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The development of a certificated personnel record form for salary purposes in the small school district

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The development of a certificated personnel record form for salary purposes in the small school district

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Content THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CERTIFICATED PERSONNEL RECORD FORM
FOR SALARY SCHEDULE PURPOSES IN THE SMALL SCHOOL DISTRICT
A P r o j e c t
P r e s e n te d t o
The F a c u lty o f th e S c h o o l o f E d u c a tio n
The U n iv e r s it y o f S o u th ern C a l i f o r n ia
In P a r t i a l F u l f il l m e n t
o f th e R e q u ir e m e n ts f o r th e D egree
M aster o f S c ie n c e I n E d u c a tio n
hy
Max LaRue F orn ey
A u g u st 1948
U M I Number: EP45416
All rights reserved
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\
This project report, written under the direction
of the candidate’s adviser and approved by him,
has been presented to and accepted by the Faculty
of the School of Education in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of Master of
Science in Education.
Date..
A dviser
Dean
t a b l e of c o n t e n t s
CHAPTER PAGE
I . THE PROBLEM AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED . . . 1
The p r o b l e m ......................... 1
S ta te m e n t o f th e p rob lem ......................... 1
Im p o rta n ce o f th e s t u d y ............................................... 2
D e f i n i t i o n s o f ter m s u sed . . . . . . . . . . 3
S a la r y s c h e d u le . . . . . ..................................... . 3
P la c em e n t on s c h e d u le ............................................... . 3
C la s s on s c h e d u le ............................................... 4
S te p on s c h e d u le .............................. 4
T e a ch in g c r e d e n t i a l ......................................................... 4
S a la r y in c r e m e n t . . . . 4
T r a n s c r ip t o f r e c o r d .. .... ..................... 4
T enure s t a t u s ............................................................. 5
O r g a n iz a tio n o f th e rem a in d er o f th e
p r o j e c t . . . » ................................... 5
I I . REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
P r e v io u s s t u d i e s .......................... . . . . . . . . 6
I I I . PRESENT PRACTICES .................................... 15
IV . THE PURPOSE O F THIS PROJECT..................................... 19
V. RECORD FORMS FORM AT . . . . . ........................................... 25
iii
CHAPTER PAGE
V I. SUM M A R Y AND CONCLUSIONS . . . ........................... 28
Summary .......................... 28
R ecom m endations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
BIBLIOGRAPHY.......................... ....................................................................... 32
A P P E N D IX ................................................... . 35
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND DEFINITION OF TERMS USED
The v a lu e and n e e d o f a c c u r a te and c o m p le te p e r s o n n e l
r e c o r d s f o r c e r t i f i c a t e d p e r s o n n e l i n p u b lic s c h o o l s h a s
n o t a lw a y s b e e n r e c o g n iz e d . In la r g e c i t y s y s t e m s , b e c a u s e
o f th e number o f e m p lo y e e s c o n c e r n e d , some form o f r e c o r d
w as d e v is e d and k e p t . T h ese w ere in n o way s t a n d a r d iz e d ,
o r k e p t a c c o r d in g t o any s e t p a t t e r n o r p r i n c i p l e . Now
s c h o o l s y s te m s o f a l l s i z e s a r e fa c e d w ith th e t a s t o f k e e p in g
r e c o r d s o f t h e i r c e r t i f i c a t e d p e r s o n n e l. As th e y move and
t r a n s f e r from c i t y t o c i t y , d i s t r i c t t o d i s t r i c t and s t a t e
t o s t a t e , in fo r m a tio n m ust be a v a i l a b l e t o go w it h them to
t h e i r new l o c a t i o n .
C om p lete and a c c u r a te r e c o r d s a r e a l s o n e c e s s a r y f o r
p e r s o n n e l on te n u r e in th e sy s te m . In t h i s c a s e i t i s k e p t
t o show th e p r o p e r s a la r y p la c e m e n t and t o r e c o r d th e
a ca d em ic e x p e r ie n c e o f th e i n d i v i d u a l .
I . THE PROBLEM
S ta te m e n t o f th e p r o b le m . W ith th e c h a n g e s i n s c h o o l
lav/ a f f e c t i n g s a l a r i e s , t e n u r e , and c r e d e n t i a l s i t h a s
becom e e v id e n t t h a t a c o m p le te and a c c u r a te r e c o r d m ust be
2
k e p t o f e a ch member o f t h e c e r t i f i c a t e d s t a f f . As p e r s o n n e l
move from p la c e t o p la c e th e new e m p lo y e r r e q u ir e s e v id e n c e
o f p a s t e x p e r ie n c e , s a l a r y , reco m m en d a tio n s, and p r o f e s s i o n a l
t r a i n i n g .
W ith th e g r e a t in c r e a s e i n th e u se o f S a la r y S c h e d u le s ,
th e n e c e s s i t y o f c o m p le te , a c c u r a te r e c o r d s i s ev en more
a p p a r e n t. Such' r e c o r d s m ust be k e p t i n p r o p e r form so t h a t
th e y can b e su b m itte d a s l e g a l e v id e n c e i n c a s e o f d is p u t e .
The p rob lem o f k e e p in g a r e c o r d o f c e r t i f i c a t e d
p e r s o n n e l b ecom es a l o c a l p rob lem i n t h a t th e form and
c o m p le x ity o f th e r e c o r d w i l l vary w it h th e s i z e and w e a lth
o f th e d i s t r i c t c o n c e r n e d . A la r g e c i t y d i s t r i c t o f g r e a t
w e a lth w i l l p r o b a b ly h a v e a c o m p le te d ep a rtm en t f o r t h i s
p u rp o se a lo n e . H ere, num erous c le r k s w ith e x p e n s iv e m a ch in es
may do th e w ork. Thus a l a r g e r d i s t r i c t may s o l v e th e
p rob lem more e a s i l y th a n th e s m a ll o n e . The s m a lle r d i s t r i c t
may be l i m i t e d t o a s i n g l e p a r t tim e , I n e x p e r ie n c e d c l e r k
w ith o n ly a t y p e w r it e r a s an a i d .
T h is p r o j e c t w i l l b e c o n c e r n e d c h i e f l y , w ith o r g a n iz in g
a r e c o r d form f o r th e s m a ll d i s t r i c t w ith l i m i t e d m eans,
eq u ip m en t and c l e r i c a l a s s i s t a n c e .
Im p o rta n ce o f th e s t u d y . P e r s o n n e l r e c o r d s a re
b ecom in g I n c r e a s in g ly im p o r ta n t i n o u r co m p lex s o c i e t y .
3
T h is i s e v id e n t i n w o rk in g w ith S o c i a l S e c u r it y Laws, Incom e
Tax Laws and th e r e c e n t e x p e r ie n c e o f th e M ilit a r y D r a ft
Law.. A d i s t r i c t or sy ste m r e g a r d le s s o f s i z e h a s t o f i l e
th e r e p o r t s r e q u ir e d by t h e s e F e d e r a l a g e n c ie s .
W ith th e I n c r e a s e d u se o f S a la r y S c h e d u le s in sm a ll
s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s , p e r s o n n e l a c c o u n tin g sy ste m s h a v e assum ed
a r o le o f m ajor im p o r ta n c e . A cadem ic t r a i n in g and e x p e r ie n c e
now becom e a m easure e x p r e s s e d in d o l l a r s f o r th e p e r s o n
c o n c e r n e d . T h is may becom e a l e g a l i s s u e f o r c o u r t s to
s o lv e in c a s e o f e r r o r s in th e r e c o r d . Thus a r e c o r d sy ste m
f o r a s m a ll d i s t r i c t m ust be s im p le , I n e x p e n s iv e , e a s i l y
a v a i l a b l e and l e g a l l y c o r r e c t .
I I . DEFINITIONS OF TEBMS USED
S a la r y S c h e d u le . S a la r y S c h e d u le i s in t e r p r e t e d a s
m ean ing a p r e d e te r m in e d r a t e o f p ay b a se d on a ca d em ic t r a i n
in g and e x p e r ie n c e . The s c h e d u le show s th e r a t e o f in c r e a s e
and r e a so n f o r in c r e a s e p r o j e c t e d i n t o th e p e r s o n s f u t u r e
f o r a r e a s o n a b le p e r io d of y e a r s . The s a la r y s c h e d u le
s h o u ld e x i s t a s a p r in t e d form e a s i l y a c c e s s i b l e and
u n d e r s ta n d a b le by a l l c o n c e r n e d .
P la c e m e n t On S c h e d u le . The term p la c e m e n t on t h e
4
s c h e d u le a s u se d h e r e m eans th e p r o p e r l o c a t i o n a c c o r d in g t o
a ca d em ic t r a i n i n g and y e a r s o f e x p e r ie n c e in d e te r m in in g th e
money r e c e i v a b l e u n d er th e t e a c h in g c o n t r a c t .
C la s s on S c h e d u le . C la s s on S c h e d u le i s I n t e r p r e t e d
a s m eaning th e p la c e on th e s c h e d u le a s d e te r m in e d by
a ca d em ic t r a i n i n g o n ly . F o r ex a m p le, C la s s I m eans th e
p e r s o n h o ld s a B a c h e lo r s D egree a s h i s h i g h e s t a ca d em ic
a c c o m p lish m e n t.
S te p on S c h e d u le . The s te p on th e s a la r y s c h e d u le i s
th e p r o p e r p la c e m e n t a s d e te r m in e d by e x p e r ie n c e o n ly . For
e x a m p le, S tep Ten w ou ld mean c r e d i t w as b e in g g iv e n f o r te n
y e a r s 1 e x p e r i e n c e .
T e a ch in g C r e d e n t ia l. The t e a c h in g c r e d e n t i a l i s th e
c e r t i f i c a t e g r a n te d by th e p r o p e r S t a t e a u t h o r i t y a llo w in g
th e p e r so n t o t e a c h s p e c i f i e d s u b j e c t s o r g r a d e s when
r e q u ir e m e n ts , a s s e t up by th e a u t h o r i t i e s , h a v e b e e n m et.
S a la r y In c r e m e n t. The s a la r y in c r e m e n t i s th e r a t e
o f s a la r y in c r e a s e u s u a lly b a se d on y e a r ly c h a n g e , due t o
a d d i t io n a l a ca d em ic work and add ed e x p e r ie n c e .
T r a n s c r ip t o f R e co r d . A t r a n s c r i p t o f r e c o r d i s t o
b e in t e r p r e t e d a s th e o f f i c i a l r e c o r d o f a ca d em ic or work
&
e x p e r ie n c e a s k e p t and a p p ro v ed by some one i n a u t h o r i t y .
Such a r e c o r d i s u s u a l l y k e p t b y th e C o lle g e or U n iv e r s i t y .
The work e x p e r ie n c e r e c o r d i s k e p t by th e s c h o o l d i s t r i c t .
The t r a n s c r i p t o f r e c o r d s s h o u ld b e stam p ed o r s ig n e d by
some one i n a u t h o r i t y .
T enure S t a t u s . The te n u r e s t a t u s o f th e p e r s o n n e l
means th e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a c c o r d in g t o S t a t e Law i n t o c l a s s e s
o f (1 ) P erm an en t, (2 ) P r o b a tio n a r y , ( 3 ) Tem porary p e r s o n n e l.
T h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d ep en d s on y e a r s o f s e r v i c e i n t h a t
d i s t r i c t and th e s i z e o f th e d i s t r i c t .
I I I . ORGANIZATION O F THE REMAINDER OF THE PROJECT
O r g a n iz a tio n o f th e p r o j e c t . The r e m a in in g p a r t o f
t h i s p r o j e c t w i l l be d e v o te d t o : C h ap ter I I "A R eview o f
th e L it e r a t u r e " w ith p a r t i c u l a r a t t e n t i o n t o p r e v io u s s t u d i e s
o f th e p r o b le m . C h ap ter I I I “P r e s e n t P r a c t ic e s '4 w ith some
sam ple form s o f r e c o r d s now b e in g u s e d . C h ap ter IV “The
P u rp o se o f T h is P r o j e c t ." C h ap ter V w i l l d i s c u s s "R ecord
Forms F orm at." Summary and C o n c lu s io n s w i l l be p r e s e n te d
i n C h ap ter V I. A B ib lio g r a p h y and A p p en d ix c o n c lu d e s t h i s
p r o j e c t .
CHAPTER I I
REVIEW O F SELECTED STUDIES AND RELATED LITERATURE
T here a r e c e r t a i n s t u d i e s and l i t e r a t u r e t h a t g iv e
i n s i g h t t o th e p rob lem o f c e r t i f i c a t e d p e r s o n n e l a c c o u n tin g
and a r e o f g r e a t v a lu e i n f o r m u la tin g a p r a c t i c a l s o l u t i o n .
The o n e s p r e s e n t e d and d e s c r ib e d h e r e h ave b e e n s e l e c t e d a s
b e in g b a s i c and o f g r e a t e s t u s e .
I . STUDIES OF CRITERIA O F RECORD FORMS
The stu d y by Ganders,-*- p u b lis h e d i n 1 9 2 6 , c o n s id e r e d
th e p rob lem o f a l l r e c o r d s and r e c o r d form s f o r s c h o o l s in
s m a lle r c i t i e s . F i f t e e n c i t i e s w ith p o p u la t io n r a n g in g
from 5 ,0 0 0 t o 1 5 ,0 0 0 w ere c o n s id e r e d . T h ese c i t i e s w ere
v i s i t e d and s t u d ie d a t f i r s t h a n d . They w ere fo u n d t o be
t y p i c a l f o r p e r s o n n e l and o r g a n iz a t io n f o r c i t i e s o f t h i s
s i z e . The r e c o r d s and i n d i v i d u a l it e m s k e p t by them w ere
c l a s s i f i e d and ra n k ed . A l l r e c o r d s s t u d ie d w ere d iv id e d
i n t o th r e e g r o u p s . T h ese w ere, G en er a l A c c o u n ts , P e r s o n n e l
1 H arry S t a n le y G an d ers, A System o f S c h o o l R ecord s
and R e p o r ts f o r S m a lle r C i t i e s ( G r e e le y ," C o lo r a d o : C o lo ra d o
S t a t e T e a c h e r 1s C o lle g e , 1 9 2 6 ) , p . 6 ..
7
A c co u n ts and P r o p e r ty A c c o u n ts . G anders p r e s e n t s te n p ro b lem s
in S c h o o l a c c o u n tin g i n th e s m a lle r c i t i e s a s a r e s u l t o f h i s
s u r v e y . They a r e l i s t e d a s f o l l o w s :
a . The am ount and q u a l i t y o f s c h o o l a c c o u n t in g i s
c u r t a i l e d by i n s u f f i c i e n t and u n tr a in e d c l e r i c a l
a s s i s t a n t s .
b . V a r ia tio n i n th e a ss ig n m e n t o f f u n c t i o n s t o p a r t i c u
l a r p e r s o n n e l m akes f o r la c k o f u n ifo r m ity in
r e c o r d in g and r e p o r t i n g . A d u a l sy ste m o f a d m in is t r a
t i o n o f s c h o o ls m akes f o r i n e f f i c i e n c i e s i n a c c o u n t
in g f o r p r o p e r ty . T yp es o f a c c o u n t in g fo rm s v a ry
t o an u n j u s t i f i a b l e e x t e n t .
c . E x i s t i n g s c h o o l a c c o u n ts la c k p erm a n en ce.
d . The c u m u la tiv e f e a t u r e i s l a c k i n g .
e . A c c o u n ts a r e u n w a r r a n te d ly c o m p le x .
f . D u p lic a t io n o f e f f o r t r e s u l t s from th e f a c t t h a t
p o s s i b l e c o m b in a tio n s o f e le m e n ts h a v e n o t b een
e f f e c t e d .
g . T here a r e in a c c u r a c ie s and d e la y s i n m aking o u t
r e c o r d s and r e p o r t s .
h . D ata d o e s n o t r e a c h p a tr o n s i n an u n d e r s ta n d a b le
fo rm .
1 . T here a r e o m is s io n s o f e n t i r e p h a s e s o f s c h o o l
a c c o u n t in g .
j . T here a r e f a u l t s in th e m ake-up o f e le m e n t s .^
The ab o v e m e n tio n e d ite m s c o u ld s e r v e a s th e b a s ic
c r i t e r i a f o r a s a t i s f a c t o r y r e c o r d sy ste m o f th e p r e s e n t day.
A c o n t r a s t in g s tu d y was made by A rm strong3 and th e
2 I b i d . , p p . 4 0 - 4 1 .
3 N ob le Boyd A rm stron g, T e a c h e r -A c c o u n tin g R ecord
Forms f o r L arge C i t i e s ( N a s h v i l l e , T e n n e s s e e : G eorge
P eab ody C o lle g e F or T e a c h e r s, 1 9 3 5 ) , p p . 1 - 1 2 4 .
8
r e s u l t s w ere made known i n 1 9 5 5 . In h i s work c o n c e r n in g
p r a c t i c e s a s c a r r ie d on i n la r g e c i t i e s he r e c e iv e d a n sw e rs
t o q u e s t io n n a ir e s from 8 9 c i t i e s w ith p o p u la t io n o v e r 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 .
He a l s o r e c e i v e d m a t e r ia l and a id from 32 S t a t e D ep artm en ts
o f E d u c a tio n , and a b o a rd o f 19 j u d g e s .
When A rm strong made h i s stu d y h e s t a t e d :
A th o r o u g h a n a l y s i s o f a l l a v a i l a b l e b ib lio g r a p h y on
th e s u b j e c t o f a d m in is t r a t iv e t e a c h in g p e r s o n n e l r e v e a l s
th e f a c t t h a t t h e r e h a s b e e n v e r y l i t t l e stu d y o f t e a c h e r -
a c c o u n tin g p e r s e . P r a c t i c a l l y n o th in g h a s b e e n done t o
fo r m u la te a s ta n d a r d iz e d sy s te m o f te a c h e r a c c o u n t in g .
The term te a c h e r a c c o u n t in g h a s b e e n u sed by a few
w r i t e r s , b u t i t in v a r ia b ly a p p e a r s o n ly I n c i d e n t a l l y i n
c o n n e c tio n w ith a d i s c u s s i o n o f some su ch r e l a t e d t o p i c
a s t e a c h e r r a t i n g , a d ju stm e n t s e r v i c e , t e a c h e r tu r n
o v e r and te n u r e , or th e work o f p la c e m e n t b u r e a u s .
T e a c h e r s' a g e n c ie s o f th e p u r e ly co m m ercia l ty p e h a v e
ta k e n th e i n i t i a t i v e i n s e c u r in g and r e c o r d in g a t e a c h e r ' s
s c h o l a s t i c p r e p a r a tio n , p r o f e s s i o n a l t r a i n in g and
e x p e r ie n c e . Y et t h i s in fo r m a tio n i s u s u a lly t r e a t e d a s
o f tem p orary v a lu e and may be d is c a r d e d when th e im
m e d ia te p u r p o se h a s b e e n s e r v e d .
A stu d y o f th e v a r io u s m ethods u sed f o r r a t i n g te a c h e r
e f f i c i e n c y s u g g e s t t h a t th e u n d e r ly in g p r i n c i p l e s o f
te a c h e r a c c o u n tin g a r e b a se d on, and a r e a n a t u r a l
o u tg ro w th o f , te a c h e r r a t i n g . In th e f i r s t T e a ch er s
C o lle g e C o n tr ib u tio n t o E d u c a tio n th e r e w ere p r e s e n t e d
d a ta u sed in d e te r m in in g th e c o r r e l a t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s
b etw een t e a c h in g e f f i c i e n c y and s c h o la r s h ip . I t was
n e c e s s a r y to c o n s id e r th e t e a c h e r ' s acad em ic and p r o f e s
s i o n a l t r a i n i n g , b ack grou n d o f e x p e r ie n c e , te n u r e in th e
same p o s i t i o n , e t c . , t o make th e c o r r e l a t i o n m e a n in g f u l.4
In c o n c lu d in g h i s v e r y p r a c t i c a l and c o m p r e h e n siv e
stu d y A rm strong s t a t e s f u r t h e r t h a t th e f o l lo w in g 37 ite m s
4 I b i d . , p . 3 .
9
and 13 r e c o r d form s w h ich s u c c e s s f u l l y p a s s e d a l l c r i t e r i a
a s a p p lie d sh o u ld n o t be o m itte d from a u n iv e r s a l te a c h e r
a c c o u n t in g s y s te m .
The l i s t a s p r e s e n t e d by A rm strong i s a s f o l l o w s :
1 . Name
2 . O f f i c i a l s ig n a t u r e
3 . D a te s o f r e c o r d s
4 . Name o f s c h o o l w here te a c h in g
5 .
P erm anent a d d r e s s
6 . C o lle g e d e g r e e s and c r e d i t s
7 . Name and l o c a t i o n o f c o l l e g e a t te n d e d
8 . D ate o f t e a c h in g e x p e r ie n c e s
9 . D a te s o f c o l l e g e t r a in in g
1 0 . D a te s o f n orm al t r a i n in g
1 1 . Name and l o c a t i o n o f n orm al a t te n d e d
1 2 . T y p e -o f c e r t i f i c a t e h e ld
1 3 . G rade o r s u b j e c t t e a c h in g
1 4 . D ate o f b i r t h
1 5 . C ourse p u rsu e d i n c o l l e g e
1 6 . T o t a l y e a r s o f e x p e r ie n c e
1 7 . Norm al d e g r e e s , d ip lo m a s and c r e d i t s
1 8 . H ours o f p r o f e s s i o n a l t r a i n i n g
1 9 . D ate g r a d u a te d from c o l l e g e
2 0 . D ate c e r t i f i c a t e e x p ir e s
2 1 . D ate g r a d u a te d from norm al
2 2 . D egree from s p e c i a l s c h o o l
2 3 . A nnual s a la r y
2 4 . M arried
2 5 . D ate o f c e r t i f i c a t e i s s u e
2 6 . M onthly s a l a r y
2 7 .
Age
2 8 . S u b j e c t s i n w h ich c e r t i f i e d
2 9 . G raduate d e g r e e s and c r e d i t s
3 0 . Race
3 1 . C o u rses ta k e n i n summer s c h o o l
3 2 . Number o f t e a c h e r s in sy s te m
3 3 . S c h e d u le o f p e r io d s
3 4 . Type n o n - t e a c h in g e x p e r ie n c e
3 5 . M em bership i n e d u c a t io n a l o r g a n iz a t io n s
3 6 . C h a r a c te r r a ttin g
3 7 . S ex
10
Record, fo rm s:
1 . T e a c h e r 's P erm anent R ecord
2 . A p p lic a t io n B lan k
3 . R e fe r e n c e B lan k
4 . M e d ic a l E x a m in a tio n B lank
5 . S e r v ic e R ecord
6 . G en era l R a tin g B lan k
?. P r o f e s s i o n a l S tu d y R ecord
8 . S a la r y R ecord
9 . T e a c h e r 's C o n tr a c t
1 0 . T e a c h e r 's A ssig n m e n t
1 1 . G en er a l I n fo r m a tio n B lan k
1 2 . N o t ic e o f A p p oin tm en t
1 3 . P r i n c i p a l ' s R a tin g B la n k 5
The ite m s and fo rm s l i s t e d h e r e a r e ran k ed in d e s c e n d -
in g o r d e r o f im p o r ta n c e .
A more r e c e n t stu d y by D a v ie s 6 d e s c r i b e s a p r o c e d u r e
a lm o st I d e n t i c a l w ith th e one u sed i n t h i s p r o j e c t . S am p les
o f form s w ere s e c u r e d from s e v e n s c h o o l s y s te m s . Ite m s and
fo rm s w ere s t u d ie d and th e n c l a s s i f i e d . The m ost common
ite m s and form was th e n a p p lie d to D a v ie s ' im m ed iate
s i t u a t i o n .
The r e s u l t s o f t h i s work seem t o g o a lo n g th e same
p a t t e r n a s t h a t fo u n d in th e e a r l i e r s t u d i e s m e n tio n e d .
5 I b i d . , p p . 9 9 -1 0 0 .
6 D. R. D a v ie s , " T e a c h e r 's R ecord System or Museum
P ie c e ," The N a tio n s S c h o o ls 3 6 : 4 1 - 2 , D ecem ber, 1 9 4 3 .
11
I I . AUTHORITATIVE REFERENCES TO PERSONNEL ACCOUNTING
T h is p h a se o f th e work w i l l n o t be c o m p le te u n le s s
th e e f f o r t s o f su ch w r i t e r s a s M erlam ,7 E l l i o t t , Q W h itn e y ,9
and Alm ack10 w ere m e n tio n e d . Each one h a s had some e f f e c t
i n th e f i e l d o f t e a c h e r a c c o u n tin g , b u t t h e y w ere more c l o s e l y
r e l a t e d t o th e p rob lem o f t e a c h e r r a t i n g , e f f i c i e n c y and
s u c c e s s . The v e r y n a tu r e o f t h e i r work w as s i g n i f i c a n t
b e c a u se i t a g a in show s how th e more r e c e n t f i e l d o f t e a c h e r
a c c o u n tin g sp ra n g from a r e l a t e d f i e l d o f t e a c h e r r a t i n g .
The in f l u e n c e o f Heck^-l h a s a l s o b een o f v a l u e . He
d e v e lo p e d p r o c e d u r e s and fo rm s f o r p u p il p e r s o n n e l a c c o u n tin g
w h ich w ere a l s o o f u se to th e a c c o u n tin g o f c e r t i f i c a t e d
p e r s o n n e l.
J . L. M erlam , Norm al S c h o o l E d u c a tio n and E f f i c i e n c y
i n T e a ch in g (New Y ork: T e a c h e r s C o lle g e ' C oritrib u tT on to
E d u c a tio n , N o. 1 , C olum bia U n iv e r s i t y , 1 9 0 6 ) , p p . 1 - 1 5 2 .
8 Edward C. E l l i o t t , "A T e n t a t iv e Scheme f o r th e
M easurem ent o f T e a ch in g E f f i c i e n c y ," N in th Y earb ook o f
N a t io n a l S o c i e t y f o r th e Stu dy o f E d u c a tio n , P a r t I I , 1 9 1 0 .
9
F . L. W h itn ey, The P r e d i c t i o n o f T e a c h in g S u c c e s s
(J o u r n a l o f E d u c a tio n a l R e se a r c h , M onograph N o. 6 . B loom in g
to n , I l l i n o i s : P u b lic S c h o o l P u b lis h in g Company, 1 9 2 4 ) .
10
Joh n C. A lm a c k ,- " S e le c t io n o f T e a c h e r s ," The
A m erican S c h o o l B oard J o u r n a l, 6 1 : 2 9 - 3 1 , N ovem ber, 1 9 2 0 .
H A rch 0 . H eck, A S tu d y o f C h ild -A c c o u n tln g R eco rd s
(C olum bus, O h io: The O hio S t a t e U n iv e r s it y , 1 9 2 5 ) , p p . 1 - 2 4 6 .
12
The work o f E n gleh ar& t and S t r a y e r 1 ^ m oves a lo n g th e
same l i n e s a s t h a t o f H eck. The b a s i s o f t h e i r work was
r e p o r t in g fo rm s i n g e n e r a l w h ile th e s t r e s s was p la c e d on
p u p il- a c c o u n t in g p r o c e d u r e s . The r e c o r d sy ste m d e v is e d by
them was a p r o g r e s s iv e s t e p i n th e d i r e c t i o n o f u n ifo rm
s c h o o l a c c o u n tin g r e c o r d s . A lth o u g h a s s t a t e d b e f o r e , th e
s t r e s s was on p u p il- a c c o u n t in g , t h r e e o f t h e i r r e c o r d s f o r
t e a c h e r s a r e in g e n e r a l u se to d a y .
R e a v i s ,13 i n a more r e c e n t work ad d s e v id e n c e t o th e
n e e d and Im p o rta n ce o f t e a c h e r - a c c o u n t in g p r o c e d u r e s when
h e s t a t e s :
th e p r i n c i p l e o f c u m u la tiv e r e c o r d s h a s b een a c c e p te d
a s n e c e s s a r y t o a d e q u a te p u p il e v a l u a t i o n . . I f i t i s
w o r th w h ile to m a in ta in an e la b o r a t e p e r s o n a l f i l e f o r
e a c h c h i l d in s c h o o l, th e m a in te n a n c e o f e q u a lly
d e t a i l e d r e c o r d s f o r th e t e a c h e r s , who w i l l I n f lu e n c e
d o z e n s o f c h ild r e n a n n u a lly and th o u sa n d s o f c h ild r e n
in th e c o u r s e o f a l i f e tim e , c a n n o t be n e g l e c t e d . 14
He a l s o e n c o u r a g e s th e one who i s f e a r f u l o f s e t t i n g up
su ch a sy ste m b e c a u se o f fin a n cJ d . o r c l e r i c a l l i m i t a t i o n s .
3-2 G eorge D. S t r a y e r , and N ic h o la s L. E n g le h a r d t,
A S c o r e Card and S ta n d a r d s f o r th e R eco rd s and R e p o r ts o f
C ity S c h o o l S y stem s (New Y ork: B u reau o f P u b l i c a t i o n s ,
-T e a ch er * s C o lle g e , C olum bia U n iv e r s it y , 1 9 2 3 ) , p p . 1 - 8 1 .
1 3 w illia m C. R e a v is , E v a lu a tio n o f T ea ch er M e r it
i n C ity S c h o o l S y stem s (S u p p lem en ta ry E d u c a tio n a l Monograph
N o . "59. C h ic a g o : U n iv e r s it y o f C h ic a g o , J a n u a r y , 1 9 4 5 ) ,
p . 1 2 4 .
L o c . c i t
13
The c o l l e c t i n g and f i l i n g o f d a ta r e g a r d in g e a c h te a c h e r
n e e d n o t b e an o v erw h elm in g a d m in is t r a t iv e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y ' .
S y s te m a tiz e d and r o u t i n l z e d p r a c t i c e s s h o u ld make th e
t a s k r e a s o n a b ly e a s y . M im eographed fo rm s may be d e v is e d
t o f a c i l i t a t e th e r e c o r d in g o f c e r t a i n ty p e s o f d a t a .
A s c h e d u le may be a r r a n g e d t o s i m p l i f y c o l l e c t i o n p r o
c e d u r e s , and a s e c r e t a r y may b e a s s ig n e d r e s p o n s i b i l i t y
f o r k e e p in g th e e v a lu a t io n r e c o r d s up t o d a t e . 1& '
I I I . SU M M A R Y
A r e v ie w o f th e l i t e r a t u r e r e v e a l s f o u r m ain p o i n t s
t h a t seem t o i n f l u e n c e any c o n c lu s io n s or recom m en d atio n s
t h a t may be p r e s e n t e d .
F i r s t - Few s t u d i e s h ave b een made i n an e f f o r t t o
s t a n d a r d iz e t e a c h e r s a c c o u n tin g o v e r a la r g e a r e a o f th e
c o u n tr y .
S econ d - M ost t e a c h e r a c c o u n t in g sy s te m s a r e a r e s u l t
o f f a c t o r s and e f f o r t s p e c u l i a r t o t h a t i n d iv i d u a l com m unity
o r c i t y . C ou rt d e c i s i o n s and e x p e r ie n c e s o f th e b o a rd o f
e d u c a t io n p la y an im p o r ta n t r o l e i n r e c o r d s k e p t .
T h ird - The t e a c h e r - a c c o u n t in g sy s te m s in u se a r e
a f f e c t e d by th e q u a l it y and te n u r e o f p e r s o n n e l w ork in g
w ith them .
F ou rth - C e r t i f i c a t e d p e r s o n n e l a c c o u n tin g h a s b een
t r e a t e d a s a “s t e p c h i l d 1 1 o f l a r g e r a r e a s o f a d m in is t r a t io n .
L o c . c i t .
14
V ery l i t t l e s p e c i a l c o n s id e r a t io n h a s b e e n g iv e n t o t h i s
p ro b lem a s com pared w ith p u p il- p e r s o n n e l a c c o u n t in g .
E v id e n c e o f t h i s can e a s i l y be fo u n d by com p arin g th e
amount o f p r in t e d m a t e r ia l d e a l in g w ith p u p il a c c o u n tin g
and t e a c h e r a c c o u n t in g .
W ith t h i s o v e r r e v ie w o f th e p r o b le m , a sou nd c r i t e r i a
e s t a b l i s h e d by w e l l fo u n d e d s u r v e y , th e im p o r ta n c e o f su ch
a c c o u n tin g made e v id e n t , and en co u ra g em en t t h a t th e s o l u t i o n
c a n be worked o u t e v en w ith f i n a n c i a l and c l e r i c a l l i m i t a
t i o n s , th e r e c o r d fo rm s p r e s e n t e d b y t h i s stu d y w ere d e s ig n e d .
CHAPTER I I I
. PRESENT PRACTICES
Sam ple form s f o r t e a c h e r - a c c o u n t in g w ere r e q u e s te d
from v a r io u s s c h o o l s y s te m s k e e p in g c e r t i f i c a t e d p e r s o n n e l
r e c o r d s . T h ese fo rm s w ere u sed a s b e in g i n d i c a t i v e o f
p r e s e n t t r e n d s , p r a c t i c e s and p r o c e d u r e s in th e f i e l d of
t e a c h e r - a c c o u n t in g .
I . SIZE, SHAPE AND FORM OF RECORDS
The s i z e , sh ap e and k in d o f c a r d m a t e r ia l v a r ie d w ith
e a c h s y s te m . T here was no r e a l r e a s o n f o r su ch w id e v a r ia
t i o n . p r o b a b le e x p la n a t io n m ig h t be t h a t :
(1 ) O ld f i l i n g c a b i n e t s w ere o f t h a t s i z e s o th e form
w as made t o f i t th e f i l e .
(2 ) S e v e r a l form s w ere b e in g com b ined and a c a rd of
t h a t s i z e was n e c e s s a r y t o r e p la c e th o s e b e in g d is c a r d e d .
(3 ) A co m m ercia l p r i n t i n g company s p e c i a l i z i n g in
r e c o r d fo rm s had s u p p lie d a form t h a t was a c c e p t a b le , b u t
n o t d e s ig n e d f o r t h a t p a r t i c u l a r s c h o o l . . * .
16
I I . ITEMS RECORDED
The ite m s o f in fo r m a tio n l i s t e d on th e c a r d s w ere
J u s t a s v a r ie d a s th o s e fo u n d i n th e stu d y o f A rm stron g of
’ ‘ T e a c h e r -A c c o u n tin g . R ecord Forms f o r L arge C i t i e s . 1 T here
was no s t a n d a r d iz a t io n e v id e n t in th e fo rm s s u b m itte d .
On r e c e i v i n g t h e s e sam ple fo rm s th e ite m s a p p e a r in g
on them w ere l i s t e d . The ite m s a p p e a r in g w ith th e g r e a t e s t
fr e q u e n c y w ere s e l e c t e d a s a b a s ic c h e c k l i s t .
1 . Name
2 . D ate o f b i r t h
3 . P la c e o f b i r t h
R ecord w it h in th e sy ste m
4 . Y ear
5 . Grade o r s u b j e c t ta u g h t
6 . B u ild in g o r s c h o o l
7 . D ate o r o r i g i n a l c o n t r a c t
8 . T e r m in a tio n o f c o n t r a c t - D ate
9 . R eason f o r te r m in a tio n
1 0 . T enure s t a t u s
1 1 . D ate o f te n u r e
1 2 . S a la r y - y e a r ly - m on th ly
1 3 . P la c e on s a la r y s c h e d u le
1 4 . C r e d e n t ia ls h e ld
P r e v io u s t e a c h in g e x p e r ie n c e
1 5 . S c h o o l
1 6 . C ity
1 7 . S t a t e
1 8 . Grade o r s u b j e c t
1 9 . D a te
2 0 . M onths o r ‘y e a r s
1 N o b le Boyd A rm stro n g , T e a c h e r -A c c o u n tin g R ecord
Forms f o r L arge C i t i e s ( N a s h v i l l e , T e n n e s s e e : G eorge
Peabody C o lle g e f o r T e a c h e r s , 1 9 3 5 ) , p p . 1 6 - 4 4 .
17
Non t e a c h in g e x p e r ie n c e (M i l i t a r y )
2 1 . Name o f fir m o r em p lo y er
2 2 . C ity
2 3 . S t a t e
2 4 . Type o f work
2 5 . Number o f m onths
A cadem ic t r a i n in g
2 6 . C o lle g e s and s c h o o ls
2 7 . C ity
2 8 . S t a t e s
2 9 . D a te s
3 0 . D e g r e e s and c r e d e n t i a l s
H e a lth r e c o r d
3 1 . Y ear
3 2 . Day In s e r v i c e
3 3 . D ays a b s e n t
3 4 . D ays o f c u m u la tiv e s i c k le a v e
3 5 . C hecked by ( t e a c h e r ’ s s ig n a t u r e )
3 6 . A pproved by ( a d m in is tr a t o r 1s s ig n a t u r e )
I I I . SUM M ARY
The w id e v a r i e t y o f s i z e , sh a p e , fo rm and ite m s
r e c o r d e d I n d i c a t e s p r e s e n t p r o c e d u r e s h a v e u s u a lly b e e n
e s t a b l i s h e d i n one o f two w ays. F i r s t , th e a c c o u n tin g sy ste m
w ith th e n e c e s s a r y form s may h a v e b e e n i n s t a l l e d by a
co m m ercia l p r i n t i n g company s p e c i a l i z i n g in su ch w ork.
S e c o n d , th e r e c o r d sy s te m grew up w it h in th e o r g a n iz a t io n
and becam e more co m p lex a s th e sy ste m grew in s i z e .
In n e i t h e r c a s e w as th e n e e d o f th e system c o n s id e r e d
i n i t s e n t i r e t y n o r w ere c e r t a i n b a s i c p r i n c i p l e s su r v e y e d
b e f o r e th e sy s te m was e s t a b l i s h e d .
University of S o u th e rn C alifornia Library
18
The c o n c lu s io n s t h a t a r e d e r iv e d from o b s e r v a t io n o f
p r e s e n t p r a c t i c e s a r e a s f o l l o w s :
(1 ) P r e s e n t t e a c h e r - a c c o u n t in g i s n o t s ta n d a r d iz e d
in e i t h e r form or ite m s r e c o r d e d .
(2 ) R eco rd s a r e n o t s i m p l i f i e d
(3 ) R eco rd s a r e n o t e a s2 1 y u s u a b le
(4 ) R e co r d s a r e n o t e a s i l y icep t a c c u r a t e ly and up
t o d a te
(5 ) R eco rd s a r e n o t t r u l y c o n f i d e n t i a l
(6 ) R eco rd s a r e n o t e a s i l y a c c e s s i b l e
(7 ) Some ite m s r e c o r d e d a r e o f u se In o n ly a few
c a s e s and a r e n o t common en ou gh t o r e q u ir e
r e c o r d in g on a l l form s
(8 ) The ite m s m e n tio n e d m ost f r e q u e n t ly a s l i s t e d
from sam p le c a r d s a r e o f g r e a t v a lu e in d e s i g n
in g a c u m u la tiv e r e c o r d c a rd f o r c e r t i f i c a t e d
p e r s o n n e l .
CHAPTER IV
I . THE PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT
The p r o j e c t o r ig in a t e d b e c a u se o f th e n e e d f o r
c e r t i f i c a t e d p e r s o n n e l r e c o r d s in c o n n e c tio n w ith th e s a la r y
s c h e d u le .
In Novem ber o f 1 9 4 6 a s a la r y s c h e d u le c o m m ittee was
a u t h o r iz e d by th e s c h o o l b oard to s tu d y s a la r y s c h e d u le s
and make one f o r u se i n th e l o c a l s c h o o l s y s te m . T h is was
don e and th e s c h e d u le w en t in t o u se f o r t h e s c h o o l y e a r
1 9 4 7 -4 8 .
In o r d e r t o p la c e a l l c e r t i f i c a t e d p e r s o n n e l p r o p e r ly
on th e s c h e d u le , a n o th e r co m m ittee c a l l e d ’ 'E v a lu a tio n
C om m ittee’ 1 w as a u t h o r iz e d . T h is co m m ittee c o n s i s t e d o f the
s u p e r in te n d e n t o f s c h o o l s , a b o a rd member and th r e e te a c h e r
m em bers. The co m m ittee was t o c o l l e c t a l l I n fo r m a tio n , on
e a c h t e a c h e r , t h a t had b e a r in g on t h e i r p la c e m e n t on th e
s a la r y s c h e d u le . Then th e y w ere t o p la c e th e t e a c h e r a t
th e p r o p e r s t e p and c l a s s i f i c a t i o n on th e s c h e d u le . As th e
t e a c h e r s b egan t o su b m it in fo r m a tio n r e q u e s t e d by th e
E v a lu a tio n C om m ittee, th e m a t e r ia l w as k e p t in in d iv id u a l
m a n ila f o l d e r s o f 9 x 11 3 / 4 s i z e . The in fo r m a tio n r e g a r d
in g g r a d u a te t r a i n i n g , p r o f e s s i o n a l e x p e r ie n c e , m i l i t a r y
s e r v i c e , e t c . , came in on sta n d a r d fo r m s , s l i p s o r s c r a p s
20
o f p a p er and by v e r b a l r e p o r t . V ery so o n i t becam e e v id e n t
t h a t a s c o r e s h e e t o r r e c o r d form f o r r e c o r d in g t h i s v e r y
v a lu a b le and n e c e s s a r y in fo r m a tio n was n e e d e d . M im eographed
s h e e t s w ere f i r s t u s e d , b u t w ere n o t a d e q u a te f o r f i l i n g .
They a l s o becam e to r n and u n u sa b le th r o u g h th e h a n d lin g o f
many p e r s o n s .
B e in g i n a d m in is t r a t io n in th e l o c a l s c h o o l s y s te m ,
and v e r y n e a r th e p rob lem o f s a la r y s c h e d u le and t e a c h e r
p la c e m e n t on i t , th e a u th o r was r e q u e s te d t o a s s i s t in
s o l v i n g th e p r o b le m .
B eca u se o f th e u rg en cy o f th e p ro b lem and n eed f o r
im m ed iate s o l u t i o n a c o m p re h e n siv e su r v e y was n o t p o s s i b l e .
P a s t e x p e r ie n c e , b r i e f r e a d in g o f a v a i l a b l e l i t e r a t u r e ,
e x a m in a tio n o f some fo rm s in u se and c o n d it io n s p e c u l i a r
t o th e l o c a l n e e d se r v e d a s th e b a s i s f o r th e form s u g g e s t e d ,
l a t e r a d o p te d and now i n u s e .
I I . PROCEDURE
As was s t a t e d b e f o r e p a s t e x p e r ie n c e and a v a i l a b l e
l i t e r a t u r e w as u sed in w o rk in g on th e p r o b le m .
By c o n s u l t i n g , in f o r m a lly , w ith th e E v a lu a tio n
C om m ittee th e c o n d it io n s p e c u l i a r t o t h e l o c a l s i t u a t i o n
w ere d e te r m in e d .
21
W hile th e c o m m ittee was d e te r m in in g t h e i r n e e d s , th e
ite m s o f g r e a t e s t fr e q u e n c y a s fo u n d on th e sam p le fo rm s
and m en tio n e d e a r l i e r , w ere l i s t e d w ith o u t r e g a r d to o r d e r or
s p a c in g . T h is l i s t was s u b m itte d to th e E v a lu a t io n Com
m it t e e f o r t h e i r u s e . They w ere r e q u e s t e d to a p p ly t h i s
form t o th e c a s e s b e in g c o n s id e r e d by them and to s u g g e s t
s u i t a b l e o r d e r and s p a c i n g ' o f th e it e m s . U n n e ce ssa ry ite m s
w ere t o be o m itte d .
T h is w as done and when th e sam p le form was c o m p le te d
a f i n a l form was made up and r e - s u b m it t e d to t h e E v a lu a tio n
C om m ittee. They made a r e - c h e c k o f i t and g a v e f i n a l
a p p r o v a l f o r i t t o go t o th e p r i n t e r .
I I I . SUM M ARY
The e f f o r t s o f th e work d e s c r ib e d h e r e r e s u l t e d in
tw o form s b e in g d e s ig n e d . One form on 9 x 11 3 /4 sta n d a r d
m a n illa ty p e f o l d e r , had f i v e m ajor h e a d in g s or d i v i s i o n s .
A p p r o p r ia te and n e c e s s a r y s u b -h e a d in g s and sp a ce f o r
a d d i t i o n a l m a t e r ia l l i s t e d a s com m ents h a s b een p r o v id e d .
The s p a c in g and o r d e r o f th e ite m s on th e c a rd w ere
d e te r m in e d by th e E v a lu a t io n C om m ittee and th e a u th o r a s
b e in g m ost l o g i c a l and u s e f u l in t h i s p a r t i c u l a r s i t u a t i o n .
22
The m ajor d i v i s i o n s and e u b -h e a d in g s a r e l i s t e d a s
f o l l o w s :
1 . Name; L a s t , F i r s t , M iddle
2 . D ate o f B ir t h ; M onth, D ay, Y ear
5 . P la c e o f B ir t h ; C it y , S t a t e
ACADEMIC TRAINING
4 . S c h o o l
5 . C ity and S t a t e
6 . D a te s
7 . Under G rad u ate U n its
8 . G rad uate
9 . D e g r e e s
1 0 . L o c a l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n (S a la r y S c h e d u le )
1 1 . L o c a l S te p (S a la r y S c h e d u le )
NON-TEACHING EXPERIENCE (MILITARY)
1 2 . F irm o r e m p lo y er
1 3 . C ity and S t a t e
1 4 . D ate
1 5 . Type o f Work
1 6 . Number o f M onths
1 7 . B ranch o f S e r v ic e
PREVIOUS TEACHING EXPERIENCE
1 8 . S c h o o l
1 9 . C ity and S t a t e
2 0 . Grade o r s u b j e c t
2 1 . Da t e
2 2 . Y e a rs
2 3 . M onths
2 4 . D ate o r O r ig in a l C o n tr a c t
2 5 . D ate o f Perm anent S t a t u s
2 6 . D ate o f T e r m in a tio n o f S e r v ic e - R eason
CORONADO (LOCAL) SERVICE RECORD
2 7 . Y ear
2 8 . G rade o r S u b je c t
2 9 . C l a s s i f i c a t i o n (L o c a l S c h e d u le )
3 0 . S te p (L o c a l S c h e d u le )
23
3 1 . Y e a r ly S a la r y
3 2 . C r e d e n t ia l H eld
3 3 . S t a t u s (P erm an en t, P r o b a tio n a r y , Tem porary)
3 4 . A pproved ( I n i t i a l e d by T e a ch er and A d m in is t r a t io n )
HEALTH RECORD
3 5 . Y ear
3 6 . Daya a b s e n t (e a c h m onth)
3 ? . D ays p r e s e n t
3 8 . T o ta l Days A b se n t
3 9 . C u m u la tiv e S ic k L eave
4 0 . A pproved ( I n i t i a l e d by T e a ch er and A d m in is t r a tio n )
The se c o n d form w as a sta n d a r d 5 x 8 f i l i n g c a r d .
T h is w as t i t l e d “A cadem ic A ch iev em en t R ecord" and was t o
r e c o r d th e work o f th e t e a c h e r w h ile s e r v in g i n t h e l o c a l
sy s te m . I t g a v e an a c c o u n t o f work c o m p le te d and th e d a t e s
o f th e n e x t work r e q u ir e d t o m eet c e r t a i n s a la r y i n c r e a s e s .
The ite m s r e c o r d e d on t h i s form a r e a s f o l l o w s :
1 . Name,* L a s t , F i r s t , M id dle
2 . S c h o o l; E le m e n ta r y , H igh S c h o o l
3 . Y ear
4 . S c h o o l
5 . C ourse Number
6 . D e s c r ip t io n o r T i t l e
7 . H ours o f C r e d it
8 . H u rd le Y ear
9 . H u rd le C om p lete
1 0 . A pproved ( I n i t i a l e d by T e a ch er and A d m in is t r a t io n )
B oth s i d e s o f th e c a r d a r e a v a i l a b l e f o r k e e p in g
t h i s r e c o r d .
I t I s f e l t th a t w it h th e in fo r m a tio n a v a i l a b l e a s
s u g g e s te d h e r e th e s a la r y s c h e d u le can be e f f i c i e n t l y
24
a d m in is t e r e d , th e grow th o f t e a c h e r s i n s e r v i c e can be
im p roved and t e a c h e r s can t r a n s f e r t o new s i t u a t i o n s w ith
th e f e e l i n g o f c o n f id e n c e th a t t h e i r p a s t work and a c c o m p lish
m en ts w i l l be r e p o r te d q u ic k ly and a c c u r a t e l y .
CHAPTER V
RECORD FORMS FORM AT
I . PERSONNEL RECORD FORM
The C e r t i f i c a t e d P e r s o n n e l R ecord Card was p r in t e d on
a sta n d a r d s i z e 8 x 11 M a n ila F o ld e r . When c lo s e d f o r
f i l i n g , o n ly th e name i s v i s i b l e . The i n s i d e o f th e f o l d e r
h a s sp a ce f o r th e fo u r m ajor h e a d in g s o f th e r e c o r d ; A cadem ic
T r a in in g , N o n -T ea ch in g E x p e r ie n c e , P r e v io u s T e a ch in g
E x p e r ie n c e and Coronado ( L o c a l) S e r v ic e R eco rd . Sp ace i s
a l s o p r o v id e d f o r th e n e c e s s a r y s u b -h e a d in g s and com m ents.
The f i f t h m ajor h e a d in g , H e a lth R e co rd , a p p e a r s on th e
o u t s id e o f th e f o l d e r and i s r e a d from th e same p o s i t i o n a s
y o u r e a d th e name f o r f i l i n g . The s i z e c h o se n was a s t a n
d ard form s i z e and th e f o l d e r ty p e was u sed in p r e f e r e n c e
t o a f l a t c a r d . I t was f e l t t h a t a p la c e sh o u ld be a v a i l
a b le f o r k e e p in g su ch l e g a l form s a s M il i t a r y D is c h a r g e s ,
A p p lic a t io n B la n k s , e t c . T h ese can n o t be e a s i l y r e c o r d e d
on a form and may n o t be l e g a l u n le s s i n th e o r i g i n a l .
T h us, w h ile th e in f o r m a tio n i s a c t u a l l y ty p e d on th e f o l d e r ,
i t a l s o s e r v e s a s a f o l d e r f o r t h e s e su p p lem en ta ry p a p e r s
and a v o id s a d u p l i c a t e f i l e .
26
The f o l d e r w e ig h t m a t e r ia l was fo u n d to be s u i t a b l e
f o r u se in a t y p e w r it e r and was h e a v y en ou gh t o sta n d th e
w ear o f many y e a r s u s e .
A copy o f th e c a rd sh o w in g th e f i r s t t h r e e m a jo r
d i v i s i o n s , A cadem ic T r a in in g , N o n -T ea ch in g E x p e r ie n c e
( M i l it a r y ) and P r e v io u s T e a c h in g E x p e r ie n c e , was p r in t e d on
o r d in a r y bond w e ig h t p a p e r . T h is i s t o be u s e d f o r r e c o r d in g
th e n e c e s s a r y in fo r m a tio n p r e v io u s t o i t s b e in g ty p e d on th e
perm an en t c u m u la tiv e c a r d . T h is was p u r e ly an e c o n o m ic a l
p r o c e d u r e . I t was done t o sa v e e r r o r s and e r a s e r m arks
from a p p e a r in g on th e c a r d fo rm . The c o s t o f d is c a r d in g
c a r d s w ith e r r o r s i s f a r g r e a t e r th a n t h a t o f d is c a r d in g
th e bond c o p y . The bond copy i s t o b e d e s tr o y e d a s so o n a s
th e in f o r m a tio n h a s b e e n t r a n s f e r r e d t o th e c a r d fo rm .
I I .. ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT RECORD
The ’ 'A cadem ic A ch iev em en t R ecord" was p la c e d on a
sta n d a r d 5 x 8 f i l i n g c a r d . T h is i s th e o n ly su p p lem en ta ry
form n e e d e d w ith th e " C e r t if i c a t e d P e r s o n n e l R eco rd ."
T h is form r e c o r d s th e A cadem ic A ch iev em en t a f t e r th e
t e a c h e r e n t e r s th e s c h o o l sy s te m . I t s h o u ld be k e p t up to
d a te and a v a i l a b l e so t h a t t e a c h e r s may know t h e i r s t a t u s
r e g a r d in g f u r t h e r a ca d em ic r e q u ir e m e n ts and t h e i r p la c e on
2 7
th e s a la r y s c h e d u le .
A s e p a r a te c a rd was u sed to r e c o r d th e e d u c a t io n a l
advan cem en t o f th e t e a c h e r i n o r d e r t o a v o id c r o w d in g .
S in c e th e l o c a l b oard o f e d u c a tio n r e q u ir e d th e num ber o f
c o u r s e s a s w e l l a s th e nam es t h i s was n e c e s s a r y . As th e
c a r d w i l l be u sed f r e q u e n t ly t o g u id e t e a c h e r s i n t h e i r
e d u c a t io n a l p la n s i t was made to b e k e p t a p a r t from th e more
co m p lex r e c o r d f i l e . T h is a llo w s i n d iv i d u a l u se w ith o u t
d i s t u r b i n g o t h e r n o n - r e la t e d p a p e r s .
The c a r d was k e p t sim p le and s m a ll f o r r e a d y u s e .
The c a rd m a t e r ia l i s r e a d i l y u se d i n th e t y p e w r it e r , w i l l
sta n d h a rd w ear a n d f i t s i n t o sta n d a r d f i l i n g eq u ip m en t.
I I I . SUM M ARY
In e x a m in in g th e m e c h a n ic a l d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e r e c o r d
form s th e c o n c lu s io n w ou ld be t h a t th e p r i n c i p l e s o f p e r s o n n e l
r e c o r d s had s e r v e d a s a g u id e .
The fo rm s s u g g e s t e d a r e :
1 . S i m p lif ie d
2 . U sa b le
3 . A d ap ted to l o c a l n e e d s
4 . E a s i l y k e p t
5 . B a sed on s p e c i f i c a t i o n s d is c o v e r e d a s e s s e n t i a l
th r o u g h s u r v e y s and r e s e a r c h .
CHAPTER VI
SUM M ARY AND CONCLUSIONS
I . SUM M ARY
P ro b lem . T here i s an e v e r I n c r e a s in g n e e d f o r com
p l e t e and a c c u r a te r e c o r d s f o r c e r t i f i c a t e d p e r s o n n e l. Such
r e c o r d s v a ry b e c a u se o f s i z e o f s c h o o l s y s te m s and b e c a u se
th e a u t h o r i t i e s n e e d in g su ch r e c o r d s d i f f e r on w hat t o
r e c o r d and w here t o r e c o r d i t .
N eed . S a la r y s c h e d u le s , c h a n g e s i n te n tir e la w and
th e i s s u i n g o f more co m p lex c r e d e n t i a l s h a v e a l l added t o th e
u r g e n c y o f r e c o r d k e e p in g .
R e q u e s ts f o r in f o r m a tio n a r i s i n g from W orld War I I
r e g a r d in g le n g t h o f s e r v i c e , n e e d f o r d e fe r m e n t, e t c . , h a v e
a l s o in c r e a s e d th e n eed o f a d e q u a te p e r s o n n e l r e c o r d s .
R e la te d s t u d i e s . In d e v e lo p in g an o v e r v ie w o f th e
l i t e r a t u r e i n th e f i e l d o f c e r t i f i c a t e d p e r s o n n e l a c c o u n t
i n g , c e r t a i n f a c t o r s seem t o come t o im m ed iate a t t e n t i o n .
F i r s t , th e e n t i r e p rob lem h a s b een t r e a t e d a s a s t e p
c h i l d o f some l a r g e r a r e a o f s c h o o l a d m in is t r a t io n . S t u d ie s
t h a t h ave b e e n m ade, b o o k s t h a t h a v e b e e n w r it t e n and
2 9
a u t h o r i t i e s on th e s u b j e c t a l l seem t o d i s c u s s th e p roblem
a s a s id e l i n e . O nly r e c e n t l y h a s t h e " s p o t lig h t " o f r e s e a r c h
b e e n b r o u g h t to f o c u s on t h i s s p e c i f i c a r e a o f p e r s o n n e l
a c c o u n t in g .
S e c o n d , th e ty p e o f a c c o u n tin g d e v e lo p e d by a s c h o o l
sy ste m seem s t o be l i m i t e d g r e a t l y b y th e e f f i c i e n c y o f
c l e r i c a l w o r k e rs k e e p in g th e r e c o r d s and b y th e p a s t e x p e r
i e n c e s o f th e l o c a l b o a rd o f e d u c a t io n .
T h ir d , th e tim e and e f f o r t s p e n t on p u p il p e r s o n n e l
a c c o u n tin g e x c e e d s by f a r th e s tu d y d e v o te d to te a c h e r
p e r s o n n e l a c c o u n t in g .
P r e s e n t p r a c t i c e s . In o b s e r v in g p r e s e n t p r a c t i c e s
th e v a r i e t y o f s i z e , sh a p e , form and ite m s u se d in th e
p e r s o n n e l r e c o r d sy ste m i n d i c a t e s t h a t b a s i c p r i n c i p l e s w ere
n o t c o n s id e r e d b e fo r e th e sy s te m was e s t a b l i s h e d . N e ith e r
w ere th e n e e d s o f th e sy ste m c o n s id e r e d in i t s e n t i r e t y
b e fo r e th e r e c o r d fo rm a t was s e l e c t e d .
P u rp o se o f t h i s p r o j e c t . T h is p r o j e c t o r ig in a t e d
b e c a u s e a s m a ll d i s t r i c t n e e d e d s u i t a b l e fo rm s f o r p la c in g
p e r s o n n e l on a n e w ly e s t a b l i s h e d s a l a r y s c h e d u le . In o r d e r
t o do s o , d e t a i l e d in fo r m a tio n had t o be c o l l e c t e d and
r e c o r d e d f o r rea d y u se by an e v a lu a t in g c o m m itte e .
30
R ecord fo rm s fo r m a t. The r e c o r d form s a s shown by
th e p h o to c o p i e s In th e a p p e n d ix w ere d e s ig n e d and a r e now
u sed by th e s c h o o l d i s t r i c t *
In e x a m in in g th e m e c h a n ic a l a s p e c t s o f th e r e c o r d
fo rm s d e s ig n e d , th e c o n c lu s io n w ou ld b e t h a t sound p r i n c i p l e s
o f p e r s o n n e l r e c o r d k e e p in g had s e r v e d a s a g u id e - The
fo rm s p r e s e n t e d a r e s i m p l i f i e d , u s a b le , a d a p te d t o l o c a l
n e e d s , e a s i l y k e p t , and b a s e d on s p e c i f i c a t i o n s d is c o v e r e d
a s e s s e n t i a l th ro u g h s u r v e y s and r e s e a r c h .
I I . CONCLUSIONS
In s u g g e s t in g th e f u t u r e t r e n d s t h a t c e r t i f i c a t e d
p e r s o n n e l r e c o r d form s sh o u ld f o l l o w , f i v e m ajor p r i n c i p l e s
sh o u ld be c o n s id e r e d . They a r e a s f o l l o w s :
(1 ) R ecord form s s h o u ld be s i m p l i f i e d . W ording
sh o u ld be b r i e f , sim p le and s e l f e x p la n a t o r y .
( 2 ) Forms s h o u ld b e u s a b le . The ty p e o f p a p e r ,
s i z e , sh ape and s i z e o f p r i n t i n g sh o u ld b e
s e l e c t e d f o r maximum u t i l i t y .
(3 ) Any r e c o r d u s e d sh o u ld f i t th e l o c a l n e e d s .
The fo rm s s h o u ld n o t be o v e r ly c o m p lex , b u t
a d e q u a te f o r th e p o s t in g o f n e c e s s a r y it e m s .
(4 ) R eco rd s s h o u ld be e a s i l y k e p t . Where e v e r
51
p o s s i b l e , c h e c k in g ite m s , u n d e r lin in g o f w ords
o r c i r c l i n g num bers sh o u ld b e u sed t o f a c i l i t a t e
th e c l e r i c a l e f f o r t s .
(5 ) S p e c i f i c a t i o n s s h o u ld be b a s e d on r e s e a r c h .
E f f o r t s to d e te r m in e th e b a s i c u n d e r ly in g
p r i n c i p l e s o f p e r s o n n e l r e c o r d s s h o u ld be c a r r ie d
on n a t io n w id e by u s in g sou nd su rv e y t e c h n iq u e s .
By c a r r y in g i n t o p r a c t i c e th e p r i n c i p l e s j u s t m en tio n e d
p e r s o n n e l r e c o r d fo rm s w i l l becom e more e f f i c i e n t , a c c u r a te
and w o r th w h ile .
I
B I B L I O G R A P H Y
«
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. BOOKS
A rm stro n g , N o b le B oyd, T ea ch er-A cco u n t I n g R ecord Forma f o r
L arge C i t i e s . N a s h v i l l e , T e n n e ss e e : G eorge Peabody
C o lle g e f o r T e a c h e r s , 1 9 3 4 . 1 24 p p .
B rogan , W hit, The Work o f P la c em e n t O f f i c e s in T ea ch er
T r a in in g I n s t i t u t i o n s . T e a c h e r s C o lle g e C o n tr ib u tio n
t o E d u c a tio n N o. 4 3 4 ; New York: C olum bia U n iv e r s i t y ,
1 9 3 0 . 97 p p .
C la r k e , C la r e n c e L . , T enure o f T e a c h e r s In th e P r o f e s s i o n .
Ann A rb or: U n iv e r s it y o f M ic h ig a n , Alum ni P r e s s , 1 9 2 8 .
1 4 6 p p .
C ooke, D e n n is H ., P rob lem s o f th e T e a ch in g P e r s o n n e l. New
Y ork: Longm ans, G reen and Company, 1 9 3 3 . 3 8 4 p p .
D a v is , H a z e l, P e r s o n n e l A d m in is tr a tio n in T hree N o n -T ea ch in g
S e r v ic e s o f th e P u b lic S c h o o ls . New Y ork: B u reau o f
P u b l i c a t i o n s , T e a c h e r s C o lle g e , C olum bia U n iv e r s i t y ,
1 9 3 9 . 323 p p .
G an d ers, H arry S t a n le y , A S y stem o f S c h o o l R eco rd s and
R e p o r ts f o r S m a lle r C i t i e s . G r e e le y , C o lo r a d o : C olorad o
S t a t e T e a c h e r 's C o l l e g e , 1 9 2 6 . 191 p p .
H eck, A rch 0 . , A S tu d y o f C h ild -A c c o u n tin g R e c o r d s. Columbus
The O hio S t a t e U n iv e r s i t y , 1 9 2 5 . 246 p p .
M erlara, J . L ., Norm al S c h o o l E d u c a tio n and E f f i c i e n c y In
T e a c h in g . New Y ork: T e a ch er s C o lle g e C o n tr ib u tio n t o
E d u c a tio n , No. 1 , C olum bia U n iv e r s it y , 1 9 0 6 . 152 p p .
M oehlman, A rth u r B . , C h ild A c c o u n tin g . D e t r o i t , M ic h ig a n :
F r ie se m a B r o th e r s P r e s s , 1 9 2 4 . 2 05 p p .
S t r a y e r , G eorge D ., and N ic h o la s L. E n g le h a r d t, A S co re
Card and S ta n d a r d s f o r th e R eco rd s and Rep o rt's o f C ity
S c h o o l 1 S y s te m s . New Y ork: B u reau o f P u b l i c a t i o n s ,
T e a c h e r 's C o lle g e , C olum b ia U n iv e r s it y , 1 9 2 3 . 81 p p .
33
T a n s i l, R eb ecca C a th e r in e , The C o n tr ib u tio n s o f C u m u lative
P e r s o n n e l R ecord s to A T e a c h e r -E d u e a tIo n P rogram .
New Y ork: B ureau o f P u b l i c a t i o n s , T e a c h e r 's C o lle g e ,
C olum bia U n iv e r s i t y , 1 9 3 9 . 158 p p .
B . BULLETINS AND JOURNALS
A lm ack, John C ., " S e l e c t i o n o f T each ers," The A m erican S c h o o l
Board J o u r n a l, 6 1 : 2 9 - 3 1 , N ovem ber, 1 9 2 0 .
B a ld w in , E . B . , A S tu d y o f th e C e r t i f i c a t i o n o f T e a c h e r s .
M a s te r 's t h e s i s , G eorge Peabody C o lle g e f o r T e a c h e r s ,
N a s h v i l l e , T e n n e s s e e , A u g u st, 1 9 3 1 .
B e a ls , E. E ., "The N eed o f S e r v ic e R eco rd s f o r T e a c h e r s,"
A m erican S c h o o l B oard J o u r n a l, 6 7 : 4 5 - 4 ? , N ovem ber, 1 9 2 3 .
Cook, K a th e r in e M ., S t a t e Laws and R e g u la t io n s G o v ern in g
T e a c h e r s ' C e r t i f i c a t e s . U n ite d S t a t e s B u reau o f E duca
t i o n B u l l e t i n No. 1 9 ; W ash in gton , D.C.: 1 9 2 7 . 2 9 6 p p .
D a v ie s , D. R*, " T e a c h e r 's R ecord S y stem o r Museum P ie c e ,"
N a tio n s S c h o o ls , 3 6 : 4 1 - 2 , D ecem ber, 1 9 4 5 .
E l l i o t t , Edward C*, "A T e n t a t iv e Scheme f o r th e M easurem ent
o f T e a ch in g E f f i c i e n c y ," N in th Y earb ook o f th e N a tio n a l
S o c ie t y f o r th e S tu d y o f E d u c a tio n , P a r t I I , 1910“ .
G o s lin g , Thomas w*, "How P e r s o n n e l S t u d ie s o f T e a c h e r s H elp
S c h o o l A d m in i s t r a t i o n ,1 1 N a tio n s S c h o o l s , 5 : 4 2 - 4 4 ,
F eb ru a ry , 1 9 3 0 .
J o n e s , W illa r d T ., "Keep Tabs on T e a c h e r ," S c h o o l E x e c u t iv e ,
5 9 : 3 2 - 3 3 , F eb ru a ry , 1 9 4 0 .
O degard, A lf r e d S . , "The Im p o rta n ce o f P u b lic S c h o o l E m p lo y e es'
C om p en sation R e c o r d s ," The A m erican S c h o o l Board J o u r n a l,
1 0 8 : 4 8 , A p r i l , 1 9 4 4 .
P h i l l i p s , Frank M ., S t a t i s t i c s o f C ity S c h o o l S y s te m s .
W a sh in g to n , D.C.: U n ite d S t a t e s O f f ic e o f E d u c a tio n ,
B u l l e t i n N o. 3 4 , 1 9 2 9 .
54
P r o c e e d in g s o f th e N a t io n a l E d u c a tio n A s s o c i a t i o n . W ashing
t o n , D.C.: The N a t io n a l E d u c a tio n A s s o c i a t i o n , V o l. 4 8 ,
1 9 1 0 .
R e a v is , W illia m C ., E v a lu a tio n o f T e a ch er M e r lt In C ity
S c h o o l S y s te m s . S u p p lem en ta ry E d u ca t1 o n a l M onograph
No. 5 9 . C h icago? I l l i n o i s : U n iv e r s i t y o f C h ic a g o ,
1 9 4 5 . 1 5 8 p p .
R u e d lg e r , W . C ., " R a tin g T e a c h e r s," S c h o o l and S o c i e t y ,
XX: 2 6 5 -6 8 , A u gu st 5 0 , 1 9 2 4 .
W h itn ey, P. L . , The P r e d i c t i o n o f T e a c h in g S u c c e s s . J o u r n a l
o f E d u c a tio n a l R e se a r c h M onograph N o. 6 . B lo o m in g to n ,
I l l i n o i s : P u b lic S c h o o l P u b lis h in g Company, 1 9 2 4 .
^University of S o u th e rn C alifornia Library
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Asset Metadata

Creator Forney, Max Larue (author)

Core Title The development of a certificated personnel record form for salary purposes in the small school district

Contributor Digitized by ProQuest (provenance)

Degree Master of Science in Education

Degree Program Education

Publisher University of Southern California (original), University of Southern California. Libraries (digital)

Tag education, administration,OAI-PMH Harvest

Language English

Advisor Wagner, Elmer E. (committee chair)

Permanent Link (DOI) https://doi.org/10.25549/usctheses-c20-504178

Unique identifier UC11267208

Identifier EP45416.pdf (filename),usctheses-c20-504178 (legacy record id)

Legacy Identifier EP45416.pdf

Dmrecord 504178

Document Type Thesis

Rights Forney, Max LaRue

Type texts

Source University of Southern California (contributing entity), University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses (collection)

Access Conditions The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the au...

Repository Name University of Southern California Digital Library

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