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University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses
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A high school course in architecture
(USC Thesis Other)
A high school course in architecture
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A HIGH SCHOOL COURSE IN ARCHITECTURE A P r o j e e t P r e s e n t e d to t h e F a c u l t y o f t h e S c h o o l o f E d u c a tio n The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u th e r n C a l i f o r n i a I n P a r t i a l F u l f i l l m e n t o f t h e R e q u ire m e n ts f o r t h e D egree M a s te r o f S c ie n c e i n E d u c a tio n by Herman H en ry P r i c e A ugust 1950 > s - l P ? V s ' This project report, written under the direction of the candidate’s adviser and approved by him, has been presented to and accepted by the Faculty of the School of Education in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Education. Date... Adviser Dean ii PREFACE A c o u rs e i n h i g h s c h o o l a r c h i t e c t u r e w i l l l e a d few in d e e d t o t h e f i e l d o f a r c h i t e c t u r e . I t seem s w rong t h e n t o d e v o te t h e g r e a t e s t p a r t o f t h e c o u rs e to t h e s t u d y o f t h o s e i n t r i c a t e d e t a i l s w h ic h l e a d t o t h e a c q u i s i t i o n o f a l i c e n s e . On t h e o t h e r h a n d , t h e p e r c e n t a g e o f t w e l f t h g r a d e r s who w i l l be a im in g a t home o w n e rs h ip i s , and r i g h t l y s o , e x tr e m e ly h i g h . T h e r e f o r e , a c o u r s e i n a r c h i t e c t u r e b u i l t a ro u n d t h e s t u d e n t s f u t u r e home w ould seem to be m ore i n l i n e w i t h m odern p r o g r e s s i v e e d u c a ti o n th a n a c o u rs e i n w h ic h e a c h s t u d e n t l e a r n s , o r i s u rg e d t o l e a r n , a few o f t h e s t e p s n e c e s s a r y t o l a y o u t b l u e p r i n t s f o r a d e p a r tm e n t s t o r e , o r a s i s th e c a s e so many t im e s , l e a r n s o r i s u rg e d t o l e a r n t h e g r e a t o r d e r s and m eth o d s o f c o n s t r u c t i o n o f m any h u n d re d s o f y e a r s a g o . The u n i t s o f t h i s c o u rs e a r e b u i l t w i t h t h e s e th o u g h ts i n m ind an d t h e m a t t e r o f h i s t o r y i s u sed o n ly a s i t e f f e c t s t h e f u t u r e . T h is i s n o t t o s a y t h a t t h e r e i s no im p o rta n c e a t t a c h e d t o t h e h i s t o r y o f a r c h i t e c t u r e , b u t r a t h e r t h a t t h e t w e l f t h g r a d e i s n o t t h e i d e a l p l a c e f o r i t s e m p h a s is . The w r i t e r h a s o b s e rv e d i n h i s own s t u d e n t s o f a r c h i t e c t u r e , a g r e a t d e s i r e f o r i n s t r u c t i o n i n t h r e e a r e a s o f t h e s u b j e c t , a n d i t i s a ro u n d t h e s e t h r e e a r e a s t h a t t h i s c o u r s e i s c o n s t r u c t e d . T hese a r e a s a r e : (1 ) t h e iii c o n c e p tio n o f a h o u se s u i t e d f o r t h e p a r t i c u l a r s t u d e n t , (2) t h e m eth o d s o f b u i l d i n g th e h o u s e , an d ( 3 ) t h e a d m in is t r a t i o n t h e r e t o o f d e c o r a t i v e m a t e r i a l s . The a r e a o f f i n a n c i n g i s to u c h e d o n ly l i g h t l y due to i t s v e r y c h a n g e a b le n a t u r e . C o n s id e r in g o u r p r e s e n t l e g i s l a t i o n and JH& and v e t e r a n h o u s in g an d many o t h e r t h i n g s to o num erous t o m e n tio n , a m eth o d o u t l i n e d i n t h i s c o u r s e c o u ld v e r y l i k e l y be o b s o l e t e by t h e tim e t h e c o u r s e i s b ro u g h t to t h e c la s s r o o m . I t i s b e l i e v e d en o u g h , t h e r e f o r e , t o show t h e s t u d e n t t h e m o st e c o n o m ic a l m ethod o f a t t a i n i n g home o w n e rs h ip , w i t h t h e m a t t e r o f p a y in g f o r t h e h o u se b ro u g h t i n t o t h e c o u rs e i n l i g h t o f th e f i n a n c i n g m eth o d s o f t h e p a r t i c u l a r p e r i o d o f l e g a l r e g u l a t i o n s . The aim o f t h e c o u rs e t h e n , i s t o t e a c h t h e s t u d e n t t o d e s i g n , b u i l d and d e c o r a t e h i s own home w i t h th e m a jo r p o r t i o n c o n c e rn e d w i t h a c t u a l m eth o d s o f c o n s t r u c t i o n , a s t h i s a p p e a r s t o be t h e a r e a - o f g r e a t e s t c o n c e r n . I t i s assum ed t h a t th e s t u d e n t h a s a th o ro u g h k n o w led g e o f th e e le m e n ts o f d r a f t i n g . Heim an H. P r i c e iv TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE PART 1 . CREATION HOW TO DESIGN YOUR HOUSE 1 . HOW TO DESIGN THE FLOOR P L A N S .............................. 2 1 . How to l o c a t e t h e l i v i n g r o o m ........................................... 2 2 . How t o l o c a t e t h e k i t c h e n ..................................................... 3 3 . How t o l o c a t e t h e d i n i n g r o o m .......................................... 4 4 . How t o l o c a t e t h e b e d r o o m s ..................................................... 4 5 . How t o l o c a t e t h e b a t h r o o m ..................................................... 4 6 . How t o l o c a t e t h e u t i l i t y r o o m ........................................... 5 2 . HOW TO DESIGN THE ELEVATION PLANS..................................................10 1 . How t o d e s ig n t h e f r o n t e l e v a t i o n ...................................... 10 2. How t o d e s ig n t h e r e a r e l e v a t i o n ........................................... 11 3 . How t o d e s i g n th e s i d e e l e v a t i o n s .......................................11 4 . How to d e s ig n t h e c u t away o r ’S e c tio n * v ie w s . 11 5 . How t o d e s i g n th e n e c e s s a r y g a ra g e v ie w s . . . . 12 3 . HOW TO DESIGN THE FRAMING P L A N S .................................................... 16 1 . How t o d e s ig n t h e f l o o r f r a m i n g ........................................... 16 2 . How t o d e s i g n t h e w a ll f r a m i n g ................................................16 3 . How t o d e s i g n t h e c e i l i n g f r a m i n g ............................... 17 4 . How t o d e s i g n t h e r o o f f r a m i n g .................................................17 V CHAPTER PAGE A. HOW TO DESIGN THE FIREPLA C E............................. 26 1 . How t o d e s ig n t h e e l e v a t i o n v i e w s ...................................... 26 2 . How to d e s ig n t h e p la n v i e w s ................................................ 27 3 . How t o d e s i g n t h e s e c t i o n v i e w s ........................................... 27 5 . HOW TO DESIGN THE FOUNDATION PLANS............................................... 31 1 . How t o d e s i g n t h e f o o t i n g ...........................................................31 2 . How to d e s ig n t h e f o u n d a t i o n w a l l s .................................31 3 . How t o d e s ig n t h e p i e r s an d s u p p o r t s ............................32 4 . How t o d e s ig n t h e g a ra g e a n d / o r h o u se s l a b . , 32 6 . HOW TO DESIGN THE UTILITY PLANS.......................................................37 1 . How to d e s i g n t h e p lu m b in g s y s t e m ......................... . 37 2 . How t o d e s i g n t h e w i r i n g s y s t e m ...........................................38 3 . How t o d e s i g n t h e h e a t i n g s y s t e m ......................................3^ PART 2 . ERECTION HOW TO BUILD YOUR HOUSE 7 . HOW TO LAY THE FOUNDATION..................................................................... 45 1 . How t o c l e a r t h e l a n d ......................................................................45 2 . How t o l a y o u t t h e b u i l d i n g s .................................................45 3 . How to p e rf o r m t h e n e c e s s a r y e x c a v a t io n . . . . 46 4 . How t o p o u r t h e c o n c r e t e f o o t i n g .......................................46 5 . How to p o u r t h e f o u n d a tio n w a l l s .......................................48 6 . How to i n s e r t th e a n c h o r b o l t s ............................................49 vi CHAPTER PAGE 7 . How t o s e t t h e g i r d e r .................................... 49 8 . How t o l a y s l a b - f l o o r i n g ...........................................................49 8 . ' HOW TO ERECT THE FRAMEWORK................................................................54 1 . How t o f a s t e n th e s i l l t o t h e f o u n d a tio n . . . 54 2 . How to i n s e r t f l o o r j o i s t s ...........................................................54 3 . How to l a y t h e s u b - f l o o r i n g ......................................................55 4 . How t o i n s t a l l t h e w a l l f r a m i n g ............................................55 9 . HOW TO BUILD THE R Q Q E ............................................................................... 59 1 . How t o fram e t h e r o o f .............................................................. 59 2 . How t o a p p ly r o o f b o a r d s ...........................................................60 3 . How t o i n s t a l l a s p h a l t s h i n g l e s ............................................60 4 . How t o a t t a c h wood s h i n g l e s ......................................................6 l 5 . How t o a p p ly a s b e s t o s s h i n g l e s ........................................... 6 l 1 0 . HOW TO PLIMB YOUR H O U SE ............................................................. . 65 1 . How t o buy t h e c o r r e c t ty p e o f p i p e ................................. 65 2 . How t o cut. p ip e and t u b i n g ......................................................65 3. How to make s o l d e r j o i n t s .................................... 66 4 . How to make f l a r e j o i n t s .......................................................... 66 5 . How t o i n s t a l l t h e w a t e r t a n k ................................................ 66 6 . How t o make th e se w e r . . ..........................................................66 7 . How t o b u i l d t h e n e c e s s a r y w e l l s ...................................... 67 vii CHAPTER PAGE 1 1 . HOW TO APPLY THE EXTERIOR SIDING....................................................70 1 . How t o a p p ly s h e a t h i n g ................................................................70 2 . How t o i n s t a l l i n s u l a t i o n .......................................................... 70 3. ' How to a p p ly wood o u t s i d e c o v e r i n g .................................71 4 . How t o a p p ly s t u c c o w a l l c o v e r i n g ................................. 72' 1 2 . HOW TO BUILD THE F IR E P L A C E .............................................................. 75 1 . How t o l a y o u t t h e b a s e .............................................................. 75 2. How t o i n s t a l l t h e a s h p i t d o o r ..........................................75 3.- How t o b u i l d t h e chim ney w a l l .................................................75 4 . How to l i n e th e f l u e .....................................................................76 5. How t o cap t h e c h i m n e y ................................................................ 76 6 . How to b u i l d t h e h e a r t h ................................................................76 1 3 . HOW TO INSTALL WINDOWS AND DOORS. .............................................80 1 . How t o a sse m b le window f r a m e s .................................................80 2 . How t o s e a l t h e j o i n t s a g a i n s t t h e w e a th e r , t 81 3 . How t o f i x window fra m e s i n o p e n i n g ................................. 81 4 . How t o i n s t a l l t h e window s a s h .....................................81 5 . How t o i n s t a l l t h e d o o r s i l l ...............................................82 6 . How t o i n s t a l l t h e d o o r f r a m e ...............................................82 1 4 . H OW TO INSTALL THE W IR IN G ....................................................................86 1 . How t o i n s t a l l t h e r i g i d c o n d u i t ...................................... 86 2 . How t o a p p ly arm ored c a b l e ..................................................... 87 viii CHAPTER PAGE 3. How t o i n s t a l l n o n m e t a l l i c c a b l e .........................88 4 . How t o o b t a i n t h e c o r r e c t w ire s i z e ....................88 5 . How t o a t t a c h e n t r a n c e w i r e s t o t h e h o u se . . . 89 6 . How t o p l a c e m e t e r s ............................................................ 90 7 . How t o i n s t a l l o u t l e t b o x e s . . . . . 90 8 . How to a t t a c h s w i t c h e s ................................................................91 1 5 . HOW TO INSTALL THE HEATING SYSTEM ................................................94 1 . How t o s e t up a warm a i r f u r n a c e ........................... . . 94 2 . How t o i n s t a l l a g r a v i t y warm a i r sy ste m . . . 94 3 . How t o i n s t a l l a f o r c e d warm a i r sy ste m . . . . 95 4 . How t o p u t i n r a d i a n t h e a t i n g ...................................95 1 6 . HOW TO APPLY INTERIOR WALL F I N I S H .................................... . 99 1 . How t o i n s t a l l t h e p l a s t e r b a s e ..............................99 2 . How t o p l a s t e r t h e w a l l s an d c e i l i n g s .............100 3 . How t o a p p ly d ry w a l l m a t e r i a l s ............................ 101 1 7 . HOW TO BUILD THE S T A I R S ....................................................................... 104 1 . How t o b u i l d th e l a n d i n g s ............................................104 2 . How t o make t h e s t r i n g e r s ...........................................104 3 . How t o make t h e t r e a d s ................................................ 1 04 4* How t o c u t t h e r i s e r s ..................................... 105 5 . How t o b r a c e t h e s t a i r s .................................................105 ix CHAPTER PAGE 1 8 . HOW TO BUILD FIXED FURNITURE............................................................. 108 1 . How t o make k i t c h e n c a b i n e t s . . .. . . . . . 108 2 . How to b u i l d k i t c h e n w ork t a b l e s ...................................109 3 . How to b u i l d bedroom c l o s e t s .............................................109 4 . How t o make b u i l t - i n b o o k c a s e s .......................................I l l 1 9 . HOW TO INSTALL THE T R I M ........................................................................116 1 . How t o i n s t a l l d o o r j a m b s .......................................................116 2 . How to i n s t a l l d o o r c a s i n g s .............................................117 3 . How t o i n s t a l l window t r i m s ..................................................117 4 . How to i n s t a l l b a s e b o a r d s .......................................................118 2 0 . HOW TO LAY THE FLOORING......................................................................121 1 . How t o l a y wood f l o o r i n g ............................................. . . 121 2 . How t o l a y l i n o l e u m ......................................................................122 3 . How to l a y a s p h a l t t i l e ........................................124 PART 3 . BEAUTIFICATION HOW TO HE CORATE YOUR HOUSE 2 1 . HOW TO PAINT YOUR H O U S E .......................................................................128 1 . How t o o b t a i n t h e c o r r e c t b r u s h ........................................128 2 . How t o a p p ly e x t e r i o r p r i m e r ............................................ 128 3 . How to a p p ly t o p e x t e r i o r c o a t s ............................... . 129 4 . How t o s t a i n t h e w o o d w o r k .......................................................129 5 . How t o p a i n t s t u c c o ........................ 130 CHAPTER PAGE 6 . How t o a p p ly i n t e r i o r p a i n t ....................................... . . 130 2 2 . HOW TO PAPER THE W A L L S . 134 1 . How t o c u t t h e w a l l p a p e r .......................................................... 134 2 . How t o a p p ly t h e p a s t e ............................................ 134 3 . How t o a p p ly t h e p a p e r t o th e w a l l ................................135 2 3 . HOW TO APPLY THE 1 FIN ISH 1 M A TERIA IS............................................... 139 1 . How t o a p p ly i n l a i d w o o d w o r k .............................................139 2 . How t o a p p ly g l a s s b lo c k s ....................................... 139 3 . How t o a p p ly k i t c h e n a n d b a th ro o m t i l e b o a r d . . 140 4 . How to a p p ly p l a s t i c t i l e .......................................................140 3 . How t o a p p ly m e ta l t i l e ............................................................141 RESERVE SHELF............................................................................................................... 143 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1 . FRAMING BRACE................................................................................................. 18 2 . CORNER P O S T ................................................................. 19 3. ROOF F R A M IN G ................................................................................................. 20 4 . ROOF R A FTE R ...................................................................................................... 22 5 . FIR EPLA C E............................................................................................................29 6 . SLAB F L O O R ................................................................................ 34 7 . PLUMBING SYSTEM ............................................................................................ 39 8 . WIRING PICTO RA L............................................................................................40 9 . RADIANT HEATING S Y S T E M ....................................................................... 41 1 0 . BATTER BOARD SET U P ..................................................................................47 1 1 . HEARTH CONSTRUCTION.................................................................. . . 77 1 2 . KITCHEN W ORK TABLE AND C A B I N E T ................................................ 110 1 3 . HARDWOOD FLOOR CONSTRUCTION...........................................................123 1 4 . FOLDED WALLPAPER ................................................................................. 136 PART 1. CREATION To h a v e a hous'e you do n o t s im p ly s t a r t t o b u i l d . You m u st f i r s t c r e a t e t h e h o u se i n y o u r m in d , a n d t h i s c r e a t i o n l e a d s t o t h e d e s i g n i n g o f t h e h o u s e on p a p e r . T h is c r e a t i o n i s b a s e d on many t h i n g s , su c h a s y o u r l i f e o c c u p a ti o n , t h e p l a c e w h ere y o u w is h t o l i v e , t h e s i z e o f y o u r p r o p o s e d f a m i ly and t h e many b u i l d i n g r e g u l a t i o n s i n y o u r a r e a . T h ese t h i n g s an d many more we w i l l t a k e up i n p a r t 1 o f o u r c o u r s e . A t t h e c o n c lu s io n o f p a r t 1 o f t h i s c o u r s e you w i l l h a v e a c o m p le te s e t o f b l u e p r i n t e d p l a n s f o r y o u r h o u se s CHAPTER 1 HOW TO DESIGN THE FLOOR PLANS A. MOTIVATION: R ew ards t h a t come fro m good f l o o r p l a n s . 1 . LOWER HEATING COSTS: By l o c a t i n g rooms t o m ake t h e g r e a t e s t p o s s i b l e u se o f t h e s u n . 2 . COMFORTABLE LIVING: From a r r a n g i n g t h e rooms o f y o u r h o u s e t o t a k e a d v a n ta g e o f w in d s , b r e e z e s and su c h c o n d i t i o n s a s t h e w e a th e r may b r i n g to y o u r l o c a t i o n . 3 . FREEDOM FROM LEGAL ENTANGLEMENTS: By d ra w in g y o u r p l a n s so a s t o co n fo rm w i t h t h e l o c a l b u i l d i n g code 4 . PLEASURABLE HOUSEWORK: A r r a n g in g t h e room s f o r th e g r e a t e s t am ount o f c o n v e n ie n c e and s t e p s a v in g m akes h o u se w o rk a c t u a l l y a p l e a s u r e . 5 . REDUCED LABOR IN BUILDING: A good s e t o f f l o o r p l a n s m akes b u i l d i n g r u n s m o o th ly . B. DIRECTIONS: H e l p f u l h i n t s i n l o c a t i n g t h e v a r i o u s room s o f y o u r h o u s e . 1 . How t o l o c a t e th e l i v i n g room . a . Draw t h e l i v i n g room f a c i n g s o u t h . (1 ) D u rin g t h e summer t h e su n i s h ig h i n t h e sk y and th e l i v i n g room w i l l be a lm o s t d i r e c t l y u n d e rn e a th a t a l l t im e s . (2 ) D u rin g t h e w i n t e r t h e su n i s low i n t h e sk y a n d t h e l i v i n g room g e t s t h e d i r e c t warm, sun r a y s . (3 ) Some com prom ise may h a v e t o be made when t h e v ie w i s a f a c t o r . P l a c e t h e l i v i n g room so t h a t i t o p e n s i n t o a n e n t r a n c e h a l l o r m ain h a ll w a y . C o n s t r u c t t h e l i v i n g room r e c t a n g u l a r i n s h a p e . D im en sio n t h e room a c c o r d i n g t o y o u r n e e d s . (A room o f 14* x 2 0 ’ i s a b o u t a v e r a g e . ) Draw t h e l i v i n g room so t h a t i t i s r e a d i l y a c c e s s i b l e t o th e d i n n in g a r e a , t o l o c a t e t h e k i t c h e n . L o c a te t h e k i t c h e n i n a c o r n e r o f y o u r h o u s e . (1 ) T h is g i v e s two w a l l s f o r l i g h t i n g . (2 ) C ro s s v e n t i l a t i o n i s o b t a i n e d i n t h i s m a n n e r. D e sig n t h e room i n a - r e c t a n g u l a r fo rm . (1 ) Y our e q u ip m en t w i l l d e te r m in e i n some m anner t h e d im e n s io n . (2 ) G e n e r a ll y s p e a k in g t h e k i t c h e n s h o u ld h a v e a b o u t 93 s q u a r e f e e t f o r t h e a v e ra g e s i x o r s e v e n room h o u s e . L o c a te t h e room so t h a t i t s e x p o s u re i s n o r t h e a s t o r n o r t h w e s t i s p o s s i b l e . d . A rra n g e t h e room so t h a t t h e b r e e z e o r p r e v a i l in g w in d i s u s e d i n t h e summer, an d t h e s u n s h in e i n t h e w i n t e r . e . D e sig n a s l i t t l e d o o r s p a c e a s p o s s i b l e . How t o l o c a t e t h e d i n i n g room . a . D e s ig n t h e s i z e a c c o r d in g t o y o u r n e e d s . b . Draw t h e d in in g room i n a r e c t a n g u l a r s h a p e . c . A rra n g e a s o u t h e r n o r s o u t h e a s t e r n e x p o s u re i f p o s s i b l e . d . D im ension t h e room s i z e i n t h e p r o p o r t i o n o f a b o u t 11 X 1 4 . (T h is i s n o t an a b s o l u t e t h i n g , b u t k e e p t h e room d im e n s io n s c l o s e . ) e . L o c a te t h e d i n i n g room a d j a c e n t t o t h e k i t c h e n . How t o l o c a t e t h e b e d ro o m s. a . D e sig n t h e s i z e a n d num ber o f b edro om s, a c c o r d in g t o y o u r f a m ily n e e d s . b. Draw one bedroom l a r g e r th a n t h e o t h e r s t o s e r v e a s a m a s te r bedroom . c . L o c a te t h e g u e s t bedroom , i f you h a v e o n e , t o h a v e t h e b e s t v ie w . d . D e sig n t h e room s a b o u t 140 t o 180 s q u a re f e e t . How t o l o c a t e t h e b a th ro o m . a . D e sig n t h e room so t h a t i t o p e n s o f f a h a llw a y . b . Draw no room w ith d i r e c t c o n n e c ti o n . c . L o c a te t h e b a th ro o m on t h e same f l o o r a s t h e bedro om s. d . D e sig n t h e e x p o s u re to s u i t t h e g e n e r a l d e s i g n o f t h e h o u s e . (T h is room, d o e s n o t u se an y o f t h e s o l a r h e a t i n g o r c o o li n g m e th o d s so i t s e x a c t l o c a t i o n i s n o t i m p o r t a n t . ) How to l o c a t e t h e u t i l i t y room s. a . D e s ig n s t o r a g e room s, o r u t i l i t y room a t any p l a c e to co n fo rm w i t h t h e g e n e r a l d e s i g n o f t h e b u i l d i n g . b. Draw a d e n , i f you h a v e o n e , a t su c h a p l a c e t h a t i t can ta k e a d v a n ta g e o f a l l t h e su n and b r e e z e s . W here t o go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . a . R e s e rv e S h e l f ( L i s t e d i n f u l l a t t h e end o f t h i s p r o j e c t and c i t e d h e r e by code n u m b ers t o s a v e s p a c e ) : 1 :1- 2 3; 5:36-47; 6:11, 16, 2 5 i 7 6 -1 2 6 ; 7 : e n t i r e book; 8 : e n t i r e book; 9 : 1 - 4 0 ; 1 0 ; 1 1 ; 1 2 : 1 - 9 3 ; 1 3 :4 2 - 8 0 ; 1 5 :2 0 2 - 211 ; 1 8 :1 4 - 1 5 , 2 0 -2 1 ; 2 0 :5 0 - 5 3 ; 2 1 :6 2 -1 2 5 ; 2 2 :8 3 - 1 0 0 , 2 9 7 -3 1 1 ; 2 3 :2 3 - 2 5 , 34, 5 4 -8 2 ; 24: 1 9 0 -2 3 5 ; 2 5 :3 2 9 -4 0 4 . b . O b s e rv in g v i s i t s t o t h e h o u s e s o f f r i e n d s and n e i g h b o r s . c . Any m a g a z in e on a r c h i t e c t u r e . C. ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS: Laboratory work in floor plan d e s i g n i n g . 1 . D e sig n t h e f l o o r p l a n s f o r y o u r h o u se on a n o r t h e a s t c o r n e r l o t . 2 . D e sig n t h e f l o o r p l a n s f o r y o u r h o u se on a n o r t h w e s t c o r n e r l o t . 3 . D e sig n th e f l o o r p l a n s f o r y o u r h o u se on a s o u t h e a s t c o r n e r l o t . 4 . D e s ig n t h e f l o o r p l a n s f o r y o u r h o u se on a s o u t h w e s t c o r n e r l o t . $ . D e sig n t h e f l o o r p l a n s f o r y o u r h o u se a ssu m in g a m id d le o f t h e b lo c k l o t f a c i n g i n an y d i r e c t i o n . D. EVALUATION: Sam ple e v a l u a t i o n i n s t r u m e n t s f o r p o s s i b l e u s e i n c h e c k in g f l o o r p l a n d e s i g n i n g . 1 . TRUE-FALSE: P l a c e an X i n t h e c o r r e c t s p a c e f o r t r u e o r f a l s e . T F a . ( ) ( ) I t i s b e s t t o l o c a t e t h e d i n i n g room f a c i n g s o u t h . b . ( ) ( ) The f r o n t d o o r s h o u ld open d i r e c t l y i n t o t h e l i v i n g room . c . ( ) ( ) Y our d i n i n g room s h o u ld be a b o u t 2 4 ’ X 34*. d . C ) ( ) The d i n i n g room s h o u ld be l o c a t e d so t h a t i t i s n e x t to t h e k i t c h e n , e . ( ) ( ) Window s p a c e i n t h e k i t c h e n s h o u ld be on one s i d e o n l y . f . ( ) ( ) The k i t c h e n s h o u ld be r e c t a n g u l a r i n s t r u c t u r e . g . ( ) C ) L o c a te t h e k i t c h e n so t h a t i t s e x p o s u re i s s o u th i f p o s s i b l e . h . ( ) ( } The s i z e o f y o u r e x p e c te d f a m i l y s h o u ld d e te r m in e t h e num ber o f bedroom s i n y o u r h o u s e . i . £ ) ( ) I t i s b e s t t o l o c a t e t h e k i t c h e n n e x t t o t h e l i v i n g room i f p o s s i b l e , j . ( ) ( ) A l l t h e bedroom s s h o u ld be draw n t h e same s i z e . BEST ANSWER: P l a c e t h e num ber o f t h e c o r r e c t a n sw e r i n t h e p a r e n t h e s e s . a . ( ) When d e s i g n i n g t h e b a th ro o m you s h o u ld : (1 ) L o c a te i t j u s t o f f t h e m a s t e r bedroom w i t h an e n t r a n c e . (2 ) P u t i t i n a c o r n e r o f t h e h o u s e . (3 ) L o c a te i t o n ly on t h e e a s t s i d e . (4 ) P l a c e i t so t h a t i t i s a c c e s s i b l e from a h a l l w ay . (50 L o c a te i t b etw een t h e l i v i n g room a n d d i n i n g room . b . ( ) When p l a c i n g t h e u t i l i t y room you s h o u ld : (1 ) L o c a te i t i n one c o r n e r o f y o u r h o u s e . (2 ) P u t i t a n y p la c e i t can be w orked i n . (3 ) Draw i t o n ly w i t h s o u t h e r n e x p o s u r e . (4 ) D e sig n i t so t h a t i t h a s c r o s s v e n t i l a t i o n . (5 ) L o c a te i t on t h e se c o n d f l o o r . c . ( ) When d e s i g n i n g y o u r l i v i n g room i t i s b e s t t o : (1 ) D e sig n i t i n a r e c t a n g u l a r fo rm . (2 ) Draw i t i n t h e sh a p e o f a s q u a r e . (3 ) Make i t i n t h e sh a p e o f an L . (4) D e sig n c u rv e d w a l l s . (5 ) Make i t a n y sh a p e d e p e n d in g on w h a t s p a c e i s l e f t o v e r . d . ( ) When d e s i g n in g y o u r bedroom s you s h o u ld : (1 ) D e sig n a s many bedroom s a s y ou h a v e t h e money t o b u i l d . (2) Draw two bed ro o m s. (3 ) D e s ig n a s many bedroom s a s b a th ro o m s . (4) D e c id e t h e num ber o f bedroom s n e e d e d a c c o r d i n g to y o u r p r o p o s e d f a m i l y . (5) D e cid e t h e num ber o f bedroom s a c c o r d in g t o t h e a d v ic e o f a u t h o r i t i e s on t h e s u b - t j e c t . RATING- SCALE: P l a c e an X i n t h e s p a c e s a c c o r d in g t o y o u r p r e s e n t a c c o m p lis h m e n t. a . ( } Drawn a l l f l o o r p l a n s c o m p le te . b . ( ) D e sig n e d y o u r l i v i n g f a c i n g s o u t h . c . ( ) L o c a te d y o u r k i t c h e n i n one c o r n e r o f th e h o u s e . D e sig n e d y o u r room s r e c t a n g u l a r i n s h a p e . P la c e d t h e b a th ro o m w i t h a n o p e n in g t o a h a l l w a y . D e sig n e d one m a s te r bedroom . G iv en y o u r bedroom s i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f 140 t o 180 s q u a r e f e e t . D e s ig n e d y o u r d i n i n g room so t h a t i t i s r e a d i l y a c c e s s i b l e t o t h e k i t c h e n . Drawn t h e b a th ro o m a s c l o s e to t h e bed room s a s p o s s i b l e . L o c a te d t h e u t i l i t y room g i v in g p r i o r i t y t o a l l t h e o t h e r ro o m s. 10 CHAPTER 2 HOW TO DESIGN THE ELEVATION PLANS A. MOTIVATION: A d v a n ta g e s o f good e l e v a t i o n p l a n s . 1 . BETTER LIGHTING: T hrough, s k i l l f u l p la c e m e n t o f w in d o w s. 2 . EASIER ROOM ADDITIONS: As t h e f a m i l y grow s you may n e e d t o add a bedroom . 3 . EARLIER BUILDING DATE: The b u i l d i n g co m m issio n w i l l *0K* a good s e t o f p l a n s q u i c k l y . 4 . INCENTIVE TO BUILD: A v iew o f t h e en d m akes t h e b e g in n in g seem e a s y . B. DIRECTIONS: S u g g e s t i o n s t o h e l p you d e s i g n t h e p la n v ie w s f o r y o u r h o u s e . 1 . How t o d e s i g n t h e f r o n t e l e v a t i o n . a . Draw i n t h e s t o r y h e i g h t o r h e i g h t s . (1 ) C o n s u lt y o u r b u i l d i n g code f o r minimum a ll o w a b le d i s t a n c e s . (2 ) In k i n t h e f l o o r l i n e fro m t h e b e g in n i n g . b . Draw i n t h e g r a d e l i n e . c . Draw i n t h e c e n t e r l i n e f o r w in d o w s. d . Lay o u t t h e c o r n e r s o f t h e h o u s e . e . Draw t h e f r o n t d o o r on t h e p l a n . (1 ) I t i s n o t n e c e s s a r y t o go t o a n y g r e a t l e n g t h h e r e i n d e s i g n in g t h e d o o r , s im p ly u s e o v e r a l l d im e n s io n s . (2 ) C o n s u lt y o u r f l o o r p l a n s and make c e r t a i n th e f r o n t d o o r e n t e r s i n t o th e c o r r e c t room . f . Draw f i n i s h sy m b o l-o n t h e w a l l i f d e s i r e d . ( S in c e you a r e g o in g t o b u i l d t h e h o u s e i t i s n o t e s s e n t i a l . ) g . Draw n e c e s s a r y s e c t i o n s t o t h e s i d e . How t o d e s i g n t h e r e a r e l e v a t i o n . a . Draw i n t h e h e i g h t o r h e i g h t s o f t h e f l o o r l e v e l s b . Draw th e g r a d e l i n e . c . Draw, u s in g t e c h n iq u e u s e d i n t h e f r o n t e l e v a t i o n How t o d e s i g n t h e s i d e e l e v a t i o n s . a . D e sig n b o th s i d e e l e v a t i o n s . (A r i g h t s i d e and a l e f t s i d e from t h e f r o n t . ) b . L o c a te w in d o w s. ( C o n s u lt th e f l o o r p l a n . ) c . Draw i n t h e g r a d e l i n e . d . In k i n t h e f l o o r l i n e . e . Draw o n ly t h e o u t s i d e v i e w s . (Do n o t i n c l u d e i n t e r i o r p a r t i t i o n s .) f . A p p ly t h e s i d i n g sy m b o l. (A s m a ll p a t c h w i l l d o .) How t o d e s i g n t h e c u t away o r S e c t i o n * v ie w s . a . Draw a t l e a s t one s e c t i o n v iew lo o k in g i n b o th t h e f r o n t and s i d e . 12 b . I n c l u d e i n t h e v ie w s t h e f o u n d a t i o n w a l l s an d f o o t i n g . c . In k i n t h e f l o o r l i n e . d . Draw i n t h e g r a d e l i n e . (O nly fro m t h e fo u n d a t i o n w a l l o u t w a r d . ) e . Draw i n t h e sy m b o ls i f d e s i r e d . ( T h is a p p l i e s i n p a r t i c u l a r t o t h e f o u n d a t i o n . ) 5 , How t o d e s i g n t h e n e c e s s a r y g a r a g e v ie w s . a . D e sig n no f l o o r p l a n s i n c e i t i s t o be a s l a b i n a l l c a s e s . b. D e sig n enough s p a c e f o r w o rk in g i f you i n t e n d t o u se i t a s a w o rk sh o p . c . Draw two e l e v a t i o n s . (More i f d e s i r e d b u t two i s s u f f i c i e n t . ) d . Draw, u s i n g same te c h n iq u e a s yo u d id w i t h th e h o u se p l a n s . e . D e sig n a minimum o f 1 0 ’ x 18* f o r a s i n g l e c a r g a r a g e . ( S i n g l e c a r g a r a g e s a r e d e f i n i t e l y n o t recom m ended.) f . D e sig n a minimum o f 2 0 ’ x 2 2 |* f o r a two c a r g a r a g e . g . Draw sy m b o ls on p l a n i f d e s i r e d . 6 . W here t o go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . a . R e s e rv e S h e l f : 5 :4 8 - 7 8 ; 6 :7 6 - 1 2 6 ; 1 6 :1 2 1 - 1 2 4 ; 1 7 :7 3 - 7 5 ; 1 8 :2 2 - 3 7 , 1 3 8 ; 1 9 :8 0 - 9 4 ; 2 0 :2 4 - 3 0 , 13 5 0 -5 3 ; 2 2 :2 4 5 , 3 2 1 -3 4 6 , 5 0 1 ; 2 3 :2 6 - 2 9 ; 24: 2 3 5 -2 4 9 . C. ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS: - P r o je c ts I n e l e v a t i o n p l a n d e s i g n i n g . 1 . D e sig n a c o m p le te s e t o f e l e v a t i o n p l a n s f o r y o u r h o u s e . 2 . D e sig n a c o m p le te s e t o f e l e v a t i o n p l a n s f o r t h e c l a s s p r o j e c t h o u s e . D. EVALUATION: S a m p le s o f e v a l u a t i o n i n s t r u m e n t s t h a t may be u se d i n r e l a t i o n t o y o u r d e s i g n in g e l e v a t i o n p l a n s . 1 . TRUE-FALSE: P l a c e an X i n t h e c o r r e c t s p a c e f o r t r u e o r f a l s e . T F a . ( ) { ) When d ra w in g e l e v a t i o n p l a n s i t i s a d v i s a b l e t o i n k i n t h e f l o o r l i n e . b . ( ) ( ) Windows s h o u ld h a v e a c e n t e r l i n e draw n th r o u g h th em . c . ( ) ( ) A c o m p le te s e t o f p l a n s i n c l u d e s two e l e v a t i o n v ie w s . d . ()(,*) The r e a r e l e v a t i o n p la n i s an u n n e c e s s a r y d ra w in g . e . ( ) ( ) P a r t i t i o n s s h o u ld be i n c l u d e d i n t h e s i d e v ie w s o n l y , f . ( ) C ) S i d i n g sy m b o ls a r e a b s o l u t e l y n e c e s s a r y , g . ( } ( ) I t i s good p r a c t i c e t o show o n ly a s m a ll p o r t i o n o f t h e sym bol when y o u u s e sy m b o ls. h . ( } ( ) Two s e c t i o n v ie w s a re n e c e s s a r y w i t h a c o m p le te s e t o f p l a n s . BEST ANSWER: P l a c e t h e num ber o f t h e c o r r e c t a n sw e r i n t h e p a r e n t h e s e s . a . ( ) When d ra w in g i n t h e h e i g h t o f y o u r f i r s t s t o r y y o u s h o u l d : (1) Make i t a s h ig h a s y o u r h e a d p l u s two f e e t . (2 ) U se y o u r b e s t ju d g m e n t. (3 ) A sk p e o p le who own h o u s e s . (4 ) C o n s u lt y o u r l o c a l b u i l d i n g c o d e . (5 ) Draw a l l c e i l i n g s t e n f e e t h i g h . b . ( } When d e s i g n i n g y o u r g a r a g e y o u s h o u ld : {1} Draw t h e f o u r e l e v a t i o n s . (2 ) Draw two e l e v a t i o n s . (3 ) Draw f o u r e l e v a t i o n s p l u s two s e c t i o n s . (4 ) Draw two e l e v a t i o n s p l u s two s e c t i o n s . (5 ) Draw s e c t i o n s o n ly , RATING SCALE: P l a c e an X i n t h e s p a c e s t h a t y o u h a v e c o m p le te d . a . ( ) D e sig n e d a c o m p le te s e t o f e l e v a t i o n p l a n s . b . ( ) I n k e d i n a l l f l o o r l i n e s . c . ( ) Drawn i n a l l g ra d e l i n e s . d . ( ) D e sig n e d a c c o r d in g t o t h e l o c a l b u i l d i n g c o d e . 15 e . ( ) P u t c e n t e r l i n e s t h r o u g h t h e w indow s. f . ( ) I n c lu d e d f o u n d a t i o n i n s e c t i o n s . g . ( ) C o n s u lte d f l o o r p l a n s f o r e x a c t n e s s . 16 CHAPTER 3 HOW TO DESIGN THE FRAMING PLANS A. MOTIVATION: B e n e f i t s t h a t a c c r u e fro m s k i l l f u l l y draw n fra m in g p l a n s . 1 . REDUCED LIKELIHOOD OF DISASTER: W e ll d e s ig n e d fr a m in g m e e ts f i r e and e a r th q u a k e c h a l l e n g e . 2 . ADAPTABILITY: Good d e s i g n in g m eans a d d - o n s ' a r e s im p le . 3 . STURDY HOUSE: The f ra m in g d e s i g n d e te r m i n e s t h e d e g re e o f s t u r d i n e s s . B. DIRECTIONS: Some p o i n t e r s i n t h e d e s i g n i n g o f f ra m in g p l a n s , 1 . How t o d e s i g n t h e f l o o r f r a m in g . a . Draw t h e e x a c t num ber o f t im b e r s t o be u s e d . b. Draw t h e f r a m in g a t a £** e q u a l 1* s c a l e . c . D e sig n 2 ” X 6 " f l o o r j o i s t s f o r s i n g l e s t o r y h o u s e . d . D e sig n 2 ” X 8 " f l o o r j o i s t s f o r tw o s t o r y h o u s e . e . Draw t h e j o i s t s 1 6 ” on c e n t e r , ( A lig n t h e j o i s t s w i t h t h e f ra m in g w h ere p o s s i b l e . ) f . D e sig n s p l i c e s so t h a t t h e y o c c u r o v e r a g i r d e r . g . Draw t h e p l a n s w i t h t h e b u i l d i n g code a t h a n d . 2 . How t o d e s i g n t h e w a l l f r a m in g . a . D e s ig n s t u d d i n g 1 6 ” a p a r t on c e n t e r . b . Draw b r a c i n g a c c o r d i n g t o t h e b u i l d i n g code o f y o u r a r e a . (S in k b r a c e s f l u s h w i t h s t u d s a s shown i n F i g u r e 1 . ) c . D e sig n c o r n e r p o s t u s in g t h r e e 2 I 4 s . (S e e F i g u r e 2 .) d . Draw d o u b le s t u d d i n g a ro u n d a l l o p e n in g s . e . Draw f i r e s t o p s r e g a r d l e s s o f b u i l d i n g c o d e s . f . Draw d o u b le c ap o f 2 X 4 s . Hovtf t o d e s i g n t h e c e i l i n g f r a m in g . a . Draw c e i l i n g j o i s t s o f 2 X 6 . (T h e re a r e c a s e s w here 2 X 4 s w i l l do b u t c o n s u l t t h e b u i l d i n g c o d e . ) b . D e sig n t h e j o i s t s so t h a t t h e y come f l u s h w i t h t h e r o o f r a f t e r s and t h e o u t s i d e s t u d d i n g . (S ee F i g u r e 3*) c . D e s ig n t h e j o i s t s f a s t e n e d t o t h e r o o f r a f t e r s a n d t h e c a p . d . Draw a l l s p l i c e s o v e r p a r t i t i o n s . e . Draw c r o s s b r i d g i n g a c c o r d i n g t o t h e b u i l d i n g c o d e . f . L o c a te j o i s t s o n e s t u d w id t h o f f t h e w a l l s t u d d i n g . How t o d e s ig n t h e r o o f f r a m i n g . a . D e sig n r a f t e r s l e n g t h g i v i n g o v e rh a n g . b . Draw r a f t e r s d i r e c t l y o v e r w a l l s t u d d i n g . F/GUFE /. FRAMING BRACE 19 icP t FIGURE' 2. CORNER P O ST F/GURE 3 . . ROOF FRAMING 21 c . D e s ig n t h e r a f t e r s so t h a t t h e y a r e f a s t e n e d t o t h e cap by u s i n g a n o t c h i f you w ant o v e r hang* (S ee F ig u r e 4 . ) d . D e sig n r o o f r i s e t o co n fo rm w i t h t h e a r e a i n w h ic h you l i v e a n d y o u r p e r s o n a l t a s t e . (1) F l a t , o r a lm o s t f l a t , r o o f s a r e a l r i g h t i n a r e a s w h ere t h e r e i s no h e av y snow s. (a ) T h is r e q u i r e s h eav y r o o f g i r d e r s o r j o i s t s . (2) A t h i r t y d e g re e g a b le r o o f i s a b o u t t h e c h o ic e , o f t h e m a s s e s . e . Draw r a f t e r s o f 2 X 6 u n l e s s b u i l d i n g code d i r e c t s o t h e r w i s e . f . D e sig n r a f t e r s t o a t t a c h t o c e i l i n g j o i s t s and th e p l a t e . g . D e sig n d o u b le r a f t e r s a ro u n d a l l o p e n in g s . 5 . W here t o go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . a . R e s e rv e S h e l f : 2 : 6 5 , 2 3 4 , 2 3 5 , 241, 2 4 5 , 247, 2 4 8 -2 5 1 ; 6 : 3 5 ; 1 1 ; 1 4 :7 2 2 - 7 2 3 ; 1 5 :2 0 ; IB : 1 6 -1 9 ; 2 2 :2 2 8 - 2 2 9 , 50 6; 2 3 :8 3 - 1 4 4 , 3 0 0 - 3 2 1 ; 2 4 :4 9 - 6 3 , 7 7 - 8 2 , 2 5 7 . G. ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS: P r o j e c t s i n d e s i g n in g r o o f f r a m e s . 1 . D e sig n t h e r o o f fr a m in g f o r y o u r h o u s e . F/GURE 4. ROOF RAFTER 2 . D e sig n a r o o f fra m in g d ra w in g f o r t h e c l a s s p r o j e c t h o u s e . D. EVALUATION: S am p les o f e v a l u a t i o n i n s t r u m e n t s t h a t may be em ployed r e g a r d i n g y o u r d e s i g n i n g r o o f f r a m i n g . 1 . TRUE-FALSE: P l a c e an X i n t h e c o r r e c t sp a c e f o r t r u e o r f a l s e . T F a . ( ) ( ) A l l s tu d d i n g s h o u ld be 2 X 8 s . b . ( ) C ) F l o o r j o i s t s s h o u ld n e v e r be m ore t h a n one f o o t a p a r t . c . ( ) C ) A s c a l e o f e q u a l 1* i s s a t i s f a c t o r y . d . ( ) ( ) M ost b u i l d i n g c o d e s r e q u i r e f l o o r j o i s t s t o be 1 8 " a p a r t . e . { ) ( ) F ra m in g p l a n s s h o u ld show a l l th e t i m b e r s u s e d . f . { ) ( ) J o i s t s s h o u ld be a l i g n e d w i t h s t u d s . g . ( ) ( } F l o o r j o i s t s p l i c e s s h o u ld be p l a c e d o n ly o v e r g i r d e r s . h . ( ) ( ) The s tu d d in g b r a c i n g s h o u ld be f l u s h w i t h t h e o u t s i d e o f t h e s t u d s . 2 . BEST ANSWER: P l a c e t h e num ber o f th e b e s t a n sw e r i n t h e p a r e n t h e s e s . a . C ) When d e s i g n in g t h e c e i l i n g j o i s t s you should: Cl) U se 2 X 8 s only. (2) Draw 24 w i t h 2 X 1 0 s . (3 ) Use o n ly 2 X 6 s . (4 ) C o n s u lt b u i l d i n g code f o r c o r r e c t s i z e . (5 ) Use t h e same s i z e a s y o u r n e ig h b o r s h o u s e . b . ( } I n d e s i g n i n g w a l l f r a m in g you s h o u ld : (1 ) D e s ig n t h e s t u d s 1 6 ” a p a r t c e n t e r t o c e n t e r . (2) D e sig n t h e s t u d s 1 8 ” a p a r t c e n t e r t o c e n t e r . (3 ) D e sig n a 1 6 ” s p a c e b e tw ee n t h e s t u d s . (4 ) D e sig n t h e s t u d s w i t h an 1 8 ” s p a c e b etw een th e m . (5 ) Draw t h e s t u d s a r e a s o n a b l e d i s t a n c e a p a r t . 4 EATING 3CAIJ!: P l a c e an X i n t h e s p a c e s f o r w h ic h you q u a l i f y . a . ( ) You h a v e draw n a c o m p le te s e t o f f ra m in g p l a n s . b . ( ) Y o u r s t u d d i n g i s 1 6 ” a p a r t c e n t e r to c e n t e r , . c . ( ) You h a v e draw n t h e f l o o r and c e i l i n g j o i s t s 1 6 ” a p a r t c e n t e r t o c e n t e r . d . ‘ ( ) Y our f r a m in g p l a n s show d o u b le s t u d d i n g o r r a f t e r s o r j o i s t s a ro u n d a l l o p e n in g s . e . ( ) You h a v e draw n y o u r s p l i c e s a l l o v e r s u p p o r t s . f . { ) Y our s c a l e i s 5" e q u a l l f . g . ( ) You h a v e d e s ig n e d f i r e s t o p s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e l o c a l b u i l d i n g c o d e . 25 Jti. ( ) Y our w a l l fra m in g p l a n s show t h e b r a c e s c o u n te r s u n k , i . ( ) You h a v e d e s ig n e d t h e r o o f r a f t e r s up a g a i n s t t h e c e i l i n g j o i s t s , j . ( ) Y our p l a n s show e x a c t num ber o f t i m b e r s t o be u s e d i n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f y o u r h o u s e . CHAPTER 4 . HOW TO DESIGN THE FIREPLACE A. MOTIVATION; A d v a n ta g e s t h a t may r e s u l t from a w e l l d e s ig n e d f i r e p l a c e . 1 . PLEASANTER EVENINGS AT HOME: From a b e a u t i f u l e f f i c i e n t f i r e p l a c e . 2 . DISTINCTIVENESS: A good f i r e p l a c e a d d s t h a t e l i t e t o u c h . 3 . A MORE BEAUTIFUL LIVING ROOM: A f i r e p l a c e d i s t i n g u i s h e s a ’hom e1 fro m a ’h o u s e '. B. DIRECTIONS: S u g g e s t i o n s on th e d e s i g n i n g o f a f i r e p l a c e . 1 . How t o d e s i g n t h e e l e v a t i o n v ie w s . a . D e sig n t h e f i r e p l a c e from f i v e t o e i g h t f e e t l o n g . (The a c t u a l l e n g t h d e p e n d s upon t h e s i z e r o o m .) b. Draw t h e f i r e p l a c e a b o u t s i x t o e i g h t e e n i n c h e s p r o j e c t e d i n t o t h e room . (A g ain d e p e n d in g upon t h e s i z e o f l i v i n g ro o m .) c . D e s ig n t h e d i s t a n c e from t h e f l o o r l i n e t o t h e m a n te l a b o u t f i v e f e e t . d . D e sig n th e e l e v a t i o n s i n b r i c k o r b r i c k w ith s tu c c o c o v e r i n g . ( T h is d e p e n d s upon t h e t a s t e o f t h e home o w n e r .) e . D e sig n th e f i r e p l a c e n e a r t h e m id d le o f th e w a l l t o w h ic h i t i s a t t a c h e d . How t o d e s i g n t h e p l a n v ie w s . a . D e sig n t h e t o p o f t h e chim ney w i t h a d o u b le f l u e . b . D e sig n a p l a n a t f l o o r l e v e l show ing c r a d l e . c . Draw f l u e o p e n in g s a c c o r d i n g t o w h at t h e l o c a l lu m b e r o r m a s o n a ry y a r d s c a r r y i n t h e way o f f l u e t i l e . (D e s ig n a r e c t a n g u l a r t i l e a b o u t 8 | " x 1 3 ” .) d . D e sig n h e a r t h e l e v a t i o n a t l e a s t 2 |* i n t o t h e room . How t o d e s i g n t h e s e c t i o n v ie w s . a . D e sig n a s e c t i o n r u n n in g fro m t o p t o bo ttom a b o u t \ t h r o u g h . (1 ) Draw b a s e 8" f o o t i n g . (2 ) Draw w a l l 9" t o h e a r t h . (3 ) Draw w a l l o f chim ney l + n t h i c k . (4 ) Draw t h e t h r o a t 6 ” w id e . (5 ) Draw 4 ” b a se f o r h e a r t h . b . D e sig n a s e c t i o n o f t h e c h im n e y ., (Show 4 ” s a f e t y d i s t a n c e fro m h o u s e . I n some e a s e s 2 " i s s a t i s f a c t o r y b u t you s h o u ld c o n s u l t t h e b u i l d i n g c o d e t o be c e r t a i n . ) c . Draw a s e c t i o n th r o u g h t h e f i r s t f l o o r , h o r i z o n t a l l y . 28 d . See F i g u r e 5 . 4 . W here to go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . a . R e s e rv e s h e l f : 2 :6 5 - 6 7 , 2 3 1 -2 3 3 , 247 ; 6 :1 7 , 2 6 , 51, 5 2 ; 1 5 : 8 8 - 1 0 0 , 1 1 5 , 1 1 7 , 1 6 8 , 1 9 8 ; 2 2 :3 9 4 ; 2 3 :3 0 - 3 2 1 ; 2 4 : 1 8 , 1 9 , 2 6 - 2 8 , 1 3 8 , 1 4 0 , 250, 2 6 0 -2 6 3 . C. ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS: P r o j e c t s i n t h e d e s i g n i n g o f f i r e p l a c e s . 1 . D e sig n a c o m p le te s e t o f f i r e p l a c e p l a n s f o r y o u r h o u s e . 2 . D e sig n a c o m p le te s e t o f f i r e p l a c e p l a n s f o r t h e c l a s s p r o j e c t h o u s e . * D. EYALUATIQN: S a m p le s o f e v a l u a t i o n t e c h n i q u e s t h a t may be a p p l i e d t o t h i s s e c t i o n . 1 . TRUE-FALSE: P l a c e an X i n t h e c o r r e c t sp a c e f o r t r u e o r f a l s e . T F a . ( ) ( ) A f i r e p l a c e s h o u ld be l o c a t e d i n t h e l i v i n g room i n t h e c o r n e r o f th e room . b . ( ) ( ) One d ra w in g i s e n o u g h f o r a f i r e p l a c e . c . ( ) ( ) B r i c k s may be u se d f o r f l u e l i n i n g . d . ( ) ( ) I t i s p e r m i s s i b l e t o h a v e m ore th a n one h e a r t h fro m t h e same ch im n ey . e . ( ) (' ) The m a n t e l s h o u ld be a b o u t f i v e f e e t fro m t h e f l o o r l i n e . 29 A S H D U M P A FIGURE -5. FIREPLACE 30 2 . BEST ANSWER: P l a c e t h e c o r r e c t num ber f o r t h e b e s t a n sw e r i n t h e p a r e n t h e s e s . a . C ) When d e s i g n in g a f i r e p l a c e you s h o u ld : (1 ) D e sig n t h e f i r e p l a c e a c c o r d in g t o t h e w is h e s o f y o u r f a m i l y . (2 ) D e sig n t h e f i r e p l a c e a c c o r d in g t o t h e s i z e o f y o u r l i v i n g room . (3 ) D e sig n a c c o r d i n g t o y o u r l o c a t i o n . (4 ) D e s ig n a c c o r d in g to t h e num ber o f e x p e c te d f a m i l y m em bers. (5 ) D e s ig n a c c o r d i n g t o t h e way y o u r h o u s e f a c e s . 3 . RATING SCALE: P l a c e an X i n e a c h s p a c e f o r w h ic h you q u a l i f y . a . ( ) You h a v e draw n a c o m p le te s e t o f f i r e p l a c e p l a n s . b . C ) Y o u r p l a n s show a s e p a r a t e f o o t i n g f o r th e f i r e p l a c e . c . ( ) Y o ur p l a n s co n fo rm w i t h t h e l o c a l b u i l d i n g c o d e . d . f ) You h a v e l o c a t e d y o u r f i r e p l a c e i n t h e a p p ro x im a te c e n t e r o f one s i d e o f t h e room , e . ( ) Y our p l a n s c a l l f o r r e c t a n g u l a r f l u e l i n i n g . 31 CHAPTER 5 HOW TO DESIGN THE FOUNDATION PLANS A. MOTIVATION: R ew ards o f w e l l d e s ig n e d f o u n d a t i o n p l a n s . 1 . REDUCED BUILDING DELAY: F o u n d a tio n s m u st be i n s p e c t e d b e f o r e you c a n b u i l d f u r t h e r , good p l a n s m ean a good f a s t b e g in n i n g . 2 . REDUCED DEPRECIATION: From t e r m i t e p r o o f f o u n d a t i o n p l a n s . 3 . MINIMUM HOUSE SETTLING: From t h o u g h ts g i v e n t o f o o t i n g a n d w a l l d im e n s io n s . 4 . EASY CONSTRUCTION: No e r r o r s i n th e p l a n s m ean no t r o u b l e i n t h e b u i l d i n g . B. DIRECTIONS: Some h e l p f u l h i n t s on how t o d e s i g n t h e f o u n d a t i o n . 1 . How t o d e s i g n t h e f o o t i n g . a . D e s ig n a c o n c r e t e f o o t i n g . b . D e sig n t h e f o o t i n g s a s d e ep a s t h e f o u n d a t i o n w a l l s a r e w id e . ( C o n s u lt b u i l d i n g c o d e .) c . Draw b elow t h e f r o s t l i n e . d . D e sig n minimum d im e n s io n s o f y o u r l o c a l b u i l d i n g code p r o v id e d y o u r g ro u n d i s f i r m . e . Draw f o o t i n g a s one w i t h t h e w a l l s i f you u s e a s l a b f l o o r o r s m a ll one s t o r y h o u s e . 2 . How t o d e s i g n t h e f o u n d a t i o n w a l l s . D e sig n t h e w a l l s a t l e a s t s i x i n c h e s t h i c k r e g a r d l e s s o f b u i l d i n g c o d e . Draw a c c o r d i n g t o t h e l o c a l b u i l d i n g c o d e . I f you a r e n o t u s i n g a s l a b f l o o r draw t h e f o u n d a t i o n a t l e a s t 18° a b o v e t h e g ro u n d . D e s ig n t h e v e n t h o l e s i n t h e w a l l s a c c o r d in g t o t h e l o c a l c o d e . Draw t h e a n c h o r b o l t s s i x f e e t a p a r t a n d n o t m ore t h a n tw e lv e i n c h e s fro m a n y c o r n e r . ( T h is w i l l m e e t m o st a n y b u i l d i n g c o d e . ) t o d e s i g n t h e p i e r s and s u p p o r t s . D e s ig n p i e r s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e l o c a l b u i l d i n g c o d e . Draw w ooden p i e r s o n ly i n d i r e e m e rg e n c y . D e s ig n a f o o t i n g f o r t h e p i e r b elo w t h e f r o s t l i n e . Draw t h e p i e r s a minimum o f f o u r t e e n i n c h e s s q u a r e . Draw a t e r m i t e s h i e l d on t h e t o p o f p i e r , t o d e s i g n t h e g a r a g e a n d / o r s l a b f l o o r . D e s ig n t h e s l a b f o r t h e h o u se a t l e a s t s i x i n c h e s ab o v e t h e g ro u n d l i n e . Draw t h e s l a b a c c o r d i n g t o b u i l d i n g code b u t a t l e a s t tw e lv e i n c h e s t h i c k f o r t h e h o u s e . Draw f o u r in c h c o n c r e t e g a ra g e s l a b . d . D e sig n s l a b on t h e h i g h e s t s p o t on t h e l o t . (1 ) A s l a b f l o o r i n a low l o t i s w e t m o st a l l t h e t im e . (2 ) . B u i l d up i f n e c e s s a r y . e . S ee F i g u r e 6 f o r a n e x a m p le . 5 . W here t o go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . a . R e s e rv e s h e l f : 2 :2 2 5 , 2 2 8 , 2 2 9 , 231 , 2 4 0 , 242 2 4 3 ; 6 :5 0 ; 1 5 :2 9 , 3 1 -3 5 ; 1 6 :2 5 - 3 1 ; 2 2 :1 1 3 - 1 3 6 ; 2 4 :3 8 - 4 0 , 4 9 . C. ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS: Work t o do f o r f o u n d a t i o n d e s i g n in g p r o .i e o t . 1 . D e s ig n a s e t o f p l a n s f o r t h e f o u n d a t i o n o f y o u r h o u s e . 2 . D e s ig n a s e t o f p l a n s f o r t h e f o u n d a t i o n o f th e c l a s s p r o j e c t h o u s e . D. EVALUATION: S am p les o f some t y p e s o f c h e c k -u p s w h ic h may be u s e d i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h t h i s s e c t i o n . 1 . TRUS-FALSE: P l a c e an X i n t h e c o r r e c t s p a c e f o r t r u e o r f a l s e . T F a . ( ) ( ) F o o t i n g s s h o u ld be made o f p o u re d c o n c r e t e . b . ( ) ( ) F o u n d a tio n w a l l s c a n be o f m aso n ry a s w e l l a s p o u re d c o n c r e t e . yoou g v is • *1 C N N. u. 0 5 c . ( ) ( ) The f o o t i n g s h o u ld be draw n below t h e f r o s t l i n e . d . ( ) ( ) S la b f l o o r s s h o u ld h a v e no f o o t i n g . e . ( ) ( ) A n ch o r b o l t s s h o u ld be draw n f o u r f e e t a p a r t . f . ( ) ( ) A n ch o r b o l t s s h o u ld be draw n no g r e a t e r d i s t a n c e t h a n tw e lv e i n c h e s fro m a n y c o r n e r . g . ( ) ( ) V ent h o l e s s h o u ld be draw n i n th e f o u n d a t i o n w a l l . h . ( ) C ) You s h o u ld u s e w ooden p i e r s r a t h e r t h a n t h o s e o f c o n c r e t e . i . ( ) ( ) C o n c r e te p i e r s s h o u ld be n o t m ore t h a n n i n e i n c h e s s q u a r e , j . t ) ( ) F o o t i n g s a r e u n n e c e s s a r y f o r p i e r s . BIST ANSWER: P l a c e t h e num ber o f t h e b e s t a n sw e r i n t h e p a r e n t h e s e s . a . { ) When d ra w in g t h e g a r a g e f l o o r you s h o u ld : (1 ) Make t h e s l a b 8 i n c h e s t h i c k minimum. (2 ) Make t h e s l a b 4 i n c h e s t h i c k maximum. (3 ) Make a 6 i n c h s l a b . (4 ) Make a 12 in c h s l a b . (5) Make a 2 i n c h s l a b . b . ( ) The b e s t way t o d e s i g n p i e r s i s : (1 ) D e sig n wooden p i e r s 3 i n c h e s a c r o s s . (2 ) D e sig n c o n c r e t e p i e r s f o u r t e e n i n c h s q u a r e minim um. (3 ) D e sig n wooden p i e r s f o u r t e e n s q u a r e i n c h e s i n e r o s s e c t i o n . (4 ) D e sig n c o n c r e t e p i e r s 3 i n c h e s s q u a r e . (5 ) D e s ig n c o n c r e t e p i e r s 3 s q u a re i n c h e s . RATING SCALE: P l a c e an H i n t h e s p a c e f o r w h ic h you q u a l i f y . a . ( ) You h a v e draw n a c o m p le te s e t o f f o u n d a t i o n p l a n s . b . ( ) Y our p l a n s w e re draw n w i t h t h e b u i l d i n g code a s a minimum g u i d e , e . ( ) You d im e n s io n e d t h e a n c h o r b o l t s s i x f e e t a p a r t a n d tw e lv e i n c h e s fro m c o r n e r s . d . { ) Y our p l a n s i n c l u d e a g a r a g e s i x i n c h s l a b . e . ( ) You h a v e an e i g h t e e n i n c h d i s t a n c e b e tw ee n t h e g ro u n d a n d t h e b o tto m o f y o u r f l o o r , i f o t h e r t h a n s l a b , f . C ) You h a v e draw n t h e v e n t h o l e s i n t o y o u r f o u n d a t i o n w a l l s . g . ( ) You h a v e draw n c o n c r e t e p i e r s w h e re n e c e s s a r y . h . ( ) You h a v e i n d i c a t e d a t e r m i t e s h i e l d . i . ( ) You h a v e d e s ig n e d y o u r f o o t i n g s b elo w t h e f r o s t l i n e . 37 CHAPTER 6 HOW TO DESIGN THE UTILITY PLANS A. MOTIVATION: A d v a n ta g e s o f d e s i g n i n g good u t i l i t y p l a n s . 1 . GREATER CONVENIENCE: By l o c a t i n g t h e e l e c t r i c o u t l e t s and w a t e r f a u c e t s i n u s a b l e p l a c e s . 2 . CONFORMITY: Good p l a n s h a v e no t r o u b l e w i t h t h e l o c a l b u i l d i n g c o d e s . 3 . HEALTHIER EYES: By d ra w in g l i g h t i n g o u t l e t s w here t h e y w i l l do t h e m o st g o o d . 4 . EASIER INSTALLATION: W irin g and p lu m b in g a r e to u g h j o b s a t b e s t , w i t h c l e a r p l a n s t h e jo b i s made e a s i e r . B. DIRECTIONS: K ey p o i n t s to g u id e you i n d ra w in g t h e u t i l i t y p l a n s . 1 . How t o d e s i g n t h e p lu m b in g s y s te m . a . D e s ig n p i c t o r i a l v ie w s . b . Draw t h e p l a n s e x a c t l y a s t h e b u i l d i n g code i n d i c a t e s . (M ost b u i l d i n g c o d e s a r e v e r y s t r i c t on p lu m b in g m a t t e r s . ) c . D e s ig n a s many s h o r t c u t s a s p o s s i b l e . (Do n o t t r y t o make t h e d ra w in g b e a u t i f u l . ) d . Draw a l l l i n e d ra w in g s t h e sam e. (Do n o t t r y t o i n d i c a t e t y p e . ) e . Draw t h e s e p t i c t a n k c o n n e c ti o n s i f you u s e o n e . f . S ee F i g u r e 7 f o r sam p le d r a w in g . 2 . How t o d e s i g n t h e w i r i n g s y s te m . a . D e sig n t h e s y s te m u s i n g t h e l o c a l b u i l d i n g code a s a g u i d e . (The c o d e s a r e v e r y s t r i c t on w i r i n g s y s t e m s .) b . Draw a l l l i n e d r a w in g s . (Do n o t i n d i c a t e t h e d i f f e r e n t t y p e w i r e s by l i n e s ; u se n o t e s . ) c . D e sig n a p i c t o r i a l d ra w in g f o r a t l e a s t one room . (S ee F i g u r e 8 . ) d . Draw t h e l i v i n g room w i t h a t l e a s t t h r e e w a l l o u t l e t s . (On th e b a s e b o a r d .) e . D e sig n t h e b a th ro o m o u t l e t s a s f a r away from, t h e tu b a s p o s s i b l e . f . D e sig n m ore t h a n enough o u t l e t s . 3 . How t o d e s i g n t h e h e a t i n g s y s te m . a . D e s ig n t h e h e a t i n g s y s te m u s i n g th e b u i l d i n g code a s a g u i d e . b . Draw a s many v ie w s a s a r e n e c e s s a r y t o y o u . c . D e sig n r e g i s t e r s by l o c a t i o n o n l y . (The h o o k up s y s te m i s a p lu m b in g a c t i o n . ) d . D e sig n r a d i a n t h e a t i n g a s shown i n F i g u r e 9 . 4 . I h e r e t o go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . a . R e s e rv e s h e l f : 2 : 7 3 , 241, 2 4 7 ; 1 1 :1 9 - 2 1 ; 15: 2 8 , 5 2 , 6 0 , 1 2 1 -1 2 9 , 1 4 0 -1 5 1 , 2 51; 2 2 :3 5 5 - 3 7 0 ; F/G Uft£ 7. PLUM&tNG SY ST E M F/GURE 6 . W/R/A/G P/C TORAL 41 F/GURE S RAD/ANT HBA T/A/G 3 X3 T £ M 42 2 4 :2 5 , 4 9 , 2 0 5 -2 0 7 . 0 . ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS: L a b o r a to r y w ork i n "the d e sig n in g ; o f u t i l i t y p l a n s . 1 . D e s ig n a c o m p le te s e t o f u t i l i t y p l a n s f o r y o u r h o u s e . 2 . D e sig n a c o m p le te s e t o f p l a n s f o r t h e c l a s s p r o j e c t h o u s e . D. EVALUATION: S am p les o f c h e c k -u p s w h ic h may be a p p l i e d t o u t i l i t y p l a n n i n g . 1 . TRUE-FALSE: P l a c e a n X i n t h e c o r r e c t s p a c e f o r t r u e o r f a l s e . T F a . ( ) ( ) I t i s b e s t t o draw p i c t o r i a l v ie w s o f t h e p lu m b in g s y s te m . b . ( ) ( ) I t i s n e v e r w is e t o draw a p i c t o r i a l p l a n o f t h e w i r i n g s y s te m . c . ( ) ( ) The l o c a l b u i l d i n g co d e s h o u ld be t h e r e f e r e e i n any d i s p u t e c o n c e r n in g t h e p l a n n i n g o f t h e h o u se w i r i n g . d . ( ) ( ) I t i s n o t w is e t o make p lu m b in g p ip e go a n y o t h e r way t h a n up o r s t r a i g h t a c r o s s . 2 . BEST ANSWER: P l a c e t h e num ber o f t h e b e s t a n sw e r i n t h e p a r e n t h e s e s . 43 3 . a . ( ) When d ra w in g w i r i n g p l a n s you s h o u ld : (1 ) Draw o n ly l i n e d r a w in g s . (2 ) Draw o n ly p i c t o r i a l d r a w in g s . (3 ) Draw b o th t y p e s . ( 4 ) .Draw no p l a n s - u s e n o t e s . (5 ) Have th e b u i l d i n g co m m ission draw them f o r y o u . RATING SCALE: P l a c e an X i n e a c h s p a c e f o r w h ic h y o u q u a l i f y . a . b. ( c. ( d . ( ©. ( You h a v e c o m p le te d a s e t o f w i r i n g d ra w in g s . You h a v e c o m p le te d a s e t o f p lu m b in g d raw i n g s . You h a v e u se d t h e b u i l d i n g code a s a l a s t w ord a u t h o r i t y . Y our p l a n s i n c l u d e p i c t o r i a l d r a w in g s . You h a v e draw n a c o m p le te s e t o f h e a t i n g p l a n s . 44 PART 2 . ERECTION An i d e a i s o n ly a s go od a s t h e a c t u a l am ount o f a c t i o n i t f o s t e r s . Y our p l a n s t h e n a r e j u s t so much p a p e r u n t i l you h a v e s t a r t e d c o n s t r u c t i o n o f y o u r h o u s e . I n t h i s c o n s t r u c t i o n t h e r e a r e m any w ays o f d o in g t h i n g s t h a t c a n sa v e y ou m oney, tim e an d e n e r g y . T h ese t h i n g s we t a k e u p i n p a r t 2 o f o u r c o u r s e . A t t h e c o n c l u s i o n o f p a r t 2 o f o u r c o u r s e yo u w i l l h a v e c o n s t r u c t e d , e i t h e r a c t u a l l y , o r th r o u g h o u r c l a s s p r o j e c t h o u s e , y o u r h o u s e . 45 CHAPTER 7 HOW TO LAY THE FOUNDATION A. MOTIVATION; R ew ards t h a t come fro m h a v in g a good f o u n d a t i o n , 1 . SAFETY: The e n t i r e h o u se i s no s a f e r t h a n i t s f o u n d a t i o n . 2 . ATTRACTIVE HOME: W ith a good f o u n d a t i o n , u g ly c r a c k s a r e n o t l i k e l y t o a p p e a r i n y o u r w a l l s . 3 . MONEY SAVED: C o s t l y r e p a i r h i l l s on t h e e n t i r e h o u se a r e r e d u c e d o r e l i m i n a t e d . 4 . MENTAL SECURITY: From t h e k n o w led g e t h a t you h a v e a good s a f e h o u s e . B. DIRECTIONS: The b e s t way t o l a y t h e f o u n d a t i o n . 1 . How t o c l e a r t h e l a n d . a . S ave a s m any t r e e s a s p o s s i b l e . b . C o n ta c t l o c a l d e a l e r i n f ir e w o o d . (You can o f t e n h a v e y o u r t r e e s rem oved f r e e an d ev en make a l i t t l e money on t h e s i d e . ) c . C l e a r a r e a o f a l l deadwood an d stu m p s . (1 ) H i r e a b u l l d o z e r i f n e c e s s a r y . (2 ) Dead wood i s a n e x c e l l e n t t e r m i t e m a g n e t. d . B urn a l l l o o s e t w i g s , u n d e r b r u s h a n d t a l l g r a s s . 2 . How t o l a y o u t t h e b u i l d i n g s . a . L o c a te t h e c o r n e r s f i r s t . ( I f i t i s n e c e s s a r y ' t o h a v e y o u r l o t s u r v e y e d h a v e t h e s u r v e y o r l o c a t e t h e c o r n e r s f o r y o u .) b . S ta k e i n t h e b a t t e r b o a r d s . (1 ) You c an u se t h e s e t o l o c a t e t h e b u i l d i n g c o r n e r s i f you h a v e t o do i t y o u r s e l f . (2 ) Be c e r t a i n t h e y a r e l e v e l . (3 ) E x p la in e d i n F i g u r e 1 0 . 3 . How t o p e rf o rm t h e n e c e s s a r y e x c a v a t i o n . a . H i r e a pow er s h o v e l i f y o u a r e t o h a v e a b a s e m e n t. (1 ) Be on h a n d when t h e pow er s h o v e l i s a t w ork a n d s a v e t h e t o p s o i l . (2 ) S e e t h a t a l l e x c a v a t io n i s done a t th e same t im e . I f y o u h a v e t o h a v e t h e s h o v e l b a ck a se c o n d tim e t h e c o s t i s d o u b le . b. S e c u re a good w h e e lb a rro w i f you do n o t h a v e a b a se m e n t i n y o u r h o u s e . (1 ) Buy o n e i f you p o s s i b l y c an a f f o r d i t , a s you can u se i t t h r o u g h o u t t h e b u i l d i n g p r o c e s s . (2) L ay p l a n k s on s o f t g ro u n d f o r w h e e lb a rro w t r a c k s . 4 . How t o p o u r t h e c o n c r e t e f o o t i n g . 47 L I N E P L U M B B O B F/GURE /O. BATTER BOARD SET UP 48 a . D ig th e f o o t i n g t r e n c h . (1 ) Do t h i s by h a n d a n d k e e p c o r n e r s s q u a r e . b . U se 2 X 4 s f o r i n s i d e t o p g u i d e . c . P o u r th e c o n c r e t e a l l i n one o p e r a t i o n . (1 ) U n le s s i t i s i m p o s s i b l e , h a v e t h e c o n c r e t e d e l i v e r e d t o y o u by a r e a d y - m ix com pany. (2 ) I f you m u st m ix i t y o u r s e l f u s e a box s i x f e e t l o n g , f o u r f e e t w id e and a b o u t s i x i n c h e s h i g h , and m ix i t w i t h a h o e . (3 ) Use t h e f o l l o w i n g m i x t u r e : f i v e and one h a l f g a l l o n s o f w a t e r t o one s a c k o f c e m e n t, two and t h r e e f o u r t h s c u b ic f e e t o f sa n d an d f o u r c u b ic f e e t o f s m a ll p e b b l e s . ( a ) A cem en t s a c k h o l d s a p p r o x im a te ly one c u b ic f o o t . (4 ) S e t a g r e a s e d 2 X 4 i n t o t h e cem ent w h ile i t i s s t i l l p l y a b l e f o r f o u n d a t i o n w a l l l o c k u n l e s s you p o u r t h e e n t i r e f o o t i n g an d w a l l a t t h e same tim e . 5 . How t o p o u r t h e f o u n d a t i o n w a l l s . a . S e c u re fo rm s f i r m l y . (1 ) I f you h a v e a b a sem e n t u s e 2 X 4 s o r 2 X 6 s . (2 ) I f you do n o t h a v e a b a sem e n t u s e 1 X 6 s will eh e an be u se d l a t e r a s s u b - f l o o r i n g o r s h e a t h i n g , b. B u ild window and v e n t i l a t i o n h o l e s i n t o t h e fo rm s . How t o i n s e r t t h e a n c h o r b o l t s . a . P l a c e i n t o t h e cem en t o n ly a f t e r t h e cem ent h a s tim e t o s e t a l i t t l e . b . S c r a p e o f f a l l r u s t i f you u se s e c o n d h a n d b o l t s . (T h ese b o l t s a r e OK and t h e y sa v e a l i t t l e m o n ey .) How t o s e t t h e g i r d e r . a . S e t t h e p i e r s i n p l a c e c a r e f u l l y . (1 ) They c a n be p u r c h a s e d a l r e a d y made w i t h redw ood b lo c k i n s t a l l e d . (2 ) You c an sa v e a s m a ll am ount o f m oney by b u i l d i n g fo rm s a n d m ak in g th em y o u r s e l f , b u t t h i s , i s n o t recom m ended. b . S e t i n p l a c e t h e g i r d e r o n ly a f t e r t h e f o u n d a t i o n i s s e t a n d d r y . - ( C o n s u lt b l u e p r i n t s c a r e r f u l l y f o r b u i l d i n g code r e q u i r e m e n t s . ) How t o l a y a s l a b f l o o r . a . B u ild a f o o t i n g and f o u n d a t i o n w a l l i n t h e same m an n er a s y ou w o u ld w i t h a wood f l o o r , b . L ay a s i x i n c h l a y e r o f g r a n u l a r f i l l . C over f i l l w i t h one h a l f i n c h c o a t i n g o f g r o u t , (o h e p a r t cem ent to t h r e e p a r t s s a n d .) A p p ly mop c o a t o f h o t a s p h a l t . Lay f i f t e e n pound f e l t c o v e r i n g o v e r h o t a s p h a l t . (A llow s e v e r a l i n c h e s o v e r l a p p i n g . ) A p p ly se c o n d c o a t o f a s p h a l t and f e l t i f b u i l d in g code r e q u i r e s . A p p ly r i g i d i n s u l a t i o n . (1 ) A t l e a s t one i n c h t h i c k . (2 ) B rin g i n s u l a t i o n up t h e s i d e o f th e f o u n d a t i o n w a l l a n d w e l l o v e r . (3 ) E x te n d th e i n s u l a t i o n a t l e a s t e i g h t e e n i n c h e s i n t o t h e f l o o r fro m t h e w a l l . P o u r t h e s l a b u s in g t h e f o l l o w i n g m i x t u r e : one p a r t cem ent t o two and one f o u r t h p a r t s sa n d t o t h r e e p a r t s g r a v e l . (1 ) G r a v e l n o t t o be m ore t h a n o n e i n c h i n d i a m e t e r . (2 ) Make c e r t a i n m e t a l r e i n f o r c e m e n t i n down b e f o r e p o u r in g t h e c e m e n t. The s i z e i s u s u a l l y g o v e rn e d by t h e b u i l d i n g c o d e . I n s t a l l m e t a l c l i p s b e f o r e s l a b h a r d e n s i f you a r e g o in g to i n s t a l l a w ooden f l o o r . W ire h e a t i n g c o p p e r t u b in g t o t h e s t e e l r e i n f o r c e m e n t b e f o r e p o u r in g c o n c r e t e i f y o u a r e g o in g t o h av e r a d i a n t h e a t i n g . (1 ) U nder t h e s e c o n d i t i o n s th e r i g i d i n s u l a t i o n s h o u ld e x te n d a t l e a s t t h r e e f e e t u n d e r t h e f l o o r i n g fro m t h e w a l l . 9 . W here t o go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . a . R e s e rv e s h e l f : 2 :2 2 5 , 2 2 8 , 2 2 9 , 2 3 1 , 2 4 0 , 242 2 4 3 ; 6 :5 0 ; 1 5 :3 9 , 6 3 - 7 3 , 1 0 1 ; 2 2 :1 1 3 - 1 3 6 ; 2 4 :3 8 - 4 0 , 4 9 . C. ACTIVITY ASSIG3SMENT: P r o j e c t i n h o u se f o u n d a t i o n b u i l d i n g . 1 . Lay t h e f o u n d a t i o n f o r y o u r own home. 2 . H e lp t h e o t h e r s t u d e n t s i n y o u r c l a s s l a y t h e f o u n d a t i o n f o r t h e p r o j e c t h o u s e . D. EVALUATION: S am p les o f c h e c k -u p s t o be u se d i n c o n n e c tio n w i t h y o u r a b i l i t y i n t h i s m a t t e r . 1 . TRUE-FALSE: P l a c e an X i n t h e s p a c e u n d e r T i f t h e s t a t e m e n t i s t r u e , a n d an X i n t h e F s p a c e i f you t h i n k th e s t a t e m e n t i s f a l s e . T F a . C ) C ) When c l e a r i n g t h e l a n d y o u s h o u ld s a v e a s many t r e e s a s p o s s i b l e . b . ( ) ( ) I f i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o h i r e a b u l l d o z e r , you s h o u ld r u n i t y o u r s e l f . g . ( ) ( ) You s h o u ld b u rn a l l t h e tw i g s i n t h e a r e a . d . ( ) ( ) You s h o u ld be on h a n d i f you h i r e a pow er s h o v e l . e . ( ) ( } When d ig g in g t h e f o o t i n g t r e n c h i t i s n o t n e c e s s a r y t o sp e n d much tim e k e e p in g t h e s i d e s s t r a i g h t . f . ( ) ( ) C o n c re te s h o u ld be p o u re d a l l i n one o p e r a t i o n . g . ( ) { ) A g r e a s e d 2 X 4 i s s a t i s f a c t o r y f o r a f o o t i n g t o f o u n d a t i o n l o c k fo rm . BIST ANSWER: P l a c e t h e num ber o f t h e b e s t a n sw e r i n t h e p a r e n t h e s e s . a . ( ) The b e s t fo rm b o a rd s f o r b r a c i n g a s i n g l e s t o r y h o u s e f o u n d a t i o n a r e (1 ) 2 X 4 s (2 ) 1 I 6 s (3 ) 1 2 8 s (4) 2 I 6 s (5 ) 2 X 8 s . b . ( ) When c l e a r i n g t h e l a n d y ou s h o u ld : (1) H ir e some o n e t o chop down a l l t h e t r e e s . (2 ) Chop down a l l t h e t r e e s y o u r s e l f . (3) H ir e a b u l l d o z e r f o r c l e a r i n g a l l t h e t r e e s . (4 ) Chop down a s few t r e e s a s i s n e c e s s a r y f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e h o u s e . (5 ) L eave a l l t r e e s r e g a r d l e s s . RATING SCALE: P l a c e an X i n e a c h s p a c e f o r w h ic h you q u a l i f y . a . ( ) You h a v e c l e a r e d t h e l o t o f o n ly t h e t r e e s t h a t i n t e r f e r e w i t h t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f th e ho u s e . b . { ) You h a v e b u rn e d o f f a l l e x c e s s d e ad g r a s s , e . { ) You h a d t h e s u r v e y o r l o c a t e t h e c o r n e r s , i f one w as a v a i l a b l e . d . ( ) You dug t h e f o u n d a t i o n t r e n c h e s w i t h s t r a i g h t v e r t i c a l s i d e s . e . ( ) You p o u re d t h e c o n c r e t e a l l i n one o p e r a t i o n . f . ( } Y our i n s e r t e d a n c h o r b o l t s a r e t h e r e q u i r e d d i s t a n c e s . CHAPTER 8. HOW TO ERECT THE FRAMEWORK 54 A. MOTIVATION: B e n e f i t s t h a t may r e s u l t fro m a w e l l c o n s t r u c t e d fra m e w o rk .. 1 . EASE OF INSULATING WALLS: R e a d y m a d e i n s u l a t i o n w i l l f i t c o r r e c t l y i n s t a l l e d s t u d d i n g . 2 . STURDY HOUSE: Fram ew ork i s t h e key t o s t u r d i n e s s . 3 . REDUCED LABOR IN FUTURE WALL ADDITIONS: A n o th e r room i n t h e f u t u r e m eans p r e s e n t fram ew o rk m u st be c o r r e c t . B. DIRECTIONS: H e l p f u l h i n t s i n e r e c t i n g t h e fram ew ork o f y o u r h o u s e . 1 . How t o f a s t e n t h e s i l l t o t h e f o u n d a t i o n . a . F i t t h e s i l l w i t h c a r e - i t i s t h e k e y t o a good fra m e w o rk . b . Lay a t h i n c o a t o f m o r t a r o v e r t h e t o p o f t h e f o u n d a t i o n t o embed th e s i l l . c . C o at t h e s i l l . w i t h w h i t e l e a d . d . A p p ly c r e o s o t e o r a n t i - t e r m i t e s h i e l d . e . F a s t e n b o l t n u t s f i r m l y and l e v e l s i l l . 2 . How t o i n s e r t f l o o r j o i s t s . a . A p p ly h e a d e r an d e n d j o i s t f l u s h w i t h t h e o u t s i d e o f t h e s i l l . (1 ) S p ik e i n t o p l a c e w i t h 10 p e n n y n a i l s . b . I n s e r t f l o o r j o i s t s . (1 ) R e s t d i r e c t l y on t h e g i r d e r i f p o s s i b l e . (2 ) B u ild up g i r d e r i f n e c e s s a r y w i t h redw ood b l o c k s . (3 ) Toe n a i l j o i s t s t o g i r d e r o r b lo c k . (a ) Make c e r t a i n a l l j o i s t s a r e l e v e l . (b ) O v e rla p j o i s t s a n d n a i l t o g e t h e r . (4 ) A p p ly b r i d g i n g a s p e r b u i l d i n g c o d e . (5 ) Buy s p e c i a l s l o t t e d b lo c k s i f you a r e u s i n g c o n c r e t e b r i c k s t o b u i l d w i t h . 3 . How t o l a y t h e s u b - f l o o r i n g . a . A p p ly s u b - f l o o r i n g d i a g o n a l l y . b . N a i l s u b - f l o o r i n g a t e a c h p o i n t o f i n t e r s e c t i o n w i t h a f l o o r j o i s t . c . T rim s u b - f l o o r i n g f l u s h w i t h t h e end an d h e a d e r j o i s t s . 4 . How t o i n s t a l l t h e w a l l f r a m in g . a . N a i l s o l e down l i g h t l y . b . P l a c e p l a t e on t o p o f s o l e a n d m ark w ith a p e n c i l e x a c t l o c a t i o n f o r w a l l s t u d d i n g . c . Gut a l l s t u d d i n g a t one t i m e . (U se t h e s u b f l o o r i n g a s a w ork b e n ch ) d . F i t one s e c t i o n o f w a l l f ra m in g a t a tim e . (1 ) N a i l t h e s t u d d i n g b e tw e e n t h e p l a t e and t h e s o l e . (2 ) H o i s t t h e s e c t i o n i n p l a c e and. n a i l d i r e c t l y t o t h e s u b - f l o o r i n g . (3 ) U se te m p o ra r y b r a c i n g u n t i l a l l s e c t i o n s a r e up i n p l a c e . (4 ) F i x s o l e p e r m a n e n tly . e . U se e x a c t l y t h e same m ethod f o r a s l a b f l o o r e x c e p t s u b - f l o o r i n g i s o m i t t e d . f . A p p ly m o r t a r on t o p o f f o u n d a t i o n i f you a r e m aking w a l l s o f c o n c r e t e b l o c k s . (1 ) Make c e r t a i n e a c h b r i c k i s l e v e l . (2 ) Be p r e c i s e and s e e t h a t a l l b lo c k s a r e f l u s h . (3 ) Buy an d i n s t a l l p r e c a s t l i n t e l s . (4 ) I n s t a l l p r e c a s t w indow s i l l s . 5 . Where t o go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . a . R e s e rv e s h e l f : 2 :6 $ , 2 3 4 , 2 3 5 , 2 4 1 -2 4 5 , 2 4 7 - 251; 4 : 3 0 , 2 1 0 , 30 3, 3 0 4 , 3 1 7 , 319, 3 21, 4 5 8 ; 6 : 3 5 ; 1 5 :1 2 0 , 1 2 6 -1 4 0 ; 1 6 :1 1 8 - 1 2 0 ; 2 4 :4 9 - 7 4 . 0 . ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENT: P r o j e c t i n b u i l d i n g w a l l s e c t i o n s . 1 . E r e c t y o u r h o u s e f r a m in g . 2 . H e lp t h e s t u d e n t s i n y o u r c l a s s e r e c t t h e fr a m in g f o r t h e c l a s s p r o j e c t h o u s e . D. EVALUATION: Sam ple o f some e v a l u a t i o n t e c h n i q u e s w h ic h may be a p p l i e d t o t h e fram ew o rk e r e c t i o n s e c t i o n . TRUE-FALSE: P l a c e a n X i n t h e c o r r e c t s p a c e f o r t r u e o r f a l s e . T F a . ( ) ( ) The s i l l s h o u ld be l a i d d i r e c t l y on t o p o f t h e f o u n d a t i o n . b . ( ) ( ) You s h o u ld s p i k e t h e h e a d e r s i n t o p l a c e w i t h 10 p e n n y n a i l s . c . ( ) ( ) You s h o u ld p l a c e t h e f l o o r j o i s t s d i r e c t l y on t h e g i r d e r i f p o s s i b l e . d . ( ) ( ) When u s in g c o n c r e t e b lo c k s i t i s b e s t t o c h i p o u t h o l e s f o r t h e j o i s t s t o f i t i n t o . e . ( ) ( ) The b u i l d i n g code s h o u ld be t h e g u id e f o r b r i d g i n g . f . ( ) ( ) The r o u g h , o r s u b - f l o o r i n g , s h o u ld be a p p l i e d d i a g o n a l l y . BEST ANSWER: P l a c e t h e num ber o f t h e b e s t a n sw e r i n t h e p a r e n t h e s e s . a . ( ) When i n s t a l l i n g t h e w a l l f ra m in g y o u s h o u ld (1 ) Fram e t h e h o u se one s t u d a t a t i m e . (2 ) Frame t h e h o u se by b u i l d i n g s e c t i o n s a n d p u t t i n g th em u p . (3 ) Fram e t h e h o u s e by b u i l d i n g t h e e n t i r e w a l l t h e n p u t i n p o s i t i o n . (4 ) Fram e t h e h o u se a c c o r d i n g t o am ount o f lu m b e r y o u h a v e on h a n d . b . ( ) When f a s t e n i n g t h e s i l l t o th e f o u n d a t i o n you s h o u ld : (1 ) Lay a t h i n l a y e r o f m o r ta r on t o p o f t h e f o u n d a t i o n b e f o r e i n s t a l l i n g s i l l . (2 ) Lay t h e s i l l d i r e c t l y on t h e f o u n d a t i o n t h e n a t h i n l a y e r o f m o r ta r o v e r t h e s i l l . (3) Lay t h e s i l l d i r e c t l y on t h e f o u n d a t i o n s k i p p i n g t h e m o r t a r . (4 ) Lay c r e o s o t e l a y e r on t o p o f t h e f o u n d a t i o n t h e n s i l l d i r e c t l y on t o p . c . { ) To make t h e h o u se t e r m i t e p r o o f y o u s h o u ld : (1) P u t a t i n s h e e t u n d e r t h e s i l l . (2 ) A p p ly c r e o s o t e t o t h e f r a m i n g . (3 ) P u t t e r m i t e s h i e l d s on t h e f o u n d a t i o n . (4) P u t c r e o s o t e on i n s i d e o f t h e f o u n d a t i o n w a l l . RATING SCALE: P l a c e a n X i n e a c h s p a c e f o r w h ich you q u a l i f y . a . ( ) C o n s t r u c te d t h e fr a m in g on y o u r h o u s e . b. ( } I n s t a l l e d a n t i - t e r m i t e s h i e l d s . c . ( ) A p p lie d a t h i n l a y e r o f m o r t a r u n d e r th e s i l l b e f o r e f a s t e n i n g t o f o u n d a t i o n . d . ( ) N a i l e d t h e s u b - f l o o r i n g d i a g o n a l l y . e . ( ) Trimmed t h e s u b - f l o o r i n g f l u s h w i t h th e h e a d e r j o i s t s . f . ( ) I n s t a l l e d f r a m in g one s e c t i o n a t a t i m e . 59 CHAPTER 9 HOW TO BUILD THE ROOF A. MOTIVATION: A d v a n ta g e s o f b u i l d i n g a good r o o f . 1 . BETTER HEALTH: A l e a k y r o o f may c a u s e c o l d s . 2 . COMFORTABLE LEISURE: A good r o o f w i l l g i v e m e n ta l a s w e l l a s p h y s i c a l c o m f o r t. B. DIRECTIONS: Key p o i n t s i n r o o f b u i l d i n g . 1 . How t o fra m e t h e r o o f . a . A p p ly c e i l i n g j o i s t s p e r m a n e n tly from t h e s t a r t . b . Make a m a s t e r r a f t e r . (1 ) U se t o make a l l t h e r a f t e r s a t o n c e . (2 ) C a r p e n t e r s s q u a r e c a n s o l v e t h e m athem a t i c s f o r y o u . c . P u t t h e r a f t e r s up i n p a i r s . (1 ) T h e re w i l l be a s l i g h t g a p a t t h e t o p w h ic h i s f o r t h e r i d g e t o be i n s t a l l e d l a t e r . (2 ) U se 2 l 6 d n a i l s f o r f i x i n g r a f t e r to r i d g e b o a rd . (3 ) Use 5 10d n a i l s t o n a i l r a f t e r t o c e i l i n g j o i s t . (4 ) T o e - n a i l r a f t e r t o p l a t e w i t h 2 lO d n a i l s . d . Use te m p o r a ry b r a c e s a c r o s s r a f t e r s u n t i l r o o f i n g h a s been a p p l i e d . How t o a p p ly r o o f b o a r d s . a . A p p ly s h e a t h i n g , s t a g g e r i n g t h e j o i n t s so t h a t n o t m ore t h a n two come on o n e r a f t e r . b . N a i l b o a r d s t o r a f t e r s w i t h 2 8d n a i l s m aking c e r t a i n b o a rd s a r e t i g h t t o g e t h e r . c . L ay r o o f b o a rd s h o r i z o n t a l l y a n d t h e n t r i m a l l a t o n c e . d . L eav e a b r e a k b etw een t h e r o o f i n g b o a rd s i f you u s e w ooden s h i n g l e s . How t o i n s t a l l a s p h a l t s h i n g l e s . a . R ead m a n u f a c t u r e r s i n s t r u c t i o n s c a r e f u l l y f o r t h e num ber a n d k in d o f n a i l s t o u s e . b . C over r o o f b o a r d s w i t h r o o f i n g f e l t . (1 ) L eav e s i x i n c h e s o v e r l a p p i n g f o r e a c h s t r i p o f f e l t . (2 ) Make c e r t a i n t h e t o p s t r i p g o e s o v e r t h e r i d g e . (3 ) T ack down l i g h t l y i n a few s p o t s . c . T ack a c o u rs e o f s h i n g l e s a lo n g t h e e a v e . ( L e t t h e s h i n g l e s e x te n d t h r e e q u a r t e r s o f a n i n c h a t t h e g a b l e e n d s . } d . A pp ly t h e s h i n g l e s i n c o u r s e s fro m t h e e a v e s . e . Cap t h e r i d g e w i t h wood s h i n g l e s , r o l l r o o f i n g , o r m e t a l . How t o a t t a c h wood, s h i n g l e s . a . L ay a d o u b le c o u rs e o f s h i n g l e s a t t h e e a v e s . b . A rra n g e e a c h s h i n g l e j o i n t so t h a t i t i s c o v e re d w i t h a t l e a s t on e a n d one., h a l f i n c h e s o f th e w id th o f t h e s h i n g l e ab o v e i t . c . S p a c e d r y s h i n g l e s one q u a r t e r i n c h a p a r t . d . S p a c e w e t o r g r e e n s h i n g l e s one e i g h t h i n c h a p a r t . e . Use 3& n a i l s f o r 24 i n c h s h i n g l e s , 4d n a i l s f o r 16 o r 18 i n c h s h i n g l e s . (U se 2 n a i l s f o r e a c h s h i n g l e . ) How t o a p p ly a s b e s t o s s h i n g l e s . a . B u ild n e c e s s a r y s c a f f o l d i n g . b . A p p ly 15 pound a s p h a l t r o o f i n g f e l t . c . E x te n d s p e c i a l s t a r t e r c o u r s e one in c h beyond t h e e a v e s . d . U se one and one q u a r t e r i n c h g a l v a n i z e d n a i l s . (1 ) D r iv e t h r o u g h r e a d y made h o l e s . (2 ) U se e x tre m e c a r e i n n a i l i n g a s t h e s h i n g l e s a r e b r i t t l e . e . Do n o t w a lk on t h e s h i n g l e s . f . S c o re w i t h a s h a r p i n s t r u m e n t a n d b r e a k w hen n e c e s s a r y t o c u t s h i n g l e s . W here t o go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . 62 a . R e s e rv e s h e l f : 2 :6 0 - 6 8 , 8 5 , 8 7 , 2 4 1 , 2 4 7 , 2 4 8 , 2 5 1 ; 4 : 3 6 , 2 1 6^ 2 2 2 , 3 2 6 ; 6 : 3 0 - 4 0 , 6 2 ; 1 5 : 5 4 - 5 6 , 9 9 , H I , 1 1 6 , 1 9 4 -1 9 9 ; 1 8 :7 5 - 9 5 , 1 2 6 - 1 3 0 , 2 2 2 , 2 2 3 ; 2 0 :4 7 ; 2 2 : 1 6 0 , 2 0 0 -2 6 7 ; 2 4 :7 4 - 7 9 , 2 7 6 - 2 8 0 . C. ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENT: P ro ,j e 01 i n r o o f i n g . 1 . A p p ly t h e r o o f i n g t o y o u r h o u s e . 2 . H e lp t h e m em bers o f y o u r c l a s s a p p ly t h e r o o f i n g t o t h e c l a s s p r o j e c t h o u s e . D. EVALUATION: S a m p le s o f e v a l u a t i o n i n s t r u m e n t s t h a t may be u se d i n c o n n e c tio n w i t h t h e r o o f i n g s e c t i o n . 1 . TRUE-FALSE: P l a c e an X i n t h e c o r r e c t s p a c e f o r t r u e o r f a l s e . T F a . ( ) .{ ) A l l t h e r a f t e r s s h o u l d be c u t a t t h e same tim e . b . C ) { } You s h o u ld p u t up t h e r a f t e r s i n p a i r s . c . ( ) { ) R a f t e r s s h o u ld be t o e - n a i l e d t o th e p l a t e . d . ( ) ( ) R oof b o a r d s s h o u ld be a p p l i e d d i a g o n a l l y . e . ( ) { ) F o r wooden s h i n g l e s t h e s h e a t h i n g s h o u ld be a p p l i e d s o l i d and t i g h t . f . { ) { ) A l l s h e a t h i n g j o i n t s s h o u ld be p u t on one r a f t e r . g . ( ) C ) A s p h a l t s h i n g l e s s h o u ld be a p p l i e d d i r e c t l y t o t h e s h e a t h i n g . h . C ) ( ) A l l s h i n g l e s s h o u ld be a p p l i e d fro m t h e r i d g e t o t h e e a v e s . i . ( ) ( ) Wood r i d g e c a p s a r e n e v e r s a t i s f a c t o r y , j . C ) ( ) You s h o u ld p l a c e w e t s h i n g l e s on e in c h a p a r t t o a ll o w f o r e x p a n s io n . BEST ANSWER: P l a c e t h e num ber o f t h e b e s t a n sw e r i n t h e p a r e n t h e s e s . a . ( ) When a p p l y i n g t h e c e i l i n g j o i s t s y ou s h o u ld : (1 ) A p p ly them one a t a t i m e . (2 ) A p p ly t h e j o i s t s i n p a i r s . (3) A p p ly them t o one s i d e o f t h e r o o f a t a t i m e . (A) A p p ly them a t ran d o m . RATING SCALE: P l a c e a n X i n e a c h s p a c e f o r w h ic h you q u a l i f y . a . c ) You h a v e c o m p le te d t h e r o o f o n y o u r h o u s e . b . ( } You a p p l i e d t h e r a f t e r s i n p a i r s . c . { ) You d i d n o t w a lk on t h e s h i n g l e s . d . f ) You p u t 1$ pound f e l t u n d e r a s p h a l t o r a s b e s t o s s h i n g l e s i f y ou u se th e m . e . c ) You l e f t a s p a c e b e tw e e n t h e r o o f b o a r d s i f y o u i n s t a l l e d wood s h i n g l e s . f . ( ) You t o e - n a i l e d t h e r a f t e r s t o t h e p l a t e . 64 g . ( ) You a p p l i e d tiie s h i n g l e s fro m t h e e a v e s u p . h . ( ) You u s e d a m a s te r r a f t e r t o c u t y o u r r a f t e r s . CHAPTER 10 HOW TO PLUMB YOUR HOUSE A. MOTIVATION: V a lu e s o f c o r r e c t l y I n s t a l l e d p lu m b in g . 1 . MORE CQNYEHIENCES: Im p ro p e r p lu m b in g m eans r o u g h i n g - i t . 2 . LOWER UTILITY B ILLS: Good p lu m b in g m ean s no l e a k y g a s o r w a t e r p i p e s . B. DIRECTIONS: T e c h n iq u e s f o r home p lu m b e r s . 1 . How t o buy t h e c o r r e c t ty p e o f p i p e . a . C o n s u lt t h e l o c a l w a t e r d e p a r tm e n t f o r in fo r m a t i o n r e g a r d i n g m a t e r i a l o f p i p e t o u s e i n y o u r a r e a . ( T h is w i l l d e p e n d upon t h e s o i l c o n d i t i o n . ) 2 . How t o c u t p i p e and t u b i n g . a . P u r c h a s e a p i p e - v i c e an d c u t t e r and a s t o c k and d i e f o r t h r e a d i n g . b . C ut g a l v a n i z e d p i p e p r o p e r l y an d i t c a u s e s no t r o u b l e . c . Cut and t h r e a d b r a s s p i p e w i t h c a r e a s you w o u ld g a l v a n i z e d p i p e . d . B u ild a s im p le wood j i g an d u s e a h a c k saw i f you a r e u s i n g c o p p e r t u b i n g . e . C ut c a s t i r o n s o i l p ip e w i t h a c o ld c h i s e l a lo n g a s c o r e d l i n e . 66 (1 ) Make j o i n t s u s i n g oakum p a c k in g , p a c k e d w i t h a c a u l k in g i r o n . (2 ) P o u r h o t l e a d i n n e x t a n d p a c k . 3 . How t o make s o l d e r j o i n t s . a . C le a n t h e j o i n i n g p a r t s c o m p l e t e ly . b . U se a f l u x on b o th t h e f i t t i n g a n d th e t u b i n g , e . H e a t t h e j o i n t w i t h a t o r c h u n t i l t h e f l u x b o i l s . d . A p p ly s o l d e r t o t h e j o i n t . 4 . How t o m ake f l a r e j o i n t s . a . Use e x tre m e c a r e n o t t o s p l i t f l a n g e . b . Buy o r b o rro w a f l a r i n g t o o l an d a m onkey w re n c h , a n d u s e them t o make t h e j o i n t s . 5 . How to i n s t a l l t h e w a t e r t a n k . a . Buy a l a r g e enough w a t e r ta n k t o h a n d le a l l y o u r known n e e d s and a l i t t l e m o re . b . Hook up t h e ta n k to t h e o u t l e t f o l lo w in g m a n u f a c t u r e r s d i r e c t i o n s i f you i n s t a l l i t y o u r s e l f . e . A sk t h e company fro m whom y o u buy t h e t a n k , i f i t s new , t o hook i t up f o r y o u . (T h e re i s no c h a rg e f o r t h i s s e r v i c e .) 6 . How t o make t h e s e w e r. a . E x te n d th e c a s t i r o n s o i l p ip e a t l e a s t f i v e f e e t b ey o n d t h e h o u s e . b . From f i v e f e e t t o t h e ta n k a c h e a p e r c l a y p ip e i s a l r i g h t . c . I n s t a l l a c o p p e r w a s h e r i n e a c h j o i n t . d . The c i t y o r c o u n ty w i l l h o o k up f o r y o u i f you a r e c o n n e c ti n g t o a m ain d i s p o s a l l i n e . 7 . How t o b u i l d t h e n e c e s s a r y w e l l s . a . L in e y o u r w e l l w i t h r o c k s o r c o n c r e t e b lo c k s i f you d i g t h e w e l l . b . H i r e t h e w ork d one i f you d r i v e a w e l l a s i t r e q u i r e s s p e c i a l e q u ip m e n t. 8 . Where t o go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . a . R e s e rv e s h e l f : 2 : 6 5 , 7 2 , 2 4 1 ; 4 :1 2 1 , 148 , 1 5 1 , 1 5 2 , 1 6 3 , 3 9 1 ; 1 6 :1 9 2 - 1 9 9 ; 2 2 :4 1 5 , 4 2 8 , 5 0 8 ; 2 4 : 2 2 - 2 5 . C. ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENT: P ro je c t in plum bing. 1 . D ig t h e n e c e s s a r y w e l l s and i n s t a l l t h e p lu m b in g i n y o u r h o u s e . 2 . H e lp t h e s t u d e n t s i n y o u r c l a s s d i g t h e n e c e s s a r y w e l l s a n d i n s t a l l t h e p lu m b in g i n t h e c l a s s p r o j e c t h o u s e . D. EVALUATION: L aboratory perform ances t h a t may be used f o r t h i s , th e plumbing s e c tio n . 1 . TRUE-FALSE: S a m p le s o f w ays i n w h ic h y o u r m a s te r y o f good p lu m b in g may be c h e c k e d . 68 T F a . ( ) ( ) P lu m b in g p i p e can be c u t s u c c e s s f u l l y w i t h a h a c k saw . b . ( ) ( ) B r a s s p i p e c a n n o t be t h r e a d e d e x c e p t by t h e f a c t o r y . c . ( ) ( ) C a s t i r o n s o i l p i p e s h o u ld be c u t w i t h a h a c k saw . d . ( ) ( ) You s h o u ld oakum p a c k in g f o r c o p p e r t u b i n g o n l y . e . £ ) ( ) The s o l d e r i n g i r o n h a s no p l a c e i n y o u r p lu m b in g p l a n s . f. ( ) ( ) I t i s b e t t e r t o buy a w a t e r t a n k t h a t i s to o b ig t h a n to o s m a l l . 2 . BEST ANSWER: P l a c e t h e n um ber o f t h e b e s t a n sw e r i n t h e p a r e n t h e s e s . a . ( ) When c u t t i n g c a s t i r o n s o i l p ip e you s h o u ld u s e : (1 ) A h a c k sa w . (2 ) A c o ld c h i s e l . (3 ) A s t o c k a n d d i e . (4 ) A blow t o r c h . (5 ) A k n i f e . b . ( ) To f i n d o u t w h a t k i n d o f s o i l p i p e t o u se f o r y o u r se w e r y o u s h o u ld : (1 ) C o n s u lt t h e b u i l d i n g c o m m issio n . (2 ) C o n s u lt t h e l o c a l b u i l d i n g c o n t r a c t o r s . (3 ) C o n s u lt t h e l o c a l w a t e r d e p a r t m e n t . (4 ) C o n s u lt t h e p i p e com pany. (5 ) C o n s u lt t h e n e a r e s t a r c h i t e c t . RATING SCALE: P l a c e X i n e a c h s p a c e f o r w hich you q u a l i f y . a . ( ) I n s t a l l e d a l l plum bing i n y o u r h o u s e . b. ( } A p p lie d oakum, p a c k in g t o t h e s o i l p i p e . P o u re d h o t l e a d o v e r oakum p a c k in g . C lea n ed a l l j o i n t s b e f o r e f i x i n g . A p p lie d f l u x t o b o th p a r t s o f a s o l d e r j o i n t . " ( ) E x te n d e d s o i l p ip e a t l e a s t f i v e f e e t beyond t h e h o u s e . c . ( d . ( e . ( f . CHAPTER 11 HOW TO APPLY THE EXTERIOR SIDING 70 A. MOTIVATION: G a in s t h a t a c c r u e from g o o d . s i d i n g . 1 . ESTEEM OF FRIENDS AND NEIGHBORS: You a r e ju d g ed by t h e lo o k s o f y o u r r e s i d e n c e . 2. LONG RANGE ECONOMY: Good s i d i n g c o r r e c t l y i n s t a l l e d o r a p p l i e d w i l l n o t n e ed r e p l a c i n g . B. DIRECTIONS: P r a c t i c a l s u g g e s t i o n s f o r t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f th e s i d i n g on y o u r h o u s e . 1 . How t o a p p ly s h e a t h i n g . a . A pply 1 X 6 , 1 X 8 , o r 1 X 10 i f you a r e u s in g wood s h e a t h i n g . ( L e f t o v e r b o a rd s from t h e f o u n d a t i o n f ra m in g i s s a t i s f a c t o r y . ) b. P u t s h e a t h i n g on d i a g o n a l l y o n l y . c . N a i l a t eac h i n t e r s e c t i o n w i t h a s t u d . (Use 2 8d n a i l s a t each p o i n t . ) d . F o llo w p r i n t e d i n s t r u c t i o n s from t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r i f you u se an i n s u l a t i o n s h e a t h i n g . (Not recommended a s you need a d d i t i o n a l i n s u l a t i o n i n a lm o s t e v e ry c a s e . ) 2 . How t o i n s t a l l i n s u l a t i o n . a . P l a c e r o l l , o r b l a n k e t i n s u l a t i o n betw een t h e s t u d d i n g and f a s t e n w i t h a s p e c i a l s t a p l i n g m a c h in e . (Som etim es f u r n i s h e d w i t h t h e i n s u l a t i o n . ) Use t h e n a i l i n g f l a n g e on b a t i n s u l a t i o n and n a i l t o t h e s t u d d i n g . P o u r t h e l o o s e f i l l o r g r a n u l a r ty p e i n s u l a t i o n betw een t h e s t u d d i n g . (T h is ty p e r e q u i r e s a v a p o r b a r r i e r p a p e r a g a i n s t t h e w a l l s . ) H a i l i n s u l a t i o n b o a rd d i r e c t l y t o s t u d d i n g . (Not recommended e i t h e r f o r a s h e a t h i n g o r an i n s u l a t i o n . ) Pour a l o o s e f i l l d i r e c t l y i n t o t h e h o l e s i f you u s e a c o n c r e t e b r i c k . (An i n s u l a t i o n b o a rd on t h e i n s i d e i s a l s o a d v i s a b l e i f t h e c l i m a t e i n y o u r a r e a i s c o ld i n t h e w i n t e r . ) to a p p ly wood o u t s i d e c o v e r i n g . I n s t a l l from b ottom up r e g a r d l e s s o f t h e t y p e o f wooden s i d i n g . (The ty p e you use i s n o t h in g more t h a n a m a t t e r o f t a s t e . ) F i n i s h c o r n e r s i n any o f s e v e r a l w ays. (1) C o rn e r b o a r d s . (Recommended b e c a u se t h e s i d i n g may v a r y a l i t t l e a t t h e e n d s .) (2) M e ta l c a p s , o r c o r n e r p l a t e s . ( I n d i v i d u a l cap s one r e q u i r e d f o r e a c h c o n n e c t i o n . ) (3) M ite re d j o i n t . (Not recommended, p r e c i s i o n work r e q u i r e d .) 72 e . A p ply s i d i n g even w i t h t h e to p o f t h e window f r a m i n g . 4 . How t o a p p ly s t u c c o w a ll s i d i n g . a . A pply b u i l d i n g p a p e r o v e r s h e a t h i n g . b. I n s t a l l m e t a l r e i n f o r c e m e n t l a t h e w ith f u r r i n g n a i l s . c . A pply f i r s t c o a t 5 /8 i n c h e s t h i c k o f one p a r t P o r tla n d - c e m e n t to f o u r p a r t s f i n e san d and add t e n p e r c e n t h y d r a t e d l im e . d. P u t on se co n d c o a t two days l a t e r 1 /2 i n c h t h i c k u s i n g th e same m ix tu r e a s t h e f i r s t c o a t . e . A pply th e f i n i s h c o a t one week l a t e r and use a m ix tu r e o f one p a r t cem ent t o two an d one h a l f p a r t s v e r y f i n e sand and t e n p e r c e n t h y d r a t e d l im e . f . P u t s tu c c o on m asonry w a l l s i n t h e same m anner a s wood. (You n eed no b u i l d i n g p a p e r o r m e ta l r e i n f o r c e m e n t . ) 5 . Where t o go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . a . R e se rv e s h e l f : 2 :1 1 9 -1 2 1 ; 4:211-, 325; 6 :4 2 ; 1 6 :1 2 5 , 1 9 7 -1 9 9 ; 2 4 :7 0 , 71, 86, 11 0. C. ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENT: P ro .je c t i n t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f t h e o u t s i d e s i d i n g . 1 . A pply t h e o u t s i d e s i d i n g t o y o u r h o u s e . 73 2. H elp p u t on th e s i d i n g o f t h e p r o j e c t house a t y o u r sc h o o l* D. EVALUATION: Sam ples o f e v a l u a t i o n t e c h n i q u e s t h a t may be u s e d . 1 . TRUE-FALSE: P l a c e an X i n t h e c o r r e c t sp a ce f o r t r u e o r f a l s e . T F a . ( ) ( ) W all s h e a t h i n g sh o u ld be p u t on h o r i z o n t a l l y . b. ( ) ( ) S h e a th in g s h o u ld be n a i l e d a t e a c h i n t e r s e c t i o n w ith a s t u d . c . ( ) ( ) You s h o u ld n e v e r u se 1 X 6s f o r s h e a t h i n g . d . ( ) C ) 2 X 4s a r e s a t i s f a c t o r y f o r s h e a t h i n g . e . ( ) ( ) L e f t o v e r b o a rd s from t h e b r a c i n g o f t h e f o u n d a t i o n can s a t i s f a c t o r i l y be u se d a s s h e a t h i n g . f . ( } ( ) Bat i n s u l a t i o n s h o u ld be n a i l e d d i r e c t l y t o t h e s t u d d i n g . g. ( } ( ) Loose f i l l o r g r a n u l a r i n s u l a t i o n i s n e v e r u se d s a t i s f a c t o r i l y w i t h cement b l o c k s . h . ( ) ( ) You s h o u ld i n s t a l l s i d i n g from t h e t o p o f t h e house dow nw ard.. BIST ANSWER: P l a c e t h e number o f t h e b e s t a n sw er i n t h e p a r e n t h e s e s . a . ( ) When you a r e a p p ly in g wood s i d i n g to y o u r h o u se you s h o u ld : (1) I n s t a l l from t h e t o p down. (2) I n s t a l l from t h e l e f t s i d e to t h e r i g h t . (3) I n s t a l l from t h e r i g h t s i d e t o t h e l e f t . (4) I n s t a l l from t h e b o tto m up . (5) I n s t a l l i n a d i a g o n a l m a n n e r. RATING SCALE: P l a c e an X i n each o f t h e 'sp ac es f o r w hich you q u a l i f y . a . ( ) You a p p l i e d t h e s t u c c o p a r t o f y o u r ho u se i n t h r e e c o a t s , b . ( ) You a p p l i e d t h e wood s i d i n g , i f a n y , from t h e bo ttom up. c . ( ) You u se d one in c h s h e a t h i n g b o a r d s . d. ( } You a p p l i e d t h e s h i n g l e s even w i t h th e t o p o f y o u r w indow s. e . ( ) You h av e c o m p le te ly f i n i s h e d t h e e x t e r i o r s i d i n g o f y o u r h o u s e . 75 CHAPTER 12 HOW TO BUILD THE FIREPLACE A. MOTIVATION: A d v a n ta g e s t o be h a d from a good, f i r e p l a c e . 1 . DECREASED LIKELIHOOD OF DISASTER: A w e l l c o n s t r u c t e d f i r e p l a c e i s no f i r e h a z a r d . 2 . MORE ROMANCE: Ah! a r o a r i n g f i r e i n t h e dead o f w i n t e r . 3 . MORE DIGNITY: A d e c o r a t e d m a n t e l le n d s an a i r o f d i g n i t y t o t h e e n t i r e h o u s e . B. DIRECTIONS: M ethods f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n o f a good f i r e p l a c e . 1 . How t o l a y o u t t h e b a s e . a . Lay a f o o t i n g f o r t h e f i r e p l a c e in d e p e n d e n t o f t h e house f o u n d a t i o n , b. Make t h r e e w a l l s e i g h t i n c h e s t h i c k and the f r o n t w a l l f o u r i n c h e s t h i c k . e . M o r ta r t h e j o i n t s w i t h g r e a t c a r e , d . Buy s p e c i a l f i r e p l a c e b r i c k s . 2. How t o i n s t a l l t h e ash p i t d o o r. a . P u r c h a s e a d o o r c o m p le te ly a s s e m b le d . b. M o r ta r fram e i n t o p o s i t i o n s e c u r e l y . 3 . How t o b u i l d th e chim ney w a l l . a . M o rta r c o n c r e t e b lo c k s th e same a s f o r f o u n d a t i o n w a l l s , i f you u se b l o c k s . b. Mix a one p a r t p o r t l a n d cem ent t o t h r e e p a r t s f i n e sa n d m o r t a r f o r red b r i c k s , i f you use th em . (Add t e n p e r c e n t h y d r a t e d l i m e . ) c. Wet b r i c k s o r b lo c k s b e fo r e p u t i n g them i n t o p o s i t i o n . d. Use a t h r e e e i g h t s i n c h m o r t a r j o i n t . e . Use t h e s t r u c k m o r ta r j o i n t . 4 . How t o l i n e t h e f l u e . a . L in e t h e f l u e w i t h a f i r e - c l a y l i n i n g . b. B u ild a c c o r d i n g t o t h e b u i l d i n g code o f y o u r a r e a . c . A pply a r e c t a n g u l a r r a t h e r t h a n a c i r c u l a r l i n i n g . 5 . How t o cap th e chim ney. a . B u ild t h e n e c e s s a r y s c a f f o l d i n g s o l i d . b . A pply c ap and b a s e f l a s h i n g c a r e f u l l y . (Use a f o u r i n c h o v e r l a p . ) c . S e c u re a w a t e r t i g h t c a p . (Use a w a t e r p r o o f c o n c r e t e . ) 6 . How t o b u i l d t h e h e a r t h . a . P o u r h e a r t h l e v e l w i t h t h e f l o o r . b. B u ild a c c o r d in g t o t h e l o c a l b u i l d i n g c o d e . c . I n s t a l l t h e dam per. (F o llo w t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r s i n s t r u c t i o n t o t h e l e t t e r . ) d . See F i g u r e 1 1 . H/G URE //. HEARTH. CONS TRUCT/ON 78 7 . W here to go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . a . R e s e rv e s h e l f : 4*.142, 143, 31 7 -3 2 0 , 442; 6: 17 , 26, 51, 52; 1 6 :1 1 - 2 0 , 88; 2 2 :3 9 4 ; 2 4 :2 8 , 29, 1 3 8 -1 4 2 , 2 6 0 -2 6 3 . C. ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS: P r o j e c t i n t h e b u i l d i n g o f a f i r e p l a c e . 1 . B u ild t h e f i r e p l a c e i n y o u r h o u s e . 2 . H e lp t h e o t h e r s t u d e n t s b u i l d t h e f i r e p l a c e i n t h e p r o j e c t h o u s e . D. EVALUATION: S am ples of e v a l u a t i n g t e c h n i q u e s . 1 . TRUE-EALSE: P l a c e an X i n t h e c o r r e c t sp a c e f o r t r u e o r f a l s e . T F a . C ) C ) You sh o u ld n o t u se o r d i n a r y b u i l d i n g b r i c k s f o r y o u r f i r e p l a c e . b. { ) ( ) You s h o u ld u se a m ix t u r e o f s i x p a r t s sa n d t o one p a r t cem ent f o r chim ney b r i c k m o r t a r . c . ( ) ( ) You s h o u ld l i n e t h e f l u e w i t h r e c t a n g u l a r l i n i n g . d . ( ) ( ) You s h o u ld n o t c a p t h e chim ney. e . ( ) ( ) You sh o u ld make t h e h e a r t h l e v e l w i t h t h e f l o o r . f . ( ) ( ) You s h o u ld f o llo w t h e b u i l d i n g code w i t h extrem e c a r e i n t h e m a t t e r . BEST ANSWER: P l a c e t h e number o f th e b e s t an sw er i n t h e p a r e n t h e s e s , a . ( } When l a y i n g th e f i r e p l a c e base you s h o u ld : (1) Lay a s e p a r a t e f o o t i n g f o r t h e ho use and f i r e p l a c e . (2) Lay th e f o o t i n g s a s o n e . (3) XJse t h e same f o o t i n g . (4) B u ild no f i r e p l a c e f o o t i n g . b. ( ) When you b u i l d t h e h e a r t h y ou s h o u ld : (1) Make t h e h e a r t h l e v e l w ith t h e f i n i s h e d f l o o r . (2) Make t h e h e a r t h h i g h e r by one in c h th a n th e f i n i s h e d f l o o r . (3) Make th e h e a r t h t h e same l e v e l a s t h e ro ugh f l o o r i n g . (4) Make t h e h e a r t h lo w e r t h a n t h e rough f l o o r i n g . ($) Make t h e h e a r t h a ny l e v e l t h a t p l e a s e s t h e e y e . RATING SGAEE: P l a c e a n X i n each o f t h e s p a c e s f o r w h ich you q u a l i f y . a . C ) You h a v e c o m p le te d y o u r f i r e p l a c e . b. ( ) You h a v e made t h e w a l l s e i g h t i n c h e s t h i c k e x c e p t th e f r o n t w a l l . c . ( ) You w et t h e b r i c k s b e f o r e p u t t i n g i n t o p o s i t i o n . d . ( ) You l i n e d t h e f l u e w i t h r e c t a n g u l a r l i n i n g . e . ( ) You u se d t h r e e e i g h t s m o r t a r j o i n t s . f . ( ) You made t h e h e a r t h l e v e l w ith t h e f i n i s h e d f l o o r . 80 CHAPTER 13 HOW TO INSTALL WINDOWS AND DOORS A. MOTIVATION: G o a ls w h ich may be a c h ie v e d by t h e p r o p e r i n s t a l l a t i o n of windows and d o o r s . 1 . LESS NOISE: C o r r e c t l y i n s t a l l e d windows and d o o rs do n o t r a t t l e . 2. GREATER COMPORT: P r o p e r l y s e a l e d windows and d o o rs do n o t l e t i n th e w e a th e r and m o i s t u r e . 3. REDUCTION IN PESTS: The number o f f l i e s , m o s q u ito s e t c . i n y o u r house i s re d u c e d o r e l i m i n a t e d when t h e windows and d o o rs a r e p r o p e r l y i n s t a l l e d . •B. DIRECTIONS: Key p o i n t s i n th e i n s t a l l a t i o n o f t h e windows and d o o r s . 1 . How t o a sse m b le window fra m e s . a . F i t them t o g e t h e r , i f you u se th e 'knock-down* t y p e . (1) A l l t h e p a r t s a r e c u t and you s im p ly p u t them t o g e t h e r . (2) T hese can be p u r c h a s e d a t t h e lu m b e r y a r d . b. B u ild t h e fra m e s y o u r s e l f i f p e n n ie s c o u n t. (T h is i s d e f i n i t e l y n o t recommended, due t o th e s k i l l i n v o l v e d . ) c . Buy t h e fra m e s a l r e a d y made from t h e lu m b er y a r d i f you l i k e . ( T h is i s t h e e a s y way o u t , but i t c o s t s a l i t t l e more m oney.) How t o s e a l th e j o i n t s a g a i n s t t h e w e a t h e r , a . Coat t h e p a r t s w i t h w h ite l e a d , b e f o r e f i t t i n g . How t o f i x window fram e s i n o p e n in g . a . P a i n t t h e fra m e s w i t h w h ite l e a d . b. Leave no a i r s p a c e betw een s t u d d i n g and the f r a m e . c . Check plum ness c a r e f u l l y . d . A pply an e i g h t o r t e n i n c h w ide s t r i p o f b u i l d i n g p a p e r betw een th e fram e and t h e s tu d d in g and l e t i t l a p o v e r t h e s h e a t h i n g . e . N a i l t h e fram e i n p l a c e w i t h 8d n a i l s . (Be s u r e t o s i n k t h e n a i l h e a d s b e n e a th th e s u r f a c e o f t h e wood t o a v o id ja m in g .) How to i n s t a l l t h e window s a s h . a . Buy s a s h e s w ith th e g l a s s a l r e a d y i n s t a l l e d i f you l i k e , and sim p ly p u t them i n p l a c e . (T hese can be p u r c h a s e d a t y o u r lum ber y a r d . ) b. Buy t h e p a r t s and p u t t h e g l a s s i n y o u r s e l f , i f p e n n ie s c o u n t. (1) Buy t h e g l a s s one s i x t e e n t h o f an i n c h s m a l l e r th a n t h e o p e n in g w h ere i t i s t o be p l a c e d . (2) Buy A o r B g r a d e g l a s s . (3 ) P a i n t th e e n t i r e s a s h b e f o r e i n s t a l l i n g t h e g l a s s . (4) A p ply a t h i n c o a t o f p u t t y and s e t t h e g l a s s g e n t l y i n t o p l a c e . (5) I n s t a l l g l a z i e r p o i n t s . (Use f i v e on each s i d e . ) (6) A pply a t r i a n g u l a r s t r i p o f p u t t y a l l a ro u n d t h e e d g e. (7) A llow th e p u t t y to d ry f o r two d a y s b e f o r e p a i n t i n g . How t o i n s t a l l t h e d o o r s i l l . a . E x te n d th e s i l l above t h e f l o o r i n g , i f you use hardw ood f o r y o u r f l o o r s , th e d i s t a n c e o f th e t h i c k n e s s o f th e hardw ood. b. Make t h e s i l l f l u s h w i t h th e s u r f a c e o f th e f l o o r i f you use some m a t e r i a l su c h a s l in o l e u m . How t o i n s t a l l t h e d o o r f ra m e s . a . I n s t a l l i n t h e same m anner t h a t you i n s t a l l e d th e window a s f a r a s p r e c a u t i o n i s c o n c e rn e d . b. P ack i n i n s u l a t i o n betw een t h e fram e and th e s t u d d i n g . c . Hang d o o rs l a s t . (They w i l l v e r y l i k e l y be damaged i f hung a t t h i s p o i n t . ) Where to go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . a . R e se rv e s h e l f : 2 : 2 8 , 40, 6 3 , 6 7 , 1 4 3 -1 6 0 , 177, 184, 21 2 -2 4 1 ; 4 :2 4 7 - 2 5 4 , 394, 440; 6 :1 7 , 20, 3 0 -4 0 , 46, 6 3 , 7 5 ; 1 5 :4 5 - 8 7 , 1 0 1 -1 7 0 ; 1 6 :1 1 3 - 117; 2 0 :4 0 - 4 2 ; 2 2 :2 3 2 -3 8 2 ; 2 4 :8 3 - 8 7 , 2 4 4 -2 4 6 . C. ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS: Some l e a r n i n g e x p e r i e n c e s i n t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n o f d o o rs and w in d o w s. 1 . I n s t a l l th e d o o rs and windows i n y o u r h o u s e . 2 . H elp t h e s t u d e n t s i n y o u r c l a s s w i t h th e d o o r and window work on t h e c l a s s p r o j e c t h o u s e . D. EVALUATION: Sam ples o f e v a l u a t i o n i n s t r u m e n t s t h a t may be u se d to check y o u r a b i l i t y t o p r o p e r l y i n s t a l l d o o rs and w indo w s. 1 . TRUE-FALSE: P l a c e an I i n t h e c o r r e c t s p a c e f o r t r u e o r f a l s e . T F a . ( ) ( ) You s h o u ld b u i l d t h e window fra m e s y o u r s e l f from t h e g ro u n d up . b. ( ) ( ) You s h o u ld c o a t th e window p a r t s w i t h w h ite l e a d b e f o r e i n s t a l l i n g . c . ( } ( ) You s h o u ld buy t h e window s a s h e s a l r e a d y m ade. d. ( ) ( ) I t i s w is e f o r y ou t o p u t t h e g l a s s i n t h e windows y o u r s e l f . e . ( ) When buy ing g l a s s you s h o u ld buy i t t h e e x a c t s i z e a s t h e o p e n in g f o r i t . f . ( ) A o r B g ra d e g l a s s i s n o t s a t i s f a c t o r y f o r o r d i n a r y use i n t h e h o u se . BEST ANSW ER: P lace th e number of th e b e st answer in th e p a re n th e se s. a . ( ) When i n s t a l l i n g t h e d o o r s i l l yo u sh o u ld : (1) I n s t a l l th e s i l l f l u s h w i t h th e f i n i s h e d f l o o r i n g . (2) E x te n d th e s i l l above t h e f i n i s h e d f l o o r i n g . (3) E x te n d th e s i l l below t h e ro u g h f l o o r i n g . (4) E x te n d th e s i l l below t h e f i n i s h e d f l o o r i n g . b . ( } When b u y in g windows you s h o u ld : (1) Buy t h e window i n t a c t . (2) Buy t h e p a r t s s e p a r a t e and a s s e m b le th e e n t i r e s t r u c t u r e . (3) Buy th e fram e s a l r e a d y made and i n s t a l l t h e g l a s s y o u r s e l f . (4) Buy one window co m p lete u s e a s p a t t e r n and b u i l d t h e r e s t y o u r s e l f . RATING SCALE: P lace an X in each of th e spaces fo r which you q u a lify . a . ( ) You hav e i n s t a l l e d a l l y o u r w indow s. b . C ) C o a te d e a c h s a s h w i t h w h i t e l e a d b e f o r e i n s t a l l i n g . c . ( ) I n s t a l l e d g l a z i e r p o i n t s i n a l l s i d e s o f w indo w s. S e t t h e s i l l above th e f l o o r . P acked i n i n s u l a t i o n u n d e r th e d o o r fram e S to r e d t h e d o o rs i n a s a f e p l a c e , i f you have them on h a n d . 86 CHAPTER 14 HOW TO INSTALL THE WIRING A. MOTIVATION: Rewards t h a t come from h a v i n g t h e w i r i n g c o r r e c t l y i n s t a l l e d . 1 . REDUCED LIKELIHOOD OF A FIRE: F a u l t y w i r i n g i s t h e c a u se o f many h o u s e s b u rn in g t o t h e g ro u n d . 2 . BETTER VISION: As a r e s u l t o f p l e n t y o f l i g h t when and w here y ou n eed i t . 3 . LESS INTERRUPTIONS: Fewer t r i p s t o t h e f u s e box o r c i r c u i t b r e a k e r . B. DIRECTIONS: Key p o i n t s r e g a r d i n g t h e w i r i n g o f y o u r h o u s e . 1 . How t o i n s t a l l t h e r i g i d c o n d u i t . a . Cut t h e t u b in g t o t h e s i z e d e s i r e d . (1) I t i s p u r c h a s e d i n 10 f t . l e n g t h s . (2) T ubing can be c u t w ith h a ck sa w . b. Remove b u r r s . (Use an o r d i n a r y m e t a l f i l e . ) c . T hread t u b i n g . (1) You w i l l n e ed s p e c i a l c u t t i n g d i e s a v a i l a b l e a t t h e h a rd w a re s t o r e . (2) Do n o t t r y to t h r e a d t h e t u b in g w i t h th e d i e s you u se d f o r p lu m b in g . (T hese plumb i n g d i e s a re t a p e r e d . ) d . Bend t u b i n g w here n e c e s s a r y . (Buy o r borrow an i n e x p e n s i v e c o n d u it b e n d e r f o r t h i s p u r p o s e . ) e . I n s t a l l th e t u b e . (F o r s u p p o r t u se p i p e s t r a p s e v e r y f i v e f e e t . ) ' f . Run t h e wiYes th ro u g h th e t u b i n g . (You w i l l n eed an i n e x p e n s i v e f i s h ta p e f o r t h i s o p e r a t i o n . ) How to a p p ly arm ored c a b l e . (T h is i s c h e a p e r th a n t h e r i g i d ty p e e x p la in e d a b o v e, b u t w i l l n o t s a t i s f y a l l b u i l d i n g codes w h e re a s t h e r i g i d t u b in g w i l l .) a . Cut f i v e e i g h t h s h o l e s i n th e s t u d d i n g and j o i s t s w here n e c e s s a r y f o r th e p a t h o f t h e e l e c t r i c c i r c u i t . (1) D r i l l th e h o l e s i n th e a p p ro x im a te c e n t e r o f th e b o a rd . (2) D r i l l t h e h o l e s a t a s l i g h t a n g l e . b. Cut c a b le where n e c e s s a r y w i t h a h a ck sa w . (1) Make th e c u t a t a s l i g h t a n g l e . (2 ) Make c e r t a i n you do n o t damage t h e w i r e s . c . Run th e c a b l e t h r o u g h th e h o l e s . d . S t a p l e th e c a b le to t h e j o i s t o r s t u d d i n g . (1 ) S t a p l e e v e ry f o u r f e e t minimum. (2 ) S t a p l e n o t m ore th a n one f o o t from each o u t l e t . (3) T here i s a s p e c i a l s t a p l e m ach in e a v a i l a b l e f o r t h i s o p e r a t i o n i f you w ish t o u se i t . e . P l a c e a n t i - s h o r t b u sh in g on th e e n d s. f . I n s t a l l c o n n e c tio n s and f a s t e n t o t h e o u t l e t box. (T hese a r e s p e c i a l f i t t i n g s , f o l lo w t h e i n s t r u c t i o n s h e e t t h a t comes w i t h each one and s e c u r e a good m e c h a n ic a l a s w e l l a s e l e c t r i e a l c o n n e c t i o n .) How t o i n s t a l l n o n m e t a l l i e c a b l e . (T h is c a b l e i s c h e a p e r th a n e i t h e r of t h e o t h e r two b u t i s n o t reco m m en d ed .) a . I n s t a l l a s you would i n s t a l l arm ored c a b l e . (1 ) S u p p o rt w i t h m e t a l s t r a p s r a t h e r th a n s t a p l e s . (2) M ost b u i l d i n g c o d es w i l l n o t p e r m i t t h i s ty p e c a b l e . (3) Do n o t u se i n damp p l a c e s o r u n d e r t h e gro und l i n e r e g a r d l e s s o f th e b u i l d i n g code i n y o u r a r e a . b. F a s t e n t o o u t l e t box. f l ) Use a s p e c i a l f i t t i n g a v a i l a b l e a t any e l e c t r i c a l s t o r e . (2) F a s te n t h e t h i r d ( n o n i n s u l a t e d ) w ir e t o t h e o u t l e t box i f y o u r b u i l d i n g code r e q u i r e s t h e t h r e e w i r e ty p e w i r i n g . How t o o b t a i n t h e c o r r e c t s i z e w i r e . a . Buy No. 14 w ir e f o r g e n e r a l p u rp o se c i r c u i t . (1) F o r l i g h t s , r a d i o s , e t c . (2) U n le s s you use a c i r c u i t b r e a k e r , p u t a 15 amp. f u s e i n t h e c i r c u i t . (3) Maximum s a f e t y lo a d h e r e i s 1725 w a t t s . b. P u rc h a s e No. 12 w ir e f o r a p p l i a n c e c i r e u i t . (1) F o r k i t c h e n and w o rk sh o p . (2) C onnect a 20 amp. f u s e i n t h i s c i r c u i t u n l e s s you a re u s i n g a c i r e u i t b r e a k e r . (3) Maximum s a f e l o a d h e r e i s 2300 w a t t s . c . I n s t a l l No. 6 w ir e f o r e l e c t r i c s t o v e , (1) T h is r e q u i r e s a s p e c i a l t h r e e way 220 v o l t e i r c u i t . (2) T here a re on th e m a rk e t 110 v o l t s t o v e s , but t h e s e a r e n o t recom m ended. d . Buy No. 4 w ir e f o r s e r v i c e w i r e s . How t o a t t a c h e n t r a n c e w i r e s t o t h e h o u s e . a . L o c a te t h e p o s i t i o n of t h e s e r v i c e w ire e n t r a n c e . (1) T h is p o s i t i o n w i l l be d e te r m in e d by t h e l o c a t i o n o f th e power l i n e s i n y o u r a r e a . £2) C o n s u lt th e l o c a l power company f o r t h i s p o s i t i o n . b. I n s t a l l t h e m e te r o u t s i d e t h e h o u se i f p o s s i b l e . (E n c lo s e m e t e r i n some k i n d o f a box t o keep i d l e h a n d s and t h e w e a t h e r o f f o f i t . ) 90 c . I n s t a l l s e r v i c e i n s u l a t o r s on th e o u t s i d e o f t h e h o u s e . (1) T hese s e r v e a s a b a se f o r th e power l i n e s r u n n in g i n t o th e h o u se . (2) P l a c e s i x i n c h e s a p a r t and f a s t e n s o l i d l y t o t h e h o u s e . d . Run t h e w i r e s i n t o t h e h o u se th r o u g h a c o n d u it o r by s p e c i a l s e r v i c e e n t r a n c e c a b l e . e . I n s t a l l s p e c i a l f i t t i n g s . (T h ese a re m o is tu r e f r e e , come i n many v a r i e t i e s and depend upon th e m ethod you u se t o b r i n g t h e s e r v i c e w ires' i n t o t h e h o u s e . ) 6 . How t o p l a c e m e t e r s . a . Buy a p u l l o u t ty p e o f m ain s w itc h box. (1) L o c a te w here i t i s r e a d i l y a c c e s s i b l e . ( I n t h e b asem ent i f you have o n e .) (2) W ith t h i s ty p e box you n e e d no e l e c t r i c i a n t o i n s t a l l i t f o r you . b. Run w i r e s from m e t e r t o s w itc h box, o r c i r c u i t b r e a k e r . c . I n s t a l l p r o p e r f u s e s . 7 . How to i n s t a l l th e o u t l e t b o x e s. a . Make s p l i c e s o f w i r i n g ONLY i n o u t l e t b o x e s. b. P u r c h a s e b o x es w i t h clam ps a t t a c h e d . c . I n s t a l l m e ta l s t r i p s b etw een s t u d d i n g f o r base to a t t a c h t h e o u t l e t boxes t o , d . Hook up t h e w i r e s a ro u n d t h e t e r m i n a l screw i n t h e d i r e c t i o n o f t h e t u r n o f t h e sc re w . 8 . How t o a t t a c h s w i t c h e s . a . I n s t a l l p u l l c h a in s w itc h e s i n c l o s e t s and b a s e m e n ts . b. Buy t o g g l e s w it c h f o r th e room s. ( B u tto n s w it c h e s n o t recom m ended.) c . A t t a c h w i r e s t o s w ite h d i r e c t l y from t h e o u t l e t box. d . F a s t e n t h e s w i t c h on to p o f t h e o u t l e t box by t h e f l a n g e s p r o v id e d f o r t h e p u r p o s e . e. Screw in t h e c o v e r p l a t e . (T hese c o v e r p l a t e s come i n many s i z e s and c o l o r s and s e r v e o n ly a d e c o r a t i v e p u r p o s e . ) 9 . Where t o go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . a . R e se rv e s h e l f : 2 : 7 3 , 13 6, 14 1, 154; 4 :4 0 7 , 446; 1 6 :3 1 0 ; 2 2 :4 4 2 , 508; 2 4 :2 0 7 , 263. C. ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS: P r o j e c t i n w ire i n s t a l l a t i o n . 1 . I n s t a l l t h e w i r i n g i n y o u r h o u s e . 2 . H e lp t h e o t h e r s t u d e n t s i n y o u r c l a s s i n s t a l l t h e w i r i n g i n t h e c l a s s p r o j e c t h o u s e . D. EVALUATION: Sam ples o f some e v a l u a t i o n t e c h n i q u e s . 1 . TRUE-FALSE: P l a c e an X i n t h e c o r r e c t s p a c e f o r t r u e o r f a l s e . T F a . ( ' ) . ( ) I t i s n o t n e c e s s a r y t o c o n s u l t t h e l o c a l b u i l d i n g code i n r e g a r d to th e i n s t a l l a t i o n o f th e ’ w ir in g i n y o u r h o u s e . b . ( ) ( ) R i g id c o n d u it i s n o t s a t i s f a c t o r y f o r s m a ll h o u s e s . c . ( ) ( ) N o n m e ta llic c a b l e i s b e t t e r th a n arm ored c a b l e f o r any g i v e n u s e . d . ( ) ( ) The b u i l d i n g cod es w i l l n e v e r a c c e p t an arm ored c a b l e . e . ( ) ( ) You s h o u ld c o n s u l t th e e l e c t r i c power a u t h o r i t y i n your n e ig h b o rh o o d t o f i n d o u t w here t o p u t t h e m ain s w it c h i n y o u r h o u s e . f . ( ) ( ) I t i s b e s t t o h av e th e m e t e r i n s i d e th e h o u s e . BEST ANSWER: P l a c e th e num ber o f t h e b e s t a n sw e r i n t h e p a r e n t h e s e s . a . ( ) The e l e c t r i c s to v e s h o u ld have w ir e s i z e : (1) No. 2 . (2) No. 3- (3) No. 6 . (4) No. 1 2 . (5) No. 1 . b . ( } When i n s t a l l i n g t h e m e t e r i n y o u r h o u se i t i s b e s t t o i n s t a l l i t : (1) I n t h e k i t c h e n . (2) I n t h e h a l l . (3 ) I n t h e u t i l i t y room. (4) On- t h e back p o r c h . (5) J u s t o u t s i d e t h e h o u s e . RATING SCALE: P l a c e an X i n each o f th e s p a c e s f o r w hich you q u a l i f y . a . ( ) You h a v e co m p lete d t h e w i r i n g of y o u r h o u s e . b . ( ) You h av e l o c a t e d t h e m e te r o u t s i d e . c . ( ) You i n s t a l l e d p u l l c h a in s w it c h e s i n t h e d a r k room s. d . ( ) You i n s t a l l e d no p u sh b u t t o n s w i t c h e s . e . ( ) You b u i l t a c o v e r p r o t e c t o r f o r the m e te r f . ( ) You i n s t a l l e d t o g g l e s w it c h e s f o r t h e ro o m s. CHAPTER 15 HOW TO INSTALL THE HEATING SYSTEM A. MOTIVATION: R ew ards t h a t come fro m h a v in g a good h e a t in g sy s te m c o r r e c t l y i n s t a l l e d . 1 . LESS COEDS: U n h e a te d rooms b re e d c o l d s . 2 .. GREATER COMFORT: A c o r r e c t l y i n s t a l l e d h e a t i n g system k e e p s rooms c o r r e c t l y h e a t e d a t a l l t i m e s . 3. CLEANER HOUSE: I n c o r r e c t l y i n s t a l l e d h e a t e r s may sm uge-up t h e w a l l s . B. DIRECTIONS: H i n t s f o r i n s t a l l a t i o n o f t h e h e a t i n g s y s te m . 1 . How t o s e t up a warm a i r f u r n a c e . a . Make a h o l e i n t h e f l o o r f o r th e r e g i s t e r . b. S e t f u r n a c e i n p l a c e . c . A t t a c h u n i t t o g a s l i n e o r o t h e r f u e l l i n e . d . T hink b e f o r e you i n s t a l l t h i s t y p e . ( I t i s a l r i g h t f o r s m a ll homes i n warm c l i m a t e s . ) 2 . How to i n s t a l l a g r a v i t y w a r m - a ir s y s te m . a . Make h o l e i n t h e f l o o r f o r t h e f u r n a c e u n i t * t o be p l a c e d . b . I n s t a l l t h e m e t a l d u c t s t o eac h room o f t h e h o u s e . (C o ld and h o t a i r ) c . A t t a c h u n i t t o f u e l s u p p ly . d . Buy t h i s ty p e i n p r e f e r e n c e t o t h e a b o v e. How t o i n s t a l l a f o r c e d w a r m - a ir s y s te m . a . B u ild f u r n a c e s e a t . b. P l a c e f u r n a c e i n p o s i t i o n . c . I n s t a l l t h e d u c t s . d . Hook up t h e e l e c t r i c b lo w e r. e . I n s t a l l t h i s sy ste m f o r b e s t a l l a ro u n d p e r f o r m a n c e . How t o p u t i n r a d i a n t h e a t i n g . ( T h is i s f o r h o u se s w ith s l a b f l o o r s o n ly , and m u st be done b e f o r e th e f l o o r i s c o m p le te d .) a . W ire t h e h e a t i n g p a n e l s down t o t h e m e t a l r e i n f o rc e m e n t b e f o r e p o u r in g t h e to p s l a b . b. P ou r a t l e a s t t h r e e i n c h e s o f c o n c r e t e o v e r th e p a n e l s . c . Space t h e t u b i n g n i n e i n c h e s a p a r t i f you u s e one h a l f i n c h t u b i n g . d . Space t h e tu b in g one f o o t a p a r t i f you u se e i t h e r t h r e e q u a r t e r i n c h o r one i n c h t u b i n g . e . H an d le t h e t u b i n g w i t h c a r e and t r y t o have i t p e r f e c t l y f l a t . f . S o l d e r j o i n t s a t a l l p o i n t s . g . T e s t c o m p le te d p a n e l i n g and s e e t h a t i t i s t i g h t . h . Have a p lu m b e r o r h e a t i n g e x p e r t come t o th e h o u se and t e s t t h e f i n a l jo b f o r p r e s s u r e 96 * l e a k s up t o two h u n d red pounds p e r s q u a r e i n c h , i . I n s t a l l t h e b o i l e r . (9 6 ,0 0 0 BTU recommended) (1) P u t t h e b o i l e r i n t o p o s i t i o n b e f o r e a p p ly in g t h e f i n i s h t o t h e w a l l s i n s i d e . (2) A t t a c h d r a i n and s to p and w a s te v a l v e s . (3) Bo n o t f i n i s h th e jo b w i t h o u t c o n s u l t i n g an e x p e r t i n t h e f i e l d t o s e e t h a t y ou h a v e p r o p e r l y i n s t a l l e d t h e s y s te m . 5. Where t o go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . a . R e s e rv e s h e l f : 2:79> SO, 122, 153, 17 1, 2 3 7 , 241; 4 :3 9 0 , 440; 6 :1 3 ; 1 6 :1 0 $ ; 2 4 :1 9 8 -2 0 3 , 26$. 0 . ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENT: P r o j e c t i n h e a t i n g s y s te m i n s t a l l a t i o n . 1 . I n s t a l l t h e h e a t i n g sy s te m i n y o u r h o u se . 2. H e lp t h e o t h e r s t u d e n t s o f y o u r c l a s s i n s t a l l th e h e a t i n g sy ste m i n t h e c l a s s p r o j e c t h o u se . D. EVALUATION: Sample e v a l u a t i o n i n s t r u m e n t s f o r c h e c k in g a b i l i t y i n t h i s s e c t i o n . 1 . TRUE-FALSE: P l a c e an X i n t h e c o r r e c t s p a c e f o r t r u e o r f a l s e . T F a . ( ) ( ) R a d ia n t h e a t i n g i s t h e b e s t h e a t i n g sy ste m you can i n s t a l l f o r hardwood f l o o r s . b. { ) ( ) You s h o u ld c a l l i n an e x p e r ie n c e d plu m b er to i n s p e c t y o u r f i n a l job o f p lu m b in g . c . ( ) ( ) I n r a d i a n t h e a t i n g you s h o u ld sp a c e t h e t u b i n g a b o u t n in e i n c h e s a p a r t . BEST ANSWER: P l a c e t h e num ber o f t h e b e s t answ er i n th e p a r e n t h e s e s . a . ( ) When p o u r in g c o n c r e t e o v e r t h e h e a t i n g t u b e s , you sh o u ld : (1 ) P o u r th e c o n c r e t e s i x i n c h e s t h i c k . (2) P o u r th e c o n c r e te one i n c h o v e r t h e t u b e s . (3) P o u r t h e c o n c r e t e t h r e e i n c h e s o v e r th e t u b e s . (4) P o u r th e c o n c r e t e tw e lv e i n c h e s over t h e c o n c r e t e . RATING- SCALE: P l a c e an X i n e a c h o f t h e s p a c e s f o r w hich you q u a l i f y . a . ( ) You h av e i n s t a l l e d c o m p le te ly y o u r h e a t i n g s y s te m . b. ( ) You have used t h e b u i l d i n g code a s a l a s t w ord. c . ( ) You h a v e p o u re d t h r e e i n c h e s o f c o n c r e t e o v e r th e r a d i a n t h e a t i n g t u b e s , i f you h av e a s l a b f l o o r . 98 d. ( ) You hav e c a l l e d a good e x p e r i e n c e d plum ber t o check y o u r f i n a l i n s t a l l a t i o n . 99 CHAPTER 16 HOW TO APPLY INTERIOR WALL FINISH A. MOTIVATION: R e s u l t s o f w e l l b u i l t w a l l s . 1 . REDUCTION OF HOUSE WORK: Smooth f i n i s h work l e a v e s no c r a c k s w here d i r t can c o l l e c t . 2. CHEERFUL HOUSEHOLD: P l e a s a n t s u r r o u n d i n g s t e n d t o im p re s s th e o c c u p a n ts . 3 . EASE OF DECORATION: P a i n t i n g and w a l l p a p e r i n g made e a s y i f t h e w a l l s a r e sm ooth. B. DIRECTIONS: M ethods o f i n s t a l l i n g t h e i n t e r i o r w a l l f i n i s h . 1 . How t o i n s t a l l t h e p l a s t e r b a s e . a . N a i l b o a rd l a t h h o r i z o n t a l l y t o s t u d d i n g and c e i l i n g j o i s t s . (1) T h is ty p e i s n o t recommended u n l e s s p e n n ie s a r e i m p o r t a n t . (2) Wood l a t h i s p u r c h a s e d i n b u n d le s o f 100 e a c h . (3) The l a t h comes i n one and one h a l f i n c h w i d t h s and f o r t y e i g h t i n c h e s lo n g . b. N a i l p l a s t e r b o a r d to s t u d d i n g l o n g s i d e u p. (1) T h is b a s e h a s a p l a s t e r c o re and i s f i r e r e s i s t a n t . (2) I s s o ld i n s h e e t s from 1 6 ” X 32” and u p . c . N a i l m e t a l l a t h to t h e s t u d d i n g s h o r t s i d e up. (1 ) Comes i n s h e e t s 27" X 96” . (2) Leave t h r e e e i g h t h s i n c h s p a c e betw een each s h e e t • (3) Use 3d n a i l s . (4) Do n o t a llo w ends t o go u n s u p p o r te d . How t o p l a s t e r t h e w a l l s and c e i l i n g s . a . A pp ly th e s c r a t c h c o a t . Cl) U se a m ix tu r e o f two p a r t s s h a r p sand and one p a r t gypsum p l a s t e r . (2) Do n o t buy r e a d y m ixed f o r t h e f i r s t two c o a t s . (3) A pply w i t h f o r c e t o p u sh t h e p l a s t e r th r o u g h th e h o l e s i n t h e l a t h . (4) Cover t o a d e p th o f one f o u r t h i n c h . (3) S c o re th e p l a s t e r . b. A pply th e brown c o a t . (1) P u t t h i s c o a t on a f t e r th e f i r s t c o a t h a s h a r d e n e d . (2) A pply w i t h enough f o r c e t o f o r c e t h e p l a s t e r i n t o t h e s c o re d l i n e s o f t h e f i r s t c o a t . (3) B u ild t o d e s i r e d t h i c k n e s s . c . A pply t h e f i n i s h c o a t . (1) Buy f i n i s h c o a t p l a s t e r i n re a d y -m ix e d 101 pa c k a g e s . (2) A pply s e v e r a l t h i n l a y e r s . (3) T row el th e f i n i s h i f you a re g o in g t o u s e w a l l p a p e r . 3. How t o a p p ly d r y w a l l m a t e r i a l s . a . N a i l gypsum p l a s t e r b o a rd i n t o p l a c e u n i f o r m l y . (1) A v a i l a b l e i n s h e e t s t h a t a re f o u r f e e t w id e and from s i x t o tw e lv e f e e t lo n g . (2) F o rc e sw e e d is h p u t t y i n t o t h e j o i n t s w here th e s h e e t s come t o g e t h e r . (3) May be p u t on c u rv e d s u r f a c e s by s c o r i n g t h e b a c k . (4) Cover i n t e r s e c t i o n s w i t h c l o t h t a p e . (5) P u t t y t o f l u s h n e s s and sand t o f i n i s h . b. N a i l w a l l b o a rd t o s t u d d i n g . (1) A v a i l a b l e i n s i z e s 4* x 1 2 f . (2) Do n o t use i n bathroom o r k i t c h e n . (3) T r e a t j o i n t s i n th e same m anner a s p l a s t e r b o a rd . c. N a i l c o m p o s itio n b o a rd t o s t u d d i n g . (1) S t a n d a r d s i z e i s 4 f X 1 2 ’ . (2) I d e a l f o r b ath ro om and k i t c h e n . d. A pply plywood w i t h g l u e and n a i l s . (1) S t a n d a r d s i z e i s 4 1 X S ' . (2) Use any j o i n t . (B u tt j o i n t i s recom m ended.) U N lvE R SiT * OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 102 e . N a i l a s b e s t o s b o a rd w i t h c a r e d i r e c t l y t o t h e s t u d s o r j o i s t s . (1) The s t a n d a r d s i z e i s 4* X 8 * . (2) May be u se d f o r e x t e r i o r work a l s o . 4 . Where t o go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . a . R e s e rv e s h e l f : 4 : 8 3 - 3 6 , 259, 262, 334, 337, 42 4, 4 6 6; 6 :2 0 , 3 0 , 42; 1 6 :1 0 3 ; 2 2 :1 0 0 , 144, 412; 2 3 :1 3 1 -1 3 6 , 2 1 8 -2 2 1 . 0 . ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS: P r o j e c t s i n t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f i n t e r i o r w a l l f i n i s h . 1 . A ppl 3 r t h e i n t e r i o r w a ll f i n i s h t o y o u r h o u se . 2 . H e lp t h e o t h e r s t u d e n t s i n t h e c l a s s p l a s t e r t h e w a l l s o f t h e c l a s s p r o j e c t h o u s e . 3. H e lp t h e o t h e r s t u d e n t s a p p ly t h e d r y f i n i s h t o t h e c e i l i n g o f t h e p r o j e c t h o u s e . D. EVALUATION: M ethods o f e v a l u a t i o n i n t h i s s e c t i o n . 1 . TRUE-FALSE: P l a c e an X i n th e c o r r e c t sp a c e f o r t r u e o r f a l s e . T F a . ( ) ( ) I f you use wood l a t h you sh o u ld n a i l i t to t h e s t u d d i n g h o r i z o n t a l l y . b. ( ) f ) You s h o u ld u se wood l a t h i f i t i s a t a l l p o s s i b l e , e . ( ) C ) You s h o u ld n a i l p l a s t e r b o a r d d i r e c t l y t o t h e s t u d d i n g . d . ( ) ( ) You s h o u ld n a i l m e t a l l a t h t o t h e s t u d d i n g s h o r t s i d e u p . e . ( ) ( ) You s h o u ld a p p ly p l a s t e r i n t h r e e c o u r s e s . f . ( ) ( ) You s h o u ld make the brown c o a t o f p l a s t e r 1" t h i c k . BEST ANSWER: P l a c e t h e number o f th e b e s t a n sw e r i n t h e p a r e n t h e s e s . a . ( ) When p l a s t e r i n g y o u r w a l l s you s h o u ld : ( l ) A p p ly t h e brown c o a t f i r s t . (2) A pply a 2 i n c h c o a t f i r s t . (3) A pp ly a s c r a t c h c o a t f i r s t . (4) A pply a l l a t o n c e . b. ( ) When a p p ly i n g gypsum b o a rd you s h o u ld : (1) G lue i n t o p o s i t i o n d i r e c t l y t o s t u d s . (2) N a i l i n t o p o s i t i o n d i r e c t l y t o s t u d s . (3) G lue o v e r a wooden s h e a t h i n g . (4) N a i l o v e r wooden s h e a t h i n g . RATING SCALE: P l a c e a n X i n th e s p a c e s f o r w hich you q u a l i f y . a . ( ) You h a v e i n s t a l l e d a l l y o u r i n t e r i o r f i n i s h . b. ( ) You a p p l i e d t h e t h r e e c o a t s o f p l a s t e r to y o u r w a l l , i f you use p l a s t e r . c . ( ) You have used th e l o c a l b u i l d i n g code a s a g u i d e . 104 CHAPTER 17 HOW TO BUILD THE STAIRS A. MOTIVATION: Rewards t h a t come from b u i l d i n g y o u r s t a i r s w e l l . 1 . LESS INJURIES: F a u l t y s t a i r s c au se a m a jo r p o r t i o n o f Lome a c c i d e n t s . 2. REDUCED UPKEEP; W ell b u i l t s t a i r s w i l l p r o b a b ly n e v e r n e e d r e p l a c i n g . B. DIRECTIONS: Some h e l p f u l h i n t s i n t h e b u i l d i n g o f s t a i r s . 1 . How to b u i l d t h e l a n d i n g . a . Saw 2 1 8 ? b o a rd s i n t o l e n g t h d e s i r e d . (Make d o u b le t h i c k n e s s . ) b. P o u r cem ent l a n d i n g u s i n g r o c k s i n t h e b o tto m . c . N a i l wood l a n d i n g b o a rd s t o th e 2 I b o a rd s . (The s i z e l a n d i n g b o a rd s depend upon t h e u se o f t h e l a n d i n g . ) 2. How t o make t h e s t r i n g e r s . a . Saw 2 X 12 b o a rd s to d e s i r e d l e n g t h s . (Two f o r each s e t o f s t a i r s . ) b. Cut th e t r e a d and r i s e r n o t c h e s i n t h e 2 X 1 2 . c. N a i l 1 X 12 t o s t u d d i n g , i f w a l l s t a i r s , f o r s t r i n g e r b a se m o ld in g . 3. How t o make t h e t r e a d s . a . Cut t h e t r e a d s i n t o c o r r e c t l e n g t h u s in g 2 X 12 s t o c k . b . Cut to 10 and 3 /4 i n c h e s w id e . c . Round o f f one l e n g t h e d g e. d. F i x t o s t r i n g e r s w i t h n a i l s o r g l u e . 4 . How t o make t h e r i s e r s . a . Cut d e s i r e d l e n g t h from 2 X s t o c k . b. N a i l t o s t r i n g e r s . ( f o u r n a i l s p e r r i s e r i s a l r i g h t . ) 5* How to b ra c e t h e s t a i r s . (F o r wooden s t a i r s o n l y . ) a . Cut 2 X 4 s t o c k f o r b r a c e s . (1) Cut one p i e c e e a c h f o r f l o o r t o t r e a d s u p p o r t . (2) Cut l e n g t h one i n c h below t r e a d s . b . F ix t o t h e f l o o r i n g i n t h e same m anner a s a w a l l . c . N a i l 2 X 4 s u p p o r t s t h r o u g h t h e 1 X 12 and i n t o th e 2 X 12 s t r i n g e r s . d . F i x c r o s s b r a c i n g e v e r y f i v e s t e p s . e . B u ild f i r e s t o p a s b r a c i n g . f . P o u r c o n c r e t e s t e p s , t h e r e f o r e no b ra c in g n e e d e d . 6. Where t o go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . a . R e s e rv e s h e l f : 2 :6 4 , 1 7 6 , 17 7, 247; 4 :2 9 1 - 2 9 3 , 378, 425; 6 :2 6 ; 1 6 :1 3 6 -1 3 9 ; 2 2 :2 5 3 , 397; 2 4 :1 2 8 -1 3 7 , 2 5 8 -2 6 1 . 106 C. ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS: Work t o do i n c o n j u n c t io n w it h t h i s a s s i g n m e n t . 1 . B u ild t h e s t e p s n e c e s s a r y f o r y o u r h o u s e . 2 . H e lp th e o t h e r s t u d e n t s b u i l d t h e s t e p s n e c e s s a r y f o r th e c l a s s p r o j e c t h o u s e . D. EVALUATION: Sam ples o f some t y p e s o f c h e c k -u p s t h a t may be a p p l i e d t o s t a i r b u i l d i n g . 1 . TRUE-FALSE: P l a c e an X i n t h e c o r r e c t sp a c e f o r t r u e o r f a l s e . T F a . ( ) { ) C o n c re te l a n d i n g s s h o u ld be p u r e san d and c e m e n t. b. ( ) ( ) You s h o u ld make s t r i n g e r s o u t o f 2 X 4 s . c . ( ) ( ) You s h o u ld n a i l s t r i n g e r s d i r e c t l y t o s t u d d i n g . d . ( ) ( ) You s h o u ld c u t a l l t h e t r e a d s a t o n c e . e . C ) ( 5 You s h o u ld make a l l t h e r i s e r s a t o n c e . f . ( 5 ( ) You s h o u ld n e v e r b r a c e wooden s t a i r s . 2. BEST ANSWER: P l a c e t h e num ber o f t h e b e s t a n sw er i n t h e p a r e n t h e s e s . a . [ ) When b r a c i n g t h e s t a i r s you s h o u l d : (1) Use o n ly 4 X 8 s . (2) Use 2 X 4 s . (3) Use 2 X 1 2 s . (4) Use 4 X 1 2 s . b. ( ) When b u i l d i n g t h e s t a i r s you s h o u l d : (1) I n s t a l l th e s t r i n g e r s f i r s t . (2) I n s t a l l t h e r i s e r s f i r s t . (3 ) I n s t a l l t h e t r e a d s f i r s t . (4) I n s t a l l t h e l a n d i n g f i r s t . RATING SCALE: P l a c e an X i n e a c h sp a c e f o r w h ich you a r e q u a l i f i e d . a . ( ) You have f i n i s h e d th e s t a i r s f o r y o u r h o u se . b. ( ) You c u t a l l t h e r i s e r s a t o n c e . c . { ) You c u t a l l t h e t r e a d s a t o n c e . d . ( ) You u se d t h e l o c a l b u i l d i n g code f o r a g u id e th r o u g h o u t a l l t h e b u i l d i n g . 1 0 8 CHAPTER 18 H O B S f TO BUILD FIXED FURNITURE A. MOTIVATION: A d v a n ta g e s from w e l l b u i l t f i x e d f u r n i t u r e . 1 . ECONOMY OF SPACE: Your b u i l t - i n f u r n i t u r e o c c u p ie s e x a c t s p a c e n e e d e d w h ile co m m erc ial i t e m s o f t e n c o n t a i n an e x t r a draw o r d o o r . 2. REDUCED COST OF FURNISHINGS: Heavy f u r n i s h i n g b i l l s u n n e c e s s a r y - you k e e p t h e com m issio n . 3. SATISFACTION: You g e t e x a c t l y w h at you w an t w i t h t a i l o r m a d e f u r n i t u r e . 4 . LESS MAINTENANCE: Few er s u r f a c e s ex p o sed and l e s s e d g es t o be c h ip p e d . B. DIRECTIONS: Key g u id e p o i n t s i n t h e b u i l t - i n f u r n i t u r e c o n s t r u c t i o n . 1 . How to make k i t c h e n c a b i n e t s . a . Make t h e fram e from 1 X 2s (You w i l l h av e some l e f t o v e r v e r y l i k e l y . ) b . C over t h e t o p and s i d e s w ith plyw ood. c . N a i l b a t t e n s t r i p s on t h e i n n e r f a c e s of t h e two s i d e s f o r s h e l f s u p p o r t s . (The number o f s h e l v e s i s a m a t t e r o f t a s t e , t h r e e i s a b o u t a v e r a g e . ) d. I n s t a l l c a b i n e t so t h a t t h e b o tto m i s from 5 2” to 6 0 ” above th e g ro u n d . (1) The h e i g h t o f t h e woman o f th e h o u se w i l l d e te r m in e t h e e x a c t h e i g h t h . (2) I f a t a l l p o s s i b l e p l a c e c a b i n e t so t h e r e w i l l be no s t a n d i n g on c h a i r s t o r e a c h th e to p s h e l f . How t o b u i l d k i t c h e n w ork t a b l e s . a . B u ild t h e fram e from 1 X 2s (30" from t h e f l o o r . ) b. Cover th e s i d e s w i t h t h r e e q u a r t e r i n c h plyw ood. c . I n s t a l l t h e t o p b a s e o f t h r e e q u a r t e r plywood o r w h i t e p i n e . (S in c e a h a rd f i n i s h i s t o be l a i d , m o st any wood i s s a t i s f a c t o r y p r o v i d e d i t w i l l w i t h s t a n d th e w e i g h t . ) d . Cover t h e t o p w i t h s t a i n l e s s s t e e l , p o r c e l a i n , h a rd b o a r d o r l in o l e u m . (T hese a r e l i s t e d i n t h e o r d e r o f p r e f e r e n c e . ) e . A pply m e t a l m o ld in g a ro u n d t h e t a b l e t o p . f . P u t a p r o t e c t i v e c o a t o f p a i n t o r a p r o t e c t i v e c o v e r o f some s o r t o v e r t h e c a b i n e t im m e d ia te ly . g . See F i g u r e 12 f o r p ro p o s e d c a b i n e t and t a b l e . How t o make bedroom c l o s e t s . a . B u i ld t h e fram e o u t o f 1 X 2 s . (1) A fram ew ork i s n o t a b s o l u t e l y n e c e s s a r y i f t h e c l o s e t i s s m a ll an d th e s i d i n g i s a minimum o f t h r e e q u a r t e r in c h b o a rd s . (2) 2 X 4 s a re a l r i g h t i f you a r e o v e r s u p p l i e d 1 1 0 E /G U R E /Z. K/TCHEN WORKTABLE AMD CABINET Ill w i t h th em . b. B u ild t h e s h e l v e s from t h r e e q u a r t e r i n c h s t o c k . c . I n s t a l l s h e l v e s as you w ould i n c a b i n e t s . d . B u ild t h e d o o rs and c o v e r in g fro m t h r e e q u a r t e r i n c h s t o c k o r plyw ood. e . C o n s t r u c t to o much s p a c e r a t h e r t h a n to o l i t t l e . 4 . How t o make b u i l t - i n b o o k c a se s. a . C o n s t r u c t th e s h e l v e s 8” deep and 8 ” h i g h . (1) I t i s a p e r s o n a l m a t t e r how b ig t o make some o f t h e s h e l v e s - t h e 8" i s s t a n d a r d . (2) T h ree q u a r t e r . i n c h s t o c k i s s a t i s f a c t o r y . b . B u ild t h e boo k ease t h e l e n g t h and h e i g h t h you d e s i r e . (The d im e n sio n w i l l v a r y g r e a t l y w i t h d i f f e r e n t f a m i l i e s . ) c . S in k t h e b ook case i n t o t h e w a l l to s u i t y o u r own f a n c y . (1) I f th e b o o k c a se i s t o be f l u s h w i t h th e w a l l o f th e room i t w i l l have t o e x te n d i n t o th e o t h e r s i d e . (2) P l a c e i t o p p o s i t e a u t i l i t y room o r c l o s e t . 5 . W here t o go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . a . R e s e rv e s h e l f : 2 :5 2 , 55, 183, 2 1 0 -2 1 2 , 218; 4 :2 9 7 , 2 9 8 , 3 6 0- 3 6 3 , 3 6 7 -3 6 9 , 3 7 8 -3 7 9 , 405, 4 7 0 ; 1 6 :1 4 1 - 1 4 3 , 2 2 6- 2 3 6 ; 2 4 :1 4 4 , 1 4 9 . 112 C. ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS: L a b o r a to r y w ork t o h e lp you • m a s t e r t h e c a b in e t- m a k e r t e c h n i q u e . 1 . B u ild t h e f i x e d f u r n i t u r e in y o u r h o u se . 2 . H e lp t h e o t h e r s t u d e n t s i n t h e c l a s s c o n s t r u c t t h e f i x e d f u r n i t u r e i n t h e c l a s s p r o j e c t h o u s e . D. EVALUATION: Sam ples o f c h e c k -u p s w h ic h may be a p p l i e d t o t h i s p r o j e c t . 1 . TRUE-FALSE: P l a c e an X i n t h e c o r r e c t sp a c e f o r t r u e o r f a l s e . T F a . C } f ) A wooden t a b l e i s s a t i s f a c t o r y f o r a k i t c h e n work t a b l e . b. ( ) ( ) M e ta l m o ld in g s h o u ld be u sed a ro u n d a l l k i t c h e n work t a b l e s . c . ( ) ( ) The h e i g h t h o f t h e work t a b l e s h o u ld be t h r e e f e e t i n a l l c a s e s . d. ( ) ( ) A s t a i n l e s s s t e e l t a b l e t o p i s more s a t i s f a c t o r y t o t h e a v e r a g e p e rs o n t h a n one o f l in o l e u m . e. ( ) ( ) I t i s som etim es a d v i s a b l e t o b u i l d a bedroom c l o s e t w i t h o u t a fram ew ork. f . ( ) C ) A b u i l t - i n b o o k c ase s h o u ld a lw a y s be f l u s h w i t h t h e w a l l i n t h e room i t i s l o c a t e d . g . ( ) ( ) Bookcase s h e l v e s s h o u ld be b u i l t w i t h y o u r own books a s a g u id e f o r dim en s i o n s . h . ( ) ( ) Though b u i l t - i n f u r n i t u r e i s o f t e n b e t t e r i t i s a lw a y s more e x p e n s iv e t h a n t h e f u r n i t u r e you buy i n t h e s t o r e s . i . ( ) ( ) The one g r e a t draw back t o b u i l t - i n f u r n i t u r e i s t h a t i t t a k e s up more room th a n r e g u l a r com m ercial f u r n i t u r e , j . ( ) ( ) You s h o u ld n e v e r p u t more t h a n two s h e l v e s i n a k i t c h e n c a b i n e t . BEST ANSWER: P l a c e t h e num ber o f th e b e s t a n sw e r i n p a r e n t h e s e s . a . ( } When b u i l d i n g b u i l t - i n f u r n i t u r e you s h o u ld : (1 ) H i r e a c a b in e tm a k e r and g i v e him v e r b a l h e l p . (2) H ir e a c a r p e n t e r t o do t h e w o rk . (3) Do a l l t h e w ork y o u r s e l f , b u t t a k e any a d v i c e . (4) B u ild t h e fram ew ork and h av e a c a r p e n t e r f i n i s h i t f o r yo u. b. ( ) When i n s t a l l i n g a k i t c h e n w ork t a b l e i t i s b e s t t o : (1) B u ild t h e t o p o f t h e t a b l e f o u r f e e t from t h e f l o o r . (2) B u i ld th e t o p two and one h a l f f e e t from t h e f l o o r . (3) Make t h e to p t h e d i s t a n c e from t h e f l o o r e q u a l to t h e d i s t a n c e from t h e f l o o r t o y o u r elbow w i t h arms s t r a i g h t down. (4) Con s t r u c t t h e t a b l e t o p e x a c t l y t h e h e i g h t h o f y our w a i s t . c . { ) When p u t t i n g th e t o p on t h e work t a b l e f o r t h e k i t c h e n t h e b e s t m a t e r i a l t o u se i s : (1) L in o leu m . (2) Hardwood. (3) S t a i n l e s s s t e e l . (4) P o r c e l a i n t i l e . d . ( ) When m ak ing c l o s e t s you s h o u ld : (1) Make th e e x a c t amount o f s p a c e you t h i n k you w i l l n e e d . (2) B u ild a l i t t l e more t h a n you f i g u r e you w i l l e v e r n e e d . (3) C o n s u lt y o u r l o c a l c a b i n e t d e a l e r f o r t h e amount you w i l l n e e d . (4) Ask some o f y o u r f r i e n d s how much you w i l l n e e d , RATING SCALE: P l a c e an X i n e a c h s p a c e f o r w hich you q u a l i f y . a . ( ) C om pleted a l l t h e c a b i n e t w ork i n y o u r h o u s e . b . ( ) C om pleted a l l t h e b o o k c a se s i n y o u r h o u s e . c . ( ) C om pleted a l l t h e c l o s e t s in y o u r h o u s e . d . ( ) Made e x t r a b u i l t - i n e q u ip m e n t. e . ( ) I n s t a l l e d a s t e e l t o p on t h e k i t c h e n work t a b l e . f . ( ) C o n s u lte d t h e 'L a d y ’ a s to how h ig h to make th e c a b i n e t s . 115 g . ( ) M easured y o u r books f o r h e i g h t h o f b o okcase s h e l v e s . h . ( ) B u i l t t h e t o p o f t h e work t a b l e t h r e e f e e t fro m th e f l o o r . i . ( ) Made more c l o s e t s p a c e than, you f i g u r e you n e e d . j . ( ) P u t a p r o t e c t i v e c o a t i n g on t h e c a b i n e t w o rk . CHAPTER 19 HOW TO INSTALL THE TRIM A. MOTIVATION: V a lu e s you may e x p e c t from th e c o r r e c t i n s t a l l a t i o n o f t r i m . 1 . EASIER WINDOW INSTALLATION: I f a l l t r i m i s c o r r e c t l y f i x e d t h e -windows n e ed no a t t e n t i o n . 2. EASE OF DOOR HANGING: I f th e d o o r jam bs a r e p r o p e r l y i n p l a c e you w i l l a v o id a l a b o r jam. 3 . ERRORS CORRECTED: The s k i l l f u l use o f t r i m can c o v e r up c e r t a i n m i s t a k e s e s p e c i a l l y i n l e n g t h e s t i m a t e s , e t c . B. DIRECTIONS: G u id in g p r i n c i p l e s and t e c h n i q u e s f o r th e i n s t a l l a t i o n o f t r i m . 1 . How t o i n s t a l l d o o r jam bs. a . P u r c h a s e t h e one and t h r e e e i g h t s jamb from t h e lu m b e r y a r d . b. P a i n t t h e jam bs im m e d ia te ly w i t h a p r i m e r . ( I f you i n t e n d to s t a i n t h e jam bs, p a i n t th e back o f t h e t r i m ' o n l y . ) c . A ssem ble t h e t h r e e p i e c e s o f t h e jam b. d. N a i l h e a d e r t o t h e s i d e jam bs. e . Cut a p i e c e o f wood t o f i t t h e e x a c t d i s t a n c e betw een t h e s i d e jambs a t t h e h e a d e r . (Use t h i s a s a g u id e a t t h e b o t t o m . ) f . F ix jam bs a b s o l u t e l y plum b. (Use wooden wedges a lo n g t h e s i d e s when n e c e s s a r y . ) 2 . How t o i n s t a l l d o o r c a s i n g s . a . P u rc h a s e t h e t r i m a t t h e w id th t h a t you d e s i r e . (1) T h is i s a m a t t e r o f t a s t e . (2) I f you have m i s f i g u r e d a t t h e c o n n e c tio n o f w a l l t o d o o r , you may n e e d a t r i m of s u f f i c i e n t w id th t o c o v e r y o u r m i s t a k e . b. A p p ly u s i n g a s q u a re c u t j o i n t . ( I f you a r e s k i l l e d and p r e f e r i t , a m i t e r e d j o i n t i s g o o d . ) c . P a i n t w i t h a prim e c o a t . d . H a i l i n p l a c e l e a v i n g betw een t h e edge o f t h e jamb and t h e b e g in n in g o f t h e c a s i n g . 3. How to i n s t a l l window t r i m s . a . I n s t a l l t h e s t o o l f i r s t . ( N a il t o s u b s i l l o r ro ugh f ramewo r k .) b . P u t th e s i d e c a s i n g s i n p l a c e . (Use t h e same c a r e h e r e a s w i t h t h e d o o r c a s i n g s . ) c. I n s t a l l t h e h ead c a s i n g n e x t . d. P u t th e a p ro n i n p l a c e and n a i l . (C ut a p ro n so t h a t i t i s f l u s h w i t h t h e o u t s i d e of t h e c a s i n g s . ) e . T e s t eac h p a r t f o r l e v e l an d p lu m b n e ss . 118 4 . How t o I n s t a l l b a s e b o a r d s . a . Buy b a s e b o a r d s from t h e lu m b e r company s i x i n c h e s w id e . ( I t comes i n v a r i o u s s i z e s b u t s i x i n c h e s i s m ost w i d e ly u s e d . ) b. Cut b o a rd s so t h a t t h e o n ly j o i n t s o c c u r i n t h e c o r n e r s i f p o s s i b l e . c . Groove o r saw th e b o a rd s w ith a r a b b e t e d j o i n t . d . Back p rim e t h e b ase b o a rd b e f o r e i n s t a l l i n g i t . e . N a i l d i r e c t l y t o w a ll s t u d d i n g . (1 ) Use 8d e a s i n g n a i l s . (2) Two n a i l s needed a t each s t u d . f . A pply shoe mold f l u s h a g a i n s t b o th f l o o r and b a s e b o a r d . ( I f t h i s i s u s e d , u se i t a f t e r th e f i n i s h e d f l o o r i n g i s down.) 5. Where t o go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . a . R e s e rv e s h e l f : 4 :4 1 8 , 448; 6 :3 0 , 37, 48; 1 6 :3 0 8 -3 1 0 ; 2 2 :3 4 5 ; 2 4 :1 5 , 1 6 . 0 . ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS: P r o j e c t i n i n s t a l l a t i o n o f t r i m . 1 . I n s t a l l t h e t r i m i n y o u r h o u s e . 2 . H e lp t h e c l a s s members i n s t a l l t h e t r i m i n t h e c l a s s p r o j e c t h o u s e . D. EVALUATION: Sam ples o f some e v a l u a t i o n t e c h n i q u e s w hich may be a p p l i e d t o t r i m i n s t a l l a t i o n . 1 . TRUE-FALSE: P l a c e an X i n t h e c o r r e c t s p a c e f o r t r u e o r f a l s e . T F a . { ) ( ) T rim i n s t a l l a t i o n d i r e c t l y e f f e c t s t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n o f windows i n y o u r h o u s e . b . ( ) ( ) B a se b o a rd s s h o u l d be a p p l i e d d i r e c t l y t o t h e s u b - f l o o r i n g . c . ( ) ( ) I t i s b e s t t o b u i l d y o u r own window c a s i n g s . d . ( ) C ) The s t o o l i s n a i l e d d i r e c t l y t o th e s u b s i l l . e. ( ) ( ) The window c a s i n g i s n a i l e d f l u s h w i t h t h e edge o f t h e jamb. BEST ANSWER: P l a c e t h e num ber o f t h e b e s t an sw er i n t h e p a r e n t h e s e s . a . ( ) When a p p ly in g t h e sh o e mold you s h o u ld : (1 ) P u t i t f l u s h w i t h b o th t h e b a se b o a rd and th e f l o o r . (2) Leave a i n a i r sp a c e a t t h e f l o o r b a s e , (3) Leave a a i r s p a c e a t th e b a s e b o a r d end. (4) Leave a a i r sp a c e a t b o th t h e b a s e b o a r d and, th e f l o o r . b. ( } The b a se b o a rd j o i n t i s m ade: (1) B u t t . (2} M i t e r . (3 ) R a b b e te d . (4) C urved. c . ( ) When i n s t a l l i n g d o o r jam bs you sh o u ld : (1) S t a i n t h e jam bs b e f o r e p u t t i n g i n t o 120 p o s i t i o n , r e g a r d l e s s of t h e f i n a l f i n i s h . (2) A pply th e enam el b e f o r e i n s t a l l i n g . (3) P u t p r i m e r on a f t e r i n s t a l l i n g . (4) P rim e b e f o r e i n s t a l l i n g . 121 CHAPTER 20 HOW TO LAY THE FLOORING A. MOTIVATION; G o a ls w h ic h you may a c h ie v e i f you h a v e good f l o o r i n g e x p e r t l y p u t i n t o y o u r L o u s e . 1 . CLEANER FLOORS: Good f l o o r i n g w e l l l a i d h a s no c r a c k s f o r d i r t . 2 . ANT I -SQUEAK FLOORS: I f p r o p e r l y l a i d t h e f l o o r w i l l n o t g i v e t h e m addening s q u e a k . 3. ADMIRATION OF NEIGHBORS AND FRIENDS: A v i s i t o r c a n n o t h e l p n o t i c e w hat he i s w a l k in g o n . 4 . HEALTHIER CHILDREN: B a b ie s spend a g r e a t p a r t o f t h e i r tim e on t h e f l o o r . B. DIRECTIONS: S u g g e s t i o n s t h a t w i l l e n a b le yo u t o h a v e a s a t i s f a c t o r y f l o o r . 1 . How t o l a y wood f l o o r i n g . a . P u t down hardw ood f l o o r i n g a f t e r a l l o t h e r work i s f i n i s h e d . (1) Have i t d e l i v e r e d fro m t h e lu m b e r y a rd t h e day you use i t . (2) Do n o t s t o r e n e a r any ty p e o f m o i s t u r e . b. Lay t h e f l o o r i n g in d r y h o t w e a t h e r i f p o s s i b l e . ( I f t h i s i s n o t p o s s i b l e h e a t t h e h o u se w i t h t h e f u r n a c e b e f o r e you l a y t h e f l o o r i n g . ) c . C le a n s u b - f l o o r i n g t h o r o u g h l y . d . D riv e i n t o t h e s u b - f l o o r i n g a l l n a i l s . (C ou nter s in k th e n a i l s . ) e . Cover s u b - f l o o r i n g w i t h 15 pound a s p h a l t f e l t . (1) Lay t h e p a p e r w a l l t o w a l l . (2) Allow f o u r i n c h o v e r l a p p i n g . f . Lay t h e f i r s t c o u rs e a g a i n s t t h e w a l l w i t h t h e to n g u e edge f a c i n g o u t . (Lay a lo n g th e l o n g e s t d im e n sio n o f t h e room ..) g . N a i l f i r s t c o u rs e s t r a i g h t t h r o u g h . (See F ig u r e 1 3 .) h . N a i l o t h e r c o u r s e s th r o u g h t h e to n g u e a t an a n g l e . (1) The e x a c t s i z e o f n a i l to u se w i l l be d e te r m in e d by t h e s i z e o f b o a rd s u s e d . (2) N a i l t o s u b - f l o o r i n g a t a s l i g h t a n g l e . (3) See F i g u r e 1 3 . How t o l a y l in o l e u m . a . C lean s u b - f l o o r i n g a s f o r wood. b. N a i l d i r e c t l y o v e r th e s u b - f l o o r i n g a co m p lete l a y e r o f t h r e e e i g h t h plyw ood. c. Pound i n t o t h e plyw ood a l l exposed n a i l s . d . Cement, w i t h s p e c i a l l in o l e u m cem ent, a f e l t b a se to t h e plyw ood. e.- Remove a l l b u l g e s , b u b le s o r o t h e r i r r e g u l a r i t i e s from t h e f e l t . 1 2 5 ft * f l o o m e F£<LT r/G U R E 13. HARDWOOD FLO O R dO A /STRl/C T/O N f . S t o r e l in o l e u m i n a lie a te d room th e n i g h t b e f o r e i t i s t o be u se d . g . A pply lin o l e u m eem ent. h . Lay t h e l in o l e u m on t h e f e l t . (1) Do n o t b r i n g t h e l in o l e u m up d i r e c t l y a g a i n s t t h e p l a s t e r w a l l s . (2) Cut t h e lin o le u m b e f o r e p l a c i n g i n t o p o s i t i o n . i . Go o v e r t h e l in o le u m w i t h a h e a v y r o l l e r . (You c an r e n t a 150 pound r o l l e r from y o u r d e a l e r . ) 3. How t o l a y a s p h a l t t i l e . a . C le a n th e s u b f l o o r i n g c a r e f u l l y . b. N a i l down t o th e s u b - f l o o r i n g a c o m p lete c o v e r in g o f t h r e e e i g h t h s plyw ood. c . A p p ly a f e l t b a se t o t h e plyw ood. (Use no o v e r l a p p i n g . 5 d. Draw w i t h a p i e c e o f c h a lk two l i n e s r u n n in g th r o u g h t h e m id d le o f t h e room from e ac h d i r e c t i o n . (The room i s now i n f o u r s q u a r e s . ) e . A pply a s p h a l t t i l e g l u e t o one h a l f t h e room . f . Lay t h e t i l e on t h e h a l f o f t h e room t h a t h a s been g lu e d b e g in n i n g i n t h e m id d le and w o rk in g o u t . g. Lay t h e o t h e r h a l f o f t h e room i n t h e same m an n e r. (The t i l e may be c u t by b e a t i n g i t i n t h e oven o f y o u r s t o v e and c u t t i n g w i t h a p a i r o f s c i s s o r s o r a k n i f e . ) 4 . Where t o go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . a . R e s e rv e s h e l f : 4 :3 3 4 , 337, 460; 1 6 :1 4 4 -1 4 7 ; 2 2 :1 9 7 -2 2 0 ; 2 4 :4 6 , 6 8 -7 0 , 1 2 4 ,1 2 5 , 2 2 9 -2 3 2 . C. ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS: P r o j e c t s - t o a i d you i n t h i s f l o o r i n s t a l l a t i o n s e c t i o n . 1 . A pply t h e f l o o r i n g t o f l o o r s o f y o u r h o u s e . 2 . H e lp t h e s t u d e n t s p u t th e f l o o r i n g on t h e c l a s s p r o j e c t h o u s e . D. EVALUATION: Sam ples o f some t y p e s o f c h e c k -u p s w h ic h may be a p p l i e d t o y o u r l a y i n g f l o o r s . 1 . TRUE-FALSE: P l a c e a n X i n t h e c o r r e c t s p a c e f o r t r u e o r f a l s e . T F a . ( ) ( ) Wood f l o o r i n g s h o u ld be th e l a s t o p e r a t i o n i n t h e b u i l d i n g o f y o u r h o u s e . b. ( ) ( ) The s u b - f l o o r i n g s h o u ld be c le a n e d w i t h e x tre m e c a r e . c . ( ) ( ) A l l n a i l s i n t h e s u b - f l o o r i n g s h o u ld be c o u n te r s u n k . d . ( ) ( ) The f i r s t c o u rs e s h o u ld be l a i d a g a i n s t th e w a l l . e . ( ) ( ) The f i n i s h e d f l o o r i n g s h o u ld be l a i d d i r e c t l y on t o p o f t h e s u b - f l o o r i n g . f . ( ) ( ) Plyw ood s h o u ld n e v e r be u se d a s s u b f l o o r i n g . BEST ANSWER: P l a c e t h e num ber o f t h e b e s t a n sw er i n t h e p a r e n t h e s e s . a . ( ) When l a y i n g l in o l e u m you s h o u ld : (1) A pply d i r e c t l y t o t h e ro u g h f l o o r i n g . (2) A pply o v e r plyw ood. (3) A pply o v e r a f e l t b a s e . (4) A pply o v e r a s p h a l t t i l e . b. ( ) When you l a y a s p h a l t t i l e you s h o u ld : (1) A pply t h e t i l e d i r e c t l y o v e r t h e ro u g h f l o o r i n g . (2) A pply d i r e c t l y o v e r h a r d wood f i n i s h f l o o r i n g . (3 ) A pply o v e r a f e l t b a s e . (4) A p ply o v e r and d i r e c t l y to plyw ood. RATING SCALE: P l a c e an X i n e a c h o f t h e s p a c e s f o r w hich you q u a l i f y . a . ( ) You h a v e l a i d a l l t h e f l o o r i n g i n y o u r h o u s e . b. ( ) You c le a n e d t h e s u b - f l o o r i n g t h o r o u g h ly b e f o r e a p p ly in g a n y th i n g t o i t . c . ( ) You c le a n e d im m e d ia te ly t h e g l u e fro m t h e c r a c k s o f t h e t i l e , i f you u se d t i l e . d . ( ) You a p p l i e d t h e f l o o r i n g i n d r y w e a t h e r . 127 PART 3 . BEAUTIFICATION Have you e v e r n o t i c e d w h at makeup c an do f o r a g i r l . Though you h a v e drawn a p e r f e c t s e t o f p l a n s , and con s t r u c t e d t h e h o u se w i t h e x a c t n e s s , t h e s t r u c t u r e lo o k s c o ld , u n i n v i t i n g and u n f i n i s h e d u n t i l i t i s p a i n t e d and d e c o r a t e d . T h is i s n o t a m in o r p a r t o f c o n s t r u c t i o n b u t a t r u l y i m p o r t a n t p a r t i n i t s own r i g h t . Some t r i c k s o f t h e t r a d e and some p ro v en m ethods we l e a r n i n P a r t 3 o f o u r c o u r s e . At t h e c o n c l u s i o n o f P a r t 3 you w i l l h a v e a h o u se co m p lete and r e a d y f o r a l o t o f l i v i n g , w h ich by th e way i s t h e t h i n g t h a t c h a n g e s a ho u se i n t o a home. 128 CHAPTER 21 HOW TO PA JUT YOUR HOUSE A.~ MOTIVATION: V a lu e s w h ich you may e x p e c t I f you l e a r n to p a i n t y o u r h o u s e . 1 . GREATER BEAUTY: P a i n t s used w i s e l y and w e l l can make a p a l a c e o u t o f a rough, h o u s e . 2. LONGJTYITY: P a i n t s p r e s e r v e t h e l i f e o f wood. 3. ERRORS COVERED: A good p a i n t jo b can o f t e n make even s e r i o u s b u i l d i n g e r r o r s lo o k a s th o u g h t h e y had n o t t a k e n p l a c e . B. DIRECTIONS: G u id in g p r i n c i p l e s t o f o l lo w when p a i n t i n g y o u r h o u s e . 1 . How t o o b t a i n th e c o r r e c t b r u s h . a . P u r c h a s e a good b r u s h . (Do n o t t r y t o g e t by w i t h a cheap o n e .) b. Buy a s h o r t s t r a i g h t edge v a r n i s h b r u s h . c . O b ta in a c u rv e d edge b r u s h f o r e x t e r i o r and l a r g e s u r f a c e s . (A void lo n g b r i s t l e s q u a r e e d g e , a lt h o u g h a s h o r t one i s a c c e p t a b l e . ) d . Buy a s m a ll b ru sh f o r s t a i n i n g . e . P u rc h a s e a f l a t c a l c i m in e b r u s h f o r th e a p p l i c a t i o n o f c a l c i m i n e . (Not o v e r 8 ” i n w i d t h .) 2. How t o a p p ly e x t e r i o r p r im e r , a . C lean th e wood t h o r o u g h l y . b. D ry t h e wood o r w a i t u n t i l i t d r i e s o f i t s own a c c o r d . c . A p ply t h e p a i n t o n ly i f th e t e m p e r a t u r e i s o v e r f i f t y d e g re e s F . d . Sand o u t t h e ro u g h s p o t s . e . Coat t h e k n o t s and sa p p y s p o t s w i t h e i t h e r o ra n g e s h e l l a c o r alum inum p a i n t . f . T h in t h e p r im e r w i t h t u r p e n t i n e i f t h e wood i s g r e e n . g. T h in t h e p r im e r w i t h l i n s e e d o i l i f t h e wood i s e s p e c i a l l y d r y . h . Work i n t o t h e p o r e s o f th e wood. i . A pply w i t h b r u s h . (Do n o t u se a s p r a y e r f o r th e f i r s t c o a t . ) How t o a p p ly to p e x t e r i o r c o a t s . a . P u t p u t t y i n n a i l h o l e s and t h e l i k e when f i r s t c o a t i s d r y . b . A p ply se c o n d c o a t o n ly a f t e r f i r s t c o a t i s c o m p le te ly d r y . (E x a c t tim e d ep en d s on t h e w e a t h e r . ) c . P a i n t t h e s i d i n g f i r s t and t h e n t h e t r i m . d . P a i n t from t o p down. e . P a i n t o r s t a i n s h i n g l e s i d i n g . How t o s t a i n t h e woodwork. a . S t a i n w i t h a s p r a y e r i f t h e s u r f a c e i s l a r g e . b. Sand s u r f a c e w i t h No.O p a p e r . c . D ust t h e s u r f a c e . d . Use an o i l s t a i n . - ( I f you a r e e x p e r i e n c e d t h i s o i l s t a i n i s n o t n e c e s s a r y . ) e . A pply s t a i n t o i n t e r i o r work w i t h a b r u s h or c le a n c l o t h . f . A pply a m i x t u r e o f h a l f - a n d - h a l f t u r p e n t i n e and l i n s e e d o i l t o th e edge g r a i n b e f o r e a p p ly i n g s t a i n . (T h is p r e v e n t s d a r k e r c o l o r a ro u n d e d g e . ) How t o p a i n t s t u c c o . a . P a i n t w i t h a c a l c i m in e b ru sh i f you u s e c a l c i m i n e . b. Buy a l a r g e b ru s h a b o u t 6” w ide f o r o i l b a s e , e . A pply from t h e t o p down. (1) P a i n t i n v e r t i c a l s t r i p s . (2) B rush m ark s a r e n o t much o f a f a c t o r h e r e , d . A pply a s many c o a t s a s t h e eye dem ands. How t o a p p ly i n t e r i o r p a i n t . a . Sand a l l wood w i t h No. 1 s a n d p a p e r i f you u s e enam el. b. Sand wood w i t h N o .00 s a n d p a p e r i f you u s e v a r n i s h . c . D ust o f f a l l s u r f a c e s b e f o r e p a i n t i n g . d . Work, from t h e to p down. e . A pply f i r s t c o a t , i f p a i n t i n g , a f l a t c o a t . 131 f . F i l l i n n a i l h o l e s and t h e l i k e w i t h p u t t y . g . A pply se c o n d c o a t a f t e r s a n d in g p u t t y p a t c h e s . h . A pply a t h i r d c o a t i f n e c e s s a r y . i . P a i n t i n te m p e r a tu re o f 60 t o 80 d e g r e e s F . j . C over a s m a ll a r e a a t a t i m e . k . O v e rla p w i t h c a r e t h e p a i n t o r v a r n i s h . 7 . Where to go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . a . R e se rv e s h e l f : 2 :7 4 , 223, 236, 2 3 8 , 241; 4 : 1 4 , 8 3 , 2 4 1 -2 4 7 , 310, 4 6 9 , 470 , 482; 2 2 :4 8 7 ; 2 3 :1 3 7 -1 4 2 . C. ACTIVITT ASSIGNMENTS: P r o j e c t s to make you m ore a d ep t a t p a i n t i n g . • ■ ■ ■ ■ { n a f l y i M I I M M M M M M a M M I l M B a M M 1 . P a i n t y o u r h o u s e . 2 . H e lp t h e o t h e r s t u d e n t s p a i n t t h e c l a s s p r o j e c t h o u se . D. EVALUATION: S am ples o f some e v a l u a t i o n t e c h n i q u e s w hich may be u se d i n t h i s c o n n e c t i o n . 1 . TRUE-FALSE: P l a c e an X i n t h e c o r r e c t s p a c e f o r t r u e o r f a l s e . T F a . ( ) ( ) A v a r n i s h and a c a l c i m i n e b ru s h a r e one and t h e same t h i n g . b. ( ) ( ) To p a i n t t h e o u t s i d e o f y o u r s t u c c o h o u se you s h o u ld buy a b r u s h a b o u t 8’1 w id e . c . ( ) ( ) Wood s h i n g l e s s h o u ld n e v e r be p a i n t e d . d . ( ) ( ) Wood s h i n g l e s sh o u ld n e v e r be s t a i n e d . e . ( ) ( ) T a r n i s h s h o u ld be a p p l i e d i n a te m p e ra t u r e o f n o t o v e r 50 d e g r e e s F. BEST ANSWER: P l a c e t h e num ber o f th e b e s t a n sw er i n t h e p a r e n t h e s e s . a . ( ) To p a i n t t h e s tu c c o on t h e o u t s i d e o f y o u r h o u se you s h o u ld : (1) P a i n t from t h e bottom u p . (2 ) P a i n t fro m th e to p down i n s t r i p s . (3) P a i n t from t h e to p down u s i n g v e r t i c a l s t r i p s . (4) P a i n t from b o tto m up u s i n g v e r t i c a l s t r i p s . (5) P a i n t arou nd th e h o u s e . b. ( ) When you a p p ly v a r n i s h y o u s h o u l d : (1) A pply t h e v a r n i s h i n room t e m p e r a t u r e o f 90 d e g r e e s o r o v e r. (2) P a i n t t h e v a r n i s h i n a te m p e r a t u r e o f 50 d e g r e e s o r u n d e r . (3) A pply v a r n i s h a t a ro u n d 70 d e g r e e s . (4) V a r n is h o n l y a t z e r o . (5) V a rn is h o n ly a t 110 d e g r e e s . RATING SCALE: P l a c e an X i n e a c h s p a c e f o r w hich you q u a l i f y . a . ( ) You have p u r c h a s e d good b r u s h e s w i t h a t t e n t i o n g iv e n t o q u a l i t y r a t h e r th a n money. 133 b. ( ) P a i n t e d t h e s tu c c o w i t h a w id e s t r a i g h t edge b r u s h . c . ( ) V a rn is h e d i n a room t e m p e r a t u r e o f round 70 d e g r e e s . d . ( ) A p p lie d c a l c i m in e w i t h a c a l c i m in e b r u s h . e. ( ) A p p lie d v a r n i s h w i t h a s m a ll b r u s h . CHAPTER 22 HOW TO PAPER THE WALLS A. MOTIVATION: G o als w h ic h you may a c h i e v e i f you l e a r n how t o p a p e r y o u r w a l l s w e l l . 1 . REDUCED INTERIOR DECORATING: P a p e re d w a l l s w i l l l a s t j u s t a s lo n g a s you keep them c l e a n . 2. SPEEDIER DECORATIONS: P a p e r i n g i s f a s t e r t h a n t h r e e c o a t s o f p a i n t . 3. EASIER DECORATIONS: P a p e r i s e a s i e r t o a p p ly t h a n p a i n t and i s l e s s m e ssy . B. DIRECTIONS: S u g g e s t i o n s t h a t w i l l e n a b le you t o p a p e r y o u r w a l l s c o r r e c t l y . 1 . How t o c u t t h e w a l l p a p e r . a . Cut p a p e r b e f o r e a p p l y i n g p a s t e . b. Cut w i t h a s p e c i a l t o o l o r a s h a r p k n i f e . c . Trim c u t th e p a p e r w i t h a p a i r o f s c i s s o r s . d . Cut th e p a p e r on a l o n g b o a rd , o r s e r i e s o f b o a rd s a b o u t t h r e e f e e t w id e . e . Cut t h e p a p e r a few i n c h e s l o n g e r t h a n t h e a c t u a l m easu re m e n t t o t u r n t h e c o r n e r . f . Mark t h e p a p e r w i t h a p e n c i l t o c u t . 2 . How t o a p p ly t h e p a s t e . a . A pply t h e p a s t e t o t h e p a p e r . b. P l a c e p a p e r on a c l e a n t a b l e w i t h t h e p a t t e r n s i d e down. c . A p p ly th e p a s t e w i t h a w ide b r u s h . (The p a s t e can be p u r c h a s e d and made by a d d in g w a t e r . ) (1) B egin a t t h e c e n t e r and w ork o u t . (2) P a s t e t o w i t h i n a few i n c h e s o f th e end. d . A pply p a s t e t o th e t i p s w i t h e x tre m e c a r e . e . F o ld t h e p a s t e d p a p e r m aking s u r e no p a s t e g e t s on t h e p a t t e r n . (See F i g u r e 1 4 .) How t o a p p ly th e p a p e r t o t h e w a l l . a . C a rry p a p e r o v e r arm and mount a s m a ll l a d d e r . b. P u t p a p e r on c e i l i n g and p o s i t i o n o u t e r edge a g a i n s t edg e o f c e i l i n g . (Most p e o p le p a i n t i n s t e a d o f p a p e r t h e c e i l i n g , h o w ev er, i t i s a m a t t e r o f t a s t e . ) c . U n fo ld p a p e r an d b ru sh i n t o p l a c e . (The b r u s h i s a s p e c i a l one and can be p u r c h a s e d a t y o u r l o c a l d e a l e r s . ) d . P a p e r w a l l s by s t a r t i n g a t w indow s. (1) Use a plumb l i n e t o .make c e r t a i n o f t r u e n e s s . (2) Trim o f f aro u n d t h e fra m e s w i t h a s h a rp k n i f e . e . O v e rla p i f u s in g t h i n p a p e r . f . B u t t j o i n t i f u s i n g a t h i c k p a p e r . (Not reco m m en d ed .) F/GURE Jf. FOL OED WALLPA P E R 137 4. g . C over t h e c o r n e r s by o v e r l a p p i n g a b o u t two i n c h e s a ro u n d th e c o r n e r . Where t o go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e , a . R e s e rv e s h e l f : 4 :2 6 3 - 2 7 5 . C. ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS: F r o .je c ts t o a i d you i n m a s te r y o f w a l l p a p e r i n g . 1 . A pply th e w a l l p a p e r t o y o u r h o u se , assu m in g t h a t you a re u s i n g sam e. 2 . H e lp th e o t h e r s t u d e n t s p a p e r t h e w a l l s o f th e c l a s s p r o j e c t h o u s e . D. EVALUATION: S am ples o f some t y p e s o f c h e c k -u p s w h ich may be a p p l i e d t o t h i s s e c t i o n . 1 . TRUE-FALSE: P l a c e a n X i n t h e c o r r e c t sp a ce f o r t r u e o r f a l s e . T F C ) A bout two i n c h e s s h o u ld be a llo w e d f o r t u r n i n g t h e c o r n e r when p a p e r i n g . { ) P a p e r s h o u ld be c u t a f t e r t h e p a s t e h a s b een a p p l i e d . ( ) When p a s t i n g t h e p a p e r s h o u ld be p a s t e d c o m p l e t e ly a t one t i m e . ( ) P a p e r s h o u ld be b ru s h e d i n t o p l a c e . ( } T h ic k p a p e r s h o u ld be b u t t j o i n e d . a . C b . C c . ( d . { e . ( 13 8 2 . BEST ANSWER: P l a c e t h e number o f t h e b e s t answ er i n t h e p a r e n t h e s e s . a . ( ) When p u t t i n g t h e p a p e r on t h e w a l l you s h o u l d : (1) A pply t h e p a p e r h o r i z o n t a l l y . (2) A pply t h e p a p e r v e r t i c a l l y . (3) A pply t h e p a p e r a t a n a n g le t o s u i t t h e e y e . (4) A p p ly t h e p a p e r b o t h h o r i z o n t a l l y and v e r t i c a l l y . 3. RATING SCALE: P l a c e an X i n e a c h s p a c e f o r w hich you q u a l i f y . a . ( ) P a p e re d a l l y o u r house t h a t h a s been d e s ig n e d t o be p a p e r e d . b. ( ) Used a plumb l i n e a t t h e windows f o r th e f i r s t s t r i p . c . { ) B ru sh ed p a p e r i n t o p l a c e . d . ( } O v e rla p p e d t h i n p a p e r . e . ( ) L e f t a b o u t two i n c h e s t o t u r n t h e c o r n e r s . 139 CHAPTER 23 HOW TO APPLY THE ' FIN ISH’ MATERIALS A. MOTIVATION: Rewards t h a t may come from h a v in g th e f i n i s h m a t e r i a l s a p p li e d e x p e r t l y . 1 . DIGNITY: W ell a p p l i e d f i n i s h m a t e r i a l s g iv e t h a t e x p e n s iv e l o o k . 2 . REDUCED UPKEEP: Much o f t h e m a t e r i a l s n e e d no a t t e n t i o n w h a t e v e r . B. DIRECTIONS: S u g g e s t i o n s on how t o i n s t a l l t h e f i n i s h m a t e r i a l s . 1 . How t o a p p ly i n l a i d woodwork. a . P u r c h a s e f o r i n d i v i d u a l n e e d . b. A p p ly a c c o r d i n g t o p r i n t e d d i r e c t i o n s w i t h th e p a r t i c u l a r t y p e . c . I n s t a l l i n l a i d wood o n ly i f s k i l l e d i n t h e a r t . (N ot recommended a s i t i s e x p e n s i v e .) 2 . How t o a p p ly g l a s s b l o c k s . a . P u r c h a s e g l a s s b lo c k s t o f i t t h e j o b . (They come i n 6, 8 and 12 in c h s q u a r e s . ) b. A pp ly f o r i n t e r i o r work w i t h wood w e d g es. (1) Lay h o r i z o n t a l s t r i p e n t i r e l e n g t h . (2) L ay h o r i z o n t a l s t r i p s b lo c k l e n g t h . c . A pp ly f o r e x t e r i o r work w i t h m o r t a r . d . Wedge i n t e r i o r work f o r t i g h t n e s s . 140 e . A pp ly s t a r t e r s t r i p d i r e c t l y t o s i l l f o r f l o o r t o c e i l i n g w ork. f . C lean b lo c k s im m e d ia te ly upon f i n i s h i n g work b o a rd . 3 . How t o a p p ly k i t c h e n and bath ro o m t i l e . a . C le a n s u r f a c e . b. A p ply g l u e . (T h is i s a s p e c i a l g lu e a v a i l a b l e a t y o u r l o c a l d e a l e r s . ) c . N a i l b a se m o ld in g i n t o p l a c e . ( T h is i s a s p e c i a l m o ld in g a v a i l a b l e a t y o u r l o c a l d e a l e r s .) d. N a i l i n t o p l a c e t h e c o r n e r m o ld in g . (1) E i t h e r i n s i d e o r o u t s i d e . (2) S p e c i a l m o ld in g p u rc h a s e d f o r t h e p u r p o s e . e. A p p ly t h e s h e e t t i l e i n a s l a r g e a s h e e t a s p o s s i b l e . f . P r e s s i n t o p o s i t i o n and c l e a n . 4 . How t o a p p l y p l a s t i c t i l e . a . P u r c h a s e p l a s t i c t i l e f o r b a th ro o m s e s p e c i a l l y . b . C lean t h e s u r f a c e . c . A pply t h e g l u e . ( T h is i s a s p e c i a l g lu e a v a i l a b le w here you p u r c h a s e t h e t i l e . ) d . P l a c e th e t i l e i n t o p l a c e . (1) The t i l e comes i n s e v e r a l s i z e s . (2) T i l e can be c u t w i t h a s p e c i a l c u t t e r . 5 . How to a p p ly m e t a l t i l e . a . P u r c h a s e t h e t i l e f o r th e p ro p o se d p u r p o s e . b. C le a n t h e s u r f a c e i t i s t o be a t t a c h e d t o . c . Draw a l i n e f o r s t a r t e r c o u r s e . (1) Use a plumb f o r v e r t i c a l l i n e . (2) Use a l e v e l f o r h o r i z o n t a l l i n e . d . A pply t h e g l u e . (A s p e c i a l g l u e i s u se d a v a i l a b l e w i t h t h e t i l e . ) e . P l a c e t h e t i l e i n t o p o s i t i o n . f . P r e s s i n t o p l a c e and c l e a n betw een t i l e s . 6 . Where t o go f o r f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . a . R e s e rv e s h e l f : 2 : 3 2 , 15 6, 223; 4t25S> 263; 1 6 :169- 1 7 2 ; 2 2 :5 2 . C. ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS: L a b o r a to r y p e rfo rm a n c e s i n • c o n n e c ti o n w ith t h i s s e c t i o n ,. 1 . A pply t h e f i n i s h m a t e r i a l n e e d e d i n y o u r h o u s e . 2 . H e lp t h e o t h e r s t u d e n t s a p p ly t h e f i n i s h m a t e r i a l s i n t h e c l a s s p r o j e c t h o u s e . D. EVALUATION: S am ples o f ways i n w hich y o u r m a s t e r y o f f i n i s h m a t e r i a l i n s t a l l a t i o n may be c h e c k e d . 1 . TRUE-FALSE: P l a c e an X i n t h e c o r r e c t s p a c e . f o r t r u e o r f a l s e . 142 T F a . ( } { ) You s h o u ld i n s t a l l i n t e r i o r g l a s s b lo c k s w i t h m o r t a r o n l y . b . ( ) ( ) You s h o u ld i n s t a l l e x t e r i o r g l a s s b lo c k s w ith w edges o n l y . c . ( ) ( ) I t i s n e c e s s a r y t o a p p ly th e t i l e b e f o r e m o u ld in g . d . ( } ( ) P l a s t i c s h o u ld be a p p l i e d w i t h m o r t a r . 2 . BIST ANSWER: P l a c e t h e number o f t h e b e s t an sw er i n th e p a r e n t h e s e s . a . ( ) You s h o u ld i n s t a l l g l a s s b l o c k s : (1) E x t e r i o r o n l y . (2) I n t e r i o r o n l y . (3) B oth i n t e r i o r o r e x t e r i o r . (4) N e i t h e r e x t e r i o r n o r i n t e r i o r . 3. RATING SCALE: P l a c e an X i n th e s p a c e s f o r w h ich you q u a l i f y . a . t ) You h a v e i n s t a l l e d a l l t h e f i n i s h m a t e r i a l i n y o u r h o u s e . b . ( ) You i n s t a l l e d m o u ld in g b e f o r e you p u t i n t h e t i l e . c . ( ) You c le a n e d t h e t i l e im m e d ia te ly a f t e r i n s t a l l a t i o n . d . ( ) You u se d a plum t o f i n d th e v e r t i c a l l i n e f o r s t a r t e r c o u r s e . RESERVE SHELF 144 RESERVE SHELF T hese r e f e r e n c e s a r e g iv e n code n u m b ers, f o r co ndensed c i t a t i o n s i n th e v a r i o u s c h a p t e r s of t h e p r o j e c t . CODE NUMBER 1 . Brown, S a u l H ., and T readw ay, W. S . : C a l i f o r n i a H o u s e s . The A u t h o r s , Los A n g e le s , 19 4 7 . 2 . C a t l i n , G e o rg e: B u i ld i n g Your New H o u s e . C u r r e n t Books, I n c . , New Y o rk , 19 4 6 . 3 . Cobb, H u b b ard : Your Dream Home. Wm. H. W ise & C o ., I n c . , New Y ork, 1950. 4 . Cobb, Hubbard.: Home Handyman’ s G u id e . Wm. H. W ise & C o ., I n c . , New Y o rk , 195 0 . 3 . C o w g ill, C l i n t o n H .: A r c h i t e c t u r a l P r a c t i c e . R e in h o ld P u b l i s h i n g C o r p ., New Y ork, 1940. 6 . Elw ood, F r a n k l i n G .: A r c h i t e c t u r a l D ra w in g . The Manual A r t s P r e s s , P e o r i a , 1 9 3 5 . 7 . E s t e s , H ia w ath a T .: Harmoneous Homes. M urray and Gee I n c . , C u lv e r C i t y , C a l i f o r n i a , 1948. 8 . F o sd y k e, G eorge I . : D e s i r a b l e Homes. M urray and Gee I n c . , C u lv e r C i t y , C a l i f o r n i a , 1 9 4 8 . 9 . G l a s e r , Sam uel: D e s ig n s f o r 60 Homes. Coward - McCann I n c . , New Y o rk , 1 940. 1 0 . G roup, H a r o ld E , : Book o f S m a ll Homes. G arden C i t y P u b l i s h i n g C o ., I n c . : Hew Y o rk , 1 9 4 6 . 1 1 . H a r r i n g t o n , M. R .: How t o B u ild a C a l i f o r n i a A d o b e . The Ward R i c h i e P r e s s , Los A n g e le s , 1946. 1 2 . H u n te r , R. C .: 125 Hew S m all Homes. A u th o r , 501 5 th A venue, New Y ork, 1 9 3 6 . 1 3 . J o h n s t o n e , K e n n e th B . : B u i ld i n g o r B uying a.H om e. McGraw H i l l Book C o ., I n c . , Hew Y o rk, 1 9 4 5 . 14. K i d d e r , F ra n k E ., and P a r k e r , H a r r y : A r c h i t e c t s and B u i l d e r s H andbook. Joh n W ile y and S o n s , Hew Y ork, 19 31. 15 . P e t e r s , F r a z i e r Form an: P o u r Y o u r s e l f a H o u se . McGraw H i l l Book C o ., I n c . , Hew Y o rk , 194 9 . 1 6 . Ramsey, C h a r le s G ., and S t e e p e r , H a r o l s R .: A r c h i t e c t u r a l G ra p h ic S t a n d a r d s . Jo h n W iley an d S o n s , New Y ork , 194 1 . 1 7 . Ramsey, S t a n l e y C .: S m a ll Homes o f t h e L a te G e o rg ia n P e r i o d . T e c h n ic a l J o u r n a l s , London, 19 1 9 . 1 8 . Raymond, A n to n in : A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e t a i l s . A r c h i t e c t u r e Book P u b l i s h i n g C o ., Hew Y ork, 1947. 1 9 . R o se n b e rg , L o u is C .: C o t t a g e s . F aim houses and O th e r M inor B u i l d i n g s i n E n g la n d . A r c h i t e c t u r e Book P u b l i s h i n g C o ., New Y ork, 1923. 20 . Seman, G eorge W .: P r o g r e s s i v e S te p s i n A r c h i t e c t u r a l D ra w in g . The Manual A r t s P r e s s , P e o r i a , 1 9 1 9 . 2 1 . S t a a t s , P h i l l i p H .: C a l i f o r n i a A r c h i t e c t u r e . A r c h i t e c t u r e Book P u b l i s h i n g C o ., New Y ork, 1 9 2 9 . 22 . Townsend, G i l b e r t , and D a l z e l l , R a lp h J . : How t o P la n a H o u se . A m erican T e c h n ic a l S o c i e t y , C h ic a g o , 1 9 4 5 . 2 3 . V oss, W a l te r G .: A r c h i t e c t u r a l C o n s t r u c t i o n . John W ile y and S o n s, New Y ork, 19 41. 24. W a f f l e , H arv ey W .: A r c h i t e c t u r a l Drawing f o r H igh S c h o o l s . The B ruce P u b l i s h i n g C om pany,'M ilw aukee, 19 4 7 . 25 . W r ig h t, F ra n k L . : The N a tu r e o f M a t e r i a l s . D u e l l, S lo a n & P e a r c e , New Y ork , 1942. UMVBRSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LIBRARY UMI Number: EP46529 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL U SER S T he quality of this reproduction is d e p en d en t upon th e quality of the copy subm itted. In the unlikely event that the author did not se n d a com plete m anuscript and th ere a re m issing p ag es, th e s e will be noted. Also, if m aterial had to be rem oved, a note will indicate the deletion. Published by P roQ uest LLC (2014). Copyright in the D issertation held by th e Author. Dissertatior. Pi bi shtng UMI E P46529 Microform Edition © P roQ uest LLC. AN rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United S ta te s C ode P roQ uest LLC. 789 E ast E isenhow er Parkw ay P.O . Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 4 8 1 0 6 -1 3 4 6
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University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses
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Asset Metadata
Creator
Price, Herman Henry
(author)
Core Title
A high school course in architecture
School
School of Education
Degree
Master of Science
Degree Program
Education
Degree Conferral Date
1950-08
Publisher
University of Southern California
(original),
University of Southern California. Libraries
(digital)
Tag
architecture,education, sciences,OAI-PMH Harvest
Format
masters theses
(aat)
Language
English
Contributor
Digitized by ProQuest
(provenance)
Permanent Link (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.25549/usctheses-c24-87848
Unique identifier
UC11269973
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EP46529.pdf (filename),usctheses-c24-87848 (legacy record id)
Legacy Identifier
EP46529.pdf
Dmrecord
87848
Document Type
Thesis
Format
masters theses (aat)
Rights
Price, Herman Henry
Type
texts
Source
University of Southern California
(contributing entity),
University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses
(collection)
Access Conditions
The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the au...
Repository Name
University of Southern California Digital Library
Repository Location
USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
Tags
architecture
education, sciences