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Content
CAL-‐EARTH
DOMES
by
Sharis
Daneri
Delgadillo
A
Professional
Project
Presented
to
the
FACULTY
OF
THE
USC
GRADUATE
SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY
OF
SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA
In
Partial
Fulfillment
of
the
Requirements
for
the
Degree
MASTER
OF
ARTS
(BROADCAST
JOURNALISM)
December
2011
Copyright
2011
Sharis
Daneri
Delgadillo
Table
of
Contents
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………………...…………iii
“Cal-‐Earth
Domes
Script”…………….……………..…………………………………………………………1
ii
Abstract
Bob
Lien,
Mark
Reppert,
and
Lisa
Starr
are
building
earth
domes
using
Super
Adobe
technology
in
San
Bernardino
County’s
Mojave
Desert.
It’s
a
building
method
that
uses
only
earth,
bags,
and
barbed
wire.
The
Super
Adobe
technique
was
developed
by
the
California
Institute
of
Earth
Art
and
Architecture,
a
non-‐profit
organization
in
the
City
of
Hesperia.
The
organization’s
original
focus
was
to
develop
a
way
to
build
emergency
and
semi-‐permanent
shelters
in
third
world
countries
for
people
who
have
little
access
to
resources.
But
it
has
now
become
a
recent
trend
for
alternative
housing
in
Southern
California.
The
documentary
will
explore
the
economic
and
environmental
incentives
that
drove
these
three
southern
Californian
residents
to
build
residential
domes.
Interviews
with
experts
such
as
the
San
Bernardino
County
Official
from
the
Building
and
Safety
Department
and
a
professor
and
structural
engineer
from
the
University
of
Southern
California
describe
how
the
owners
must
first
comply
with
California’s
rigorous
building
seismic
codes
for
the
construction
to
even
begin.
The
purpose
of
this
piece
is
to
document
the
first
Super
Adobe
domes
builders
in
the
United
States
who
have
been
successful
in
complying
with
the
United
States
and
California’s
building
codes.
It
also
touches
upon
the
economic
hardships
that
caused
these
American
owners
to
build
an
earthen
home
that’s
intended
to
be
used
for
third
world
refugees.
iii
“Cal-Earth
Domes”
Script
Opening
sequence
Double
Eco-‐Dome
establishing
shot.
SOT:
Bob
Lien
CG:
Dome
Builder
One
Camera
How
one
lives
in
here?
It’s
very
peaceful.
I
used
to
say
the
word
sacred
or
holistic
and
threw
those
things
around.
But
being
here
it
really
feels
wonderful.
The
external
environment
here
adds
to
that.
It’s
a
bit
like
crawling
into
a
rock.
VO:
Narrator
Wide
shot
of
the
desert
BOB
LIEN
LIVES
IN
LUCERNE
VALLEY,
A
SMALL
TOWN
LOCATED
IN
SAN
BERNARDINO
COUNTY’S
MOJAVE
DESERT.
VO:
Narrator
Bob
Lien
climbing
around
the
roof
of
his
house.
IN
2004,
LIEN
DECIDED
TO
BUILD
HIMSELF
AN
AFFORDABLE
HOME
AFTER
HE
WAS
LAID
OFF
HIS
JOB
AS
A
SOCIOLOGY
ADJUNCT
PROFESSOR.
BUT
IT’S
NOT
A
TYPICAL
HOUSE.
IT’S
MADE
RIGHT
FROM
THE
EARTH
BELOW
IT.
Sot:
Bob
Lien
On
Camera
Now
picture
this.
It’s
myself,
my
29-‐year-‐old
son
Lewy
and
my
daughter
Sarah.
We
began,
it
was
hot,
it
was
July
hot.
We
began
with
a
shovel.
I
mean
I’ll
never
forget
these
apps
here
Sarah
and
I
were
literally
going
to
dig
out
by
hand.
After
we
finished
we
thought
we
needed
some
help
here.
We
went
to
get
a
fellow
with
a
backhoe.
And
in
about
three
hours
he
had
the
majority
of
this
footprint
excavated
or
at
least
loosened
up
so
that
we
can
do
the
rest
by
hand.
VO:
Narrator
Elijah
climbing
around
the
roof
of
their
dome
THEY
BUILT
THE
ENTIRE
STRUCTURE
USING
ONLY
EARTH,
CEMENT,
PLASTIC
BAGS,
BARBWIRE,
AND
PLASTER.
BY
2010,
BOB
LIEN
AND
HIS
TEN-‐YEAR-‐OLD
SON
ELIJAH
WERE
READY
TO
MOVE
INTO
THEIR
1
DOUBLE
ECO-‐DOME.
NATSOT:
Bob
Lien
Walks
into
his
bedroom
EACH
DOME
HAS
A
CENTRAL
LIVING
SPACE
WITH
THREE
SMALLER
PODS
THAT
CAN
BE
USED
AS
A
KITCHEN,
RESTROOM,
AND
BEDROOM.
NATSOT:
Bob
Lien
In
his
bedroom
I
love
my
little
room
here.
I
don’t
know
what
to
tell
you
about
it.
Look
how
tiny
it
is,
but
when
you
are
in
here,
these
little
dome
things.
I’ve
said
these
kinds
of
words
to
you
before.
Like
something
other.
Look
how
weird
it
is
up
there.
Like
it’s
funny
and
sensual.
VO:
Narrator
Outside
shots
of
the
windscoop
THE
LIEN’S
HOME
HAS
SOME
UNUSUAL
FEATURES.
FOR
EXAMPLE,
THE
DOME
HAS
NO
CENTRAL
AIR
CONDITIONING
SYSTEM
TO
PROTECT
ITSELF
FROM
THE
HIGH
DESERT
SUN.
INSTEAD,
A
WINDSCOOP
WAS
DESIGNED
TO
CAPTURE
THE
BREEZE
TO
CREATE
WIND
CIRCULATION
INSIDE
THE
DOME.
NATSOT:
Bob
Lien
The
‘windscoops’
allow
air
into
and
out
of
the
domes.
I
think
they
really
add
to
a
venting
effect
in
the
hot
summer
days
and
they
offer
airflow.
They
work
pretty
good.
VO:
Narrator
Inside
shot
of
the
dome
LIEN’S
HOME
LOOKS
A
BIT
LIKE
AN
IGLOO.
SIMILAR
TO
THE
ICY
STRUCTURES,
THE
CONSTRUCTION
CONSERVES
ENERGY
IN
EXTREME
ENVIRONMENTS.
THE
DOME’S
WALL
THICKNESS
INSULATES
IT
AGAINST
EXTREME
HEAT
AND
ALSO
KEEPS
IT
WARM
DURING
THE
DESERT’S
COLD
AND
SOMETIMES
SNOWY
WINTERS.
2
BUT
BOB
LIEN
DECIDED
TO
BUY
A
HEATER
ANYWAYS.
NATSOT:
Bob
Lien
Bob
Lien
next
to
heater
It’s
a
propane
furnace
and
how
much
I’ll
have
to
use
this
during
the
winter
I’m
not
sure.
I
do
want
to
try
a
friend’s
procedure
of
building
a
passive
solar
frame
to
see
if
I
can
pipe
in
heated
air
as
necessary
when
the
cold
days
of
the
winters
come
to
avoid
using
propane
heat.
VO:
Narrator
Shots
of
the
front
yard
A
COAT
OF
PLASTER
KEEPS
RAIN
FROM
SEEPING
INTO
THE
WALLS.
THE
RAINFALL
IS
DIRECTED
TOWARD
A
LARGE
PATCH
OF
ROCKS
IN
THE
FRONT
YARD.
THE
PATCH
ACTS
LIKE
A
DRAINAGE
SYSTEM,
ALLOWING
THE
WATER
TO
PENETRATE
DOWN
INTO
THE
SOIL
WHERE
IT
WILL
GET
REABSORBED.
VO:
Narrator
Inside
shots
of
double
Eco-‐Dome
THE
DOME
ALSO
HAS
CONVENTIONAL
FEATURES.
IT
HAS
A
SEPTIC
TANK,
PLUMBING,
RUNNING
WATER,
AND
ELECTRICITY.
THE
ENTIRE
STRUCTURE
COST
BOB
LIEN
65
THOUSAND
DOLLARS
INCLUDING
A
FIVE-‐ACRE
LOT,
BLUE
PRINTS,
AND
BUILDING
PERMITS.
VO:
Narrator
Sequence
shots
of
San
Bernardino
track
houses
THIS
COMPARES
TO
THE
CURRENT
AVERAGE
PRICE
OF
A
SINGLE-‐FAMILY
HOME
IN
SAN
BERNARDINO
COUNTY
AT
170
THOUSAND
DOLLARS.
A
HOME
AT
HALF
PRICE
COULD
BE
IMPORTANT
TO
AN
AREA
THAT
IS
SUFFERING
ECONOMICALLY.
IN
2011,
SOME
259
FAMILIES
LOST
THEIR
HOMES
3
DUE
TO
BANK
FORECLOSURES.
SOT:
Bob
Lien
On
Camera
The
Cal-‐Earth
building
process
was
at
least
my
idea
at
the
time
of
being
able
to
buy
something
that
was
affordable.
VO:
Narrator
Wide
shot
of
the
site
followed
up
with
close
ups
of
individual
structures
THE
CALIFORNIA
INSTITUTE
OF
EARTH
ART
AND
ARCHITECTURE
IS
A
NON-‐PROFIT
ORGANIZATION
THAT
DEVELOPED
WHAT
IS
CALLED
SUPER
ADOBE
TECHNOLOGY,
A
BUILDING
METHOD
THAT
REQUIRES
ONLY
EARTH,
BAGS,
AND
BARBED
WIRE.
THE
SITE
IS
LOCATED
IN
THE
CITY
OF
HESPERIA
AND
IS
FILLED
WITH
SEVERAL
ADOBE
STRUCTURES
USED
FOR
RESEARCH
PURPOSES.
SOT:
Sheefteh
Khalili
CG:
Chief
Financial
On
Camera
The
point
of
this
is
that
we
want
people
to
build
their
own
home
and
not
have
to
go
take
out
a
mortgage
from
the
bank
and
it
should
be
cost
effective
and
accessible.
VO:
Narrator
Sheefteh
Khalili
on
top
of
dirt
mound
overlooking
construction
process
SHEEFTEH
KHALILI
IS
THE
CHIEF
FINANCIAL
OFFICER
FOR
CAL-‐EARTH.
SHE
SAYS
THE
ORGANIZATION’S
FOCUS
IS
TO
TEACH
PEOPLE
HOW
TO
BUILD
A
SHELTER
FOR
THEMSELVES
USING
AN
ABUNDANT
AND
AVAILABLE
RESOURCE
–
DIRT.
SOT:
Sheefteh
Khalili
Overlooking
workshop
process
People
need
to
realize
we
are
going
to
run
out
of
resources.
We
are
going
to
run
out
of
lumber
to
build
with.
Half
of
the
people
in
the
world
can’t
even
access
that
type
of
stuff.
We
can’t
always
continue
to
rely
on
that.
And
the
earth
is
the
most
abundant
resource
that
we
have.
4
VO:
Narrator
Wide
shot
of
workshop.
BEING
ABLE
TO
TEACH
THIS
TECHNIQUE
TO
PEOPLE
WHO
HAVE
LITTLE
ACCESS
TO
OTHER
MATERIALS
WAS
THE
ORIGINAL
IDEA
OF
CAL-‐EARTH’S
FOUNDER
AND
SHEEFTEH
KHALILI’S
LATE
FATHER,
NADER
KHALILI.
SOT:
Sheefteh
Khalili
On
Camera
He
was
thinking
about
it
one
day
and
he
said
“what
is
there
everywhere
in
the
world,
that
people
could
access,”
and
all
these
areas
that
I’m
talking
about
are
war
torn
refugees,
natural
disasters.
And
something
that
you
can
find
in
all
those
places
is
sandbags
and
barbwire.
You
know
he
would
say
utilizing
the
materials
of
war
for
peaceful
purposes.
VO:
Narrator
Picture
of
Nader
Khalili
IRANIAN
ARCHITECT
NADER
KHALILI
WAS
EDUCATED
IN
TURKEY
AND
THE
US.
IN
THE
1970’S,
HE
STOPPED
WORKING
AS
AN
URBAN
DEVELOPER
IN
IRAN
AND
SET
OFF
FOR
A
DIFFERENT
KIND
OF
JOURNEY.
SOT:
Sheefteh
Kahlili
Picture
of
Nader
Khalili
He
was
really
miserable
with
that
work,
the
rat
race
of
it
all.
So
with
that
he
closed
down
his
office
and
he
bought
a
motorcycle,
and
he
went
into
the
deserts
of
Iran
to
study
the
different
types
of
architecture.
So
he
spent
years
in
the
desert
studying
and
learning.
He
was
focused
on
adobe
architecture.
And
this
time
was
the
Iranian
Revolution.
So
he
knew
it
was
time
to
come
back
to
the
Unites
States.
VO:
Narrator
Picture
of
Nader
Khalili
ONCE
HE
RETURNED,
HE
BEGAN
WORKING
AS
A
PROFESSOR
AT
THE
SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA
INSTITUTE
OF
ARCHITECTS.
IN
1984,
A
WINDOW
OF
OPPORTUNITY
OPENED
FOR
HIM.
HE
SUBMITTED
A
PROPOSAL
FOR
NASA’S
“SYMPOSIUM
ON
LUNAR
BASES
AND
SPACE
5
ACTIVITIES
OF
THE
21
ST
CENTURY.”
NASA
PUBLISHED
HIS
PROPOSAL
AND
ASKED
HIM
TO
PRESENT
HIS
IDEA
AT
THE
SYMPOSIUM.
SOT:
Sheefteh
Khalili
On
Camera
1984
was
really
sort
of
an
epic
turning
point
in
what
was
eventually
going
to
become
Cal-‐Earth
because
there
was
a
call
for
papers
from
NASA
for
how
to
build
on
the
Moon
and
Mars.
And
he
decided
to
submit
a
paper
about
how
to
utilize
the
materials
that
are
on
the
moon
or
are
on
Mars
to
build
with
them.
To
pile
up
lunar
soil
and
bring
a
lens
and
use
the
Sun
to
melt
it
and
create
shell
structures.
Or
to
bring
tubing
and
just
suck
in
lunar
soil
and
to
Velcro
it
together
and
create
these
different
types
of
structures.
VO:
Narrator
Shots
of
Cal
Earth
structures
SUBSEQUENTLY,
KHALILI
WAS
INVITED
TO
WORK
WITH
ENGINEERS
AT
LOS
ALAMOS
NATIONAL
LABORATORY
TO
CONTINUE
HIS
RESEARCH.
VO:
Narrator
Shots
of
Cal-‐Earth
structures.
BUT
HIS
RESEARCH
WENT
BEYOND
HIS
IDEA
TO
BUILD
STRUCTURES
ON
THE
MOON
AND
MARS
USING
NATIVE
MATERIALS.
VO:
Narrator
Shot
of
the
Emergency
Shelter
Village
prototype.
THEN,
IN
2003
CAL-‐EARTH
BUILT
AN
“EMERGENCY
SHELTER
VILLAGE”
PROTOTYPE
FOR
A
DIVISION
OF
THE
UN.
SOT:
Sheefteh
Khalili
Shot
of
Emergency
Shelter
Village
prototype
A
couple
of
years
ago
a
team
from
the
refugee
disaster
relief
portion
of
the
UN
came
here
and
helped
build
some
of
the
emergency
shelters
that
you
see
on
our
site,
and
that’s
why
that
shelter
came
to
be.
We
wanted
to
come
up
with
more
ideas
on
sleeping
pods
and
community
space.
VO:
Narrator
Picture
of
Pakistan
relief
effort
CAL-‐EARTH
ALSO
ORGANIZED
OTHER
INTERNATIONAL
RELIEF
EFFORTS.
6
SOT:
Sheefteh
Khalili
Picture
of
Pakistan
relief
effort
We
organized
a
disaster
relief
effort
in
Pakistan
in
2005
after
the
earthquake
that
happened
there.
And
I
think
a
hundred
shelters
were
built
in
Pakistan
at
the
time.
SOT:
Sheefteh
Khalili
On
Camera
The
difficulty
is
that
we
have
very
little
manpower
here
at
Cal-‐Earth.
SOT:
Sheefteh
Khalili
Students
at
the
Cal-‐
Earth
workshop.
A
lot
of
students
come
and
go
and
we
really
need
the
people
that
we
have
here
to
come
and
teach.
And
that’s
why
we
don’t
necessarily
go
and
do
the
work
on
the
ground.
The
strength
of
the
organization
is
the
training
and
the
teaching
and
preparation.
We
prepare
the
blue
prints,
we
prepare
the
design,
we
prepare
the
techniques,
and
then
we
want
to
take
that
and
send
it
out
with
all
these
people
to
go
out
and
do
the
work.
VO:
Narrator
Emergency
shelter
building
sequence
THE
TRAINING
STARTS
AT
CAL-‐EARTH’S
MONTHLY
WEEKLONG
WORKSHOPS
HELD
ON
THE
SITE
THAT
PEOPLE
PAY
TUITION
FOR.
SOT:
Sheefteh
Khalili
You
know,
we
are
really
impacting
people
as
much
as
we
can
with
the
resources
we
have
right
now.
Our
work
is
researching
and
teaching
and
that’s
really
what
we
do.
We
are
not
here
for
people
to
hire
us
and
have
people
do
big
projects
and
make
money.
We
want
to
teach
as
many
people
as
we
can
so
they
can
build
for
themselves
and
for
others.
VO:
Narrator
Lisa
Starr
outlining
with
chalk
LISA
STARR
ATTENDED
A
CAL-‐EARTH
WORKSHOP.
SHE
IS
OUTLINING
A
PORTION
OF
BONITA
DOMES,
A
SOON
TO
BE
NINE
HUNDRED
SQUARE-‐FOOT
TRIPLE-‐ECO
DOME
IN
JOSHUA
TREE,
CALIFORNIA.
SOT:
Lisa
Starr
CG:
Dome
Builder
On
Camera
By
the
end
of
the
workshop,
I
was
so
convinced
by
the
end
of
the
week,
I
had
so
much
information
and
I
was
confident
that
I
was
able
to
project
and
commit
to
taking
my
entire
life
saving
and
doing
this
build.
7
VO:
Narrator
Lisa
Starr
building
sequence
LISA
STARR
MAKES
HER
LIVING
AS
A
DRUM
MAKER.
SHE
CHOSE
TO
BUILD
HER
HOME
USING
SUPER
ADOBE
TECHNOLOGY
BECAUSE
OF
ITS
AFFORDABILITY
AND
SELF-‐SUSTAINABILITY.
SOT:
Lisa
Star
Lisa
on
camera
When
it
came
time,
I
had
to
make
come
decisions
about
how
I
wanted
to
live
my
own
life.
Well
I
could
stay
here
in
a
three
thousand
square-‐foot
house
and
have
a
mortgage
of
three-‐four
thousand
dollars
a
month.
And
that’s
a
lot
of
pressure
an
artist.
VO:
Narrator
Mark
Reppert
plastering
his
dome
MARK
REPPERT
ALSO
COMPLETED
A
CAL-‐EARTH
WORKSHOP.
HE’S
IN
THE
PROCESS
OF
BUILDING
A
DOUBLE
ECO-‐DOME.
SOT:
Mark
Reppert
On
Camera
I
needed
a
place
to
live
when
I
retire.
I
didn’t
really
think
how
much
it
would
cost
to
build
versus
a
traditional
house.
The
whole
idea
of
how
long
it’s
going
to
last,
what
I
think
is
a
smaller
impact
of
the
planet
is
what
made
the
decision.
VO:
Narrator
Cal-‐Earth
workshop
building
sequence
YET,
BEFORE
CAL-‐EARTH
STUDENTS
BUILD
ELABORATE
DOMES,
THEY
ARE
FIRST
TAUGHT
TO
BUILD
A
SMALL
SEVEN-‐FOOT
DIAMETER
EMERGENCY
SAND
BAG
SHELTER
THAT
SERVES
AS
THE
BASIS
FOR
MORE
ELABORATE
CONSTRUCTION.
SOT:
Mark
Harmon
CG:
Technical
Director
On
Camera
We
are
utilizing
the
most
people
to
be
as
active
as
possible
to
build
a
structure
in
an
emergency
situation.
VO:
Narrator
Mark
Harmon
instructing
students
EIGHT
YEARS
AGO,
MARK
HARMON
WAS
A
CAL-‐EARTH
STUDENT.
NOW,
HE’S
THE
TECHNICAL
DIRECTOR
FOR
8
THE
ORGANIZATION
AND
HELPS
CONDUCT
THE
WORKSHOPS.
SOT:
Mark
Harmon
Wide
shot
of
students
working
It’s
pretty
simple.
The
idea
is
just
taking
earth
out
in
the
bags
and
constructing
in
place.
So
that
the
process
involves
starting
with
a
level
and
stable
surface.
Putting
the
bags
in
place,
compacting
them
is
key.
SOT:
Mark
Harmon
Students
digging
up
dirt
The
Earth
came
from
the
site.
We
scraped
it
up
from
the
surrounding
area.
SOT:
Mark
Harmon
Students
spraying
dirt
with
water
The
water
needs
to
get
at
just
the
right
volume
to
get
at
optimum
compaction.
SOT:
Mark
Harmon
Barbed
wire
gets
placed
on
bags
Then
we
use
a
piece
of
Velcro
or
barbed
wire
mortar
between
each
layer.
And
that
gives
like
a
Velcro
stick
connection
between
each
layer.
It
also
helps
resist
earthquakes
because
we
have
something
tensile
and
strong
that
you
can’t
pull
apart.
Nat
Pop:
Mark
Harmon
You
see
how
he
placed
the
plastic
in
the
barbwire?
Then
pushed
it
so
that
the
flap
keeps
tight.
VO:
Narrator
Students
using
chain
compass
THE
PLASTIC
BAGS
ARE
PLACED
IN
A
CIRCLE
THAT
IS
MEASURE
BY
A
CHAIN
COMPASS
INVENTED
BY
CAL-‐
EARTH.
SOT:
Mark
Harmon
Students
using
chain
compass
That
was
one
of
our
instruments
that
we
developed
here.
It’s
like
a
little
mechanical
computer,
very
basic.
One
chain
registers
the
profile
of
the
building
and
the
other
chain
measures
to
where
that
ought
to
be
and
symmetry
is
generated
from
the
center.
SOT:
Mark
Harmon
Almost
finished
shelter
getting
tampered
That’s
layed
down
and
then
we
lay
each
bag.
Each
little
donut
is
just
a
little
but
smaller
until
is
creates
a
dome.
VO:
Narrator
Wooden
frame
gets
taken
out
A
WOODEN
FRAME
IS
PLACED
TO
CREATE
AN
ENTRANCE.
IT’S
REMOVED
ONCE
THE
SHELL
IS
9
COMPLETE.
NATSOT:
Mark
Harmon
Inside
finished
dome
The
real
breakthrough
of
this
is
that
we’ve
been
able
to
build
a
dome
in
a
day
that’s
reproducible.
That’s
not
just
done
artistically
by
feel,
but
by
using
real
instruments.
VO:
Narrator
Completed
Shelter
THE
STUDENTS
COMPLETED
AN
EMERGENCY
SHELTER
IN
EIGHT
HOURS.
THE
FINAL
RESULT
IS
A
SEVEN-‐FOOT
DIAMETER
BEEHIVE-‐SHAPED
SHELL
MADE
OF
FIVE
HUNDRED
BAGS
FILLED
WITH
COMPACTED
EARTH.
THE
TOP
IS
MARKED
WITH
AN
OPEN
RING
ALLOWING
SUNLIGHT
TO
ENTER.
NATSOT:
Mark
Harmon
It’s
called
a
monolith.
And
it’s
all
the
same
geometry.
Say
we
didn’t
compact
the
earth
efficiently
and
there
was
some
part
of
the
ground
that
settled.
The
rest
of
the
building
would
absorb
that
and
it
wouldn’t
collapse.
NATSOT:
Mark
Harmon
Say
a
palm
tree
and
a
hurricane
came
and
hit
a
brick
wall.
A
building
that
is
curved
and
domed
has
a
chance
of
withstanding
it.
Because
when
it’s
hit,
it’s
not
just
that
point
that’s
taking
it,
the
whole
structure
takes
it
as
one.
VO:
Narrator
Completed
dome
THE
CONSTRUCTION
OF
AN
EMERGENCY
DOME
IS
INTENDED
TO
BE
A
QUICK
AND
EASY
SOLUTION
FOR
PEOPLE
IN
DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES.
VO:
Narrator
Establishing
shot
of
Henry
Roe
at
the
computer
BUT
THE
PROCESS
OF
CONSTRUCTING
RESIDENTIAL
DOMES
IN
SAN
BERNARDINO
COUNTY
IS
MORE
EXTENSIVE.
FIRST,
THE
OWNERS
HAVE
TO
COMPLY
WITH
THE
CALIFORNIA’S
BUILDING
AND
SAFETY
CODES,
SAYS
HENRY
ROE.
HE
WAS
THE
BUILDING
10
OFFICIAL
FOR
THE
SAN
BERNARDINO
COUNTY
DEPARTMENT
OF
BUILDING
AND
SAFETY
WHO
IS
NOW
RETIRED.
SOT:
Henry
Roe
On
Camera
Well
the
codes
are
adopted
by
the
state
of
California
are
enforced
by
the
local
jurisdiction,
which
is
the
safety
and
building
division
here
in
this
case.
SOT:
Henry
Roe
On
Camera
Cal-‐Earth
was
actually
subjected
to
very
rigorous
test
standards.
We
look
at
other
types
of
structures
that
is
non-‐standard.
For
example,
straw
bale
houses,
rammed
earth
houses,
tire
houses.
All
those
had
to
go
through
their
plan
check
evaluation
services,
and
have
their
dynamic
and
static
tests
produced
to
prove
that
they
would
meet
seismic
test.
SOT:
Henry
Roe
Lisa
Starr
triple
dome
construction
establishing
shot
So
in
that
case,
Cal-‐Earth
was
actually
subjected
to
a
higher
standard
than
what
these
types
of
building
have
been.
But
some
of
that
can
actually
be
attributed
to
the
fact
that
it
was
an
unusual
shaped
structure
that
not
too
many
had
experience
with.
SOT:
Sheefteh
Khalili
On
camera
We’ve
been
able
to
work
with
the
building
department
very
successfully
over
the
years.
You
know
all
it
takes
is
a
little
persistence.
Obviously
because
this
isn’t
a
standard
for
architecture
that
not
everyone
is
familiar
with.
VO:
Narrator
Hesperia
Park
Lake
ALL
OF
THE
PROJECT
PROPOSALS
HAVE
BEEN
GRANTED
PERMITS
IN
SAN
BERNARDINO.
CAL-‐EARTH
WAS
EVEN
COMMISSIONED
BY
THE
PARKS
DISTRICT
TO
FIX
THE
HESPERIA
PARK
LAKE
USING
SUPER
ADOBE
TECHNOLOGY.
SOT:
Sheefteh
Khalili
Hesperia
Park
Lake
Here
in
Hesperia,
actually
in
the
mid
90’s
FEMA
hired
Cal-‐
Earth
to
put
edging
structure
into
the
lake
because
the
sides
of
the
lake
were
you
know
falling
apart.
And
it
was
difficult
for
people
to
stand
at
the
edge
to
fish
or
just
stand
near
the
edge.
So
we
were
able
to
create
something
11
like
a
levy
to
hold
in
the
water
and
the
flooding
never
happened.
You
know,
what
do
people
do
to
prevent
flooding,
they
put
sandbags,
and
that’s
exactly
what
this
is.
VO:
Narrator
Henry
Roe
looking
at
double
Eco-‐Dome
blueprints.
BOB
LIEN’S
DOUBLE
ECO-‐DOME
WAS
THE
FIRST
OF
ITS
KIND
IN
SAN
BERNARDINO
COUNTY.
THE
BLUEPRINTS
BECAME
THE
FIRST
SET
OF
STOCK
PLANS
FOR
THIS
TYPE
OF
CONSTRUCTION.
SOT:
Henry
Roe
Henry
Roe
looking
at
double
Eco-‐Dome
blueprints.
A
stock
plan
is
where
they
gain
the
approval
for
the
structure
and
it’s
not
plan
reviewed
every
single
time.
You
can
use
it
for
a
period
of
time
and
you
don’t
have
to
go
from
the
whole
plan
review
from
start
to
finish.
SOT:
Henry
Roe
Establishing
shot
of
Lisa
Starr’s
triple
Eco-‐Dome
construction
process
There
is
a
lot
of
stuff
that
has
to
be
done
on
a
vacant
lot
before
you
start
building
no
matter
what
kind
of
structure
you
are
going
to
build.
So
you
have
to
provide
for
fire
protections,
you
have
to
provide
for
water,
you
have
to
have
a
property
that
can
be
served
by
a
sewage
disposal
system
either
on
site
or
a
public
sewer
system.
You
can’t
start
building
the
house
and
start
looking
for
the
infrastructure
later.
VO:
Narrator
Lisa
Starr
triple
Eco-‐
Dome
construction
process
FIRST,
THE
BUILDING
DEPARTMENT
HAS
THE
BUILDERS
SEND
THEIR
SOIL
TO
A
LABORATORY
TO
MEASURE
ITS
CRUSH
STRENGTH.
SOT:
Henry
Roe
Lisa
Starr
triple
Eco-‐
Dome
construction
site.
They
had
to
meet
certain
standards
in
the
mix
that
fill
the
bags.
Things
have
to
meet
certain
crush
strength
to
make
sure
that
it
would
resist
earthquake
standards.
SOT:
Bob
Lien
We
went
through
that
process
and
it
took
some
time
after
that
to
get
a
particular
mixture
that
had
to
be
approved
by
a
soil
laboratory.
But
we’d
take
out
little
samples
of
soil
to
the
lab
and
they’d
say
that
it
wasn’t
working
because
this
soil
that
we
have
out
here,
as
one
local
grader
called
it,
‘poof
dirt.’
You
just
throw
it
up
and
it
12
‘poofs’
away.
SOT:
Bob
Lien
Lisa
Starr’s
workers
mixing
the
soil
with
cement.
So
we
tried
pea
gravel,
we
got
a
bucket
of
pea
gravel
mixed
that
we
got
at
our
local
hardware
store.
Mixed
it
and
added
cement
and
then
the
soil
lab
said
yeah.
VO:
Narrator
Lisa
Starr’s
workers
cutting
long
bags
ONCE
THE
MIXTURE
IS
READY,
IT’S
STUFFED
INTO
LONG
TUBE-‐SHAPED
PLASTIC
BAGS
THAT
CAL-‐EARTH
MANUFACTURED
TO
MAKE
THE
FILLING
PROCESS
EASIER.
SOT:
Sheefteh
Khalili
Lisa
Starr’s
workers
stuffing
the
long
bags
They
are
made
of
polypropylene.
We
sell
them
in
widths
from
12
to
26
inches
depending
on
the
size
of
your
building.
And
in
different
lengths
all
the
way
from
50
yards
up
to
150
yards
long.
SOT:
Sheefteh
Khalili
Lisa
Starr’s
workers
laying
down
and
tampering
the
bags.
People
say
“but
your
bags
are
not
eco
friendly,
they
are
made
of
plastic.”
And
yes
we
agree,
obviously
plastic
is
not
ideal.
But
it
worked
for
our
purposes
and
it
maintains
the
integrity
of
the
building
for
hundreds
of
years
really.
SOT:
Lisa
Star
On
Camera
We
went
to
Cal-‐Earth
and
we
bought
our
bags.
We
had
ordered
them
and
had
all
our
bags
ready
for
what
we
were
going
to
build.
And
we
took
our
Durango
there
and
all
the
bags
had
fit
in
the
back
of
our
car.
So
we
kind
of
drove
off
chuckling
that
my
entire
house
fit
in
the
back
of
our
Durango.
VO:
Narrator
Lisa
Starr’s
workers
using
the
large
metal
compass
LISA
STARR’S
PARTNER,
GABRIEL,
IS
THE
FOREMAN
FOR
THE
TRIPLE
DOME
PROJECT.
HE
WELDED
A
LARGE
METAL
COMPASSES
TO
HELP
WITH
THE
CONSTRUCTION
PROCESS.
NATSOT:
Foreman
The
nice
thing
about
this
is
that
we
don’t
have
to
deal
with
the
chain
on
the
interior.
It’s
all
a
solid
state.
So
it
just
rises
with
the
level
that
you’re
at.
And
then
you
would
stretch
the
height
compass
across.
Get
your
measurement
as
far
as
the
corbelling
is
coming
in.
And
13
you’d
set
it
and
you’d
just
walk
it
around
and
bag
that
layer.
And
I
think
we
really
increased
our
efficiency
and
accuracy
probably
by
as
much
as
twenty
to
twenty
five
percent.
VO:
Narrator
Wide
shot
of
Lisa
Starr’s
triple
dome
construction.
THROUGHOUT
THIS
ENTIRE
PROCESS,
THE
COUNTY
SENDS
SPECIAL
INSPECTORS
TO
PERIODICALLY
VISIT
THE
SITE.
SOT:
Henry
Roe
On
Camera
They
have
an
independent
person
who
verifies
that
the
hidden
parts
of
the
wall
are
constructed
as
the
design
called
for.
SOT:
Bob
Lien
On
Camera
Other
than
the
initial
thing
of
getting
the
plans
approved,
the
county
in
large
was
pretty
good
to
work
with.
The
inspectors
that
came
were
courteous.
I
think
they
really
wanted
us
to
succeed.
I
think
they
see
it
as
a
green
project.
VO:
Narrator
Lisa
Starr’s
stuffing
bags
THE
AMOUNT
OF
TIME
IT
TAKES
TO
COMPLETE
THE
LARGE
DOMES
DEPENDS
ON
THE
OWNER’S
FINANCIAL
ABILITY
TO
HIRE
LABOR.
VO:
Narrator
Lisa
Starr’s
workers
tampering
bags.
LISA
STARR
SAYS
SHE
EXPECTS
TO
INVEST
130
THOUSAND
DOLLARS
IN
THE
CONSTRUCTION
OF
HER
TRIPLE-‐ECO
DOME.
OF
THAT,
THIRTY
THOUSAND
DOLLARS
IS
INVESTED
IN
HIRING
A
FIVE-‐PERSON
CREW.
THEY
SLEEP
ON
SITE
AND
ARE
EXPECTED
TO
COMPLETE
TO
THE
SHELL
IN
TEN
TO
TWELVE
WEEKS.
SOT:
Lisa
Starr
On
Camera
Everyone
on
my
crew
has
been
an
alumni
from
Cal-‐Earth
and
they
have
a
passion
for
building
with
earth.
They
are
meticulous
and
they
pay
attention
to
detail.
I
mean
I
am
so
grateful,
and
I’m
so
confident
in
that
the
crew
that
I
have
hired
with
their
experience
of
building
with
these
14
domes
and
the
simplicity
of
it
and
the
intellectual
knowledge
they
have
been
able
to
grasp
by
with
this
technology
which
is
not
that
different
to
understand
and
comprehend.
VO:
Narrator
Inside
Mark
Reppert’s
Incomplete
double
Eco-‐
Dome
MARK
REPPERT
BEGAN
BUILDING
HIS
DOUBLE
ECO-‐
DOME
IN
2007
BUT
HAS
NOT
COMPLETED
IT.
THE
COUNTY
ENFORCED
A
REGULATION
THAT
CAUSED
HIM
A
FINANCIAL
SETBACK.
ACCORDING
TO
COUNTY
REGULATIONS,
A
STRUCTURE
MUST
BE
A
MINIMUM
OF
750
SQUARE
FEET
IF
THE
PLOT
OF
LAND
IS
LARGER
THAN
TWO
ACRES.
SOT:
Mark
Reppert
Inside
incomplete
double
Eco-‐Dome
I
didn’t
want
to
build
a
double.
I
had
to
build
more.
I
couldn’t
get
a
variance.
People
used
to
put
up
little
shacks
on
big
plots
of
land.
At
least
that’s
what
I
was
meant
to
believe.
They
said
if
you
are
going
to
build
it,
it’s
got
to
be
big
enough
for
people
to
live
in
it.
It
doubled
the
cost
of
building
the
place.
The
material,
digging,
the
whole
start
of
the
construction.
Pretty
much
doubled
what
I
was
planning
on
paying.
SOT:
Mark
Reppert
On
Camera
Of
course
we
started
out
at
a
bad
time
early
2008,
when
the
housing
market
was
taking
a
huge
dive.
It
was
impossible
to
get
a
loan.
I
had
the
money
to
start
the
construction,
I
was
hoping
to
get
a
loan,
finish
it,
and
turn
it
into
a
mortgage.
I
borrowed
some
money
initially
from
my
401K.
So
I’m
paying
that
back
in
5
years.
I
ran
out
of
that
money.
Of
course
I
have
an
income,
but
I’m
also
paying
off
the
loan,
paying
child
support
and
trying
to
live.
So
there
is
not
a
whole
lot
left
over
trying
to
spend
here.
So
when
I
get
a
couple
extra
hundred
dollars
I’ll
come
out
here
and
install
a
window
or
buy
a
load
of
cement
or
gravel.
SOT:
Mark
Reppert
Inside
incomplete
double
Eco-‐Dome.
I
was
thinking
that
maybe
we
could
do
it
for
$50,000.
We
didn’t
know
because
no
one
in
the
United
States
had
fully
15
completed
one
at
that
time.
Of
course
Bob
just
finished
his.
He
wasn’t
near
finishing
when
I
started.
SOT:
Bob
Lien
On
Camera
Labor
is
intensive
for
anybody
who
has
done
this,
for
anybody
who
would
like
to
do
this.
I
think
that
the
key
is
community.
I
think
that
the
key
is
having
people
in
your
social
environment,
people
who
support
you
and
work
for
you
for
free.
Otherwise
I
don’t
know
how
you
do
it.
Unless
you
have
a
lot
of
money.
I
think
it
does
work
very
well
with
family,
friends,
people
who
want
to
do
this
type
of
process
and
begin
to
put
something
like
this
up.
SOT:
Lisa
Star
On
Camera
So
this
is
not
a
type
of
technology
that
if
one
were
to
come
into
and
say
well
I
can
come
in
and
do
this
for
really
inexpensive,
you
know
I
can
just
build
a
pod
anywhere
or
a
super
adobe
earth
bag
house,
just
anywhere
for
a
little
money.
I
don’t
think
you
can
go
and
build
anything.
It’s
really
not
a
reality.
If
anyone
were
going
to
step
into
this
and
think
that
they
could
because
it’s
cheapest
way
to
do
it,
it’s
not
the
way
to
go.
SOT:
Lisa
Starr
Lisa
Starr’s
workers
stuffing
bags.
So
I
think
me
and
a
lot
of
folks
that
are
doing
this
and
have
a
lot
of
passion
for
this
type
of
construction
or
structure
technology,
is
that
we
see
the
value
in
building
the
structure
in
this
way
and
it
does
take
a
community
to
do
it.
And
so,
yeah,
I
feel
I’m
part
of
that
leadership
with
my
crew
and
everyone
else
in
this
way
that
we
are
the
earth
builders.
VO:
Narrator
Landscape
shots
of
San
Bernardino
mountains.
THE
SAN
BERNARDINO
DOMES
ARE
FOUND
IN
THE
MIDST
OF
A
RUGGED
DESERT.
THE
AREA
IS
FILLED
WITH
HIGH
WIND
ZONES
AND
SURROUNDED
BY
ROCKY
MOUNTAINS.
VO:
Narrator
Landscape
of
San
Andreas
Fault
THE
SAN
ANDREAS
FAULT
RUNS
THROUGH
A
POTION
OF
THE
DESERT
CLOSE
TO
WHERE
THE
DOMES
ARE
LOCATED.
THIS
MAKES
THEM
VULNERABLE
TO
HIGH
16
SEISMIC
ACTIVITY.
VO:
Narrator
Shots
of
the
tested
structures
on
the
Cal-‐
Earth
site.
IN
ORDER
TO
PROVE
THE
DOMES
CAN
STAND
AGAINST
AN
EARTHQUAKE,
NADER
KHALILI
AND
THE
CITY
OF
HESPERIA
PUT
SOME
OF
THE
DOMES
TO
THE
TEST.
SOT:
Sheefteh
Khalili
Shots
of
the
tested
structures
on
the
Cal-‐
Earth
site.
He
wanted
everyone
to
accept
this
not
as
alternative
architecture
but
as
a
solution.
So
he
decided
to
go
through
the
Building
Department
and
make
this
a
streamline
type
of
system.
And
for
years
he
fought
with
the
Building
Department
until
he
finally
convinced
a
private
company
to
come
here
and
do
seismic
testing
here
at
the
Cal-‐Earth.
SOT:
Sheefteh
Khalili
On
Camera
And
they
literally
wrapped
cable
beam
around
the
building
and
tried
to
pull
them
from
their
place
using
cement
trucks
full
of
tons
of
water,
trying
to
pull
them
from
their
place.
And
even
if
the
measuring
tool
had
moved
a
millimeter,
the
test
would
have
failed.
And
it
went
up
to
something
like
15,000
pounds
of
square
inch
of
pressure
and
it
got
to
the
point
that
the
building
equipment
began
to
fail.
SOT:
Henry
Roe
On
Camera
And
so
the
conclusion
was
that
it
met
minimum
code
standards.
And
that
part
has
not
changed.
And
although
the
codes
have
changed,
they
have
not
significantly
modified
the
forces
that
are
hypothetically
applied
to
a
building.
SOT:
Gregg
Brandow
On
Camera
Lots
of
buildings
that
have
been
engineered
don’t
perform
well
in
a
major
earthquake.
As
you
can
see
here
in
our
last
earthquake
here
in
Los
Angeles,
the
buildings
didn’t
perform
well.
In
every
earthquake
you’ve
got
to
learn
some
lessons.
Here
you
have
a
new
structural
system
that
has
never
been
tested
and
there
is
potential
that
it
won’t
perform
well
in
a
major
earthquake.
VO:
Narrator
Walking
through
USC
seismic
laboratory.
GREGG
BRANDOW
IS
A
STRUCTURAL
ENGINEER
AND
17
PROFESSOR
AT
THE
UNIVERSITY
OF
SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA.
HE
HELPED
TO
DEVELOP
A
SEISMIC
TESTING
LABORATORY
AT
THE
UNIVERSITY
AND
IS
ALSO
PART
OF
THE
ENGINEERING
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE,
AN
ORGANIZATION
THAT
STUDIES
EARTHQUAKE
DISASTERS
AROUND
THE
WORLD.
SOT:
Gregg
Brandow
On
Camera
The
building
code
makes
you
design
a
structure
for
a
certain
level
of
force,
which
isn’t
the
force
you
are
going
to
see
in
a
really
big
earthquake.
It’s
kind
of
the
force
you
are
going
to
see
in
a
moderate
earthquake.
I
think
a
single
dome
is
probably
a
safe
structure.
You
start
putting
domes
together
and
you
start
worrying
about
how
one
dome
is
connected
to
the
other.
And
if
you
have
an
earthquake,
how
is
the
relative
movement
from
one
dome
to
another
going
to
perform?
The
closer
to
the
epicenter
the
closer
the
up
and
down
motion.
The
up
and
down
motions
might
be
more
a
problem
to
these
structures
than
the
lateral
motions.
VO:
Narrator
Pictures
of
earthquakes
disasters
HE
SAYS,
HOWEVER,
THE
CURVATURE
OF
THE
SINGLE
DOMES
MAKE
THEM
RELATIVELY
SAFER
COMPARED
TO
THE
WOOD-‐
FRAMED
OR
BRICK
STRUCTURES.
SOT:
Gregg
Brandow
Pictures
of
earthquake
disasters
So,
I’ve
gone
and
visited
the
earthquakes
in
Greece,
Central
America,
Guatemala,
Chile,
and
around
here
in
Southern
California
and
Northern
California.
The
most
common
thing
is
that
the
structures
tend
to
pull
themselves
apart
in
an
earthquake.
Once,
things
start
coming
apart,
things
become
unstable
and
the
structure
collapses.
The
walls
separate
from
the
roofs
and
then
the
roofs
collapse
and
then
the
walls
fall
in.
SOT:
Gregg
Brandow
Bob
Lien
inside
The
curvature
uses
gravity
to
hold
the
structure
together.
So
as
long
as
that
earthquake
isn’t
strong.
enough
to
overcome
that
gravity
force,
then
they
are
very
18
stable
structures.
SOT:
Henry
Roe
On
Camera
We
are
very
careful
about
seismic
safety
here.
They
had
California
registered
engineers
that
were
working
with
them,
they
had
accredited
test
labs,
they
had
special
inspectors
that
we
generally
accepted
as
being
qualified.
It
didn’t
show
signs
of
distress
or
deflection
in
those
tests.
And
that
was
the
basis
for
the
county’s
approval
for
the
structures.
SOT:
Bob
Lien
On
Camera
Now,
can
anything
withstand
the
big
one?
I
think
that
remains
to
be
seen.
I’ve
actually
felt
a
couple
pretty
good
shakes
here.
And
you
kind
of
look
around
and
feel
when
the
earthquake
comes,
are
my
domes
going
to
hold
up?
My
sense
is
they
are
going
to
do
pretty
well.
VO:
Narrator
Playing
Video
Games
with
his
son.
BOB
LIEN
HAS
NOW
BEEN
LIVING
IN
HIS
DOUBLE
ECO-‐
DOME
FOR
CLOSE
TO
A
YEAR
WITH
HIS
SON.
SOT:
Bob
Lien
On
Camera
Even
though
we
are
in
the
United
States
and
it
costs
us
far
more
than
what
we
expected,
it’s
still
a
marvelous
alternative
to
ordinary
stick
houses.
That
point
is
brought
home.
When
you
drive
through
Cal-‐Earth
and
you
drive
through
the
little
track
area,
you
can
practically
reach
out
the
window
and
touch
the
home
next
to
you
and
these
little
tiny
boxes,
and
then
you
go
to
Cal-‐Earth
and
you
step
inside
their
Eco-‐Dome
or
their
Earth-‐1and
you
think
what
a
huge
difference
in
structure
and
feeling
and
you
begin
to
understand
in
a
deeper
way,
really
what
this
building
means
to
people.
SOT:
Lisa
Starr
On
Camera
Just
taking
the
earth
herself
and
actually
taking
it
and
manifesting
it
into
a
structure,
that’s
putting
a
dream
into
form
in
reality.
That’s
not
dimensional
and
esoteric.
We
are
literally
seeing
a
vision
and
make
it
out
of
you
know,
a
sustenance
of
the
earth,
her
skin.
It’s
really
a
sacred
element.
SOT:
Sheefteh
Khalili
On
camera
You
know
I’d
really
love
to
see
some
low-‐income
housing
built
this
way.
And
not
only
built
this
way
but
built
by
the
people
who
are
going
to
live
in
it.
19
I
think
it
would
become
an
economic
opportunity
for
people
to
become
trained
builders
and
build
their
own
home
and
provide
so
much
confidence,
and
you
know
really
empower
somebody
in
that
way.
And
they
are
not
going
to
get
stuck
with
the
bank
for
30
years
and
fear
foreclosure.
It’s
really
unfortunate.
SOT:
Bob
Lien
Bob
inside
dome
Eco-‐
Dome.
Hindsight
they
say
is
20/20.
Initially
I
talked
about
the
feeling
I
had.
And
now
that
I’m
here
And
have
done
the
headache,
done
the
work
being
here,
I
do
wonder
whether
I
felt
it
would
be
such
a
powerful
feeling
as
it
really
is.
I
do
use
terms
such
as
sacred
when
you
step
inside
a
dome
there
is
something
there
that
happens.
and
I
think
that
was
part
of
the
motivation.
There
are
alternative
structures
that
Cal-‐Earth
presents.
But
for
me
the
dome
just
feels
right.
SOT:
Bob
Lien
Tilt
up
to
sky
light.
It’s
a
light
lifting
experience.
20
Abstract (if available)
Abstract
Bob Lien, Mark Reppert, and Lisa Starr are building earth domes using Super Adobe technology in San Bernardino County’s Mojave Desert. It’s a building method that uses only earth, bags, and barbed wire. The Super Adobe technique was developed by the California Institute of Earth Art and Architecture, a non-profit organization in the City of Hesperia. The organization’s original focus was to develop a way to build emergency and semi-permanent shelters in third world countries for people who have little access to resources. But it has now become a recent trend for alternative housing in Southern California. ❧ The documentary will explore the economic and environmental incentives that drove these three southern Californian residents to build residential domes. Interviews with experts such as the San Bernardino County Official from the Building and Safety Department and a professor and structural engineer from the University of Southern California describe how the owners must first comply with California’s rigorous building seismic codes for the construction to even begin. ❧ The purpose of this piece is to document the first Super Adobe domes builders in the United States who have been successful in complying with the United States and California’s building codes. It also touches upon the economic hardships that caused these American owners to build an earthen home that’s intended to be used for third world refugees.
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Asset Metadata
Creator
Delgadillo, Sharis Daneri
(author)
Core Title
Cal-Earth comes
School
Annenberg School for Communication
Degree
Master of Arts
Degree Program
Journalism (Broadcast Journalism)
Publication Date
12/07/2011
Defense Date
12/06/2011
Publisher
University of Southern California
(original),
University of Southern California. Libraries
(digital)
Tag
Cal-Earth domes,OAI-PMH Harvest,super adobe technology
Language
English
Contributor
Electronically uploaded by the author
(provenance)
Advisor
Birman, Daniel H. (
committee chair
), Brandow, Gregg (
committee member
), Pryor, Lawrence (
committee member
)
Creator Email
sharis.delgadillo@gmail.com
Permanent Link (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.25549/usctheses-c3-213625
Unique identifier
UC11290496
Identifier
usctheses-c3-213625 (legacy record id)
Legacy Identifier
etd-Delgadillo-451-1.pdf
Dmrecord
213625
Document Type
Thesis
Rights
Delgadillo, Sharis Daneri
Type
texts
Source
University of Southern California
(contributing entity),
University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses
(collection)
Access Conditions
The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the a...
Repository Name
University of Southern California Digital Library
Repository Location
USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus MC 2810, 3434 South Grand Avenue, 2nd Floor, Los Angeles, California 90089-2810, USA
Tags
Cal-Earth domes
super adobe technology