a ls o i s in d ic a tiv e o f s e lf - c o n t r o lle d ra th er than em otional b ehavior, i s ch aracterized most by energy and p e r s is te n c e . 19 F actor H—Parmia, H+ versu s T h rectia , H-; Adventurous, l i k e s m eeting people v s. shy, withdrawn; a c t iv e , overt in t e r e s t in o p p osite sex v s . r e t ir in g in fa c e of o p p o site sex; r e sp o n siv e , g e n ia l v s . a lo o f , | | co ld , s e lf- c o n ta in e d ; f r ie n d ly v s . apt to be em bittered; im p u lsive and f r iv o lo u s v s. r e str a in e d , c o n sc ie n tio u s; em otional and a r t i s t i c in t e r e s t v s . r e s t r ic t e d i n t e r e s t s ; c a r e fr e e , does n ot see danger s ig n a ls v s. c a r e fu l, c o n sid e r a te , quick to se e dangers. ! | This i s a w e ll-d e fin e d fa c t o r which has been r e - j p eated ly d isco v ered both in r a tin g s and in q u e stio n n a ir e s. I I t i s probably th at H- r e p r ese n ts the b a s ic , in n a te , le p to so m a tic , schizothyme temperament, showing the w ith drawn, c a r e fu l, “w ell-behaved" syndrome which sometimes j i s found in the s c h iz o id p r e -p sy c h o tic s (but which i s q u ite normal apart from traum atic circu m sta n ces). F actor I —Prem sia, 1+ versus H arria, I - ; j Demanding, im p a tie n t, s u b je c tiv e v s. r e a l - j i s t i c , ex p ects l i t t l e ; dependent, seek in g I help v s. s e l f - r e l i a n t , tak in g r e s p o n s ib ilit y ; k in d ly , g e n tle v s. hard ( to p o in t o f j i cy o ic ism ); a r t i s t i c a l l y f a s t i d i o u s , a f fe c te d j i v s. few a r t i s t i c resp on ses (but n o t la c k in g j i t a s t e ) ; Im agin ative in in n e r l i f e and in 20 c o n v e r s a t i o n v s. u n a f f e c t e d by '‘F a n c i e s "; a c t s on s e n s i t i v e i n t u i t i o n v s . a c t s on I p r a c t i c a l , l o g i c a l e v id e n c e ; a t t e n t i o n s e e k i n g , f r i v o l o u s v s . s e l f - s u f f i c i e n t ; I h y p o c h o n d r ia c a l, a n x io u s v s . unaware o f p h y s i c a l d i s a b i l i t i e s . I n v a r io u s q u e s t i o n n a i r e s t u d i e s , th e p rem sic 1 + j i I p e rs o n has shown a f a s t i d i o u s d i s l i k e of " c ru d e " p e o p le j j and rough o c c u p a ti o n s , a l i k i n g f o r t r a v e l and new ! i e x p e r i e n c e s , a l a b i l e ( in d e e d , u n s t a b l e ) , i m a g i n a t i v e , | a e s t h e t i c m ind, a lo v e o f d r a m a t i c s , and a c e r t a i n i m p r a c t i c a l i t y i n g e n e r a l a f f a i r s . Group p e rfo rm a n c e s te n d t o be p o o r e r w ith h i g h e r a v e r a g e I + , w h ile I - i n d i - j | |v i d u a I s r e c e i v e s i g n i f i c a n t l y more d e s c r i p t i o n s a s f u s s i n g , ! Is lo w in g -u p group p e rfo rm a n c e i n a r r i v i n g a t d e c i s i o n s , and j [making" s o c i a l - e m o t i o n a l n e g a tiv e (m orale u p s e t t i n g ) ! j | jre m a rk s . I - th u s r e p r e s e n t s some s o r t o f to u g h , m a s c u l in e ,! | p r a c t i c a l , m a tu re , g r o u p - s o l i d a r i t y - g e n e r a t i n g , and | | r e a l i s t i c (n o -n o n se n se ) tem p eram en tal d im e n sio n . I ! | F a c t o r L— P r o t e n s i o n (P a ra n o id T en d en cy ), L + v e r s u s i R elax ed S e c u r i t y , L -; J e a l o u s v s . a c c e p t i n g ; i ! S e l f - s u f f i c i e n t v s. o u t - g o i n g ; s u s p i c i o u s v s . | t r u s t f u l ; w ith -d ra w n , b ro o d in g v s. open, ! ■ i re a d y t o ta k e a c h an g e ; t y r a n n i c a l v s . I i u n d e r s t a n d i n g and p e r m i s s i v e , t o l e r a n t ; h a rd j i I v s . s o f t - h e a r t e d ; i r r i t a b l e v s . composed and j 21 c h e e r f u l . i T h is p a t t e r n has r a t h e r l a r g e r v a r i a n c e i n m ale than fem a le p o p u l a t i o n s . I t a l s o shows i t s e l f c l e a r l y i n j abnorm al p o p u l a t i o n s (w ith a d d i t i o n o f " g ra n d io s e p l a n s , " " b e l i e v e s o t h e r s i n f l u e n c e him and t h a t he i s p e r s e c u t e d , " j " a s s a u l t i v e , " e t c . , a t th e p o s i t i v e p o le ) and i s th e n i i I !d e f i n i t e l y the p a ra n o id d i s o r d e r . However, th e te rm | p r o t e n s i o n , s i g n i f y i n g " p r o j e c t i o n and i n n e r t e n s i o n " - - th e e s s e n t i a l s o f th e p a t t e r n - - a r e u sed f o r th e norm al r a n g e . F o r t h e r e i s no n eed to im ply d i s o r d e r , a s | i " p a r a n o id " would (tho ugh th e p e r s o n a l i t y may be unpop- j u l a r ) , a n d , i n d e e d , t h e r e a r e some v e ry p o s i t i v e p e r fo rm an ces a s s o c i a t e d w ith p r o t e n s i o n i n c r e a t i v e f i e l d s , , e . g . , o f f r i e n d l y r e l a x a t i o n and p e rh a p s lack: o f a m b itio n j and s t r i v i n g . j F a c t o r M --A u tia , M+ v e rs u s P r a x e r n i a , M-; j i i U n c o n v e n tio n a l, s e l f - a b s o r b e d v s. c onv en - i 1 I t i o n a l , a l e r t to p r a c t i c a l n e e d s ; i n t e r e s t e d ! | i n a r t , th e o r y , b a s i c b e l i e f s v s. i n t e r e s t s j ‘ I j n arro w ed t o im m ediate i s s u e s ; i m a g i n a t i v e , I ; c r e a t i v e v s . no s p o n ta n e o u s c r e a t i v i t y ; j | f r i v o l o u s , im m ature i n p r a c t i c a l judgm ent j v s . sound, r e a l i s t i c , d e p e n d a b le , p r a c t i c a l 3 ju d g m en t; g e n e r a l l y c h e e r f u l , b u t o c c a s i o n a l j h y s t e r i c a l sw ings of " g i v in g up" v s . e a r n e s t , ! i ! c o n ce rn e d o r w o r r ie d , b u t v e ry s t e a d y . j I 22 I T his i s a s u b t l e p a t t e r n , c o m p e llin g one to a d o p t i n th e r a t i n g th e above complex p h r a s e s i n s t e a d o f common j te r m s . A ltho ugh M+ i s n o t th e p o p u la r c o n c e p t o f th e | | i n t r o v e r t , i t i s a c t u a l l y the m ost c e n t r a l f a c t o r i n th e second o r d e r i n t r o v e r s i o n f a c t o r . E s s e n t i a l l y the M+ p e rs o n h as an i n t e n s e s u b j e c t i v i t y and i n n e r m en tal l i f e . A lthough c h e e r f u l and i r r e s p o n s i b l e on p r a c t i c a l m a t t e r s he a c t u a l l y has h i g h e r i n t e r n a l , spasm odic a n x i e t y t e n s i o n s th a n th e p r a x e m i c p e r s o n , w alks and t a l k s i n h i s s l e e p , and a l t e r n a t e s p e r i o d s o f p l a c i d d i s r e g a r d o f p r a c t i c a l c o n s i d e r a t i o n s w ith h y s t e r o i d e p is o d e s of r e l a t i v e l y c h i l d i s h l y d e p e n d e n t b e h a v io r . ! F a c t o r N— S h rew dness, N + v e rs u s N a iv e te , N-; P o l i s h e d , s o c i a l l y a l e r t v s . s o c i a l l y clum sy j , and " n a t u r a l " ; e x a c t , c a l c u l a t i n g mind v s . 1 I vague and s e n t i m e n t a l m ind; a l o o f , e m o tio n - ! | a l l y d i s c i p l i n e d v s . warm, g r e g a r i o u s , j | i s p o n ta n e o u s ; e s t h e t i c a l l y f a s t i d i o u s v s . | | sim p le t a s t e s ; i n s i g h t f u l r e g a r d i n g s e l f v s . j l a c k i n g s e l f i n s i g h t ; i n s i g h t f u l r e g a r d i n g j o t h e r s v s . u n s k i l l e d i n a n a l y z i n g m o tiv e s ; j [ ! a m b i t io u s , p o s s i b l y i n s e c u r e v s . c o n te n t j w ith w hat comes; e x p e d i e n t , " c u t s c o r n e r s 1 ’ v ^ t r u s t s i n a c c e p t e d v a l u e s . j i i T h is f a c t o r i s n o t so w e ll e s t a b l i s h e d i n b e h a v io r j i r a t i n g s a s i n th e q u e s t i o n n a i r e , b u t i f th e a g re e m e n t w ith j 23 the r a t i n g f a c t o r can be t r u s t e d one can add to h ig h N su ch " c r i t e r i a " a s i n g e n i o u s , good a t c l i n i c a l d i a g n o s i s , f l e x i b l e i n v ie w p o in t, a l e r t to m anners, to s o c i a l o b l i g a t i o n s , and to th e s o c i a l r e a c t i o n s of o t h e r s . The p a t t e r n r e p r e s e n t s some form o f i n t e l l e c t u a l - e d u c a t i o n a l i d e v elo p m e n t, n o t to be c o n fu se d w ith i n t e l l i g e n c e , though i t c o r r e l a t e s b o th w ith i n t e l l i g e n c e and dom inance. F a c t o r 0 — G u i l t P ro n e n e s s , 0 + v e rs u s C o n fid e n t j i Adequacy, 0 - ; W o rrying, a n x io u s v s. s e l f - j c o n f i d e n t ; d e p re s s e d v s . c h e e r f u l , r e s i l e n t ; s e n s i t i v e , t e n d e r , e a s i l y u p s e t v s. to u g h , | p l a c i d ; s t r o n g se n se o f d u ty v s . e x p e d ie n t; e x a c t i n g , f u s s y v s. d oes n o t c a r e ; h y p o c h o n d r i a c a l v s . r u d e ly v ig o r o u s ; p h o b ic I symptoms v s. no f e a r s ; moody, l o n e l y , j 1 | j b r o o d in g v s. g iv e n t o sim p le a c t i o n . | E a r l i e r a d ju s tm e n t q u e s t i o n n a i r e s have a t t a c h e d s u c h j ; term s a s " D e p re s siv e T en d e n cy ," "M o o d in e ss," "E m otional ' i | S e n s i t i v i t y , " " S e lf D e p r e c i a t i o n , " and even " N e u ro tic is m " j | t o t h i s f a c t o r , and a l l have some a p t n e s s . As th e a c t u a l | ite m s show, th e 0+ p e rs o n f e e l s o v e r f a t i g u e d by e x c i t i n g j i i j s i t u a t i o n s , i s u n a b le to s l e e p th ro u g h w o rry in g , f e e l s i I in a d e q u a te to m eet th e rough d a i l y demands o f l i f e , i s e a s i l y d ow n h earted and r e m o r s e f u l , f e e l s t h a t p e o p le a r e j n o t a s m o ral a s th e y sh o u ld b e , i s i n c l i n e d to p i e t y , p r e f e r s books and q u i e t i n t e r e s t s to p e o p le and n o i s e , and j 2 4 shows a m ix tu r e o f h y p o c h o n d r ia c a l and n e u r a s t h e n i c sym ptoms, b u t w ith p h o b ia s a n d a n x i e t i e s m ost p r o m in e n t. j | F a c t o r Q q .— Ra d i c a l i s m , Q]_+ v e r s u s C o n se rv a tism of j Tem perament, j T h is f a c t o r h a s n o t a p p e a re d i n b e h a v i o r r a t i n g s and m ust be known th r o u g h th e "m en tal i n t e r i o r " p r e s e n t e d j [ by th e q u e s t i o n n a i r e r e s p o n s e s . N e v e r t h e l e s s , and j I i |a l t h o u g h i t h a s been c l e a r l y fo u n d a s a d im e n sio n e l s e - j I ! w h e re , e . g . , i n c h i l d r e n , a s h av e th e o t h e r f a c t o r s , th e i e v id e n c e p o i n t s t o i t s b e in g more th a n a mere s e t o f a c q u i r e d r a d i c a l p o l i t i c a l and r e l i g i o u s a t t i t u d e s . I t i s | e v i d e n t l y r o o t e d i n b r o a d e r " t e m p e r a m e n ta l," o r g e n e r a l , ; i | p e r s o n a l i t y t r a i t s w h ic h , w ith f i n e r a n a l y s i s , a r e l i k e l y j so on to a p p e a r a l s o i n b e h a v i o r r a t i n g s . F o r th e f a c t o r ! i c e r t a i n l y y i e l d s r e l a t i o n s t o e x t e r n a l c r i t e r i a , a n d , i n ; r e s e a r c h , t h e r e i s e v id e n c e th e p e r s o n s a r e more w e l l - j i in f o r m e d , more i n c l i n e d to e x p e rim e n t w ith p ro b lem j i i i : I s o l u t i o n s , l e s s i n c l i n e d to m o r a l i z e , e t c . The a c t u a l I i i te m s e x p r e s s more i n t e r e s t i n s c ie n c e th a n r e l i g i o n , more i i n t e r e s t i n a n a l y t i c a l t h o u g h t , i n modern e s s a y s , i n j | r e a d i n g a s opposed to c l a s s i n s t r u c t i o n , i n b r e a k i n g th e j c r u s t o f cu stom and t r a d i t i o n , and i n l e a d i n g and p e r - j i s u a d in g p e o p l e . j F a c t o r Qg—S e l f - S u f f i c i e n c y , Q2+ v e r s u s Group j D ependency, Q g -l j T h is f a c t o r , a s i t s Q d e s i g n a t i o n i n d i c a t e s , h a s j 25 a l s o n o t y e t been c a u g h t i n r a t i n g s , b u t a lm o s t c e r t a i n l y w i l l b e . I t i s one o f th e m a jo r f a c t o r s i n i n t r o v e r s i o n . The Ite m s show a p e r s o n who i s r e s o l u t e and acc u sto m e d to m aking h i s own d e c i s i o n s , a l o n e , w h ile a t th e Q2 - p o le we s e e a p e rs o n who g o e s w i t h t h e g ro u p , d e f i n i t e l y v a lu e s s o c i a l a p p r o v a l m ore, and i s c o n v e n t i o n a l and f a s h i o n a b l e . F a c t o r Q3— High S e l f - S e n t i m e n t F o r m a tio n , Q3 + v e r s u s Poor S e l f - S e n t i m e n t F o r m a tio n , I t I s a t f i r s t s t r a n g e t h a t a f a c t o r so l a r g e and o f su c h i m p o r t a n t c r i t e r i o n a s s o c i a t i o n s h as n o t a p p e a re d i n r a t i n g s , b u t t h e re a s o n may a p p e a r i n t h e h y p o t h e s i s . A c c o rd in g t o lo a d e d i t e m s , th e p e r s o n shows s o c i a l l y a p p ro v e d c h a r a c t e r r e s p o n s e s , s e l f c o n t r o l , p e r s i s t e n c e , f o r e s i g h t , c o n s i d e r a t e n e s s o f o t h e r s , and c o n s c i e n t i o u s n e s s . F a c t o r Q ^--H Igh E r g i c T e n s io n , Q4 + v e r s u s Low E r g ic T e n s io n , Q4 - ; I n p s y c h o l o g i c a l I te m c o n t e n t t h i s f a c t o r can be c o n fu s e d w i t h 0+, th o u g h t h e f a c t o r s a r e d e m o n s tr a b ly d i s t i n c t , d e s p i t e s i g n i f i c a n t p o s i t i v e c o r r e l a t i o n . I t i n v o l v e s b e in g i r r a t i o n a l l y w o r r i e d , t e n s e , I r r i t a b l e , a n x i o u s , and i n t u r m o i l . B ackground o f th e G u i l f o r d I n v e n t o r i e s . G u i l f o r d f i r s t began h i s work on p e r s o n a l i t y by i n v e s t i g a t i n g th e c o n c e p t o f I n t r o v e r s i o n - E x t r a v e r s i o n . 2 6 G u ilf o r d and h i s w ife s e l e c t e d 35 q u e s t i o n n a i r e ite m s w hich r e p r e s e n t e d r e c o g n iz e d q u a l i t i e s of I n t r o v e r s i o n - E x t r a v e r s i o n . These ite m s were a d m i n i s t e r e d t o a l a r g e j sam ple o f 930 s u b j e c t s and t e t r a c h o r i c c o r r e l a t i o n s were j | | c a lc u la te d . The cen tro id fa c to r a n a ly sis revealed 5 j I meaningful fa c to r s : S o c ia l In tr o v e r sio n , E m otion ality, j | M a s c u l in i t y , T h in k in g I n t r o v e r s i o n , and Rhathymia (1 9 3 6 ). j Two a d d i t i o n a l s t u d i e s by th e G u ilf o r d s r e s u l t e d i n j i i th e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f f o u r a d d i t i o n a l f a c t o r s : j j D epression, A le r tn e ss, N ervousness, and General Drive j i (1 9 3 9 ). ! Using the inform ation from th ese e a r ly stu d ie s on In tr o v er sio n -E x tr a v ersio n , G uilford developed the I I n v e n t o r y of F a c t o r s STDCR, and c o l l a b o r a t i n g w ith M a r tin , j d e v e lo p e d th e I n v e n t o r y o f F a c t o r s GAMIN (1940; 1 9 4 3 ). i j The f a c t o r s i n th e I n v e n t o r y o f F a c t o r s STDCR a r e j i ; j d e f i n e d a s f o l l o w s : i j ; S -S o c ia l in tr o v e r sio n -e x tr a v e r s io n ; ten d en cies to ! i | I |s h y n e s s and even s e c l u s i v e n e s s a s c o n t r a s t e d w i t h s o c i a - | i j b i l i t y and "good-mixer" q u a l i t i e s . ! T-Thinking in tr o v e r sio n -e x tr a v e r s io n ; ten d en cies to j i m e d i t a t i v e , r e f l e c t i v e , o r p h i l o s o p h i c a l t h i n k i n g a s c o n t r a s t e d w ith o v e r t a c t i v i t y . D -D epression; tendency to be p e s s im is tic and M blue" j w ith f e e lin g s of unworthiness and g u i l t in co n tr a st to j i i op tim ism , c h e e r f u l n e s s , and e l a t i o n . ! 27 C-Cycloid te n d e n c ies; em otional, w ith f lu c tu a t io n s in mood ( e la t io n to sadness) and i n s t a b i l i t y , in c o n tr a st to em otional s t a b i l i t y and c o n tr o l. R-Rhathymia; a h appy-go-lucky, c a r e fr e e d isp o s i t i o n : l i v e l i n e s s and im p u lsiv e n e ss, in c o n tr a st to se r io u s minded s e l f - c o n t r o l , even extreme s e l f - r e s t r a i n t . j The fa c to r s in t h e . G uilford-M artin In ventory o f j F actors GAM IN are d efin ed as f o llo w s : j G-General A c tiv it y ; a tendency toward vigorous and j quick muscular a c t i v i t y in co n tra st to a d is in c li n a t io n to j i such a c t i v i t y . j A -Ascendance-subm ission; s o c ia l le a d e r sh ip or | tendency to come to the fo r e in a s o c ia l s it u a t io n in con-- j S tr a st to tak in g a more p a ssiv e or in con sp icu ou s r o le . j M -M a scu lin ity -fem in in ity ; t y p ic a lly m asculine emo t io n a l and temperamental make-up (em otional toughness) in I \ c o n tr a st to fem inine make-up (em otional s e n s i t i v i t y or j r e fin e m e n t). I - I n f e r i o r i t y f e e l in g s ; f e e l in g s of inadequacy and s e lf- d e p r e c ia t io n in c o n tr a st to s e lf-c o n f id e n c e and | perhaps o v e r -e v a lu a tio n o f s e l f . ! i i j N -Nervousness; tendency to jum piness, ten sen ess,' ! i being e a s i l y i r r i t a t e d or annoyed, in c o n tr a st to | composure, calm ness, and r e la x a tio n . j F ollow in g the same gen era l procedures, G uilford and j | Martin developed the P ersonnel Inventory to a s s i s t | 28 su p ervisors to s in g le out those in d iv id u a ls who are p erso n a lly m aladjusted (19^3). The fa c to r s in the Personnel Inventory are defined as f o llo w s : ! O -O b jectivity; the o b je c tiv e person i s not s e l f - cen tered , does n ot take th in gs p erso n a lly ; h is f e e lin g s . are n ot e a s i l y hurt. Ag-A greeableness; as con trasted w ith a tendency to f ig h t back or an urge to dominate fo r the sake o f s e l f - j aggrandizement; being com pliant, even w illin g to ’'take” a j j g rea t d e a l. j ! C o-C ooperativeness; w illin g n e s s to accep t co n d itio n s! ! : and people as they are; to lera n ce as opposed to f a u l t fin d in g and h y p e r c r itic a l a t t it u d e . In order to c o n so lid a te fa c to r s in to a s in g le i n ventory fo r ob tain in g a comprehensive p ictu re o f in d i- j ■vidual p e r s o n a lit ie s , G uilford and Zimmerman s e le c te d j fa c to r s from the .Guilford and G uilford-M artin in v e n to r ie s and developed the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey (1 9 ^ 9 ). j i The fa c to r s used in t h is t e s t were General A c t iv it y , j j - | R e str a in t, Ascendance, S o c ia b ili t y , Emotional S t a b i l i t y , j O b je c tiv ity , F r ie n d lin e s s , T houghtfulness, Personal j R e la tio n s, and M a scu lin ity . R e l i a b i l i t i e s of the scores are reported as ranging from 0 .7 5 to 0 .8 7 . V a lid ity i s mentioned in terms of f a c t o r ia l v a lid it y . Some v a lid it y 29 data on su p erv iso ry and a d m in istr a tiv e p ersonnel are reported as ranging from 0 .2 0 to 0 . 50, based on co r r e la t io n s . The fa c to r s in the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey are d efin ed as fo llo w s : G-General a c t i v i t y ; a tendency toward quick and vigorous a c t i v i t y . R -R estrain t; o p p o site to the former t r a i t R (Rhathymia); se rio u s-m in d ed n ess; s e l f - c o n t r o l , as con tr a s te d w ith an im p u lsiv e , c a r e fr e e d is p o s it io n . A-Ascendance; tendency to come to the fore in s o c i a l s it u a t io n s in c o n tr a st to ta k in g a more su b m issive, in co n sp icu o u s r o l e . S - S o c ia b ili t y ; form erly c a lle d s o c ia l ex tr a v e r sio n ; i n t e r e s t in and ad ep tn ess in s o c ia l co n ta cts and a c t i v i t i e s , in c o n tr a st to shyness and s e c lu s iv e n e s s . ! | E-Emotional s t a b i l i t y ; a com bination of q u a li t ie s i jop p osite to the former D (D ep ression) and C (C ycloid) i i d i s p o s it io n s . O -O b je ctiv ity ; o p p o site to h y p e r s e n s it iv it y and s e lf- c e n t e r e d n e s s . F -F r ie n d lin e s s ; form erly Ag (A greeab len ess); o p p o site to h o s t i l i t y and b e lli g e r e n t a t t it u d e . T -T houghtfulness; form erly th in k in g in tr o v e r sio n ; r e f l e c t i v e , o b serv in g . P-Personal r e la t io n s ; form erly Co (C oop erativen ess) j t o l e r a n c e a s c o n t r a s t e d w ith c r i t i c a l f a u l t f i n d i n g . I M -M a sc u lin ity o f i n t e r e s t s and e m o tio n a l r e a c t i o n s . R e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f t h e e a r l y s t u d i e s on th e G u ilf o r d j and G u ilf o r d - M a r tin I n v e n t o r i e s were th o s e by L o v e ll and T h u rs to n e . i L o v e ll i n t e r c o r r e l a t e d th e 13 f a c t o r s c o r e s from th e G u ilf o r d I n v e n t o r y of F a c t o r s STDCR, G u ilf o r d - M a r t i n j | i I n v e n t o r y o f F a c to r s GAMIN, and G u i l f o r d 's P e r s o n n e l j I n v e n t o r y (1 9 ^ 5 ). She r o t a t e d f o u r f a c t o r s which she j J i n t e r p r e t e d a s ’’s u p e r - f a c t o r s . ' 1 She i d e n t i f i e d them a s | D r i v e - r e s t r a i n t , R e a lis m , E m o t i o n a l i t y , and S o c i a l a d a p t a b i l i t y . T here were an a d d i t i o n a l two f a c t o r s w hich were c o n s id e r e d a s d o u b l e t s . Some of th e ite m s i n t h e s e 'i n v e n t o r i e s a r e s c o re d on more th a n one f a c t o r w hich | | r e s u l t s i n s p u r io u s c o r r e l a t i o n s . U sing L o v e l l ' s c o r r e l a t i o n m a t r i x , T h u rsto n e I |a n a ly z e d th e d a ta i n term s o f th e t e s t sp ace ( 1 9 5 1) . I !Hence th e r e l i a b i l i t i e s were u se d i n th e d i a g o n a l c e l l s o f i | ; [ jth e c o r r e l a t i o n m a t r i x . I t was fo und t h a t th e s c o r e s |r e p r e s e n t e d n o t more th a n n i n e l i n e a r l y in d e p e n d e n t | . j I f a c t o r s . The o r th o g o n a l f a c t o r m a tr ix was r o t a t e d to | i o b l iq u e sim p le s t r u c t u r e . Seven o f th e o b liq u e f a c t o r s | were g iv e n t e n t a t i v e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s , w h ile two f a c t o r s i w ere c o n s id e r e d as r e s i d u a l s . The sev en f a c t o r s were i j d e s c r i b e d a s a c t i v e , v i g o r o u s , i m p u l s i v e , d o m in a n t, j s t a b l e , s o c i a b l e , and r e f l e c t i v e . S u b s e q u e n tly t h e s e ! 31 f a c t o r s were i n c o r p o r a t e d i n th e T h u rs to n e Temperament S c h e d u l e . C o n s id e rin g q u e s t i o n s r a i s e d by o t h e r r e s e a r c h e s a b o u t w h e th e r th e same a r e a o f tem peram ent can be a c c o u n te d f o r on th e b a s i s o f a s m a l l e r number of f a c t o r s G u i l f o r d and Zimmerman f a c t o r a n a ly z e d the I n v e n t o r y o f F a c t o r s STDCR, I n v e n t o r y of F a c t o r s GAMIN, and th e P e r s o n n e l I n v e n t o r y ( 1 9 5 6 ) . Ite m s fro m e a c h f a c t o r were s o r t e d i n t o 69 s m a ll l o g i c a l l y homogeneous g ro u p s on th e b a s i s o f c o n t e n t , t h e m a le -fe m a le d icho tom y was added f o r a t o t a l o f 70 v a r i a b l e s . L o v e l l ' s d a t a were r e s c o r e d to o b t a i n m ea su re s o f t h e s e 70 v a r i a b l e s w ith th e s c o r i n g c o n s i s t e n t w ith th e k e y f o r e a c h f a c t o r . The s c o re d i s t r i b u t i o n s w ere d ic h o to m iz e d n e a r t h e m edian ahd t e t r a I c h o r i c c o r r e l a t i o n s w ere e s t i m a t e d by means o f th e c o s l n e - p i a p p r o x i m a t i o n . E ig h te e n c e n t r o i d f a c t o r s were I e x t r a c t e d and r o t a t e d by means o f Zimmerman's g r a p h i c , j o r th o g o n a l m ethod. F o u r t e e n f a c t o r s w ere i d e n t i f i e d a s |G e n e ra l A c t i v i t y , A scendance v s . S u b m is s io n , M a s c u l i n i t y |v s . f e m i n i n i t y , C o n fid en c e v s . I n f e r i o r i t y F e e l i n g s , | C alm ness-com posure v s . n e r v o u s n e s s , S o c i a b i l i t y , R e f l e c - ! j t i v e n e s s , D e p r e s s i o n , E m o t i o n a l i t y , R e s t r a i n t v s . R h ath y m ia, O b j e c t i v i t y , A g r e e a b le n e s s , C o o p e r a tiv e n e s s ( T o l e r a n c e ) , and one f a c t o r was u n i d e n t i f i e d . B e c k e r com pared and f a c t o r a n a ly z e d th e t o t a l jsc o re s fro m th e 16 PF and t h e G u i l f o r d - M a r t i n i n v e n t o r i e s 32 ( 1 9 6 1 ). He a d m i n i s t e r e d Forms A and B o f th e r e v i s e d 16 PF and t h e G u i l f o r d - M a r t i n i n v e n t o r i e s to 208 s t u d e n t s . R e l i a b i l i t i e s o f th e C a t t e l l f a c t o r s c o r e s w ere r e p o r t e d i a s r a n g i n g fro m 0 .0 0 to 0 . 8 8 , w h ile th e r e l i a b i l i t i e s o f t h e G u i l f o r d f a c t o r s s c o r e s ra n g e d from 0 .7 9 t o 0 .9 1 . The j i n t e r c o r r e l a t i o n s were f a c t o r a n a ly z e d by th e c e n t r o i d m ethod and th e f a c t o r s w ere r o t a t e d o r t h o g o n a l l y to th e Varim ax c r i t e r i o n and o b l i q u e l y t o th e Oblim ax c r i t e r i o n . The c o r r e l a t i o n s i n d i c a t e d e q u iv a le n c e f o r C a t t e l l ’s H and j j G u i l f o r d ' s S, C a t t e l l ’s F and G u i l f o r d 's R, C a t t e l l ' s C i |a n d 0 and G u i l f o r d 's D, C a t t e l l ' s G u i l f o r d 's N. I The f a c t o r a n a l y s i s i n d i c a t e d t h a t th e 16 PF c o v e r s i A n x ie ty , E x t r a v e r s i o n , H o s t i l i t y , F e m i n i n i t y , I n d e p e n d e n c e , j S u p e r-E g o S t r e n g t h , and I n t e l l i g e n c e . The G u i l f o r d - M a r t i n i n v e n t o r i e s a p p e a r to c o v e r th e f a c t o r s A n x ie ty , E x t r a v e r s i o n , H o s t i l i t y , F e m i n i n i t y , and T h in k in g I n t r o v e r s i o n . | M ic h a e l, B a r th and K a i s e r s t u d i e d th e d im e n s io n s o f j tem p eram en t i n m u sic t e a c h e r s by u s in g C a t t e l l ' s 16 PF j | Q u e s t i o n n a i r e and T h u r s t o n e ' s Temperament S c h e d u le ( 1 9 6 1 ). 1 — I - jI n th e a n a l y s i s o f t o t a l s c o r e s , f i v e f a c t o r s were fo u n d i ! i j t o be common to t h r e e g ro u p s o f t e a c h e r s . These were | j i F r i e n d l i n e s s , E m o tio n a l S t a b i l i t y , S e l f - s u f f i c i e n c y , E m p ath ic S e n s i t i v i t y o r F e e l i n g . O th e r p o s s i b l e f a c t o r s i n one o r two g ro u p s w ere D e f e n s i v e - a u t h o r i t a r i a n , G e n e ra l i E n e rg y , U n s o p h i s t i c a t e d - i m p u l s i v e E x t r a v e r s i o n , D ependency, and S o p h i s t i c a t i o n . 33 G orsuch and C a t t e l l i n t e r c o r r e l a t e d th e t o t a l s c o r e s of th e 16 PF Q u e s t i o n n a i r e and f a c t o r a n a ly z e d th e m a t r i x , r o t a t i n g by means o f th e V arim ax, B inorm im in, and R o to p lo t program s {1 9 6 6 ) . R e s u l t s were s i m i l a r i n each c a se b u t th e R o to p lo t program gave th e l a r g e s t h y p e rp la n e c o u n t and th e Varim ax program th e s m a l l e s t . R e s u l t s , a c c o r d in g to th e a u t h o r s , I n d i c a t e d t h a t f a c t o r s B, I n t e l l i g e n c e , and G, S up erego S t r e n g t h , a r e h i g h e r o r d e r f a c t o r s . j These s t u d i e s s u g g e s t t h a t th e C a t t e l l and G u ilf o r d I n v e n t o r i e s a r e c o v e r in g much th e same a r e a o f te m p e ra - I i m ent, b u t n o t n e c e s s a r i l y i n te rm s of th e same f a c t o r s . j | But t h e r e h as been no r e s e a r c h r e p o r t e d i n th e l i t e r a t u r e i u s in g th e m ethods s u g g e s te d by G u ilf o r d and Zimmerman and i by Comrey (1956; 1 9 6 1) . F a c t o r a n a l y s i s o f t o t a l f a c t o r s c o r e s i s n o t a I s a t i s f a c t o r y method o f d e te r m i n i n g th e f a c t o r s m easured by I i an i n v e n t o r y . In t h i s method t h e r e i s o n ly one v a r i a b l e j r e p r e s e n t i n g e ac h f a c t o r . F a c t o r s w i l l m ost p r o b a b ly n o t emerge u n l e s s r e p r e s e n t e d by two o r p r e f e r a b l y more ! v a r i a b l e s (1 9 5 2 ). T h is g e n e r a l r u l e was fo llo w e d a s j j c l o s e l y a s p o s s i b l e i n t h i s r e s e a r c h . I CHAPTER I I I i i HYPOTHESIS AN D SELECTION O F VARIABLES i This Chapter g iv e s the h yp oth esis to he te s te d and the method fo r the s e le c t io n of v a r ia b le s . i ! i ■ i I I j H y p o th e s is j | i j From the a v a ila b le inform ation i t cannot be d e te r - ! I | mined whether the S ix te en P e r so n a lity Factor Q uestionnaire | ad equately measures the 16 fa c to r s and to what e x te n t. I t was the purpose o f th is study to analyze v a r ia b le s based j on s e t s o f iterns, each s e t ob viously homogenous as to con- i t e n t , to determine whether C a tte ll* s primary t r a i t s w ill I i ! I | jhold up as u n i t i e s , to determ ine the fa c to r load in gs of ; i |the s e ts of item s on the various fa c to r s obtain ed , and the I j i • I |r e la tio n s h ip s of th ese fa c to r s to fa c to r s found in i i - JG uilford's p e r s o n a lity in v e n to r ie s . A prelim inary attem pt j to group C a t t e l l1s item s as to con tent in d ica ted th at h is j fa c to r s are complex, some p o s s ib ly composed of two or more fa c to r s o f the G uilford type. A n a ly s is o f th e S i x t e e n P e r s o n a l i t y F a c t o r Q u e s t i o n n a i r e j D urin g th e p r e l i m i n a r y a t t e m p t to group C a t t e l l * s ite m s a s to c o n t e n t , i t was foun d t h a t s e v e r a l f a c t o r s 35 seemed to break down in to more than one as d efin ed by- Guilford (1 9 5 9 ). F actor A— Cyclothymia versus Schizothym ia, seems to be composed o f fa c to r s S o c ia b ili t y , and M ascu lin ity |versus F em in in ity. F actor B i s an in t e llig e n c e f a c t o r . F actor C—Emotional S t a b ilit y versus D is s a t is f ie d E m otionality seems to be composed p rim arily of the fa c to r Emotional S t a b i l i t y but there are some components of the Nervousness fa c to r . Factor E--Dominance or Ascendance versus Sub m ission , seems the same as the Ascendance f a c to r . F actor F--Surgency versus Desurgency, appears to be the same as G u ilfo rd 's Rhathymia f a c t o r . F actor G--Character or Super-Ego S tren gth versus Lack of R igid In te r n a l Standards, seems to be a combina- jtion of Composure versus Nervousness, E m otion ality, and i | I Confidence versus I n f e r io r it y . i I Factor H— Parmia versus T h rectia, seems to break down l o g i c a l l y in to the fa c to r s S o c ia b ili t y , Confidence versus I n f e r io r it y , C heerfulness versus D epression , and Ascendance. F actor I —Premsia versus H arria, seems to be a combination of M ascu lin ity versu s F em in in ity, and G u ilfo rd 's R e fle c tiv e Thinking f a c to r . F actor L—P rotension (Paranoid Tendency) versus “ ................................................ ‘ ..... 3 6 R e la x ed S e c u r i t y , a p p e a r s t o be th e f a c t o r s H o s t i l i t y and S o c i a b i l i t y . F a c t o r M --A u tia v e r s u s P r a x e m i a , seems t o be a j c o m b in a tio n o f t h e F a c t o r s A e s t h e t i c A p p r e c i a t i o n , C h e e r- j f u l n e s s v e r s u s D e p r e s s i o n , and M a s c u l i n i t y v e r s u s i F e m i n i n i t y . ! j F a c t o r N --S h re w d n e ss v e r s u s N a i v e t e , seems t o be j S o c i a b i l i t y and C o n fid e n c e v e r s u s I n f e r i o r i t y . F a c t o r 0 — G u i l t P ro n e n e s s v e r s u s C o n f id e n t A dequacy,I j i s p r o b a b ly a c o m b in a tio n o f th e f a c t o r s C o n fid en c e v e r s u s I n f e r i o r i t y , C h e e r f u l n e s s v e r s u s D e p r e s s i o n , and E m o tio n a l S t a b i l i t y . F a c t o r - - R a d i c a l i s m v e rs u s C o n s e rv a tis m , i s p r i m a r i l y R a d ic a l i s m v e r s u s C o n s e rv a tis m b u t some ite m s seem t o m easu re G u i l f o r d ’s R e f l e c t i v e T h in k in g f a c t o r . F a c t o r Qg— S e l f - S u f f i c i e n c y v e r s u s Group D ependency, a p p e a r s t o be S o c i a b i l i t y , C o n fid en ce v e r s u s I n f e r i o r i t y , i | b u t p r i m a r i l y S e l f - R e l i a n c e v e r s u s D ep en d en ce. j F a c t o r Q -^ -H ig h S e l f - S e n t i m e n t F o rm a tio n v e r s u s P oor S e l f - S e n t i m e n t F o r m a tio n , seems t o be composed o f th e j I : f a c t o r s C o n fid e n c e v e r s u s I n f e r i o r i t y , C h e e r f u ln e s s v e r s u s i D e p r e s s i o n , and E m o tio n a l S t a b i l i t y . j F a c t o r Q4 — High E r g i c T e n s io n v e r s u s Low E r g ic T e n s io n , i s composed o f t h e f a c t o r s Composure v e r s u s | N e r v o u s n e s s , C o n fid e n c e v e r s u s I n f e r i o r i t y , and E m o tio n a l j i M a t u r i t y . I 37 I n summary, th e S i x t e e n P e r s o n a l i t y F a c t o r Q ues t i o n n a i r e seems t o be m e a su rin g th e f o l lo w in g f a c t o r s l i s t e d i n G u i l f o r d ’s book P e r s o n a l i t y (1 9 5 9) ' 1 . A e s t h e t i c A p p r e c ia tio n 2 . A scendance 3. Composure v e rs u s N erv o u sn e ss 4. E m o tio n a l M a tu r ity 5. E m o tio n a l S t a b i l i t y 6. G e n eral C u ltu re 7. H o s t i l i t y 8 . I n t e l l i g e n c e 9. M a s c u l in i t y v e rs u s F e m in in ity 10. R a d ic a lis m v e rs u s C o n se rv a tism 11. Rhathymia 12. S e l f - R e l i a n c e v e r s u s Dependence 13. S o c i a b i l i t y 14. R e f l e c t i v e T h in k in g I H y p o th e sis i j From th e f o r e g o i n g a n a l y s i s , i t was h y p o th e s iz e d | t h a t th e f o l lo w in g C a t t e l l p e r s o n a l i t y f a c t o r s would h o ld up a s u n i t i e s : | C - E m o tio n al S t a b i l i t y v e rs u s D i s s a t i s f i e d | E m o t i o n a l i ty i E - Dominance o r A scendance v e rs u s S u b m issio n F - S u rg e n cy v e rs u s D esurgency 38 Q-j_- R a d ic a lis m v e r s u s C o n se rv a tism F a c t o r Qg, S e l f - S u f f i c i e n c y v e r s u s Group D ependency, i s s i m i l a r i n name to G u i l f o r d 's f a c t o r S e l f - R e l i a n c e j v e r s u s D ependency. I t m ig h t he h y p o t h e s iz e d t h a t t h i s f a c t o r w i l l h o ld up a s a u n i t y . An a d d i t i o n a l h y p o t h e s is i s t h a t th e C a t t e l l f a c t o r s j j C, E, an d F a r e th e same a s G u i l f o r d 's f a c t o r s E, A, and R, j r e s p e c t i v e l y . j The o t h e r C a t t e l l f a c t o r s a r e e x p e c te d t o he com bi- ! n a t i o n s o f th e v a r i o u s G u ilf o r d ty p e o f f a c t o r s a s i n d i c a t e d p r e v i o u s l y . S p e c i f i c h y p o th e s e s t o be t e s t e d w i l l he p r e s e n t e d j a t th e end o f t h i s C h a p te r . i S e l e c t i o n o f V a r i a b l e s i P r o c e d u re j i I n o r d e r to t e s t th e h y p o t h e s i s t h a t th e C a t t e l l and j j I !G u i l f o r d i n v e n t o r i e s a r e c o v e r in g th e same a r e a o f te m p e r- i |am ent i n co m p arable w ays, th e same p ro c e d u r e s s h o u ld be u s e d . F o r th e p u rp o s e s o f t h i s r e s e a r c h , i t was f e l t th e j ! b e s t p r o c e d u r e s were th o s e u se d by G u i l f o r d and Zimmerman j i n t h e i r a n a l y s i s o f i te m c l u s t e r s i n th e I n v e n t o r y o f ! I F a c t o r s STDCR, I n v e n t o r y o f F a c t o r s GAMIN, and th e | I P e r s o n n e l I n v e n t o r y ( 1 9 5 6 ). j i 1 T hree i n d i v i d u a l s i n d e p e n d e n t l y s o r t e d th e i te m s i n | ,1 t h e 1 9 62 e d i t i o n o f Form A and 1961 e d i t i o n o f Form_B o f ___ j 3 9 th e S i x t e e n P e r s o n a l i t y F a c t o r Q u e s t i o n n a i r e a c c o r d in g to ite m c o n t e n t . T h at i s , t h e y s o r t e d i n t o t h e same c a t e g o r y i 1 j th o s e ite m s t h a t a p p e a r t o be m e a s u rin g th e same t h i n g . j J ; Ite m s were s o r t e d o n ly w i t h i n the v a r i o u s s c a l e s f o r e a c h j i ! f a c t o r . I f , f o r any c a t e g o r y , t h e r e was a s u f f i c i e n t j i ; | | number o f ite m s fro m a n o t h e r f a c t o r t o make a v a r i a b l e , j • ! j t h e s e ite m s w ere k e p t i n a d i f f e r e n t s e t and sc o re d s e p a - j r a t e l y . Under no c ir c u m s ta n c e s w ere item s fro m two f a c t o r s ! combined i n one s c o r e v a r i a b l e . A f t e r th e in d e p e n d e n t ! i | s o r t i n g , a c o n f e r e n c e o f th e t h r e e s o r t e r s was h e ld t o make I ] a d e c i s i o n on ite m s on w hich the s o r t e r s d i s a g r e e d and on j ite m s p l a c e d i n an " u n s o r t a b l e 1 ' c a t e g o r y . A l l ite m s on j w hich two o f th e t h r e e s o r t e r s d i s a g r e e d w ere d i s c a r d e d . j U sing an a d o p te d r e q u i r e m e n t of a minimum o f t h r e e i t e m s p e r v a r i a b l e and t h r e e v a r i a b l e s p e r C a t t e l l f a c t o r , a j t o t a l o f 40 v a r i a b l e s fro m f i f t e e n f a c t o r s was o b t a i n e d . | I Only one hom ogeneous s e t c o u ld be fo u n d f o r F a c t o r A a n d , j |tw o f o r F a c t o r G b u t t h e r e were l e f t i n th e r e s e a r c h i n v e n t o r y . One homogenous s e t was fo und f o r F a c t o r N b u t | t h i s was n o t i n c l u d e d . F a c t o r Bh — I n t e l l i g e n c e —was n o t i n c l u d e d . I I n a d d i t i o n t o th e a u t h o r , th e s o r t e r s were D r . i Norman G ould, C a l i f o r n i a S t a t e P o l y t e c h n i c C o lle g e ; a n d D r. A r t h u r R o g e rs , San J o s e S t a t e C o lle g e ( f o r m e r l y a t C a l i f o r n i a S t a t e P o l y t e c h n i c C o l l e g e ) . | i _ 0 _ V ariab les used The v a r ia b le s and th e ir d e f in i t io n s are as fo llo w s A r t is t ic Refinement; l i k e s performing or composing m usic, w r itin g th in gs of l i t e r a r y m erit. Ascendance;; m aintains h is r ig h t s , takes s o c ia l 1 ! i n i t i a t i v e , does n ot mind being con sp icu ou s, i s a s o c ia l |le a d e r , i s not r e t i c e n t . Ascendance ( f a c e - t o - f a c e ) ; upholds h is r ig h ts and defends h im se lf in f a c e - t o - f a c e c o n ta c ts , not f e a r f u l o f s o c ia l c o n ta c ts . Ascendance ( le a d e r s h ip ) ; does n o t mind being con s p ic u o u s , through s o c ia l i n i t i a t i v e g r a v ita te s to p o s it io n s of le a d e r sh ip . C heerfulness v s . d ep ressio n ; i s em o tio n a lly d ep ressed , f e e l s p h y s ic a lly d e p le te d , i s worried and a n x io u s, i s n ot c h e e r fu l, has p eriod s o f lo n e lin e s s . i I Composure v s. n ervou sn ess; i s e a s i l y d istu rb ed by d is t r a c t in g s t im u li, i s unable to r e la x , e a s i l y s t a r tle d by unexpected s t im u li, i s r a t t le d e a s i l y in e x c it in g s it u a t io n s , fr e q u e n tly s u ffe r s from insom nia, has nervous h a b its such as chewing a p e n c il, p e r sp ir e s e a s i l y , i s nervous and Jumpy, i s p e r p e tu a lly fa tig u e d , i s r e s t l e s s , ” i s t e n s e - e x c it e d . Confidence v s. i n f e r i o r i t y ; f e e l s adequate, f e e l s a cc ep te d , b e lie v e s in h im s e lf, has s o c ia l p o is e . C r itic a ln e s s ; fin d s f a u lt w ith human n a tu re, fin d s 41 f a u l t w ith in d u str y , i s s u s p ic io u s ■o f h ypocrisy in o th e r s, d is t r u s t s h on esty o f o th e r s, fin d s f a u lt w ith s o c ie t y . | C ultural I n t e r e s t s ; lik in g fo r i n t e l l e c t u a l , j a r t i s t i c and c i v ic a c t i v i t i e s . j C ultu ral S e n s it iv it y ; r e c e p tiv e to changes in j | c u ltu r a l mores, r e c e p tiv e to d iffe r e n c e s between c u ltu r e s . Em otional Immaturity; has p e r se v e r a tiv e em otions, | i i s em o tio n a lly e x c it a b le , i s em o tio n a lly immature, day- ! | dreams, look s fo r sympathy, c o n c e ite d , quarrelsom e, j i n f a n t i l e , s e lf - c e n t e r e d , and demanding. Hypochondria; aware o f p h y sic a l d i s a b i l i t i e s , vague f e e l in g s of i l l n e s s , quick to take su g g e stio n s of f e e l i n g | i i l l or new i l l n e s s e s . ; Im p u lsiven ess; a c ts on the spur of the moment w ith - i i out th in k in g th in gs over, o fte n says th in g s and la t e r j i |r e g r e ts them, does n o t plan h is work beforehand, works } ! ■ f I ! |"by f i t s and s t a r t s ." | i ! L iking A c t iv it y and Change; l ik e s to p la y , li k e s ‘ i ! amusements, l ik e s rom anticism , l ik e s a t h l e t i c s , l ik e s to i s o lv e p u z z le s, l ik e s a p o s it io n w ith varied ta sk s, li k e s to d ea l w ith varied and unusual o b je c t s , en joys tr a v e l and ! na t u r e . j L iking A c t iv it y w ith O thers; l i k e s to p lay w ith o th e r p eo p le, li k e s a t h l e t i c s , lik e s to work w ith oth er j p e o p le . | i M a scu lin ity vs F em in in ity; has m asculine v o c a tio n a l j 42 i n t e r e s t s , has m asculine a v o c a tio n a l i n t e r e s t s , i n h i b i t s em otional e x p r e ssio n . i | M editative Thinking] lik e s s e r io u s th in k in g , a n a ly ze s s e l f and o th e r s, fr e q u e n tly m ed ita tes. Moral R e str a in t] s e l f - c o n t r o l l e d , s e r io u s , con s c ie n t io u s . ~ | Moral S e n s i t i v i t y ] re co g n ize s v io la t io n s o f moral j i co d es. I i P e r s is t e n t E ffo r t] s e l f imposed urge to keep working; i a t a ta sk . ! P r a c t ic a lit y v s. refinem ent; in t e r e s t e d in a c tu a l performance of something which se rv es s o c i a l , u t i l i t a r i a n or e t h ic a l v a lu e s, more c l o s e ly r e la t e d to ta n g ib le f a c t and n ot merely t h e o r e t ic a l. R adicalism v s. con servatism ; fa v o rs changes in s o c i a l , econom ic, p o l i t i c a l , and a e s t h e t ic p r a c tic e s as | c o n tra sted w ith n o t fa v o rin g change. | Resentment; m ild or c o n tr o lle d anger because o n e's j i . i sen se o f j u s t ic e or f a ir n e s s has been v io la t e d . i — R e str a in t v s. rhathymia; s e l f - c o n t r o l l e d , s e r io u s , j i c o n sc ie n tio u s d is p o s it io n , i s n ot h ap p y-go-lu ck y, i s n o t j c a r e fr e e , sto p s to thin k th in g s over b efore a c t in g , does j n o t crave ex citem en t. | i S o c ia l i n t e r e s t ] i n t e r e s t in a wide v a r ie ty of i i s o c i a l a c t i v i t i e s , l i t e r a r y , a r t i s t i c , community; coop erates w ith o th e r s. S o c ia l p o ise ; i s n ot embarrassed when en terin g a room a f t e r a l l are se a te d , does not fin d i t d i f f i c u l t to speak in p u b lic , does n ot s u f f e r from sta g e f r i g h t , does n ot f e e l uncom fortable to be d if f e r e n t from o th e r s. In a d d itio n to th e se C a tt e ll v a r ia b le s , tw enty- e ig h t v a r ia b le s were s e le c te d from the Inventory of F actors STDCR, Inventory of F actors GAMIN. D F Opinion S u rvey, and Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament S urvey, u sin g as a primary r e fe re n c e the fa c t o r lo a d in g s as given in the Guilford-Zimmerman monograph (1 9 5 6 ). These v a r ia b le s were as fo llo w s : A e s th e tic A ppreciation-G raphic Arts A e s th e tic Appreciation-Drama A e sth e ti c Appre cia t i on-Li tera ture A n a ly sis of S e lf and Others C arefreeness v s. r e s t r a in t C ultural Conformity-Conformity D rive f o r A c tiv ity Em otional D epression Even Mood Lack of F a t ig u e a b ilit y F e e lin g s of Acceptance F riend s and Acquaintances Lack of G regariousness Lack of H o s t i l i t y Lack o f S o c ia l P o ise 4 4 L ik i n g f o r S e r i o u s T h in k in g L ik i n g S o c i a l A f f a i r s M a in ta in O n e 's R ig h ts M a sc u lin e A v o c a t i o n a l P r e f e r e n c e s M a sc u lin e V o c a t i o n a l P r e f e r e n c e s Lack o f N e rv o u s n e s s -J u m p in e s s Optim ism P h y s i c a l D e p l e t io n R a p id Pace Lack o f R e s t l e s s n e s s I U nconcern v s . s e r i o u s n e s s T h ic k s k in n e d T o le r a n c e A m a le - f e m a le d ic h o to m o u s v a r i a b l e was added t o make a t o t a l o f 69 v a r i a b l e s . A summary o f a l l v a r i a b l e s lan d th e i n v e n t o r y from w hich t h e y came i s l i s t e d i n T a b le i ! 1 . 1 i S p e c i f i c H y p o th e s iz e d F a c t o r s i From th e a n a l y s i s p r e s e n t e d e a r l i e r and th e summary o f v a r i a b l e s i n T ab le 1 , f o u r ty p e s o f h y p o th e s e s may b e m ade: w hich o f th e G a t t e l l f a c t o r s w i l l h o ld up s e p a r a t e l y a s u n i t i e s , w hich of t h e G a t t e l f a c t o r s a re i d e n t i c a l to G u i l f o r d 's f a c t o r s , w hich o f th e G a t t e l l f a c t o r s a r e a c o m p o s ite o f two o r more o f t h e G u ilf o r d f a c t o r s , and w hich of th e G u i l f o r d f a c t o r s w i l l h o ld up 45 | TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF THE SOURCE OF THE 69 VARIABLES USED IN THIS ANALYSIS V ar. No. Name So urce P e r s o n a l i t y F a c t o r T e s t________ 1 M ale-Fem ale Dichotomy 2 S o c i a l i n t e r e s t . 16 PF 3 S o c i a l p o i s e 16 PF 4 A r t i s t i c r e f in e m e n t 16 PF 5 R efin em en t v s . p r a c t i c a l i t y 16 PF 6 R efinem ent v s . p r a c t i c a l i t y 16 PF 7 C u l t u r a l i n t e r e s t s 16 PF 8 I n f e r i o r i t y v s . c o n fid e n c e 16 PF 9 E m o tio n al im m a tu r ity 16 PF 10 M e d ita tiv e t h i n k i n g 16 PF 11 D i s l i k i n g a c t i v i t y w ith o t h e r s 16 PF 12 D i s l i k i n g a c t i v i t y w ith o t h e r s 16 PF 13 Lack o f im p u ls iv e n e s s 16 PF 14 Lack o f i m p u ls iv e n e s s 16 PF 15 P e r s i s t e n t e f f o r t 16 PF 16 E m o tio n al im m a tu r ity 16 PF 17 S o c i a l i n t e r e s t 16 PF 18 Ascendance ( f a c e - t o - f a c e ) 16 PF 19 L ik in g a c t i v i t y and change 16 PF 20 Lack o f m oral r e s t r a i n t 16 PF 21 Rhathymia v s . r e s t r a i n t 16 PF 22 C onfidence v s . i n f e r i o r i t y 16 PF 23 Moral r e s t r a i n t 16 PF 24 C onfidence v s . i n f e r i o r i t y 16 PF 25 C r i t i c a l n e s s 16 PF 26 C r i t i c a l n e s s 16 PF 27 R esentm ent 16 PF 28 C u l t u r a l s e n s i t i v i t y 16 PF 29 C u l t u r a l s e n s i t i v i t y 16 PF 30 I n f e r i o r i t y v s . c o n fid e n c e 16 PF 31 Lack o f s o c i a l i n t e r e s t 16 PF 32 I n f e r i o r i t y v s . c o n fid e n c e 16 PF 33 N ervou sness v s . composure 16 PF 34 Moral s e n s i t i v i t y 16 PF 35 Moral s e n s i t i v i t y 16 PF 36 Lack o f h y p o c h o n d r ia s is 16 PF 37 Ascendance ( l e a d e r s h i p ) 16 PF 38 C onfidence v s . i n f e r i o r i t y 16 PF 39 Ascendance 16 PF 40 R a d ic a lis m v s . c o n s e r v a tis m 16 PF 41 R a d ic a lis m v s . c o n s e r v a tis m 16 PF 42 Rapid p ace GAMIN H H I I I M 0 0 S 1 Q o S* Q 3 Q | q 3 Q4 A E F F F G G H L L L M M 0 $ 3 * c c E E H S i G 46 TABLE 1 (c o n tin u e d ) S o u rc e | Van. Name P e r s o n a l i t y F a c t o r No. T e s t 43 D rive f o r a c t i v i t y GAMIN G 44 M ascu lin e v o c a t i o n a l p r e f e r e n c e GAMIN M 45 M a scu lin e a v o c a t i o n a l p r e f e r e n c e GAMIN M 46 AA-Graphic A rts DFOS AA 47 AA-Drama DFOS AA 48 A A -L ite ra tu re DFOS AA 49 C u l t u r a l c o n f o r m ity - c o n f o r m ity DFOS CC 50 M a in ta in o n e 's r i g h t s GAMIN A 51 P e e l i n g s of a c c e p ta n c e GAMIN I 52 Lack o f r e s t l e s s n e s s GAMIN N 53 Lack o f n e rv o u s n e s s - ju m p in e s s GAMIN N 54 Lack o f f a t i g u e a b i l i t y GAMIN ' N 55 Lack o f g r e g a r i o u s n e s s STDCR S 56 P h y s i c a l d e p l e t i o n STDCR D 57 C a r e f r e e n e s s v s . r e s t r a i n t STDCR R 58 U nconcern v s . s e r i o u s n e s s STDCR R 59 Lack o f s o c i a l p o is e STDCR S 60 L ik in g f o r s e r i o u s t h in k i n g STDCR T 61 A n a ly s is o f s e l f and o t h e r s STDCR T 62 E m o tio n al d e p r e s s io n STDCR D 63 T o le ra n c e GZTS P 64 T h ic k sk in n e d GZTS 0 65 Lack o f h o s t i l i t y GZTS F 66 L ik in g s o c i a l a f f a i r s GZTS S 67 • F r ie n d s and a c q u a in t a n c e s GZTS S 68 Optimism GZTS E 69 ! Even mood GZTS E 47 s e p a r a t e l y a s u n i t i e s . C a t t e l l F a c t o r s as U n i t i e s I t I s h y p o th e s iz e d t h a t o n ly two of th e C a t t e l l f a c t o r s , Qj and , w i l l h o ld up s e p a r a t e l y a s u n i t i e s w ith no c o u n t e r p a r t i n th e G u ilf o r d i n v e n t o r i e s . The f o l lo w in g f a c t o r s w ould be e x p e c te d : R a d ic a lis m v e r s u s C o n se rv atism S e l f - S u f f i c i e n c y v e r s u s Group D ependency G u ilf o r d F a c t o r s as U n i t i e s The f o l lo w in g G u i l f o r d f a c t o r s a r e e x p e c te d to come o u t s e p a r a t e l y as u n i t i e s w ith no c o u n t e r p a r t i n th e C a t t e l l i n v e n t o r y : G e n eral A c t i v i t y ! T h in k in g i i I C o rre s p o n d in g C a t t e l l and G u ilf o r d jF a c t o r s ! | As i n d i c a t e d p r e v i o u s l y , th e C a t t e l l f a c t o r s C, E, I and F a p p e a r to be t h e same a s G u i l f o r d 's f a c t o r s E, A, and R, r e s p e c t i v e l y . I n t h i s s t u d y , i t was h y p o th e s iz e d t h a t th e s e would a p p e a r a s th e f o l l o w i n g : i A scendance E m o tio n a l S t a b i l i t y Rha thym ia 48 ! G a t t e l l F a c to r s a s C om posites o f G u ilf o r d F a c to r s A ll o t h e r G a t t e l l f a c t o r s a d e q u a te ly r e p r e s e n t e d i n | t h i s s tu d y a r e more complex and a r e composed of two o r j more o f th e G u ilf o r d ty p e o f f a c t o r s . I t was h y p o th e s iz e d j I i n t h i s s tu d y t h a t th e f o l lo w in g f a c t o r s w i l l em erge: A e s t h e t i c A p p r e c i a t i o n ! C h e e r f u ln e s s v e rs u s D e p re s s io n j C onfidence v e r s u s I n f e r i o r i t y j I E m o tio n a l M a tu r ity M a s c u l in i t y v e rs u s F e m in in ity | N e rv o u sn ess S o c i a b i l i t y r Summary o f H y p o th e siz e d F a c t o r s j I n summary, th e f o l lo w in g f a c t o r s a r e e x p e c te d to ! em erge: j 1 . A e s t h e t i c A p p r e c ia tio n 2 . A scendance { 3. C h e e r f u ln e s s v e r s u s D e p re s sio n 4. C o n fid en ce v e r s u s I n f e r i o r i t y 5. E m o tio n a l M a t u r ity 6 . E m o tio n a l S t a b i l i t y 7. G e n era l A c t i v i t y 8 . M a s c u l in i t y v e r s u s F e m in in ity 9. N erv o u sn e ss 1 0 . R a d ic a lis m v e rs u s C o n se rv atism ! 11. Rhathymia 12. S e l f - S u f f i c i e n c y v e rs u s Group Dependency 13. S o c i a b i l i t y I 14. T h in k in g O ther f a c t o r s a r e n o t r e p r e s e n t e d by a s u f f i c i e n t inumber of v a r i a b l e s t o e n s u re t h e i r a p p e a ra n c e s . j The r e s u l t s o f th e a n a l y s i s a r e p r e s e n t e d i n I C h a p te r V. | CHAPTER IV | ! ' | I ' ! TEST ADMINISTRATION AND j STATISTICAL PROCEDURES I j ! 1 I ;• I I i T h is C h a p te r d i s c u s s e s th e m ech an ics o f t e s t a d m in - | I i s t r a t i o n , th e sam ple u s e d , and th e s t a t i s t i c a l p r o c e d u r e s u s e d to a n a l y z e th e d a t a . i I T e s t A d m i n i s t r a t i o n , S am p le, and S c o r in g T e s t A d m i n i s t r a t i o n The s e l e c t e d 424 ite m s w ere ran d o m ized and i n c o r - !p o r a t e d i n a new r e s e a r c h i n v e n t o r y . B ecau se o f th e l i m i t s ! i ! o f th e s t a n d a r d I.B .M . a n sw e r s h e e t , 150 i te m s p e r p a g e , i i | t h e i n v e n t o r y was d i v i d e d i n t o t h r e e p a r t s , 150 ite m s e a c h i j f o r th e f i r s t two p a r t s an d 124 i te m s f o r P a r t 3* Random- j i z a t i o n was c o n t r o l l e d t o th e e x t e n t t h a t no v a r i a b l e was | !s c o r e d on more t h a n one p a r t . The c o m p lete i n v e n t o r y was j m im eographed i n t o a s i n g l e t e s t booklet.-*- i ] j The Sample The new r e s e a r c h i n v e n t o r y was a d m i n i s t e r e d to 321 ■ * ■ A p p r e c i a t i o n i s e x p r e s s e d t o th e I n s t i t u t e f o r P e r s o n a l i t y and A b i l i t y T e s t i n g and to S h e r i d a n S u p p ly Company f o r p e r m i s s io n t o re p r o d u c e c o p y w rite d ite m s fro m th e C a t t e l l and G u i l f o r d i n v e n t o r i e s . 50 51 s t u d e n t s r e g i s t e r e d i n c o u rs e s i n G en eral P sy ch o lo g y , E d u c a ti o n a l P sy c h o lo g y , and A d o lescen ce P sy ch o lo g y a t C a l i f o r n i a S t a t e P o l y te c h n ic C o lle g e , San L uis O bispo, i d u r in g th e S p r in g Q u a r t e r , 19 6 3 . An i n c e n t i v e o f p o i n ts ! i to be added t o t h e i r t o t a l p o i n t s f o r a f i n a l g ra d e was | i used to o b t a i n v o l u n t e e r s u b j e c t s . N in e te e n s u b j e c t s j | were e l i m i n a t e d b e c a u se o f in c o m p le te a n sw e r s h e e t s or b e ca u se th e y were o l d e r th a n an a r b i t r a r y c u t - o f f age o f | ! i 2 5 . T his r e s u l t e d i n a f i n a l sam ple of 302 s u b j e c t s , 187 m ales and 115 f e m a le s , ra n g in g i n age fro m 17 to 2 4 . j I S c o r in g | The t e s t s f o r t h e 302 s u b j e c t s w ere h a n d -s c o re d 1 ; f o r each v a r i a b l e a c c o r d in g to t h e s c o r i n g keys f o r each i n v e n t o r y fro m w hich th e v a r i a b l e was s e l e c t e d . ! i ' S t a t i s t i c a l P ro c e d u re s ; A f r e q u e n c y d i s t r i b u t i o n was made o f th e s c o r e s f o r i leach v a r i a b l e . B ecause o f th e l i m i t e d num ber o f ite m s i n j many v a r i a b l e s and th e skew ness o f th e d i s t r i b u t i o n s , e a c h d i s t r i b u t i o n was d ic h o to m iz e d n e a r i t s m ed ian. I n t e r c o r - !r e l a t i o n s o f a l l v a r i a b l e s were c a l c u l a t e d by u se o f th e j ] i c o s i n e - p i a p p ro x im a tio n of th e t e t r a c h o r i c c o r r e l a t i o n . 2 j i 2 ! A ll c o m p u ta tio n s i n t h i s a n a l y s i s were done on j th e I.B .M . co m puters a t W estern D ata P r o c e s s i n g C e n te r, | G rad uate S c h o o l o f B u s in e s s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n , U n i v e r s i t y o f j C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e le s. | 52 B ecause th e dich oto m ous m a le -fe m a le v a r i a b l e i s a t r u e d ic h o to m y , th e c o r r e l a t i o n s betw een v a r i a b l e 1 , m a le - j fe m a le , and a l l o t h e r v a r i a b l e s were tr a n s fo r m e d from th e | t e t r a e h o r i c c o r r e l a t i o n to th e p o i n t - b i s e r i a l c o r r e l a t i o n by u s in g th e f a c t o r y / ^ pq where p i s th e p r o p o r t i o n of i I I m a le s, O.6 3 i n th e sam ple ( G u i l f o r d , 19 6 5 * P. 5 7 8 -5 8 8 ). The p^ o f th e v a r i a b l e s ran g e d i n s i z e from O.36 to ! O .6 3 . I t was f e l t t h a t t h e s e v a lu e s d id n o t d e v i a t e f a r j ! enough from 0 .5 0 to b i a s th e t e t r a c h o r i c c o r r e l a t i o n c o - j j e f f i c i e n t s , s i n c e th e p^ v a lu e s o f o n ly 6 v a r i a b l e s d e v i a t - j ed more th a n ^ 0 .1 0 from 0 . 5 0 . T able 2 shows th e m eans, | s t a n d a r d d e v i a t i o n s , p ^ , and r e l i a b i l i t i e s o f a l l v a r i a b l e s . The r e l i a b i l i t i e s were e s t i m a t e d a s th e com- i j m u n a lity w hich would be c o n s id e r e d a s th e lo w e r bound of 1 th e r e l i a b i l i t y . The c o r r e l a t i o n m a t r i x , w ith th e h i g h e s t c o r r e l a - I \ I jti.on i n th e column a s th e d i a g o n a l v a lu e , was f a c t o r I Ianalyzed by th e p r i n c i p a l com ponents m ethod. The f a c t o r i : m a tr ix was o r t h o g o n a l l y r o t a t e d to c r i t e r i a o f sim p le | s t r u c t u r e and p s y c h o l o g i c a l m e a n in g f u ln e s s by u s i n g th e jg r a p h ic a l method d e s c r i b e d by Zimmerman (1 9 ^ 6 ). j A f t e r a p p r o x im a te ly 175 g r a p h ic r o t a t i o n s were made, a r o t a t e d s t r u c t u r e began to em erge. An a n a l y t i c a l p a t t e r n r o t a t i o n u s in g a l e a s t s q u a r e s s o l u t i o n was th e n pe rfo rm ed on th e u n r o t a t e d f a c t o r m a t r ix u s in g th e i n f o r m ation fro m th e p a r t i a l g r a p h i c s o l u t i o n to form th e 53 TABLE 2 TABLE O F MEANS, STANDARD DEVIATIONS PROPORTIONS O F VARIABLES A N D RELIABILITIES Var No. Name Mean Stand. D e v ia t. P i r t t Age 2 0 .2 1 .7 9 - - 1 Male-Female Dichotomy — .63 .69 2 S o c ia l in t e r e s t 6 .0 5 2 .2 9 .5 1 .76 3 S o c ia l p oise 7 .8 6 3 .5 6 .52 .76 4 A r t is t ic refinem ent 3.12 1 .5 7 .4 4 .37 5 Refinement v s. p r a c t ic a lit y 4 .6 1 2 .9 1 .4 7 .82 6 Refinement v s . p r a c t ic a lit y 4 .3 6 2 .2 3 .4 7 .70 T C ultural in t e r e s t s 2 .3 1 1 .6 6 .3 6 .57 8 I n f e r io r it y v s. confidence 4 .1 0 1 .8 1 .41 .63 9 Emotional immaturity 3 .4 0 1 .8 0 .4 8 .48 10 M editative thin king 2 .3 5 1 .4 1 .4 3 .36 11 D is lik in g a c t i v i t y w ith others 4 .1 0 2 .1 3 .41 .50 12 D is lik in g a c t i v i t y w ith others 2 .2 9 1 .5 4 .42 .52 13 Lack o f im pulsiveness 3 .4 4 1 .7 5 .4 6 .45 14 Lack o f im pulsiveness 2 .8 2 1 .3 0 .5 6 .37 15 P e r s is te n t e f f o r t 2 .9 7 1 .5 9 .3 9 .54 16 Emotional immaturity 5 .1 2 2 .3 2 .4 3 .50 17 S o c ia l in t e r e s t 4 .6 6 1 .7 7 .52 .32 18 Ascendance ( fa c e - t o - f a c e ) 4 .6 8 2 .3 9 .49 .61 19 L iking a c t i v i t y and change 6 .4 6 2 .0 9 .52 .49 20 Lack o f moral r e s t r a in t 6 .0 4 2 .0 0 .60 .49 21 Rhathymia v s. r e s t r a in t 6 .8 7 2 .5 7 .55 .61 22 Confidence v s . in f e r io r it y 5 .7 2 1 .6 5 .57 .36 23 Moral r e s t r a in t 6.00 2 .3 9 .4 8 .52 24 Confidence v s. in f e r io r it y 3 .8 6 2 .5 0 .4 0 .75 25 C r itic a ln e ss 5 .2 3 2 .3 1 .4 4 .51 26 C r itic a ln e ss 3 .1 8 1 .8 8 .4 3 .43 27 Resentment 3 .6 7 1 .9 3 .5 3 .56 28 C ultural s e n s i t i v i t y 4 .9 9 1 .8 8 .4 3 .29 29 C ultural s e n s i t i v i t y 4 .4 2 1 .8 7 .45 .45 30 I n f e r io r it y v s . confidence 4 .1 5 2 .4 8 .5 8 .75 31 Lack o f s o c ia l in t e r e s t 4 .9 9 1 .7 5 .42 .51 32 I n f e r io r it y v s . confidence 3 .1 9 1 .3 9 .4 5 .52 33 Nervousness v s . composure 6 .7 3 2 .7 5 .5 6 .59 34 Moral s e n s i t i v i t y 7 .2 2 1 .9 5 .51 .70 35 Moral s e n s i t i v i t y 5 .1 4 1 .6 6 .45 .45 36 Lack o f hypochondriasis 5 .4 0 1 .6 5 .57 .52 37 Ascendance (lea d er sh ip ) 4 .1 9 1 .7 3 .4 0 .40 38 Confidence v s . i n f e r io r it y 4 .7 5 2 .2 5 .5 4 .45 39 Ascendance 5 .7 0 2 .5 1 .5 4 .78 40 Radicalism v s. conservatism 4 .0 9 1 .7 9 .4 1 .30 41 R adicalism v s. conservatism 4 .8 4 1 .7 9 .3 8 .46 42 Rapid pace 2 .8 7 1 .4 5 .4 1 .48 54 TABLE 2 ( c o n tin u e d ) V ar Name Mean S t a n d . P i ♦ r t t ' No f D e v i a t 43 D riv e f o r a c t i v i t y 1 .5 9 0 .7 9 .53 .59 44 M a sc u lin e v o c a t i o n a l p r e f e r e n c e 3 .3 3 1 .3 4 .47 .80 45 M a sc u lin e a v o c a t i o n a l p r e f e r e n c e 2 .8 1 1 .1 7 .50 .62 46 AA-Graphic a r t s 3 .5 5 2 . 2 6 .49 .7 6 47 AA-Drama 2 .8 0 2 .0 5 .49 .7 0 48 AA-Li t e r a t u r e 3 .6 0 2 . 0 9 .61 .65 j 49 C u l t u r a l c o n f o r m i ty - c o n f o r m i t y 4 .9 6 2 .4 1 .55 .41 50 M a in ta in one 1s r i g h t s 4 .6 5 2 .2 6 .51 .4 0 51 F e e l i n g s o f a c c e p ta n c e 4 .0 7 1 .7 6 .45 .55 52 Lack o f r e s t l e s s n e s s 2 .8 5 1 .5 5 .52 . 62 ; 53 Lack o f n e r v o u s n e s s - j u m p i n e s s 3 .6 1 1 .9 3 .50 .70 54 Lack o f f a t i g u e a b i l i t y 3 .4 1 1 .7 6 .51 .5 3 55 Lack o f g r e g a r i o u s n e s s 1 .5 3 0 .9 3 .43 .45 56 P h y s i c a l d e p l e t i o n 0 .5 6 0 . 5 6 .53 .4 6 57 C a r e f r e e n e s s v s . r e s t r a i n t 1 .3 9 1 .1 5 -.43 .41 58 U nconcern v s . s e r i o u s n e s s 1 .2 5 1 . 0 3 .41 .52 59 Lack o f s o c i a l p o is e 1 .9 9 1 .5 2 .57 .7 0 ' 60 L ik in g f o r s e r i o u s t h i n k i n g 2 .1 1 1 .1 7 .36 .5 9 6l A n a ly s is o f s e l f and o t h e r s 2 .8 1 1 .3 2 .44 .5 7 62 E m o tio n a l d e p r e s s i o n o . 66 0 .8 6 . 46 .55 63 T o le ra n c e 6 .2 6 2 . 8 4 .50 .72 64 T h ic k s k in n e d 3 .6 2 2 .2 0 .47 .80 65 Lack o f h o s t i l i t y 2 .1 8 1 .7 4 .56 .62 66 L ik in g s o c i a l a f f a i r s 2 .4 7 1 .6 1 .50 .7 8 67 F r i e n d s and a c q u a i n t a n c e s 5 .2 1 2 . 3 0 .54 .70 68 Optimism 4 .6 0 1 . 8 4 .55 .7 7 69 Even mood 2 .8 2 1 .8 4 .55 .7 3 ........." 55 t a r g e t m a t r i x ( C l i f f , 1 9 6 4 ). The s q u a r e r o o t of th e co m m u n ality of eac h v a r i a b l e was u s e d as th e t a r g e t v a lu e |s i n c e t h i s i s th e maximum v a lu e w hich each v a r i a b l e may |h a v e , a im in g each t e s t a t one f a c t o r . The f i n a l t a r g e t m a t r i x u se d i n t h i s r o t a t i o n i s g iv e n i n A ppendix C. i | I n o r d e r to d e te r m in e how th e C a t t e l l and G u il f o r d I I f a c t o r s f i t i n t o t h e f a c t o r sp a ce o f eac h o t h e r , two a d d i t i o n a l p a t t e r n r o t a t i o n s were p e rfo rm e d u s i n g th e p a t t e r n e d v arim ax s o l u t i o n (N e e ly , 1 9 6 4 ). The f i r s t r o t a t i o n was p a t t e r n e d to w a rd s the 14 C a t t e l l f a c t o r s j j r e p r e s e n t e d i n t h i s a n a l y s i s . The G u i l f o r d v a r i a b l e s w ere |g i v e n t a r g e t v a lu e s o f z e ro l o a d i n g on the C a t t e l l f a c t o r s . jThe second r o t a t i o n was p a t t e r n e d to w a rd th e 15 G u ilf o r d i f a c t o r s , w i t h the C a t t e l l f a c t o r s b e in g g iv e n z e ro l o a d i n g s a s t a r g e t v a l u e s . The t a r g e t m a t r i c e s f o r r o t a t i o n o f th e C a t t e l l an d G u i l f o r d f a c t o r s a r e g i v e n i n A ppendixes D and E. j The r e s u l t s a n d d i s c u s s i o n o f th e o b t a i n e d f a c t o r s |a r e p r e s e n t e d i n C h a p te r V. CHAPTER V RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF THE OBTAINED FACTORS T h is C h a p te r g iv e s th e r e s u l t s o f th e i n t e r c o r r e l a t i o n s among th e v a r i a b l e s , th e p r i n c i p a l a x e s m a t r i x , and t h e r o t a t e d f a c t o r m a t r i c e s . The o b t a i n e d r o t a t e d i f a c t o r s a r e d i s c u s s e d and i n t e r p r e t e d . R e s u l t s o f I n t e r c o r r e l a t i o n s | I The 69 v a r i a b l e s w ere i n t e r c o r r e l a t e d w ith e a c h | o t h e r by u se of th e c o s i n e - p i a p p r o x im a tio n o f th e t e t r a - ! !c h o r i c c o r r e l a t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t . The co m p lete i n t e r c o r r e - i l a t i o n m a t r i x i s g iv e n i n A ppendix A. The t e t r a c h o r i c c o r r e l a t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t i s l e s s ;r e l i a b l e th a n th e P e a rs o n r , b e in g a b o u t 50 p e r c e n t more i v a r i a b l e ( G u i l f o r d , 19 6 5 , P. 326- 3 3 2 ) . The r t i s m ost r e l i a b l e when N i s l a r g e , when r i s l a r g e , and when th e d i v i s i o n s i n t o two c a t e g o r i e s a r e c l o s e t o th e m e d ia n s . The c o s i n e - p i fo rm u la g i v e s a c l o s e a p p ro x im a tio n to r t o n ly when b o th v a r i a b l e s a r e d ic h o to m iz e d a t th e m e d ia n s . As p and p ' d e p a r t from . 5 , a s p and p ' d i f f e r jfrom eac h o t h e r i n c r e a s i n g l y , and a s r^. becomes v e ry !l a r g e ^ c o s - p i d e p a r ts , more and more from r ^ and i s I 56 57 s y s t e m a t i c a l l y l a r g e r th a n r ^ (B o u v ie r, P e r r y , M ichael and H e r tz k a , 1 9 5 4 ). S in c e th e p^ v a lu e s o f o n ly 6 v a r i a b l e s i n th e s tu d y d e v i a t e d more th a n 1 0 .1 0 from 0 . 5 0 , i t was f e l t t h a t th e s e v a lu e s d id n o t d e v i a t e f a r enough to b i a s th e r t . I n te r c o r r e la tio n s Among the j G a tte ll F actor V ariables i “ 1 C o n s id e r in g o n ly th o s e v a r i a b l e s w hich i n t e r c o r r e l a t e w ith e a c h o t h e r to th e e x t e n t o f ^ 0 .3 5 o r g r e a t e r , s e v e r a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s a r e fo u n d . Each o f th e G a t t e l l f a c t o r s had t h r e e v a r i a b l e s r e p r e s e n t i n g i t e x c e p t F a c to r s A, G, and H, w hich had o ne, two and f o u r v a r i a b l e s , r e s p e c t i v e l y . F a c t o r A had o n ly one v a r i a b l e r e p r e s e n t i n g i t and t h i s v a r i a b l e d i d n o t c o r r e l a t e a s h ig h a s .35 w ith any !o t h e r v a r i a b l e . F a c t o r C v a r i a b l e s had low c o r r e l a t i o n s w ith each | o t h e r , 0 .3 5 and 0 .4 2 . Two o f th e t h r e e v a r i a b l e s c o r r e l a t e d w ith F a c t o r 0, - . 3 8 and - 0 .4 3 , and w ith F a c t o r Qjj., -O .35 and - 0 . 4 2 . One v a r i a b l e c o r r e l a t e d w ith a F a c t o r G v a r i a b l e , +0 . 3 6 , and a n o t h e r w ith a F a c t o r L v a r i a b l e , - 0 . 3 6 . F a c t o r E had o n ly one v a r i a b l e w hich c o r r e l a t e d w ith o t h e r v a r i a b l e s and f a c t o r s . The h i g h e s t r t was w ith a F a c t o r L v a r i a b l e , + 0 .4 2 , and F a c t o r v a r i a b l e s , - 0 .3 6 and - 0 .3 5 . T h is same v a r i a b l e c o r r e l a t e d w ith a F a c t o r F : 5 8 v a r i a b l e , +0 . 3 8 , and w ith a F a c t o r H v a r i a b l e , + O .3 6 . | F a c t o r F had no v a r i a b l e s w hich c o r r e l a t e d a s h i g h a s .35 w i t h e a c h o t h e r . One o f th e F v a r i a b l e s c o r r e l a t e d w ith a F a c t o r H v a r i a b l e , + 0 .4 4 , and w ith a F a c t o r E v a r i a b l e , +0 . 3 8 . i I F a c t o r G had one v a r i a b l e w hich c o r r e l a t e d w i t h one ]F a c t o r C v a r i a b l e , +O .3 6 . ; i I F a c t o r H v a r i a b l e s had s u b s t a n t i a l c o r r e l a t i o n s w ith e a c h o t h e r , + 0 .4 4 t o +O .6 3 . T hree o f th e v a r i a b l e s c o r r e - | l a t e d w ith F a c t o r 0 v a r i a b l e s , - 0 .3 6 to - 0 . 4 4 . One | v a r i a b l e c o r r e l a t e d - 0 .3 9 w ith a F a c t o r Q2 v a r i a b l e and | a n o t h e r - 0 .3 5 w i t h a v a r i a b l e . O th e r c o r r e l a t i o n s w ere j w ith F a c t o r s E and F v a r i a b l e s a s i n d i c a t e d p r e v i o u s l y . j F a c t o r I v a r i a b l e s had o n ly one i n t e r c o r r e l a t i o n , ■♦0.66. Two o f th e t h r e e v a r i a b l e s ' c o r r e l a t e d w i t h F a c t o r i M v a r i a b l e s , **0.51 and -tO.53. F a c t o r L v a r i a b l e s had no i n t e r c o r r e l a t i o n s w i t h 1 I | I jeach o t h e r , b u t t h e r e w ere c o r r e l a t i o n s w ith v a r i a b l e s f o r j ! I jF a c to r C, - O .3 6 , F a c t o r E, + 0 .4 2 , and F a c t o r M, + 0 .3 9 . i 1 j F actor M v a r ia b le s c o r r e la te d w ith F actor I v a r ia - | | b l e s , -K).51 and + 0 .5 3 , and one F a c t o r L v a r i a b l e , + 0 .3 9 F a c t o r 0 v a r i a b l e s had i n t e r c o r r e l a t i o n s w ith e a c h j I o th e r, + 0 .3 9 and + 0 . 5 6 , and c o r r e la te d w ith v a r ia b le s f o r j F actor C, - 0 .3 8 and - 0 . 4 3 , F actor H, - 0 .3 6 to - 0 . 4 4 , and j F actor Qn , + 0 .3 5 to +O.5 0 . j j F a c t o r Q ]_ had no c o r r e l a t i o n s a s h i g h a s .35 among j 5 9 i t s v a ria b le s or w ith other f a c to r v a r ia b le s . F a c t o r Qg had o n ly one i n t e r c o r r e l a t i o n among i t s v a r i a b l e s , + 0 .3 5 j and one c o r r e l a t i o n w ith a F a c t o r H i v a r i a b l e , - 0 . 3 9 . | i Factor Qo had no c o r r e la tio n s among i t s v a r ia b le s , | t j | but there were two c o r r e la tio n s w ith F actor E v a r ia b le s , ! -0 .3 5 and -O .36. j I Factor v a r ia b le s had c o r r e la tio n s of +O.35 and +0.45 with each oth er. V ariables fo r t h is fa c to r j i I co r re la te d w ith v a r ia b le s fo r F actor G, -0 .3 5 and -0.42^ [ i F actor H, - 0 .3 5 , and Factor 0, + 0.35 to + 0 .5 0 . j j As expected because of C a t t e l l's o r ig in a l oblique r o ta tio n s of these f a c t o r s , there were a number o f | v a r ia b le s from d if f e r e n t fa c to r s which co r re la te d with | each other. From th ese r e s u lt s , i t would be expected th a t j j C a tt e ll F actors C, E, F, L, Q 2 and would hold up as I u n i t i e s , exclu d in g a ls o Factors A and G which had only one j i ! land two v a r ia b le s , r e s p e c t iv e ly . These fa c to r v a r ia b le s ! | I j ! I did not have c o r r e la tio n s w ith other f a c to r v a r ia b le s as I did v a ria b le s fo r F actors H, I , M, 0, and Q 3 . I n te r c o r r e la tio n s among the G uilford Factor V ariab les j i A ll o f the G uilford fa c to r v a ria b le s had s u b s t a n t i a l! 1 in t e r c o r r e la t io n s . There were s u b s ta n tia l c o r r e la tio n s among v a r ia b le s fo r d if f e r e n t f a c t o r s , p a r tic u la r ly w ith | the v a r ia b le s fo r F actors P, 0, F, and E. The fo llo w in g j I a n a l y s i s w i l l c o v e r o n ly th e c o r r e l a t i o n s among v a r ia b le s j f o r d i f f e r e n t f a c t o r s . F a c t o r G v a r i a b l e s h ad o n ly a m inor c o r r e l a t i o n w ith| j a F a c t o r R v a r i a b l e . | F a c t o r A, h a v in g o n ly one v a r i a b l e to r e p r e s e n t i t , i I d i d n o t c o r r e l a t e w i t h v a r i a b l e s f o r any o t h e r f a c t o r s . F a c t o r M v a r i a b l e s c o r r e l a t e d - 0 .3 5 to - 0 .3 8 w i t h j ! F a c t o r A v a r i a b l e s . F a c t o r I , w i t h only one v a r i a b l e , c o r r e l a t e d w i t h j j v a r i a b l e s f o r F a c t o r s N, S , 0 , and E, th e c o r r e l a t i o n s on j 1 t h e o r d e r o f 40.40 t o 0 .4 8 , w ith one r of - 0 .4 1 . [ ^ ! F a c t o r N v a r i a b l e s c o r r e l a t e d w ith v a r i a b l e s f o r i I F a c t o r s I , P, 0 , F , and E w i t h the c o r r e l a t i o n s r a n g i n g I j 'f r o m + 0 .3 9 to 4 0 .4 8 . i ' 1 F a c t o r S v a r i a b l e s c o r r e l a t e d w ith v a r i a b l e s f o r • j F a c t o r s I , R, AA, 0 , and E w i t h th e c o r r e l a t i o n s r a n g i n g up t o 4-0.59 w ith F a c t o r E. One v a r i a b l e had no c o r r e l a - j t i o n w ith any o t h e r v a r i a b l e . 1 F a c t o r T v a r i a b l e s c o r r e l a t e d w i t h v a r i a b l e s f o r I j I F a c t o r AA, 4-0 .3 7 a n d 4-0.46. | F a c t o r D v a r i a b l e s c o r r e l a t e d w ith v a r i a b l e s f o r ■ i F a c t o r s 0 and AA, - 0 . 3 5 to - 0 . 5 4 . F a c t o r R v a r i a b l e s c o r r e l a t e d w ith v a r i a b l e s f o r |F a c t o r s G and S, - 0 . 3 5 and + 0 . 3 5 . | F a c t o r AA v a r i a b l e s c o r r e l a t e d w ith v a r i a b l e s f o r ' 1 |F a c t o r M, - 0 .3 5 a n d - O .3 8 , F a c t o r s S , +O .36 and + 0 .4 0 , and 61 F a c t o r GC had o n ly one v a r i a b l e and t h i s d id n o t c o r r e l a t e w i t h o t h e r f a c t o r v a r i a b l e s . F a c t o r s P and 0, each had o n ly one v a r i a b l e r e p r e s e n t i n g i t and each one c o r r e l a t e d w ith v a r i a b l e s f o r F a c t o r s I , N, S , 0, F> and E,. th e c o r r e l a t i o n s b e in g on | |t h e o r d e r o f -O .35 to - 0 .5 4 and + 0 .3 9 t o + 0 .6 7 . ! F a c t o r F , w ith o n ly one v a r i a b l e , c o r r e l a t e d w ith v a r i a b l e s f o r F a c to r N, + 0 .3 9 F a c t o r P , + 0 . 4 5 . , and F a c t o r E, + 0 .3 9 and + 0 .4 4 . F a c t o r E v a r i a b l e s had c o r r e l a t i o n s w ith v a r i a b l e s f o r F a c t o r s I , N, S, D, P, 0 , and F, th e v a lu e s r a n g in g from * 0 .3 5 t o * 0 . 5 9 . These r e s u l t s s u g g e s t t h a t F a c t o r s G, N, D, R, T, and AA, would h o ld up a s u n i t i e s . Even th o ugh t h e r e a r e c o r r e l a t i o n s among th e v a r i a b l e s r e p r e s e n t i n g th e v a r i o u s f a c t o r s , t h i s i s n o t n e c e s s a r i l y i n d i c a t i v e t h a t the f a c t o r s a r e in d e e d c o r r e l a t e d b e ca u se t h e r e may have b een [ f a u l t y t e s t s e l e c t i o n ( G u ilf o r d and Zimmerman, 1 963 ). j F a c t o r s A, I , CC, P, 0, and F e a c h had o n ly one v a r i a b l e r e p r e s e n t i n g i t and would n o t be e x p e c te d t o emerge a s u n i t i e s u n l e s s t h e r e was some s u p p o r t from s i m i l a r [ v a r i a b le s i n th e G a t t e l l i n v e n t o r y ( G u i l f o r d , 1 9 5 2 ). ! In te r c o r r e la tio n s among the C a tte ll and G uilford Factors U t i l i z i n g the same c r i t e r i o n o f c o r r e l a t i o n s ! g r e a t e r th a n * 0 . 3 5 * t h e r e a r e s e v e r a l a r e a s o f com m unality among th e C a t t e l l and G u ilfo r d f a c t o r s . C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r C v a r i a b l e s , i n a d d i t i o n to b e in g j | c o r r e l a t e d w ith th o s e f o r o t h e r C a t t e l f a c t o r s , i s c o r r e - ! j l a t e d w ith G u ilf o r d v a r i a b l e s f o r f a c t o r s I , N, S , P, 0, ! F, and E, th e c o r r e l a t i o n s r a n g in g from + 0 .3 5 to + 0 . 5 2 . I i The h i g h e s t r was w ith F a c t o r E v a r i a b l e s . j ] V a r ia b l e s f o r C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r E had o n ly one c o r - ! r e l a t i o n w ith a v a r i a b l e f o r th e G u ilf o r d f a c t o r s , t h a t j j b e in g - 0 .4 2 w ith N. j C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r F v a r i a b l e c o r r e l a t e d w ith j v a r i a b l e s f o r F a c t o r S, + 0 .4 2 , and F a c t o r R, + 0 .4 3 . j C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r H shows q u i t e d e f i n i t e s i m i l a r i t y ' t o G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r S, m ost a l l v a r i a b l e s c o r r e l a t i n g q u i t e h i g h l y , -O.3 6 t o -O .6 3 and +O.38 to + 0 .6 4 . The ! i v a r i a b l e s f o r t h i s f a c t o r d id c o r r e l a t e s l i g h t l y w ith v a r i a b l e s f o r G u ilf o r d F a c t o r s G, I , D, and E, +0.35 to | i +0. 4 1 . I 1 i C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r I shows s i m i l a r i t y t o th e G u ilf o r d ; F a c t o r s M and AA, th e c o r r e l a t i o n s w ith th e v a r i a b l e s M 1 j r a n g in g from - 0 .4 8 t o - 0 .6 6 and w ith AA v a r i a b l e s ra n g in g i i : ifrom "+0.35 to + 0 . 5 1 . T here i s a s l i g h t c o r r e l a t i o n o f | +0.3 7 w ith G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r T v a r i a b l e s . j I | C a t t e l l ’s F a c t o r L v a r i a b l e s c o r r e l a t e s s l i g h t l y | w ith v a r i a b l e s f o r G u i l f o r d F a c t o r s M, + 0 . 38, AA, -0.3 9* I and P, -O .3 8 and -O .3 9 . j C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r M v a r i a b l e s c o r r e l a t e s w ith J v a r i a b l e s f o r G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r s M, - 0 .3 5 to - 0 .4 5 , and AA, + 0 .4 1 to + 0 .5 3 . C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r 0 v a r i a b l e s c o r r e l a t e s s u b s t a n t i a l l y w ith t h e v a r i a b l e s f o r G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r s D, +O.36 and + 0 .5 0 , 0, -0 .6 5 * an d E, - 0 .3 9 t o - 0 .7 0 . O th er c o r r e l a t i o n s a r e w i t h v a r i a b l e s f o r I , - 0 .3 5 , N, - 0 .4 2 and i j S , + O .36 and + 0 .5 1 . | One v a r i a b l e f o r C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r <^5 c o r r e l a t e s w ith o n ly one o f G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r N v a r i a b l e s , +0 . 3 8 . C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r v a r i a b l e s c o r r e l a t e s w ith v a r i a b l e s f o r th e G u ilf o r d F a c t o r s N, - 0 . 4 l and - 0 .4 8 , D, +0.35:, 0 , - 0 .5 0 , and E, - 0 .4 5 and -O .5 2 . These r e s u l t s i n d ic a te , t h a t C a t t e l l ' s H and G u i l f o r d 's S, C a t t e l l ' s I and G u i l f o r d 's M, and p r o b a b ly C a t t e l l ' s F and G u i l f o r d 's R a re s t r o n g l y o v e r l a p p in g . The r e s u l t s a l s o i n d i c a t e s i m i l a r i t i e s betw een th e I f o l l o w i n g : j C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r C and G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r s I , N, 0, i |and E; C a t t e l l ' s M and G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r s M and AA; C a t t e l l ' s 0 and G u i l f o r d 's I , N, S , D, 0, and E; C a t t e l l ' s and G u i l f o r d 's N, 0 , and E. Here a g a i n , c o r r e l a t i o n s betw een v a r i a b l e s r e p r e s e n t i n g d i f f e r e n t f a c t o r s does n o t n e c e s s a r i l y mean c o r r e l a t e d f a c t o r s ( G u i l f o r d and Zimmerman, 1 9 6 3 ) . j R e s u lts o f th e F a c to r A n a ly s is | The c o r r e l a t i o n m a t r i x was f a c t o r a n a ly z e d by use I i o f th e p r i n c i p a l a x e s method d e s c r i b e d by Harmon ( i 9 6 0 ) . The program u sed e x t r a c t s a l l f a c t o r s w ith e ig e n v a lu e s ! i g r e a t e r th a n + 0 .0 0 , u n l e s s f a c t o r i n g i s s to p p e d by some i | I o t h e r c r i t e r i o n . The 36 f a c t o r s th u s o b ta in e d a r e g iv e n j j 1 ! i n Appendix B. C om m unalities were e s t im a t e d a s th e ! 1 I h i g h e s t c o r r e l a t i o n i n eac h column. i | R e s u l t s o f th e F i r s t R o t a t i o n j i The number o f f a c t o r s to be e x t r a c t e d and r o t a t e d 1 i s a t o p i c of much d is a g r e e m e n t and d i s c u s s i o n among j 1 p s y c h o l o g i s t s . Harmon d i s c u s s e s s e v e r a l c r i t e r i a ( i 9 6 0 ) . 1 Among th e s e c r i t e r i a i s K a i s e r ' s w hich recommends r o t a t i n g I I | i t h o s e f a c t o r s whose e ig e n v a l u e s a r e +1.0 o r g r e a t e r when i i i ! ! u n i t y i s p la c e d i n th e d i a g o n a l o f th e c o r r e l a t i o n | 1 m a t r ix (1 9 5 9 ) . j j I The K a i s e r m ethod i n some c a s e s w i l l p r o b a b ly u n d e r e s t i m a t e th e number o f f a c t o r s , p a r t i c u l a r l y i f th e num ber o f v a r i a b l e s i s s m a ll, and o v e r e s t i m a t e i f th e num ber of v a r i a b l e s i s l a r g e . In t h i s r e s e a r c h , th e j num ber o f v a r i a b l e s i s r e l a t i v e l y l a r g e and th e c o r r e - l a t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s a r e o f th e r e l a t i v e l y u n r e l i a b l e j t e t r a c h o r i c c o e f f i c i e n t . These two f a c t s would p ro b a b ly combine t o r e s u l t i n an o v e r e x t r a c t i o n by u se o f th e 1 K a i s e r m ethod. T h is m ethod i n d i c a t e d 2H- o r 25 f a c t o r s 65 sh o u ld be r o t a t e d . C a t t e l l recommends th e s c re e t e s t (1 9 6 6 ). In t h i s i i te s t, th e e i g e n v a l u e s , o b t a i n e d w ith 1 . 0 i n th e d i a g o n a l , | i h r e p l o t t e d a g a i n s t th e f a c t o r s . A s t r a i g h t l i n e of b e s t | i f i t i s drawn th ro u g h th e p l o t s and th e l a s t f a c t o r to be j e x t r a c t e d i s th e one w hich f a l l s f i r s t on the s t r a i g h t ! l i n e . C o n s id e rin g a g a i n t h e u n r e l i a b i l i t y of t h e t e t r a - j c h o r i c c o r r e l a t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t , and p a r t i c u l a r l y th e I c o s i n e - p i a p p r o x im a tio n , t h i s method would p r o b a b ly te n d j i I t o o v e r e s t i m a t e th e number o f f a c t o r s . This m ethod s u g g e s te d 17 o r 18 f a c t o r s t o be e x t r a c t e d and r o t a t e d . ; U t i l i z i n g a c o m p o s ite c r i t e r i o n of e x t r a c t i n g f a c t o r s t h a t a c c o u n te d f o r a t l e a s t 70 p e r c e n t o f the c u m u la tiv e p r o p o r t i o n o f v a ria n c e of p o s i t i v e e ig e n v a l u e s when 1 .0 was u se d i n th e d ia g o n a l and when s u b s e q u e n t j e x t r a c t e d e ig e n v a l u e s c o n t r i b u t e l e s s th a n 2 p e r c e n t t o th e c u m u la tiv e p r o p o r t i o n o f v a r i a n c e , i t was d e c id e d t o r o t a t e 17 f a c t o r s . The e i g h t e e n t h f a c t o r c o n t r i b u t e d l e s s th a n 1 p e r c e n t t o th e c u m u la tiv e p r o p o r t i o n o f v a ria n c e i 1 jwhen th e h i g h e s t r was u se d i n the d i a g o n a l and l e s s th a n 2 p e r c e n t when u n i t y was u se d i n th e d i a g o n a l . I t was e x p e c te d t h a t , even w ith 17 f a c t o r s , t h e r e w ould be 2 o r 3 r e s i d u a l f a c t o r s . The r o t a t e d f a c t o r m a tr ix i s g iv e n i n T a b le 3. The p a t t e r n u se d f o r th e f i n a l L e a s t S q u a re s r o t a t i o n i s g iv e n i n Appendix C. TABLE 3 ROTATED FACTOR MATRIX i Var. F a c to r 0 No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 h2 ■ 1 18 70 -03 -13 -10 07 -01 11 -04 -13 16 04 -03 20 -12 -15 -05 69 2 24 -01 -16 55 14 -20 33 -02 20 03 04 18 -26 11 11 -10 -16 76 3 56 -13 18 45 14 -03 14 04 -02 -08 17 23 -22 -02 -04 10 07 76 4 -04 -26 24 -15 21 10 24 14 -10 14 -06 06 08 -17 -06 05 -08 37 5 -13 -73 09 -01 17 -05 13 -19 -06 -22 -03 -10 -01 -15 06 31 06 82 6 01 -65 05 -11 21 03 22 -20 18 ‘-07 -18 -15 -05 -02 04 17 -08 70 7 05 -46 07 -16 08 14 36 -21 08 -11 06 -22 20 -06 02 11 -04 57 8 -36 -17 08 -12 -02 28 -07 -09 00 -11 -03 01 05 06 37 -18 -03 63 . 9 -15 -21 -12 -00 -25 44 -05 01 -15 02 20 12 11 -03 12 -09 15 48 10 10 17 -13 -03 23 16 -05 -26 -08 -15 17 -15 03 -08 -21 04 -13 36 11 12 -11 05 -21 -10 -01 21 20 03 -03; 11 -18 34 18 -23 -22 *18 50 12 16 12 02 -05 -05 10 22 -21 -12 16 06 -03 51 00 -02 -25 06 52 13 02 23 02 10 13 -17 -23 -24 -21 -01 -14 -24 08 10 15 08 26 45 14 12 03 02 -28 11 -25 -13 -23 20 -06 -21 -07 11 -00 07 14 07 37 15 25 12 07 06 -36 -21 01 -01 19 16 08 -02 -06 19 29 04 30 54 16 -25 -10 -03 -01 -18 47 07 29 02 04 14 -07 11 21 01 -05 - 05. 50 17 -01 -18 -07 14 -04 -11 -15 -17 19 04 08 -11 -34 *08 -00 15 08 32 18 12 -07 -29 -00 -03 23 14 30 00 -17 46 22 -09 01 -08 -09 -17 61 19 -04 01 -19 05 04 -01 23 -17 -24 03 10 47 -06 25 04 04 06 49 20 14 -25 12 06 02 -08 -10 -06 22 -06 33 08 07 -27 -29 14 -19 49 21 22 -27 -04 19 11 23 -02 -01 12 07 13 47 -27 20 08 -07 -08 61 22 -00 -14 06 04 05 -35 -20 -00' -08 24 -16 -16 -01 -05 01 -04 22 36 i 1 23 18 -03 04 -03 -26 -23 -18 -27 02 24 -10 -07 -07 -07 11 11 39 52 I ov O M 24 66 01 -10 21 21 23 -01 12 03 15 20 06 -10 -15 16 -04 14 75 Note . —A ll d ecim al p o i n ts ha ye been o m itte d . I i TA BLE 3 (co n tin u ed ) F a c to r 6 7 C M XI rH COM3 OMTMA rH C M O'* O LA C M O LA CO O V O O C T i O f t l V O O i n M O i n n i n I S - VO rH LA 1 — I -= 3 - 1 — J on rH C M rH rH 1 — ! O rH O '* 00 ts- vo LA C O C M U t> ! § 2 ^ 2 ' 2 £ ? 3 C °. L AOOVO VO C M -H- CO CO C M t—iH LArHCO LA -^J* CO H O H H O O H W O O O O r l O W H H O r l O O O O O O l r l O H O tr-cvj p C ? 20r-H -= * --= 4 -vo istOvm- m cr\onovoo r o o H N - o ^ O O O C M O O O O O O H O O O O O O O H O O r H O O H C M H O Q H C M H o99 oo9?m ?7!-r29R 2 7 2 3 ^99 T)'"0 0 1 -1 w n m n onvo laooo't O O OOlHCM o h h o h o w h o o o o o o o o o h h c o o h h o ■ • I I I I I I 1 I 2 9 9 2 2 9 9 9 9 2 3 ^ ^ C M rH O OVO C TnO O ^}- 1 — 1 V O 0-LA-=tV0 C M O H H O O O J O O H r i H O O O H O C V I O O i n O O C M H O H O • I I 1 I 1 | I I I rH rH O CM CM I I I H n n n n n ^ + r ! 2 2 2 2 9 2 3 C^0 0 '"Q ^ '" O H O O H ® H COOVDCO H O O O O O ^ O H H O r l H H O H O J O O H f t l O O O H W O W O 11 I t I I I I I I I | | | O r i H O O O - ^ ^ W ^ £ 9 ^ 0 9 ? WOO C M C n N - L A r H lA ^ r H rH I I I I H H H O O H I I I I I o o I C M O rH C M O O I I CMrH O 0O o O O I I I I I CM I I 2 i£)2 2 3 2 3 vo on^- - h- o onvo tHH-^i-voo-^oooo onvo o o> H H O O O O I O I H O I H O O -^--H"-H- O C M 00 C M C M OOrH O O O C M C M O rH i ■ i I I I | | i r ? 2 2 99 2 2 3 3 S T ?r7t 29^"vo cm C v-rH ccvt cm lovcm o o h h onC^VO-^- vo OH r H O r H C M C M O O LAnJ- LA O O C M COO O H O C M O H H O O C M H O * 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l i l t | | I ! t m m o 9 9 o 3 9 ) 2 3 9 2 22 92 95 w tHLACM-sl-VOVOCO C M on on rH -=f O CO cn C M C M O O O O O r H C n C M r H O O H H C M O O O O O O r H r H r H O O O C M r H S! 3 S > 2 2 2 3 S '^ J ^ ^ c M c o o c M o c M o n o n t - c M ^ i - v o c M o n o n c M r H o ■ = * o n ^ t C M c n n h o o c o o h o h h h o o o h w o o o o w o o j h m o 2 2 3 3 2 9 9 2 3 9 5 3 9 2 2 5 ) ^ , 2 OOVO «H C M CM^- A H HVO LACA W O H H H H H O H O O O H C M H H O W O rH C M VO VO LA O O O O H 11 1 1 • I I I I I I I I £9 2 9 9 95 99 99 3 9 9 51 O VO OV rH <H rH rH m o C M C M rH^C rH LA 0 0 rH t — CA 2 O on on C M C M O O O C M O C M H C M rH H H rH O C M O O O r H 1 III I I I I I I I I I I | i O rH O o 'c o 'c o 9 2 r n t ? 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 ° ' ' ^ 9 5 O C M rH rH rH r - i ^ t 0 \ i i i i T ^ . C M i H r l r i O O O O O O H H O H r H C M O O O O O 1 1 » i I I I I I I I I I | | 3 £ 7 9 2 2 2 2 2 2 )9 5 9! ^ 9 ) 0 0 0 0 o cm la^j- o A H H O o m c ^ c M v o m HOrHrHrHrHrHHOrHOOrHCMCMrHrHCM OOrH O O H H C M H H O O 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I I I I I 1 2 m m 2 2 2 2 3 ) 9 2 03 C^COLArH OVO O LA C M VO O C h O U V t C M C M C M ' rHCMCMrHOOrHCMrHrHrHrHOCMiHHrHrHOOOtHOOCMOCM-^VO I I I | | I I I | | j m n n 9 ) 3 9 9 2 9 2 2 3 2 2 9 5 ^ ^ ° o c o v v o v o 0 0 LA CM l a m c o - h - 0 m C M O O r H H C M O r H C M r H O O O t H r H O H O O iS-Hf C M 0OCM rH rH O O C M ■ 1 1 < I I I I I I | | I I I | || 2 C M o 3 2 . 3 2 3 9 9 2 3 2 9 9 2 ) 5 ! 2 2 ° 0 0 0 c n o n v o O h la is - c m on H a i O C M O ^ O t H O I H H H H H ^ H H H H O H H O H H H ^ C M C M 1 i I I I | II 3 9 9 2 9 9 2 2 cm oo-=t- la v o o - c o a o h c m o n ^ t l a v o s - c o o o h w o i cm cm cm cm cm o n o n on o n on on on on on oo-^f ^ ^j- ^ l a l a l a l a TA BLE 3 (c o n tin u e d ) OJ. CO A A rl OJ O OAt— ACM O C M C O O IN - C O A-=d-.=d--3- a i n - a a a i n - a a t— tr - — t-— c - — D - pH M O rH in p H -= t p H C O p H C M H p H O pH S U O O S -P O C O PqOO tN - M O in C O C M u c O O > s C O IN- O -=t A A O C —O O Lf\ C T sC O C O H N O O O O O pH O O O H pH O O iH O O O t I I I I I pH LACOCT\0 OVCTMN-COts-OO C O C O N-CM-=t H H O H H O - d i n H p H H O H H r O O I I 1 m o h ^ - c o o i o h tN-^r a c o o c o o o h O O H O O H O O O O J H H H H O O I I I I I I I d d O d CO CO 00 O A -^t-V O 00 A A C O ACO 0 O O O ACM O O O O C O pHOHCMCO I I I I I I I I I I I I co o d —pHco a o in- c - — ov a o n m o o a 1 I C O rH O O C O C M O O C M O pH pH pH O pH I I I I M O rH o M O A C M AMO O O H SO H O CM 9 A H -d- A W 0 0 W H 0 4 ( M ( M H H I I i r i t I O ACM A O AMO C M t—1~- t— O N A S O C M O H O O pH O H pH O A O pH H H H I I I I C M rH CO-^f C M 0 -0 0 C O A A pH I n -C M rH V O A C M rHOCMHrHrHpHrHCM C M O A A A C M A A A A OO^t O O C O M O S-OOOO C M A C M W r H O H r l O H H A A H O C M H O I I I I ^ C M M O N-OOCM^t C M N -H C O ACM C-CM CM 9 O O O O O C M H H O J 1 — li— I O O i — I 1 — I II II I I I I I I 1 C M A A N- C M C M pH A rH A - ^ A A A C M C M H C M H O O O ACM CMOpH O C M O pHO ' I I I I I I II C M C M A O t— A A pH A C M A C M rH C M C M A H r H r l C M O O H O O H H O O O r l C M ■ I I I I I I I I H W H O O n N O A O O ^ A A r H ^ f O O C M C M Hd-OrltMOCM-d- A CO A A IN- A A O ■ = ! • A A A-df- 00 C O OMn- O O O H H O r l H O A O H A -= t pH C M A A Q l r l O O - d d O A r O O O J A C M O O H 9 O W H O H O C M r H A r H O O r H II t i l l || A A A-^t" C O A A C M 1 — I 1 — I C O M O O rH A h h o o o o c v i c j i h h o h h o h c o A-=t- IN-pH O IN-ACM C M O IN-A O A A C M H H H r H O A O O A pH C M pH C M A A A -=£ A A N-A A O rH C M 0O-=t A A N-CO A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 68 1 I i I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f th e R o t a t e d F a c t o r s j , I n t h i s s e c t i o n , o n ly t h o s e v a r i a b l e s w i t h l o a d i n g s j I g r e a t e r t h a n + 0 .3 0 on a f a c t o r w i l l be l i s t e d , a s i s c u s to m ary i n f a c t o r a n a l y t i c a l r e p o r t s . F a c t o r 1 - C o n fid en c e vs I n f e r i o r i t y V a r . L oad V a r ia b l e S ource L oadin g No. i n g T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r f a c t o r s 24 +. 66 C o n fid en c e vs i n f e r i o r i t y 16 PF H 3 +.56 S o c i a l P o ise 16 PF H 4, +.45 51 +.47 F e e l i n g s of a c c e p ta n c e GAMIN I 9, +.30 39 +.42 A scendance 16 PF H 1 1 , + . 4 3 68 +.36 Optim ism GZTS E 5 , + .4 4 ; 1 0, + .3 6 ;. 1 6 ,+ .3 2 67 + .33 F r i e n d s and a c q u a i n t a n c e s GZTS S 4, +. 48; 1 0 ,+ .3 1 69 +. 32 Even mood GZTS E 5 , + .3 5 ; 1 0 ,+ .3 3 ; 1 4 , - . 3 3 62 - .3 2 E m o tio n a l d e p r e s s i o n STDCR D 5 , - . 4 5 30 - . 4 5 I n f e r i o r i t y vs c o n fid e n c e 16 PF 0 5 , - . 3 6 8 - . 5 6 I n f e r i o r i t y vs c o n f id e n c e 16 PF 0 1 5 ,+ .3 7 59 - . 5 7 Lack o f s o c i a l p o is e STDCR S 1 3 ,+ .3 3 T h is f a c t o r lo a d s h e a v i l y f o r th o s e v a r i a b l e s w hich : seem t o be m e a su rin g C o n fid en c e v s . I n f e r i o r i t y ; 8 , 2 4 , 30, and 51. C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r s H and 0 seem t o c o l l a p s e i n t o t h i s one f a c t o r , a lt h o u g h l o a d i n g s a r e i n d i c a t e d on o t h e r i j f a c t o r s . As a n t i c i p a t e d from th e a n a l y s i s o f th e c o r r e l a t i o n m a t r i x , v a r i a b l e s f o r t h e G u i l f o r d F a c t o r s E, D, and S s p l i t t h e i r v a r i a n c e s to s e v e r a l f a c t o r s . The j G u i l f o r d v a r i a b l e num ber 59 from F a c t o r S p r o b a b ly s h o u ld j be more p r o p e r l y c o n s i d e r e d a c o n f id e n c e v a r i a b l e . j 70 1 l I F a c t o r 2 - M a s c u l i n i t y vs F e m in i n i ty . I V ar. Load V a r i a b l e S o u rc e L o a d in g No. in g T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r f a c t o r s 44 +.76 M a s c u lin e v o c a t i o n a l p r e f e r e n c e GAMIN M 1 +.70 M a le -fe m a le d ich o to m y 45 +.48 M a sc u lin e a v o c a t i o n a l p r e f e r e n c e GAMIN M 1 1 ,+ .3 0 47 - .3 2 AA-Drama DFOS AA 7 , + . 6 4 7 - . 4 6 C u l t u r a l i n t e r e s t s 16 PF M 7 , + . 3 6 • 6 - .6 5 R e fin e m e n t vs p r a c t i c a l i t y 16 PF I 1 6 , + . 31 5 - .7 3 R e fin e m e n t vs p r a c t i c a l i t y 16 PF I T h is i s one o f t h e b e s t d e f i n e d o f t h e o b ta in e d f a c t o r s . C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r I and G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r M seem to be th e same d im e n s io n . T here i s some r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h v a r i a b l e s fro m C a t t e l ' s M and fro m G u i l f o r d 's AA b u t t h e s e a r e r e l a t i v e l y m in o r. The name g iv e n by G u i l f o r d , M ascu l i n i t y v s . F e m i n i n i t y , i s w e ll s u i t e d f o r t h i s f a c t o r . F a c t o r 3 - N e rv o u sn e ss V a r i a b l e S o u rc e L o a d in g T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r ___________________________________________________ f a c t o r s V a r. Load No. i n g 53 +. 62 52 +.42 54 +.36 65 +. 30 GAM IN N GAM IN N GAM IN N 5 , + . 3 7 GZTS F 1 2 , - . 4 7 Lack o f n e r v o u s n e s s - ju m p in e s s Lack o f r e s t l e s s n e s s Lack o f f a t i g u e a b i l i t y Lack o f h o s t i l i t y The com posure a s p e c t s a s e x p e c te d fro m th e C a t t e l l v a r i a b l e f o r F a c t o r d i d n o t a p p e a r . H ow ever, a l l o f G u i l f o r d 's N e rv o u sn e ss v a r i a b l e s a p p e a r e d w i t h s i g n i f i c a n t l o a d i n g s . T h is f a c t o r i s w e ll d e f i n e d . Var. Load- No. in g F a c t o r 4 - S o c i a b i l i t y V a r ia b l e Source Loading T est F actor on oth er ______________ fa c to r s 66 +.58 L iking s o c ia l a f f a i r s GZTS S 6 , - . 3 1 j 2 +.55 S o c ia l i n t e r e s t 16 PF H 1 , + .3 3 1 67 +.48 F riends and acqu aintances GZTS S 1 * + .3 3 ; I 1 0 ,+ .3 1 ! 3 +.45 S o c ia l p o ise 16 PF H 1 , + .5 8 ! 63 +.36 -Tolerance GZTS P 9) +. 38 i 43 +.30 D rive f o r a c t i v i t y GAM IN G 1 4 ,+ .5 3 ! As exp ected , some of the C a tte ll v a r ia b le s 1 f o r 1 F actor H appeared w ith G u ilfo r d 's S f a c t o r v a r ia b le s . A ll o f th ese v a r ia b le s appear a ls o on oth er obtained fa c to r s although not to a g re a t degree ex cep t fo r the G a tte ll v a r ia b le S o c ia l P oise which has a h igh er lo a d in g on the Confidence v s . I n f e r io r it y f a c t o r . From t h is f a c t o r , i t can be assumed th a t G u ilfo r d 's S f a c t o r and C a t t e l l ' s H fa c to r are q u ite s im ila r . F actor 5 - C heerfulness vs D epression Var. Load V ariable Source No. in g T est F actor 68 + .44 Optimism GZTS E 54 + .37 Lack of f a t i g u e a b i l i t y G AM IN N 29 + .3 6 C ultu ral s e n s i t i v i t y 16 PF M 69 +.35 Even Mood GZTS E 32 - . 3 0 I n f e r io r it y vs con fid en ce 16 PF §4 15 - . 3 6 P e r s is t e n t e f f o r t 16 PF Qo 30 - . 3 6 I n f e r io r it y vs con fid ence 16 PF 62 - . 4 5 Emotional d ep ression STDCR D 56 - . 4 8 P h y sica l d e p le tio n STDCR D Loading on oth er fa c to r s 1*+. 3 6 ; 1 0 , + . 3 6 ; 1 6 ,+ .3 2 3 ,+ .3 6 8 ,+ .3 7 l , + . 3 2 ; 1 0 ,+ .3 3 ; 1 4 , - . 3 3 6 , + . 3 8 l , - . 4 5 l , - . 3 2 72 T h is f a c t o r i s n o t v e ry w e l l d e f i n e d e x c e p t f o r th e n e g a t i v e p o l e . D e p r e s s i o n , on w hich h o th o f th e G u i l f o r d D v a r i a b l e s a p p e a r . The G u i l f o r d v a r i a b l e s f o r F a c t o r E, E m o tio n a l S t a b i l i t y , a p p e a r on t h i s f a c t o r a s w e ll a s o t h e r s , s u g g e s t i n g t h a t t h e s e v a r i a b l e s m ig h t w e ll be c o n s i d e r e d a s r e p r e s e n t i n g an e m o t i o n a l i t y f a c t o r o t h e r t h a n :E m o tio n a l S t a b i l i t y . The C a t t e l l v a r i a b l e s f o r f a c t o r s M, 0 , 0, 3 * and Q4 a r e r e l a t e d to t h i s f a c t o r , p o s s i b l y b e c a u se o f th e o b liq u e n c e s o f th e C a t t e l l f a c t o r s . F a c t o r 6 - High E r g ic T e n s io n vs Low E r g i c T en sio n V ar. Load V a r ia b l e S o u rc e L oad ing No. i n g T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r f a c t o r s 16 +.47 E m o tio n a l im m a tu r ity 16 PF Q4 9 +.44 E m o tio n a l im m a tu r ity 16 PF 0 32 +.38 I n f e r i o r i t y vs c o n f id e n c e 16 PF Q4 5 j - . 30 33 +.32 N e rv o u sn e ss vs com posure 16 PF Q4 9 ^ - .3 1 66 - .3 1 L ik in g s o c i a l a f f a i r s GZTS S 4 ,+ . 5 8 22 - . 3 5 C o n fid en c e vs i n f e r i o r i t y 16 PF G The l o a d i n g on t h i s f a c t o r t e n d to c o n firm C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r Q,^, High E r g ic T e n sio n v s . Low E r g i c T e n sio n o r j j E x c i t a b l e v s . Composed. T here i s so m e th in g i n common w ith j th e C a t t e l l F a c t o r s G and 0 , and w i t h G u i l f o r d ’s S , j | a l t h o u g h s l i g h t i n th e l a t t e r c a s e . j 73 F a c t o r 7 - A e s t h e t i c A p p r e c i a t i o n V ar. L oad V a r ia b le S o u rce L oading No. i n g T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r f a c t o r s 46 + .62 AA-Graphic a r t s DFOS AA 16,+ .39 47 + .6 4 AA-Drama DFOS AA 2 , - . 3 2 48 + .55 A A - L ite ra tu r e DFOS AA 1 2 , - . 3 5 7 + .3 6 C u l t u r a l I n t e r e s t s 16 PF M 2 , - . 4 6 2 + .33 S o c i a l I n t e r e s t 16 PF H ■ 4,+ .55 60 + .31 L ik in g f o r s e r i o u s t h in k i n g STDCR T 1 6 ,+ .49 T his f a c t o r i s w e ll d e f i n e d a s G u i l f o r d ' s A e s t h e t i c A p p r e c i a t i o n f a c t o r . V a r ia b l e s from C a t t e l l ' s f a c t o r s H and M do a p p e a r , s u g g e s t i n g c o m p le x ity o f t h e s e f a c t o r s . One v a r i a b l e from G u i l f o r d 's T f a c t o r h a s a m in o r l o a d i n g b u t t h i s may more p r o p e r l y be c o n s id e r e d i n c o n n e c tio n w ith a n o t h e r f a c t o r , and o f m inor s i g n i f i c a n c e h e r e . V ar. Load- No. In g F a c t o r 8 - P r o t e n s i o n vs R elax ed S e c u r i t y V a r ia b l e S o u rce L o ading j T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r j _________f a c t o r s I 2 7 +.49 R esentm ent 16 PF L 1 5 ,+ .3 0 25 +.42 C r i t i c a l n e s s 16 PF L 29 +.37 C u l t u r a l s e n s i t i v i t y 16 PF M 5 ,+ . 36 26 +.31 C r i t i c a l n e s s 16 PF L 18 + .30 A scendance ( f a c e - t o - f a c e ) 16 PF E 1 1 ,+ .4 6 34 - .3 5 M oral s e n s i t i v i t y 16 PF C 1 0 ,+ .5 1 T his f a c t o r I s b e s t d e f i n e d a s C a t t e l l s f a c t o r L, P r o t e n s i o n v s . R elax ed S e c u r i t y o r S u s p e c tin g vs A c c e p t i n g . There a r e a l s o l o a d in g s fro m C a t t e l l ' s f a c t o r s C, E, and M, a g a in p o s s i b l y b e c a u se o f th e o b l iq u e n e s s o f th e C a t t e l l f a c t o r s . 74 F a c t o r 9 - T o le ra n c e o r P e r s o n a l R e l a t i o n s V ar. No. Load in g V a r ia b le S ource T e s t F a c t o r L oading on o t h e r f a c t o r s +.38 T o le ra n c e GZTS P 4 ,+ .3 6 64 + .36 T h ic k sk in n e d GZTS 0 1 0 ,+ .4 1 ; 1 1 ,+ .3 7 ; 1 4 , - . 3 3 51 +.30 F e e l i n g s o f a c c e p ta n c e GAMIN I l , + . 4 7 33 -.3 1 N ervou sness v s . composure 16 PF Q4 6 ,+ .3 2 T his f a c t o r i s n o t v e ry c l e a r b u t seems to be T o le ra n c e o r P e r s o n a l R e l a t i o n s , G u i l f o r d 's P f a c t o r . The G u ilf o rd 0 and I v a r i a b l e s have h i g h e r l o a d i n g s on o t h e r f a c t o r s , a s does C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r v a r i a b l e . V ar. Load No. in g F a c t o r 10 - E m o tio n al S t a b i l i t y o r E m o tio n al V a r ia b le S o urce L oading T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r f a c t o r s 36 34 35 64 +.54 Lack o f h y p o c h o n d r ia s is 16 PF C +.51 Moral s e n s i t i v i t y 16 PF C 8 , - . 3 5 + .4 9 Moral s e n s i t i v i t y 16 PF C 9 ,+ .3 6 ; 11, + .3 7 ; 1 4 , - . 3 3 +.41 T h ic k sk in n e d GZTS 0 + .3 6 Optimism GZTS E l , + . 3 6 ; 5 ,+ .4 4 ; 1 6 ,+ .3 2 +.33 Even Mood GZTS E l , + . 3 2 ; 5 ,+ .3 5 ; 1 4 , - . 3 3 +.31 F r i e n d s and a c q u a in t a n c e s GZTS S 1 , + . 3 3 j 4 ,+ .4 8 - .3 1 R a d ic a lis m vs c o n s e r v a tis m 16 PF % 67 40 T his f a c t o r seems t o c o n firm C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r C, E m o tio n al S t a b i l i t y o r Ego S t r e n g t h v s . D i s s a t i s f i e d E m o t i o n a l i t y . V a r i a b l e s f o r G u i l f o r d 's S c a le E, E m o tio n al | 75 S t a b i l i t y , d o es have l o a d i n g s on t h i s f a c t o r a s w e ll a s o t h e r s a s e x p e c te d . 1 i F a c t o r 11 - Dominance o r A scendance vs S u b m iss io n V a r. Load V a r ia b l e So urce L oading No. in g T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r j f a c t o r s I 18 +.46 A scendance 16 PF E 1 8 ,+ .3 0 i .37 +.■44 A scendance 16 PF E 39 +. 43 A scendance 16 PF H 1, +.42 j 38 +.40 C o n fid en ce vs i n f e r i o r i t y 16 PF E i 64 +.37 T h ic k s k in n e d GZTS 0 9 ,+ .3 6 * ! 10, +.41 j j 16 PF 1 4 , - . 3 3 ! 20 +.33 Lack o f m o ral r e s t r a i n t F | 42 +.31 R apid p a c e GAMIN G 1 4 ,+ .3 9 ! 45 +.30 M a sc u lin e a v o c a t i o n a l i i p r e f e r e n c e GAMIN M 2 , + . 4 8 The l o a d i n g s f o r t h i s f a c t o r te n d to c o n fir m th e C a t t e l l f a c t o r b u t t h e r e i s some r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h o t h e r C a t t e l l v a r i a b l e s and w ith v a r i a b l e s f o r G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r s G, M, and 0. These l a t t e r v a r i a b l e s have l a r g e r lo a d i n g s I on o t h e r f a c t o r s and can be c o n s i d e r e d o f l e s s e r im p o rta n c e • I h e r e . [ F a c t o r 12 - R hathym ia V ar. L oad V a r ia b l e S o u rce L o ad ing No. in g T e s t F a c t o r on othe: f a c t o r s 19 +.47 L ik i n g a c t i v i t y a n d change 16 PF F 21 +.47 Rhathym ia vs r e s t r a i n t 16 PF F 57 +. 46 C a r e f r e e n e s s vs r e s t r a i n t STDCR R 58 +.33 U nconcern vs s e r i o u s n e s s STDCR R 1 4 , - . 5 3 55 . - . 3 1 Lack o f g r e g a r i o u s n e s s STDCR S 1 3 ,+ .3 0 48 - . 3 5 AA-Li t e r a t u r e DFOS AA 7 ,+ .5 5 65 - . 4 7 Lack o f h o s t i l i t y GZTS F 3 ,+ .3 0 7.6 | The l o a d i n g s of th e v a r i a b l e s on t h i s f a c t o r s u g g e s t t h e e q u iv a le n c e of C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r F, S u rg en cy v s . j D e su rg e n c y , and G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r R, R hathym ia. B oth j ! C a t t e l l and G u i l f o r d d e f i n e th e rh a th y m ic p e rs o n a s hap p y - j I g o - lu c k y and c a r e f r e e . V a r ia b le 5 8 from G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r j R p ro b a b ly sh o u ld l o g i c a l l y be c o n s id e r e d more a G e n era l j A c t i v i t y v a r i a b l e th a n a n R v a r i a b l e even th oug h f a c t o r j l o a d i n g s w i l l v a ry from sam ple t o sam p le. F a c t o r 13 - S e l f - S u f f i c i e n c y vs Group Dependency j i V a r. Load- V a r ia b l e . S o u rce L oading ! No. in g T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r ! f a c t o r s 12 +.51 D i s l i k i n g a c t i v i t y w i t h o t h e r s 16 PF 0,2 31 +.45 Lack o f s o c i a l i n t e r e s t 16 PF 02 11 +.34 D i s l i k i n g a c t i v i t y w i t h o t h e r s 16 PF 02 59 ' +.33 Lack o f s o c i a l p o is e STDCR S l , - . 5 7 55 +.30 L ack o f g r e g a r i o u s n e s s STDCR S 1 2 , - . 3 1 17 - .3 4 S o c i a l i n t e r e s t 16 PF A T h is f a c t o r seems t o c o n firm th e C a t t e l l f a c t o r Q2 fro m w hich th e name i s ta k e n . T here i s some s u p p o r t from I I G u i l f o r d 's S v a r i a b l e s an d from C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r A v a ria b le .! C a t t e l l d e f i n e s th e p o s i t i v e p o le i n term s o f s e c l u s i v e - n e s s , o f b e in g r e s o l u t e } an d m aking o n e 's own d e c i s i o n s . 77 V ar. No. L oad in g F a c t o r 14 - G e n eral A c t i v i t y V a r ia b l e S o urce T e s t F a c t o r L oading on o t h e r f a c t o r s 43 + .53 D riv e f o r a c t i v i t y GAMIN G 4 ,+ .3 0 42 +.39 Rapid pace GAMIN G 1 1 ,+ .3 1 64 - . 3 3 T h ic k sk in n e d GZTS 0 9 ,+ .3 6 ; 1 0 ,+ .4 1 ; 1 1 ,+ .3 7 69 - . 3 3 Even mood GZTS E l , + . 3 2 ; 5 ,+ .3 5 ; 1 0 ,+ .3 3 58 - . 5 3 U nconcern vs s e r i o u s n e s s STDCR R 1 2 ,+ .3 3 Most p r o b a b ly , t h i s i s G u i l f o r d 's f a c t o r G, G e n era l A c t i v i t y , a lt h o u g h t h e r e i s some r e l a t i o n o f th e lo a d e d v a r i a b l e s to R hathy m ia. G u i l f o r d 's E S c a le and F a c t o r 0 v a r i a b l e s s p l i t t h e i r v a r i a n c e s on t h i s a s w e ll as o t h e r f a c t o r s . Both o f th e G v a r i a b l e s have o n ly m in or l o a d i n g s on o t h e r f a c t o r s , i n d i c a t i n g t h a t t h i s f a c t o r may be q u i t e u n i q u e . ! F a c t o r 15 - C o n sid e re d a s a r e s i d u a l f a c t o r iV ar. L oad- V a r ia b l e S ou rce L oadin g i |No. in g T e s t F a c t o r on o th e r ! j ___ ___________________________f a c t o r s i 8 +.37 I n f e r i o r i t y vs c o n fid e n c e 16 PF 0 1 j - .5 6 49 +.33 C u l t u r a l c o n fo r m ity DFOS CC 27 +.30 R esentm ent 16 PF L 8 ,+ .4 9 The v a r i a b l e s f o r t h i s f a c t o r have o n ly m inor l o a d - j i n g s h e re b u t , w ith t h e e x c e p ti o n o f C u l t u r a l C o n fo rm ity , j l a r g e l o a d i n g s on o t h e r f a c t o r s . I f a d d i t i o n a l v a r i a b l e s | i j r e p r e s e n t i n g F a c t o r CC had been p r e s e n t , i t i s q u i t e j 78 p o s s i b l e t h a t i t would have a p p e a r e d . O th e rw ise t h i s f a c t o r i s c o n s id e r e d a s a r e s i d u a l f a c t o r . F a c t o r 16 - T h in k in g o r R e f l e c t i v e n e s s i I V ar. Load- V a r ia b le S o u rc e L oadin g j No. in g T e s t F a c t o r on o th e r ! f a c t o r s I 61 +.57 A n a ly sis of s e l f and o th ers STDCR T 60 +.49 L ik in g fo r se r io u s th in k in g STDCR T 7* +.31 46 +.39 AA-Graphic a r t s ' DFO S A A 7 , +.62 68 I 1 +.32 Optimism CZTS E 1* +-36; 5 j + .4 4 ; 16 PF 1 0 ,+ .3 6 5 .31 Refinem ent vs p r a c t ic a lit y I 2 , - . 7 3 5 0 .31 M aintain o n e 's r ig h ts G A M IN A 41 1 .3^ R adicalism vs co n serv a tism 16 PF Q ]_ | A p p a re n tly t h i s f a c t o r i s G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r T, R e f l e c t i v e n e s s o r T h in k in g . The two v a r i a b l e s r e p r e s e n t i n g ■ - j t h i s f a c t o r l e a d th e l i s t . O th e r v a r i a b l e s , e x c e p t th o s e ' l f o r A and Q^, have s i g n i f i c a n t lo a d i n g on o t h e r f a c t o r s . ! F a c t o r 17 - C o n sid e re d a s a r e s i d u a l f a c t o r V a r. Load- V a r ia b l e S ou rce L oading' No. in g T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r j |_________________________________________________________________ f a c t o r s 23 +.39 M oral r e s t r a i n t 16 PF G i 15 +.30 P e r s i s t e n t e f f o r t 16 PF Q 5 * “*36 ! | Of th e two v a r i a b l e s r e p r e s e n t e d h e r e , one h a s a ; h i g h e r l o a d i n g on a n o t h e r f a c t o r . As i n d i c a t e d , p r e v i o u s l y , ; C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r G i s p r o b a b ly a h i g h e r o r d e r f a c t o r and I t h e r e f o r e would be e x p e c te d to s p l i t . However, a s u f f i c i e n t ! 79 j number of v a r i a b l e s were n o t p r e s e n t i n t h i s s t u d y to i n d i c a t e t h i s . Summary o f th e F a c t o r A n a ly s is | j I n t e s t i n g th e h y p o th e s e s , th e s e r e s u l t s i n d i c a t e ! th e f o l l o w i n g : i F a c t o r 1 - C onfidence v s . I n f e r i o r i t y j The l o a d in g s f o r t h i s f a c t o r te n d t o c o n firm the j t ' ; ! h y p o t h e s is t h a t t h e r e i s a r e l a t i o n s h i p betw een t h e ; C a t t e l l and G u ilf o r d f a c t o r s . C a t t e l l ' s f a c t o r s H and 0 ! seem t o c o l l a p s e i n t o one f a c t o r . Some o f th e G u ilf o r d ; v a r i a b l e s s p l i t t h e i r v a r i a n c e s o n to o t h e r f a c t o r s . F a c t o r 2 - M a s c u l in i t y v s . F e m in in ity | The lo a d i n g s f o r t h i s f a c t o r i n d i c a t e an a lm o s t one j ! • I t o one r e l a t i o n s h i p betw een C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r I and i | G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r M, s u p p o r t i n g th e h y p o t h e s i s . | F a c t o r 3 ~ N erv o u sn e ss The m ost s i g n i f i c a n t l o a d i n g s f o r t h i s f a c t o r were | on th e G u ilf o r d F a c t o r N v a r i a b l e s , s u p p o r tin g th e | h y p o t h e s i s . F a c t o r 4 - S o c i a b i l i t y I ! \ | L oad ing s f o r t h i s f a c t o r s u g g e s t s i m i l a r i t y betw een j 1 ! I G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r S and C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r H. I n th e j I l o b t a i n e d F a c t o r 1 , v a r i a b l e 3 from C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r H had a h i g h e r l o a d i n g th a n on t h i s f a c t o r , s u g g e s t i n g com- j | p l e x i t y o f th e C a t t e l l f a c t o r . ■ I F a c to r 5 - C h e e r fu ln e s s v s . D e p r e s s io n i j The m a jo r l o a d i n g s f o r t h i s f a c t o r , were on v a r - i i a b l e s from th e G u ilf o r d F a c t o r D and S c a l e E, w ith l o a d in g s on v a r i a b l e s from C a t t e l l F a c to r s M, 0 , anc^ ^4* i lan d t h i s te n d s t o c o n firm th e h y p o t h e s i s . j F a c t o r 6 - High E r g ic T en sio n v s . Low E rg ic i T e n s io n . [ V a r ia b l e s f o r t h i s f a c t o r lo a d e d h e a v i l y on i C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r Q4 . T h is was n o t one o f th e h y p o th e s iz e d f a c t o r s . F a c t o r 7 - A e s t h e t i c A p p r e c i a t i o n i L oadings f o r t h i s f a c t o r c o n firm th e a p p e a ra n c e of ’ G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r AA, w i t h some r e l a t i o n s h i p w ith I C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r s H and M. F a c t o r 8 - P r o t e n s i o n v s . R elax ed S e c u r i t y T his c o n firm s t h e C a t t e l l F a c t o r L a lth o u g h t h e r e j i i s some r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h v a r i a b l e s f o r C a t t e l l F a c t o r s C, ! E, and M. T h is f a c t o r was n o t h y p o th e s iz e d to a p p e a r , i F a c t o r 9 ~ T o le ra n c e o r P e r s o n a l R e l a t i o n s ; A lthough n o t v e ry c l e a r , t h i s f a c t o r te n d s to con- | f i r m G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r P. T h is f a c t o r was n o t h y p o th e - i s iz e d b e cau se of o n ly one m arker v a r i a b l e f o r i t . I F a c t o r 10 - E m o tio n a l S t a b i l i t y o r E m o t i o n a l i ty j j T his f a c t o r was h y p o th e s iz e d t o be a co m p o site of I | C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r C and G u i l f o r d 's S c a le E s in c e G u i l f o r d 's |S c a l e E i s a co m p o site o f h i s e a r l i e r f a c t o r s D e p re s s io n 8 l a n d C y clo id d i s p o s i t i o n s . F a c t o r 11 - Dominance o r A scendance v s. S u b m issio n T h is f a c t o r was h y p o th e s iz e d to be a com p o site o f C a t t e l l ' s F a c to r E and G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r A. The l a t t e r ! j d i d n o t a p p e a r i n t h i s f a c t o r . S i n c e G u ilf o r d d i s t i n - j I g u is h e s betw een Dominance an d A scendance, i t i s q u i t e j | |p o s s i b l e t h a t t h e s e a re s e p a r a t e d im e n s io n s (1 9 5 9 ). But ! i F a c t o r A had o n ly one v a r i a b l e r e p r e s e n t i n g i t . F a c t o r 12 - Rhathym ia I t was h y p o th e s iz e d t h a t C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r F and j I . i ! G u i l f o r d ' s F a c to r R a re s u b s t a n t i a l l y i d e n t i c a l . L oadings j | on the v a r i a b l e s f o r t h i s f a c t o r te n d to c o n firm t h i s ' | h y p o t h e s i s . ! | | F a c t o r 13 - S e l f - S u f f i c i e n c y v s. Group Dependency I t . w a s h y p o th e s iz e d t h a t t h i s C a t t e l l F a c t o r Qg ^ p r o b a b ly would a p p e a r as a u n i t y , and t h i s h y p o t h e s is I te n d s to be c o n firm e d . T h ere i s some s l i g h t r e l a t i o n s h i p j | | w i t h G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r - S b u t t h i s seems to be n e g l i g i b l e . I F a c t o r 14 - G en eral A c t i v i t y 1 i j L oad ing s f o r t h i s f a c t o r c o n firm s t h e a p p e a ra n c e o f G u i l f o r d 's G f a c t o r b u t t h e r e i s some r e l a t i o n s h i p to one i o f G u i l f o r d 's R v a r i a b l e s . i j j ! ! F a c t o r 16 - T h in k in g o r R e f l e c t i v e n e s s | ■ i G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r T seems t o be c o n firm e d a s i h y p o t h e s i z e d . R e l a t i o n s h i p s w ith o t h e r f a c t o r v a r i a b l e s i seem s to be m inor. j 82 F a c t o r s 15 and 17 w ere c o n s id e r e d as r e s i d u a l s . ' iH y p o th e siz e d f a c t o r s o f R a d ic a lis m v s . C o n se rv a tism and E m o tio n a l M a t u r it y d id n o t a p p e a r , p o s s i b l y b e c a u se o f an i n s u f f i c i e n t number o f v a r i a b l e s r e p r e s e n t i n g e ac h f a c t o r ! ! ' ! I i o r b e c a u se o f th e c o m p le x ity o f v a r i a b l e s f o r e a c h o f I I ! th e s e f a c t o r s . j | j P a t t e r n e d F a c t o r A n a ly ses I | I n o r d e r to overcome some o f th e p o s s i b l e c r i t i - ! j c i s m s lo f s u b j e c t i v i t y i n th e p r e v io u s a n a l y s i s , th e C a t t e l l : | and G u ilf o r d f a c t o r s were p a t t e r n e d , I n two s e p a r a t e j i j | r o t a t i o n a l s o l u t i o n s tow ard eac h o f th e C a t t e l l f a c t o r s land tow ard e a c h o f th e G u ilf o r d f a c t o r s . T hat i s , th e v a r i a b l e s r e p r e s e n t i n g each o f th e C a t t e l l f a c t o r s were I p a t t e r n e d tow ards th e f a c t o r w hich th e v a r i a b l e r e p r e s e n t e d and th e G u ilf o r d f a c t o r s were l e f t u n p a t t e m e d . |V a r i a b l e s r e p r e s e n t i n g th e G u ilf o r d f a c t o r s were p a t t e r n e d |i n a s i m i l a r m anner, w ith th e C a t t e l l f a c t o r s u n p a t t e r n e d . | The p a t t e r n s us.ed i n th e s e r o t a t i o n s a r e g iv e n i n Appendix ' I , : j D and Appendix E. 1 : I The r e s u l t i n g p a t t e r n e d varim ax r o t a t e d f a c t o r m a t r ix f o r th e C a t t e l l f a c t o r s i s g iv e n i n T able 4 , and : th e m a tr ix f o r th e G u ilf o r d f a c t o r s I s g iv e n i n T able ■ The r e s u l t s o f th e s e two p a t t e r n s a r e d i s c u s s e d j j i I s e p a r a t e l y , i n th e seq u en ce i n w hich each f a c t o r emerged i i i n th e r o t a t e d m a t r i c e s . TABLE 4 V A R IM A X R O T A T E D FA C TO R M A TR IX PA TTER N ED T O W A R D T H E CA TTELL FA C TO R S V ar. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 F a c to r 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 h2 1 -63 -11 04 05 -11 22 -18 -11 24 -18 -01 -14 -11 -11 65 2 02 14 -03 42 31 -03 -12 -05 -11 24 25 00 -48 03 68 ; 3 12 -04 18 72 24 24 -08 -01 -08 11 09 18 -12 05 77 ! 4 28 12 01 -04 07 16 05 27 -18 11 -11 -1 8 19 -07 33 ; 5 8 l -15 -03 -01 06 -04 04 13 -0 8 13 -1 8 20 02 07 81 ; 6 77 09 -12 01 -00 -12 -01 20 -07 -06 -03 11 -03 00 70 7 64 10 -15 05 -12 05 03 12 14 02 -11 -13 02 -11 55 8 11 -19 -05 -38 -0 6 -30 46 09 -12 03 -0 6 -14 -12 -11 57 9 -03 -10 -24 05 12 -02 50 01 11 -01 -13 03 13 -12 40 10 -05 09 04 14 -1 6 04 -13 -07 18 -11 -42 09 . -15 -06 3^ i l l 12 08 -15 -05 -15 33 07 01 17 -19 08 -48 08 02 49 12 -04 25 -07 17 -06 -06 01 -13 19 -02 -11 -53 17 -03 49 !13 -12 -0 6 12 02 -24 -30 -23 -0 9 05 01 -03 -01 -0 6 28 33 14 18 05 23 -13 -11 -24 -34 02 10 -20 06 03 10 02 36 13 -10 05 06 07 -02 -00 -08 -12 12 00 64 -04 -02 -01 47 16 -08 -0 7 -31 -10 -07 12 53 14 18 05 -02 -05 04 -03 48 17 15 07 00 07 01 -04 -02 -12 -08 02 -01 57 -0 8 16 41 18 -13 -09 -12 18 28 41 24 18 19 -0 6 -11 04 -19 -19 54 19 -05 -0 6 -08 03 59 -0 3 -03 -10 16 o4 -07 -09 -1 6 00 43 20 29 14 30 14 01 30 09 -15 05 02 -11 18 09 -13 41 21 07 03 07 34 48 -01 31 07 -04 -16 11 19 -19 -08 57 22 05 12 05 -02 -03 -11 -11 -02 -23 -01 02 16 20 47 39 23 03 14 04 06 -0 3 -17 -18 -21 -04 -07 25 25 25 13 34 24 -15 23 10 70 07 11 01 33 03 -08 07 13 -0 6 -08 73 N o te .—A ll decim al p o in ts have teen om itted . T A B L E 4 (c o n tin u e d ) 84 C M X J O CO H H -3 " COCO t^-O O O O -3" (A L A O LA-3" LALACQ C M LACO C M CO D —-=f O i r \ o o i n o o ^ j - la £—^ - 3 - c o c o t~ -c M -3 --3 - l a i> - co o - c o c o c o c o i n c o r f S ^ 7 ^ ' S ri 9 . ,HCVJ t-C O C O LT\CO n o LA CO ChCO-=f r-f C M O O H O O n O O n d O H H O C M O H H -3- H O H O O H O O H I I I I I I I « I I I I I I ^ C M O iH CO OAM D COCO LA COCO C A lA O -^-L A -= i-rH C X ) C M O t^CO M D COLA r l C M O O O H LA O O H O O C M O O H O C M O J O O O r l r l r l O r H W 1 I 1 1 1 1 I I I I I C M iH 0 CO C M C A C O CMlAHlAHCMCOCMC'—CMCMCOCMHCOCM-3-tA-CO['~-CMHCO O O H O O O H H O H H O O O O G l O H O r i O O O O O O W O 1 I I 1 I I I I I I t | | | | j | o CO CO C M C M CO COCO LA-3- C A H C M CACACO CO LA 00-3* LA t— rH CO C M C M O H O O H H O O O O O O J O O O r l O O W ( O O r i O O H f O r i ( \ | C M •^ ^ W ^ O J C M r H C q C O O O r H ^ -iH r H -3 -C M C M C O -^ -r H LA CO-3" O LA 00-3" CO O O O O O O O r H O O O O r H O O O O O O O 0 - 3 " -3- -3* C M C M O O 1 • I I I I I I I- I I I | ca P h o ■p O CO ,-i'^ O T C O L A L A t - _ H t-CTWO COD--00 t- — H C M CA CACO C M C M CO CO COLA H O O H O O O iH O i— l O r t O O O r i c o c m h c m o o o h h c o h o ■ I I I I I 2 1 ^ 2 ? ° ,HCO w O LA'-O CACOCM L A H H COiH H O LA OOCO O O O O p - J O i — I Q O O O O H C M O O C M C M C M O H O O I II IT I I I I | || 2 ^ O r-1 LA (A CO-3" O t-CO CO CO [>- O C^rH -3" CO H C M O C M H O O C O O C M W O I O O O H O H O H H H O t O H H O O O H 1 I I I I I t i l l I ^ t--'A '3 -C O j A iH ^ f - 0 0 ^ 3 -[> -r3 C 0 C A O C---3--3-<HCO L A L A -3 -O H H O r l O O O H O O O H 3 l A ( O O O O H W C M ( O O O O H C M H I I I I I I i i | LA| C M t^ -3 - OCMCOCOCOLAHrH CAOO LACO C M CO CO-3" CO CO COCO CO CO C M LA O 0 0 a i 0 0 0 H 0 0 H 0 ° 0 0 4 0 0 C M H ( M H 0 i - i H 0 0 r l 3 1 I I I I I l | | | || CO LA L A O CO [>-CO CO O CACM C O N -H C O L A C A O H -3"C O O O CO LA LACO CO O H H O O O T O H H O O O C M M O O H H O W H O O O H C O H ^ C M CO HCOCO CO CM COCAHCMOHCMHHt—OLAOCMCM t— E'--3' CO ? "T ? W H H O H O O O C M O r H O J H O J C y H H C M CO w -3- H <0£r<X> ID O C O CAC0-3- 0 0 LA C M CO H -3- pH CO H -3- -3* CO£--CO C M LA-3- C M C M C M O C ^ H H H C O ^ L A H O H C O O H O O OH CMO HOC OC M S'"?! t^-^CM O O c o o C M COCO iH O -3-C O C O C O L A O C O CO CA CA CA CO t— CAOD 3 W H H H H O O H O O O H O O H O O H C O C 0 3 3 3 H H O W ■ I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I | u C tf O > s LACO C'-OO CA O H C M CO-3- LACO £*-00 CA O H C M CO-3" LACO C--CO (A O H C M C M C M C M C M C M CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO-3^ - 5 ■ =? -3*-3h i t ^ LA LA IA TA BLE 4 (co n tin u e d ) 85 O J rP -3* I-1 on rH < M r— 1 C T > U O •P O O O C r f P h V O LTi O' O J U e rf O > S C O rH O J C O t>- rH OMO L T V OOO OOO lA O O J O J C O L A ^nf- OOl OMD C A LA LACO o -v o t— t>- i>- C — -s J 'O J r H O -^ tr H C O O C O O A O 0 0 LA VO-=f a \ t H O OJ o CpCM-H- H O O O r l r l H H O O H ■ I I I I I I I I CO-H- O J t— -=t O C O ^t LO-^r-^t !S-OJ-=J- C —O J rH O O r t O O O J O O r H O J H O O O J H O O I I I I 0 0 O J O J OCO OMJOLOOJ rH-=t LAOJ O V Q O C T v O O r H O O O i H O O J O O r H O O J O J O J O 1 i 1 1 r 1 1 OO-^t C U O J C O in O J tH O J l> -O J in O O C O O O O O C J O O H H O H O O O O O J O d l r l O O I - I I I 1 IT -=f OOCOOJ 00 OON-CO Lf\CO C O O O C —Lnt'-O'iOJ iHrHOrHOOJiHOJOJOJOJiHO-St'OJrHOJ CO t-CO LnOOO-=^OOOOOOrHOO-^-^i-OJOJOO rH O O O H 00 O J 00 00 O r l O H O O r l r H I I I I I I O C '-0-= t OJCO 0— CO OJ-^trHCJCO-=J-I>-0 O O H O J O O O 0 0 O J tH 0 0 0 O O O rH O I I I I I I I I 0 0 0 trv=t- £ ■ — c o o jo o o in-=J- oo-^f 0 0 0 o j i n rHOOJOrHOOJrHiHiHOOOiHOOJOJ I I I I 1 I I I I 0 0 OO t '- CT\.=t OJ i n rH CO OO OJ C '-O n l-V O iH O J O J O O O i H O O J O J H O H O O O O O O I I I I I I I I I m c o i> - 0y ^ - o o o o j c r \O M n in t'~ - c r \o o a '\D '- r p H ^ - O r O H H H H H C U O ^ O O C M O H I I I I I I I I I in - 3- i n 01 m o j m v o o i o o ^ f i n ^ t k h m H H H H H H -^O H H O JH H -^-^ O n rO i>^;4- c n s K 0 \ L nH0J H H in w -^ ro H m m H ^ t h 0 1 0 1 o o o p o o i n H o 1 1 in o N c o oo^rf-co H o o o H c o L n o o a i n H n o o j H O J H H o o r H c v j - ^ T o o u-y=j- o o o u v rf- I I I I I I H H H i n O t - i n o OOO 0 0 t— rH-=J- HiHOJ O O H H H O O ^ n O H O P O H O O r i I I I I I I I o r w l a v q t—c o c r \ o ih o j o o ^j- i n v o t - c o o \ i n n i n u o i n i n in v o v p v p v p v o v o v p v o vo c o TABLE 5 VARIMAX ROTATED FACTOR MATRIX PATTERNED TOW ARD THE GUILFORD FACTORS V ar. F a c to r No. 1 2 8 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 h2 -11 -2 7 09 09 -0 8 -24 -1 6 68 1 21 06 -47 -21 -12 30 -25 07 2 42 16 -03 43 -09 05 -14 -04 3 47 02 19 53 -10 18 -01 -07 4 09 -10 17 -0 6 -11 -01 32 -04 5 -21 -13 60 23 07 -3 0 39 -06 6 -01 -02 55 01 05 -3 4 30 -11 7 -00 01 51 -13 06 -02 27 07 8 -47 -23 11 -28 -07 -21 — 12 -01 9 -27 -32 16 -01 -0 6 12 -04 22 10 03 02 -02 06 16 03 -11 -13 11 18 04 11 -45 -23 21 13 17 12 12 23 20 -21 01 37 -13 08 13 -17 13 -00 10 19 06 -28 -23 14 03 23 ' 14 -19 25 -14 07 -24 15 19 14 -07 -10 20 18 -10 20 16 -32 -22 -05 -22 -29 18 03 19 17 -09 06 -03 37 13 -31 04 -07 18 19 -40 -11 04 -17 22 15 12 19 12 -03 04 24 -0 7 06 15 05 20 12 11 13 08 18 -04 26 02 21 27 -17 16 29 -0 9 -07 01 -11 22 -09 13 01 23 -02 -15 04 -23 23 01 19 08 15 31 -11 -03 07 N o t e .—A ll d ecim al p o i n t s have been o m itte d . 36 -0 8 24 -17 04 25 11 72 09 -0 2 22 24 25 -02 09 78 07 22 -25 04 -0 6 03 20 33 24 16 01 15 -0 3 04 -05 83 34 16 -05 -0 6 13 04 -07 70 33 25 -02 00 -05 -09 -0 6 55 11 02 04 -0 8 -1 8 18 27 58 -10 08 15 -1 6 04 -1 8 26 44 08 07 07 09 -17 -46 -1 5 35 -01 25 05 -04 -10 -0 0 -15 49 -12 21 -10 -19 -2 6 -1 1 05 50 -11 -03 -0 8 05 -13 10 -3 1 37 -04 - l 8 -14 05 02 04 -20 36 -06 -12 14 -03 24 42 -09 47 10 14 15 -17 16 -11 14 49 04 04 14 03 32 -0 9 -11 42 11 -05 33 -04 -00 -26 15 54 -0 6 -28 25 -31 -28 -00 11 A 3 -03 20 20 32 08 -20 17 41 02 -13 41 -1 7 24 -02 35 59 -29 19 -17 -04 15 16 -20 39 -28 -01 -09 -04 24 12 -16 36 TA BLE 5 ( c o n tin u e d ) 8 7 °i: A a O J 1 — I (H < — I O rH P h O O S ■P O CO U - vo A on OJ u C lj o t> S ~t- o H o j i n i n i n c o c o 4 - o H 4 - o i o w v o a n-cm v o n - a on n - t> -A -= t a a.^ 1- o --= f i n c— =i- -n- - 3 - a ih - c m a n - v o n - v o v o 0 0 0 0 a o j o j c o t'-o o o j-^ J - l a o o j a a v o o h h n -cm o j 01 c~-vo a v o o o j h h h o o o o o o h o o o o h o h o o c u h h o o h o o I I t I t I I I I I 1 1 I I 1 I I V ^ ^ r H V O r H ^ O O O A A O r H r H O H r H OnAt'-AOHCM A OHO AN-CM H O O O H O O O O O W O I O O H O O H H O J W H O O J O I A O o n rH CO OH-^J- 0 0 iH rH VO OO CO CO VO D —VO H -=fr O VO H 0 0 f—VO A rH VO OJ ( n O H O O O O H H O O C J H O O H O I O O H H O O O O O H I I 1 I I I I I t I I O VO N -0 0 -=t OJ N - A -= f rH VO C M CO OH N-VO f - on H N - N-CO f O O 0 - 4 N O O O r H O O H O C M Op CV J H O O O J H H O O H H O H O I O H O > >1 I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I - ^ - ^ A I^ A A H A C H V O O C M V O V O V O O C O C M °V 1-1 C V J C O rH 0 0 OJ rHOO Q O n O O r l Q O O O O O O O O J O f n o C J i n i n O H O l H H H H I I I I I I I I I I I I I CO OH VO -=fr 0 0 OO H N - A A C O VO rH C 3H C M -M - OH C M A VO 0 0 N - O -= 3 * OJ OO A o o o o j o o w h o q h o j ^ h h h h o i h o h o o j h o i o o I I I I I I t I I I I £ - £ O c o ° c^nco c n v o ^ t a o c o a v o o n on a v o h A n o - ^ H H a o i O CO O > I rH OJ O CO i— l O O J O O i —I O r l O O H r l O A - = t A V O O O I I I I I I I 1111 rH OH C M C M N -C M A A C M C O rH -= tN -A O n rH t''-O V O V O C M rH OH N--=J- OJ -=f O J O O J O O C O O O O O O P O O l O J O H O O O H O O H O r H O O O O I I I I III I III S r i O A O O AOH.=j- c o c o A A V O A O v 3 - c O - = t rH A C O O VO OHrH A H O H H H O J H O H O H H O O O J H O H O H H O A ACM O H 1 i ii i I T I ^ rf^ C C l VO A O H O H N -.= f 0 0 C M A A O OH C M A CM-H" VO rH O v o rH C T\O rH t n o i H O l O J r l r l H r l r H O O O O J H 0 O H 4 H H ( O H H O O O A I I I I | -=t rH A O J O J v o O H N- O H C O C O O O O J 00 C V 1 V O AVO V O -=J- O 0000000-^1- o \ H W H O H H O O O G J O O H O I O O O O H O H H O H O H O O ■ ■ I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I A A-=t" rH H H rH 00 ot V O ACO 00 AVO O J rH O J ACO rH O-=d"OO rH CVJOOrHrHrHCMrHrHOOOOrHO O O J H H H O O J O I H H H I I I I I I I I I I I I I CV_>rir> 1 — 100 * — 1 C —C O OOChOHOOHHOJ-^ N-VO A O H OOrH OO^f OOOOJOrHrHHHrH rH rH O O JO JrH O O O O O O VpVO rH O JO JO ^ I I I I I C V J .J A O -J o O O O O O V O O N -V O N --^t OH O A rH rH N -A C O OJ O OH A N - C V l C M ^t-= t CO CO C M OJ C M 0O-=|- O I O J H O H O O O O O O O H O O O I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I | | ErCVl o OJ ACM A A .= f- ACM A V O H O ACM N -A -H * OOCO rH O H O N -^J- i C y O r H O ' ^ ’ CM OOOJ C M rH C M CO A -=fr O O O O O O C M O r H O O I I t i l l | III -=t A V O N-CO O H O rH C M O O ^t A V O N-CO O H O rH C M A -^J- A V O N-CO O H O C M C M C M C M C M C M A A CO 0 0 CO A OO OO OO A - ^ -=j- -=*- -St"Uj- i t -Sh ^ A TA BLE 5 (c o n tin u e d ) °i: !^),( 2 .C 2 0 0 9 9 9 2 fc-rH O M v m m c o c o o m a n n a i m v o v o i n - t s t o n ir \v o m i n i n v o c-~-vo t>-vo t— L O rH rH m i n rH VO-=J- OJ C h N -H H O H V O IO V O H - s f O O O O r l O O s H A i H H O r l H O l O O r O O H st ■ rH o v o o o j o j co rH ^ t- o j t— i n t- — O M ncM c o t ' - v o m s t O H O I O O O O O O O O O O H O W O O O ' I f t t T | on rH OM>- OOVO o 1 0 4 O O rH OVVO C T \-t OJ S t r H r H H O O H O O J O H O O J O l H O O l H c p OJ rH ^ rH 9 0 S t rH 0 0 m e - —=t rH O V s t s t s t i n rH N -O V st rH OOVO O l H O H r H H H O O H r H r H O O O H i— 1 rH o n o v o c o c o s t c o n o j o j s t v o i-h v o o j f-h v o t— 0 r H C V J O O O O r H O J O O O O O O r H O J H O O J > > I I t 1 1 I 1 1 | | o r - 1 o n o ^ r H 01 k n o m s t h 0 v o o j v o 0 0 t — m s t o j OJ i-H H OJ O JH OJ O Or lO O JO JO JL nO OO JO O I I 1 1 1 1 1 F a c to r . 8 . 9 C M S t OJ o n v o rH VO VQ i n H H 0 4 0O m c o CO O-rH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 oncv! O O O r l r l i — 1 0 0 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 t — 0 cm v o s t cm c o o s t v o c M s t r H v o o M n t n - o c o O H r H s t O V O O r H r H O O s t r H r H r H O r H s t C n 1 1 1 1 1 1 l i t I I I !>- OVOJ C M t>- O t — C M s t rH l>- 1 — 1 t — s t S t v o CO C V J CO i n o o o o o j o o o o m vo r - H O H O o o o r H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 VO c o 0 h o v c o m s t rH c o s t m o O M n ^ i- s t t - m c o H r l r H H O O H O O W H O O r H O r l r l C M C M in CO | t - s t C M CO rH C M S t CO rH m C M -=t C M rH OOVO O O ' H C n H r H O H O J rH r i O OJ ICrHVOCJ O OJ i n C M ■si- i n rH s t COGVCM C h O -H C M O C O CT\COst rH s t C^CM O C M 0 O o n o O O C M O r H O O O O 0- s f oj OJ on cm cm s t 0 o j avrH o n i> - O M n o n s t c o s t o t - t - m O W H r i H O O O O H O H O O r i H O O H 1 I 1 1 I 1 I T I OJ L n iO C ^ O 1-1 ^ C M rH COOJ C M rH on COCO o v o s t OJ C O rl CO CM rH O r l O O O O t— C M 0J O H C M CO rH a v s t 0 m m c o crvvo 0 c o s t s t c o s t c o rH 0 cm cm OJOOJOCMO Or H t j - OO Cp OC MO CMC OO J CO • ^ • C ti O > £5 rH cm c o s t m v o t ' - c o cti o rH cm c o s t m v o t—CO o\ m m m m m m m m m v o v o v o v o v o v o v o v o v o v o 89 R o ta tio n tow ard th e C a t t e l l F a c to r s I n t h i s s e c t i o n w i l l be d i s c u s s e d th e r e s u l t s o f th e f a c t o r a n a l y s i s when th e f a c t o r s were t a r g e t e d tow ards th e C a t t e l l f a c t o r s . The t a r g e t m a tr ix i s g iv e n i n A ppendix D. F a c t o r 1 - P rem sia vs H a r r ia ( I ) V ar. No. Load in g V a r ia b le S o u rc e T e s t F a c t o r Loading on o t h e r f a c t o r s 5 + .8 1 R efinem ent vs p r a c t i c a l i t y 16 PF I 6 + .77 R e fin e m e n t vs p r a c t i c a l i t y 16 PF I 7 + .6 4 C u l t u r a l I n t e r e s t s 16 PF M 47 +.49 AA-Drama DFOS AA 1 0 ,+ .4 4 48 + .49 A A - L ite r a tu r e DFOS AA 1 0 ,+ .4 0 46 + .4 9 AA-Graphic a r t s DFOS A A 6 ,+ .3 4 ; 7 ^- . 3 0 ; 1 0 ,+ .4 3 60 +.40 L ik in g f o r s e r i o u s t h i n k i n g STDCR T 8 ,+ .3 4 ; 9 ,+ .3 3 65 +.31 Lack o f h o s t i l i t y GZTS F 2 ,+ .4 3 ; 5 , - . 4 7 61 +.30 A n a ly s is o f s e l f and o t h e r s STDCR T 9 ,+ .3 3 25 - .4 9 C r i t i c a l n e s s 16 PF L 1 - . 6 3 M a le-fem ale dichotom y 45 - . 6 3 M a sc u lin e a v o c a t i o n a l p r e f e r e n c e GAMIN M 44 - . 6 8 M a sc u lin e v o c a t i o n a l 1 p r e f e r e n c e GAMIN M 1 i The v a r i a b l e s r e p r e s e n t i n g t a r g e t s f o r t h i s f a c t o r a p p e a re d a s p a t t e r n e d b u t many o t h e r v a r i a b l e s a l s o a p p e a re d , p a r t i c u l a r l y th o s e v a r i a b l e s r e p r e s e n t i n g j i G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r M. The lo a d i n g s s u g g e s t t h a t C a t t e l l ' s ! ! F a c t o r I and G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r M a r e m ea su rin g much th e I same V ar. No. a r e a , L oad in g c o n firm in g r e s u l t s m en tio n ed p r e v i o u s l y F a c t o r 2 - E m o tio n a l S t a b i l i t y (C) V a r ia b l e S o u rce T e s t F a c t o r 90 • L oading on o t h e r f a c t o r s 34 + .6 8 Moral s e n s i t i v i t y 16 PF C 36 + .5 8 Lack o f h y p o c h o n d ria s is 16 PF C 64 + .5 5 T h ic k sk in n e d GZTS 0 3 ,+ .5 1 68 + .51 Optimism GZTS E 3 ,+ .4 3 ; 4 ,+ .3 1 69 + .4 9 Even mood GZTS E 3 ,+ .4 1 ; 4 ,+ .3 5 35 + .44 Moral s e n s i t i v i t y 16 PF C 1 4 ,+ .3 0 65 + .4 3 Lack o f h o s t i l i t y GZTS F 1 ,+ .3 1 ; 5 , - . 4 7 67 + .39 F r i e n d s and a c q u a in ta n c e s GZTS S 4 ,+ .4 7 63 + .3 8 T o le ra n c e GZTS P 3 ,+ .3 1 ; 8 , - . 3 4 51 4o + .35 - . 3 1 F e e l i n g s o f a c c e p ta n c e R a d ic a lis m vs c o n s e r v a tis m G A M IN 16 PF I Ql 4 ,+ .3 8 59 - . 3 1 Lack o f s o c i a l p o i s e STDCR S 4 , - . 4 5 62 - .4 1 E m o tio n al d e p r e s s i o n STDCR D 3 , - . 3 2 30 - . 4 5 I n f e r i o r i t y vs c o n fid e n c e 16 PF 0 4 , - . 3 6 ; 7 ,+ .3 0 ; 3 j - . 4 8 F a cto r C v a r ia b le s had h ig h lo a d in g s in t h is pattern,! I but as in the p rev io u s a n a ly s is , th ere were lo a d in g s from o th er v a r ia b le s , in c lu d in g th ose fo r G u ilfo r d ’ s F a cto rs D, |E, F , I , and S , su g g e stin g th a t t h is fa c t o r i s f a i r l y complex and may be m easuring more than Em otional S t a b i l i t y . A b e t te r name fo r t h is f a c t o r might be “E m o tio n a lity .'1 | .......................... .....'"■ ■ ■ "■ ...... " 9 1 “ ....~j F a c t o r 3 - H igh E rg ic T e n s io n (Q4 ) | V ar. Load V a r ia b le Source L oading No. in g T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r f a c t o r s 53 +.57 Lack o f n e r v o u s n e s s - 54 + .54 ju m p in ess GAMIN N 5 , - . 3 5 Lack o f f a t l g u e a b i l i t y GAMIN N 64 +.51 T h ic k sk in n e d GZTS 0 2 ,+ .5 5 6 8 ' +.43 Optimism GZTS E 2 , + . 5 1 ; 4 ,+ .3 1 69 +.41 Even mood GZTS E 2 , + . 4 9 ; + .38 4 ,+ .3 5 52 Lack o f r e s t l e s s n e s s GAMIN N 5 ,- .'4 0 63 +.31 T o le ra n c e GZTS P 2 , + . 3 8 ; 16 PF 8 , - . 3 4 20 +.30 Lack o f m oral r e s t r a i n t F 6 ,+ .3 0 16 - .3 1 E m o tio n al im m a tu r ity 16 PF Q4 7 , + . 5 3 26 - .3 2 G r i t i c a l n e s s 16 PF L 62 - .3 2 E m o tio n al d e p r e s s io n STDCR D 2 , - . 41 56 - .4 3 P h y s i c a l d e p l e t i o n STDCR D 1 4 , - . 3 0 30 - . 4 8 I n f e r i o r i t y vs c o n fid e n c e 16 PF 0 2 , - . 4 5 ; 4 , - . 3 6 ; 16 PF 7 j + . 30 32 - . 5 3 I n f e r i o r i t y vs c o n fid e n c e % 33 - .6 2 N ervou sness vs composure 16 PF L oadin gs on v a r i a b l e s f o r t h i s f a c t o r s u g g e s t a | s i m i l a r i t y betw een and G u i l f o r d ' s N e rv o u sn e ss fa c to r., ia lth o u g h t h e s e were s e p a r a t e i n the p r e v io u s a n a l y s i s . I f [ a d d i t i o n a l f a c t o r s had b een added to t h e r o t a t i o n a l p a t - j t e r n , p e rh a p s th e s e two f a c t o r s would have s e p a r a t e d . i F a c t o r 4 - P arm ia vs T h r e e t i a (H) Var. No. Load in g V ariab le Source T est F a cto r Loading on o th e r f a c t o r s 3 + .72 S o c ia l p o ise 16 PF H 24 + .70 C onfidence vs i n f e r i o r i t y 16 PF H 8,+ .3 3 67 + .47 F rien d s and acq u a in ta n ces G Z T S S 2 ,+ .39 66 + .44 L ikin g s o c ia l a f f a ir s G Z T S S 5 ,+ .3 9 ; 10 ,+ .45 F a c to r 4 ( c o n t ) V ar. No, Load in g V a r ia b le Source T e s t F a c t o r L oading . on o t h e r f a c t o r s 39 + .45 Ascendance 16 PF H 5 ,+ . 4 6 ; 6 ,+ .3 7 2 + .42 S o c i a l i n t e r e s t 16 PF H 5 ,+ .3 1 ; l o , - . 4 8 51 + .3 8 F e e li n g s of a c c e p ta n c e GAMIN ~~1 2 ,+ .3 5 69 + .35 Even mood GZTS E 2 , + . 4 9 ; 3 ,+ .4 1 21 + .34 Rhathymia vs r e s t r a i n t 16 PF F 5 , + . 4 8 ; 7 ,+ .3 1 68 + .31 Optimism GZTS E 2 , + . 5 i ; 3 ,+ .4 3 30 - . 3 6 I n f e r i o r i t y vs c o n fid e n c e 16 PF 0 2 , - . 4 5 ; 7 ,+ .3 0 ; 3 , - . 4 8 8 i CO 00 • 1 I n f e r i o r i t y vs c o n fid e n c e 16 PF 0 6 , - . 3 0 ; 7,+ .4 6 59 - .4 5 Lack o f s o c i a l p o is e STDCR S 2 j - . 3 1 i t L oadings on v a r i a b l e s f o r t h i s f a c t o r , a s I n the |p r e v io u s a n a l y s i s , s u g g e s t th e s i m i l a r i t y o f C a t t e l l ' s I F a c t o r H and G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r S. I n a d d i t i o n t h e r e i s !some s i m i l a r i t y betw een th e C a t t e l l F a c t o r s H and 0. F a c t o r 5 “ S urg en cy vs D esurgency (F) V ar. Load V a r ia b le S ource L oading No. in g T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r f a c t o r s 19 + .59 L ik in g a c t i v i t y and 16 PF change F 21 + .4 8 Rhathym ia vs r e s t r a i n t 16 PF F 4, + .3 4 ; 16 PF 7 , + .3 1 39 + . 46 Ascendance H 4 ,+ . 4 5 ; 66 6 ,+ .3 7 + .3 9 L ik in g s o c i a l a f f a i r s GZTS S 4, + .4 4 ; 1 0 ,+ .4 5 57 + .3 4 C a r e f r e e n e s s vs r e s t r a i n t STDCR R 1 4 ,- 1 3 0 2 + .31 S o c i a l I n t e r e s t 16 PF H 4 ,+ . 4 2 ; 1 3 , - . 4 8 F a c to r 5 ( c o n t) V ar. Load- No. i n g V a r ia b l e S ource T e s t F a c t o r 93 L oading on o t h e r f a c t o r s 53 - .3 5 Lack of n e rv o u sn ess- jum piness G A M IN N 52 - .4 0 Lack o f r e s t le s s n e s s G A M IN N 55 - .4 7 Lack o f g r e g a r io u sn e ss STDCR S 65 - . 4 7 Lack o f h o s t i l i t y G ZTS F 3 ,+ .5 7 3 ,+ .3 8 1 , + . 3 U 2 ,+ . 43 C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r F seems to be s e p a r a t e b u t w ith some r e l a t i o n s h i p to C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r H and G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r s N, R, S, and F . G u i l f o r d 's Rhathymia f a c t o r d id a p p e a r b u t n o t a s s t r o n g l y a s e x p e c te d , n o r a s s t r o n g l y a s i n th e p r e v io u s a n a l y s i s . F a c t o r 6 - Dominance vs S u b m issio n (E) V ar. L oad V a r ia b l e S ource L oading No. i n g T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r f a c t o r s 38 + .54 C o n fid en ce vs i n f e r i o r i t y 16 PF E 37 + .43 A scendance 16 PF E 18 + . 4 l A scendance 16 PF E 39 + .3 7 A scendance ■16 PF H 4 ,+ .4 5 ; 46 5 ,+ .4 6 + .3 4 AA-Graphic a r t s DFOS AA 1 , + . 4 9 j 7 , - . 3 0 / 1 0 ,+ .4 3 11 + .3 3 D i s l i k i n g a c t i v i t y w ith 16 PF 1 2 , - . 4 8 o t h e r s Qg 20 + .3 0 Lack o f m o ral r e s t r a i n t 16 PF F 3 ,+ .3 0 8 - .3 0 I n f e r i o r i t y vs c o n fid e n c e 16 PF 0 4 , - . 3 8 ; 7 ,+ .4 6 13 - .3 0 Lack o f I m p u ls iv e n e s s 16 PF % L oadin gs on v a r i a b l e s f o r t h i s f a c t o r i n d i c a t e C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r E w i l l h o ld up a s a u n i t y , a lth o u g h t h e r e a r e some l o a d i n g s on v a r i a b l e s f o r th e H f a c t o r . G u i l f o r d ' s F a c t o r A d id n o t a p p e a r h e r e , s u g g e s t i n g t h a t C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r E and G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r A a r e m ea su rin g d i f f e r e n t a r e a s . V ar. No. Load in g F a c t o r 7 - G u i l t P ro n e n e ss (0) V a r ia b l e S ource T e s t F a c t o r L oading on o t h e r f a c t o r s 16 + .53 E m o tio n a l im m a tu r ity 16 PF % 3 , - . 3 1 9 + .50 E m o tio n al im m a tu r ity 16 PF 0 8 + .4 6 I n f e r i o r i t y vs c o n fid e n c e 16 PF 0 4 , - . 3 8 ; 6 , - . 3 0 21 + .31 R hathym ia vs r e s t r a i n t 16 PF F 4 ,+ .3 4 ; 5 ,+ .4 8 30 +.30 I n f e r i o r i t y vs c o n fid e n c e 16 PF 0 2 , - . 4 5 ; 4 , - . 3 6 ; 3 , - . 4 8 46 - .3 0 AA-Graphie a r t s DFOS AA l , + . 4 9 ; 6 ,+ .3 4 ; 1 0 ,+ .4 3 14 - . 3 4 Lack of im p u ls iv e n e s s 16 PF Q3 L oadin gs o f C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r 0 v a r i a b l e s on t h i s I land o t h e r f a c t o r s s u g g e s t t h a t t h i s f a c t o r w i l l n o t h o ld up a s a u n i t y . T here a r e number o f lo a d in g s on v a r i a b l e s i I f o r C a t t e l l F a c t o r s C, H, and ^ 4 * ! j ! F a c t o r 8 - A u tia vs P r a x e r n i a (M) V a r ia b l e V ar. Load- No. in g Source . L o ading ! T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r I f a c t o r s 2 9 +.62 C u l t u r a l s e n s i t i v i t y 16 PF M 27 +.51 R esen tm en t 16 PF L 28 +.39 C u l t u r a l s e n s i t i v i t y 16 PF M 60 +.34 L ik in g f o r s e r i o u s t h i n k i n g STDCR T 1, + .4 0 ; 9 ,+ .3 3 95 F a c t o r 8 ( c o n t) V ar. L oad V a r ia b le S o u rc e L oading No. i n g T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r f a c t o r s 24 +.33 C onfid en ce vs i n f e r i o r i t y 16 PF H 4, +.70 63 - .3 4 T o le ra n c e GZTS P 2 , + . 3 8 ; 3 ,+ .3 1 j Only one o f th e M v a r i a b l e s had a v e ry h ig h l o a d i n g | ( 0 . 6 2 ) . C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r L had one v a r i a b l e w ith an a p p r e c i a b l e l o a d i n g on t h i s f a c t o r , s u g g e s t i n g some s i m i - l a r i t y . F a c t o r 9 - R a d ic a lis m vs C o n se rv a tism (Q^) V ar. Load V a r ia b l e S o u rc e L oading No. i n g T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r f a c t o r s 4 i +.62 R a d ic a lis m vs c o n s e r ; v a ti s m 16 PF ^1 5° + .3 8 M a in ta in one 1s r i g h t s GAMIN A 6o + .33 L ik in g f o r s e r i o u s t h i n k i n g STDCR T l , + . 4 0 ; : 8 ,+ .3 4 - 61 + .3 3 A n a ly s is o f s e l f and o t h e r s STDCR T l , + . 3 0 j 58 - .3 0 U nconcern vs s e r i o u s n e s s STDCR R 1 4, - . 4 i : Only one o f th e two v a r i a b l e s had a lo a d i n g on t h i s f a c t o r i n d i c a t i n g a p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t t h i s f a c t o r may s p l i t i f more d e t a i l e d a n a l y s e s were p e rfo rm e d . I | V a r. L oad- I No. i n g F a c t o r 10 - P r o t e n s i o n vs R e la x ed S e c u r i t y (L) V a r ia b l e S o u rc e L o ad in g j T e s t F a c t o r on other! _______ f a c t o r s : 66 + .45 47 + . 4 4 L ik in g s o c i a l a f f a i r s AA-Drama GZTS DFOS S AA 4 ,+ .4 4 ;! 5 , + . 3 9 ! ■l,+.49 96 F a c to r 10 ( c o n t ) V a r. L oad- V a r i a b l e S o u rc e Loading No. i n g T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r f a c t o r s 46 + .4 3 AA-Graphic a r t s DFOS AA l , + . 4 9 ; j 6 ,+ .3 4 ; ! 7 j - .3 0 i 48 + .4 0 A A - L ite r a tu r e DFOS AA l , + . 4 9 ! I None o f th e F a c t o r L v a r i a b l e s a p p e a re d when p a t - ! i t e m e d . The i n t e r c o r r e l a t i o n s o f th e s e v a r i a b l e s were low , 0 .1 2 and 0 . 2 9 , and t h i s p r o b a b ly a c c o u n ts f o r t h i s f a c t o r n o t a p p e a r i n g . These v a r i a b l e s d i d a p p e a r on F a c t o r s I , M, i 1 i I jand Q 4 . j i j F a cto r 11 - High S e l f Sentim ent (Q3 ) ! V ar. L o ad - V a r ia b l e S o u rc e L oading ! No. i n g T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r ! |_________________________________________________________________ f a c t o r s i 115 + .6 4 P e r s i s t e n t e f f o r t 16 PF Q3 ;49 + .3 6 C u l t u r a l c o n f o r m ity DFOS CC i 43 + .3 5 D riv e f o r a c t i v i t y GAMIN G l 4 , + . 4 3 |10 - . 4 2 M e d i ta ti v e t h i n k i n g 16 PF Qi Only one o f t h e t h r e e F a c t o r Q3 v a r i a b l e s a p p e a re d j i n t h i s p a t t e r n . O th e r v a r i a b l e s a p p e a r i n g w i t h h ig h l o a d - ! in g s w ere from th o s e f o r C a t t e l l ’ s F a c t o r and G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r s CC and G. F a c t o r Q3 m ig h t s p l i t i f b e t t e r a n a l y s e s were d o n e . F a c t o r 12 - C yclothym ia vs S c h iz o th y m ia (A) V ar. L o ad - V a r ia b l e S o u rc e L oading No. i n g T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r f a c t o r s 17 + .5 7 S o c i a l i n t e r e s t 16 PF A V ar. No. L oad in g F a c t o r 12 ( c o n t) V a r ia b le . S o u rc e .T e s t F a c t o r 9 7 L oading on o t h e r f a c t o r s n - .4 8 “ D i s l i k i n g a c t i v i t y w i t h o t h e r s 16 PF 0,2 6 ,+ .3 3 12 - . 5 3 D i s l i k i n g a c t i v i t y w i t h o t h e r s 16 PF 0 2 , ! ! i 1 1 Only one v a r i a b l e r e p r e s e n t e d F a c t o r A I n t h i s | r e s e a r c h and lo a d i n g s h e r e i n d i c a t e t h a t t h i s f a c t o r i s i | |h i g h l y r e l a t e d t o F a c t o r Qg. I f a d d i t i o n a l v a r i a b l e s r e - ! p r e s e n t i n g F a c t o r A were p r e s e n t , t h i s f a c t o r p ro b a b ly would n o t h o ld u p . ! F a c t o r 13 - S e l f S u f f i c i e n c y (Q2 ) i I V ar, L o ad - V a r ia b l e S o u rc e L oading j I No. i n g T e s t F a c t o r on other! | _____________________________________________ ; f a c t o r s i ' 31 + .5 9 Lack o f s o c i a l i n t e r e s t 16 PF Q 2 ! 2 - . 4 8 S o c i a l i n t e r e s t 16 PF H 4 ,+ .4 2 ;; 5 ,+ .3 1 : j | T here i s some r e l a t i o n s h i p betw een v a r i a b l e s f o r F a c t o r s O2 In th e p r e v io u s f a c t o r , O2 v a r i a b l e s j j had l o a d i n g s f o r F a c t o r A, s u g g e s t i n g r e l a t i o n s h i p s between! i | A, H, and Q q v a r i a b l e s . 1 ! | F a c t o r 14 - C h a r a c te r o r Super-E go S t r e n g t h (g) j | V ar. L o ad - V a r ia b le S o u rc e Loading j ! No. i n g T e s t F a c to r on othetf I f a c t o r s i I 22 + .4 7 C onfidence vs i n f e r i o r i t y 16 PF G | ! ^3 + .4 3 D riv e f o r a c t i v i t y GAMIN G 1 1 ,+ .3 5 j ! 35 + .3 0 M oral s e n s i t i v i t y 16 PF C 2 ,+ .4 4 j 98 F a c to r 1 4 ( c o n t ) V ar. Load- V a r ia b l e So urce L oading No. i n g T e s t F a c to r on o t h e r _________________________________________________________________ f a c t o r s 57 - .3 0 C a r e f r e e n e s s va r e s t r a i n t STDCR R 5 j +.34 56 - .3 0 P h y s ic a l d e p l e t i o n STDCR D 3*“ .43 58 - .4 1 U nconcern vs s e r i o u s n e s s STDCR R 9 * -.3 0 | i ! Only one o f t h e two F a c t o r G v a r i a b l e s a p p e a re d a s p a t t e r n e d . G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r G and R v a r i a b l e s had h ig h l o a d i n g s h e r e , s u g g e s t i n g t h a t C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r G would ! I jp ro b a b ly s p l i t i n t o more th a n one f a c t o r . | ■ Summary o f t h e P a t t e r n A n a ly s is of t h e C a t t e l l F a c t o r s In summary o f t h i s and p r e v i o u s a n a l y s e s , i t a p p e a rs I t h a t th e f o l lo w in g C a t t e l l f a c t o r s would a p p e a r s e p a r a t e l y 1 'a s u n i t i e s ; I F a c t o r F -S u rg e n c y v s . D e s u rg e n c y -a lth o u g h u n d e r b e t t e r c o n d i t i o n s t h i s f a c t o r may a p p e a r i d e n t i c a l t o G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r R. _ _ F a c t o r E-Dominance v s . S u b m i s s i o n - t h i s f a c t o r seems t o be m e a su rin g an a r e a s e p a r a t e fro m G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r A, a l t h o u g h t h e l a t t e r may n o t have been r e p r e s e n t e d by th e b e s t v a r i a b l e . The o t h e r C a t t e l l f a c t o r s seem to be r e l a t e d t o 1 I | o t h e r C a t t e l l f a c t o r s and to G u ilf o r d f a c t o r s . I f a d d i t - I i i o n a l f a c t o r s had been r o t a t e d , g i v i n g more f a c t o r s an !o p p o r t u n i t y t o a p p e a r , two o r t h r e e more o f th e C a t t e l l I I f a c t o r s may have a p p e a re d a s u n i t i e s . 99 R o ta tio n tow ard th e G u ilfo r d F a c to r s I n t h i s s e c t i o n w i l l be d i s c u s s e d th e r e s u l t s o f th e f a c t o r a n a l y s i s when th e f a c t o r s were t a r g e t e d to w a rd s ! t h e G u ilf o r d f a c t o r s . I F a c t o r 1 - E m o t i o n a l i ty (E) j 1 ; j V ar. Load * • V a r ia b l e Source L oading No. i n g T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r i f a c t o r s 1 “ ...... 3 + .4 7 S o c i a l p o i s e 16 PF H 4 ,+ .5 3 24 + .4 7 C o nfidence vs i n f e r i o r i t y 16 PF H 6 ,+ .3 7 ; +.45 16 PF 1 3 ,+ .3 3 39 A scendance H 4, + .4 2 ; 6 ,+ .3 2 ; +.42 16 PF 1 1 ,+ .3 0 2 S o c i a l i n t e r e s t H 4 ,+ .4 3 ; 69 9 ,+ .3 6 +.32 Even mood GZTS E 2 , + .3 4 ; 8 , - . 3 3 ; 16 PF 1 0 , + .32 37 +.31 A scendance E 67 +.30 F r i e n d s and a c q u a in t a n c e s GZTS S 4, + .4 4; 38 16 PF 15, +.31 +.30 C o nfid en ce vs i n f e r i o r i t y E 16 - .3 2 E m o tio n a l im m a tu rity 16 PF 04 32 - .3 4 I n f e r i o r i t y vs c o n fid e n c e 16 PF O4 8 ,+ .3 2 62 - .3 4 E m o tio n al d e p r e s s i o n STDCR D 5 , - . 3 2 ; - .4 5 8, +.44 30 I n f e r i o r i t y vs c o n f id e n c e 16 PF 0 5 , - . 3 9 ; 8 - . 4 7 8 ,+ .3 5 I n f e r i o r i t y vs c o n fid e n c e 16 PF 0 59 - .7 0 Lack o f s o c i a l p o i s e STDCR S B ecause v a r i a b l e 59 fro m G u i l f o r d ’s F a c t o r S was more h i g h l y r e l a t e d t o S c a le E th a n F a c t o r S , t h i s v a r i a b l e was p a t t e r n e d to w a rd S c a le E a lo n g w ith v a r i a b l e 6 9 . V a r- i j i a b l e s f o r G u i l f o r d 's S c a le E were p a t t e r n e d to w a rd s two I d i f f e r e n t f a c t o r s b e c a u se t h i s s c a l e i s a c o m p o site o f I i ; [ G u i l f o r d 's fo rm e r f a c t o r s D e p r e s s io n and C y c lo id D isp o - j 100 s i t i o n . As e x p ec te d * th e C a t t e l l v a r i a b l e s H and 0 had h ig h l o a d i n g s f o r t h i s f a c t o r a s w e l l as f o r F a c t o r S. !These two C a t t e l l f a c t o r s c a n n o t be e x p e c te d to h o ld up a s i I u n i t i e s . G u i l f o r d 's v a r i a b l e E a l s o seems t o s p l i t up. ! i I j F a c t o r 2 - T o le ra n c e (P) V a r. No. Load in g V a r ia b le S o u rc e L o ading I T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r f a c t o r s 63 + .71 T o le ra n c e GZTS P i 34 + .47 M oral s e n s i t i v i t y 16 PF C 5 ,+ .3 8 ! 52 + .35 Lack o f r e s t l e s s n e s s GAMIN N 5 , + . 3 7 ; I 1 2 ,+ .3 1 ; 69 + . 3 4 ~ Even mood GZTS E l , + . 3 2 ; : 8 * - .3 3 ; 1 0 ,+ .3 2 54 + .3 ^ Lack o f f a t i g u e a b i l i t y GAMIN N 8 , - . 4 6 i 29 - .3 0 C u l t u r a l s e n s i t i v i t y 16 PF M 8 * - .3 2 ; 33 - .3 0 N e rv o u sn e ss vs composure 16 PF Q4 8 , + . 3 8 ;! 1 2 * -.3 1 j 9 - .3 2 E m o tio n a l im m a tu r ity 16 PF 0 28 - .3 3 C u l t u r a l s e n s i t i v i t y 16 PF M 1 18 - .4 0 A scendance 16 PF E 1 1 ,+ .3 3 j 26 - .4 0 C r i t i c a l n e s s 16 PF L 27 - .4 4 R esen tm en t 16 PF L 5 , - . 3 2 T h is f a c t o r was p a t t e r n e d f o r th e G u ilf o r d F a c t o r P ! and i t came o u t w ith a h ig h l o a d i n g . There were f a i r l y ! h ig h l o a d i n g s from C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r ' s C and L v a r i a b le s * i s u g g e s t i n g t h a t t h e s e two f a c t o r s may s p l i t . W ith th e j ! i | v a r i a b l e f o r th e P f a c t o r h a v in g a l o a d i n g o f a b o u t 0 .2 5 j i above t h e n e a r e s t o t h e r v a r i a b l e s u g g e s ts t h a t t h i s f a c t o r j w i l l h o ld up a s a u n i t y . I t 101 i F a c t o r 3 - M a s c u l in i t y vs F e m in in ity (M) 1 s V ar. Load- V a r ia b le S o u rc e i L oading j No. in g T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r I f a c t o r s i 5 + .60 R efinem ent vs p r a c t i 1 c a l i t y 16 PF I 6 , - . 3 0 ; I 7 , - . 3 9 | 6 + .55 R efinem ent vs p r a c t i 1 •i ' c a l i t y 16 PF I 6 , - . 3 4 ; i 7 , +.30; ! 9» +.34 77 +.51 C u l t u r a l i n t e r e s t 16 PF M 9 , +.33 40 +.31 R a d ic a lis m vs c o n s e r 1 v a tis m 16 PF Qi 25 - .3 5 C r i t i c a l n e s s 16 PF L 9 , - . 3 3 i 1 - .4 7 M ale-fem ale dicho tom y 6 ,+ .3 0 | 45 - .6 5 M ascu lin e a v o c a t i o n a l j p r e f e r e n c e GAMIN M 9 , - . 3 0 | 44 - .6 6 M asculin e v o c a t i o n a l p r e f e r e n c e GAMIN M 6, +.31 j j T h is a g a in i s one o f the b e t t e r d e f i n e d f a c t o r s . The G u ilf o r d F a c t o r M v a r i a b l e s a p p e a re d a s s t r o n g l y a s ; e x p e c te d , a lo n g w ith th e v a r i a b l e s from C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r I a s i n d i c a t e d i n th e p r e v io u s a n a l y s e s . These f a c t s s u g g e s t t h a t G u i l f o r d 's F a c to r M and C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r I are! m e a su rin g th e same a r e a o f tem peram ent. | | F a c t o r 4 - S o c i a b i l i t y (S) i Var. No. Load in g V ariab le Source T est F actor Loading on o th e r fa c t o r s 66 + .71 L ik in g s o c ia l a f f a ir s G ZTS S 3 + .53 S o c ia l p o ise 16 PF H 1 j + w 47 67 + .44 F rien d s and acq u ain tan ces G ZTS S 1 , + . 3 0 ; . 1 5 ,+ .3 1 2 + .43 S o c ia l in t e r e s t 16 PF H 1, +.42; I 9 i +. 36 ; I i 102 Var. No. Load i n g F a c t o r 4 ( c o n t) V a r ia b le S o u rc e T e s t F a c t o r L oading on o t h e r f a c t o r s 39 +.42 Ascendance 16 PF H l , + . 4 5 s - 6 , + .3 2 ; 1 1 ,+ . 30 17 +.37 S o c i a l i n t e r e s t 16 PF A 6 , - . 3 1 ; 1 3 ,+ .3 2 55 - . 3 9 L ack of g r e g a r i o u s n e s s STDCR S 11 - . 4 5 D i s l i k i n g a c t i v i t y w i t h o t h e r s 16 PF 0,2 j L oadings f o r t h i s f a c t o r s u g g e s t t h a t G u i l f o r d 's i ; F a c t o r S and C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r H a r e m e a su rin g th e same a r e a , S o c i a b i l i t y . One v a r i a b l e f o r C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r O2 does have a f a i r l y h ig h l o a d i n g , s u g g e s t i n g t h a t t h e r e may be some s i m i l a r i t y from t h i s f a c t o r . F a c t o r 5 - O b j e c t i v i t y (o) V ar. L oad V a r ia b le S o u rc e L o ading I No. in g T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r 1 f a c t o r s : 64 +.62 T h ic k s k in n e d GZTS 0 1 i i i 68 +.50 Optimism GZTS E 8 , - . 4 0 ' 34 +.38 M oral s e n s i t i v i t y 16 PF C 2 ,+ .4 7 ; 52 +.37 L ack of r e s t l e s s n e s s GAMIN N 2 ,+ .3 5 ; j 16 PF 1 2 ,+ .3 1 ! 23 +.31 M oral r e s t r a i n t G 27 - .3 2 R esen tm en t 16 PF L 2 , - . 4 4 ! 62 - .3 2 E m o tio n al d e p r e s s i o n STDCR D l , - . 3 4 ; ! 8 ,+ .4 4 i 30 - .3 2 I n f e r i o r i t y vs c o n fid e n c e 16 PF 0 1 , - . 4 5 j | 8 ,+ .3 5 i i i This f a c t o r , p a t t e r n e d f o r th e G u ilf o r d F a c t o r 0 , j ; . | |has a h ig h l o a d i n g on t h e F a c t o r 0 v a r i a b l e b u t a l s o a ! . ; I h ig h lo a d i n g on th e G u ilf o r d E v a r i a b l e , s u g g e s t i n g some i r e l a t i o n s h i p . I f a s u f f i c i e n t num ber o f u n iv o c a l v a r i a b l e s r e p r e s e n t i n g F a c t o r s 0 and E had been p r e s e n t , i t i s q u i t e p r o b a b le t h a t t h e s e two f a c t o r s would have a p p e a re d s e p a r a t e l y . , I F a c t o r 6 - A scendance (A) V ar. Load V a r ia b l e Source L oading No. in g T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r ■ f a c t o r s 50 +.51 M a in ta in o n e ' s r i g h t s GAMIN A 41 + .42 R a d ic a lis m vs c o n s e r v a tis m 16 PF % 1 , + o47; 13 j +.33 24 + .37 C o n fid en ce vs i n f e r i o r i t y 16 PF H ' 12 + .37 D i s l i k i n g a c t i v i t y w ith 16 PF o t h e r s ^2 . ■ 1 j +. 45; 39 + .32 A scendance 16 PF H 4, + .42 ; 1 1 ,+ .3 0 44 + .31 M a sc u lin e v o c a t i o n a l 3 , - . 6 6 p r e f e r e n c e GAMIN M 1 + .30 M a le-fem a le dich o to m y 3 , - . 4 7 5 - .3 0 R e fin e m e n t vs p r a c t i 3, + . 6 0; c a l i t y 16 PF I 16 PF 7 , - . 3 9 17 - .3 1 S o c i a l i n t e r e s t A 4 ,+ .3 7 ; - .3 4 1 3 ,+ .3 2 6 R e fin em en t vs p r a c t i 16 PF c a l i t y I 3 ,+ .5 5 ; 7 ,+ . 3 0 ; 9 ,+ .3 4 j ; ! T h is f a c t o r , p a t t e r n e d f o r G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r A, \ i i jA sc e n d a n c e , d id n o t a p p e a r a s s t r o n g a s e x p e c te d . A lso , j C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r E , Dominance vs S u b m is s io n , d id n o t j a p p e a r a s a n t i c i p a t e d , s u g g e s t i n g t h a t t h e s e two f a c t o r s ! i ! a r e , i n f a c t , m e a su rin g d i f f e r e n t a r e a s . T here i s some I I | r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r s H, anc* $2* | I a lt h o u g h m in o r. 104 F a c to r 7 - T h in k in g ( t ) ; V a r . 'No. Load in g V a r ia b l e S o u rce T e s t F a c t o r L oading on o t h e r f a c t o r s ! 6 l + . 6 l A n a ly s is o f s e l f and S o t h e r s STDCR T 160 + .57 L ik in g f o r s e r i o u s t h i n k i n g STDCR T 9,+ .31 i 46 + .50 AA-Graphic a r t s DFOS AA 9 , + .4 4 j 5 + .39 R efin em en t vs p r a c t i 1 [ c a l i t y 16 PF I 3 , + . 6 0 ;: 6 , - . 3 0 i ’-7 + .3 6 AA-Drama DFOS A A 9,+ .51 : 4 + .32 A r t i s t i c r e f in e m e n t 16 PF I 6 + .30 R e fin em en t vs p r a c t i 1 c a l i t y 16 PF I 3,+ -55i j 6 , - . 3 ^ j i 9 ,+ .3 4 j i i 1 As i e x p e c te d , th e v a r i a b l e s p a t t e r n e d f o r t h i s f a c t o r i had lo a d i n g s w hich were f a i r l y h ig h and o n ly one v a r i a b l e i had a m in o r l o a d i n g on a n o t h e r f a c t o r , i n d i c a t i n g t h a t J t h e r e i s some r e l a t i o n s h i p w ith F a c t o r AA v a r i a b l e s , b u t t h i s m ight be e x p e c te d from th e n a t u r e o f th e two f a c t o r s . F a c t o r 8 - D e p r e s s io n (D) 1 1 i V ar. Load V a r ia b le S ource L oading | No. in g T e s t F a c t o r on o th e r! f a c t o r s i 5 6 +662 P h y s i c a l d e p l e t i o n STDCR D j 62 + .4 4 E m o tio n a l d e p r e s s i o n STDCR D l j - . 3 4 ; 5 , - . 3 2 | 33 + .3 8 N e rv o u sn e ss vs composure 16 PF 2 , - . 3 0 ; ; 1 2 , - . 3 1 ! 30 + .35 I n f e r i o r i t y vs c o n fid e n c e 16 PF 0 l , - . 4 5 ; j 5 , - . 3 9 ! 32 + .32 I n f e r i o r i t y vs c o n fid e n c e 16 PF Q 4 1 , - . 3 4 j 29 - . 3 2 C u l t u r a l s e n s i t i v i t y 16 PF M 2 , - . 3 0 I 69 - . 3 3 Even mood GZTS E l,+ .3 2 ;> 2 , + .3 4;| 10,+.32 ! 105 | F a c to r 8 ( c o n t ) j V a r. L oad- V a r ia b l e S o u rce L oading | No. i n g T e s t F a c t o r on o t h e r j f a c t o r s I 68 - .4 0 Optim ism GZTS E 5 ,+ .50 j 54 - . 4 6 Lack o f f a t i g u e a b i l i t y GAMIN N 2 ,+ .3 3 j I L o ad in g s on th e v a r i a b l e s f o r t h i s f a c t o r i n d i c a t e th e s u b s t a n t i a l in d e p e n d e n c e o f t h e D e p r e s s io n f a c t o r , a l th o u g h t h e r e i s some r e l a t i o n s h i p w ith N, N e rv o u sn e ss. jT h is d oes n o t im p ly a c o r r e l a t i o n betw een f a c t o r s . I f th e ! ( v a r i a b l e s had been more u n i v o c a l , th e f a c t o r s p r o b a b ly t j jwould have s e p a r a t e d i n t o two m ost d i s t i n c t f a c t o r s . j i I ! F a c t o r 9 ~ A e s t h e t i c A p p r e c i a t i o n (AA) Var. Load V a ria b le Source Loading No. in g T est F a cto r on o th er fa c to r s 48 + .6 1 A A -L iterature DFOS A A - 47 +.51 AA-Drama DFOS A A 7 ,+ .3 6 46 +.44 AA-Graphic a r ts DFOS A A 7 ,+ .5 0 2 +.36 S o c ia l in t e r e s t 16 PF H 1 ,+ .4 2 ; 4 ,+ .4 3 6 . +.34 R efinem ent vs p r a c t i c a l i t y 16 PF I 3 , + .5 5; 6 , - . 3 4 ; 7 ,+ .3 0 7 +.33 C u ltu ra l in t e r e s t 16 PF M 3, +.51 60 +.31 L ik in g f o r s e r io u s th in k in g STDCR T 7 , + .5 7 45 - . 3 0 M asculine a v o c a tio n a l p refer en ce G A M IN M 3 , - . 6 5 25 - . 3 3 C r itic a ln e s s 16 PF L 3 , - . 3 5 31 - . 3 6 Lack o f s o c ia l I n t e r e s t 16 PF 02 1 1 , - . 3 3 A ll o f th e AA v a r ia b le s came o u t str o n g ly on t h is f a c t o r . T here i s some s l i g h t r e l a t i o n s h i p betw een t h e AA J 106 ! |v a r ia b le s and o th e r fa c to r s but t h is may be due to the [s e le c tio n o f th e t e s t s r e p r e se n tin g th e f a c t o r s . A ll in d i - jca tio n s p o in t to F a cto r A A b ein g a co m p letely sep arate 'fa c to r . Var. Load- No. in g F a cto r 10 - H o s t ilit y (f ) V ariab le Source Loading T est F a cto r on o th e r ______________fa c to r s 1 6 5 i36 I69 + .58 Lack o f h o s t i l i t y G ZTS F +.41 Lack o f h y p o ch o n d ria sis 16 PF C +.32 Even mood G ZTS E 1 ,+ .3 2 j 2 ,+ . 3 4 ; 8 , - . 3 3 [ This f a c t o r d id n ot appear a s s tr o n g ly a s in d ic a te d !p r e v io u s ly . The r e la t io n s h ip in d ic a te d w ith o th er fa c to r 1 . !v a r ia b le s seem to be m inor, ex cep t p o s s ib ly w ith th e 1 j C a tt e ll F a cto r C v a r ia b le , su g g e s tin g some p o s s ib le r e la - i I tio n s h ip . F a cto r 11 - G eneral A c t iv it y (G) ‘Var, Load V a ria b le Source Loading No. in g T est F a cto r on o th e r f a c t o r s 42 +.59 Rapid pace G A M IN G 43 +.51 D rive fo r a c t i v i t y G A M IN G 21 + .4 l Rhathymia vs r e s t r a in t 16 PF F 15, +.35 18 +.33 Ascendance 16 PF E 2 , - . 4 0 39 +.30 Ascendance 16 PF H 1, + .4 5 ; 4,+ .42,- 16 PF 8, +.32 31 - . 3 3 Lack o f s o c ia l in t e r e s t 02 9 , - . 3 6 T his f a c t o r seems t o be f a i r l y w e ll d e fin e d even 107 th o u g h a r e l a t i o n s h i p w ith th e C a t t e l l F a c t o r F v a r i a b l e i s i n d i c a t e d . O ther f a c t o r v a r i a b l e s r e p r e s e n t e d h e re have l o a d i n g s h i g h e r on o t h e r f a c t o r s i n th e a n a l y s i s . The b e s t h y p o t h e s i s i s t h a t F a c t o r G i s f a i r l y u n iq u e and w i l l h o ld up s e p a r a t e l y a s a u n i t y . F a c t o r 12 - N e rv o u sn e ss (N) Var. Load V ariab le Source Loading No. in g T est F a cto r on o th e r f a c t o r s 53 +.68 Lack of N erv o u sn ess- Jumpiness G A M IN N 20 +.32 Lack o f m oral r e s t r a in t 16 PF F 52 +.31 Lack of r e s t l i n e s s gamin N 2 , +. 35; 5 , + . 3 7 19 - . 3 1 L ik in g a c t i v i t y and 16 PF • change F 33 - . 3 1 N ervousness vs composure 16 PF Q 4 8 , + . 3 8 ; 0 _ on This f a c t o r d i d n o t a p p e a r a s s t r o n g l y a s s u g g e s t e d ; from t h e " L e a s t S q u a r e s " s o l u t i o n . Only one v a r i a b l e a p p e a re d w ith a n a p p r e c i a b l e l o a d i n g . Even th o u g h t h i s j o c c u r e d , and t h e l o a d i n g s from o t h e r f a c t o r s a r e r e l a t i v e l y ! m in o r, i t a p p e a r s t h a t t h i s f a c t o r w i l l h o ld up s e p a r a t e l y j ] ' |as a u n i t y . ! ! | F a c t o r 13 - C o n f id e n c e ■vs I n f e r i o r i t y ( i ) j V ar. No. Load i n g V a r ia b l e Source T e s t F a c t o r L oading on o t h e r f a c t o r s 51 + .47 F e e l i n g s o f a c c e p ta n c e GAMIN I 24 + .33 C o nfidence vs i n f e r i o r i t y 16 PF H 1 .+ .4 7 ; 6 ,+ .3 7 17 + .32 S o c i a l i n t e r e s t 16 PF A 4 .+ .3 7 J 6 , - . 3 1 j 108 | i S in c e o n ly one v a r i a b l e r e p r e s e n t e d t h i s f a c t o r , j ! and p o s s i b l y t h i s v a r i a b l e was n o t th e b e s t r e p r e s e n t a t i v e , j t h i s f a c t o r d i d n o t a p p e a r v e ry s t r o n g l y . There i s some j s l i g h t r e l a t i o n s h i p w ith v a r i a b l e s f o r th e C a t t e l l F a c t o r s A and H. A b e t t e r s e l e c t i o n o f v a r i a b l e s may r e s o l v e t h i s j f a c t o r i n t o 2 o r 3 u n i v o c a l f a c t o r s . j F a c t o r 14 - C u l t u r a l C o n fo rm ity (CC) j |V ar. L oad- V a r ia b le S o u rc e L oading ; iNo. i n g T e s t F a c t o r on o th e r ! !_______ ;_________________________________________________________ f a c t o r s I 149 +.57 C u l t u r a l c o n fo r m ity DFOS CC j | 15 +.42 P e r s i s t e n t e f f o r t 16 PF Qo ! 10 - . 4 6 M e d ita tiv e t h i n k i n g 16 PF Q ]_ ; * : j | j The C u l t u r a l C on form ity f a c t o r d i d a p p e a r b u t w ith ■ I ] I i |a l o a d i n g l e s s th a n a n t i c i p a t e d . A r e l a t i o n s h i p i s i n d i - ; I !c a t e d w ith th e v a r i a b l e s f o r C a t t e l l F a c t o r s Q, and Q~. ' i i 3 i |From th e a v a i l a b l e i n f o r m a t i o n , n o t h in g can be i n d i c a t e d i : i : |a b o u t th e u n i v o c a l i t y o f F a c t o r CC o r th e d e g re e o f r e l a - j I t i o n s h i p w ith th e C a t t e l l f a c t o r s . I | | | i j F a c t o r 15 - R hathym ia (R) Var. No. Load in g V a ria b le Source T est F a cto r Loading on o th e r f a c to r s 58 + .5 9 Unconcern vs s e r io u s n e s s STDCR R 57 + .42 C arefreen ess vs r e s t r a in t STDCR R 21 + .3 5 Rhathymia vs r e s t r a in t 16 PF F 1 1 ,+ .4 1 67 + .3 1 F rien d s and a cq u a in ta n ces G ZTS S 1 > + .3 0 ; 4 , + . 4 4 13 - . 3 1 Lack o f im p u lsiv en ess 1 6 PF I t was ex p ected th a t G u ilfo r d 1s F a cto r R and 109 C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r F would be I d e n t i c a l i n t h i s and th e p r e v io u s a n a l y s i s . T h is d id n o t o c c u r , i n d i c a t i n g t h a t a d d i - j t i o n a l a n a l y s e s a r e c a l l e d f o r to c o n fir m th e s i m i l a r i t y o r j I 1 | d i s s i m i l a r i t y o f t h e s e two f a c t o r s . The l o a d i n g s on th e | v a r i a b l e s f o r G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r R i n d i c a t e t h a t t h i s f a c t o r |w i l l h o ld up a s a u n i t y . i i | ! jSummary o f th e P a ttern A n a ly sis !o f th e G u ilford F a cto rs j------------------------- ----------- I n summary o f t h i s a n a l y s i s , i t a p p e a rs t h a t th e f o l lo w in g G u ilf o r d f a c t o r s would a p p e a r s e p a r a t e l y a s j | u n i t i e s : ; | F a c t o r P - T o le ra n c e j j j | F a c t o r T - T h in k in g F a c t o r D - D e p r e s s io n i ! l F a c t o r AA- A e s t h e t i c A p p r e c i a t i o n | F a c t o r F - H o s t i l i t y i : i • 1 S F a c t o r G - G e n e ra l A c t i v i t y | F a c t o r N - N e rv o u sn e ss ! | ! ' F a c t o r R - R hathym ia ; i ; ! F a c t o r E, E m o t i o n a l i t y , seems to be r e l a t e d t o | | ■ j I C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r s H and 0, and t o some e x t e n t w i t h G u il- 9 i j f o r d ' s S f a c t o r . j I F a c t o r M, M a s c u l i n i t y v s . F e m i n i n i t y , i s r e l a t e d to j i ■ ! C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r I t o a l a r g e d e g r e e . i F a c t o r S , S o c i a b i l i t y , i s r e l a t e d t o C a t t e l l ' s j !F a c t o r H. ! 110 F a c t o r 0 , O b j e c t i v i t y , i s r e l a t e d t o some e x t e n t t o G u i l f o r d 's F a c t o r E, b u t m ig h t p o s s i b l y h o ld up a s a u n i t y . | F a c t o r A, A scend an ce, d id n o t come o u t s t r o n g enough t o i n d i c a t e u n i v o c a l i t y o f t h i s f a c t o r . A lso , th e v a r i a b l e s f o r C a t t e l l ' s F a c t o r E, Dominance v s . S u b m iss io n ,! d id n o t a p p e a r h e r e , s u g g e s t i n g t h a t t h e s e two f a c t o r s may j I be m e a su rin g d i f f e r e n t d im e n s io n s . I F a c t o r s I , C o nfidence v s . I n f e r i o r i t y , and CC, j C u l t u r a l C o n fo rm ity , d i d n o t have a s h ig h l o a d i n g s a s a n t i - i c i p a t e d . S in c e t h e r e was o n ly one v a r i a b l e f o r e ac h o f j i t h e s e f a c t o r s , and t h e s e may n o t have been th e b e s t v a r l a - j i b l e s , n o t h in g can be s a i d f o r su re a b o u t th e u n i v o c a l i t y j o f t h e s e f a c t o r s . C H A P T E R V I SUMMARY * j ! i i I I n t h i s C h a p te r i s a summary o f t h i s r e s e a r c h and j s u g g e s t i o n s f o r f u r t h e r r e s e a r c h . j i ! Summary The p u rp o se o f t h i s r e s e a r c h was t o compare t h e | f a c t o r s m easured i n t h e 16 P e r s o n a l i t y F a c t o r Q u e s t i o n n a i r e j w ith f a c t o r s i n th e G u ilf o r d p e r s o n a l i t y i n v e n t o r i e s . j j The i te m s from th e C a t t e l l t e s t were s o r t e d i n t o | homogenous g ro u p s o f i t e m s , e a c h group a p p a r e n t l y m easuringj | one p a r t i c u l a r a s p e c t o f p e r s o n a l i t y . Those ite m s on which; th e ju d g e s d i s a g r e e d w ere d i s c a r d e d . F o r t y g ro u p s o f ite m s were o b ta in e d from f o u r t e e n o f t h e s i x t e e n C a t t e l l f a c t o r s . Groups o f ite m s r e p r e s e n t i n g f i f t e e n o f th e G u i l - I f o r d f a c t o r s w ere s e l e c t e d , u s i n g a s a p r im a r y r e f e r e n c e i ! th e f a c t o r l o a d i n g s i n th e G uilford-Z im m erm an monograph ! { 1 9 5 6) . T w e n ty -e ig h t g ro u p s o f ite m s were th u s o b ta in e d j ; to r e p r e s e n t th e f i f t e e n G u ilf o r d f a c t o r s . j 1 j A m a le -fe m a le se x d ich o to m y Was added to th e Cat*? j | I j t e l l and G u ilf o r d v a r i a b l e s r e s u l t i n g i n a t o t a l of 69 j 1 | v a r i a b l e s . The t e s t ite m s were random ized and mimeographed! | j | i n a new i n v e n t o r y f o r r e s e a r c h p u r p o s e s . The new i n v e n - j 1 ■ ! 111 I t o r y was th e n a d m i n i s t e r e d to 302 s u b j e c t s and th e s c a l e s were s c o r e d a c c o rd in g t o th e key f o r each p e r s o n a l i t y i n v e n to ry from w hich th e s c a l e s w ere ta k e n . The r e s u l t i n g s c o r e s were d ic h o to m iz e d n e a r th e |m edians and t e t r a c h o r i c c o r r e l a t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s e s t i m a t e d I - i •by use o f th e c o s i n e - p i a p p r o x im a tio n . The r e s u l t a n t I ! : | c o r r e l a t i o n m a tr ix was f a c t o r a n a ly z e d by u se of th e • p r i n c i p a l components m eth o d . The f i r s t 17 f a c t o r s w ere g r a p h i c a l l y r o t a t e d u n t i l j I . ! !a f a i r l y c l e a r p a t t e r n beg an to em erge. A l e a s t s q u a re s ! i r o t a t i o n was t h e n used t o o b ta in th e f i n a l r o t a t e d m a t r i x , j | F i f t e e n o f th e f a c t o r s w e re i n t e r p r e t a b l e , th e j i ; ! o t h e r two b e in g c o n s id e r e d as r e s i d u a l s . i ' l : j I t had been h y p o th e s iz e d t h a t t h e f o l l o w i n g 14 r ; i f a c t o r s would a p p e a r; ! i I i A e s t h e t i c A p p r e c ia tio n A scendance j I • : C h e e r f u ln e s s v s . d e p r e s s i o n j I C o n fid en ce vs. i n f e r i o r i t y I E m o tio n a l m a t u r i t y j j E m o tio n a l s t a b i l i t y ] £ ] i i j G eneral a c t i v i t y I ! I M a s c u l i n i t y v s. f e m i n i n i t y j N e rv o u sn e ss i I j R a d ic a lis m vs. c o n s e r v a t i s m | i I I s | R hathym ia j 113 S e l f - S u f f i c i e n c y v s . gro u p dependency S o c i a b i l i t y j T h in k in g j R e s u l t s from th e r o t a t e d f a c t o r m a t r ix i n d i c a t e d th e f o l lo w in g 15 f a c t o r s ; | A e s t h e t i c A p p r e c i a t i o n | | C h e e r f u ln e s s v s . d e p r e s s i o n i - ' - l ! C onfidence v s . i n f e r i o r i t y i Dominance o r A scendance v s . su b m iss io n ! E m o tio n al s t a b i l i t y o r E m o t i o n a l i t y G e n e r a l ■ a c t i v i t y i ! High e r g i c t e n s i o n v s. low e r g i c t e n s i o n j M a s c u l i n i t y v s . f e m i n i n i t y ! N erv o u sn e ss ; ! j ! | P r o t e n s i o n v s . r e l a x e d s e c u r i t y Rhathym ia S e l f - S u f f i c i e n c y v s . group d ependency S o c i a b i l i t y ! I ; T h in k in g j i ’ ! I . T o le ra n c e | i | | E le v e n o f th e 14 h y p o th e s iz e d f a c t o r s were c o n - | i j f i r m e d . A n o th e r h y p o th e s iz e d f a c t o r , A scendance, may n o t j I | | be e x a c t l y th e same a s th e o b t a i n e d Dominance o r A scendance| v s . s u b m is s io n . i Two a d d i t i o n a l a n a l y s e s were p e rfo rm e d . I n th e j : • j j f i r s t , th o s e v a r i a b l e s r e p r e s e n t i n g eac h o f t h e 14 C a t t e l l j 114 f a c t o r s were eac h p a t t e r n e d tow ard t h a t f a c t o r . The G u i l f o r d f a c t o r s were u n p a t t e m e d . R e s u l t s o f t h i s a n a l y s i s i n d i c a t e d t h a t C a t t e l l ' s f a c t o r s E and F would a p p e a r a s u n i t i e s , th e o t h e r f a c t o r s b e in g c o m p o s ite s o f C a t t e l l I f a c t o r s and G u ilf o r d f a c t o r s . I ) I n th e seco nd a n a l y s i s , th o s e v a r i a b l e s r e p r e s e n t - i jin g th e 15 G u ilf o r d f a c t o r s were eac h p a t t e r n e d tow ard th e I !f a c t o r . The C a t t e l l f a c t o r s were u n p a t t e m e d . R e s u l ts o f | t h i s a n a l y s i s i n d i c a t e d t h a t G u i l f o r d 's f a c t o r s AA, D, F, ! G, N, P, R, and T would a p p e a r s e p a r a t e l y a s m i t i e s . The o t h e r f a c t o r s were combined w ith C a t t e l l f a c t o r s o r were i I . jc o n s id e r e d a s to o w eakly r e p r e s e n t e d . | S u g g e s tio n s f o r F u r t h e r R e se a rc h | S in c e t h e s e d a t a were o r t h o g o n a l l y r o t a t e d , a l o g i - ! c a l e x t e n s i o n o f t h i s r e s e a r c h would be t o r o t a t e th e d a t a o b l i q u e l y t o see i f th e same f a c t o r s em erge. | Making an a s s u m p tio n t h a t , e x c e p t f o r th o s e f a c t o r s i j fou nd t o be i d e n t i c a l i n t h i s r e s e a r c h , th e C a t t e l l and j | G u ilf o r d f a c t o r s a r e s e p a r a t e , a n o t h e r e x t e n s i o n o f t h i s i | r e s e a r c h would be t o p a t t e r n f o r a l l p o s s i b l e f a c t o r s . I n ! t h i s way, t h e v a r i a n c e would be s p r e a d to more th a n 14 o r r t j 15 f a c t o r s t h u s p o s s i b l y e l i m i n a t i n g th e a p p e a ra n c e o f a ! v a r i a b l e on more th a n one f a c t o r . The m ajo r v a r i a n c e , o f j j c o u r s e , s h o u ld a p p e a r on o n ly th e p a t t e r n e d f a c t o r . A more c a r e f u l and d e t a i l e d a n a l y s i s s h o u ld be jca rried out to compare th e C a tt e ll and G u ilford f a c t o r s . j i . i Not a l l fa c t o r s were w e ll rep resen ted in t h is r e se a r c h , nor were a l l item s in c lu d e d . Some b e tte r way o f s e le c t in g j item s should be found, perhaps a s t a t i s t i c a l method. S in ce i t i s p o s s ib le th a t th ere are more fa c t o r s in the p e r s o n a lity sphere than are measured by th e C a tte ll and| G u ilford in v e n to r ie s , a ttem p ts should be made to d evelop ! |u n iv o c a l t e s t s f o r th o se fa c t o r s n ot rep resen ted in th e se !in v e n t o r ie s . Measurement o f p e r s o n a lity t r a i t s i s im por- ' i ! Itan t to th o se p s y c h o lo g is ts in th e f i e l d s o f d ia g n o s is and ; | j |c o u n se lin g and th e se in d iv id u a ls need a l l o f th e o b je c tiv e j Ihelp p o s s ib le . ; i ! ' j A r e a n a ly s is o f th e d a ta in t h is resea rch cou ld be jdone by su b d iv id in g some o f th e v a r ia b le s r e p r e se n tin g th e | j G u ilford f a c t o r s , p a r t ic u la r ly th e s in g le v a r ia b le s r e p r e - : se n tin g a f a c t o r . This would g iv e more v a r ia b le s r e p r e - | |s e n t in g each fa c to r so th a t th a t fa c to r would have more : i |a ssu ra n ce o f ap p earin g. BIBLIOGRAPHY B I B L I O G R A P H Y B e c k e r, W. C. A c o m p ariso n o f th e f a c t o r s t r u c t u r e and o t h e r p r o p e r t i e s o f th e 16 PF and th e G u i l f o r d - ; M a rtin p e r s o n a l i t y i n v e n t o r i e s . E duc. p s y c h o l . I M e asm t.. 1 9 6 1, 2 1 , 3 9 3 -4 1 5 . j i jB o u v ie r, E. A ., P e r r y , N. C ., M ic h a e l, W. B ., and H e r tz k a , j j A. F . A s tu d y o f th e e r r o r i n th e c o s i n e - p i a p p r o x - j ! im a tio n t o th e t e t r a c h o r i c c o e f f i c i e n t o f c o r r e l a t i o n . ! | E duc. p s y c h o l . Measmt. . 195 4 > 14, 6 9 0- 6 9 9 . j ! ■ t • ] C l i f f , N. O rth o g o n a l r o t a t i o n t o c o n g ru e n c e . U n p u b lish e d j p a p e r re a d a t A .P .A ., Los A n g e le s, S e p te m b e r, 1964. ! Gomrey, A. L. F a c to r e d homogenous ite m d im e n sio n i n j p e r s o n a l i t y r e s e a r c h . E du c. p s y c h o l. Measmt. , 1961, j 21 , 4 17 -4 3 1 . ! i I i ! Comrey, A. L. A s tu d y o f t h i r t y - f i v e p e r s o n a l i t y d im en- i ! s i o n s . E duc. p s y c h o l . M easmt. . 1962. 2 2 , 5 4 3 -5 5 2 . ! |Comrey, A. L. and S o u f i , A. A ttem p ted v e r i f i c a t i o n o f j i c e r t a i n p e r s o n a l i t y f a c t o r s . Educ. p s y c h o l . Measmt. , i 1961, 11, 1 1 3 -1 2 7 . C a t t e l l , R. B. D e s c r i p t i o n and m easurem ent o f p e r s o n a l i t y .; ! Y o n k ers-o n -H u d so n , New Y ork: World Book C o., 1946. j C a t t e l l , R. B. P e r s o n a l i t y and m o tiv a tio n s t r u c t u r e and ' m e a su re m e n t. Y on kers-o n -H u d so n , New Y ork: W orld Book ; C o., 1957. C a t t e l l , R. B. E x t r a c t i n g t h e c o r r e c t number o f f a c t o r s j ! i n f a c t o r a n a l y s i s . E duc. p s y c h o l. M easmt. , 1958, 1 8 . i 7 91- 8 3 8 . ! t j C a t t e l l , R. B. The b a s i s o f r e c o g n i t i o n and i n t e r p r e t a t i o n ! o f f a c t o r s . E duc. p s y c h o l . Measmt. , 1962, 22 , 6 6 7- I 6 9 8 . I C a t t e l l , R. B. and T s u j io k a , B, The im p o rta n c e o f f a c t o r - j t r u e n e s s and v a l i d i t y , v e r s u s hom o g en eity and o r t h o g - , o n a l i t y i n t e s t s c a l e s . E duc. p s y c h o l . Measmt. , 1964,! 2 4 , 3 - 3 0 . . I C a t t e l l , R. B. The s c r e e t e s t f o r th e num ber o f f a c t o r s i n f a c t o r a n a l y s i s . M u l t i v a r i a t e b e h a v i o r a l R e s e a r c h . I 1966, No. 2 , ( i n p r e s s ) . j iC a t te ll, R. B ., Saunders, D. R ., and S t i c e , G. The | | s ix te e n p e r s o n a lity fa c to r q u e stio n n a ire handbook. I Champaign, 1 1 1 .: I n s t i t u t e f o r P e r s o n a l i t y and A b i l i t y T e s t i n g , 1950. C a t t e l l , R. B ., and S t i c e , G. P . Handbook f o r t h e s i x t e e n p e r s o n a l i t y f a c t o r q u e s t i o n n a i r e . Champaign, 1 1 1 .: . | I n s t i t u t e f o r P e r s o n a l i t y and A b i l i t y T e s ti n g , 1957. ; G orsuch, R. L . , and C a t t e i l , R. B. A d e f i n i t i v e s tu d y o f ; th e second o r d e r f a c t o r s i n th e q u e s t i o n n a i r e re a lm . j J . s o c . P s y c h o l. , 1966* ( i n p r e s s ) . | i |G u i l f o r d , J . P. I n v e n t o r y o f f a c t o r s STDCR. B e v e rly : j H i l l s , C a l i f . : S h e r id a n S u p p ly C o., 1940. ; | j |G u i l f o r d , J . P. When n o t t o f a c t o r a n a l y z e . P s y c h o l . ! I B u l l e t i n . 1952, 4£, 2 6 -3 7 . I G u i l f o r d , J . P. P s y c h o m e tric m e th o d s. New Y ork: McGraw- H i l l Book C o., 1954. " i !G u i l f o r d , J . P. P e r s o n a l i t y . New York: M cGraw-Hill Book ! | Co., 1959. !G u ilfo r d , J . P. Fundamental s t a t i s t i c s in p sy ch o lo g y and : ed u ca tio n . New York: McGraw-Hill Book C o., 1965. j . i |G u i l f o r d , J . P . , and G u i l f o r d , R. B. P e r s o n a l i t y f a c t o r s I S ; E, and M, and t h e i r m easurem ent. J . P s y c h o l . , ! 1936, 2 , 1 09 -1 27. I ' i |G u i l f o r d , J . P . , and G u i l f o r d , R. B. P e r s o n a l i t y f a c t o r s | | D, R, T, and A. J . abnorm . s o c . P s y c h o l . , 1939* 34. i | 21- 3 6 . ' j i [ G u i l f o r d , J . P . , and G u i l f o r d , R. B. P e r s o n a l i t y f a c t o r s ! N, G, and D. J . abnorm . s o c . P s y c h o l . . 1939* 34. 23 9 -2 4 8 . G u i l f o r d , J . P . , and M a r tin , H. G. An i n v e n t o r y o f f a c t o r s ! GAMIN. B e v e r ly H i l l s , C a l i f . : S h e r id a n S u p p ly C o ., j l p f T | | G u i l f o r d , J . P . , and M a r tin , H. G. P e r s o n n e l i n v e n t o r y . | B e v e r ly H i l l s , C a l i f . : S h e r id a n S u p p ly C o., 1943. j j G u i l f o r d , J . P . , and Zimmerman, W. S . The G u ilfo rd -Z im m e r-I ; man tem peram ent s u r v e y . B e v e rly H i l l s , C a l i f . : j I S h e r id a n S u p p ly C o., 1949. ! j 1 1 9 G u i l f o r d , J . P . , and Zimmerman, ¥ . S. F o u r te e n d im e n sio n s o f tem p eram en t. P s y c h o l. Monogr. , 1956, ZQ. (whole No. 4 1 7 ). !G u i l f o r d , J . P . , and Zimmerman, ¥ , S. Some v a r i a b l e - I sa m p lin g pro b lem s i n th e r o t a t i o n o f a x e s i n f a c t o r I a n a l y s i s . P s y c h o l. B u l l e t i n . 1963* 60* 2 8 9 -3 0 1 . | i |H a l l , C. S . , and L in d s e y , G. T h e o rie s o f p e r s o n a l i t y . j j New Y ork: John W iley and S o n s, I n c . , 1957. j 1 Harman, H. H. Modem f a c t o r a n a l y s i s . C hicago, 1 1 1 .: j ! U n i v e r s i t y o f Chicago P re ss"/ i9 6 0 . ■ i ' • |H orn, J . S e c o n d -o r d e r f a c t o r s i n q u e s t i o n n a i r e d a t a , j Educ. p s y c h o l . Measmt. , 1 9 6 3 . 23. 1 1 7 -1 3 ^ . i : ! i I Humphreys, L. G. Number o f c a s e s and number o f f a c t o r s : ani i exam ple where N I s l a r g e . E d u c . p s y c h o l . Measmt. , ! j 1964, 24, 4 5 7 -4 6 6 . j j K a is e r , H. F . A p p l i c a t i o n s o f co m p u ters t o p s y c h o l o g i c a l I | p ro b le m s . U n p u b lish e d p a p e r r e a d a t A .P .A ., 1 j S e p te m b e r, 1959. 1 I • [ f • K a is e r , H. F . The a p p l i c a t i o n s o f com puters t o f a c t o r 1 ! a n a l y s i s . E duc. p s y c h o l . M easmt. . i 9 6 0, 2 0 . 1 4 1 -1 5 1 . 1 t | jL e v o n ia n , E. A s t a t i s t i c a l a n a l y s i s o f th e l 6 p e r s o n a l i t y ! i f a c t o r q u e s t i o n n a i r e . Educ. p s y c h o l . Measmt. . 1961, | 21 , 5 8 9 -5 9 6 . iL e v o n ia n , E. P e r s o n a l i t y m easurem ent w ith ite m s s e l e c t e d I | from th e 16 PF Q u e s t i o n n a i r e . Educ. p s y c h o l . M easm t. , ; I 1 9 6 1, 2 1 , 9 3 7 -9 4 6 . | S i I L o v e l l, C. D. S tu d y o f f a c t o r s t r u c t u r e o f t h i r t e e n | I p e r s o n a l i t y v a r i a b l e s . E duc. p s y c h o l. Measmt. , 1945* i 5.* 3 3 5 -3 5 0 . . j [M ic h ae l, ¥ . B ., B a r th , G ., and K a i s e r , H. F . D im ensions j i o f tem peram ent i n t h r e e g ro u p s o f m usic t e a c h e r s . 1 ! P s y c h o l. R e p o r ts , 1961, 9., 6 0 1 -7 0 4 . j |N e e ly , J . The p a t t e r n e d varim ax r o t a t i o n f o r f a c t o r a n a ly - j i s i s . U n p u b lish e d com puter p rog ram , 1964. I I ■ ! [ S e l l s , S . B. S t r u c t u r a l m easurem ent o f p e r s o n a l i t y and i m o ti v a t i o n ; a re v ie w o f c o n t r i b u t i o n s o f R. B. i I C a t t e l l . J . c l i n . P s y c h o l . , 1959* 15 l * 3 - 2 1 . j j 1 2 0 jT hurstone, L. L. The dim ensions o f temperament. Psycho met r ik a . 1951» 1§.t 1 1 -2 0 . Zimmerman, W . S . A sim ple method fo r o rth ogon al r o ta tio n o f a x e s . P sychom etrika, 1 9 4 6 , 1 1 , 5 1 - 5 6 . A P P E N D I X E S APPENDIX A INTERCORRELATIONS AMONG 69 VARIABLES FROM THE CATTELL AND GUILFORD INVENTORIES APPENDIX A INTEROOHRELATIONS A M O N G 69 VARIABLES FR O M THE CATTELL A N D GUILFORD INVENTORIES Var. No. 1 2 3 4 _ _ 5 6 V ariab le 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 -067 -0 2 4 -175 -663 -481 -353 -169 -105 156 085 107 093 -030 2 481 -177 -051 025 -122 -215 -143 -091 -1 2 0 -060 -114 -101 3 062 089 056 O il -356 -028 -088 -148 -198 -016 -082 4 239 273 222 143 001 -017 128 -074 -204 -052 5 664 509 130 058 012 -147 -192 -101 054 6 528 082 -056 -057 020 -157 -026 061 7 119 102 070 182 186 -237 8 316 -042 -024 -075 -001 - 06b 9 008 -002 144 -192 -232 10 -051 102 120 078 11 346 -189 041 12 138 -023 13 160 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 *A11 decim al p o in ts have been o m itted . 123 APPENDIX A (con tin u ed ) Var. V ariab le 1 No. 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 ! 1 131 -001 -210 165 04l -1 0 0 -0 64 ! 2 272 -177 049 122 309 102 334 3 147 -1 7 0 204 209 110 262 440 4 -0 8 9 007 -2 0 0 -005 065 063 027 5 -273 -056 224 -055 027 249 089 6 -1 9 0 -062 232 -127 -0 2 7 236 116 7 -037 O 87 -042 078 -0 5 0 172 -027 8 -121 271 -134 -096 031 -176 -021 9 -X03 392 046 185 057 047 158 10 -215 -061 135 174 - 004 002 -101 11 075 128 -302 142 -165 187 -137 12 -010 065 -311 -068 116 -028 -181 13 -012 -266 -005 - 36I -036 -066 -269 14 106 -282 096 -346 -0 8 5 050 -131 115 -045 073 -042 -023 -152 -031 16 -137 287 023 -157 135 17 -008 -026 176 l4 7 18 271 098 288 19 -097 380 20 I 63 21 22 23 24 26 27 -1 6 4 -084 090 333 116 111 015 -055 -128 324 -2 4 6 o -0 5 3 032 023 -021 -004 6 1 2 . -222 -127 -073 032 018 -092 039, -064 -021 075 184 121 033 -106 -413 -0 8 0 -104 080 106 046 -024 -437 -213 -072 201 -081 -031 062 -281 -2 2 8 -008 180 -139 -106 -343 030 157 100 184 I -1 2 7 -101 -003 139 127 177 053 J -001 -048 143 -043 019 -191 -034 -146 -163 -083 O 36 122 119 198 ! -052 -060 039 -095 -131 007 -025 ! 206 159 -019 063 -016 -227 -005 156 132 -1 2 9 -129 -217 -159 048 005 293 048 -115 -0 1 0 -0 4 l 114 -196 -198 -114 128 318 222 056 ! 199 216 059 -086 -072 -146 -271 ! -246 -253 248 111 288 424 257 -1 3 0 019 007 -053 047 093 -0 2 9 ; -017 071 041 -044 -091 -242 140 -0 3 0 -0 2 4 322 -137 -140 146 107 242 -0 7 9 131 -127 -160 -053 : 094 -120 -287 -135 -063 -031 -123 163 175 i 124 292 007 182 222 213 t?3T APPENDIX A (con tin u ed ) Var. No. 29 30 31 32 33 34 Varial 35 1 -087 -163 -067 -138 -119 048 -192 ! 2 -057 -233 -386 028 -205 093 142 j 3 050 -287 -232 -076 -350 016 189 4 211 054 -175 -022 055 013 028 5 188 241 -057 126 118 -150 -013 6 242 076 -042 097 166 005 086 : 7 306 173 -034 08 5 113 -013 -0 0 5 ! 8 117 556 -037 139 269 -299 -187 ! 9 -008 389 106 343 370 -162 -209 10 -021 -266 -065 -130 -118 117 -082 11 036 088 252 -072 085 -132 -023 12 044 -155 161 071 032 192 010 13 -127 -185 -015 -064 -009 038 050 14 019 -116 036 -129 -222 177 204 15 -115 -088 -050 -004 -179 122 132 16 170 354 025 354 330 -239 -058 17 -065 -089 -158 062 -094 109 159 118 132 060 -258 090 -016 -133 -257 19 -053 049 -146 031 126 036 -020 20 -0 4 4 -193 017 -075 -173 281 -001 21 076 -O67 -288 012 019 -067 070 22 -062 -0 8 0 215 -147 -122 197 275 23 -287 -212 161 049 -122 360 078 24 227 -4 3 9 -096 056 -236 127 126 125 078 081 126 056 04l -126 -086 26 038 215 020 271 253 -359 -258 36 37 38 40 41 42 065 158 120 241 304 037 -158 083 038 162 022 069 096 -003 049 -108 057 -171 068 -002 -182 -007 146 -048 -132 372 -080 073 035 194 -002 108 180 -185 130 -103 114 302 286 099 -062 438 192 633 113 056 -033 -046 .067 -079 008 -058 -262 -381 -004 068 135 -012 142 039 116 164 -117 -108 -111 -139 008 209 049 -00? O 87 086 148 -018 -115 -125 166 036 013 1I 1 361 283 128 330 134 093 440 085 073 075 -026 - 005 187 109 163 -147 149 130 -040 221 085 -117 -184 216 -108 -059 020 -090 -180 160 032 -134 001 -033 -127 023 147 -010 081 074 -010 075 178 -069 108 164 - l 4 l 025 -043 026 150 -019 -048 030 111 241 089 1 02 -035 199 -198 -002 -007 142 123 070 116 177 135 -005 207 -094 064 277 125 -2 9 0 -098 -142 -082 -044 -149 087 175 079 119 1 00 074 O 73 102 125 APPENDIX A (con tin u ed ) Var. V ariab le 1 i I No. 29 3° 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 27 391 272 -094 231 218 -269 -177 -317 -030 093 124 012 142 -002 128 199 027 -098 072 070 -186 -009 -103 215 042 069 048 129 -063 1 29 060 -002 035 -08? -209 -064 -048 -012 099 -021 101 054 -114 ! 30 102 316 504 -425 -307 -378 -169 -194 - 2 4 l 066 184 -136 31 040 058 100 025 102 -275 -098 -134 017 033 -245 32 454 -350 -150 -176 -0 3 4 -154 -105 079 1*0 -029 33 -424 -221 -159 -149 -111 -160 O 63 -084 -070 34 34 7 329 021 138 252 -153 201 -005 35 4 l6 080 -015 162 -175 -1 3 9 116 36 273 042 I 85 -238 -0 6 0 -027 37 190 321 -042 127 157 38 200 077 125 -0 2 0 S -068 -001 248 156 -091 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 *9 50 51 52 201 126 APPENDIX A (co n tin u ed ) Var. V a ria b le No. *3 44 *5 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 I 0074 705 429 -307 -3 5 0 -2 3 0 -178 108 025 1 1 SK 0 0 VO 111 -027 117 130 2 275 -1 0 9 -021 188 280 184 246 005 165 O il 025 -272 -038 ; ? 101 -097 -097 308 135 076 118 245 348 029 176 246 -323 -106 k -264 -232 -182 312 242 171 022 -243 -009 102 033 069 03? -058 5 -0 9 0 -6 4 9 -522 453 445 432 127 -111 -032 149 -041 -0 2 9 -1 9 4 -153 6 -101 — 608 -588 -452 347 508 494 071 -2 2 5 045 179 -1 1 4 023 -031 -123 7 -1 8 3 -407 461 413 525 -017 -026 054 141 015 -032 -0 2 0 -055 8 -138 -211 -0 3 4 -152 -009 036 168 -1 6 0 -349 -021 -245 -1 0 0 217 074 9 003 -028 -0 9 5 -104 -031 -097 -034 -0 3 9 -165 -112 -297 -164 O il 106 10 -1 7 0 143 -094 -032 -1 2 7 -022 -237 -042 035 032 -0 2 0 O 83 080 -046 11 118 045 -066 170 o4i 034 115 -079 053 -016 020 137 -057 137 029 12 -0 2 8 075 -101 089 -098 -206 027 009 171 034 042 041 181 -069 i1 ? 056 068 -015 -177 -0 8 3 022 169 077 O il 108 221 124 -195 :i4 -278 -082 -0 9 4 000 -0 5 4 066 -062 -0 7 0 007 375 030 142 003 -296 15 284 190 180 033 -106 -1 4 9 224 & 183 228 176 020 162 042 16 071 105 -032 -127 -0 9 4 064 -043 -074 -151 -219 -142 186 132 -014 -056 -046 -010 104 086 044 -035 155 018 -001 050 -O63 -117 18 116 147 060 010 -062 036 -132 198 080 -422 -186 -113 -122 074 19 163 -036 070 -021 031 -031 O il 080 -231 -262 -238 -1 2 8 -341 164 20 -117 -04? -0 2 9 178 007 075 -115 -032 250 280 286 243 024 -1 3 0 21 233 -158 020 -074 0 4 l -033 009 -019 192 -155 -128 005 -299 -059 22 076 -1 9 0 -036 -042 030 019 062 -0 3 0 119 046 094 121 095 -154 23 152 059 -042 -021 -031 -1 5 4 120 -037 060 182 137 108 - 06l 004 2* 098 067 025 064 034 009 -1 2 0 268 382 O 63 -2 4 4 163 200 -127 -206 25 26 059 379 378 -219 -388 -183 -014 143 -123 -062 -006 095 078 052 150 128 -106 -115 -081 005 137 -249 -3 3 7 -303 -288 054 218 APPENDIX A (co n tin u ed ) iVar. No. 43 44 45 46 27 -000 052 105 000 28 -171 -QIC -125 263 29 -213 -1 3 9 -197 240 30 -106 -119 -228 -075 31 -097 042 -072 -085 32 080 -076 -048 053 33 -028 -249 -159 000 34 027 120 101 094 135 093 -O65 054 063 36 022 158 078 117 37 164 112 229 257 38 -026 294 191 329 39 354 037 143 135 40 !4l -054 -063 - 217 128 099 283 051 086 42 414 -032 167 -138 43 44 45 46 47 148 49 12? 081 149 461 -197 -207 -243 52 V ariab le 47 48 49 50 SI 073 041 -001 -0 0 0 -1 7 7 150 165 143 126 -002 189 177 -099 143 -038 -002 112 -038 -191 -353 -073 -040 -147 094 095 -144 043 135 -056 -088 051 108 -019 -299 -265 020 -043 -148 090 441 096 000 086 135 423 084 -0 3 8 027 022 345 034 077 -010 142 217 031 091 -099 162 172 124 042 105 234 261 -0 3 0 029 072 -0 7 5 -016 -0 3 0 012 -140 249 088 -086 -186 157 233 173 -084 -143 233 133 111 -3 1 8 -238 -217 163 081 -377 -378 091 128 -039 634 583 053 176 147 640 O 83 -042 -009 078 130 004 081 ~13i 256 J & _____ 52___ 2 t____ 55 56 -2 5 8 -155 -125 -14-6 041 156 002 -O89 -129 -004 027 001 036 -076 -132 -3 0 4 -417 -4 9 0 -106 359 249 -052 027 205 -058 -203 -408 -215 -033 224 -287 -4-77 -472 -147 346 345 347 394 194 -341 165 180 358 016 -184 224 189 339 - 0 4 l -166 -044 121 052 -1 3 0 030 090 2 98 128 -024 -025 -149 062 049 -207 -076 -0 4 5 -052 -057 -102 071 -022 -138 -013 -0 2 0 030 -177 020 004 -087 -123 I -209 -021 071 -023 071 j -013 317 144 241 081 -2 0 0 189 153 024 025 247 145 052 -262 010 010 -094 021 -125 -042 162 -085 132 -116 -120 162 187 027 -095 -015 081 124 216 -045 030 424 400 295 107 -205 451 365 279 -229 t l 66 68 69 APPENDIX A (con tin u ed ) Vm?. Vsri&liXs No. 43 44 45 46 **7 48 if9 50 51 52 53 64 55 66 53 442 191 -24-8 54 164 -490 55 -026 56 57 58 I 9 60 61 62 6' ro vo APPENDIX A (con tin u ed ) V*£. V ariab le No. 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 6 ? 1 057 -094 -033 -204 -273 -104 -185 016 -276 2 140 031 -395 039 049 -142 -002 189 -016 3 190 087 -628 100 008 -118 O 63 285 087 4 025 107 008 266 211 064 -045 038 183 5 -142 -039 133 365 310 147 -033 -092 284 6 043 -109 -0 1 0 342 201 013 041 026 228 7 -127 -0 9 5 166 252 285 -052 -052 044 251 8 -059 -091 359 -182 -168 224 -091 -338 -104 9 085 020 223 -123 013 181 -126 -285 -232 10 -043 -1 4 0 -076 005 -021 -174 -058 129 122 11 -158 -1 6 7 040 140 -115 015 -068 013 085 12 024 135 081 -091 -095 -039 082 172 116 13 -O36 -147 090 -188 -148 -085 051 -029 075 14 -114 -067 016 018 04l -108 170 213 054 -048 15 127 -015 -136 -103 -026 -048 028 297 16 -082 -089 329 -002 106 334 -129 -298 -0 7 3 17 O 33 -157 -066 -0 66 04l -065 178 173 117 18 079 057 -174 167 069 111 -298 -087 -306 19 215 -059 029 107 052 244 094 -144 -1 5 0 -393 174 20 049 288 -273 114 -137 298 339 21 432 036 -300 -1 2 0 -0 7 4 -052 -071 058 -131 22 -087 -082 053 -128 -126 -062 109 048 177 23 -051 -034 -150 -119 -015 007 247 209 153 24 166 202 -588 -050 056 -353 018 388 109 25 -1 1 0 -1 8 0 143 -049 -135 035 -201 -160 -213 26 -046 -184 296 -060 -091 103 -378 -324 -133 66 67 68 69 -190 -109 -052 639 563 219 603 486 333 -021 049 058 177 -075 035 042 -0 2 5 -001 -023 -106 -074 -194 -324 -394 -O63 -046 -232 -054 091 192 -295 -222 -149 -096 -078 01,8': -052 -096 162 -168 -069 116 227 140 000 -292 -121 -260 318 222 074 094 004 -121 268 023 -107 187 178 278 282 415 037 055 217 127 042 276 •157 -257 -0 6 4 -064 -305 -338 128 156 497 4 l4 032 232 253 071 -159 -130 -038 -324 -273 113 -138 144 135 -005 052 ■327 -028 -205 -124 148 -061 098 149 336 -112 -223 130 APPENDIX A (con tin u ed ) Var, No. 57 58 59 60 61 62 V ariab le 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 27 033 -073 O 83 215 064 231 -385 -278 -342 000 -074 -242 -340 28 075 -084 -041 312 240 114 -242 047 005 032 020 095 020 29 -1 1 0 -094 036 306 265 -156 -139 -076 062 O il -007 000 -070 30 -137 -259 508 099 017 498 -301 -650 -308 -222 -481 -666 -699 31 022 -0 0 5 206 015 -002 062 208 -027 101 -252 — 286 -004 073 32 -067 -1 1 5 333 -004 078 306 -139 -305 -023 053 -133 -232 -278 33 -114 -216 331 -050 041 314 -268 -501 -1 8 0 -189 -319 -451 -515 3* 057 147 -301 -127 273 -3 3 0 379 473 260 -0 1 0 380 456 493 35 068 -002 -247 -048 211 -213 289 349 330 106 219 354 343 36 102 132 -309 -154 125 -341 409 437 390 053 274 348 4 l4 37 033 047 -257 060 054 -099 -004 182 -019 236 233 227 103 38 -055 -031 -254 119 120 -133 -124 126 059 -021 -022 -028 041 39 22? -068 -362 053 169 -084 -134 318 -075 544 380 218 200 40 -114 -057 084 162 -007 144 -173 -073 -067 000 -159 -085 -116 4 i 206 -176 091 284 267 -012 -004 053 -149 -043 -027 029 -135 42 206 -177 -046 -000 079 -007 014 103 -156 283 234 -052 -0 2 0 43 -012 -346 044 -072 -088 -025 032 -037 -028 298 162 -071 -068 44 063 -063 -032 -147 -139 -1 1 8 -0 4 l 120 -187 -187 -038 107 109 45 145 241 -115 -264 -197 -091 -093 105 -202 -032 -001 054 064 46 -042 064 -159 457 456 053 052 228 250 356 208 251 105 47 012 077 -044 367 371 189 021 219 094 404 238 073 114 48 -1 6 8 -079 199 321 219 114 076 -009 275 219 049 149 028 49 06? 050 072 163 -078 007 097 033 087 199 112 106 007 50 178 075 001 175 247 -004 157 233 -091 114 264 202 223 51 116 092 -412 O il 173 -186 3 08 483 343 188 397 407 337 52 039 169 -072 094 069 -224 405 401 394 -042 111 316 432 131 APPENDIX A (con tin u ed ) Var. V ariab le No. 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 53 -073 183 -295 01** 106 -208 26 7 417 238 042 176 321 416 5 * * 070 093 -290 057 036 -235 -140 **71 391 326 -0 1 0 266 463 **79 5I -008 073 19** -15** -098 279 15** 300 -323 -151 049 082 56 112 050 17** -078 -048 3**5 -216 -245 -276 -010 -192 -378 -373 57 211 -182 '-0 3 1 062 040 082 226 -028 211 346 233 -034 58 -219 -183 015 -007 209 287 041 021 206 089 248 59 069 -093 312 -029 -417 -177 -263 -418 -412 -458 60 **91 131 039 068 04l 157 051 139 -062 61 01** 050 114 — 023 157 184 317 -028 62 -139 -3**5 -335 032 -133 -542 -472 63 516 450 176 331 i 428 64 4 l6 208 524 524 65 -063 267 440 387 66 519 231 269 67 588 446 68 588 69 132 APPENDIX B U N R O TA TED FACTOR M ATRIX OF 69 VARIABLES APPENDIX B UNROTATED FACTOR MATRIX OF 69 VARIABLES* V a r . N o . 1 2 3 4 5 F a c t o r 6 7 8 ? 10 11 12 .. j 1 -0 6 67 -1 2 -3 0 14 10 -0 5 -1 9 01 09 01 09 ! 2 37 - 0 9 - 5 3 30 07 1 0 1 0 - 1 7 22 - 0 9 - 0 5 2 0 3 52 - 1 2 - 5 4 1 0 1 5 - 0 4 - 0 2 03 1 0 1 8 -0 6 - 0 3 4 03 -3 6 05 -2 2 05 - 1 6 1 4 0 4 05 - 1 6 - 0 4 - 2 1 5 - 0 2 - 8 2 05 1 4 0 9 - 0 1 - 1 0 1 7 - 1 0 1 7 0 4 - 0 2 j 6 05 - 7 7 1 1 1 1 0 2 - 0 9 - 1 3 05 - 0 2 1 1 - 0 9 - 0 5 i 7 0 0 - 6 4 1 0 - 2 2 - 0 9 - 0 7 - 0 6 - 1 0 06 1 8 - 1 0 06 i 8 - 4 9 - 1 3 1 8 1 2 - 0 8 - 1 5 1 6 30 0 5 - 1 0 - 1 1 2 4 : 9 - 3 4 _ o 4 - 1 9 - 0 5 - 3 3 - 3 0 - 0 1 1 3 -0 1 02 01 05 1 0 11 07 07 - 1 5 1 5 - 1 8 - 3 0 - 1 7 - 0 4 1 6 1 7 25 1 1 - 1 3 - 0 4 0 7 - 4 2 - 1 6 0 6 0 2 - 1 9 2 6 1 5 - 2 8 - 1 7 1 2 05 0 6 1 5 - 2 6 - 2 4 - 1 0 03 - 4 1 1 4 - 0 9 - 2 9 1 1 13 09 16 28 18 12 25 -2 0 -0 4 03 -0 9 -0 4 20 ! l 4 16 -0 7 36 04 14 14 -1 0 -0 6 -2 8 03 -1 8 -0 0 1 5 2 0 1 9 - 1 1 07 - 2 2 3 5 2 2 0 1 0 4 0 9 - 2 2 - 0 7 1 6 - 4 0 -0 1 - 1 4 - 2 3 - 3 8 - 1 2 - 0 5 22 1 7 - 0 2 06 05 1 7 21 -1 2 - 0 4 36 - 0 3 - 0 1 - 2 1 1 6 - 0 9 1 6 3 3 - 0 5 1 8 - 1 2 0 6 - 5 9 - 3 1 - 0 1 - 2 1 - 0 9 0 6 - 0 0 1 1 05 - 0 0 1 9 - 1 0 - 0 0 - 4 4 1 5 - 0 2 0 1 - 0 2 - 2 6 - 2 4 - 1 1 - 1 0 06 2 0 3 5 - 1 6 - 0 2 - 1 2 - 0 6 - 1 7 05 1 0 - 1 4 3 5 0 9 - 0 6 2 1 1 4 -0 6 - 5 4 2 4 - 0 8 -3 2 - 0 5 1 6 - 0 9 06 - 2 1 - O i 1 2 2 1 8 - 0 3 2 4 30 - 0 1 1 2 - 2 1 07 0 6 - 1 7 06 - 2 9 2 3 2 4 05 1 8 2 9 - 1 6 1 3 - 0 1 - 0 6 - 1 4 0 6 0 2 - 2 0 > 2 4 50 0 6 - 4 2 - 1 6 0 4 - 2 8 - 1 6 07 1 3 - 0 9 - 1 2 0 2 :2 5 - 2 5 4 3 - 0 4 - 2 1 03 13 - 1 9 21 - 0 3 - 1 9 08 - 1 5 2 6 - 4 2 1 5 - 2 1 - 1 4 - 0 3 07 - 0 7 0 9 23 - 0 1 1 8 06 2 7 - 3 4 -0 2 - 3 9 - 2 6 05 - 0 0 -0 3 17 -0 1 - 3 0 - 1 5 -1 1 2 8 - 0 1 - 2 2 - 2 0 - 3 5 0 7 1 0 0 5 0 7 0 1 - 0 5 - 1 2 - 0 6 i 2 9 - 0 5 - 2 8 - 1 0 - 3 5 2 0 - 0 7 -1 6 2 4 0 2 - 2 7 - 1 2 0 2 !30 - 7 8 -2 5 - 0 4 0 4 -1 6 0 4 05 0 9 -0 7 07 03 - 0 7 ; 3 i - 0 7 03 4 i - 1 6 - 3 0 01 - 0 3 - 0 6 - 0 4 - i 4 - 0 5 - 2 5 i 32 - 3 8 - 1 7 - 1 7 0 4 - 3 1 -0 1 - 0 6 0 3 1 5 - 0 5 1 5 1 1 3 3 -6 1 -2 2 - 0 6 1 0 - 1 6 - 0 8 - 0 3 - 1 3 1 5 01 0 9 - 1 0 3 4 5 7 1 1 20 01 - 2 7 -1 1 - 1 8 - 2 9 - 2 5 - 1 1 06 - 0 9 i 3 5 4 7 -0 3 1 0 1 3 - 1 9 0 9 - 1 0 0 8 06 - 1 4 - 0 2 - 2 1 36 5 1 0 5 1 4 0 2 - 1 7 - 0 8 0 0 - 1 1 1 6 - 0 6 1 6 - 1 7 3 7 2 4 08 - 4 0 - 2 3 01 - 0 5 0 4 - 0 5 1 7 1 4 16 05 ] 3 8 1 6 0 7 - 1 6 - 4 2 1 5 0 7 0 2 - 0 3 07 1 8 0 8 - 1 7 3 9 3 8 0 4 -6 1 0 1 - 1 4 06 - 1 5 - 1 0 1 0 - 0 5 - 0 9 - 2 8 40 - 1 4 - 1 4 0 1 - 1 4 1 9 1 1 0 4 - 1 4 - 1 1 1 1 - 2 1 0 5 1 # ■ j A ll d ecim a l p o in ts h ave been o m itte d . APPENDIX B ( c o n t i n u e d ) m co rH C M O v H H H H H H 1 O O v H O O n O n C M 1 V O 0 0 O 1 •P o £vO X T ' r> C M % > 5 2 1 O O H O O O O H H O O H H O H O C M O O O t i l l II I II H H N H H H I I I H I I I I I I C M r l O H O I I C M O I I O C M I I C M H O O O H H H C M v i w » v — ' u j - j w n v n v >U v i w V M O O H O H O O H O O O O O H H C M I I I I I I till 0 o o o 1 I H H O O p - l O I I O CM O O CM COH O H COO O O H I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I H-d" O C M Ox O v \n Os C M COCO O OvONjfr COH COC^-d xnCv-O-CO C O OMN^J- xn h h c m o h h h o c m o o c m c m o o c o c m x o o o o c m o h o o o h o III I I I I III I I XOO COxr,VO H -d - H XAXOCOOOCO Jj- XO^J-VO XOC^HCM Cv-VOVO C O o cm^ H CM CO H O C M r -I C M CO CM O O H O O O H (OCM COH H O O O C M H O O I I I I I I I I I x n v o O N H CO VO XO H -d- O COO V\CM VO C M -d- C M -d- 0 -0 0 C O Ov H C M H -d - O C O C M H C M O O O O O O C M C M H C M O C M H C M O C M O H H C M C M H O H O O I I I I I III I I I I I I I I I I II OvXT\XT\VO CO^t C O C T v COOO-d VOOO C M C"-d C O COO Cv-OvCO IN- H xnCM VO C M V O COH C M COO COO H C M C M H H H H H O O O O CO C M O O H O COH H O I I I I I I I I I I I I I II II II COCO C M C M x n v o i n C M C^-CM-d x n c v - n x o o v c o ^ - C O NO xnxOCM OnO nO nO nO o - h c o c o o h h h o o c m o j j - h c m ^ - h c m o c m h h h c o o 4 - x n r o o h i i i i i i i i i i i ii ill it C N -C O H ONXncM C^-d o C M H V O -d CVHCO ON-d 0 00 HOO C M C M i n CO i n CO C M O H C M N O N O N O V O N O H H O H H O C M O O O H - d - d h o o c m c m o o h till I I I I I I till C V -C M VO xn vo Cv-vo £>-00 COO VO On C v -CM C M O v-d C M -d C O O N i n x n v o ONVOCO-d O H O O O C M H O O C M V O -d'-d" x n O d - H C M VO O H - d xntv-^J- CO VO £v-Cv- I I I I h c m m .d x n v o c v - c o o n o h c m c o d x n v o c ^ c o o v o h c m m d x n v o c ^ - o o on d d d d d d d d d x n x n x n x n x n x n x n x n x n xn vo vo vo vo no novo no vo vo APPENDIX B ( c o n tin u e d ) ' |VO ICO !1 — I < M o n C M C M C M C M O C M O U H O ■ P m o 00 CflH «s| H V O H X O d H en • {>S O V C O C O V O V O xn m O C O H ' A O ' v C M C M d c n c M C M V O C O end O O d ' V O v O N o OOv^H O v v O I N C v - O m O v d C M - 4 " V O C M C M OOOOOOHOOOOOO OO OOHOOOHHOrHHOOOOOHOOOOOOOOOOOOO I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I II I I I I I I I I H V O H V O H - ^ - O V p H C M C O H O O C M C M H ^ V V O C M d P - C n x n O V T \ 0 0 \ O O O O end P - c n c M x r v v r v o V O M ^ H C M o O O O O O O O O O O H O O O O c M H H O O O O O O O O O H H O H H O H O H O O O O H O O O H I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I r\+ h ©vo p-o vo d p - o w n d x n d -d c ^ r > o p-cm vo c n o c m hcm h o j - o ovo n o x n v o x n o v n c ^ d v o d h h O H O O O O H O O O O O O O O O O H H H O O O O H C M O O H O O O O H O O H H O H O O O O O lilt I I I I I I I I I I I till cm vo ov ov on cnn cm m d cm h o v n o c m h x n o e n d xnvo vo o v c n o cncnco vo xnoo ovovh p-xncM p - p - o o p-en O H O H O H O H i H O O H H O H O O O O O O O O O O O O O O H O O O O O O O O O O O H O O O I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I II I I I I c n m o o v \ v ' \ h ''O j3- on c n v o d h o w n cm e n d d v o h e n v o v o o n o o v h ^ o cm h e n » n x n o v o e n c n c n H h h * n v o ©OHOOHOr-tOOOOHCMOOOOOOOOr-lOOHHOOHOOOOrtHHOOOOOcMOO I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I C M 00 P-00 r\H P-Ov cnvO d d V T \V O rlOOvNH c n x n o CMd o P -C M P - d d OvXnOv CnO U M S -C °\H V T v H vnmcM o OOOOOOOOOHOOOOHOOOOCMOHHOHHHOHOOCMHOOOOOHOOOOOCM I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I cm o h c^ipcnp-o H-d-oocMOcMcoddd- p-oncnc^xnco ovnncMdCMfinnv\NHo p-Hdco xnovcM C M O O H O C M O O O O H H H O O O O O O H H H O O O O O C M H O O O O O H O O O O H O O O O O I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I O C M C M P -C M d c n O d P-P-C M r v v o v o O v d O v e n C M VYOCM o CD H P - P - H d C n c n P -P -V O C M v o n n o © X T * C M C ^ -d H H H H O O O H O O H O H O © O O H C M C M H O O O O H O O O © © O H O H C M O C M O H H O O H O I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I C D c o d -00 CnH X T iC M O v C M O cncM -d -d m o v v o v o v o H 'O N d onOvd P -H r \H H CVD H -d P -H O v en x n x n H d *n © OO O O O H C M H O H H O O H O H O O O O O HO O H H H O O H O H H H H O C M H O O H O H O II I II II I II I I I I I I II n o h h v o xr»xr\Ov o v o o - o O d d cm x n o d d c n c n x n c o xnovcM o cm v o cm cm o m o o en cn cM c M d v o n O N H C M H O H O O O H H O H C M O O H O O © © H O H O © H H C M H H O H H O H O H O H H O O O H O I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I v o o v x n e m n d cm h H v o - d p -cm p - o c m c o d p - o cn cMd p - c d n n c m p - h ® cm o \ h p -p - c m p - p - d o o h h h h o o h o o h o h <n o o o h c m o h h h h o h c m o © h h o o o © o o h h o o o h o III I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I © o c d h p-hvoen HOHOHHOCM I I I d p - o v p - o p - d h h cm xnvo e n n n n xnow ovo v\co o v h ovco p-vovo c n x n o men xnvo vo c o o c m o o o o c m h o h o h o o o o o h o o o h n o o o o o o cm n o h h h h r- 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H c m e n d x n v o p ^ co o v o h c m e n d ' n v o p - c o o v o h c m e n d x n v o p - c o o v o h c m e n d x n v o p - o o o v © h c m e n d ' n h h h h h h h h h h c m c m c m c m c m c m c m c m c m c m c n c n c n c n c n m c n c n c n c n d d d d d d / I o s o s o \O s C 7 s O s o \o s o s o s v jiV j\S n v j x V j\v j\V j \'j \S A S n - f r - p r - p r so 00-0 O s S P - f ^ S j O P O M ovo 00- > 3 O s S n . - £ - U ) toH oo 0 0 -0 O s 5 3 < 4 o p • 4 • II I I I II 1 1 1 1 oooHoHoHoooooHoooHHMHoHo Vj\Vjj OsPO HUisOsO CDUx Po-O H H -RSA SO Vj) SO HHNoH H uO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I I I HOOHOHHHOOHHOOOPOOOOHOOOO O U SJ - p - H C D O s - O 0 0 p - - p U l S O H o- O S O O O H O t o> ih H ■ f r 1 I I I 1 1 1 1 I I OHOOOPOPOHOOOOOOOHOOHOHHOO 0 0 - 0 - O U x V j \ H 00 -psj O s P O P O P O S n P * P P O S O S O H - O O S O s 0 0 H U S I I I 1 1 I I I I I I I 0 H0 0 HHH0 HH0 0 HH0 H0 0 0 0 0 HH0 H -P v t O s O P O O s S n P O O s H o O s P O V O H O S - O S O O S P O - J C O O S H O s 1 I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 OOOHOHOOOOOHHOHHHOOOHOOO O s S O P O H O s S A H H V j O U i H H -O O sH V jsH O s-P -P P O H U v O s H 1 I I I I I 1 OOOOOOOOWOOONOHOH O O H HH O O O s s o O P O V j O O V n -J P O -pp-osco P O H -p H - v } s O H 0>JU\ P °°o 1 I I I 1 I I I I I OOOOOOOOOOOOHHHHOOOHOOOO H C O H S O S O S O - O S O O s S O S O - 3 S a O S O S V A S O O O S U ) p r v o O s S OVO I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 OOOOOOOOOHOOOOHOHHOHOHOO H 0 0 s o PO-vJ PO O s O S 0 0 - O POSO H S O PO p - O s PO S O PO - P " S aV j\ 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 OHOHOOOHOHOHHOOOOOHHHHHO V j i P O S A o O s - C 0 0 -0 P O H H U O H P O H S n O O O O H s O O H O s - p r PO M I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 HHOOOHOHHOOOOOOOOHOHOOOO O ■ J S ’ s p V A O s S O - f r .f r O s S O O S O 0 " > 3 0 0 S O U ) 0 0 S O P O H S O H P O PO PO I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 HOOHOHOHHOOOHOOOOOOOOOHO H V j\-O S O -pr -fr q o S a O O O N H P O O x H H - 0 0 0 * > 3 N I PO PO s o P O s o 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I oHoooooHHooooooHHoHooooo O s - f r s o s o S A S n O s S O H 0 0 O s S O 00 so— 3 0 0 - f r s o H S n U ) f o H r o - f r APPENDIX B ( c o n t i n u e d ) APPENDIX B ( c o n t i n u e d ) o o oo H NO c o l V O C 'N 3 * c o l C O C O C M < r S U O • p o c f l fc H C O O cO O N C M 00 C M IS C M V O C M V O C M S > a cmcmocmhhho co c m c m coh c m o h o c m o h o h h c m h h co coh mouoo hcmocmcmohhcmo coo h o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I C M H C M H C O v O . d - . d - f s V O C M 0 3 C O H 4 ‘ O O C O . 4 C M O C O O . - - - - - - QOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO o o o o o o o o I I I I I I <0.4 C O C M COHH^-CM C'-O^CM VOOCM H O C O C M o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o I I I I I I I I I I vo vo COH o V O C M V O vo 0 0 C M H H H H-d’ O O C O .4 O O M O . 4 H-4 H C M S M O O vC M V O H SC M 0 3 v r » C M H ^ O O M O C O . 4 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o I I I I I I I I I till I II I I I I I II CO C M c o C M COCMVOVO 0 0 4 " C M O H COVO H COMOVO-4 C M O C M C M C O H C O H J t O C M M J O v H O V O , M O C M H C M H M O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O H O O O O O O O O O O O O I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H H V O C O I S H H C O J t C M V O C M C M C M H V O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o I I I I I I I I C O O O C M C M C O O H IS C M H O H H V O H OOHOOOHHOOOOOOOO I I I I I I 4- C O r l C M O W O V O O V C M V O C M C M O v O C M C M OOHOOOOOOOOOOOOO I I I I I S H C M VO C M C M MOCOCOVO-4-4 0 0 - 4 O C M O H O O O H O O O O O O O O O O I I I I I I I I V O C M C M -4 H O O C M M O O H4 H4 V O C O O S 3) - O v H - C M C M C M C O - 4 C M V O 4 - O v ~ - ~ ' OOOHOOOOOOOOOOOHOOOOO OOOOO I I I I I I H O C M M O V O O M D C M S.4 O O OOHOOOOOOOOO I I I I I I I I I I I I I OOO I I C O M O O H IS C M o C O C O 0 V O H -4 - H-4 M O C O OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO I I I I I I I C M H C O C M 3 ) - C M O V H H -4 C O 4- H C O V O C O H C M C M HVOH3)W4 C O 3)- C O C M o o o o h c j o h o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o h o o o h o t i l l I I III I I I I I I C M 0 V C 0 3 } - M O H M O M O C M H H H H CO H O vM O H C O H M O O v c M O v C O V O M O S H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 H 0 0 O I I I I I I I I I I I o I O S H O V H H O O C M C M H SVO N N O C O H MOOvO H O O v O H 4 H O N 4 C M W O V T O V O C M C M H H 3)- 0 0 3 * - 4 H S H O O h O O H O H O O O O O h O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O h O O O O O H O O O H O O O I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I CO 4 - H 4 4 O M 0 O 4 M 5 C M HCM M O C M S C O S 3 ) - 3 )- S C O C M H O H H C M C M OOCOHVO C O H O O v .4 H CO-4 VO C M C M Ov O O O H O O H H O O O O H O O O O O H O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O H O O O I 9 I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I CM -4 O M O H C O O ON M O O C M O V C M M O VO Ov Ov O C M C M C M C O H 0 . 4 . 4 SC M S 3 ) - 3j- COvOVO S S M O C M MOOvoO H S O S ---------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- O O O O O O H H H O O O O O H o H ° ---------------- OOOOOOHO II II OHOOOHOOOOOOOO I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 1 I C O C M V O H -4 M O C M SO C M C M v O H -4 H V O H SO H H M O M O S H O M O C M V O C M C M H H O v C M V O O S O V C O S V O S 3 )- 0 0 OOOOOOOOHHOHOHOOHOHOOOOOHOOHOOOOOHOHHOOHOOOOO I I I I I I I I I I I I I I III t i l l I H C M c o 4 - M O V O soo o v O H C M c o 3) - M O v O S O O O v O H C M C O 3) - M 0\ O S C O O v O H C M C O . 4 M O V O S C O O v O H C M C 0 3 ) - M O H H H H H H H H H H C M C M C M C M C M C M C M C M C M C M C O C O C O C O C O C O C O C O C O (0-4 4 3} - 3 4 4 4 O v O v O v O v O v O v O v O v O v O v V n V A O iV A V A V A U iV A O iV n -P" -P" -P" -P" vo 0 0 -0 OvVjv ■P'U) M H o v O 00-0 OvVa -P'VjJ to H OOD 00'•O Ov II I I I I I I III I O O O O O O H O O O O O O O O O H O H O O H O O vo to h -pr\o -p"o ootovnvo-o -P'vo o\H \o u n m n h h o o I I I I I -I I I I I I I I I I I H000H000000000H0000H0000 -OHvOHVuJlOOvOOtO PO V A -vJU ) O POVjJ 0 0 O - P " H - n3 O v-<JVjJ I I I I I I l i l t I POOOOOOHOOHOOHOOOOHHHMHO - p - v o C O 00 to 0-0 V O 0 0 H to 0 0 -p -H O O V A f O U ) O O O O O O N H I I I I I I I I I I I I O O H O O O O O O O O O O O O O Q O O O H O O O V O O J H v OOJ O V A V j J to C T v v O V j) to to-o H -p-ONHVjl ovo to - P * I I I I I I I I I I I I O O H O O O O O O O O O O O H H O O O O O O O O ■ P ’ V n ooojvjJ tovo to v _ n V jJ -o v _ o to-> 3 h H to rovox owjv to to-vj I I I I I I I I I I I I II H o o q o o H o o o o o o H o o o o H o o o o o tOHOJ -p-VJ p r H H v O H O i t O H H to -p- to -pr to OOVAVn H H I I I I I I I I I I I I I o o o o o o o o o o o o H H p p o H o o p o o o ■ P " S 1 H V a H vO - P - H V a H O O ^ t H - P - ^ - ^ - H tOvO -P--P-VO CDVjJ I I I I I I I I I I I H o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o H o P H t o 0 0 t o O O tO 00->3 N O x O W H P O O H H N P H I I I I I I I I I I I o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o to iovjO t o v n - o OvVa rovn -p- o \ -p- o v H v a vo to o v to I I I I I I I I o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o I I I I I I I I II 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O vO vtO V O V jJV A O O -P'-p-t'OH (O V jJ O ro V jJ -P " to o 1 I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p o o o o o o V jJ H to • P - H t o 1 1 H o o o VO H V jv H s o V jJ 1 o o o o V jJ o t o v n o -P- 1 1 p o o o VjJ VjJ H t o VA o o O o V jJ o t o t o o OS 0< i to t o Os to -o to 00 to s o > 4 » a c + o hi H U ) V D APPENDIX B ( c o n t i n u e d ) APPENDIX C PINAL PATTERN FOR LEAST SQUARES ROTATION N r H VO H V O r H ■ 3 * r H C O r H * a o C M H r H E H E H O r H 0 3 r H C O w O 3 «H D & O C O fH ON X eh O M C O P Q o g f t w I H ft 0 0 ft ft « < O f t 1 « S E H E H NO < ! ft H vr> s M f t •sjr c n C M r H • M * j-3 O > Ja; jr-IH r-lrH H OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOQ oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 HHHHHHrlHrlHHHHrlrlHrlrlrlHHHriH 1 I I I 1 I I I I I OOOOOOOOOOOHOOOOHOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO HrlHrlrlHHHHHHOHHHHOHHHHrlHH I I I I I I I I I | OOOQOOOOOOOOOO— IOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO H HH HHrlHHHHHHHrlOrlHHHHHHHrl I I I I I I I I I I OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 HHrlHrlHrirlHHNNrlHHrlOriHHHHrlrl I I I I I I I I oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo HHHHrjIHr^HHplHrlrlHrlrlHH IS41 t'-H r) H O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O H O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O rHiHtHrHtHrHrHtHrHtHtHtHrHrHrHtHtH N rH O iH rH rH rH I I I I I I I I I I I I OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO HrlHHHHHHrlHrlHrlriHHHHHHHHHrl 1 I I I I I I I I I OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO rlrlrlrlHHrlrlrlHHrtHHHHHHHHrlHHH • I I I I I I I I I I I I OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO oooooooooooooooooooooooo HHrlHrlrlHHrlHHrlHHrlHHrlrlrlrlHrlrl I I I II I I I I I I I I I OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 HHHHrlHOrlrHHHHrlr I rH rH rH rH r— I iH rH rH rH rH 1 I I I I I I I I I OOOOOOOHOOOOOp-lOOOOOOOOOO ooooooooxnooooooooooooooo HrHHHHHHO 'O r) rl rl H O HNHHrlHrlHrlH • I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O fH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 HHHHHHHHrlHHrlrlrlHHHHHHrlrlHO 1 I I I I I I I I oooooooooooooooooooooooo 0 tf'jW'iO o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o rH CO CD HH Hr - i H HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHr l 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I oooooooooooooooooooooooo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHrHHrHHHHr-t HHH I I I I I I I I I I I I oooooooooooooooooooo,— fOOO O O O O VT\0 V>0 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ®*TlrHrHCOCOC^-HrHrHHHHrHrHH^rHi— IHI®HrH(H I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I OOHOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO^ H H ® HHHrl®HHrlHHHrHrlrlHHrlHHHW 1 I I I I I II I I I H C M 0^-3- » T i N O C ^ - 0 0 O n O H C M W O C V C O On O H C M < * > - 3 - « H rH iH rH p H » H iH r H rH H C M C M C M C M C M •O 0 ) -P P t O ® & ® > 2 to P ■ H o f t •H O ® •d O* p - -p- p - p '^ p v j r p r p - p - p r u ) V jJ I I I I I I I I I I HHHHPHHHHHHoHHHHH o- S I Ho o HHH oooooooooooooooooooooooo OOOO OOO OOO OMO OOO OHO OOO OO I I I I. I I I. I I I I I O O O p O O V A OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOHj OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO» - jOOO I I I I I I I I I I I OOO oooooooooooooooooooo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o H o o o o I HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHoHH oooooooooooooooooooooooo OOOOOOOOOOOOOHOOOO o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o I I I I HH H I I I OOOOOOOOOOOOOOHHoO I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOHMOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO I I I I t i l l OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHoHHHHo pooooooooooooooopooooo HOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOHOOOOH I I I I . . I I I I I OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO o o 0 o 1 I H H o o o o I I I I I HHHHHHHHHHH oHH^OvOOHH O OH OOOOOOOOOOOOOO O Ul oooooooo OOOOOOOOOOOHOOOOOOOHHOOO I H I I I I I I I CJ\H H H H o H H H H H H On On H h h h h 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ovn o o o o o o o o o o H o o o o o o o o o o o o .> 1 > H H H H H o o o o o o o o o o I I I HH OH H o o p o o O O H o O HHHHHHHHHH OOOOOOOO OOOOOOOO I I I I H H H H H H I H ooooooooooo ooooooooooo I I I I I I l i l t . . HHHHHHHHH ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo I I I I I I I HHHHHH H -n J - n J H H H H ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo I I I H H H H H OsH ooooooooooo ooooooooooo I I I I HHHHHHHHHHH OOOOOOOOOOO o o o o o o o o o o o I I I I HHHHHHHHHHHHH OOOOOOOOOOOOO I I I HHHHHHHOsOsH OOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO I I I I I I I I HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOO HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHPHHHHH ro N > O n V a I I H H • O O 0 o 1 H H H O O O O O H N > 3 § 1 H H LO O O 0 O 1 1 H H O O O O 1 H H U i O O 0 O 1 1 H H ON O O O O > 3 * 4 S > O O 00 o O O ct o 1 1 H H O O 0 O 1 1 O H H H O O O O O H H H O O 0 O 1 H H H H O O 0 O 1 to HH H O O O O H H H O O 0 O 1 1 P r H H H O O 0 O 1 1 H H H O O O O O n O O H O O H H APPENDIX C ( c o n tin u e d ) O S O S OS O S O S O N O S Os O S O S V jx V J l V A V /l * J\ U x U x V /x U x so C D -O O sU x ■ p r 'u O IO H o V O C D -O O s V ix + "U > N > H OOOHHHHoHHoHHHHHHH-n> 0 0,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O Vjx hj-jhio o o o H o o H o o o o o o o o 1.1 I I. I I I o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o I I I I I I I I I I I HHMHHHHHHHHHHH H-O 0 0 -S I H OOOOOOOOOOOOOO OU\ O V Jl o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ro V jJ .1.1 I OHOOOOHHHHHHOOHHH OsH H H H O O O V J X OOOOOOOOO OVA o o o o H o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o I I I I I I I H C O H H H o H s J H H H H H s J H H H H H O 'O X O O O O O V J X o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o H o p o o o o o o o o o o o I I I I I I II I I I I o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o II I I I I I I I I H H H H H H H H H o H H H H H H H H H o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o H o o o o o o o o o Ln os I I I I I I I II HHHHHHMHHo HHHHHHH o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o OOOOOOOOOHOOOOOOOOO I t i l l I HHHHHHOJHHHHHHHHHHH O OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o H I I I I OOOHHOOOHHHHHMHHHHHH O x p o o p OOOOOOOOOOOOOO OHOOHHHOOOOOOOOOOOO I I I II I I HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO II I I I I I ti ll HHHH-v 3HHHHHH-\3 O sH o H H H H O O O OUx O O O O O O O V jx o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o H o o o o I I I HHHHHHHHHHHHHHoHHHH o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o OOOOOOOOOOOOOOHOOOO £ i 7 l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I HHHHHHHHHHHoHHHHHHH o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o H o o o o o o o I II II I I I I I I HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO I I I I I I H o H H H H H H-O-O HHHHHHHHH O O O O O O O O V jxV jx OOOOOOOOO 0 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH O g . OD S* P O e+ O 4 vo H H H ro u> H os H ho APPENDIX C ( c o n tin u e d ) APPENDIX D PATTERN FOR ROTATION PATTERNED T O W A R D T H E CATTELL FACTORS PATTERN F O R ROTATION PATTERNED T O W A R D T H E CATTELL FACTORS -* H CnOOOOOOOOOOHr-lOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOHOOOOOOOOOOOO H C M H H rH O H O v G O u O O ^ ai fc V O VP on C M ft O > S3 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOHHOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o h o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o OOOOOOOOOOOOHHHOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCjJOHHHOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOpOOOHOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOHOOO O O O O O O AoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOHHOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOHHOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOh OOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOHOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOHHOOOOO 1 I OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOHHHOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Oh HOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOHOOOOOOOOOOOOOOH^OOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOHOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOHHOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOp-JrHHOOOOOOO OOOHHHOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO h cm vr\vo O '-co ovo h cm o'ut v r» v o cvoo ovo h c m rvi* m -w o c^oo ono h c m w o C "-co ovo h n HHHHHHHHHHCm cm cm cm cm cvicm cm cm cm I a \0\0\0\0s0\0\0\0\0s\jiVn»ji\j\Uivnvk nvnvj\V-n ■ £ ■ ■ £ ■ ■ P '-P ’-P'-P’ \0 0 0 -0 O s V A ■ P ’ U ) t O H o v o 0 0 -0 O M ^ i - P v ^ f O H O V O 0 0 -0 O s V J i - P o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O S D • 4 P 0 L r x 41 o 4 C D l_l o H H H ro H H -p - 4=- cn APPENDIX D ( c o n t i n u e d ) APPENDIX E PATTERN FOR ROTATION PATTERNED TOW ARD THE GUILFORD FACTORS P A T T E R N F O R R O T A T IO N PATTERNED T O W A R D T E E G U IL F O R D FACTORS v> o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ooooooooooooooooooooooooo cn ooooooooooooooooooooooooo rH C M O N u o ■POO o c f l fe V O cn C M !>55 ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo fHOOOOOOOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O rH C M 'AVO (S-00 O vO H C M VTlvO C^OO OvO H C M C°v^- HHrlrlHHrtHHHNNNNNN A P P E N D I X E (continued) H H co < M rH O H O' U O +3 00 o 0 5 V O »n C M - o 149 oooooooooooooooooooooooooo©© OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOHOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOHOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOiHH OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOHrHOOOOOOOOOO oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOiHr-lrHOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOrHOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOHHOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO I OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO V O C V - C O O v O H c v i rva- «Vo 0-00 O v O H c v t V \v O 0-00 O O rH C V J c v j c m c m c m 0\0\ONONO\Q\0\0\ONO\VnV/i\JxOxUxVj\ n £ > 00-S I O n X jx N > I-* o n O oo-o O n V ji < p - ! V a r. NO. HoooooooooHooooo H ooooooHooooooooo ro oooooooooooooooo ooHMoooooooooooo •F OOOOOHOOOOOOOOOO O x oooooooooooooooo On ooooooooHHoooooo SI •A » OHOOOOOHOOOOOMOO w o o c t - o 4 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO N O 0 0 0 0 H0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 H o OOOOOOOO o o o o o o o o M M oooooooooooooooo fN J oooooooooooooooo H OJ oooooooooooooooo M F oooooooooooHMooo H O x APPENDIX E ( c o n tin u e d )

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University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses

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Creator Gibbons, Billie Dwane (author)

Core Title A Study Of The Relationships Between Factors Found In Cattell'S Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire And Factors Found In The Guilford Personality Inventories

Degree Doctor of Philosophy

Degree Program Psychology

Publisher University of Southern California (original), University of Southern California. Libraries (digital)

Tag OAI-PMH Harvest,psychology, general

Language English

Contributor Digitized by ProQuest (provenance)

Advisor Guilford, Joy P. (committee chair), Borko, Harold (committee member), Carnes, Earl F. (committee member)

Permanent Link (DOI) https://doi.org/10.25549/usctheses-c18-191729

Unique identifier UC11359729

Identifier 6605481.pdf (filename),usctheses-c18-191729 (legacy record id)

Legacy Identifier 6605481.pdf

Dmrecord 191729

Document Type Dissertation

Rights Gibbons, Billie Dwane

Type texts

Source University of Southern California (contributing entity), University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses (collection)

Access Conditions The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the au...

Repository Name University of Southern California Digital Library

Repository Location USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA