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Paleoecological evaluation of late Eocene biostratigraphic zonations on the West Coast

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Paleoecological evaluation of late Eocene biostratigraphic zonations on the West Coast

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Content PALEOECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF LATE EOCENE BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC ZONATIONS ON THE WEST COAST by Kristin Ann McDougall A Dissertation Presented to the FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Geological Sciences) June 1979 UMI Number: DP28552 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI Dissertation Publishing UMI DP28552 Published by ProQuest LLC (2014). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 U N IV E R S IT Y O F S O U T H E R N C A L IF O R N IA THE GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY PARK LOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA 90007 This dissertation, written by Kristin Ann McDougall C\ / / .................. .A under the direction of / z e r . . . . Dissertation Com mittee, and approved by all its members, has been presented to and accepted by The Graduate School, in partial fulfillment of requirements of the degree of D O C T O R O F P H I L O S O P H Y Dean D ate 2 2 0 . ^ . . j A ^ l 2 2 l..... DISSERTATION COMMITTEE / \ / / A ] Chairman Acknowledgments I am indebted to the many people who assisted me throughout this research. Texaco, Inc., and Union Oil of California provided samples from several of the study sections. The remaining sections were collected and were prepared with the assistance of Ms. Mary Ann Breeden, Ms. Andrea Kaufman, Ms. Anne Morrison, and Ms. Linda Slater. Dr. John A. Barron, Ms. Joyce Blueford, and Dr. R. Z. Poore provided information on diatom, radiolarian, and planktic foraminifer speciation and zonation. Invaluable discussions relating to this project were provided by numerous west coast paleontologists and geologists in cluding Drs. A. A. Almgren, John M. Armentrout, Ann Tipton Donnelly, J. Wyatt Durham, Carole Hickman, V. S. Mallory, W. W. Rau, W. G. Reay, Guy Rooth, and W. V. Sliter. Robert Oscarson, Kenji Sakamoto, and Jack Baldauf assisted in the photographic work. Special thanks go to Mrs. Rose Trombley and Ms. Margaret Murphy, who did a tremendous job typing and drafting. Thanks are also due all those people who assisted in small but significant ways too numerous to mention. This research project was supervised by the late Dr. 0. L. Bandy and subsequently by Dr. Robert G. Douglas. The Dissertation Committee was composed of Drs. Robert G. Douglas, W. V. Sliter, W. H. Easton, B. W. Pipkin, Kristian Fauchald, and the late Dr. R. 0. Stone, each of whom provided suggestions and guidance. Drs. R. G. Douglas, W. V. Sliter, W. H. Easton, and B. W. Pipkin critically reviewed the manuscript and offered valuable suggestions. TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................. ii LIST OF FIGURES ............................. V LIST OF TABLES .............................. viii LIST OF PLATES .............................. ix INTRODUCTION ................................. 1 DATA ......................................... 9 PALEOECOLOGY ................................. 16 Introduction ............................ 16 Paleoecological Analysis ............... 21 Number of Species per Sample ...... 21 Benthic Foraminiferal Suborder Trends ....................... 22 Hyaline Superfamily Trends ........ 29 Preservation ...................... 42 Associated Microfossil Trends .... 45 Sediments ......... 47 Conclusions ............................. 48 BIOSTRATIGRAPHY .............................. 52 Introduction ............................ 52 Stage and Zonal Criteria ............... 54 Narizian Stage .................... 54 iii Section Page Refugian Stage .................... 54 Paleoecologic Analysis ............ 61 Application of the California Zonal Criteria ............... 71 Washington Zones 7 8 Paleoecologic Analysis ............ 79 Application of the Washington Zonal Criteria ............... 82 Correlation of the Late Eocene Stages and Zones ......................... 89 Narizian Stage .................... 92 Refugian Stage .................... 98 Conclusions ............................. 99 SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS ...................... 102 REFERENCES CITED ............................. 104 APPENDIX I - Faunal Reference List and Plates .................................. 114 APPENDIX II - Benthic Foraminiferal and Associated Microfossil Distributions in the Late Eocene Sections of Oregon and Washington .............................. 134 APPENDIX III - Fossil Localities and Faunal Distributions .......................... 160 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figures Page 1. Correlation of late Eocene stages and zones.................................... 2 2. Ranges of selected age-diagnostic species.................................. 4 3. Correlation of the late Eocene zones and stages................................... 7 4. Location of late Eocene study sections....... 10 5. Stratigraphic relations of late Eocene formations............................... 12 6. Paleobathymetric interpretation of the late Eocene sections.................... 18 7. Average, modified average, and maximum number of species per sample........... 23 8. Suborder trends of benthic foraminifers...... 26 9. Hyaline superfamily trends................... 31 10. Distribution of late Eocene uvigerinids and characteristic morphology.......... 34 11. Size variation of Praeglobobulimina pupoides and Praeglobobulimina ovata.................................... 37 12. Size variation of the late Eocene species Hoeglundina eocenica.................... 39 13. Benthic foraminiferal and associated microfossil trends in northwestern Oregon and southwestern Washington sections................................. 50 v 55 58 62 64 73 80 84 90 93 95 161 164 168 Selected species diagnostic of the California Narizian Stage............ Selected species diagnostic of the California Refugian Stage............ Allocation of samples from the late Eocene type sections of California......... Paleobathymetry of late Eocene stages and zones of California.................. Biostratigraphic zonation of the study sections according to the California zonal scheme......................... Selected species diagnostic of the Washington late Eocene zones........ Biostratigraphic zonation of the study sections according to the Washington zonal scheme......................... Correlation of California and Washington late Eocene zones.................... Correlation of modified late Eocene, Refugian and Narizian zones and sub zones in the study sections of Oregon and Washington....................... Species diagnostic of the late Eocene zones and stages along the west coast................................. Stratigraphic column and biostratigraphic zonation of the Eugene section, Oregon................................ Stratigraphic column and biostratigraphic zonation of the Texaco Clatskanie well, Oregon......................... Stratigraphic column and biostratigraphic zonation of the Texaco Clark and Wilson well, Oregon.................. Figures Page 27. Stratigraphic column and biostratigraphic zonation of the Texaco Cooper Mountain well...................................... 172 28. Stratigraphic column and biostratigraphic zonation of the Wolf Creek section, northwestern Oregon..................... 17 6 29. Stratigraphic column and biostratigraphic zonation of the Castor Creek section, Oregon................................... 180 30. Stratigraphic column and biostratigrapic zonation of the Rock Creek section, northwestern Oregon..................... 184 31. Stratigraphic column and biostratigraphic zonation of the Willapa River section, southwestern Washington................. 188 32. Stratigraphic column and biostratigraphic zonation of the Beaver Creek section, Oregon.................................. 19 2 vii 135 163 166 170 174 178 182 186 190 194 195 / iii LIST OF TABLES Assemblage data Faunal distribtuion chart section, Oregon.... Faunal distribution chart well, Oregon...... Faunal distribution chart Wilson well, Oregon Faunal distribution chart well, Oregon...... Faunal distribution chart section, Oregon.... Faunal distribtuion chart section, Oregon.... Faunal distribution chart section, Oregon.... Faunal distribution chart section, Washington Faunal distribution chart section, Oregon.... Willapa River Beaver Creek Register of fossil localities........... Eugene Clatskanie Clark and Cooper Mountain Wolf Creek Castor Creek Rock Creek LIST OF PLATES Plate Page 1. Figured specimens ........................ 12 6 2. Figured specimens .............. 128 3. Figured specimens ........................ 130 4. Figured specimens ........................ 132 ix INTRODUCTION Two benthic foraminiferal zonal schemes exist for the late Eocene interval on the west coast. The California late Eocene scheme consists of the Narizian Stage and zones of Mallory (1959), and the Refugian Stage, zones and subzones of Schenck and Kleinpell (1936) and Donnelly (1976). The Washington late Eocene scheme consists of four zones which were defined by Rau (195 8, 1966) and were assumed to correlate with the California Narizian and Refugian Stages. Although several interpretations exist, the most widely used correlation of these zonal schemes equates the Washington zones with the California stages and zones as shown in figure 1. The correlation is not clear because of two problems: different species, and different stratigraphic ranges for species common to both areas (fig. 2). Consistent application of zoological nomenclature and species concepts resolves the first problem, but the disparity of stratigraphic ranges persists. Some or all of the latter problem is attributed to paleoeoology. The possibility of facies (ecologic) control was alluded to by Schenck and Kleinpell (1936) and Mallory (1959), but was assumed eliminated in the revisions by Kleinpell and Weaver (1963), and Donnelly (1976). The 1 Figure 1. Correlation of late Eocene stages and zones. The most widely used correlation of the California and Washington late Eocene stages and zones equates the Narizian Stage and zones of Mallory (1959), the Refugian Stage of Schenck and Kleinpell (1936), and the Refugian zones of Donnelly (1976) with the Wash ington zones of Rau (1958, 1966). In an alternative interpretation, Donnelly (1976) suggests the base of the Uvigerina atwilli Subzone and the Sigmomorphina schencki Zone are correlative. In this interpretation the upper part of the Bulimina schencki-Plectofron- dicularia cf. P. jenkinsi Zone and the Cibicides haydoni Subzone are coeval. 2 ,e> 5> 0 California stages zones Washington zones UJ z UJ o o UJ UJ h- < c c t i B 13 H— C D DC c 5 N k. C O U vigerina vicksb u rg ensis Cassidulina galvinensis t o t o < D t o c c a > — > . > a ? t o > f c U vigerina atw illi Sigmomorphina schencki C ibicides haydoni Amphimorphina jenkinsi Bulimina sch en cki- P lec to fro n d icu la ria cf. P, jenkinsi Bulimina corrugata Uvigerina cf. U. yazooensis Figure 2. Ranges of selected age-diagnostic species. This list gives the stratigraphic ranges of selected benthic foraminiferal species common to both the California and Washington zonal schemes. The Cali fornia range (solid line) and the Washington range (dashed line) have different age relations. Consist ent application of species concepts and zoological nomenclature does not resolve the problem. For example, in this list of selected species, taxonomic consideration resolves only the discrepancy in the stratigraphic range of Cibicides elmaensis. _ Range in California (from Donnelly, 1976) «... Range in Washington (from Donnelly, 1976; Rau, 1958, 1966). 4 NARIZIAN REFUGIAN ZEMORRIAN AGE SPECIES Late Early Late Cibicides haydoni Cassidulina galvinensis Buccella mansfieldi oregonensis Caucasina schencki Uvigerina cocoaensis Valvulineria tumeyensis Valvulineria menloensis Cibicides elmaensis i_ n premise here, is that the paleoecologic problems were not eliminated and as a result zonal schemes based on environ- mentally different faunas do not correlate. This study examines how paleoecology affects the late Eocene biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy of the west coast and proposes modifications to the current zonal schemes. The study accomplishes this purpose in two steps. First, late Eocene benthic foraminiferal assem blages are analysed to identify paleoecologic facies relations. Second, the zonal schemes and the basis for the zonations are reviewed to determine the effect of paleo- environment on the diagnostic species and on the recog nition of the zones and stages. Based on this information, modifications to the existing zonal schemes are proposed which remove paleoecologic control. The result is a zonation which is biostratigraphically, chronostratigraph- ically, and regionally useful, and correlates the Wash ington and California zonal schemes (fig. 3). 6 Figure 3. Correlation of the late Eocene zones and stages. The late Eocene zones are modified from the original definitions (Rau, 1958, 1966; Mallory, 1959; Donnelly, 1976) by consistent application of the zoological nomenclature and species concepts. Stratigraphic ranges of diagnostic species are reinterpreted so that the newly recognized occurrences of the species are included. Attention to the zoological nomencla ture, regional stratigraphic ranges and ecologic control of the species led to the recognition of a late Narizian Stage, and an early and late Refugian Stage. The late Narizian Stage is correlative with the bathyal facies represented by the Bulimina corrugata and Amphimorphina ~jenkinsi Zones of Cali fornia and the Uvigerina cf. U. yazooensis and Bulimina schencki-Plectofrondicularia cf. P^. jenkinsi Zones of Washington, as well as neritic assemblages undescribed in the previous zonal schemes. The early Refugian is correlative with the outer neritic Cibicides haydoni and upper bathyal Uvigerina atwilli Subzones and part of the Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone of California, and the middle bathyal Sigmo- morphina schencki Zone of Washington. The late Refugian is correlative with the neritic and bathyal facies of the Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone of California and the middle bathyal Cassidulina galvin- ensis Zone of Washington. Zemorrian assemblages overlie the Refugian, and are represented by both neritic and bathyal facies (see Bandy and Arnal, 1969). 7 series THIS REPORT CALIFORNIA (modified) WASHINGTON (modified) OLIGOCENE EARLY ZEMORRIAN ZEMORRIAN PSEUDOGLANDULINA CF. P. INFLATA ZONE LATE REFUGIAN UVIGERINA VICKSBURGENSIS CASSIDULINA GALVINENSIS ZONE <c ZONE / / / z < LU Z LU EARLY REFUGIAN o ZD U_ LU / ^ / / F * ^ S? Co A A T / # # / Qa ^ A/ CD ZD U. LU a c SIGMOMORPHINA SCHENCKI ZONE O o LU BULIMINA SCHENCKI- < PLECTOFRONDICULARIA LATE NARIZIAN NARIZIAN AMPHIHORPHINA / JENKINSI / ZONE / / I A a V / v v x NARIZIAN CF. P. JENKINSI / ZONE / / & ' < - /4 \ A > 00 DATA Nine sections and wells are selected from northwestern Oregon and southwestern Washington. The nine study sec tions include five outcrop sections and three wells. Central western Oregon is represented by the Eugene section and the Texaco Cooper Mountain well. Sections from north western Oregon include four outcrop sections and two wells: Rock Creek, Wolf Creek, Castor Creek, and Beaver Creek sections; and the Texaco Clatskanie and the Texaco Clark and Wilson wells. The Willapa River section repre sents southwestern Washington. Sampled strata ranges from sandstones to mudstones and represents six late Eocene formations with simple stratigraphic relations (figs. 4 and 5; Appendix III). The late Eocene study sections represent continuous depositional sequences (Warren and others, 1945? Warren and Norbisrath, 1946; Newton, 1969; Beaulieu, 1972; Van Atta, 1971; Niem and Van Atta, 1973; McDougall, 1975? this paper, Appendix III). The late Eocene intervals are distributed along a bathymetric gradient which deepens to the west (Snavely and Wagner, 1963; Snavely and others, 1975). The latter interpretation is supported by micro fossils in the Rock Creek (McDougall, 1975) and Willapa 9 Figure 4. Location of late Eocene study sections. Shaded areas indicate outcrops of marine Eocene and Oligocene strata (modified from Hickman, 1969). Study sections are principally from the late Eocene Cowlitz and Keasey Formations of northwestern Oregon. The central western Oregon, Eugene Formation and the southwestern Washington, Lincoln Creek Formation are also repre sented. The Washington late Eocene zones (Rau, 1958, 1966) are based on faunas from outcrops in south western Washington but not designated on this map. 10 PACIFIC OCEAN VANCOUVER\*V " ISLAND W U PORTLAND . SALS'! { 120‘ WASHINGTON OLYMPIA WILLAPA RIVER SECTION CLARK AND W ILSON W ELL CLATSKANIE W ELL RO CK CREEK SECTION W O LF CREEK SECTION CASTOR CREEK SECTION BEAVER CREEK SECTION ‘ COOPER MOUNTAIN W ELL E U G E N E SECTION “ N‘ OREGON 0 50 _J I lj- „ L I . 50 100 miles K m “T 150 11 Figure 5. Stratigraphic relations of late Eocene forma tions. In central western Oregon, discontinuous outcrops expose sandstones and sandy shales of the Eugene Formation. To the east this formation becomes conglomeratic and interfingers with the nonmarine Fisher Formation. To the northwest the Eugene Forma tion interfingers with the Pittsburg Bluff Formation (Beaulieu, 1972) and probably the older Keasey Formation. In northwestern Oregon, the tuffaceous and sandy shales of the Cowlitz Formation (Van Atta, 1971) grade into the overlying Keasey Formation. The dark shales, and tuffaceous siltstones and shales, of the Keasey Formation are conformably overlain by the massive fine-grained sandstones of the Pittsburg Bluff Formation (Warren and Norbisrath, 1946; Van Atta, 1971; Niem and Van Atta, 1973; Moore, 1976; Hickman, 1976 ) . Although described under a variety of forma- tional names, the sandy shales of the Cowlitz Forma tion are present in southwestern Washington. The Cowlitz Formation grades into the tuffaceous silt stones and mudstones of the Lincoln Creek Formation (Beikman and others, 1967; the Keasey and the Lincoln Formations of Weaver, 1912; Weaver and others, 1944; Snavely and others, 1958). 12 OREGON WASHINGTON CO 4 - < D •r- c r> CENTRAL NORTHERN SOUTHWESTERN GO f O + - > O GO Scappoose Fm. Pi ttsburg Bluff - Fm.^ ^ o u_ Lincoln Creek Fm. cn to Li - C JU Li . Keasey Fm. Cowlitz Fm. Cowlitz Fm. Spencer Fm. Goble Volcanics 13 River (Rau, 1951) sections; megafossils in the Eugene, Rock Creek, and Wolf Creek sections (Hickman, 1969, 1976); sediments in the Rock Creek, Wolf Creek, and Castor Creek sections (Van Atta, 1971); and this study. Published microfossil studies are limited in this area. Schenck (1928) reported on a single sample from the Rock Creek section, Rau (1951) described benthic forami- nifers from the Willapa River section, and Thoms (1969) assigned ages to the three Oregon wells using benthic foraminifers. The diverse benthic foraminiferal assem blages in the study sections are more abundant than pre viously described and diagnostic of both the late Eocene zonal schemes (Appendix III). Sample preparation includes disaggregation of the bulk material with solvent (kerosene) and/or detergent (Qua- ternary-O) and washing of the material through a 200-mesh (0.075-mm) screen. Organic remains are picked from the washed residues. No standard amount of material is picked and no statistical counts are made. The faunal distri bution charts (Appendix II) indicate relative abundances. Well samples consist of picked slides with representative amounts of organic remains and of residue. To evaluate the zonal schemes, stage and zone defi nitions and type sections are considered. Data are derived from published studies on sections by Rau (1958, 1966) for Washington and by Schenck and Kleinpell (1936), Mallory 14 (1959), and Donnelly (1976) for California. These data also include information from studies on the Refugian supplemental type sections by Cushman and Simonson (1944), Smith (1956), Sullivan (1962), Kleinpell and Weaver (1963), Tipton and others (1973), and Donnelly (1976). Species concepts and zoological nomenclature are not discussed in this study but were considered prior to initiation of the study. When possible, holotypes were examined from the U.S. National Museum and University of California, Berkeley. Type specimens and assemblage slides were examined from the published studies. Species concepts and zoological nomenclature were reinterpreted to conform with that used in this study. 15 PALEOECOLOGY Introduction Benthic foraminifers are a principal means of inter preting paleoenvironmental conditions, yet west coast paleoecologic interpretations are vague and rely on the appearance of a few selected species. Such a base is inadequate for identifying paleoenvironmentally controlled species in biostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic zona- tions. This chapter identifies relations between paleo environmental conditions and faunal distributions. The purpose is accomplished by considering morphologic varia tions, trends, occurrences and preservation of benthic foraminifers, associated microfossils, and lithic constit uents within the late Eocene study sections of Oregon and Washington. Patterns identified are compared to analogous Holocene patterns. These comparisons lead to the recog nition of environmentally related benthic foraminiferal distributions which are interpreted as bathymetric and low oxygen facies. The paleoecologic conclusions of this section provide a means of recognizing paleoecologic control present in the zonal schemes. The paleoecologic analysis presented in the following 16 pages is a summary of a more detailed study. In this summary only faunal patterns and distributions recognized over a broad geographic area are considered. Local vari ations within sections are not part of this summary. Each study section was analysed and was included in this paleo ecologic summary only if certain requirements were met. The study sections or stratigraphic intervals had to be late Eocene in age and vertically (throughout the late Eocene time interval) represent a nearly constant environ ment. The age was determined by the presence of benthic foraminifers diagnostic of either the Washington or Cali fornia late Eocene stages or zones (Appendix III); planktic foraminifers assignable to late Eocene zones P15 to P17 (R. Z. Poore, personal commun., 1977); or megafossils indicative of the late Eocene "Unnamed late Eocene" through Echinophoria fax Zones (W. 0. Addicott, personal commun., 1978; Armentrout, 1973, 1975; Hickman, 1969, 1974, 1976). Environmental conditions were assumed constant if faunal assemblages or distributions and lithic constituents did not vary within the late Eocene stratigraphic interval. The short but distinct changes recognized in the Rock Creek and Castor Creek sections are treated as separate strati graphic intervals. Study intervals are arranged for anal ysis according to the interpreted paleobathymetry and are positioned with respect to the interpreted paleobathymetric gradient (fig. 6). 17 Figure 6. Paleobathymetric interpretation of the late Eocene sections. Study sections and wells are plotted along a bathymetric gradient showing interpreted paleobathymetric position of each section and the westward deepening trend. The Eugene section is interpreted as representing the middle neritic facies, whereas the Clatskanie well, Clark and Wilson well, Cooper Mountain well, Wolf Creek section, and Castor Creek A section are considered to represent the outer neritic facies. The upper bathyal facies is repre sented by the Rock Creek A section and the middle bathyal facies by the Willapa River and Beaver Creek sections. The Castor Creek B (samples VA143C-145) and the Rock Creek B (KAM 1013-1008) sections are inter preted as representing a low oxygen facies and depths of upper to middle bathyal. Indicated depths reflect the Holocene position of these bathymetric facies (Hedgpeth, 1957; Ingle, 1975). 18 SUBAERIAL BATHYAL NERITIC Middle Outer Upper Lower 100 m 30 m 200 m 2000 m 600 m Sea level Castor Creek B Section \ v \ Eugene Section \ Clatskanie Well Clark & Wilson Well \ Cooper Mountain Well \ Wolf Creek Section Castor Creek A Section Rock Creek A Section LOW OXYGEN FACIES Rock Creek B Sectio 1000 m w Willapa River Section Beaver Creek Section 2000 m EAST WEST M In the paleoecologic summary, data are commonly expressed as an average and/or a modified average. Aver ages and modified averages represent stratigraphic inter vals as single points and thus trends can be characterized over the geographic area. An average (A) is the quantity being considered (X) divided by the number of samples (S) minus the barren samples (Y) in a given stratigraphic interval. A modified average (A1) is the quantity being considered (X) divided by the number of samples (S) minus the barren samples (Y) and the poorly preserved samples (Z) in the stratigraphic interval. Modified averages are believed to be more accurate than averages and closer to the conditions prior to burial. Barren and poorly preserved samples are identified in Appendix II. The late Eocene faunal patterns are compared to Holocene patterns observed along the East Pacific Margin from data compiled by Bandy and Arnal (1957), Bandy and Rudolfo (1969), Enbysk (1960), Smith (1963, 1964), and Uchio (1960). These studies were chosen because the environmental setting of the East Pacific Margin closely resembles that suggested for the late Eocene of the west coast (Addicott, 1967; Donnelly, 1976; Simpson and Cox, 20 1977; Snavely and others, 1975). Comparisons are also made with the Holocene faunal patterns observed in the Gulf of Mexico by Pflum and Frerichs (1976) and the generalized Holocene faunal patterns discussed by Bandy (1960, 1964) and Murray (1976). The paleobathymetric interpretations assume that the late Eocene and Holocene organisms react similarly to environmental variables. Although bathymetry is the principal environmental variable identified in this study factors related to bathymetry such as substrate, temper ature, salinity, and oxygen are believed to control the faunal distributions. Even though the relations between these variables are not completely understood, analogous depth-related patterns are observed in Holocene and late Eocene faunas. Paleoecological Analysis Number of species per sample The number of species per sample varies in a system atic manner with the interpreted depths in the study area. There is a gradual increase in the number of species per sample from the low values of the assumed middle neritic Eugene section (8 species/sample, modified average) to high values in the upper middle bathyal Rock Creek B section (33 species/sample, modified average). In the sections inter 21 preted as outer neritic in depth, the values range from 10 to 14 species per sample (modified average) and the upper bathyal sections have values ranging from 17 to 20 species per sample. The number of species per sample in the Willapa River (17 species/sample, modified average) and Beaver Creek (4 species/sample, modified average) sections indicates a reversal in this trend in the lower middle bathyal zone (fig. 7). The late Eocene trend is similar to the Holocene trend. The Holocene number of species per sample increases across the shelf and in the lower bathyal and abyssal zones whereas the upper and middle bathyal zones are areas of decreased values (Bandy and Arnal, 1957; Bandy and Rudolfo, 1959; Enbysk, 1960; Smith, 1963; Uchio, 1960; Buzas and Gibson, 1969). Two major differences occur between the late Eocene and Holocene data: (1) the number of species per sample is lower in the late Eocene than in the Holo cene; and (2) the maximum shelf/upper slope values are displaced in the late Eocene from the outer neritic to the upper bathyal zone. These differences are in part a consequence of the post mortem and diagnetic effects which have altered the late Eocene assemblages more than the Holocene assemblages. Benthic foraminiferal suborder trends Late Eocene benthic foraminiferal suborders show 22 Figure 7. Average, modified average, and maximum number of species per sample. Averages (dashed line), modified averages (solid line), and maximum values (dotted line) are plotted for the late Eocene study sections of Oregon and Washington. Study sections are arranged according to the interpreted paleobathymetry. The average and modified average values indicate that the number of species per sample increases with depth from the middle neritic Eugene section to the upper/middle bathyal Rock Creek B section. The average and modi fied average values decrease in the middle bathyal Willapa River and Beaver Creek sections. Maximum values do not vary in any recognizable pattern. 23 BEAVER CK -a WILLAPA RIVER ROCK CK sc CQ O CASTOR CK ROCK CK CL CASTOR CK WOLF CREEK COOPER MT WELL c _ > o CLARK & WILSON WELL CLATSKANIE WELL -u -o EUGENE CO o 1 —I o CO o C\J o o L D O O c e L O I — c _ > C L CO QC IC C L I— O ' < £ . L U CQ I — O — Average — Modified Average ••'Maximum o to £_ *r- c u u j Q <U §a co C L general trends related to paleobathymetry. In the study sections, the agglutinated foraminifers (suborder Tex- tulariina) increase with depth, the porcelaneous forami nifers (suborder Miliolina) decrease, and the hyaline foraminifers (suborder Rotaliina) dominate throughout most sections with a slight increase in the deeper water sec tions (fig. 8 ) . Low modified averages (less than 10 percent, Appendix II), few species, and sporadic occurrences characterize the agglutinated suborder in the interpreted neritic sections. Dominant genera are Ammodiscus, Bathysiphon, Haplophrag- moides, and Trochammina. Genera and species have simple morphologies and roughly finished tests composed of coarse material. In the Clark and Wilson well and assumed deeper water sections, the morphologically simple forms are gradually replaced as the dominant forms by the more com plex and slightly larger genera: Cyclammina, Dorothia, Gaudryina, Spiroplectammina, and Textularia. Agglutinated species increase in number and diversity at the interpreted neritic/bathyal boundary, i.e., between the outer neritic Castor Creek A section and the upper bathyal Rock Creek A section. In the Rock Creek A, Willapa River, and Beaver Creek sections agglutinated forms are represented by higher modified averages, more even distri butions, and more diverse species (Table 1, Appendix II). Test size increases with depth while the amount and size of 25 Figure 8. Suborder trends of benthic foraminifers. The average (dashed line) and modified average (solid line) values of each suborder are plotted for the late Eocene study sections of Washington and Oregon. The values are based on the percent of suborder species in each benthic foraminiferal assemblage. The average and modified average number of agglutinated species in the total benthic foraminiferal assemblage increases from 0 percent in the Eugene section to 16 percent in the Willapa River section and 100 percent in the Beaver Creek section. The average and modified average for the porcelaneous suborder decrease across the interpreted shelf and upper slope from 6 percent (modified average) in the Clatskanie well to 4 percent (modified average) in the Rock Creek A section. Deeper occurrences of this group are rare (modified averages less than 2 percent). Average and modified averages for the hyaline suborder decrease only slightly with depth. 26 o o o 03 O 30 O O 0 3 7C O r~ o 00 | — O > 3 Z 3 0 t: m a ® m SECTIONS CO -H > O 3 0 O 7^ > CD 3> “ O > SUBORDERS o 7^ —I average — modified average AGGLUTINATED 25- 75- PORCELANEOUS Middle Upper Low Oxygen Middle Cuter INTERPRETED PALEOBATHYMETRY BATHYAL NERITIC ro the arenaceous material in the tests decreases with depth. Species of Karreriella and Eggerella, and specimens of Cyclammina and Gaudryina exemplify these trends. The decrease in agglutinated forms in the interpreted low oxygen facies, Rock Creek B and Castor Creek A sections, may be related to exclusion during life or preservational effects. The porcelaneous suborder comprises a small percent of the benthic foraminiferal fauna rarely averaging more than 5 percent (modified average, Appendix II). Neritic assem blages are characterized by Cyclogyra byramensis and species of Quinqueloculina; bathyal assemblages contain rare specimens of Biloculinella cowlitzensis, Pyrgo lupheri, Sigmoilina tenuis, and Spiroloculina texana. Although neritic species continue to appear in the bathyal sections, the number of specimens and the number of frag mented or abraded tests increases with depth suggesting downslope transport. Porcelaneous tests in Holocene assem blages have been observed to have extensive depth distri butions compared to the living range (Uchio, 1960). Except for the Beaver Creek section, the abundance and diversity of the hyaline suborder remains high throughout all the sections. Calcareous material has been removed by weathering in the Beaver Creek section. Modified averages decrease only slightly in the sections interpreted as representative of the bathyal zone. The trends associated 28 with the hyaline suborder are more efficiently used when the assemblages are analyzed at the superfamily, generic, or specific levels. Hyaline trends are discussed below. The late Eocene agglutinated, porcelaneous, and hyaline suborder trends are comparable to the general trends exhibited by these groups in the Holocene assem blages (Bandy, 1960, 1964; Enbysk, 1960; Murray, 1973, 1976; Saidova, 1959; Sliter and Baker, 1972): (1) the agglutinated suborder increases in diversity with depth; (2) the porcelaneous suborder may dominate the inner shelf assemblages but becomes increasingly rare with depth; and (3) the hyaline suborder dominates the shelf and slope bathymetric zones. Hyaline superfarnily trends Hyaline species group into superfamilies which vary with depth. Seven superfamilies are present in the late Eocene study sections: Nodosariacea, Buliminacea, Orbi- toidacea, Cassidulinacea, Discorbacea, Rotalinacea, and Robertinacea. Orbitoidacea, Rotalinacea, and Robertinacea are common in the neritic sections but decrease in the bathyal sections. Rotalinacea dominate the middle neritic Eugene section, comprising 26 percent (modified average) of the hyaline species. Orbitoidacea decrease gradually from the Clatskanie well (26 percent, modified average) to the Castor Creek A section (6 percent, modified average). 29 Robertinacea constitute less than 5 percent (modified average) of the neritic assemblages. Bathyal occurrences are limited to single species. Buliminacea are charac teristic of the upper bathyal zone and increase gradually across the shelf becoming most abundant in the Rock Creek A and deeper sections (greater than 15 percent, modified average). Discorbacea are present in neritic and bathyal assemblages as minor elements (less than 5 percent, modi fied average). Nodosariacea and Cassidulinacea maintain fairly consistent averages regardless of depth. Nodosari acea average 40 to 50 percent and Cassidulinacea average 10 to 15 percent of the total hyaline species in all sections. These values are, however, misleading. The percent species remains constant, but the number of specimens decrease for Nodosariacea and increase for Cassidulinacea in the bathyal zones. Thus, Nodosariacea is a neritic superfamily and Cassidulinacea is a bathyal superfamily. The superfamily trends are illustrated in figure 9. Generic and specific trends recognized in the study sections are at this point largely speculative or unique to the study sections. These trends are difficult to charac terize because variations in size, shape, and ornamentation displayed by unrelated species and gaps exist between occurrences. Trends with apparent regional usage include the variations in uvigerinid ornamentation and size vari ations in praeglobobuliminids and Hoeglundina. 30 Figure 9. Hyaline superfamily trends. The average (dashed line) and the modified average (solid line) are based on the percent of the species assignable to a super family in the total hyaline benthic foraminiferal assemblage. The late Eocene study sections are arranged according to the interpreted paleobathymetry (last column). Nodosariacea and Cassidulinacea remain about the same in all depth facies whereas the Orbi toidacea, Rotalinacea, and Robertinacea are charac teristic of the neritic; Buliminacea and Discorbacea are typical of the bathyal facies. 31 SECTION COOPER NT. HELL CLATSKANIE HELL CASTOR CK. CLARK A H1LSON HELL CASTOR CK. ROCK CK. HILLAPA RIVER BEAVER CK. WOLF CREEK EU6ENE SUPERFAMILY 80 - N O DO SAR IA C EA 20 - 80 - 60 - BULIMINACEA 40 - 20 - 80 - 60 - ORBITOIDACEA 20 - 80 - 60 - CASSIDULINACEA 40 - • -§-=1 40 - D ISCO RB A C EA 20 - 40 - ROTALINACEA 40 - RO BERTINACEA 20 - Middle Middle Outer INTERPRETED PA LEO B A TH Y M E TR Y NERITIC BATHYAL Late Eocene uvigerinids have distinctive test mor phologies associated with depth. The observed trend asso ciates costate species with outer neritic to bathyal depths and costate-spinose and hispid forms with the middle bathyal facies and deeper waters (fig. 10). Uvigerina yazooensis and the Uvigerina cocoaensis species group represent the costate and costate-spinose morphology. Uvigerina yazooensis is rare in the study sections and occurs only in the assumed upper bathyal Rock Creek B section. Costate forms of the Uvigerina cocoaensis species group are abundant in the outer neritic Wolf Creek and upper bathyal Rock Creek A sections where the amount of variation and intergradation between members does not permit recognition of individual species. In the middle bathyal Willapa River section, a member of the Uvigerina cocoaensis species group, Uvigerina sp., appears which has the upper chamber or chambers covered with discontinuous costate and/or spines. In Holocene assemblages the same morphologic transition also occurs in the middle bathyal facies (Bandy, 1964; Lamb, 1964; Boersma, 1974; Pflum and Frerichs, 1976). Praeglobobulimina pupoides and Praeglobobulimina ovata range from the Clark and Wilson well to the Willapa River section. Associated with this bathymetric range is a steady increase in the maximum test size. Outer neritic specimens range from 0.6 mm in the shallower sections to 33 Figure 10. Distribution of late Eocene uvigerinids and characteristic morphology. The solid line represents common to abundant occurrences. The dashed line represents rare occurrences of species. 34 D E P T H DISTRIBUTION OF LATE EOCENE UVIGERINIDS Inner < _ D cm Middle Outer Upper low oxygen > - < C CQ Middle CD < T 3 N U ro CD o n * i — on ^_ c C D — CD 4-5 o ^ - O INI o n --------ro O __ >> o __ ZD Ci on J d CD +-> r O 4-> o n O C J 4 - 5 ro on —■ - CD CD •r— 4-> C_ ) ro CD 4-5 CL on on O u • ' ' ZD CD on O Q . o n I CD 4 - J tO 4-> on o c _ > Lower 35 0.7 mm near the interpreted neritic/bathyal boundary. Bathyal forms reach lengths of 0.9 mm in the Rock Creek A section and 1.2 mm in the Willapa River section. This increase in size is analogous to that of "Bulimina” affinis which ranges from 0.75 mm in the outer neritic to middle bathyal facies and 1.5 mm in the deeper basins (Bandy, 1964). Deviation from the trend in the Rock Creek B sec tion may be attributed to dwarfism, exclusion, or trans port. Specimens in the Rock Creek B section decrease (0.7 mm) in length (fig. 11). Hoeglundina eocenica first appears in the outer neritic Wolf Creek section and ranges into deeper waters. This late Eocene species increases in size with depth. Specimens in the Wolf Creek section have an average diam eter of 0.34 mm and increase gradually to an average diam eter of 0.46 mm in the Willapa River section (fig. 12). This size variation may be too subtle for paleoecological interpretations and is much less dramatic than the size trend of the Holocene homeomorph Hoeglundina elegans which reaches diameters of 2 mm in the middle bathyal facies (Pflum and Frerichs, 1976). Characteristic occurrences, bathymetric ranges, and upper depth limits of hyaline benthic foraminifers are apparent in the study sections. The majority of these occurrences are local. Those occurrences believed to have regional significance are summarized by paleoecologic facies in the following pages. Figure 11. Size variation of Praeglobobulimina pupoides and Praeglobobulimina ovata. 37 MAXIMUM LENGTH OF PRAEGLOBOBULIMINA DEPTH SECTION 1.2mm CLARK & WILSON WELC COOPER MT. WELL WOLF CREEK - CASTOR CK. ROCK CK.- CASTOR CK.- LOW 'OXYGEN FACIES ROCK CK. WILLAPA RIVER Figure 12. Size variation of the late Eocene species Hoeglundina eocenica. Specimens of this species are identified from three sections in the study area, and diameters of these specimens are plotted. The average diameter increases from 0.3 4 mm (dashed line) in the Wolf Creek section to 0.46 mm in the Willapa River section. Willapa River Rock Creek Wolf C r e e k s i z e s e c t i o HOEGLU NDI N A EOCENICA diam eter 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8mm, ]_________ I _________ L l l i ■ ■ I ■ la u | 1 specimen average diameter The middle neritic facies is characterized by abundant specimens of Elphidium, Lenticulina, and eurybathyal species. Bolivina kleinpelli and Nonionellina applini are common in this facies. Outer neritic assemblages are more diverse than the middle neritic facies containing numerous species of Lenticulina, Guttulina, Dentalina, and Plectofrondicularia. Members of Plectofrondicularia increase the test size and the number of costate with depth in the outer neritic facies. Eponides mexicanus and Cibicides natlandi are common members of the shallower outer neritic assemblages but are replaced by Cibicides haydoni and Uvigerina cocoa- ensis species group in deeper outer neritic and upper bathyal assemblages. The latter species group can comprise over 50 percent of the benthic foraminiferal fauna in the outer neritic assemblages near the shelf/slope break. Species of Elphidium decrease sharply in abundance in these outer neritic assembalges and usually indicate a trans ported fauna. The upper bathyal facies is characterized by abundant Uvigerina cocoaensis species group and species of Bulimina, Globobulimina, and Praeglobobulimina. Many outer neritic species of Lenticulina, Dentalina, Guttulina, Plectofron dicularia , Eponides, and Cibicides are present in the upper bathyal facies but numbers of specimens are reduced. 41 Gyroidinids and other deeper water species first appear in this facies. Assemblages from the middle bathyal facies are recog nized by the abundant species of Gyroidina, Cassidulina, Melonis, and spinose and hispid uvigerinids, and deeper water species such as Cibicides elmaensis, Valvulineria jacksonensis welcomensis and Valvulineria tumeyensis. Representatives of Elphidium and other shallow water species are rare. Benthic foraminiferal species present within the low oxygen facies are intermediate in composition between the assemblages typical of the upper and middle bathyal facies with several exceptions. Species of Buliminacea become very abundant in this interval. Uvigerina garzaensis appears accompanied by Bulimina corrugata. The bolivinids develop a test morphology similar to the common low oxygen species Suggrunda eckisi of Holocene assemblages. Species of Nodosariacea develop inflated chambers, spines and/or evolute tests. Valvulineria tumeyensis, which is common to the middle bathyal facies, appears in abundance. Preservation Preservation and/or the selective removal of species alters paleoecologic interpretations. In the study area, preservation is variable and little correlation is recog nized between type and bathymetry or other environmental 42 parameters. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages altered by poor preservation are recognized by lower species numbers, fewer individuals, and/or enrichment of a particular suborder or superfamily (Table 1, Appendix II). The latter changes can be categorized as one of three types: (1) enrichment in agglutinated foraminifers, (2) enrichment in hyaline foraminifers, or (3) enrichment in shallower water species. Agglutinated foraminifers are selectively removed from the middle neritic and shallow outer neritic assemblages but enriched in the outer neritic and bathyal assemblages as preservation of calcareous forms decreases. This trend correlated with the trends in wall composition and cement ing material of the agglutinated foraminifers. The coarse, roughly finished forms common to the neritic facies are poorly cemented and disaggregate when subjected to adverse preservational conditions. The bathyal and some outer neritic species are smoothly finished, finely arenaceous, and contain a large quantity of cement. These tests are more resistant and thus remain in assemblages even though subjected to adverse conditions (for example, UOC 101-26 to UOC 76-1, Willapa River section and all samples in the Beaver Creek section). This trend makes the agglutinated species appear more common in the bathyal facies (Table 1, Appendix II). Recrystallization, replacement, and the formation of 43 internal molds enrich assemblages in hyaline foraminifers. Silica and pyrite are the principal minerals involved in these alterations. Porcelaneous and agglutinated forami nifers are rarely involved in these alterations, although some silica replacement and some filling of the aggluti nated foraminiferal tests may occur. Siliceous alteration enriches benthic foraminiferal assemblages with members of the hyaline suborder (for example, samples 2435 to 2824, Cooper Mountain well; UOC 1-1 to B0079, Wolf Creek section; KAM 247-240, Rock Creek section; Table 1, Appendix II). More extensive siliceous alteration leads to the enrichment in the Buliminacea because of progressive destruction of other superfamilies. Pyritization of specimens varies from partially filled tests to internal molds and is most common in the bathyal sections. Decreased preservation and increased pyritization enriches the assemblage in hyaline foraminifers especially the Buliminacea and Cassidulinacea (for examples, samples 3691 to 4616, Clark and Wilson well; KAM 212, Rock Creek section; Table 1, Appendix II). The action and interaction of chemical alterations and the physical mixing of faunas are responsible for most of the deviations from the average and modified averages observed in the various sections. By recognizing the progressive destruction of the benthic foraminiferal tests the errors introduced by poorly preserved samples are interpretable. 44 Associated microfossil trends The most consistently analyzed associated microfossil groups include ostracods and the oceanic planktic groups, planktic foraminifers, diatoms, and radiolarians• The relative abundance of these groups are noted in the indi vidual sections (Table 1, Appendix II). Although no quan titative work was done, general trends can be related to depth and environment. Planktic foraminifers increase in abundance with depth in the late Eocene assemblages of Oregon and Washington. The number of planktic specimens (relative abundance) increases with depth from few specimens in the Clatskanie well to abundant specimens in the Willapa River section. The number of species identified also increases with depth from none in the middle neritic facies to 22 species in the middle bathyal facies (Appendix III). Preservation im proves in the deeper water facies but is generally poor in the study area. The increase in late Eocene planktics with depth is not as dramatic as in Holocene assemblages (Bandy, 1960; Bandy and Arnal, 1969; Ingle, 1967; Pflum and Frerichs, 1976). Dissolution of the planktic tests either initially or during diagenesis is probably the primary factor re sponsible for the low abundances. Other factors which affect these numbers are thought to include the presence of cool-water masses and a position on the east side of an 45 ocean basin (Bradshaw, 1959; McKeel and Lipps, 1972), as well as volcanic activity associated with the tectonics of the area and geographic configurations which exclude planktics (McKeel and Lipps, 1972). The late Eocene diatoms and radiolarians increase in relative abundance with depth. The maximum abundance of both groups (greater than 50 specimens per sample) occurs in the outer neritic Wolf Creek section. The low oxygen facies of both the Rock Creek B and Castor Creek B sections is marked by a high concentration of these siliceous organisms. The concentration may be due to increased preservation or a change in the surface water mass. The low numbers of diatoms and radiolarians in the Beaver Creek section could be the result of removal by weathering. Late Eocene radiolarian and diatom trends are anal ogous to those of the Holocene. Holocene radiolarians and diatoms show a definite increase with depth and an abrupt increase in abundance in the lower bathyal facies at or just below 2,000 meters (Bandy, 1960; Bandy and Arnal, 1969; Enbysk, 1960; Bandy and Rudolfo, 1964; Pflum and Frerichs, 1976). Ostracods are most abundant in the inner outer neritic Clatskanie and Clark and Wilson wells and decrease in abundance with increasing depth. Neritic occurrences of this microfossil group include single and occluded valves whereas bathyal occurrences are limited to single worn 46 valves or fragments implying transport. This trend corre sponds to the Holocene trend in which the ostracods become increasingly rare with depth (Bandy and Arnal, 1957; Pflum and Frerichs, 1976). Other microfossils occurring in the foraminiferal residues include megafossil fragments, echinoid spines, sponge spicules, and fish debris. Megafossil fragments are quite abundant in the middle neritic section but become increasingly rare with depth. Bathyal occurrences of megafossil fragments are smaller and more abraded than in the neritic zone. Small rnicromollusks are observed in the neritic sections only. Echinoid spines, fish debris, and sponge spicules have a distribution similar to the mega fossil fragments. Sediments Gross lithology and grain size decrease with depth and distance from the source in the late Eocene study sections. Conglomeratic nearshore sandstones grade westward from the late Eocene shoreline to the silty sandstones of the Eugene section (samples KAM 202-203). Silty sandstones and silt- stones characterize the outer neritic Cooper Mountain, Clatskanie, and Clark and Wilson wells. The sand component continues to decrease in the bathyal sections where silt- stones and mudstones dominate. Lithologic constituents, mica, glauconite, pyrite, 47 glass shards, and volcanic debris, vary directly with depth and distance from the source. Lava flows and abundant volcanic debris are common in the shallow neritic study sections suggesting that the volcanoes are nearshore or subaerial. Volcanic debris decreases with distance from the supposed subaerial source which coincides with depth in this area. Glass shards are most common in the outer neritic and upper bathyal zones which again coincides with distance from source. Glauconite and pyrite are common to the very outer neritic and bathyal zones and the major abundance and size increase of these components coincides with the low oxygen facies. Mica decreases in size and abundance with increasing depth. Conclusions General trends exhibited by the late Eocene benthic foraminifers vary in a predictable manner with the inter preted bathymetry of the study sections. Agglutinated species and the number of species per sample increases whereas porcelaneous species decrease with depth. The hyaline species decrease only slightly with depth. Nodo- sariacea, Orbitoidacea, Rotalinacea, and Robertinacea are neritic superfamilies; Buliminacea, Cassidulinacea, and Discorbacea are bathyal superfamilies. Associated micro fossils such as diatoms, radiolarians, and planktic foram- 48 inifers increase in abundance with depth. Ostracods and megafossil fragments decrease with depth. Morphologic variations, clines, characteristic occurrences, and upper depth limits of benthic foraminifers define assemblages which characterize bathymetric and low oxygen facies. These distributions are analogous to Holocene benthic foraminiferal distributions and support the bathymetric interpretation proposed for the late Eocene sections of Oregon and Washington (fig. 13). The preceding paleoecologic analysis indicates late Eocene benthic foraminifers respond to any environmental influences such as bathymetry and low oxygen conditions. The distribution of benthic foraminifers in the study sections can be categorized to identify these environmental conditions. The resulting paleoecologic framework can be used to interpret late Eocene environments and to separate environmentally restricted species from those with chrono- stratigraphic values. 49 Figure 13. Benthic foraminiferal and associated micro fossil trends in northwestern Oregon and southwestern Washington sections. The late Eocene sections are interpreted as representing middle neritic to middle bathyal water depths (column 1). The number of species per sample increases with depth to the upper bathyal facies but decreases sharply in the middle bathyal facies (column 2). Agglutinated foraminifers (column 3), planktic foraminifers, radiolarians, and diatoms (last column) increase with depth whereas the porcelaneous foraminifers (column 3) and ostracods (last column) decrease with depth. The hyaline suborder remains nearly consistent throughout all bathymetric facies (column 3). Each of the hyaline superfarailies has a preferred depth of occurrence (columns 4-10). Using these general trends and morphologic variations, clines, characteristic occur rences, and upper depth limits of benthic foraminif eral species, the microfaunas of the bathymetric and low oxygen facies can be characterized. 50 N U M B E R O B B E N T H IC F O R A M IN IF IR A L A S S O C IA T E D M IC R O F O S S IL T R E N D S H Y A L IN E S U P E R F A M IL Y T R E N D S D E P T H S E C T IO N S U B O R D E R T R E N D S C A M IO U IIN A C IA N O D O lA M A C tA M O T A U N A C tA 1 1 I iVTi 1 iVK i E U G E N E S E C T IO N P O M C IL A N IO U C C L A T S K A N IE W E L L C L A R K A N D W IL S O N W E L L C O O P E R M O U N T A IN W E L L W O L F C R E E K S E C T IO N C A S T O R C R E E K A S E C T IO N R O C K C R E E K A S E C T IO N C A S T O R C R E E K B S E C T IO N R O C K C R E E K B S E C T IO N W IL L A P A R IV E R S E C T IO N B E A V E R C R E E K S E C T IO N BIOSTRATIGRAPHY Introduction The west coast late Eocene includes the Narizian and Refugian benthic foraminiferal stages and zones of Cali fornia (Schenck and Kleinpell, 1936; Mallory, 1959; Don nelly, 1976) and the benthic foraminiferal zones of Wash ington (Rau, 1958, 1966). Original stage definitions acknowledge the probability of paleoecologic facies control in the distribution of the diagnostic species. To overcome the problem, Schenck and Kleinpell (1936) designated the faunas of the Lincoln Creek Formation (formerly Lincoln Formation) as a deeper facies of the type Refugian Stage and Mallory (1959) included shallow-water species in those diagnostic of the Narizian Stage and zones. The intent was to identify coeval faunas in different environments, minimize the effects of ecology and provide a chronostrati- graphic framework of stages and zones. This intent was not entirely successful because the late Eocene zonal schemes do not correlate; species are different; and species common to both areas have different stratigraphic ranges. Addi tionally, planktic foraminiferal and nannofossil studies suggest the Tertiary stage boundaries are time trans- 52 gressive (Lipps, 1967; Schmidt, 1970, 1975; Gibson, 1973, 1976; Poore, in press) and thus the stages are not chrono- stratigraphic units. The premise is that the paleoecologic problems were not eliminated and as a result zonal schemes based on environmentally different faunas do not correlate. This chapter uses the paleoecologic framework (preceding chap ter) to examine late Eocene zonal schemes. The effect of paleoenvironment on stage and zone criteria, recognition, and correlation is considered. Original stage and zone descriptions are summarized so that type sections and the diagnostic species can be analyzed. Then, each of the zonal schemes is applied to the study sections as a means of further identifying paleoecologic problems and estab lishing a correlation. Finally, after problem areas and problem species are identified, modifications are proposed which remove the paleoecologic control and allow corre lation of the zonal schemes. This study concludes that the zones and stages as previously defined more closely resemble concurrent range zones or assemblages zones controlled by local physical and biologic conditions. The modified zonation combines the criteria of the California and Washington zonal schemes, and is the basis of a late Eocene zonal scheme which has regional utility and appears to be chronostratigraphically valuable. Chronostratigraphic evaluation of these modified 53 stages and zones requires more information on planktic organisms and/or some other technique to calibrate the zonal boundaries. Stage and Zonal Criteria Narizian Stage Narizian Stage criteria established by Mallory (1959) include two zones, the Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone and the Bulimina corrugata Zone, with two subzones, the Uvigerina churchi and the Uvigerina garzaensis Subzones. Devils Den, California, is the type section for both the stage and zones. Extension of species ranges (summarized in Klein pell and Weaver, 1963; Donnelly, 1976) and changes in the zoological nomenclature are the only revisions the stage has undergone (fig. 14). Refugian Stage The Refugian Stage was defined on the basis of both megafossils and microfossils (Schenck and Kleinpell, 1936). Canada de Santa Anita, California, is the type section. Other than informal upper and lower divisions, no subdivisions were proposed. Formal subdivisions and modifications proposed by Cushman and Simonson (1944), Kleinpell and Weaver (1963), and Donnelly (1976) are summarized in Donnelly (1976). Type sections for Refugian 54 Figure 14. Selected species diagnostic of the California Narizian Stage. Species with more extensive ranges than recognized by Mallory (1959) are indicated with the symbol #. These modifications are summarized in Kleinpell and Weaver (1963) and Donnelly (1976). Modifications of the taxonomic nomenclature, indicated with an asterisk (*), are revised to conform with this study. 55 STAGE SPECIES * NAME CHANGE # RANGE CHANGE OO NARIZIAN BULIMINA CORRUGATA ZONE UVIGERINA CHURCHI SUBZONE UVIGERINA GARZAENSIS SUBZONE AMPHIMORPHINA JENKINS I ZONE cr CJD U_ LU cn 1. Karrerlella chapatoensis monumentensis 2. Marginulina exima 3. Spiroplectanmina richardi 4. Textularia adalta * 5. Bolivina kleinpelli 6. Bulimina corrugata 7. Eponides mexicanus *# 8. Fursenkoina bramletti * 9. Bolivina pisciformis 10. Bolivina scabrata 11. Cibicides natlandi 12. Plectofrondicularia packardi multilineata 13. Pullenia salisburyi 14. Quinqueloculina imperialis 15. Uvigerina garzaensis # 16. Valvulineria jacksonensis welcomensis # 17. Valvulineria tumeyensis # 18. Bulimina microcostata 19. Plectofrondicularia searsi 20. Plectofrondicularia vokesi 21. Eggerella subconica 22. Amphimorphina jenkinsi 23. Cibicides pseudowuellerstorffi 24. Dorothia principiensis 25. Eggerella elongata * 26. Nonion plantum 27. Plectofrondicularia minuta 28. Boldia hodgei *# 29. Bulimina sculptilis # 30. Bulimina sculptilis lacinata # 31. Lenticulina welchi *# 32. Plectofrondicularia packardi *# 33. Uvigerina garzaensis nudorobusta *# 56 zone criteria are three sections and three wells in Cali fornia: Arroyo El Bulito (Donnelly, 1976), San Lorenzo River (Sullivan, 1962), and Devils Den (Smith, 1956) sections; Texas Pioneer Unit Plan #1 (Tipton and others, 1973), Texaco Tulare 0 and M #1 (Texaco Tulare NOT One 28- 28, Tipton and others, 1973), and the Seaboard Welch #1 (Cushman and Simonson, 1944; Donnelly, 1976) wells. Revision of the zoological nomenclature and species concepts to conform with this study and the addition of some new assemblage data (McDougall, in press) alter the revised definitions of Donnelly (1976). The two zones and subzones remain essentially as defined by Donnelly (1976) but the zone and stage criteria and the zonal boundaries change. These changes are summarized below and in figure 15. The base of the early Refugian Cibicides haydoni Subzone is marked by the extinction of Narizian species as designated by Mallory (1959) and the first appearance of Cibicides haydoni and Cibicides elmaensis (Cibicides pseudoungerianus evolutus of Donnelly, 1976). Bolivina jacksonensis (Bolivina jacksonensis tumeyensis of Donnelly, 1976), Bolivina jacksonensis tumeyensis, and Plectofron dicularia packardi robusta occur in Narizian and Refugian strata of the type sections and are, therefore, not diag nostic of the Cibicides haydoni Subzone. The base of the Uvigerina atwilli Subzone is charac- 57 Figure 15. Selected species diagnostic of the California Refugian Stage. Species with more extensive ranges than recognized by Donnelly (1976) are indicated with the symbol #. Modifications of the taxonomic nomen clature, indicated with an asterisk (*), are revised to conform with this study. Question marks (?) indicate that the upper limit of the species is unknown• 58 STAGE ZONE SPECIES * NAME CHANGE # RANGE CHANGE < M » —* O C . < REFUGIAN VALVULINERIA TUMEYENSIS ZONE CIBICIDES HAYDONI SUBZONE UVIGERINA ATWILLI SUBZONE . UVIGERINA VICKSBURGENSIS ZONE CH Od O s: LU M 1. Amphimorphina jenkinsi 2. Bifarina eleganta 3. Bolivina pisciformis 4. Bulimina corrugata 5. Buiimina microcostata 6. Eggerella elongata 7. Eggerella subconica # 8. Planularia tolmani # 9. Uvigerina gardnerae # 10. Uvigerina garzaensis nudorobusta 11. Valvulineria jacksonensis welcomensis # 12. Lenticulina welchi # 13. Vaginulinopsis saundersi # 14. Valvulineria tumeyensis # 15. Vulvulina curta # 16. Uvigerina garzaensis # 17. Alabamina kernensis 18. Boldia hodgei * 19. Bulimina sculptilis 20. Cancris joaquinensis 21. Nonion planatum 22. Plectofrondicularia vokesi 23. Spiroloculina wilcoxensis 24. Cibicides elmaensis *# 25. Cibicides haydoni # 26. Uvigerina cocoaensis species group 27. Cassidulina galvinensis 28. Uvigerina kernensis 29. Valvulineria menloensis 59 terized by the first occurrence of one or more of the members of the Uvigerina cocoaensis species group and no extinctions, Lenticulina welchi (synonymous with L. we1chi and L. chiranus of Donnelly, 1976), Vaginulinopsis saundersi, Vulvulina curta, and Valvulineria tumeyensis appear near the base of the Uvigerina atwilli Subzone but not in the underlying Cibicides haydoni Subzone. Buccella mansfieldi oregonensis (Eponides mansfieldi oregonensis of Donnelly, 1976) is not present in any of the type sections. The base of the Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone is recognized by the first occurrence of 1 1 Uvigerina gallowayi" (not Uvigerina gallowayi Cushman) and Uvigerina vicks burgensis . Uvigerina kernensis, Valvulineria menloensis, and Cassidulina galvinensis first appear within the zone but not necessarily at the base. Cibicides elmaensis, Bolivina marginata, and Eponides mexicanus (synonymous with Eponides kleinpelli of Donnelly, 1976) are not useful in the Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone because of broad ranges or ranges no older than Zemorrian. The placement of zonal boundaries is altered by the changes in zonal criteria. The Cibicides haydoni Subzone is recognized only in the Arroyo El Bulito section. Strata and assemblages formerly assigned to this subzone are reassigned to the sub- or superadjacent zones. The Uvigerina atwilli Subzone is recognized in all type sec tions. New data from the San Lorenzo River section identi 60 fies the Uvigerina atwil1i Subzone in samples Mfl360 to B2253 (McDougall, in press). The Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone is recognized in all sections (fig. 16). Paleoecologic analysis Paleoecologic analysis of the late Eocene type sec tions and zonal criteria identifies a number of different environments but within any given zone or subzone the paleobathymetric facies are always the same. Narizian assemblages are all middle bathyal or deeper. The Cibi cides haydoni Subzone is recognized only in outer neritic assemblages. The younger Uvigerina atwilli Subzone appears in assemblages indicative of the upper bathyal facies. The Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone is recognized only in the upper bathyal facies, but the assemblage composition varies with increasing or decreasing water depths (fig. 17). The late Eocene stages and zones are strongly asso ciated with bathymetry. The occurrence of diagnostic species is limited by the upper depth limit and/or the ability to be transported. Species and bathymetric distri bution of the late Eocene stages, zones, and subzones suggests (1) the early Refugian subzones are bathymetric facies and coeval, (2) the late Narizian and early Refugian are bathymetric facies and partially coeval, (3) the criteria for the Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone represent two paleoecologic facies, and (4) the early and late Refugian zones may be partially coeval. Figure 16. Allocation of samples from the late Eocene type sections of California. Modifications are the result of changes in zoological nomenclature and consistent application of the criteria. Changes are noted by italics. 62 STAGE REFUGIAN N. ZONE =2! <C M CY' VALVULINERIA TUMEYENSIS ZONE UVIGERINA VICKSBURGENSIS ZONE <C Od Od o SECTION CIBICIDES HAYDONI SUBZONE UVIGERINA ATWILLI SUBZONE UJ M Arroyo El Bull to Section (Donnelly, 1976) 8605-86/3 B614-B621 B623-B650 B655-B665 n o t pA.QAQ.nt Texaco, P. U. P. #1 Well (Tipton and others, 1973) Texaco, Tulare N C T O N E 28-28 Well (Tipton and others, 1973) V4248 to V4318 V4318 to V4323 D4251-D4552 not pAQAQnt n o t pA.2AQ.nt D4253 D4324-D4335 D4254-D4256 V4336-V4338 abovQ V4256 abovo. V4339 Devils Den Section (Smith, 1956; Mallory, 1959) W-l to 82 not pA.QAQ.nt A5469-A5466c A5465c-A5467 n o t pAQAQnt Seaboard Welch #1 Well (Cushman and Simonson, 1944; Donnelly, 1976) VS20 to V550 D530-D550 not pA.QAQ.nt D551-D567 D568-D594 non dJuagno^ti c San Lorenzo River Section (Sullivan, 1962; McDougall 1n press) 82 228 to M|5 / 357, B2251 B2251-B2252 not pfioAQnt 1360-82253 B2254-MjJ 1365 abovo. 82252 Figure 17. Paleobathymetry of late Eocene stages and zones of California. In the type section of the Narizian Stage and zones, the agglutinated species are abundant, morpho logically complex, finely arenaceous and smoothly finished. Nodosariacea are abundant and Buliminacea and Cassidulinacea are common. This distribution suggests the middle bathyal facies. Benthic forami niferal faunas in Narizian strata subadjacent to the type Refugian sections also indicate deposition occurred in the middle bathyal facies. Benthic foraminiferal faunas in the Cibicides haydoni Subzone contain abundant Nodosariacea, few to common Orbitoidacea, and less common Cassidulinacea and Buliminacea. This association of hyaline super families is typical of the outer neritic facies. Benthic foraminiferal faunas from the Uvigerina atwilli Subzone are characterized by species of Orbitoidacea and abundant specimens of Buliminacea and Cassidulinacea. This distribution suggests deposition within the upper bathyal facies. Two facies are recognized in faunas diagnostic of the Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone. In the upper bathyal facies with increasing water depths, species of Cassidulinacea increase whereas Nodosariacea, Buliminacea, and agglutinated species decrease. In the upper bathyal facies with decreasing water depths, Nodosariacea and Buliminacea dominate and Cassidu linacea become rare. Zemorrian strata is barren, dominated by inner neritic species or indicative of the middle bathyal facies. 64 AGE CALIF. SECTION NARIZIAN REFUGIAN ZEM. VALVULINERIA TUMEYENSIS ZONE UVIGERINA VICKSBURGENSIS ZONE CIBICIDE S HAYDONISUBZONE UVIGERINA ATWILLI SUBZONE ARROYO EL BULITO Donnelly, 1976 MIDDLE BATHYAL OUTER NERITIC UPPER BATHYAL UPPER BATHYAL (SHOALING) TEXACO P.U.P. #1 Tipton & others, 1973 MIDDLE TO UPPER BATHYAL UPPER BATHYAL UPPER TO MIDDLE BATHYAL MIDDLE BATHYAL TEXACO TULARE NCT ONE 28-28 Tipton & o t h e r s , 1973 MIDDLE BATHYAL UPPER TO MIDDLE BATHYAL MIDDLE TO LOWER BATHYAL ABYSSAL DEVILS DEN SECTION Smith, 1956 MIDDLE BATHYAL UPPER BATHYAL UPPER TO MIDDLE BATHYAL NOT SAMPLED SEABOARD WELCH #1 Donnelly, 1976 MIDDLE BATHYAL UPPER BATHYAL UPPER BATHYAL (SHOALING) (INNER NERITIC) SAN LORENZO RIVER Sullivan, 1962 McDougall, in press MIDDLE BATHYAL (SHOALING) UPPER BATHYAL ( UPPER BATHYAL INCREASING MIDDLE BATHYAL ) Interpreting the Cibicides haydoni and Uvigerina atwilli Subzones as coeval bathymetric facies partially resolves problems with the Narizian/Refugian boundary. Th Narizian/Refugian boundary coincides with an abrupt change or transition between faunas deposited in the middle bathyal facies (Narizian) and the outer neritic facies (early Refugian, Cibicides haydoni Subzone) or the upper bathyal facies (early Refugian, Uvigerina atwilli Subzone) The faunal change between the Amphimprphina jenkinsi Zone (Narizian) and the Cibicides haydoni Subzone (early Re fugian) is abrupt whereas the faunal change between the Amphimprphina jenkinsi Zone and the Uvigerina atwilli Subzone (late, early Refugian) is gradual. Lenticulina welchi, Valvulineria temeyensis, Vulvulina curta, and Uvigerina garzaensis, which were formerly thought to range no higher than the top of the Narizian Stage, are observed in the Uvigerina atwilli Subzone but not in the older Cibicides haydoni Subzone. In most of the type Refugian sections the boundary between the Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone and the Uvigerina atwilli Subzone must be interpreted as an unconformity because of the missing Cibicides haydoni Subzone. No physical or biological evidence supports the interpretation of an unconformity. Consider ing the Cibicides haydoni and Uvigerina atwilli Subzones a coeval facies removes the unconformity and bimodal appear ance of the species. Additional evidence supporting this interpretation is derived from regional stratigraphic ranges, species distri butions, and paleoecology. Outside of California, the Uvigerina cocoaensis species group first appears in the late Eocene near the P14/P15 planktic foraminifer zonal boundary (Lamb, 19 64; Boersma, 19 74). The P14/P15 boundary correlates with the Narizian/Refugian boundary in Cali fornia, not with the Cibicides haydoni/Uvigerina atwilli boundary (Poore, in press). The Cibicides haydoni/Uvi gerina atwilli boundary is recognized by first appearance of species whose upper depth limits are within the bathyal facies. The boundary is not characterized by extinctions. Species diagnostic or characteristic of the Cibicides haydoni Subzone range into the Uvigerina atwilli Subzone and/or the Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone, but are less abundant in these intervals. Given these facts and the upper depth limits of Cibicides haydoni (shallowest outer neritic sections, paleoecology chapter) and Uvigerina atwilli (deepest neritic sections, paleoecology chapter), a probable interpretation is that the Uvigerina atwilli and Cibicides haydoni Subzones are coeval paleobathymetrie facies. The Cibicides haydoni assemblages represent early Refugion deposition in the outer neritic facies, and the Uvigerina atwilli assemblages represent early Refugian deposition in the upper bathyal facies. 67 The second of the paleoecologic interpretations suggests the late Narizian zone and early Refugian subzones are partially coeval facies. The occurrence of formerly restricted Narizian species in the oldest Refugian samples of the type sections may be the result of reworking or coeval facies. Evidence for the latter case is the scant information of shallow-water Narizian species. Cibicides natlandi, Eponides mexicanus (senior synonym of _E. yequa- ensis, E. gaviotaensis, and E^. mexicana) , and Quinguelocu- lina imperialis, diagnostic of the Narizian Stage and zones (Mallory, 1959), occur in the Tejon and San Emigdio Forma tions of the San Joaquin Valley, California (Marks, 1941; Mallory, 1959; DeLise, 1967). Although assemblages are interpreted as representing neritic depths during the Narizian (DeLise, 1967), the continued appearance of middle bathyal species suggests either the reworking of older deeper water species into the neritic assemblages, or in situ bathyal assemblages diluted by transported neritic faunas. Eponides mexicanus and Quinqueloculina imperialis occur commonly in the Cibicides haydoni Subzone. Cibicides natlandi is the ancestor of Cibicides haydoni. Differences between the two species is often subtle and transport may obliterate the distinguishing features. These assemblages could represent co-occurring Narizian and Refugian assem blages. A similar relation is evident in the oldest assemblages in the Devils Den section of Smith (1956). 68 Although the evidence is not conclusive, reasonable doubt exists as to the stratigraphic separation of the late Narizian and early Refugian Stages. Thus, interpretation of the late Narizian and early Refugian as partially coeval facies is possible. Assemblages of the Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone represent upper bathyal facies and the zonal criteria identify two aspects of the facies. The first appearance of Uvigerina vicksburgensis and Valvulineria menloensis identify the zone in two of the type sections. These intervals are interpreted as upper bathyal facies with decreasing water depths. The first appearance of “Uvi gerina gallowayi" and Cassidulina galvinensis are criteria for placement of the Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone in four of the type sections. These intervals are interpreted as upper bathyal facies with increasing water depths. The paleoenvironmental utility of this zone was not previously recognized. Although the Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone has more paleoenvironmental latitude than other Refugian zones, the base of the zone is believed to be partially coeval with both the early Refugian subzones. The base of the zone is recognized by the first appearance of Uvigerina vicks burgensis or "Uvigerina gallowayi". Cassidulina galvin ensis and Valvulineria menloensis first appear within the zone but not at the base. The basal part of the Uvigerina 69 vicksburgensis Zone is believed to be coeval with the early Refugian subzones for two reasons. Most diagnostic early Refugian species extend into the Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone. These occurrences could be the result of i.n situ deposition, downslope transport, or reworking. In. situ deposition is favored because there is no difference in preservational condition between the early and late Re fugian species. These stratigraphic ranges are not suffi cient evidence to suggest the overlap of the early and late Refugian except when coupled with the uvigerinid evidence. Uvigerina vicksburgensis is interpreted by Boersma (1974) as a morphologic variation of the Uvigerina cocoa- ensis species group which develops in regressive sequences. The appearance of this species is related to paleoenviron- ment (regression) not time. "Uvigerina gallowayi" of California is believed to be the morphologic variation which develops with transgressive sequences. "Uvigerina gallowayi" is also an environmental marker. The base of the Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone thus is strongly con trolled by environmental conditions and may overlap with the early Refugian. The paleoecologic analysis of the California late Eocene zonal scheme indicates four areas of paleoecologic problems control. The interpretation of the paleoecologic controls identifies new stratigraphic relations of the stages and zones. To test these interpretations the Cali- 70 fornia zonal scheme is applied to the bathymetrically distributed late Eocene study sections of northwestern Oregon and southwestern Washington. Application of the California zonal criteria Late Narizian, Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone assemblages are recognized in each of the study sections but the early Narizian, Bulimina corrugata Zone is recognized only in the bathyal sections, which were interpreted as representing a low oxygen facies (Rock Creek B and Castor Creek B sec tions) . The Amphimorphina jenkinsi and the Bulimina corrugata Zones interfinger in the Castor Creek section and appear in reversed order in the Rock Creek section. The Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone is recognized by few species in the neritic study sections and overlaps with the early Refugian, Cibicides haydoni Subzone. In the bathyal sec tion, numerous species of diagnostic of the Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone appear. The Amphimorphina jenkinsi and late Refugian Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone overlap in the middle bathyal Willapa River section. The Refugian zones and subzones are recognized in most sections. Cibicides haydoni and Uvigerina atwilli Subzones are present only in the outer neritic and upper bathyal sections, and frequently overlap with strata assignable to a younger or older zone or stage. The Uvigerina vicks burgensis Zone is recognized in all bathymetric zones but 71 criteria for recognition vary. This zone also co-occurs with younger and older stages and zones. Zemorrian assemblages are recognized only in the Cooper Mountain well and the Willapa River section. In the bathyal Willapa River section the Zemorrian assemblages co occur with species diagnostic of the late Refugian Uvi gerina vicksburgensis Zone (fig. 18). Since the study sections represent apparent continuous deposition, unconformities and/or hiatuses cannot account for the missing zones and subzones. The stages, zones, and subzones are instead interpreted as ecologically controlled facies and partially coeval. Faunas of the Bulimina corrugata Zone are a deeper and/or low oxygen facies of the middle bathyal Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone. The Refugian, Cibicides haydoni and Uvigerina atwilli Subzones represent the outer neritic and upper bathyal facies. The Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone represents either the neritic or the bathyal Refugian faunas but is partially to completely coeval with the early Refugian subzones. Also, the Nari zian, Refugian, and Zemorrian Stages as presently defined overlap and are partially coeval. These interpretations are similar to the suggestions made as a result of paleo ecologic analysis of the California type sections (see discussion, p. 61). The interfingering and reversed position of the Bulimina corrugata and Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zones in the 72 Figure 18. Biostratigraphic zonation of the study sections according to the California zonal scheme. Correlation of the section is not possible at present due to the overlap of the zones. 73 PL NARIZIAN BULIMINA CORRUGATA ZONE AMPHIMORPHINA JENKINSI ZONE REFUGIAN VALVULINERINA TUMEYENSIS ZONE CIBICIDES HAYDONI SUBZONE JVIGERINA ATWILLI SUBZONE UVIGERINA VICKSBURGENSt S ZONE m IMORPHINA JENKINSI ZONE i r \ AMPHIMORPHINA JENKINSI ZONE W" 1 1 I I 1 1 1 u t H 1 11 1 3 1 \ V a | \ \ si r n----- -- i 3 | S a i r 1 I - 1 T T II Is g o m m cz r-> CD i airiwn \ \ r-n r * o — O O 2 C 3 0 o * 2 ° ° -n i 3 Si b i g nr AMPHIMORPHINA JENKINSI ZONE UVIGERINA VICKSBURGENSIS ZONE m o ( —> i — — I n o r ~ i C O ( — no < —> - a AflPHIWRPHINA JENKINSI Z O N E i I co m m c —) < study sections is attributed to ecologically controlled species. In the Narizian type section and in the study sections, the differences between the two zones are changes in the abundance and dominance of species and not extinc tion. This change is interpreted as a response to low oxygen conditions. The Bulimina corrugata Zone is charac teristic of low oxygen conditions and the Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone is typical of middle bathyal depths. In the type Narizian section, these environmental conditions appear in a sequence which places the Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone stratigraphically higher (younger) than the Buiimina corrugata Zone. In the study sections the low oxygen conditions prevailed for a period of time during the Narizian. The fortuitous location of samples in the Castor Creek and Rock Creek sections records the encroachment and withdrawal of the low oxygen conditions and the inter fingering of the Amphimorphina jenkinsi and Bulimina corrugata Zones. The ranges of the species which last appear in the Bulimina corrugata Zone in most cases extend as high as the Narizian/Refugian boundary, and the relative abundance of the various species is an ecologic indicator, not a chronostratigraphic indicator. By recognizing the broader, Narizian and Refugian ranges of Bolivina gardnerae, Bolivina kleinpelli, Bolivina pisciformis, Bolivina scabrata, Eponides mexicanus, Fur- senkoina bramlettei, Spiroplectammina directa, Spiro- 75 plectammina richardi, and Valvulineria jacksonensis welcomensis, the overlap of the Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone and the Refugian Stage in the Eugene section, the Clark and Wilson well, and the Willapa River section is eliminated. The entire Eugene section represents the Uvigerina vicks burgensis Zone. The Narizian/Refugian boundary in the Clark and Wilson well is placed just above sample 915 and the last appearance of Cibicides natlandi and other diag nostic Narizian species. In the Willapa River section, the Narizian/Refugian boundary occurs in the unsampled strata between the last sample in unit 108 and the first sample in unit 106. This placement of the boundary eliminates the overlap of the Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone and the Zemor rian Stage. These changes do not affect the recognition of this zone in the California type section. In the study sections where the bathymetry did not change across the Narizian/Refugian boundary or within the Refugian interval, the Refugian subzones and zones are bathymetric facies and coeval. The base of each zone or subzone is equivalent with the base of the Refugian Stage but representative of a different bathymetric environment or ecological condition. The Cibicides haydoni Subzone represents the neritic facies and the Uvigerina atwilli Subzone and the early Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone repre sent the bathyal facies. The early Uvigerina vicksburg ensis Zone is indicative of fluctuating bathymetric con 76 ditions either shallowing or deepening water depths. The appearance of Valvulineria menloensis and Cassidulina galvinensis still occur within the late Refugian Uvigerina vicksburgensis and above the overlap with the older zones and subzones. The Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone is only partially coeval with Cibicides haydoni and Uvigerina atwilli Subzones. This interpretation of the Refugian zones and subzones alters only the range of the Uvigerina cocoaensis species group. The stratigraphic range is extended downward to coincide with the base of the Refugian. This extension means that these costate uvigerinids now appear on the west coast at the same time as they appear worldwide. The first appearance of Cibicides haydoni and/or any member of the Uvigerina cocoaensis species group marks the base of the Refugian. The remaining species diagnostic of the Cali fornia Refugian Stage are unchanged from the corrected version of this study (discussion, p. 54-61). The overlying Zemorrian Stage is recognized in two of the study sections. Detailed study of the Zemorrian Stage was not undertaken and these faunas identify the upper boundary of the Refugian Stage. The benthic foraminiferal assemblages of the Cooper Mountain well represent a shallow-water, neritic facies of the Zemorrian. The first appearance of Buccella mansfieldi oregonensis is coincident with the base of the Zemorrian. Zemorrian assemblages of 77 the Willapa River section represent a bathyal facies. The first appearance of Uvigerinella californica is indicative of the Zemorrian. This species co-occurs with many of the diagnostic Refugian species whose upper stratigraphic limit is undetermined in California type sections. Extension of various species formerly restricted to the Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone eliminates the overlap of the Zemorrian and Refugian Stages. Washington Zones A separate zonation for the Tertiary sequences devel oped in Washington (Rau, 1958, 1966). Similarity to the California zonal scheme was so striking that California stage terminology was adopted (Rau, 1968). The Bulimina schencki-Plectofrondicularia cf. _P. jenkinsi and the Uvigerina cf. U. yazooensis Zones are thought to be equiv alent to the late and early zones of the Narizian Stage; the Cassidulina galvinensis and the Sigmomorphina schencki Zones represent the late and early Refugian Stage; the Pseudoglandulina cf. J?. inflata Zone is thought equivalent to at least part of the Zemorrian Stage (Rau, 1966). Zonal criteria discussed by Rau (1966) are based on benthic foraminiferal faunas from four sections; Middle Fork of the Satsop River, Canyon River, Little River, and the West Fork of the Satsop River. The earlier work (Rau, 1958) only summarized the species ranges. Consistent 78 application of the zoological nomenclature and species concepts does not alter the zonal criteria (fig. 19). Paleoecologic analysis Late Eocene benthic foraminiferal faunas in the four type sections and in the zonal scheme represent middle bathyal depths. Complex agglutinated species are common. Porcelaneous species are minor components of the faunas and usually associated with the sandier strata. Hyaline super families are represented by abundant species of the Nodo- sariacea, about equal numbers of Buliminacea and Cassidu- linacea, and minor numbers of Orbitoidacea, Discorbacea, Robertinacea, and Rotalinacea. The nearly equal numbers of the Buliminacea and Cassidulinacea suggest deposition in the middle bathyal facies. The presence of costate (Uvi gerina cocoaensis species group) and hispid (Uvigerina garzaensis) uvigerinids, spinose buliminids (Bulimina sculptilis lacinata and Bulimina alligata), common gyroi- dinids, sharply keeled cassidulinids (Cassidulina galvin- ensis and Cassidulina crassipunctata), and globose pul- lenids (Pullenia bulloides) support this interpretation. Assemblages throughout all the sections contain species which are interpreted as transported. This paleoecological analysis indicates the Washington zonal scheme is based only on middle bathyal assemblages. The sections are not hampered by major unconformities or 79 Figure 19. Selected species diagnostic of the Washington late Eocene zones. Zoological nomenclature has been revised to conform with this study. The zonal names of Rau (1958, 1966) have not been altered. 80 CALIFORNIA STAGES NARIZIAN REFUGIAN 2: <c i — < c u " ZONES (Rau, 1958, -- - 1966 ) SPECIES Buiimi na schencki PIectofrondi cu1ari a cf. P. jenkinsi Si gmomorphi na schencki Ca ss i duli na galvinensis o c o lD M Bo 1dia hodgei Valvulineria jacksonensis welcomensis Valvulineria willapaensis Amphimorphina californica Bolivina kleinpel1i Bulimina sculptilis lacinata Caucasina schencki Cibicides haydoni Eponides mexicanus Lent i culina welchi Qu inqueloculina goodspeedi Valvulineria tumeyensis A1a bami na kernens i s Gyroidina condoni Ceratobulimina washburnei Cancris joaquinensis Nonion halkyardi PIectofrondicu1aria packardi PIectofrondicularia packardi multilineata Cyclogyra byramensis PIectofrondicularia vaughani Pullenia bu1loides Quinqueloculina imperialis Spiroloculina texana Sigmomorphina schencki Uvigerina cocoaensis Vaginulinopsis saundersi Cassidulina galvinensis Eggerella subconica Bolivina marginata adelaidana Uvi gerina gallowayi Buccella mansfieldi oregonensis abrupt environmental changes so the local stratigraphic range of the middle bathyal species may be close to the regional stratigraphic range of the species. The local stratigraphic range of the neritic species is dependent on environmental conditions affecting transport of the assem blages. This interpretation is tested by applying Washing ton zonal criteria (Rau, 1958, 1966) to the late Eocene study sections. Zones should be most recognizable in the middle bathyal sections and become less useful in the neritic sections. Application of the Washington zonal criteria The Washington late Eocene zones are recognized in all study sections. The overlap of the zones is extensive. The Narizian Uvigerina cf. tJ. yazooensis Zone occurs only in the Rock Creek section and overlaps with the younger Bulimina schencki-PI ectof rondi cul ari a cf. P^. jenkinsi Zone. The late Narizian Bulimina schencki-Plectofrondicularia cf. P^. jenkinsi Zone is recognized in most study sections. Usually this zone encompasses the entire late Eocene interval and overlaps with all other late Eocene zones. The Buiimina schencki-Piectofrondicularia cf. j?. jenkinsi Zone is not identified in the Beaver Creek section or in the Cooper Mountain well above sample 1992. The early Refugian, Sigmomorphina schencki Zone is recognized in all sections except the Clatskanie well and the Beaver Creek 82 section. This zone overlaps or co-occurs with the sub- adjacent zone and the younger, Cassidulina galvinensis Zone. Assemblages diagnostic of the Cassidulina galvin ensis Zone are present in the Cooper Mountain well and Wolf Creek, Rock Creek, Willapa River, and Beaver Creek sec tions. This late Refugian zone overlaps with younger and older zones. The Zemorrian, Pseudoglandulina cf. IP. inflata Zone is recognized only in the Cooper Mountain well. Pseudoglandulina cf. _P. inflata and Cassidulina galvinensis Zones overlap in this section (fig. 20). In the Washington late Eocene zonal scheme, strati graphic ranges reflect only the local species range. This provinciality limits the regional application of the zones and is the major problem of the Washington zonal scheme. Once the local stratigraphic ranges have been reevaluated within a broader regional area, the paleoecologic control of the species can be evaluated. The Uvigerina cf. tJ. yazooensis Zone of Washington is identified by the occurrence of a single age-diagnostic species, Uvigerina yazooensis. This zone appears to be coeval and ecologically similar to the Buiimina corrugata Zone of California. Data are, however, limited and no further evaluation of the species ranges is made. The Bui imina schencki-PI ectof rondi cul aria cf. P_. jenkinsi Zone as currently recognized is a broad, poorly defined zone. Diagnostic species in this zone include many 83 Figure 20. Biostratigraphic zonation of the study sections according to the Washington zonal scheme. Correlation of the sections is not possible because of the overlap of the zones. 84 EUGENE CLATSKANIE CLARK S COOPER SECTION WELL WILSON WELL MOUNTAIN WELL ZEMORRIAN s.SCHENCKI S.SCHENCKI ZO N E BULIMINA SCHENCKI- PIECTOFRONDICULARIA C F. P . JENKINSI ZONE 00 Ln WOLF CK. CASTOR CK. ROCK CK. WILLAPA RIVER SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION SIGHOHORPHINA SCHENCKI ZO N E U.CF.U. fAZOOENSH ZONE T 'c a s s id u lin a GALVINENSIS ZO N E lULIMINA SCHENCKI- PLECTOFRONDlCULAAIA CF. P. JENKINSI ZO N E S.SCHENCKI ZONE ~ SAMPLE ✓ NOT DIAGNOSTIC -C-JIP ."2 JfflPLEL. BEAVER CK. SECTION CASSIDULINA GALVINENSIS ZONE forms which last appear in the California Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone as well as many species diagnostic of the California Refugian Stage. In the study area, this zone overlaps extensively with the Washington Sigmomorphina schencki and Cassidulina galvinensis Zones. Removing species with broad stratigraphic ranges from the definition restricts the Bulimina schencki-PIectofrondicularia cf. I?. 1enkinsi Zone to a usable unit older than the Cassidulina galvinensis and Sigmomorphina schencki Zones as intended by Rau (1958, 1966). Broadly ranging species, Bolivina kleinpelli, Bulimina sculptilis lacinata, Caucasina schencki, Eponides mexicanus, Boldia hodgei, Valvulineria jacksonensis welcomensis, and Alabamina kernensis, are not restricted to the Bulimina schencki-P1ectofrondicularia cf. ]?. jenkinsi Zone, whereas Cibicides natlandi is restricted. Cibicides haydoni, Valvulineria willapaensis, and Hoeg- lundina eocenica are restricted to the Refugian. The remaining species are either diagnostic of the California Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone or species not represented in the study sections. The modification of the Bulimina schencki-Plectofrondicularia cf. ]?. jenkinsi Zone in this way reduces the overlap. The Sigmomorphina schencki Zone as presently defined and recognized in Washington and Oregon is entirely coeval with the supposedly older Bulimina schencki-Plectofrondicu- laria cf. IP. jenkinsi Zone and the supposedly younger 86 Cassidulina galvinensis Zone. This zone is recognized by the restricted ranges of Sigmomorphina schencki, Uvigerina cocoaensis species group, Dentalina dusenburyi, and Vaginu- linopsis saundersi. Dentalina dusenburyi and Vaginulin- opsis saundersi occur in assemblages restricted to the Bulimina schencki-PI ectof rondi cul ari a cf. P^. jenkinsi Zone (as modified) in the study sections and other Narizian assemblages in Washington (Beck, 1943). These Narizian occurrences indicate the stratigraphic ranges are much broader than originally anticipated and not diagnostic of the Refugian Sigmomorphina schencki Zone. Cibicides haydoni and Cibicides natlandi are recognized as separate species. The former is diagnostic of the early Refugian while the latter is restricted to the Narizian. Hoeglund- ina eocenica and Valvulineria willapaensis are also re stricted to the Sigmomorphina schencki Zone. Assumed Narizian species such as Eponides mexicanus, Boldia hodgei, Alabamina kernensis, Bulimina sculptilis lacinata, and Bolivina kleinpelli are found to extend into the Refugian. The upper boundary of the Sigmomorphina schencki Zone is defined by the last appearance of numerous species including the Uvigerina cocoaensis species group. This species group has a broader stratigraphic range than recog nized in the Washington type sections, and does not identi fy the upper boundary of the Sigmomorphina schencki Zone. Similarly the last appearances of Ceratobulimina wash- 87 burnei, Nonion halkyardi, Dentalina dusenburyi, and Plecto- frondicularia packardi are not useful in defining this boundary as these species extend into younger strata in Washington and California. These modifications to the Sigmomorphina schencki Zone eliminate the overlap with the other zones. Except for Cassidulina galvinensis, species diagnostic of the base and top of the Cassidulina galvinensis Zone are longer ranging forms. Guttulina frankei, Guttulina hantkeni, Fursenkoina bramletti, and Eggerella subconica occur in assemblages diagnosed as Narizian and early Refugian in the study sections. Eggerella subconica is recognized in Narizian strata of California (Mallory, 1959; Donnelly, 1976). Cassidulina galvinensis in the north western Oregon and southwestern Washington sections is the only species whose appearance would indicate the late Refugian. Modifications of the Cassidulina galvinensis Zone remove the overlap with the other zones. Assemblages assignable to the Pseudoglandulina cf. P^. inflata Zone are recognized by the first occurrence of Buccella mansfieldi oregonensis in the Cooper Mountain well. The overlap with the Cassidulina galvinensis Zone is eliminated by the modifications to the older zone. 88 Correlation of the Late Eocene Stages and Zones Correlation of Washington and California zones within the study sections is summarized using either of two assumptions: (1) the California zones are chronostrati- graphic units (fig. 21A), or (2) the Washington zones are chronostratigraphic units (fig. 21B). These correlations consider only modifications in diagnostic criteria as a result of consistent application of zoological nomenclature and species concepts. Neither correlation is valid because of the overlap and interfingering of the zones and subzones within each zonal scheme. Local stratigraphic ranges and paleoenvironmentally controlled species are the principal reasons for these complex correlations and lack of chrono stratigraphic utility. Further modification of the zones and subzones by correcting these problems results in a regionally, biostratigraphically, and chronostratigraphic- ally useful correlation (fig. 3). The modified late Eocene zonal scheme consists of a Narizian and Refugian Stage. The early Narizian Stage was not considered. The late Narizian Stage is a single zone with two facies: neritic and bathyal. The late Narizian facies are equivalent to the modified Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone, and all or part of the Bulimina corrugata Zone of California; and all or part of the Uvigerina cf. _U. yazooensis Zone, and the modified Bulimina schencki- 89 Figure 21. Correlation of California and Washington late Eocene zones. The upper figure (part A) correlates the zonal schemes by assuming the California stages and zones are valid chronostratigraphic units. The lower figure (part B) correlates the zonal schemes by assuming the Washington stages and zones are valid chronostratigraphic units. 90 ^ \ P S E U D O N O D O S A R I A ZEMORRIAN cf. P. INFLATA 2 U J N ZONE / ///, UVIGERINA VICKSBURGENSIS- / / ZONE CASSIDULINA /&/ Z GALVINENSIS z REFUGIA 5 | > I s UVIGERINA ATWILLI SUBZONE / / ZONE /4v /f /4r/ REFUGIA ^ > o 5 U J N Z 2 CIBICIDES HAYDONI Z < 5 2 SUBZONE /S Y BULIMINA / J F / /c$/ SCHENCKI- N c r < / ' ^/PLEC TO FRO ND IC ULAR IA z AMPHIMORPHINA JENKINSI ZONE / cf. P. JENKINSI ZONE M 777, E ' / / / < z BULIMINA CORRUGATA ZONE — ""UVIGERINA cf. 7 U. Y A ZO O E N S IS ZONE PSEUDONODOSARIA ZEM O R RIAN UJ cf. P. INFLATA ZONE C ASSID ULIN A G A L V IN E N S IS Z O N E U J .SIGMOMORPHINA SCHENCK1 ZONE u_ rst BUL1M1NA SCHENCKI PLECTO FRO NDICULARIA Cf. P. JENKINSI ZONE UVIGERINA cf. U. Y A Z O O E N S IS ZONE Plectofrondicularia cf. P. jenkinsi Zone of Washington. The Refugian Stage is separated into two zones. Each zone has a neritic and bathyal facies. The early Refugian zone is equivalent to the modified Cibicides haydoni and Uvi- gerina atwilli Subzones as well as part of the Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone of California and the modified Sigmo- morphina schencki Zone of Washington. The late Refugian zone correlates with the modified Cassidulina galvinensis Zone of Washington and the upper part of the Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone of California. These zones and facies are recognized throughout the study area; the stages and zones do not overlap (fig. 22). The late Refugian neritic facies is not recognized in the study area because of lack of samples but is present in the type sections of Cali fornia. The placement of the Narizian/Refugian and the Refugian/Zemorrian boundary in the California (Donnelly, 1976) and in the Washington (Rau, 1966) sections is not altered by any of the modifications proposed in this study. The significant changes are in the recognition and corre lation of the early and late Refugian zones. Criteria for recognition of these zones and facies is summarized below and in figure 23. Narizian Stage The upper boundary of the late Narizian neritic facies is recognized by the last appearances of Cibicides mc- 92 Figure 22. Correlation of modified late Eocene, Refugian and Narizian zones and subzones in the study sections of Oregon and Washington. 93 EUGENE SECTION CLARK S WILSON WELL ZEMORRIAN EARLY REFUGIAN (neritic faciesT UJ o LATE NARIZIAN (neritic facies) >- < -J o a: 3 < U. U J UJ 1/2 SCALE KD COOPER WOLF CK. CASTOR CK. ROCK CK. WILLAPA RIVER BEAVER CK. MOUNTAIN SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION WELL LATE REFUGIAN (neritic and bathyal facies) EARLY REFUGIAN (bathyal facies) EARLY REFUGIAN (neritic facies) LATE NARIZIAN (neritic facies) LATE NARIZIAN (bathyal facies) E O FEET 1 0 0 200 - SAflPLE ✓ NOT DIAGNOSTIC < ON NO SAMPLES Figure 23. Species diagnostic of the late Eocene zones and stages along the west coast. The zone and stage definitions are modified from the existing zonal schemes (California: Mallory, 1959? Donnelly, 1976; and Washington: Rau, 1958, 1966), by removing the ranges of paleoecologically controlled species and by identifying the regional ranges of diagnostic species. 95 STAGES REFUGIAN NARIZIAN _ _ 1 c_> t— t > - 1 — in t— H l— rv L U CO z : <c CO Cibicides natlandl Cibicides mcmastersl Qu1nquelocul1na goodspeedi Lentlcullna welchl Vaglnulinopsls saundersi Boldla hodgei Bulimina sculpt1T1s lacinata Caucasina schencki Ceratobul1mina washburnei Quinqueloculina 1mper1al1s PI ectofrondicu1ar1a packardl Anomallna cal1forniensis Cibicides haydonl Gaudryina alazaensis Hoeglundlna eocenica Karreriella wash1ngtonensis Mel on 1s sp. Sigmomorphina schencki Valvullneria willapaensis Cibicides elmaensls Uvigerina cocoaensis species group Bolivina raarginata Buccella mansfieldl oregonensls Nonlonella costifera Amphimorphina jenkinsi Bolivina huneri Bolivina jacksonensis Bulimina corrugata Bulimlna microcostata Eggerella elongata Planularla markleyana Planularia tolmanl Plectofrondicularia minuta Uvigerina yazooensls Valvullneria tumeyensls Bolivina gardnerae Bolivina p1sc1form1s Bolivina scabrata Cibicides fortunatus Eggerella subconica Fursenkoina bramlettl Sp1rolocul1na texana Textularia adalta Valvullneria jacksonensis welcomensls Uvigerina garzaensis Cassidulina galvinensls Uvlgerlnella callfornlca 96 mastersi, Cibicides natlandi, Lenticulina wwelchi, and Quinqueloculina goodspeedi. Numerous species which are most common in the Refugian Stage first appear within the neritic facies of the late Narizian. Included among these species are Boldia hodgei, Bulimina sculptilis lacinata, Caucasina schencki, Ceratobu1imina washburnei, Quinque loculina imperialis, and Plectofrondicularia packardi. Many of these first occurrences were used in the original zonal definitions of Washington and California to mark the base of the Refugian Stage. The upper boundary of the bathyal facies of the late Narizian is marked by numerous last occurrences, and first appearances of Cibicides fortunatus, Eggerella subconica, Fursenkoina bramletti, Spiroloculina texana, Textularia adalta, and Valvulineria jacksonensis welcomensis are within this late Narizian bathyal facies. Diagnostic species which occur in both the neritic and bathyal facies include Boldia hodgei, Bulimina sculptilis lacinata, Cibicides mcmastersi, Lenticulina we1chi, and Plectofron dicularia packardi, along with many nondiagnostic species which change in abundance from one facies to another, such as Uvigerina garzaensis or Bulimina microcostata. The modifications described above do not alter the placement of the Narizian/Refugian boundary in any type California or type Washington sections. These modifications do permit the recognition of the boundary by chronostratigraphic criteria and not by paleoenvironmental changes. Q7 Refugian Stage The neritic facies of the early Refugian is character ized by the dominance of Cibicides haydoni whereas the bathyal facies is dominanted by the Uvigerina cocoaensis species group. The Refugian/Narizian boundary is marked by the extinction of Narizian species as discussed previously and the first appearances of Anomalina californiensis, Cibicides elmaensis, Cibicides haydoni, Gaudryina alaza- ensis, Hoeglundina eocenica, Karreriella washingtonensis, Melonis sp., Sigmomorphina schencki, the Uvigerina cocoa ensis sepcies group, Valvulineria willapaensis, and species which range upward from the Narizian. Sigmomorphina schencki, Cibicides haydoni, Valvulineria willapaensis, Boldia hodgei, Bulimina sculptilis lacinata, Eggerella subconica, Textularia adalta, Uvigerina garzaensis, and Valvulineria jacksonensis welcomensis all disappear at various intervals within the Stage. The absence of many early Refugian species defines the late Refugian zone. The late Refugian neritic facies is recognized in California by the first appearance of Valvu lineria menloensis. The bathyal facies is recognized in California and in the study sections of Oregon and Wash ington by the first appearance of Cassidulina galvinensis (often misidentified as Cassidulina crassipunctata). More 98 satisfactory criteria are not available and further study may show that subdivision of the Refugian Stage into zones is impracticable. The upper boundary of the Refugian Stage is marked by the first appearance of the Zemorrian species. Cibicides elmaensis, Ceratobulimina washburnei, Valvulineria willapa- ensis, and members of the Uvigerina cocoaensis species group continue to occur above the first appearance of Zemorrian species and the upper limit of these species ranges is not within the Refugian Stage. Conclusions The modified benthic foraminiferal zonal scheme has regional utility and appears to have chronostratigraphic value. Modifications were necessary because of the in ability to correlate assumed coeval Washington and Cali fornia zonal schemes and the different stratigraphic ranges observed for the diagnostic species. Consistent applica tion of species concepts and zoological nomenclature led to the modification of the diagnostic species and zonal defi nitions. Paleoecologic analysis of each of the late Eocene California and Washington stages, zones, subzones, and type sections indicates that much of the zonal criteria is ecologically controlled and that the zonal definitions most often represent a single bathymetric zone. 99 Interpretation of these California zones and stages as bathymetric facies and completely or partially coeval units resolves problems of interfingering, reversed or over lapping zones, bimodal species occurernces, unique Cali fornia ranges, and spurious unconformities. The early Narizian Bulimina corrugata Zone is recognized as a middle bathyal, low oxygen facies. The late Narizian Amphimor- phina jenkinsi Zone is a middle bathyal facies although some neritic species have been included in the diagnostic species. These Narizian zones are considered paleoecologic facies and partially coeval. The early Refugian Cibicides haydoni Subzone is defined by outer neritic species whereas the Uvigerina atwilli Subzone is defined by upper bathyal species. The two zones are thus interpreted as coeval and paleoecologic facies. The late Refugian Uvigerina vicks burgensis Zone is defined both by an upper bathyal regres sive facies and upper bathyal transgressive facies. These paleoecologic facies are interpreted as partially coeval with the early Refugian subzones. The Refugian/Zemorrian boundary is not well documented because of the lack of data and poorly preserved samples. Examination of the late Eocene Washington zonal scheme indicates that the type section and the zones represent only middle bathyal assemblages. Neritic and upper bathyal species are included as age-diagnostic species but the stratigraphic ranges are based entirely on the occurrence 100 of these species in transported assemblages. The restric ted geographical data base used for determination of the stratigraphic ranges of the diagnostic species limits the regional application of this zonal scheme. Recognition of these zones as middle bathyal facies and the regional stratigraphic ranges of the diagnostic species resolves problems of overlapping zones. Until the problems with the zonal schemes were re solved, correlation of the two zonal schemes was not re solved. Modification and synthesis of the two zonal schemes by consistent usage of zoological nomenclature, removal of the paleoecologically controlled species and the recognition of regional stratigraphic ranges of species results in a late Narizian Stage with definitive neritic and bathyal assemblages and an early and late Refugian Stage with definitive neritic and bathyal assemblages. These subdivisions correlate with the modified versions of the California and Washington zonal schemes. These modi fications do not alter the placement of the zones or stage boundaries in the type sections of either zonal scheme. The modified benthic foraminiferal stages and zones of this report are now regionally useful for the west coast and appear to represent chronostratigraphic units. 101 SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS The late Eocene zonal criteria of the west coast is to a large extent controlled by paleoecology and therefore the correlation of the coeval but environmentally different faunas (Washington zones versus California zones and stages) could not be achieved until paleoecologic control of the biostratigraphy is understood. The faunal trends, morphology, characteristic occurrences, and upper depth limits of the benthic foraminifers and associated micro fossils in the study sections led to the recognition of paleoecologic facies. The interpretation of these late Eocene facies as bathymetric and low oxygen facies is based on analogous late Eocene and Holocene assemblages. The paleoecologic facies criteria are in many instances identi cal to the stage and zonal criteria. 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O., 1973, Cenozoic stratig raphy of northwestern Oregon and adjacent southwestern Washington, in Geologic field trips in northern Oregon and southern Washington: Oregon Dept. Geology and Mineral Industries Bull. 77, p. 75-132. Pflum, C. E., and Frerichs, W. E., 1976, Gulf of Mexico deep water Foraminifers: Cushman Found. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 14, 125 p. Poore, R. Z., in press, Age and correlation of California Paleogene Benthic Stages: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Rau, W. W. , 1951, Tertiary foraminifera from the Willapa River Valley of southwestern Washington: Jour. Paleontology, v. 25, no. 4, p. 417-453, pis. 63-67. 1958, Stratigraphy and foraminiferal zonation in some of the Tertiary rocks of southwestern Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Chart OC 57, 2 sheets. _____ 1966, Stratigraphy and foraminifera of the Satsop River area, southern Olympic Peninsula, Washington: Washington Div. Mines and Geology Bull., v. 53, 66 p. Saidova, K. M., 1959, [Distribution of foraminifers in the sediments and paleogeography of the northeastern Pacific]: Acad. Sci. USSR Repts., v. 129, no. 6. [In Russian] Schenck, H. G., 1928, Stratigraphic relation of south western Oregon formations: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 18, no. 1, p. 1-50. Schenck, H. G., and Kleinpell, R. M., 1936, Refugian Stage of Pacific Coast Tertiary: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 20, no. 2, p. 215-255. Schmidt, R. R., 1970, Planktonic foraminifera from the lower Tertiary of California: California Univ., Los Angeles, Calif., unpub. Ph. D. dissert., 399 p. _____ 1975, Upper Paleogene-middle Eocene planktonic bio stratigraphy from the Great Valley of California and adjacent areas, and correlation to the West Coast 110 microfaunal stages, in Weaver, D. W., Hornaday, G. R. , and Tipton, Ann, eds., Future Energy Horizons of the Pacific Coast: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists-Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists-Soc. Econ. Geologists, Pacific Secs., Ann. Mtg., Long Beach, Calif., p. 439-455. Simpson, R. W., and Cox, Allan, 1977, Paleomagnetic evi dence for tectonic rotation of the Oregon Coast Range: Geology, v. 5, p. 585-589. Sliter, W. V. , and Baker, R. A., 1972, Cretaceous bathy metric distribution of benthic foraminifers: Jour. Foram. Research, v. 2, no. 4, p. 167-183. Smith, H. P., 1956, Foraminifera from the Wagonwheel Forma tion, Devils Den District, California: California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 32, p. 65-126, 8 pis. Smith, P. B., 1963, Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the Family Bolivinidae: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 429-A, p. A1-A39. _____ 1964, Ecology of benthonic species: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 429-B, p. B1-B55. Snavely, P. D., Jr., Brown, R. D., Jr., Roberts, A. E., and Rau, W. W., 1958, Geology and coal resources of the Centralia-Chehalis district, Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1053, 159 p. Snavely, P. D., Jr., MacLeod, N. S., Rau, W. W., Addicott, W. O., and Pearl, J. E., 1975, Alsea Formation— an Oligocene marine sedimentary sequence in the Oregon Coast Range: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1305-F, 21 p. Snavely, P. D., Jr., Roberts, A. E., Hoover, Linn, Jr., and Pease, M. H., Jr., 1951, Geology of the eastern part of the Centralia-Chehalis coal district, Lewis and Thurston Counties, Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey Coal Inv. Map C-8, 2 sheets. Snavely, P. D., Jr., and Wagner, Holly, 1963, Tertiary geologic history of western Oregon and Washington: Washington Div. Mines and Geology Rept. Inv. 22, 25 p. Sullivan, F. R., 1962, Foraminifera from the type section of the San Lorenzo Formation, Santa Cruz, California: California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 233-252, 23 pis. Thoms, R. E., 1969, Paleontological examination of four deep wells in northwestern Oregon, _in Newton, V. C., Jr., Subsurface geology of the Lower Columbia and Willamette Basins, Oregon: Oregon Dept. Geology and Mineral Industries, Oil and Gas Inv. No. 2, p. 39-46. Tipton, A., Kleinpell, R. M., and Weaver, D. W., 1973, Oligocene biostratigraphy, San Joaquin Valley, Cali fornia: California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 105, 81 p., 14 pis. Uchio, Takayasa, 1960, Ecology of living benthic forami nifera from the San Diego, California, area: Cushman Found. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. no. 5, 71 p. 112 Van Atta, R. O. , 1971, Sedimentary petrology of some Ter tiary formations, Upper Nehalem River basin, Oregon: Oregon State Univ., unpub. Ph. D. dissert., 229 p. Warren, W. C., Grivetti, R. M., and Norbisrath, Hans, 1945, Geology of northwestern Oregon west of the Willamette River and north of latitude 45°15*: U.S. Geol. Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Prelim. Map 42. Warren, W. C., and Norbisrath, Hans, 1946, Stratigraphy of the upper Nehalem River basin, northwestern Oregon: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 30, p. 213- 237. Weaver, C. E., 1912, A preliminary report on the Tertiary paleontology of western Washington: Washington Geol. Survey Bull. 15, p. 1-80. Weaver, C. E., Chm., and others, 1944, Correlation of the marine Cenozoic formations of western North America: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 55, p. 569-598. 113 APPENDIX I FAUNAL REFERENCE LIST AND PLATES FAUNAL REFERENCE LIST Illustrated specimens and assemblage slides are on file at the U.S. National Museum. Slides borrowed from oil companies have been returned to the respective com panies . Benthic Foraminifera Alabamina kernensis Smith Allomorphina triqona Reuss Ammodiscus incertus (d'Orbigny) = Operculina incerta d1Orbigny Amphimorphina becki Mallory Amphimorphina jenkinsi (Church) = Plectofrondicularia jenkinsi Church Anomalina californiensis Cushman and Hobson PAnomalina sp. Astigerina crassaformis Cushman and Siegfus Bathysiphon eocenica Cushman and Hanna Bathysiphon sp. A Bathysiphon sp. B Bathysiphon spp. Biloculinella cowlitzensis Beck Boldia hodgei (Cushman and Schenck) = Cibicides hodgei Cushman and Schenck Boldia cf. jB. hodgei (Cushman and Schenck) Bolivina gardnerae Cushman Bolivina huneri Howe Bolivina jacksonensis Cushman and Applin Bolivina jacksonensis striatella Cushman and Applin Bolivina kleinpelli Beck Bolivina marginata Cushman 115 Bolivina pisciformis Galloway and Morrey Bolivina scabrata Cushman and Bermudez Bolivina spp. Buccella mansfieldi oregonensis (Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart) = Eponides mansfieldi oregonensis Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart Budashevaella multicameratus (Voloshinova) = Circus multicameratus Voloshinova Budashevaella cf. B. multicameratus (Voloshinova) Budashevaella sp. Budashevaella spp. Bulimina alsatica Cushman and Parker Buiimina corrugata Cushman and Siegfus Bulimina cf. B. instabilis Cushman and Parker Buiimina macilenta Cushman and Parker Bulimina microcostata Cushman and Parker Bulimina spp. Buiimina sculptilis lacinata Cushman and Parker Buliminella bassendorfensis Cushman and Parker Cassidulina galvinensis Cushman and Frizzell PCassidulina pulchella d'Orbigny Cassidulinoides sp• Caucasina eocaenica kamchatica Serova Caucasina schencki (Beck) = Buiimina schencki Beck Ceratobulimina washburnei Cushman and Schenck Chilostomella cylindroides Reuss Chilostomella oolina Schwager Cibicides elmaensis Rau Cibicides fortunatus Martin Cibicides haydoni (Cushman and Schenck) = Planulina haydoni Cushman and Schenck Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob) = Nautilus lobatulus Walker and Jacob _in Kanmacher Cibicides mcmastersi Beck Cibicides natlandi Beck 116 Cibicides natlandi olequaensis Beck Cibicides pseudoungerianus evolutus Cushman and Hobson Cibicides sp. Cibicides spp. Cyclammina incisa (Stache) = Haplophragmium incisum Stache Cyclammina pacifica Beck Cyclammina sp. A Cyclammina spp. Cyclogyra byramensis (Cushman) = Cornuspira byramensis Cushman Dentalina cocoaensis (Cushman) = Nodosaria (Dentalina) cocoaensis Cushman Dentalina communis (d'Orbigny) = Nodosaria communis d'Orbigny Dentalina consobrina d'Orbigny Dentalina dusenburyi Beck Dentalina cf. D. dusenburyi Beck Dentalina jacksonensis Cushman and Applin Dentalina cf. _D. obliquisuturata Stache Dentalina soluta Reuss Dentalina spinosa d'Orbigny Dentalina cf. D. spinosa d'Orbigny Dentalina spp. Discorbis sp. Dorothia principiensis Plummer Dorothia sp. A Dorothia sp. B PDorothia sp• Dyocibicides perforata Cushman and Valentine ?Eggerella elongata Blaisdell Eggerella sp. PEggerella sp. Eggerella subconica Parr ?Eggerella subconica Parr Elphidium californicum Cook in Mallory 117 Elphidium minutum (Reuss) = Polystomella minuta Reuss Elphidium sp. Elphidium cf. _E. texanum (Cushman and Applin) Epistominella parva (Cushman and Laiming) = Pulvinulinella parva Cushman and Laiming Eponides mexicanus (Cushman) = Pulvinulina mexicana Cushman Eponides cf. E. mexicanus (Cushman) ?Eponides sp. Fissurina sp. Frondicularia sp. Fursenkoina bramletti (Galloway and Morrey) = Virgulina bramletti Galloway and Morrey Fursenkoina hobsoni (Beck) = Virgulina hobsoni Beck Gaudryina alazaensis Cushman Glandulina laevigata (d'Orbigny) = Nodosaria (Glandulina) laevigata d'Orbigny Globobulimina pacifica Cushman Globobulimina spp. Globocassidulina globosa (Hantken) = Cassidulina globosa Hantken Globulina gibba d'Orbigny Globulina sp. Guttulina frankei Cushman and Ozawa Guttulina hantkeni Cushman and Ozawa Guttulina cf. G. hantkeni Cushman and Ozawa Guttulina irregularis (d'Orbigny) = Globulina irregularis d'Orbigny Guttulina cf. G. orientalis Cushman and Ozawa Guttulina problema d'Orbigny Guttulina spp. Gyroidina condoni (Cushman and Schenck) = Eponides condoni Cushman and Schenck Gyroidina orbicularis planata Cushman Gyroidina soldanii d'Orbigny 118 Gyroidina soldanii octocamerata Cushman and Hanna Gyroidina spp. Haplophragmoides deflata Sullivan Haplophragmoides spp. Hoeglundina eocenica (Cushman and Hanna) = Epistomina eocenica Cushman and Hanna Karreriella chapapotensis monumentensis Mallory Karreriella sp. Karreriella washingtonensis Rau Lagena becki Sullivan Lagena costata (Williamson) = Entosolenia costata William son Lagena cf. L. costata (Williamson) Lagena hexagona (Williamson) = Entosolenia squamosa (Montagu) var. Y hexagona Williamson Lagena semistriata Williamson Lagena sp. Lagena vulgaris Williamson Lenticulina budensis (Hantken) = Robulina budensis Hantken Lenticulina chehalisensis (Rau) = Robulus chehalisensis Rau Lenticulina crassa (d'Orbigny) = Cristellaria crassa d'Orbigny Lenticulina inornata (d'Orbigny) = Robulina inornata d'Orbigny Lenticulina cf. L. inornata (d'Orbigny) Lenticulina limbosa (Reuss) = Cristellaria (Robulina) limbosa Reuss Lenticulina limbosa hockleyensis (Cushman and Applin) = Cristellaria limbosa (Reuss) hockleyensis Cushman and Applin Lenticulina lincolnensis (Rau) = Robulus lincolnensis Rau Lenticulina cf. L. 1incolnensis (Rau) Lenticulina nikobarensis (Schwager) = Cristellaria nikobarensis Schwager 119 Lenticulina cf. L. pseudorotulata (Asano) Lenticulina sp. A Lenticulina spp. Lenticulina cf. IL. terryi (Coryell and Embich) Lenticulina texana (Cushman and Applin) = Cristellaria articulata Reuss var. texana Cushman and Applin Lenticulina weaveri (Beck) = Robulus weaveri Beck Lenticulina welchi (Church) = Robulus welchi Church Lenticulina aff. L^. welchi (Church) Lenticulina cf. L. welchi (Church) Marginulina adunca (Costa) = Glandulina adunca Costa Marginulina alazaensis Nuttall Marginulina exima Neugeboren Marginulina glabra d'Orbigny Marginulina inconspicua Hussey Marginulina sp. of Fairchild, Wesendunk, and Weaver Marginulina spp. Marginulina subbullata Hantken of Mallory Marginulina subrecta Franke Martinottiella communis (d'Orbigny) = Clavulina communis d*Orbigny Melonis sp. Nodosaria deliciae Martin Nodosaria latejugata Gtimbel Nodosaria longiscata d’Orbigny Nodosaria pyrula d'Orbigny Nodosaria cf. N. pyrula d'Orbigny Nodosaria sp. Nodosaria spp. Nonion halkyardi Cushman Nonion planatum Cushman and Thomas ?Nonion sp. Nonionella cf. N. costifera (Cushman) Nonionella jacksonensis Cushman 120 Nonionella labradorica (Dawson) = Nonionina labradorica Dawson Nonionella sp. Nonionellina applini (Howe and Wallace) = Nonion applini Howe and Wallace Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss) = Rotalina umbonata Reuss Oridorsalis cf. O. umbonatus (Reuss) Orthomorphina rohri (Cushman and Stainforth) = Nodogenerina rohri Cushman and Stainforth Parafissurina sp. Pelosina spp. Planularia crepidula (Fichtel and Moll) = Nautilus crepidula Fichtel and Moll Planularia markleyana Church Planularia tolmani Cushman and Simonson Plectofrondicularia gracilis Smith Plectofrondicularia minuta Sullivan Plectofrondicularia oregonensis Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart Plectofrondicularia cf. P. oregonensis Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart Plectofrondicularia packardi Cushman and Schenck Plectofrondicularia packardi multilineata Cushman and Simonson Plectofrondicularia searsi Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart Plectofrondicularia spp. Plectofrondicularia vaughani Cushman Plectofrondicularia cf. P. vaughani Cushman Plectofrondicularia vokesi Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart Polymorphina sp. Praeglobobulimina ovata (d'Orbigny) = Bulimina ovata d'Orbigny Praeglobobulimina cf. P. ovata (d'Orbigny) Praeglobobulimina ovata cowlitzensis (Beck) = Bulimina ovata cowlitzensis Beck 121 Praeglobobul imina pupoides (d'Orbigny) = Bui imina pupoides d * Orbigny Praeglobobulimina cf. ]?. pupoides (d'Orbigny) Praeglobobulimina spp. Pseudonodosaria conica (Neugeboren) = Glandulina conica Neugeboren Pseudonodosaria cf. P. conica (Neugeboren) Pseudonodosaria cylindracea (Reuss) = Nodosaria (Glandu lina ) cylindracea Reuss Pseudonodosaria inflata (Costa) = Glandulina inflata Costa ?Pseudonodosaria inflata (Costa) Pseudonodosaria sp. Pullenia bulloides (d'Orbigny) = Nonionina bulloides d'Orbigny Pullenia salisburyi Stewart and Stewart Pyrgo lupheri Rau Pyrulina cylindroides (Roemer) = Polymorphina (Polymor- phinen) cylindroides Roemer Pyrulina fusifortnis (Roemer) = Polymorphina (Globulinen) fusiformis Roemer Pyrulina sp. Quinqueloculina goodspeedi Hanna and Hanna Quinqueloculina cf. Q. goodspeedi Hanna and Hanna Quinqueloculina imperialis Hanna and Hanna Quinqueloculina imperialis porterensis Rau Quinqueloculina spp. Quinqueloculina weaveri Rau Reophax pilulifera Brady Reophax sp. Robertina washingtonensis Beck Saracenaria hantkeni Cushman Saracenaria schencki Cushman and Hobson Saracenaria sp. Sigmoilina tenuis (Czjzek) = Quinqueloculina tenuis Czjzek 122 Sigmomorphina pseudoschencki Rau Sigmomorphina schencki Cushman and Ozawa Spiroloculina texana Cushman and Ellisor Spiroplectammina directa (Cushman and Siegfus) = Spiro- plectoides directa Cushman and Siegfus Spiroplectammina richardi Martin ?Spiroplectammina sp. Spiroplectammina tejonensis Mallory Stainforthia sp• Stilostomella adolphina (d'Orbigny) = Dentalina adolphina d'Orbigny Stilostomella advena (Cushman and Laiming) = Nodogenerina advena Cushman and Laiming Stilostomella lepidula (Schwager) = Nodosaria lepidula Schwager Stilostomella sp. A Stilostomella sp. B Stilostomella spp. Textularia adalta Cushman Trifarina hannai = Angulogerina hannai Beck Trochammina globigeriniformis (Parker and Jones) = Lituola globigerinformis Parker and Jones Trochammina inflata (Montagu) = Nautilus inflatus Montagu Trochammina spp. Uvigerina cocoaensis species group which includes U. atwilli Cushman and Simonson, U. cocoaensis Cushman, U. jacksonensis Cushman, and U. vicksburgensis Cushman and Ellisor Uvigerina garzaensis Cushman and Siegfus PUvigerina garzaensis Cushman and Siegfus Uvigerina spp. PUvigerina sp. Uvigerina yazooensis Cushman Uvigerinella californica (Cushman) = Uvigerina (Uviger- inella) californica Cushman 123 Vaginulina mexicana Nuttall = Vaginulina elegans var. mexicana Nuttall Vaginulinopsis saundersi (Hanna and Hanna) = Cristellaria saundersi Hanna and Hanna Vaginulinopsis sublituus (Nuttall) = Cristellaria sublituus Nuttal1 Valvulineria involuta Cushman and Dusenbury Valvulineria jacksonensis welcomensis Mallory Valvulineria cf. V. rnenloensis Rau Valvulineria sp. Valvulineria tumeyensis Cushman and Simonson Valvulineria cf. V. tumeyensis Cushman and Simonson Valvulineria willapaensis Rau Planktic Foraminifera Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman and Bermudez Catapsydrax gortanii Borsetti Catapsydrax primitivus (Blow and Banner) = Globigerina unicava primitiva Blow and Banner Catapsydrax cf. C. primitivus (Blow and Banner) Catapsydrax unicavus Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan Catapsydrax cf. C. unicavus Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan Chiloguembelina cubensis (Palmer) = Guembelina cubensis Palmer Globigerina ampliapertura Bolli Globigerina cf. G. ampliapertura Bolli Globigerina angiporoides angiporoides Hornibrook Globigerina cf. G. angiporoides angiporoides Hornibrook Globigerina angiporoides minima Jenkins Globigerina angustiumbilicata Bolli Globigerina euapertura Jenkins Globigerina galavisi Bermudez Globigerina officinalis Subbotina Globigerina ouachitaensis Howe and Wallace 124 Globigerina praebulloides Blow Globigerina cf. G. praebulloides Blow Globigerina praeturritilina Blow and Banner Globigerina pseudovenezuelana Blow and Banner Globigerina cf. G. pseudovenezuelana Blow and Banner Globigerina senilis Bandy Globigerina cf. G. senilis Bandy Globigerina sp. Globigerina spp. Globigerina tapuriensis Blow and Banner Globigerina tripartita (Koch) = Globigerina bulloides tripartita Koch Globigerina cf. G. tripartita (Koch) Globigerina utilisindex Jenkins and Orr Globigerinatheka index (Finlay) = Globigerinoides index Finlay Globigerinatheka index tropicalis (Blow and Banner) = Globigerapsis tropicalis Blow and Banner ?Globigerinatheka sp. Globorotalia insolita Jenkins Globorotaloides sp. ?Globorotaloides sp. Globorotaloides suteri Bolli Globorotaloides cf. G. suteri Bolli Pseudohastigerina lillisi (Church) = Pullenia lillisi Church Pseudohastigerina micra (Cole) = Nonion micrus Cole Subbotina linaperta (Finlay) = Globigerina 1inaperta Finlay Subbotina cf. S_. 1 inaperta (Finlay) 125 Plate 1 Figured specimens Cyclogyra byramensis (Cushman). Wolf Creek section, B0080. Bar equals 300 urn. USNM 262233. Quinqueloculina imperialis Hanna and Hanna. Rock Creek section, KAM 255. Bar equals 300 um. USNM 262239. Lenticulina inornata (d’Orbigny). Rock Creek section, KAM 240. Bar equals 300 um. USNM 262254. Dyocibicides perforata Cushman and Valentine. Wolf Creek section, B0070. Bar equals 100 um. USNM 262375. Vaginulinopsis saundersi (Hanna and Hanna). Castor Creek section, VA143A. Bar equals 300 um. USNM 262276. Robertina washingtonensis Beck. Rock Creek section, KAM 1034. Bar equals 100 um. USNM 262397. Cibicides natlandi Beck. Timber-Vernonia Road, just north of the Wolf Creek section, KAM 261. Bar equals 100 um. USNM 262372. Caucasina schencki (Beck). Texaco Clatskanie well, sample 637. Bar equals 30 um. USNM 262377. Eponides mexicanus (Cushman). Wolf Creek section, UOC 14-5. Bar equals 100 um. USNM 262366. 126 127 Plate 2 Figured specimens Gaudryina alazaensis Cushman. Rock Creek section, KAM 242. Bar equals 100 um. USNM 262224. Lagena becki Sullivan. Rock Creek section, KAM 25 0. Bar equals 300 um. USNM 262249. Plectofrondicularia gracilis Smith. Rock Creek sec tion, KAM 250. Bar equals 300 um. USNM 262278. Guttulina irregularis (d'Orbigny). Rock Creek section, KAM 238. Bar equals 100 um. USNM 262295. Pullenia salisburyi Stewart and Stewart. Wolf Creek section, B0083. Bar equals 100 um. USNM 262386. Cibicides elmaensis Rau. Wolf Creek section, UOC 14- 5. Bar equals 100 um. USNM 262370. Boldia hodgei (Cushman and Schenck). Timber-Vernonia Road, near the Wolf Creek section, KAM 226B. Bar equals 100 um. USNM 262394. Uvigerina cocoaensis species group, Uvigerina cocoa ensis Cushman. Rock Creek section, KAM 255; typical specimen of this species with continuous costae over one-half the test. Bar equals 10 0 um. USNM 262333. Cibicides haydoni (Cushman and Schenck). Rock Creek section, KAM 1024. Bar equals 300 um. USNM 262371. 128 129 Plate 3 Figured specimens 1. Textularia adalta Cushman. Rock Creek section, KAM 1012. Bar equals 100 um. USNM 262216. 2. Dorothia sp. A. Rock Creek section, KAM 250. Bar equals 300 um. USNM 262226. 3. Eggerella subconica Parr. Rock Creek section, KAM 1013. Bar equals 100 um. USNM 262228. 4. Lenticulina welchi (Church). Rock Creek section, KAM 1014. Bar equals 100 um. USNM 262256. 5. Plectofrondicularia packardi Cushman and Schenck. Rock Creek section, KAM 250. Bar equals 300 um. USNM 2 62282. 6. Plectofrondicularia packardi multilineata Cushman and Simonson. Rock Creek section, KAM 1027. Bar equals 10 0 um. USNM 2 62 283. 7. Bulimina microcostata Cushman and Parker. Rock Creek section, KAM 1010. Bar equals 100 um. USNM 262322. 8. Uvigerina cocoaensis species group, Uvigerina jackson ensis Cushman. Rock Creek section, KAM 249; less than 50 percent of the costae are continuous over two or more chambers and the costae cover the entire test. Bar equals 100 um. USNM 262335. 9. Anomalina californiensis Cushman and Hobson. Wolf Creek section, B0083. Bar equals 100 um. USNM 262393. 130 131 1. 2 . 3. 4 . 5 . 6 • 7. 8 . 9 . 10. 11. Plate 4 Figured specimens Martinotiella communis (d'Orbigny). Beaver Creek section, KAM 271. Bar equals 100 um. USNM 262232. Cyclammina pacifica Beck. Beaver Creek section, KAM 271. Bar equals 100 um. Planularia markleyana Church. Rock Creek section, KAM 1011. Bar equals 10 0 um. USNM 2 62266. Orthomorphina rohri (Cushman and Stainforth). Rock Creek section, KAM 1014. Bar equals 100 um. USNM 262263. Bolivina jacksonensis striatella Cushman and Applin. Rock Creek section, KAM 250. Bar equals 100 um. USNM 262309. Bulimina corrugata Cushman and Siegfus. Rock Creek section, KAM 1014. Bar equals 100 um. USNM 262317. Uvigerina garzaensis Cushman and Siegfus. Rock Creek section, KAM 1014. Bar equals 100 um. USNM 262328. Uvigerina yazooensis Cushman. Rock Creek section, KAM 1011. Bar equals 3 00 um. USNM 262 32 9. Valvulineria tumeyensis Cushman and Simonson. Castor Creek section, VA143D. Bar equals 100 um. USNM 262354. Valvulineria jacksonensis welcomensis Mallory. Rock Creek section, KAM 1008. Bar equals 100 um. USNM 262353. Cibicides fortunatus Martin. Willapa River section, 110-2. Bar equals 10 0 um. USNM 2 62373. 132 133 APPENDIX II BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL AND ASSOCIATED MICROFOSSIL DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE LATE EOCENE SECTIONS OF OREGON AND WASHINGTON 134 Number Of' species % Aren, species TABLE 1. % Por. % Hya. species species ASSEMBLAGE N B DATA % Superfamilies 0 C D ✓ Rt Rb Relative Abundances Pla. Dia. Rad. Ost. EUGENE SECTION KAM 202 3 0 0 100 33 0 0 33 0 33 0 KAM 203 10 0 0 100 36 27 9 9 0 18 0 Average 8 0 0 100 35 14 5 21 0 26 0 Maximum 10 CLATSKANIE WELL 1 3387* 1 0 0 100 10 0 100 0 0 0 0 3385* 2 0 0 100 0 0 50 0 0 50 0 F 2261* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2657-59* 1 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F 1708-20* 3 0 0 100 67 0 33 0 0 0 0 1696* 3 0 0 100 67 0 0 33 0 0 0 F 1693 5 0 20 80 75 25 0 0 0 0 0 R 1690 10 0 0 100 30 20 30 20 0 0 0 F 1687 10 0 0 100 40 10 30 10 10 0 0 F 1684 10 0 10 90 44 11 22 11 11 0 0 F R 1583 15 27 13 60 56 0 33 11 0 0 0 F 1580 16 19 6 75 58 8 25 8 0 0 0 F R 1574 13 31 7 62 50 0 38 13 0 0 0 1571 12 17 0 83 40 20 30 0 0 10 0 F F 1568 17 29 12 59 60 0 30 10 0 0 0 1565 11 36 0 64 57 0 43 0 0 0 0 F R 1562 10 0 0 100 50 0 40 0 0 0 10 F 1550 9 0 0 100 56 0 33 0 0 0 11 F 1546 13 0 8 92 50 8 25 17 0 0 0 R 1543 12 17 0 83 70 0 30 0 0 0 0 ? M ’ U) ♦Poorly preserved cn . TABLE 1. ASSEMBLAGE DATA— continued Number % Aren. % Por. % Hya. % Superfamilies Relative Abundances of species species species species N B 0 C D Rt Rb Pla. Dia. Rad. Ost 1540 15 27 0 73 55 9 18 9 0 9 0 1448 14 14 0 86 33 17 25 17 0 0 8 R F 1425 8 0 13 87 43 14 14 29 0 0 0 R R 1422 7 0 0 100 29 14 43 0 14 0 0 R R 1401-11 4 0 0 100 50 0 50 0 0 0 0 R 1400 8 0 0 100 50 0 25 25 0 0 0 R 1397 6 0 17 83 40 0 20 20 20 0 0 R F R 1394 5 0 0 100 60 0 40 0 0 0 0 R 1391 5 0 0 100 60 0 40 0 0 0 0 1381-91 7 0 0 100 71 0 29 0 0 0 0 F R 1378 + 9 0 0 100 44 11 22 22 0 0 0 R F 1374 + 9 0 0 100 33 33 22 11 0 0 0 R F 1370 17 6 0 94 50 19 13 19 0 0 0 F F 1367 6 0 0 100 67 0 33 0 0 0 0 1364 5 0 0 100 60 0 40 0 0 0 0 F F 1361 8 0 0 100 63 0 38 0 0 0 0 F F 1358 8 0 13 87 63 0 38 0 0 0 0 1355 10 10 10 80 63 0 25 13 0 0 0 F 1352 21 14 9 77 41 12 18 24 6 0 0 R F F F 1349 11 0 18 82 56 0 33 11 0 0 0 R 1346 13 23 8 69 56 ' 0 33 11 0 0 0 R 1343 17 23 6 71 58 8 17 17 0 0 0 F F 1340 18 17 17 66 42 0 17 33 0 0 0 F F 1337 9 0 22 88 57 0 29 14 0 0 0 R 1334 20 25 5 70 57 0 14 14 0 0 14 R F u> Number of species % Aren, species TABLE % Por. species 1. ASSEMBLAGE % Hya. species N DATA— continued % Superfamilies B 0 C D Rt Rb Relative Pla. Dia. Abundances Rad. Ost. 1331 14 7 0 93 55 0 18 9 9 0 9 R 1328 18 17 6 77 54 8 15 23 0 0 0 F F , 1327 11 0 18 82 44 0 33 11 11 0 0 F 1325 17 24 12 64 45 0 18 27 0 0 9 R 1322 18 17 6 77 46 0 23 15 0 0 15 R F 1319 17 24 0 76 46 0 23 23 0 0 8 F 1317 11 9 0 91 50 0 30 0 10 0 10 1316 16 13 6 81 54 0 23 15 0 0 8 R R ! 1313 14 29 0 71 70 0 10 10 0 0 10 F 1310 14 29 7 64 56 0 33 0 0 0 11 R 1307 15 33 0 67 60 0 30 0 0 0 10 F 1304 16 19 13 68 64 0 18 9 0 0 9 1301 11 18 9 73 50 0 38 12 0 0 0 F 1298 16 19 6 75 64 0 18 18 0 0 0 F R 1295 21 28 14 58 50 8 25 8 0 0 8 F F 1292 12 16 0 84 60 0 30 0 0 0 10 1289 12 8 8 84 50 0 30 20 0 0 0 1286 12 17 0 83 50 10 20 10 0 0 10 F 1283 12 25 8 67 38 0 38 25 0 0 0 R F C 1280 11 27 9 64 57 0 29 14 0 0 0 R R 1277 9 44 0 56 40 20 40 0 0 0 0 R 1275 14 29 0 71 70 0 30 0 0 0 10 F F R 1270 + 13 31 0 69 33 11 22 33 0 0 0 R F R | 1265 11 36 0 64 43 14 43 0 0 0 14 F F [ 1262 2 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 1259 9 33 0 67 50 0 50 0 0 0 0 F f 1256 13 31 0 69 66 0 22 0 0 0 11 F ‘ M 1253 19 22 0 18 50 7 21 14 0 0 7 F R U> 1237-47 11 27 9 64 29 0 43 14 0 0 14 F F ' nJ 1227-37 16 19 13 68 64 0 18 9 0 0 9 F F ■ — - ----- — -- ---- ------ I ' Number of species % Aren* species TABLE % Por. species 1. ASSEMBLAGE % Hya. species N DATA— continued % Superfamilies B 0 C D Rt Rb Relative Pla. Dia Abundances i Rad. Ost. ] 652 3 0 0 100 33 0 0 33 0 33 0 646 3 0 0 100 67 0 0 33 0 0 0 637 2 0 0 100 50 0 0 50 0 0 0 631 1 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 628 1 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 Average 11 12 6 82 50 4 26 13 1 1 3 Modified average 11 13 5 81 51 4 26 14 1 1 3 Maximum 21 CLARK AND WILSON WELL 4616 5 60 0 40 50 0 0 50 0 0 0 i F 4612 7 14 0 86 33 17 33 0 0 17 0 F F ! 4070* 4 0 0 100 50 0 50 0 0 0 0 R F • 4053* 1 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 3691* 3 67 0 33 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 3011 10 18 0 82 50 0 25 25 0 0 0 - 3002 11 18 18 64 57 0 14 14 0 0 14 2488 17 12 0 88 21 29 7 43 0 0 0 F F F 2480 19 11 0 89 35 12 24 29 0 0 0 F 2362 22 32 9 59 46 0 38 8 0 0 8 i 2347 + 20 5 10 85 53 6 18 18 0 0 6 F F R 2081 4 25 0 75 0 33 0 33 0 33 0 1 2079 9 11 0 89 0 0 38 38 12 12 0 t 1813 17 0 0 100 35 12 18 24 0 12 0 F F F 1808 12 0 0 100 25 8 17 33 0 17 0 R F 1 M > U> *Poorly preserved 00 139 TABLE 1. ASSEMBLAGE DATA— continued Number % Aren. % Por. % Hya. % Superfamilies Relative Abundances of species species species species N B 0 C D Rt Rb Pla. Dia. Rad. Ost 1556-57 i'6 0 6 94 40 7 7 40 0 7 0 F F F 1549 23 4 7 89 45 5 15 25 0 5 5 R F F R 1335 19 11 5 84 50 0 19 25 0 0 6 F F F 1332 39 0 5 95 54 5 11 25 0 0 5 F A F F 1110 22 0 9 91 50 20 0 30 0 0 0 F F F 1104 9 0 0 100 33 33 0 33 0 0 0 F F 925 18 0 11 89 44 13 19 25 0 0 0 F 920 18 ' 0 6 94 52 6 17 24 0 0 0 F F F 919 15 0 7 93 44 6 19 19 0 0 13 F R F F 916.5 14 0 7 93 31 15 15 39 0 0 0 F F F 915 10 0 10 90 55 0 33 11 0 0 0 708 14 7 7 86 25 17 8 42 8 0 0 R F 705 17 6 6 88 33 20 13 27 0 7 0 F F F Average 14 11 4 85 43 9 16 24 1 4 2 Modified Average 15 9 5 86 38 11 16 27 1 4 2 Maximum 39 COOPER WELL 4411-14 23 9 0 91 40 10 15 30 0 0 5 F F 4404-11 30 10 7 83 30 17 17 21 8 0 4 F F F 4290 10 10 0 90 22 11 33 33 0 0 0 R F F 4287 11 18 0 82 44 11 11 33 0 0 0 R F 4283 10 0 0 100 20 30 10 30 10 0 0 F F F 4279 7 14 0 86 33 0 16 50 0 0 0 R F R 4273 8 0 0 100 29 14 29 29 0 0 0 F F 2824* 1 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 2775 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F 2745* 1 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 *Poorly preserved 140 TABLE 1. ASSEMBLAGE DATA— continued Number % Aren. % Por. % Hya. % Superfamilies Relative Abundances of species species species species N B 0 C D Rt Rb Pla. Dia. Rad. Ost, 2443* 2 0 0 100 0 0 50 0 50 0 0 2439* 2 0 0 100 50 0 0 0 50 0 0 2435* 1 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 R 2206 13 0 0 100 39 31 8 8 0 8 8 R 2192-204 9 0 0 100 33 22 11 11 11 11 0 2000 6 0 17 83 60 20 20 0 0 0 0 1996 4 0 0 100 25 50 25 0 0 0 0 R R 1992 7 0 0 100 42 14 14 14 14 0 0 R 1998 4 0 0 100 50 25 25 0 0 0 0 1986 10 0 0 100 50 20 20 10 0 0 0 1984 18 6 0 94 50 19 13 19 0 0 0 F 1980 21 10 0 90 26 21 21 21 0 5 5 R Average 9 4 1 95 31 15 16 15 12 11 1 Modified average 13 5 2 93 37 20 18 19 3 2 1 Maximum 30 WOLF CREEK SECTION 1-1 11 0 9 91 40 10 30 20 0 0 0 F F 1-2 19 11 5 84 44 6 19 31 0 0 0 R F 1-3 18 0 0 100 56 6 17 22 0 0 0 F F R 1-4 24 4 0 96 48 9 9 30 0 0 4 R R 1-5 22 4 4 92 60 5 15 20 0 0 0 F F 1-6 6 17 0 83 60 20 20 0 0 0 0 R R 1-7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2-1 19 0 5 95 61 17 11 11 0 0 0 F 2-2* 4 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ♦Poorly preserved TABLE ASSEMBLAGE DATA— continued Number % Aren. % Por. % Hya. % Superfamilies of species species species species N B 0 C D Rt Rb 2-3* 4 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2-4* 7 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 267A 37 3 5 91 38 24 12 18 6 0 3 267B 32 0 6 93 53 10 13 20 0 0 3 267C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 267D 37 0 3 97 61 8 11 14 6 0 0 3-1 12 8 8 84 70 0 20 10 0 0 0 3-2* 6 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3-3* 5 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3-4 12 25 8 67 63 0 25 12 0 0 0 4-1 9 0 0 100 67 22 11 0 0 0 0 4-2 14 28 7 65 56 0 22 22 0 0 0 4-3 7 71 0 29 50 0 50 0 0 0 0 4-4* 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4-5* 3 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5-1* 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Relative Abundances Pla. Dia. Rad. Ost. 6-1 0 6-2 0 6-3 0 6-4 0 6-5 0 6-6 0 6-7 0 6-8 0 6-9 0 ♦Poorly preserved 4*. Number of species % Aren, species TABLE % Por. species 1. ASSEMBLAGE DATA— continued % Hya. % Superfamilies Relative species N B O C D Rt Rb Pla. Dia. Abundances Rad. Ost. 6-10 0 6-11 0 6-12 0 6-13 0 ! 6-14 9 11 0 89 38 13 0 50 0 0 0 6-15 0 7-1 0 7-2 0 7-3 0 B0076 0 8-1 0 8-2 0 8-3 0 8-4 0 8-5 0 F 8-6 0 8-7 0 F F 8-8 0 F 8-9 0 8-10 0 R 8-11 0 R F 8-12 0 8-13 0 F F 8-14 0 8-15 0 8-16 0 8-17 0 | 8-18 0 R ‘ M 8-19 0 R 8-20 0 ro 143 TABLE 1. ASSEMBLAGE DATA— continued Number % Aren. % Por. % Hya. % Superfamilies Relative Abundances of species species species species N B 0 C D Rt Rb Pla. Dia. Rac 9-5 0 9-6 0 9-7 0 9-8 0 9-9 0 R B0078 0 10-1 23 13 0 87 50 15 10 20 5 0 0 F 10-2 0 10-3 0 R B0079* 3 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F C 11-1 18 0 0 100 44 17 17 17 6 0 0 F R 11-2 16 0 14 86 43 14 21 21 0 0 0 R F 11-3 11 0 9 91 40 10 20 30 0 0 0 F 11-4 ' 12 0 0 100 42 8 25 17 8 0 0 11-5 8 0 0 100 38 0 38 25 0 0 0 B0080 42 7 7 86 53 14 11 19 3 0 0 R F 12-1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12-2 16 0 0 100 44 13 19 25 0 0 0 12-3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12-4 4 0 0 100 50 25 25 0 0 0 0 12-5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12-6 23 4 0 96 64 14 9 14 0 0 0 R 12-7 9 0 0 100 55 11 33 0 0 0 0 F 12-8 16 0 6 94 53 7 20 20 0 0 0 12-9 10 0 10 90 33 22 22 22 0 0 0 R 12-10 11 0 0 100 45 9 27 18 0 0 0 12-11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R B0081 10 0 0 100 40 10 30 20 0 0 0 B0060 18 0 0 100 56 6 11 17 0 0 11 F B0061 13 7 15 78 60 10 20 10 0 0 0 ♦Poorly preserved • Number of species % Aren, species TABLE % Por. species 1. ASSEMBLAGE % Hya. species N DATA— continued % Superfamilies B 0 C D Rt Rb Relative Pla. Dia. Abundances Rad. Ost. B0062 11 0 9 91 40 10 10 20 0 0 20 B0063 15 0 13 86 38 8 15 23 0 0 15 104 4 0 0 100 25 25 25 25 0 0 0 105 8 0 0 100 25 13 25 25 0 0 13 106 10 0 0 100 60 10 20 10 0 0 0 107 14 8 8 84 42 25 17 17 0 0 0 B0064 9 0 0 100 66 11 22 0 0 0 0 R B0065 10 0 0 100 50 20 20 10 0 0 0 B0066 22 5 0 95 52 14 10 14 0 0 10 R B0067 21 0 0 100 52 14 9 19 0 0 5 R F F B0068 26 4 4 92 54 17 13 17 0 0 0 F F A VA 175 16 0 0 100 56 19 13 13 6 6 0 A F 13-1 15 0 0 100 53 13 13 13 0 0 8 A 13-2 14 0 8 92 54 8 15 15 0 0 8 A F 13-3 18 0 11 89 38 6 13 31 0 0 13 F ' 13-4 12 0 0 100 50 8 17 8 0 0 17 C 13-5 20 5 0 95 47 11 11 21 0 0 0 A 13-6 15 8 0 92 57 7 14 21 0 0 0 F R 1 13-7 14 0 31 69 50 20 20 10 0 0 0 13-8 13 0 8 92 42 17 17 17 0 0 8 R 13-9* 2 0 33 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 R 13-10* 2 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 14-1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F 14-2 3 0 0 100 33 33 33 0 0 0 0 14-3 6 0 0 100 17 17 33 33 0 0 0 14-4 5 0 0 100 20 20 20 20 0 0 20 F 14-5 12 0 0 100 50 8 17 17 0 0 8 14-6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R 1 14-7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 f 14-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F £ > £ » 1 *Poorly preserved TABLE 1. ASSEMBLAGE DATA— continued Number % Aren. % Por. % Hya. % Superfamilies Relative Abundances of species species species species N B 0 C D Rt Rb Pla. Dia. Rad. 14-9 0 0 0 0 14-10 0 0 0 0 14-11 8 0 0 100 38 13 25 13 0 0 13 A 14-12 0 0 0 0 14-13 0 0 0 0 R 14-14 0 0 0 0 14-15 1 100 0 0 14-16 0 0 0 0 B0082 0 0 0 0 15-1 14 0 7 93 38 15 15 15 0 0 15 15-2 4 33 0 67 33 33 33 0 0 0 0 R 15-3* 2 0 50 50 0 0 50 0 0 0 50 R R 15-4* 1 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15-5* 1 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 R 15-6 0 0 0 0 15-7 0 0 0 0 15-8 0 0 0 0 15-9 0 0 0 0 15-10 0 0 0 0 15-11 4 0 0 100 25 25 50 0 0 0 0 15-12 15 0 0 100 40 13 13 20 0 0 13 R 15-13 16 0 7 93 40 7 13 33 0 0 7 F R F 15-14 0 0 0 0 15-15 0 0 0 0 15-16 0 0 0 0 ♦Poorly preserved in ( T \ TABLE 1. ASSEMBLAGE DATA— continued Number % Aren. % Por. % Hya. % Superfamilies of species species species N B 0 C D species 15-17 0 15-18 0 B0083 35 VA 125 0 16-1 0 16-2 0 16-3 0 16-4 0 16-5 0 16-6 0 16-7 0 17-1 0 18-1 0 19-1 0 19-2 0 20-1 0 21-1 0 22-1 0 22-2 0 23-1 0 24-1 0 25-1 0 26-1 0 29-1 0 Average Modified 13 Average 15 Maximum 42 Rt Rb Relative Pla* Dia. 85 47 17 20 0 10 16 7 76 88 39 11 17 14 46 13 18 17 Abundances Rad. Ost. F C TABLE 1. ASSEMBLAGE DATA— continued Number % Aren. % Por. % Hya. % Superfamilies Relative Abundances of species species species N B 0 C D Rt Rb Pla. Dia. Rad. Ost. species CASTOR CREEK SECTION 142B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A A 143A 15 6 0 94 42 14 0 36 0 7 0 A A 143B* 1 0 0 100 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 c C 143C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F 143D 22 5 5 90 40 25 0 25 10 0 0 F F 143E 18 6 0 94 47 24 0 24 6 0 0 F C 143F 3 0 0 100 67 33 0 0 0 0 0 F F 143G 15 0 0 100 40 47 0 13 0 0 0 A A 143H 4 0 0 100 25 50 0 25 0 0 0 F C 1431 3 33 0 67 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 A 143K 11 9 0 91 50 30 0 10 10 0 0 C C 145* 1 0 0 100 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 B0094* 2 0 0 100 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 C C B0093* 2 0 50 50 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 R R B0092 7 0 14 86 0 17 17 50 0 0 17 B0091 12 0 0 100 58 17 8 17 0 0 0 B0090 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F F Average part A 7 1 2 90 21 55 4 17 0 1 3 Modified ave rage (part A) 9 2 4 93 33 20 6 26 0 1 4 Maximum 15 Average (part B) 9 7 1 93 40 45 0 12 3 0 0 Modified average (part B) 17 8 1 92 46 37 0 14 4 0 0 Maximum 22 ♦Poorly preserved TABLE 1. ASSEMBLAGE DATA— continued Nurtfeer % Aren. % Por. % Hya. % Superfamilies Relative Abundances of species Species species N B 0 C D Rt Rb Pla. Dia. Rad. Ost. species ROCK CREEK SECTION 252 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 254 41 15 2 83 59 12 9 21 0 0 0 F F F 1001 28 0 8 92 58 15 12 15 0 0 0 R F R 1002 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1003 15 6 0 94 43 21 7 29 0 0 0 R F 1004 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1005 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1015* 1 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 A A 1014 33 3 3 94 42 39 3 10 6 0 0 F A A 1013 34 9 3 88 47 30 0 17 7 0 0 F A C 1012 36 14 3 83 40 37 3 17 3 0 0 C A A 1011 30 20 0 80 40 36 4 16 4 0 0 F F F 1010 29 3 3 94 37 33 0 26 4 0 0 F A A 1009* 5 20 0 80 25 75 0 0 0 0 0 A A 1008 27 22 4 74 50 15 5 20 10 0 0 F A F 1006 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1007 6 0 0 100 50 17 17 17 0 0 0 1020 31 10 3 87 56 15 7 15 0 0 7 F F 1021 25 8 8 84 52 14 10 24 0 0 7 F 1022 25 16 4 80 45 5 10 30 0 0 10 F F R 1023* 2 50 0 50 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 F 1024 37 6 6 88 73 3 6 15 0 0 3 F C R 1025 17 6 6 88 47 7 7 33 0 0 7 1016 20 15 0 85 53 12 12 18 0 0 6 F 1017 32 3 3 94 67 3 6 17 0 0 6 F M *Poorly preserved , oo TABLE 1. ASSEMBLAGE DATA— continued Number % Aren. % Por. % Hya. % Superfamilies Relative Abundances of species species species species N B 0 C D Rt Rb Pla. Dia. Rad. Ost 1018 0 0 0 0 1019 33 6 0 94 61 3 6 23 0 0 6 C R 1027 23 7 0 93 62 5 14 19 0 0 0 R 1028 26 0 4 96 56 4 12 28 0 0 0 F 1029 39 10 5 85 58 6 6 27 0 0 3 F F R 1036 29 14 0 86 64 8 12 16 0 0 0 F F 1035 20 15 0 85 59 6 6 24 0 0 6 1033 21 10 0 90 47 5 11 32 0 0 5 F F 1034 23 13 5 82 47 5 5 32 0 0 16 F F 1030 22 0 0 100 50 9 14 27 0 0 0 F F 1032 13 8 8 84 45 9 18 27 0 0 0 F 1031 21 5 10 85 56 5 5 22 5 0 5 F 1037 16 7 7 86 71 14 14 0 0 0 0 F F 1038* 8 50 0 50 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 R 248 8 38 0 62 40 40 20 0 0 0 0 249 36 25 3 72 58 12 8 19 0 0 4 F F F 250 32 9 6 85 48 19 7 27 0 0 0 F C C 251 33 15 6 79 58 15 12 12 4 0 0 F 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 234 42 13 3 84 50 14 6 25 0 0 6 F F F 1039 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 27 22 0 78 65 10 10 15 0 0 0 C C R 239 15 33 0 67 30 20 10 30 0 0 10 F R 233 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ♦Poorly preserved TABLE 1. ASSEMBLAGE DATA— continued Number % Aren. % Por. % Hya. % Superfamilies Relative Abundances of species species species species N B 0 C D Rt Rb Pla. Dia. Ra< 231 0 0 0 0 232* 1 100 0 0 246 0 0 0 0 F 247* 3 67 0 33 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 229 1 100 0 0 228 0 0 0 0 R 227 0 0 0 0 226 0 0 0 0 245 12 21 7 72 63 12 12 12 0 0 0 244 6 17 17 66 40 20 40 0 0 0 0 243 43 15 5 80 59 12 6 18 0 0 6 F F 242 38 17 3 80 51 15 6 24 0 0 3 F F 241 9 38 0 62 50 17 17 17 0 0 0 238 22 25 0 75 50 11 6 33 0 0 0 C A 237* 4 75 0 25 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 236 0 0 0 0 F 225 1 100 0 0 224* 1 100 0 0 223* 1 0 0 100 0 100 0 0 d 0 0 222* 5 80 0 20 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 255 32 3 7 90 52 4 16 24 0 0 4 F F 216* 1 100 0 0 F F 217* 1 100 0 0 218* 2 100 0 0 F F 219 0 0 0 0 215* 1 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 1041 18 17 0 83 47 7 13 13 7 0 13 F F 1040 8 0 0 0 50 13 13 13 0 0 13 F 1045 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1044* 1 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 C o *Poorly preserved TABLE 1. ASSEMBLAGE DATA--continued Number % Aren. % Por. % Hya. % Superfamilies Relative Abundances of' species species species N B 0 C D Rt Rb Pla. Dia. Rad. Ost. species 1043 13 15 0 85 55 9 18 18 0 0 0 1042 15 7 7 86 31 8 23 38 0 0 0 F F 221* 3 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F F 220* 7 66 17 17 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 214* 3 67 0 33 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 F 213* 3 100 0 0 0 100 0 ' 0 0 0 0 F 212 3 50 0 50 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 211 15 7 0 93 50 14 14 21 0 0 0 C C 210* 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1070 6 0 •14 86 33 17 33 17 0 0 0 268 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Average (part A) 17 29 3 65 45 14 8 13 1 0 2 Modified ave- rage (part A) 20 11 4 71 45 15 10 15 1 0 3 Maximum 43 Average (part B) 24 11 2 87 48 33 2 17 4 0 0 Modified ave rage (part B) 33 13 2 85 40 38 2 17 5 0 0 Maximum 36 *Poorly preserved ui TABLE 1. ASSEMBLAGE DATA— continued Number % Aren. % Por. % Hya. % Superfamilies Relative Abundances of species species species N B 0 C D Rt Rb Pla. Dia. Rad. Ost. species WILLAPA RIVER SECTION 116-3 12 8 0 92 27 18 9 36 9 0 0 c A 116-2 15 13 0 87 38 23 0 15 23 0 0 A A 116-1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 113-7 17 12 0 88 27 40 0 27 7 0 0 F 113-6 8 22 0 78 33 17 0 33 17 0 0 A A 113-5* 4 100 0 0 A A 113-4 0 0 0 0 A A 113-3* 1 100 0 0 113-2* 1 100 0 0 113-1 0 0 0 0 A 110-1 26 4 4 92 29 33 4 25 8 0 0 A A A 110-2 28 11 0 89 48 20 4 20 8 0 0 A C A 110-3 34 6 6 88 40 27 3 23 7 0 0 A F 110-4 8 13 0 87 43 14 0 14 29 0 0 A 110-5 22 5 0 95 24 33 10 19 14 0 0 C A A 110-6 12 17 0 83 30 30 10 20 10 0 0 C A A 109-1 9 17 0 83 43 14 0 43 0 0 0 C A A 109-2 10 0 0 100 20 40 0 30 10 0 0 C F A 109-3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A 109-4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A A 109-5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A A 109-6* 2 50 0 50 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 A 109-7* 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A A 109-8* 5 17 0 83 0 25 0 50 25 0 0 C A 109-9 6 0 0 100 33 17 0 33 17 0 0 c A A ♦Poorly preserved in ISJ < J 1 u> TABLE 1. ASSEMBLAGE DATA--continued Number % Aren. % Por. % Hya. % Superfamilies Relative Abundances of species species species species N B 0 C D Rt Rb Pla. Dia. Rac 109-10 9 11 0 89 38 13 0 25 25 0 0 F 108-1* 2 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A 108-2 5 20 20 60 33 0 0 33 33 0 0 108-3* 3 67 0 33 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 108-4 9 33 0 67 50 0 0 33 17 0 0 A 106-1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 106A 10 10 0 90 44 0 11 44 0 0 0 R F R 106B 12 25 0 75 11 33 11 33 11 0 0 106C 16 18 6 76 33 8 8 42 8 0 0 106D 11 25 0 75 13 13 13 50 13 0 0 F F 106-6* 5 20 0 80 0 50 0 50 0 0 0 106-11 11 0 9 91 50 10 0 40 0 0 0 F 106-12 10 0 0 100 30 10 10 10 50 0 0 F C A 106-13 17 6 6 88 20 20 13 40 7 0 0 F C A 106-7 10 0 0 100 40 20 10 30 0 0 0 R F F 106-5 12 8 0 92 20 20 0 50 10 0 0 F 106-14 8 13 0 87 43 14 0 29 14 0 0 R F A 106-8 9 0 0 100 44 11 0 33 11 0 0 106-15 8 11 0 89 14 14 14 43 14 0 0 R A 106-4 20 15 0 85 29 18 6 35 6 0 6 F F 106-3 14 7 7 86 42 25 0 33 0 0 0 106-9 11 9 9 82 22 11 22 44 0 0 0 106-16 21 10 0 90 26 21 11 37 5 0 0 106-2 7 0 0 100 57 14 0 29 0 0 0 F 106-10 11 18 9 73 25 13 13 38 13 0 0 106-18 16 13 0 87 36 14 7 36 7 0 0 106-19 18 17 0 83 47 13 13 27 0 0 0 R 106-20 16 12 0 88 43 7 14 36 0 0 0 R R 106-21 13 8 0 92 42 17 17 25 0 0 0 A 90-12* 3 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F 'Poorly preserved 1 i Number of species % Aren, species TABLE % Por. species 1. ASSEMBLAGE DATA— continued % Hya. % Superfamilies species N B 0 C D Rt Rb Relative Pla. Dia. Abundances Rad. Ost. 1 106-22 33 12 3 85 53 11 7 25 4 0 0 R F F 106-23 14 14 7 79 27 9 9 55 0 0 0 A 106-24 22 9 9 82 28 22 6 44 0 0 0 F A A F 90-11* 3 67 0 33 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 F F 90-10* 2 50 0 50 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 F F 106-25 31 0 10 90 36 18 14 29 4 0 0 F F R 106-26 19 0 16 84 25 12 12 50 0 0 0 A 105-1 11 9 9 82 33 22 11 33 0 0 0 F 90-9 11 45 0 55 50 0 0 50 0 0 0 F 105-2 20 15 10 75 53 20 7 20 0 0 0 90-8 13 0 0 100 54 8 0 38 0 0 0 F 105-3* 2 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 105-4 9 11 0 89 75 13 0 13 0 0 0 R 105-5 11 45 0 55 44 11 11 33 0 0 0 F 90-7* 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F 1 105-6 2 0 0 100 ' 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 R 105-7 10 60 0 50 60 20 0 20 0 0 0 90-6 12 8 0 92 45 18 36 0 0 0 0 F 90-5* 3 67 0 33 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 F 105-8 8 14 14 72 50 17 0 33 0 0 0 F 90-4 16 31 0 69 64 9 18 9 0 0 0 105-9* 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90-3 17 12 0 88 73 7 7 13 0 0 0 F R 105-10 10 20 0 80 88 12 0 0 0 0 0 F R 90-2 5 20 0 80 50 25 0 25 0 0 0 F 90-1 13 0 0 100 46 15 0 38 0 0 0 F 105-11 13 23 0 77 40 20 20 20 0 0 0 F 105-12 34 26 0 72 52 12 4 32 0 0 0 F F F M 105-13 19 37 0 63 42 17 17 25 0 0 0 R F F <J1 , ^ 105-14 25 12 8 80 55 10 5 25 5 0 0 R F F j *Poorlv preserved i __ ------ -— ,-v - 155 TABLE 1. ASSEMBLAGE DATA— continued Number % Aren. % Por. % Hya. % Superfamilies Relative Abundances Of species species species species N B 0 C D Rt Rb Pla. Dia. Rac 105-15 12 25 0 75 44 22 0 33 0 0 0 105-16 21 9 14 77 63 6 13 19 0 0 0 F 91-4 26 8 0 92 67 4 13 17 0 0 0 R 91-3* 2 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 F R 91-2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 82-1 5 25 0 75 25 0 25 50 0 0 0 R F 103-1 6 17 0 83 80 0 0 20 0 0 0 F 103-2 18 12 6 82 50 14 14 21 0 0 0 R F 103-3 7 0 0 100 57 14 0 29 0 0 0 F 103-4* 5 0 0 100 0 60 0 40 0 0 0 82-2 18 22 6 72 54 8 8 31 0 0 0 F 91-1 14 21 0 79 45 18 0 36 0 0 0 F 82-3 22 23 9 68 53 7 7 27 7 0 0 93-7 19 11 0 89 59 6 6 29 0 0 0 F R 82-4* 2 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 82-5 39 14 8 78 58 6 10 26 0 0 0 82-6 11 9 9 82 56 0 11 33 0 0 0 93-6 31 13 0 87 48 15 7 26 4 0 0 101-2 25 24 12 64 56 6 13 19 0 0 6 101-1 35 26 3 71 48 8 8 36 0 0 0 F 101-3 24 13 0 87 62 10 10 19 0 0 0 F F 93-5* 2 50 0 50 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 F 101-4 24 25 17 58 57 7 7 29 0 0 0 93-4 15 7 0 93 50 14 0 29 7 0 0 F 101-5 24 13 4 82 60 10 5 20 0 0 5 F C 101-6 18 17 6 77 57 14 7 21 0 0 0 F 93-3 23 4 9 87 55 15 5 20 5 0 0 101-7 20 10 0 90 56 11 6 28 0 0 0 F R 93-2 15 6 0 94 43 14 7 36 0 0 0 F 101-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F ♦Poorly preserved 156 TABLE 1. ASSEMBLAGE DATA— continued Number % Aren. % Por. % Hya. % Superfamilies Relative Abundances of species species species species N B 0 C D Rt Rb Pla. Dia. Rac 93-1 31 10 6 84 68 8 12 12 0 0 0 101-9 21 10 0 90 68 6 10 10 0 0 6 F 101-10 27 7 0 93 60 12 4 24 0 0 0 R 101-11 21 14 0 86 50 11 6 33 0 0 0 101-12 18 11 0 89 44 19 6 31 0 0 0 F 101-13 17 18 0 82 50 14 7 29 0 0 0 F 101-14 11 18 0 82 44 11 11 33 0 0 0 101-15 13 23 0 77 40 10 10 40 0 0 0 101-16* 2 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 101-17 13 8 0 92 50 8 8 33 0 0 0 101-18 11 9 0 91 30 30 10 30 0 0 0 101-19 9 9 0 91 50 25 13 13 0 0 0 R 101-20 8 0 0 100 50 13 0 37 0 0 0 101-21 7 14 0 86 50 33 0 17 0 0 0 101-22 11 0 0 100 64 18 0 18 0 0 0 F F 101-23 9 0 0 100 44 11 0 44 0 0 0 F 94-2 12 0 8 92 64 9 0 18 9 0 0 94-1 10 10 0 90 44 44 0 11 0 0 0 101-24 9 0 0 100 44 11 11 33 0 0 0 F R 101-25 9 0 0 100 55 11 11 22 0 0 0 F 94-A* 6 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 101-26* 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F F 101-27 6 17 0 83 40 40 0 20 0 0 0 F R 101-28* 3 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F R 101-29 10 9 0 91 40 10 10 40 0 0 0 F 101-30 13 15 0 85 45 9 9 27 9 0 0 F 81-2* 3 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 81-1 9 22 0 78 57 0 14 28 0 0 0 101-31 21 10 0 90 68 11 0 16 5 0 0 F F 101-32* 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R ♦Poorly preserved TABLE 1. ASSEMBLAGE DATA— continued Number % Aren. % Por. % Hya. % Superfamilies Relative Abundances of species species species species N B 0 C D Rt Rb Pla. Dia. Rac 96-5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 101-33 12 8 0 92 36 18 0 36 9 0 0 R F 101-34 11 9 0 91 50 10 0 40 0 0 0 R 76-35 23 17 0 83 58 5 11 26 0 0 0 76-34 4 25 0 75 50 0 25 25 0 0 0 98-1 11 9 0 91 50 10 0 40 0 0 0 R F 98-2* 6 83 0 17 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 76-33 9 11 0 89 75 13 0 13 0 0 0 98-3* 4 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F 96-1 6 0 0 100 50 0 17 33 0 0 0 96-4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 98-4* 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 76-32* 3 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 98-5 16 13 0 87 50 7 14 21 7 0 0 96-2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 76-31* 4 75 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 96-3 6 67 0 33 60 0 20 20 0 0 0 76-30* 5 80 0 20 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 R 76-29* 6 67 0 33 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 R 76-28* 4 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R 76-27 21 67 5 28 38 31 8 23 0 0 0 F R 76-26* 3 33 0 67 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 F F 76-25 22 14 5 81 56 11 6 28 0 0 0 R 76-24 9 56 0 44 25 0 25 50 0 0 0 76-23 9 44 0 54 60 0 0 40 0 0 0 76-22 25 16 4 80 55 10 5 30 0 0 0 F F R 76-21 11 36 0 64 29 14 14 43 0 0 0 76-20 6 67 0 34 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 76-19 14 36 0 64 55 0 11 33 0 0 0 76-18 20 20 0 80 33 20 7 40 0 0 0 R M c n * Poorly preserved TABLE 1. ASSEMBLAGE DATA— continued Number % Aren. % Por. % Hya. % Superfamilies Relative Abundances 1 of species species species N B 0 C D Rt Rb Pla. Dia. Rad. Ost. species 76-17* 7 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 76-16 26 25 0 75 42 26 5 26 0 0 0 76-15 29 28 7 65 47 16 5 32 0 0 0 F 76-14 21 24 14 62 31 23 8 38 0 0 0 R 76-13 22 18 9 73 44 13 6 31 0 0 6 76-12 29 24 7 69 32 16 5 42 0 0 5 F 76-11 35 19 6 75 48 20 4 24 0 0 4 F R 76-10* 3 50 0 50 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 F 76-9 5 20 0 80 25 50 0 25 0 0 0 76-8* 5 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 76-7* 5 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F 76-6* 5 60 20 20 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 F 76-5 12 50 0 50 33 33 0 33 0 0 0 F 76-4* 4 75 0 25 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 76-3 20 30 0 70 71 21 0 7 0 0 0 F 76-2 21 33 0 67 57 14 7 21 0 0 0 C R 76-1* 4 75 0 25 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 F R Average 14 31 2 77 37 16 6 28 3 0 1 Modified average 17 16 2 81 46 16 7 32 3 0 1 ! Maximum 39 ! i i t ♦Poorly preserved M 00 TABLE 1. ASSEMBLAGE DATA— continued Number % Aren. % Por. % Hya. % Superfamilies Relative Abundances of species species species N B 0 C D Rt Rb Pla. Dia. Rad. Ost. species BEAVER CREEK SECTION KAM 271 8 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 KAM 272 6 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 KAM 273 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 KAM 274 2 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 KAM 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 KAM 277 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 KAM 276 3 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Average Maximum 4 8 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i in 10 APPENDIX III FOSSIL LOCALITIES AND FAUNAL DISTRIBUTIONS 160 Figure 24. Stratigraphic column and biostratigraphic zonation of the Eugene section, Oregon. Seven spot samples were taken from the Eugene Formation (KAM 2 00- 206). These samples grade from conglomerates and coarse-grained sands (KAM 205-206) to fine-grained tuffaceous sands (KAM 200-204). The latter sands have varicolored grains, common mica, and volcanic debris (col. 2). Megafossils are common, but microfossils are rare. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages (samples KAM 202-203) are assigned to the California late Narizian, Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone and late Re- fugian, Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone because of co occurring diagnostic species. Assemblages present are also assigned to the Washington Bulimina schencki- Plectofrondicularia cf. P^. jenkinsi and Sigmomorphina schencki Zones. Interpretation of the benthic forami- niferal assemblages using the modified zonal scheme of this paper (col. 8) suggests the presence of the early Refugian, neritic facies. Planktic foraminifers are absent. 161 29 T FEET c n o m C D C D m z m 1 1 1 1 | 1 1 I 1 iii C O m CD —1 C D ) i Z ro r o o o c o r o i 1 I I GLAUCONITE MICA PYRITE GLASS SHARDS VOLCANIC EUGENE ~n CD FORMATION — C D Z ^ ^ R E F U G I A N N A R I Z I A N ^ ^ ^ ^ STAGE AMPHIMORPHINA JENKINSI ZONE MALLORY (1959) O > r ~ ~n o 3 0 z D O CD C O - H DO UVIGERINA VICKSBURGENSIS ZONE DONNELLY (1976) > M O Z m C O —1 CD DO I X » = j ^ i BULIMINA SCHENGKI PLECTOFRONDICULARIA CF■P . JENKINSI ZONE — >30 M X v o — ' 3> O > < y > U3 C z c o r> j C D Z ^ 1 SIGMOMORPHINA SCHENCKI ZONE - - - - - C O c o - C D i EARLY REFUG IAN BENTHIC FORAM. STAGES X C O " D > " D m _ _ _ S L TABLE 2. FAUNAL DISTRIBUTION CHART, EUGENE SECTION, OREGON. |-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! EUGENE SECTION - 6 ; *‘ -■2 e £ 2 - I Key: j A * Abundant ( > 5 0 specimens) F » Few (2-19specImens) ? ■ Questionable 1C * Common (20-50 specimens) R - Rare ( 1 specimen) occurrence KAM 202 KAM 203 1 B EN T H I C F O R A M I N I F E R A i i 1. E l p h i d i u m c a l i f o r n i c u m Cook F A i 2. L e n t i c u l i n a inorn a ta (d'Orbigny) F F ■ ! 3 * N o n i o n e l l i n a applini (Howe and Walla c e) F F 4. B o l i v i n a kleinpelli Beck C 5. E l p h i d i u m minuturn (Reuss) C 6. E p o n i d e s m e x i c a n u s (Cushman) F 7 ' G u t t u l i n a i r r e g u l a r i s (d'Orbigny) F 8. G 1 o b o b u l i m i n a pacif i ca Cushman F 9. Lagena semi striata W i l l i a m s o n R 10. P s e u d o n o d o s a r i a inflata (Costal F 11. U v i g e r i n a c o c o a e n s i s species group F 1 A S S O C I A T E D O R G A N I S M S 12. Radi olari ans ? ? 13. Di atoms R 14. S ponge s pi cu l es R 15. -- r— Geod i tes F 163 Figure 25. Stratigraphic column and biostratigraphic zonation of the Texaco Clatskanie well, Oregon. The Clatskanie well penetrates 5,626 feet of Tertiary strata in northwestern Oregon. Seventy-nine samples were examined from the upper 3,500 feet (col. 1). Lithology (col. 1), selected lithic constituents (col. 2), and formations (col. 3) are graphically illustra ted. Detailed logs and descriptions of drill cuttings and cores are given by Newton (1969). The reader is referred to this published report (Newton, 1969) for more information. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages (Table 3) in the interval studied are assigned to the California late Narizian, Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone (cols. 5 and 6) and the Washington Bulimina schencki-Plecto- frondicularia cf. J?. jenkinsi Zone (col. 7). Inter pretations of these assemblages using the modified zonal scheme of this paper (col. 8) suggests the presence of the late Narizian neritic facies (samples 3387-1227) and the early Refugian neritic facies (samples 628-652). Planktic foraminifers (Table 3) are diagnostic of zones P10 to P20, middle Eocene or younger. These interpretations (cols. 4-9) differ from the published interpretation (Thoms, 1969) because of the more diverse assemblages used for this study. 164 S9T DEPTH IN FEET i; ijsji ; i-j i, . - i ! i i!i!'lk!i*i!i1 GLAUCONITE MICA PYRITE GLASS SHARDS fVOLCANIC COWLITZ FORMATION COWLITZ FM. NOT DIAGNOSTIC STAGE LATE NARIZIAN AMPHIMORPHINA JENKINSI ZONE ? BULIMINA SCHENCKI-PLECTOFRONDICULARIA CF. P. JENKINSI ZONE LATE NARIZIAN MIDDLE EOCENE OR YOUNGER ZONES P10 - P20 TABLE 3. FAUNAL DISTRIBUTION CHART, CLATSKANIE WELL, OREGON. 166 ! 9ZS 1 H9 i Ct9 9»9 E . z 1 ■ " w 2 1 -2 :2 : it-iZZl cs: i 95 2 ! ! :: :r z - *. ----„s ,v 2 92! 5921 •0221 S221 ■ w* «- I Lll\ 0621 C82! 9621 682 1 1“ - - “ - “ ■™ «2T 962 I 862! lOt ! rot I Z X - Z “ - - 20£ I 011 T ! cut 911 1 z z « eici 22tl j 5 211 iZt J - * r “ , ■ ■ ■ utr I rcti U Cl out - . U . U . - U. I E *-.as “ - - 9UT 6»t t , 2sn 1 SSC1 x - «s * . « » - “« - - t mi \ »9t 1 I 19tt j out z z Z Z 1 « - - - « “ * - j -. : 8211 16't8C! 16C t »6Cl 1 26C1 z z ““ « > j 1 .. ooVf1 i u-ton 1 22t! S2n • Ml - « “ *- « I out i E f 5 I ] 9UI j OSS t J 2951 :r “ * ““ « - - ! 4$4? | 9951 I 25 t 125 t oast Z “ "!! ‘ "“■ o d cast 999 t 2991 0691 C69I :: J Z “ “ . . . . 9691 02-9021 65-2592 1992 58CC 29CC -- CLATSKANIE WELL Hasrii- m m s i1 - sew 1 I S i J i l 1 iifli s ; 5^J£5 X * _ * u - * o - J Z I s« His slsl S.-SV, IHI! 1=1-1 Hlff m u u m \ 1 1 ill! J 1 I sSS ' r - A r i i l illll nil! 2 = I I I = Hi tel! p'r-T 1 1 I 1 J | y Hill «Iis= i n n arlcS I I j- 111 illP s Z z U :7-H £?.:!’ \ l h \ illll m i L •1 111. i l l • U s ' ZZ. .52 5"-s; l!!L Hill sisss i l lil =- i U u iHli i I 1 £2~ = 11 1 Is* j m IIII! 1 - ?5 ii! ill Ill, .-I!?-: Illll BSSSS! I U I f l ? 1-2 p i s I sssss ! 2 1 r 1 i j . . Hff- f J5“S Slill z i i i z 1 i ! , ii !.!*= i n i 5SSS2 j ! u i ® m u 6 J i ! «25 s : fll £ Is S>5 i ?5 Ijli S' 2S « !, 1 i - J i I l l l l 1 22JIS 1 1 1 1 iii, sss 167 Figure 26. Stratigraphic column and biostratigraphic zonation of the Texaco Clark and Wilson well, Oregon. The Clark and Wilson well is located west of the Clatskanie well and penetrates 8,501 feet of strata. Lithology (col. 1), selected lithic components (col. 2), and formations (col. 3) are illustrated. De tailed logs and descriptions of drill cuttings and cores are given by Newton (1969). The reader is referred to the published report (Newton, 1969) for further information. Twenty-eight samples were examined for this study. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages (Table 4) are assigned to the California Narizian, Amphimorphina •jenkinsi Zone (samples 4616 to 1549) and the early Refugian, Cibicides haydoni Subzone (samples 1332 to 705) (cols. 5 to 7), and the Washington Bulimina schencki Zones (samples 4616 to 705) (col. 8). Interpretation of the benthic foraminiferal assem blages using the modified zonal scheme of this paper (col. 9) suggests the presence of the late Narizian neritic facies (samples 4616 to 1549) and the early Refugian neritic facies (samples 1332 to 705). These interpretations (cols. 5 to 9) differ from the pub lished interpretation (col. 4; Thoms, 1969) because of the more diverse assemblages used in this study. Planktic foraminiferal assemblages (Table 4) above sample 1332 are diagnostic of zones P10 to P20, middle Eocene or younger (col. 10). Below this interval the planktic foraminiferal assemblages are not diagnostic (col. 10). 168 691 DEPTH IN FEET ijiWhji I li GLAUCONITE MICA PYRITE GLASS SHARDS VOLCANIC TILLAMOOK VOLCANICS COWLITZ FORMATION T | C / 3 ? UPPER ULATISIAN LO CO STAGE NARIZIAN AMPHIMORPHINA JENKINSI ZONE MOO SIGMOMORPHINA SCHENCKI ZONE BULIMINA SCHENCKI-PLECTOFRONDICULARIA CF. P. JENKINSI ZONE LATE NARIZIAN MIDDLE EOCENE NOT DIAGNOSTIC 'OR YOUNGER •ZONES P10-P20 TABLE 4. FAUNAL DISTRIBUTION CHART, CLARK AND WILSON WELL, OREGON. 170 CLARK AND WILSON WELL i tmt: a A • Afcaadaat (w to tNctHM) r • (<•!• »pee »■•■•) T • Q*estl9«a»l« 2 C • Csaatt (20-50 ft • tin ( 1 accurr««ci £ £ I £ 5 ^ M CO O N — 0 a> 0 O O jr v 1 * r-. — ON ro CO W ® 0* — C S C 3 ?! ° 0 <C S — ~ 0 0 » *«» * ■ « . BENTHIC FOAAHINIFERA . I . 8a thys i phon spp. Z. Oorotnift sp. A 3. Haplophragotoides spp. 4. Lenticulfna Inornate (d'Orbiqny) 5. Vaainulinoosis saundersi (Hanna and Hanna) F R R F F F F F F F R F f F F F F F F F F ft ft F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F 6 . Cibicides natlandi 8eck 7. Elphidium cjHfornicua Cook 8 . Eponi.des cf. E. mexicanus (Cushman) 9. P 1 ectoTrond »cu 1 ar f a packardl Cushman and Schenck F F F F F F F F F A F F C F F R F F F F ft R F F F F ft F F F F F F F F R F F F F F ft F F F R F 1 1 . Lent IcuHna spp . 12. Caucasina schenckl (Beck) 13. Cyclammina pacific* Beck 14. Eponides mexicanus (Cushman) 15. Globocassidulina alobosa (Hantken) F F F F F R F F F F ft C F ft F ft F ft F F F F R R F F F F F C F F F F F F F F F R 1 F F F 16. LenticuHna cf. L. terryl (Coryell and Embich) 17. Pseudonodosar1 a so. 18. Guttulina hantkeni Cushman and Ozawa 19. Qu t nque 1 ocu 11 na imperiaHs Hanna and Hanna 20. Ouinaue1ocu1ina weaver! Rau F F R F R F F F F F F F F R R F R F F F F F 21. ftobertina wash 1ngtonensis Beck 22. Bolivina gardnerae Cushman 23. Bolivina jacksonensis striatella Cushman and Applin 24. Bolivina kleinpelli Beck 25. Solivina oisclformis Gallowav and Morrev R F F F F R F F R F R R R F 26. Soldia hodgei (Cushman and Schenck) 27. Bulimina sculotilis lacinata Cushman and Parker 28 . C i b i c ides spp. 29. Cyclaomina spp. 30. Alabamina kernensis Smith ft F F A F F ft F F F F R F F R F f R ft ft F F R R F F F F F 31. Gyroidina soldanil d'Orbigny 32. Pullenia salisburyl Stewart and Stewart 33. Quinque1ocu)ina spp. 34. St Hoc tomel! a lepidula (Schwager) 35. Cibicides mcmastersi Beck F R R F F ft F F ft F R F F F F ft R F F F C ft F F ft F F F 36. Cyclammina incisa (Stache) 37. G1obobu1imina pacific* Beck 38. Gyroidina condoni (Cushman and Schenck) 39. Lenticulina aff. L. welchi (Church) 40. Marainulina exima Neuaeboren F F R F F F R R R R 41. Nonione 11ina applini (Howe and Wallace) 42. PraeglobobuIimina pupoides (d'Orbiqny) 43. Pseudonodosaria cylindracea (Reuss) 44. Trochammina g1obigeriniformis (Parker and Jones) 45. Ammodiscus fncertus (d'Orbianv) R F R F F or "''p r P t R R F F F F F ft ! f 46. Sathysiphon eocenlca Cushman and Hanna 47. Budashaevella mu 111 cameratus (Vo 1oshinova) 48. Ceratobu1imina washburnei Cushman and Schenck 49. Nodosaria spp. 50. Pyrulina fusiformis (Roemer) R R F ft F F F F R R R F F F F F R R F 51. Oorothia pr1ncipiensis Cushman and Bermudez 52. Globulina gibba d'Orbigny 53. Nodosarid longiscata d'Orbigny 54. Praeg1obobu1imina ovata (d'Orbigny) 55. Elohidium minutum (Reussl F R R F F F F F R R R F F F F F F F F F F F 56. Valvulineria cf. V. menloensis Rau 57. Dentalina cocoaensis (Cushman) 58. Lenticulina crassa (d'Orbigny) 59. Nonion planatum Cushman and Thomas . 60. • ‘arqinul ina adunca (Costa) F F ft R R R F F C C ft R F F F R R F F .51. Globulina sp. 62. Lenticulina welchi (Church) 63. Pseudonodosaria inflate (Bornemann) 64. Dentalina jacksonensis Cushman and Applin 6 5. Harq i nu1i na spp. inr" R' r F R ft F F F F "IT " ' F R F F R 6 6. ftiectofrondicu1 aria gracilis Smith 67. Sigmomorohina schenckl Cushman and Schenck 6 8. Frondicu1 aria sp. 69. Karreriella washinqtonens1s Rau 70. Nodos a r i a s d . f t F R R F F F R R 1 7 1. 3o1> v i na spp. 72. Cibicides haydoni (Cushman and Schenck) 73. Fissurina sp. 74. Fursenkoine hobsoni (Seek) 75. '.uttulina irreqularis (d'Orbiany) F F R R R 1 I 76. Guttulina cf. G orientalis Cushman and Ozawa 77. Laqena costata (Williamson) 78. Laqena vulgarfs Williamson 79. Nodosaria oyrula d'Orbiqny 30. Plectofrondicularia soo. F R R F R R 1 F F 1 j 3). P1ectofrondicu1aria vaughanl Cushman 82. Polymorphina sp. 33. Sti1ostome 11 a soo. 34. Fursenkoina bramletti (Galloway and ’ 4orrey) 35. Guttulina problem* d ’Orbiqny R R R F R F F R R F F F R F R i R I 36. Laqena hexagon* {-4 i ) 1 i ams on J 37. P1ectofrondicu1 aria oregonensis Cushman 38. P1ectofrondicu1 ariavokesi Cushman Stewart and Stewart 39. Dyocibicides perforata Cushman and Valentine 90. HarqinuMna alazaensis Rau R R F R R f t •Jl. Pseudonodosari a conica (Neugeboren) 92. Dentalina dusenburyi Beck 93 . Gy ro i d i na s pp. 94. Cyclogyra bryamensis (Cushman) 95. Gaudryina alazaensis Cushman F F R F R F 96. Solivina scabrata Cushman and Bermudez 97. Dentalina spinosa d'Orbigny 98. Elph i d i um sp. 99. G1obobu1imiea sp. PLANKTIC FORAH1NIFERA -130. 0 1 ob i der i n a sdb. F F F F F F F' F F F F F R F ( 101. Ps eudonjl t i ger i n a rricra (Cole) ASSOCIATED ORGAN ISHS 192. D i a toms 103. Echinofd spines 104. Heqafossil fragments 105. Ostracods F R f t F F F R F C R F R F F R F F F R F f t R F F F A F F F F F F F F ft F F F R F R F F F F F F R F R 1 F F | 107. Radiolarians 1 08 . Geodi tes 109 . Fish debris F F F R F F F F R F F F F F F F r F F F F R R A F R C F"T----- 'P p t A F 1 F F , 171 Figure 27. Stratigraphic column and biostratigraphic zonation of the Texaco Cooper Mountain well. The Cooper Mountain well is located on the southeast limb of the outcropping middle Tertiary marine formations of northwestern Oregon. Lithology (col. 1), selected lithic components (col. 2), and formations (col. 3) are graphically illustrated. Detailed logs and de scriptions of the drill cuttings and cores from this well are by Newton (1969). The reader is referred to the published report for further information. Thirty- eight samples were examined from this well (col. 1). Benthic foraminiferal assemblages (Table 5) are assigned to the California late Narizian, Amphimor- phina jenkinsi Zone (samples 4404 to 2435), the late Refugian, Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone (samples 2206 to 1440) and the Zemorrian Stage (samples 1381 to 1082) (cols. 4 to 6), and the Washington Buiimina schencki-Plectofrondicularia cf. J?. jenkinsi (samples 4404 to 2435), Sigmomorphina schencki (samples 2206 to 1980), Cassidulina galvinensis (samples 1984 to 1082), and Pseudoglandulina cf. _P. inflata (samples 1381 to 1082) Zones (col. 7). Interpretation of the benthic foraminiferal assemblages using the modified zonal scheme of this paper (col. 8) suggests the presence of the late Narizian, neritic facies (samples 4404 to 2435), the Refugian, neritic facies (samples 2206 to 1381), and the Zemorrian Stage (samples 1381 to 1082). Interpretations based on benthic forami- nifers (cols. 4 to 9) differ from thO published interpretation (col. 3, Thoms, 1969) because of the better assemblages used in the study. Planktic foraminifers (Table 5) are diagnostic of zones P10 to P20, middle Eocene or younger (col. 9; R. Z. Poore, personal commun., 1976). 172 ez. i DEPTH IN FEET I M i I N 1J IS3 o o 1 11 111 11 II1 11 ............. ! 1 1 !! ro l"J r \ > go SI ( 3 m cd I— CD i — -a m DO GLAUtONITE MIGA PYRITE GLASS SHARDS VOLCANIC u ndiff■ L. EOCENE - M. OLIGOCENE SEDIMENTS COWLITZ-NESTUCCA FORMATIONS UPPER ULATISIAN VO O m2 VO CO STAGE NARIZIAN AMPHIMORPHINA JENKINSI ZONE BULIMINA SCHENCKI - PLECTOFRONDICULARIA CF. P. JENKINSI ZONE LATE NARIZIAN N on / “ D o > > / r . C O z r to / o • m < to / * n C O — • — / M - o z a / O " O X m e / z - m z r / m — ■ z c o • — « / z o — z / T | s. co>/ n ^ r" / — i ....... / 3 > r * s i C D DO D O MIDDLE EOCENE OR YOUNGER ZONES P10 - P20 h v j CD TABLE 5. FAUNAL DISTRIBUTION CHART, COOPER MOUNTAIN WELL, OREGON. 174 COOPER MOUNTAIN WELL j 5 (*%• m t l M M ) f • F%* U*»» f * latttlnaftu c • Z (19*%* iM(lMft) a • a«r« ( ’ *<c»rr«ff<* » t ew « O hw «*) e. 0 9 « « : 5 S £ - 0 O 4 N CB W> 0 m m 4) m 3 « * » 9 m i l O m « m «• m <D K Mb fh. Ol M. K rft V « 0 N N -4 mm' S 2 — O O flEMTHlC FORAMINIFfftA 1. Amphimorphln* bockf Mallory 2. Soldi# hodgtl (Cushman and Schenck) 3. Sulimina sp. 4. Certtobuliaina washburnai Cushman and Schenck 5. CjMcjdes acaasteril deck F F R F R F F F F R R b. Ctbiciaes natfandi Beck 7. Cyclaaaina pacific* Beck 8. Oentalina cocoaensis (Cushaan) 9. Oentalina jacksonensis Cushaan and Applin 10. Eoonides mexicanus Cushaan F F F F F F F F F R F F F f F F r F F F F ft F F F f t R F F F F F F 11. Gaudryina alazaensis Cushaan 12. 61obocassidolina globose (Hantken) 13. Gyroidina condonl (Cushaan and Schenck) 14. Haplopnragaoides spp. 15. Lenticulina inornate (d’Orbigny) F F F F R F F F r 9 f r f F F F F F F F ft F F F F F F F F F 16. lenticutina lineolnensis (84U) 17. Nergtnulina exina Neugeboren 18. Nodosaria latejugata Gunbel 19. Nonion planatua Cushaan and Thoaas 20. Oridorsalis cf. 0. umbonatus (Reuss) F R R F F R F f i F R 21. Praeglobobuliaina ovata (d'Orbigny) 22. Pseudgnodosaria confca (Neugeboren) 23. Pul Tenia salisburyi Stewart and Stewart 24. Bathysiphon eocenica Cushaan and Hanna 25. Bolivina sop. F F R R F F f t R f t F F F F F R 26. Caucasina schenckl (Beck) 27. G1obobu1iaina pacifica Cushaan 28. Gyroidina orbicularis planata Cushaan 29. Gyroidina soldanii d'Orbigny 30. Haroinu1ina adunca (Costal R F F F F F F F F R F R R F f t F F F F F F F F F F F F R F F F 31. Harginulina alazaensis Nuttall 32. Qu1nque1ocu1ina goodspeedi Hanna and Hanna 33. Quinqueloculina inperialis Hanna and Hanna 34. Saracenaria schencki Cushaan and Hobson 35. Textularia adalta Cushaan F F R R ft ft F R ft F F F F F j 3^. ?Uvigerina sp. 37. valvulineria jacksonensis uelcomensis Mallory 38. Valvulineria cf. V. tuaeyensis Cushaan and Siaonson 39. Cibicides spp. 40. Nodosaria longiscata d'Orbigny ft ft R ft R R F F ft 41. Nonione I 1ina appltni (Howe and Wallace) 42. Lenticulina liabosa hockleyensis (Cushaan and Applin) 43. Nodosaria spp. 44. Elphidiua ainutua (Peuss) 45. Valvulineria cf. V. menloensis Rau F F F R R F R R F F F F F F F R F F f t F F ft F F R F F F F f t R IS. Lenticulina spp. 47. 8u!iaina sculptilis lacinata Cushaan and Parker 48. Guttulina irregularis (d'Orbigny) 49. PIectofrondicularia spp. 50. Pseudonodosaria inflata (Bornewann) F R R F R F R R F F R F R F 51. Uvigenna cocoaensis species group 1 52. Lagena costata (Williaason) 53. Valvulineria willapaensis Rau 54. Cibicides elaaensts Rau 55. Globulina s p, F F F F F F F R F F R F F F F j 56. P1 ectofrondicu1 ar1 a packardi Cushaan and 5chenck 57. Uvigerina spp. [ 58. Bathysiphon spp. 59. Caucasina eocaenica kaachatica Serova 60. Guttulina hantkeni Cushaan and Ozawa R F R R F f t f t a 1 61. Guttulina probleaa d'drbigny 1 62. Lagena hexagona (Williaason) 1 63. Lenticulina budensis (Hantken) | 64. Oyocibicides perforata Cushaan and Valentine j 65. karrerjella washinotonensis Rau f t R f t ft F I 6 6. Robertma wash i ng tonen s i s ileck 67. Lenticulina crassa (d'Orbigny) 6 8. Buccella eansfeldl oregonensis (Cushaan, Stewart and Stewart) 69. Quinque1ocu11na spp. 70. Buliminella bassendorfensiS Cushaan and Parker ' * .... ft F R R F F F 71. Cassidulina galvinensis Cushaan and Frizzell 72. ’Eponides sp. 73. Nonionella cf. N. costifera (Cushaan) 74. Non i one 11 a sp. i 75. Bolivina aarginata Cushaan F F R ft ft 76. ’Cassidulina pulchella d'Orbigny 1 77. Gyroidina spp. 78. Eponfdes cf. E. aexfeanus Cushaan 79. fursenkotna braaletti (Galloway and Horrey) 1 planktic foraminifer* 80. Globioerina cf. G. tripartita Koch ft F F R F 81. S 1oborot«\o^dos 4ff. 6 . suttrt Solll 82. Globlgerina spp. j 83. Pseudohastlgarina alcra (Colt) ! ASSOCIATED ORGAN I SMS I 84. Echinoid spinas 85. Meoafossil fragments R F f t ft F F F F F i F ft ft ft F F F R F F F R F F R F F F F ft F F F F 1 &6 . Rad^oiarians j 87. Qstraceds 38. Oi*tarns j 89. f isn debris i 90. Geod 1 tei F F F F F F F F ft F R F F R F F R R R ft R r a R F R F R ft F F F S' F ft 91. S H 1 ceous molds F F F ft F 175 Figure 28. Stratigraphic column and biostratigraphic zonation of the Wolf Creek section, northwestern Oregon. The Wolf Creek section is compiled from 178 samples (col. 1) taken along the Sunset Highway (U.S. 26), Oregon. Three formations are represented (col. 3). Lithology (col. 1) and selected lithic compo nents (col. 2) indicate the abundance of siltstones, glass shards, mica, and volcanic debris. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages (Table 6) are diagnostic of the California late Narizian, Amphi- morphina jenkinsi Zone (samples UOC 2 to UOC 9)/ the early Refugian, Cibicides haydoni Subzone (sample UOC 10), Uvigerina atwilli Subzone (samples UOC 10 to B0081), and the late Refugian, Uvigerina vicksburg- ensis Zone (samples UOC 10 to B0083) (cols. 4 to 6). Three zones of the Washington zonal scheme (col. 7) are recognized: Bulimina schencki-Plectofrondicularia cf. P. jenkinsi (samples UOC 1 to B0083), Sigmomor- phina schencki (samples UOC 10 to 13-2), and Cassidu lina galvinensis (samples UOC 13-3 to B0083) Zones. Interpretation of the benthic foraminiferal assem blages using the modified zonal scheme of this paper (col. 9) suggests the presence of the late Narizian neritic facies (samples UOC 2 to B0078), the early Refugian neritic facies (samples UOC 1 and UOC 10 to UOC 13-2), and the late undifferentiated neritic and bathyal facies (samples UOC 13-3 to B0083). Planktic foraminiferal assemblages (Table 6) suggest assign ment of samples UOC 1 to UOC 3 to the middle Eocene or younger, zones P10-P20 and samples B0067 to UOC 15 to the late Eocene, zones P15 to P17 (col. 10; R. Z. Poore, personal commun., 1976). 176 177 T FEET !=]; u li■L.X T * > c I I I I I I ? I ? I ; 11 * i 1 1 1 i I , ? l 11! 1 * 1 i i 1 1 ' i 11 l l^ l1 1 11 !**; ^ 1 r*! J v _ c c c c C C o O KDO c e o o o n c n tg o i> n n e o e c c c o o r> n ,o eo 3( 5 o > o O o o o k O «.o o «*k n o ^ n n n C D IC o I'OCOOD'-coro ^ V • * • m o O « • HO lotnr-r-H- C D B BHgg I < c S B in O v X C O O O o O Ot ' 5*0 * O O o O C0~r-O ► * M M 00 O-riOO W N j O P IQ Q 'rj ( 0 1 ro / COWLITZ FORMATION NARIZIAN AMPHIMORPHINA JENKINSI ZONE ? NARIZIAN ? AMPHIMORPHINA JENKINSI ZONE BULIMINA SCHENCKI-PLECTOFRONDICULARIA CF. P, JENKINSI ZONE LATE NARIZIAN i i i i m GLAUcOnITE MICA PYRITE GLASS SHARDS VOLCANICS PITTSBURG BLUFF FM. KEASEY FORMATION UVIGERINA VICKSBURGENSIS ZONE .ATWILL] C.GALVINENSIS S. SCHENCKI ZONE U) ti to -com N ■H’ V MIDDLE EOCENE OR YOUNGER ZONES P10 - P20 LATE EOCENE ZONES P15 - P17 i TABLE 6. FAUNAL DISTRIBUTION CHART, WOLF CREEK SECTION, OREGON. 178 WOLF CREEK SECTION V ' {» It ) ► C — I*• (»t-IC • Pm* (f»tt • lir« ( \ !»«<<»♦») BENTHIC FOKAMINIfERA 1. Boldla hodgei (Cushman end Schenck) 2. C ibicides elaeensis Rtu 3. C ibicides haydoni (Cushaan and Schenck) 4. Eponides aexicenus (Cushaan) 5. Globobulinina Pacifica Cushman Globocass id u lin e g lo b o sa (H a n tke n J U n t l c u l l n i crassa Id'O rblgny) , l e n tic u lin a spp. Rodosaria spp. Pseudonodosaria i n fla te (Sorneaann) r f c c f c m C A A A I I R c c A C A C A C A A F F F F F A C A C F C C A F C A AASj fl AAAC H !F F F G uttulina irr e g u la ris ( d ’ Orbigny) Heplophregaoides spp 15, A a fr e r lel l a washlngtgn.enAis Rau F C F c fI f A C P R f F F F C C F I t n t i culine inornata (d'Orbigny) Helonis sp. Nonionelline a p p lin i (Howe and Wallace) P1ecto fro n d icu la ria packardi Cushman and Schenck PIecto f rond i cula Pultenia Salisbury! Stewart and Stewart Guttulina frankei Cushman and Ozawa Gyroidina soldanii d ’ Orbigny lagena vulg aris Williamson 25. harginulin a Subbullata 0< Mallory 26. Alabamina kernensis 27. Anomalina c a lifo rn ie n s is Cushman and Hobson 28. CeratcbulImina washburnei Cushman and Schenck 29. G uttulina problems d ’ Orbigny lagena c f. I. costata (Williamson) i 1! Len: t cul i na c f . pseudorotulat a (Asano) 32. Harginulina alazaensis NuttaU 33. Praeglobobulimina pupoides (d'Orbigny) 34. Pseudonodosaria conica (Neugeboren) 35. Siomomorphlna schencli Cushman and Ozawa Cyclasnmina p a cifica Beck ju tt u l tn a hantkeni Cushman and Ozawa Guttulina spp. Le nticu lina liebosa hockleyensis (Cushman and Applin) Cibicides natlandi Beck Glandulina laevigata (d'Orbigny} Globulina sp. Lenticu lina welchi (Church) Harginulina adunca (Costa) T $ . notion plana turn Cushman- and T'K'o 47. S t i 1ostome 11 a lepidula (Schvage ib. ?Uv i ger ina. sp. 43. Air,;nod t scus in te rtu s (d'O rbigny) frO. Bath 5 1 . Trochammina g 1o b ig e rin ifo rm is (Parker and Jones) Sathys'pr.on eocenica Cushman and Hanna Cyclanmina spp. Oorothta sp. fe hodgei Cushman and Schenck 56. D e n t i n a cor oa'er.s4 s "(Tush 57. Dentclina communis (d'Orbigny) 58. Oentalina dosenburyi Beck 53. Oyoc’ fcicides perforata Cushman and Valentine 60, Ga^d.-yin* alazaensis Cushman F F R R R condon i (Cushman and"Schenck) te nM culioa chehc 1 i sens i > (Rau) Lenticu lina 1in co1nen«is (Rau) le n tic u lin a we-avftr i Beck .Nodosaria lor.oiscata d'Orbiqny___________ ~tf. M . c *o f-o nd icu1aria g r a c ilis Smith 67. Qu irgue'.ocu 1 ina joodspeedi Hann* and Hanna 68. Qu inque locuH na im p erial!* Hanna and Hanna 69. St llostewel la -adolphina ( d ’ Orbigny) 70. Velvu! in e rla in vo lu t e Cushman and Ousrnburrl 71. Va I vuT i ner ia cf. V. menloensis P.au Caucasina schencki (Beck) C ib ic id ;* !o b * t " , <* (Walker and Jacob) Cercslina c f. 0. ob I iquisuturata (Stac Lagena ccs ta t a (Williamson) he) — rrr~R7 gi nu ll no mconsptcua Hus sty 77. Saracenaria hantken) (Cushman) 78. 5 ti iustome 11 a advena (Cushman, and Laiaing) 79. lagena oe cii S u lliva n- BO. l e n tic u lin a tesana (Cushaan and Applin) Rarginulina sp. of F airc h ild and others 82. Nodosaria pyrula d'Orbigny 83. Vaginulinopsis sublituus ( N u tta ll) 84. Bud*shevael1 a multicameratus ( Vo Ioshinova) 85. rursenkoina brasilettl (Galloway ar.d Horrev) eo i i v i r»'. spp. Bulimina s c u l p t i l is lacinata Cushman and Parker Lagena hexagon* ( wi11icmson ) Uvigerina cocoaensis species group Uvigerina spp. ’ &yruT<*(na orkfcuTarls” pianata Cushaan Pyrulin * cylind ro id es (Roemer) Boliv ina k l e in p e lli Beck Quinqueloculina weaver! Rau Bo livin a jacksonensis s t r i a t e l la Cushman and Applin Cyclugyra byrauensis (.Cushman)"* Oiscorbis sp. Saracenaria schenckl Cushman and Hobson Textularia adalta Cushman Pyiulina fu siform ls (Roemer) Koeqlurdina eocenica (Cushman and Hanna) Guttulina c f. G. o r ie n ta lis Cushman and Ozawa Chi lo^tomella cylind ro id es Reuss f.*rser.)-oina hobsoni Beck P’ ec to f rond i cu 1 eri • packardi e.ul t i l ineata Cushman and Simonson Frondicu1aria so. 110. aoena sem istriata Williamson_____________________ .. l i i r ^ O r ’ dorsal is umbonat.js (Reuss) Polymc—phinc sp. PyrulIna sp. fiobertina washingtonensis Beck T r lfs rtn a hannat Beck _____________ __________ PLANKTIC FORAHIRIFIRA 116. Globigerinatheka index tr o p ic a lis (Bio 117. Globigerina spp.. 116. ?t»lobigerinetheka sp. 119. ?61oborota1oides sp. i n i n l i u If? : 172. Globigertn ASSOCIATED ORGANISMS 123. 174. Cchinoid spin Fish dcbri s Radiolarians Geodites 177. Ostracods 126. Oiatoms 129. Megafossil fragments 130. Sronqe. spicules m T H F ^ 2 _ Ta a a a a c f f 179 I Figure 29. Stratigraphic column and biostratigraphic zonation of the Castor Creek section, Oregon. Out crops along Castor Creek, a tributary of the Nehalem River, southeast of the Sunset Highway (Wolf Creek section) contain fossiliferous strata typical of the upper Cowlitz Formation (col. 3). Lithologic studies by Van Atta (1971) indicate the section is composed principally of siltstone with some sandstone inter beds (col. 1). Glauconite and volcanic debris are common (col. 2). Seventeen samples were examined from this section (col. 1). Benthic foraminiferal assemblages (Table 7) are diagnostic of the California late Narizian, Amphimor- phina jenkinsi Zone (cols. 4 and 5) and the Washing ton Bulimina schencki-Plectofrondicularia cf. P. jenkinsi (samples VA142 to B0090), Sigmomorphina schencki (samples VA143A to B0090), and Cassidulina galvinensis (samples VA142 to VA143D) Zones (col. 6). Assemblages from samples VA143D to VA143K are also diagnostic of the California, Bulimina corrugata Zone. Interpretation of the benthic foraminiferal assemblages using the modified zonal scheme of this paper (col. 1) suggests the presence of the late Narizian neritic (samples VA142 to VA143C and VA145 to B0090) and bathyal (samples VA143D to VA143K) facies. Planktic foraminifers are absent. 180 181 FEET co co CO A C O o o t-* • — 1 0 -c» -e» ^ o GLAUCONITE MICA PYRITE GLASS SHARDS VOLCANIC COWLITZ FORMATION STAGE NARIZIAN n AMPHIMORPHINA JENKINSI ZONE a o N l m < n ( — f~ - < ~a BULIMINA SCHENCKI PLECTOFRONDICULARIA CF.P. JENKINSI ZONE C O > N t O SIGMOMORPHINA SCHENCKI ZONE w ~n w -l o m > 3 3 Z C J > —I m 3 a: o~> - — ■ o LATE NARIZIAN TABLE 7. FAUNAL DISTRIBUTION CHART, CASTOR CREEK SECTION, OREGON. 182 C A S T O R C R E E K S E C T I O N K«y: A * Abundant (>50 spcclaans) C • Common (2 0 -5 0 j p n c l n n n i ) fmm (2 -1 9 t p i c l M i i i ) K a r* (1 i p t c l a t n ) Quastlonabla m «c oo <_) o cxj n co co co *C •« «t «t co CO CO n lo » w co cm o o o ■ t C O O O o o o o co co BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA Alabamina kernensis Smith Bolivina s p p . Caucasina schencki (Beck) Elphidium cf. E. texana (Cushman and Applin) Globocassidulinaglobosa (Hantken) Orbi any 1 r . Guttulina i rregular! s (d'Orb i gny J 7. Fursenkoina bramletti (Galloway and Morrey) 8. Lenticulina inornata (d'Orbigny) 9. Lenticulina welchi (Church) 10. Nodosaria lonqiscata d'Orbigny 11. Non i one 11i na a pplini (Howe and Wallace) 12. Plectofrondicularia gracilis Smith 13. Praeg1obobu1imina ovata (d'Orbigny) 14. Textularia adalta Cushman 15. Vaoinu1inopsis saundersi (Hanna and Hanna) r FRF F F _ T S " 17. 18 19. 20 . Bolivina scabra ta Cus hman and Bermudez Bulimina microcostata Cushman and Parker Boldia hodgei (Cushman and Schenck) Cyclammina pacifica Beck Fursenkoina hobsoni (Beck) A F A F R F A F R 21. Gyroidina soldanii d Orbigny 22. Lenticulina 1 imbosa hockleyensis (Cushman and Applin) 23. Lenticulina texana (Cushman and Applin) 24. Nodosaria cf. N. pyrula d'Orbigny 25. Nodosaria spp. 26. M a n u l a r i a markleyana Chu rch 27. Plectofrondicularia packardi Cushman and Schenck 28. Plectofrondicularia vokesi Cushman, Stewart and Stewart 29. Spiro1oculina texana Cushman and Ellisor 30. Sti1ostomel1 a spp R R F 3 1 . Uvigerina garzaensis Cushman and Siegfus 32. Valvulineria jacksonensis welcomensis Mallory 33. Valvulineria tumeyensis Cushman and Simonson 34. Plectofrondicularia cf. P. oregonensis Stewart and Stewart 35. Bolivina qardnerae Cushman F F 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. tr 42. 43. 44. 45. Praeglobobulimina pupoides ( d 'Orbigny) Buiimina spp. Dentalina communis (d'Orbigny) Lenticulina spp. Dentalina cocoaensis (Cushman) s Nuttall F F R F F Marginulina alazaensi s Nuttal Globobulimina pacifica Cushman Quinqueloculina spp. Cibicides sp. ?Nonion sp. 46. Pu11en i a sa 1i sbury i Stewart and Stewart 47. Robertina washingtonensis Beck 48. Cibicides natlandi Beck 49. Guttulina problema d'Orbigny 50. Lagena hexagona (Williamson)____________ R F R F ASSOCIATED ORGANISMS 51. Diatoms 52. Radiolarians 53. Sponge spicules 54. Ec hi no i d spines 55. Fish debri_____ A A C F F A A C F F C F F F F F F F F F A F A C F A C F F F C C F F F R F C C R C C R F R F F F A F 56. Megafossil fragments 57. Ostracods 58. Geodites 183 Figure 30. Stratigraphic column and biostratigraphic zonation of the Rock Creek section, northwestern Oregon. The Rock Creek section is compiled from 91 samples (col. 1) from strata exposed along Rock Creek, Oregon. Three formations are represented (col. 3). Lithology (col. 1) and selected lithic constituents (col. 2) indicate the abundance of mica, glass shards, glauconite, pyrite, and volcanic debris. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages (Table 8) are diagnostic of the California Narizian Bulimina corrugata (samples KAM 1015 to 1008) and Amphimor- phina jenkinsi (samples KAM 252 to 1005) Zones, the Refugian Cibicides haydoni Subzone (samples KAM 1007 to 1038) and Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone (samples KAM 248 to 1070) (cols. 4, 5, and 6) and the Washing ton Uvigerina cf. U_. yazooensis (samples KAM 252 to 10 08), Bulimina schencki-Plectofrondicularia cf. I?. jenkinsi (samples KAM 252 to 1070), ?Sigmomorphina schencki (samples KAM 1007 to 1070) and Cassidulina galvinensis (samples KAM 1007 to 1070) Zones (col. 7). Interpretations of the benthic foraminiferal assemblages using the modified zonal scheme of this paper (col. 8) suggests the presence of the late Narizian neritic (samples KAM 252 to 1005) and bathyal (samples 1015 to 1008) facies, the early Refugian neritic (samples KAM 1007 to 1038) and bathyal (samples KAM 248 to 244) facies and the late Refugian bathyal facies (KAM 243 to 1070). Planktic forami- nifers (Table 8) from the lower part of the section are indicative of the late Eocene zones P14 or younger whereas species in the upper part of the section suggest assignment to late Eocene zones P15 to P17 (col. 9; R. Z. Poore, personal commun., 1976). 184 S81 FEET CD CD 7: 7^ CO m c - > 7* » T'S > 7* 7* 2 2 2 2B > £ 2 2 2 3C M k —» ro tno O > —* O. ro cn M ro O CO 4* ro • cn - 0 CO ^4 0 0 MH» 1 1 1 1 OOfc—» M » —» ro 0 0 0 O O cn 4^»-»ro co CO cn a» 00 ro r\>ro»— ro«- cofs)U)Ot-‘o a o ^ J O C 1 1 1010 rororo r ro ro o **o c o c n cn Glauconite mica PVRITE GLASS SHARDS VOLCANICS KEASEY FORMATION LATE REFUGIAN NARIZ. EARLY REFUGIAN NOW rsi m CIBICIDES HAYDONI SUBZONE UVIGERINA JVICKSBURGENSI$ ZONE ~r 3 » M CZ O ■ o o ? SIGMOMORPHINA SCHENCKI ZONE CASSIDULINA GALVINENSIS ZONE BULIMINA SCHENCKI-PLECTOFRONDICULARIA CF. P. JENKINSI ZONE § E r > j —1 EARLY REFUGIAN LATE EOCENE ZONES P M OR YOUNGER N-ntB o o m z z o z 1 3 » - t » 3 I o LATE EOCENE ZONES P15-P17 NT1T) O O P ~ Z3)> > z “ O 3 s. cn 3 > “ O TABLE 8. FAUNAL DISTRIBUTION CHART, ROCK CREEK SECTION, OREGON. 186 01 Oi »v:« 012 XV* in xv< in XV* - "« - « - - . - - - - - - - ** o-- HZ xv* on xv* 122 XV* it0! XV* - ' -o " * “• - - - - “ * « * -1 **01 XV* **0t XVI 0»0t XVI !»0l XVI .' - k « : - - « :i - : * w> -1 « - 612 XV* St 2 XVI t\z «*■* St 2 XV * — 1 . ^ . . . ....« “ k k 222 «v* C22 XVI ♦22 xvi ill XVI a . « ill Ml 8C2 XV* I>2 XVV 2*2 XV* - * « <* -1 . - « - <« aa « - — 1« k K ( X et u. ‘ k - --- -«- “k »*2 xv* 9*2 XVI 922 XV* III xvv - k '— «L- “ r ~ « « • - . « k 62 2 XV* 191 XVI 9*2 XV* ZZ7 XV* IC2 XVI - “ - “■ - “ Cf2 XV * ttz XVI 6C2 XV> Ct2 XV* : " “ “ _ - - : “o 1 : - - “ k - - 1 u. < ^ -1 -1 9ZZ XV* 922 XV* 192 XV> c:-2 xv> 6*2 XV* "i u :: < “ “ ii : I “ 111 - a - “ c « 2 <U. V - - -11 ^ k 1---e:T-;-.r 8CO! XVv *£G! Xvi" IfCt *v* — ■ ”■ ■ - .. J , -- - "i i ■■v - “• “■ “■ “ ' k - OCQt XV* #C0*V XV* c-o; x?* SCOT XV* ! 1 1 - - = » kk. \ “i * “■ - “ - - 0 6 : r 1 11 - “■ x . c2C! XV * 8201 XV. .2201 XVi 6tor xv» B!Ot XV* «*. *i - “““ r i “ I I « i - k U- u - 11-1 -l-“ k “ -li HOi XV. 91 or xv* s*xr xv > *201 XVi £20.1 XV < - « 5" ■ i 1 <* la “ 1 “ 1 - u«- ““ " -- . ‘o - * 2201 Hv 4 WO! XV C2H XV* <001 XV* 1 V00! XV* - I" 2 : : - “ - - -1 • * - “ * <-i«: * ■ “ «oor;v ■ 600! XV* 010! XV. HOI XV* 2!&t XVn I i- “ 2 « ‘ r 1 “ “ -11 o- - Ill la“ll - « “ -li-u c:w kU. < 1 - r 1 (toi xv* ViOt KV* 9101 XV' 4 Slot XVJ tool KVV “ * ----- . * I- ro OTBV-r" 200! Nv* toot XV* *S2 xsr* 29? XV* « - < - < « - - - “ « « « ao« 1 — -11 JWqBRH »|4*V( i i 6 s- S “ p ;: o Ui l i s !: : j 1 I j -A I « II . Ii =2 i m ! i l l 1 SSSS? 2 II ~s zz 1 1 1 ! |i! i £51H I U - J kill it i % i? rs zz H - i ! SSH ; ZS..Z H s i l Illll j ■" _ I L i =iii= IMk iffil ZZZZ.t h h z I l l l l 232 — ! ~ S 2 I J H I IIM P l s r tt2— ; ‘I ill II ill illll i l l l l H i s s 5 >. 1 S. A l . z m H i l l I l l l l sssss 1 H I H i : ; SS13> zz°zz i n : : m u 2 sill si::;? ;] 1 S I J . I I I I ! : -.An | | i ! 1 iti K i l l iszzr. SS2S5 I 1 s L i :ir ^ c L i l i l l 1 3 f i l l r p n l i IK “1151 i J i l i z z z % Z Z 1 . f s i L H i l l Illll j j i n i i? ; s Jh J P l s l l l l ; ■ : ■ ■ ■ SS2 2-: Islli M l Illll siszl mu £ ; ; » 3 S 'I- P i . | j 1 1 : 1 ! I l l f l iilzl ma H i ! ! • .i n P i i I H I . s-£5s I illl lllli sisss ! P I 1 : l ! J U l I P I i I l l s ! “• „J2 S 33 =2 i m i ii= ~ tidii i l 1 ! ! 2 ZZ 3 — H i t i l l ! 5 s - * - ; _32r; am l m I l l l l ! : • i M = 51! i i l l l ? d i i 1 1 ; 1 1 l i r “ I S i i l l H i s . : £ 1 1 5 ; s s s s i s 1 1 5 2 III r ; S £ Is: 1 II! - 5 = ! « ] ?; s ?; III SSSS2 ! : f i ? z H - H i 2 -S. 1 1-1 1 lit J sss Hin i i l l l II!!! idszi 1 I I 1 - ! l i - • K 1 ’i ! ■ ; « i i i j m u mu I s . 1 i : 5 1 - .2*- I I P I I f t J I i H is P i l l S S S ? i | L o_ S3 -3 f l l r : i i i i I l l l l i s s s s \ - i I i * ! ■ = ijs p H l; 1 1 5 1 5 am Is f W i l l i i H l s l P P J J S o u o h i :iiir !S!I j i i l l 3 H : | Illll Il l s ! ! o I ,S i ?| I if! 1 =!« sssls P i p ! l I ! 1 h i L i - S3? ? S i l l i i m u l~55! 1 * I I 5- :i li j! lull i££2 ! 111£5 Isss:: ! j i i i 3 H " ? i:i p s j?r ; S . .32 S 1° H i l l I I P ! iiiii ; s ; 1 2 1 _.; j" ilts: I W - Illll H * ii m u H i s s s r ! . II -3 - > ; 5 Is*: ;: ,s* ill-: 3SSS2 m u iiiit 1 1 i ! W j ;"il 1 1 Iilll klU mu kki H s s s ! li I; 3 S3 i2 1 1 11 L : S2us i l l l l i l l l l am I | | J . i l I r s l 1 1 S?.232 1 u , ; 3 j 5 3; ii 3 ..i ! H £ ‘ i i l l l H ! 5 i iiiiz J : 5 I I 1 1 \ I u i i; | | ! s - 1 i sss: 1 I liii i 1 1 1 ] . : S n 5? ZZ-- £ i ! l I s L i H i z I ll s ? : : l l ! S JSS = S.3S.S.S lliif SH==i i l N ! = iilll ss.° =1 33S S3 I I I H s s s 3 I I I is! S-3S2 m m n SS“SU i i i h Illll SS|SS iliii 33533 sssss III 22 2 ss£ 22 ° S S3 !! 5 ll~ 33 2 SSS H 3 sss hi 2SS?i am s 1 187 Figure 31. Stratigraphic column and biostratigraphic zonation of the Willapa River section, southwestern Washington. One hundred and ninety-three samples were examined from the Willapa River section (col. 1) which begins in the lower Lincoln Creek Formation and ends still within the Lincoln Creek Formation (col. 3). This section consists of gray fine-grained siltstones (col. 1) with common glauconite, mica, pyrite, and glass shards (col. 2). Benthic foraminiferal assemblages from this section (Table 9) are indicative of the California late Narizian, Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone (samples UOC 116 to UOC 76-18), the late Refugian, Uvigerina vicksburqensis Zone (samples UOC 10 6A to UOC 7 601) and the Zemorrian Stage (samples UOC 76-27 to 7601) (cols. 4, 5, and 6) and the Washington Bulimina schencki-Plectofrondicularia cf. P^. jenkinsi (samples UOC 116 to 76-8), Sigmomorphina schencki (samples UOC 116 to UOC 7 6-1), and Cassidulina galvinensis (samples UOC 116 to 76-1) Zones (col. 7). Interpre tation of the benthic foraminiferal assemblages using the modified zonal scheme of this paper (col. 8) suggests the presence of the bathyal facies of the late Narizian (samples UOC 116 to UOC 108), early Refugian (samples UOC 106A to 103-4), late Refugian (samples UOC 82-2 to 36-26), and Zemorrian (samples UOC 76-27 to 76-1) Stages. Planktic foraminifera (Table 9) are diagnostic of the late Eocene zones P15-P16 (samples UOC 110-1 to 109-9) and late Eocene- early Oligocene Zones P17-P20 (samples UOC 76-16 to 76-1, col. 9; R. Z. Poore, personal commun., 1976). 188 J FEET j! ! ! ! ! > ! i W O IDV ■■ ■ Ml ■ ■ ■ M l COWLITZ FORMATION glauCoN FTE M I C A P Y R I T E GLASS SHARDS VOLCANIC LINCOLN CREEK FORMATION LATE NARIZIAN LATE REFUGIAN AMPHIMORPHINA JENKINSI ZONE UVIGERINA VICKSBURGENSIS ZONE BULIMINA SCHENCKI - PLECTOFRONDICULARIA CF. P. JENKINSI ZONE SIGMOMORPHINA SCHENCKI ZONE CASSIDULINA GALVINENSIS ZONE LATE NARIZIAN EARLY REFUGIAN LATE REFUGIAN m n a - a aa LATE EOCENE ZONES P15 - P16 00 30 ( / > HOD -tom >20 3 ■ o N r m *-o - - >421710 m or 00 VO TABLE 9. FAUNAL DISTRIBUTION CHART, WILLAPA RIVER SECTION, WASHINGTON. 190 7 ? ~ ggSSoSoSSoSg 22 = 111=111 777 SS SS22S SS S l l l l l l l l l l l l 2 22 1=1=1! = = sssssssss 111=1111 5SSSS 1 1 1 222 222 1 1 1 1 1 1 = = = = = = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t : ' - S i s a s - giSii bl.jir?nWormli „,ld Jo n mmi f f l ' r : £ ! ’ ; „ r c r h , r ^a '.u 1 t' ^jme ro t""1 1 ( VoTo^M "o,il~ ) i S E r f r f f i i « : s r i r U l T i * IIS: “ } - 4 r e i ” e L " n : S K ' ! " , ; ! . , . , ! , 1 3u iminj alsaticd Cushman and Parker i T . a n i s ’ a a . n s c g i —' " ■ I : i l i i S i t H .s:, 191 Figure 32. Stratigraphic column and biostratigraphic zonation of the Beaver Creek section, Oregon. The accurate band of marine middle Tertiary formations continues to crop out along the coast south and west of Portland, Oregon. The Beaver Creek section (also sampled by Warren and others, 1945) includes seven samples from strata of the Keasey and Pittsburg Bluff Formations (cols. 1 and 3). Although very weathered, samples KAM 271-275 contain common mica and glass shards in a clay matrix, typical of the Keasey Forma tion (col. 2). The sample KAM 277, stratigraphically higher in the section, is a fine-grained clean quartz sand. These fine sands are interbedded with thin sandy siltstone beds (KAM 276A, B). The benthic foraminiferal faunas are composed entirely of agglutinated species (Table 10). The assemblages in samples KAM 271 and KAM 27 2 are diag nostic of the California late Narizian, Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone (cols. 4 and 5) and the Washington Cassidulina galvinensis Zone (col. 7). Interpretation of the benthic foraminiferal assemblages using the modified zonal scheme of this paper (col. 8) suggests the presence of the late Narizian bathyal facies. The remaining samples do not contain age-diagnostic species. Planktic foraminifers are absent. 192 193 i BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC ZONATION BEAVER CREEK SECTION WASH. ZONES RAU (1958. 1966) CALIFORNIA ZONES FORMATION THIS PAPER BENTHIC FORAM. STAGES LU CD DONNELLY (1976) MALLORY (1959) PITTSBURG BLUFF FM. SAMPLES KAM 277 KAM 275 1000 KAM 274 - KAM 273 800 600- 00 KAM 272 CO 00 400 M OC CD 2 < M M GC 2 0 0- Q 00 oo Q_ 100- 7 KAM 271 O 1 TABLE 10. FAUNAL DISTRIBUTION CHART, BEAVER CREEK SECTION, OREGON. , ,X . .. .... . r-------------- __ __ _--------- ---------- . • ------------------- ----- BEAVER CREEK SECTION 1 3 C Key: ■ A - Abundant (* 50 specimens) F • Few (2-19 specimens) ? ■ Questionable « / » C * C o m m o n (20-50 specimens) R ■ Rare ( 1 specimen) occurrence KAM 271 KAM 272 KAM 273 KAM 274 KAM 275 1 KAM 277 | KAM 276 BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA 1, Bathysiphon eocenica Cushman and Hanna F F F R 2. Bathysiphon sp. B F 3. Budashaevella cf. B. multicameratus (Voloshinova) F 4. Cyclammina pacifica Beck A C A 5. ?Eggere11a subconica Parr F R 6. Eggerella cf. E. elongata Blaisdell F 7. Martinottiell a communis (d'Orbginy) A C 8. Trochammina globigeriniformis (Parker and Jones) C C A 9. Bathysiphon spp. F R 10. Cyclammina spp. R ASSOCIATED ORGANISMS 11. Molds F F 12. Arenaceous unknowns F F F 13. Diatoms- pyrite F 14. Radiolarians R R 15. Sponge spicules R 16. Fish debri R 17. Megafossil fragments F ? Keys: SYMBOL S-l S —2 S-l; QO QO-1 QO—2 QO—3 QOA-1 QOA-2 FS NS SAMPLE -1 TABLE 11. REGISTER OF FOSSIL LOCALITIES SOLVENT (KEROSENE) 1 cycle 2 cycles 1 eye1e QUATERNARY-O slide, foraminifers slide, nannofossils 2 cycles LOCATION 1 cycle 1 cycle 2 cycles 3 cycles 1 cycle, strongly boiled 1 eye1e METHOD RESULT EUGENE SECTION KAM 200 KAM 201 KAM 202 KAM 203 KAM 204 KAM 205 KAM 206 T17S, R3W; collected summer 1975; north side of U.S. Highway 99; turn north on Villard Road from US 99, turn right into Black Angus Restaurant; from old quarry wall south of SE corner of building near the swimming pool and about 4 feet above ground level; Smith Quarry of older references. Same locality as above; west of SW corner of the building in quarry wall; about 8 feet above base level. T18S, R3W; collected summer 1975; take Henderson Road south of US Route 126 near Glenwood, Oregon; across the railroad tracks turn west on Judkins Road; sample taken about 1/4 mile west of Judkins-Henderson Road Intersection; south of S.P. Railroad tracks; 30 feet above tracks. Same locality as above; same bed but 20 feet west. T18S, R3W; collected summer 1975; Eugene, Oregon on east side of Jefferson St.; half way between 26th Ave. and 25th Place. A. Microfossil sample. B. Wood sample. T16S, R3W; collected summer 1975; take Coburg North Road north of Coburg, Oregon; turn east on Wilkens Road; approximately 1 mile east of 1-5 overpass is farmhouse, get permission; Lenon Hill is west of farmhouse; sample taken half way up hill on south west face. Same locality as above; 10 feet higher; 50 feet east. S-l; QO-1 S-l; QO-1 S-l; QO-1 Barren Barren FS S-l; QO-1 S-l; QO-1 S-l; QO-1 FS Barren Barren S-l; QO-1 Barren 195 o TABLE 11. REGISTER OF FOSSIL LOCALITIES— continued SAMPLE LOCATION METHOD RESULT Benson- I Clat- 1 skanie j No. 1 NEl/4, sec. 36, T7N, R4W; Columbia County, Oregon; drilled 1945; TD 5650'. QOA-2 FS 1 ! Clark and Wilson NE1/4, sec. 19, T6N, R4W; Columbia County, Oregon; drilled 1945-1946; TD 8500'. QOA-2 FS Cooper Moun tain No. 1 SEl/4, sec. 25, T1S, R2W; Columbia County, Oregon; drilled 1945-1946; TD 9263'. QOA-2 FS i WOLF CREEK SECTION B0060 NE1/4, NE1/4 Sec. 23, T3S, R5W; collected summer 1971 by John M. Armentrout; 2.5 9 miles east of Timber on the Sunset Highway in the Literock Quarry; basal exposure at west end of the Quarry, 20 feet below lowest oxidized layer; strike N75°E, dip 85°E. QOA-1 FS B0061 NEl/4, NE1/4, Sec. 23, T3N, R5W; collected summer 1971 by John M. Armentrout; same locality as B0060; 10 feet below oxidized layer; 30 feet east of B0060. QOA-1 FS B0062 NEl/4,•NE1/4, Sec. 23, T3N, R5W; collected summer 1971 by John M. Armentrout; same locality as B0060; 10 inches below oxidized layer; 170 feet east of B0060. QOA-1 FS B0063 NEl/4, NEl/4, sec. 23, T3N, R5W; collected by John M. Armentrout; same locality as B0060; 186 feet east of B0060; 3 feet above B0062; 26 inches above the oxidized layer. QOA-1 FS B0064 NEl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 23, T3N, R5W; collected summer 1971 by John M. Armentrout; same locality as B0060; 282 feet east of B0060; just below second oxidized layer. QOA-1 FS B0065 NEl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 23, T3N, R5W; collected summer 1971 by John M. Armentrout; same locality as B0060; 282 feet east of B0060; 15 inches above B0064; just above second oxidized layer. QOA-1 FS B0066 NEl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 23, T3N, R5W; collected summer 1971 by John M. Armentrout; same locality as B0060; 358 feet east of B0060. QOA-1 FS B0067 NEl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 23, T3N, R5W; collected summer 1971 by John M. Armentrout; same locality as B0060; 434 feet east of B0060; 18 inches below third concretionary and oxidized layer. QOA-1 FS B0068 NEl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 23, T3N, R5W; collected summer 1971 by John M. Armentrout; same locality as B0060; 516 feet east of B0060; 15 feet above third oxidized layer. QOA-1 FS , B0076 i NWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 14, T3N, R5W; collected summer 1971 by John M. Armentrout; 1.35 miles east of the Timber on Sunset Highway (U.S. 26); south side of the highway; at the road level. S—2 FS , B0077 i i i SWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 14, T3N, R5W; collected summer 1971 by John M. Armentrout; 1.55 miles east of the Timber on the Sunset Highway; south side of the highway; 2 feet above the road surface. S-2 FS ; B0078 SWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 14, T3N, R5W; collected summer 1971 by John M. Armentrout; 1.77 miles east of Timber on the Sunset Highway; south side of the highway; 30 feet above the road surface. S-2 FS 196 TABLE 11. REGISTER OF FOSSIL LOCALITIES— continued SAMPLE LOCATION METHOD RESULT B0079 B0080 B0081 B0082 B0083 KAM 104 KAM 105 KAM 106 KAM 107 KAM 267 UOC 1, 1-10 UOC 2, 1-4 UOC 3, 1-4 UOC 4, 1-5 UOC 5, 1 UOC 6, 1-15 NEl/4, SWl/4, Sec. 14, T3N, R5W; collected summer 1971 S-2 FS by John M. Armentrout; 2.15 miles east of Timber on the Sunset Highway; south side of the highway; south side of the highway; 6 feet above the road surface. NWl/4, SE1/4, Sec. 14, T3N, R5W; collected summer 1971 S-2 FS by John M. Armentrout; 2.27 miles east of Timber on the Sunset Highway; south side of the highway; 15 feet above the road surface. NWl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 14, T3N, R5W; collected summer 1971 S-2 FS by John M. Armentrout; 2.5 miles east of Timber on the Sunset Highway; north side of the highway; 6 feet above the road surface. NWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 24, T3N, R5W; collected summer 1971 S-2 FS by John M. Armentrout; 3.25 miles east of Timber on the Sunset Highway; 100 feet west of the west end of tunnel; 10 feet above road surface on north side of road. NWl/4, SEl/4, sec. 24, T3N, R5W; collected summer 1971 S-2 FS by John M. Armentrout; 3.45 miles east of Timber on the Sunset Highway; 15 0 feet east of the east end of the tunnel; 10 feet above road surface on north side of road. NEl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 23, T3N, R5W; collected spring 1973; QOA-1 FS Lite Rock Quarry south side of Sunset Highway; 30 feet stratigraphically below second oxidized layer (see description of B0060-B0068 samples). NEl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 23, T5N, R5W; collected spring, 1973; QOA-1 FS same locality as KAM 104; 20 feet stratigraphically below second oxidized layer. NEl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 23, T5N, R5W; collected spring 1973; QOA-1 FS same locality as KAM 104; 10 feet stratigraphically below second oxidized layer. NEl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 23, T5N, R5W; collected spring 1973; QOA-1 FS same locality as KAM 104; just below second oxidized layer; about same level as B0064. SWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 10, T3N, R5W; collected summer 1973; in stream bed nearly under first bridge east of the Timber junction on the Sunset Highway (U.S. 26); 267A - 1 1/2 feet below prominent sand bed S 267B - just below the same sand bed S 267C - sand bed S 267D - 15 inches above same sand bed S NWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 9, T3N, R5W; south side of Sunset QOA-1 Highway; 10 samples. SEl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 9, T3N, R5W; south side of Sunset QOA-1 Highway; 4 samples. SWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 10, T3N, R5W; south side of Sunset QOA-1 Highway; east of bridge over Nehalem River; 4 samples. NWl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 10, T3N, R5W; south side of Sunset QOA-1 FS Highway; 5 samples. NWl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 10, T3N, R5W; south side of Sunset QOA-1 FS Highway; east end of outcrop in UOC 4, 1-5 samples; 1 sample. SEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 10, T3N, R5W; south side of Sunset QOA-1 FS Highway; 15 samples. FS FS Barren FS FS FS FS 197 TABLE 11. REGISTER OF FOSSIL LOCALITIES— continued SAMPLE LOCATION METHOD RESULT UOC 7, NWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 14, T3N, R5W; south side of Sunset QOA-1 FS 1-3 Highway; 3 samples. UOC 8, SWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 14, T3N, R5W; south side of Sunset QOA-1 FS 1-20 Highway; 20 samples. UOC 9, SWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 14, T3N, R5W; south side of Sunset QOA-1 FS 1-10 Highway; 10 samples. UOC 10, NEl/4, SWl/4, Sec. 14, T3N, R5W; south side of Sunset QOA-1 FS 1-3 Highway; 3 samples. UOC 11, NEl/4, SWl/4, Sec. 14, T3N, R5W; south side of Sunset QOA-1 FS 1-5 Highway; 5 samples. UOC 12, NWl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 14, T3N, R5W; south side of Sunset QOA-1 FS 1-12 Highway; 12 samples. UOC 13, NEl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 23 and NWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 24, T3N, QOA-1 FS 1-10 R5W; south side of Sunset Highway; 10 samples. UOC 14, NWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 24, T3N, R5W; south side of the Sunset QOA-1 FS 1-16 Highway; 16 samples. UOC 15, SEl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 24, T3N, R5W; north side of the Sunset QOA-1 FS 1-18 Highway; 18 samples. UOC 16, NWl/4 and SEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 24, T3N, R5W; north side of QOA-1 Barren 1-7 the Sunset Highway; 7 samples. UOC 17, SEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 24, T3N, R5W; north side of the Sunset QOA-1 Barren 1 Highway; east of the Scofield Road; 1 sample. UOC 18, NEl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 25, T3N, R5W; north side of the Sunset QOA-1 Barren 1 Highway; 1 sample. UOC 19, NEl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 25, T3N, R5W; north side of the Sunset QOA-1 Barren 1-2 Highway; 2 samples. UOC 20, NWl/4, SWl/4, Sec. 30, T3N, R4W; north side of the Sunset QOA-1 Barren 1 Highway; east of embankment of the S, P, and P Railroad; 1 sample. UOC 21, NEl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 31, T3N, R4W; north side of the Sunset QOA-1 Barren 1 Highway; 1 sample. UOC 22, NEl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 31, T3N, R4W; north side of the Sunset QOA-1 Barren 1-2 Highway; 2 samples. UOC 23, NEl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 31, T3N, R4W; south side of the Sunset QOA-1 Barren 1 Highway; 1 sample. UOC 24, Center of NEl/4, Sec. 31, T3N, R4W; north side of the QOA-1 Barren 1 Sunset Highway; 1 sample. UOC 25, SWl/4, SWl/4, Sec. 32, T3N, R4W; north side of the Sunset QOA-1 Barren 1 Highway; 1 sample. UOC 26, NEl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 5, T2N, R4W; north side of the Sunset QOA-1 Barren 1 Highway; 1 sample. UOC 29, SWl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 5, T2N, R4W; north side of the Sunset QOA-1 Barren 1 Highway; 1 sample. VA 125 NWl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 24, T3N, R5W; collected late sixties S FS by R. O. van Atta; north side of Sunset Highway. VA 175 SWl/4, SWl/4, Sec. 13, T3N, R5W; collected late sixties S-2 FS by R. O. van Atta; north side of Sunset Highway. 198 TABLE 11. REGISTER OF FOSSIL LOCALITIES— continued SAMPLE LOCATION METHOD RESULT CASTOR CREEK SECTION VA14 2B VA143A-K VA145 B0090- B 0 0 9 4 NWl/4, SEl/4 Sec. 15, T3N, R5W; collected by R. O. Van S-l Atta; northeast side of Castor Creek; refer to Van Atta (1971). NWl/4, SEl/4 Sec. 15, T3N, R5W; collected by R. 0. Van S-l Atta; northeast side.of Castor Creek; 500 feet from confluence; refer to Van Atta (1971). SWl/4, SEl/4 Sec. 15, T3N, R5W; collected by R. O. Van S-l Atta; northeast side of small tributary. Castor Creek; refer to Van Atta (1971). NWl/4, NWl/4 Sec. 22, T3N, T5W; collected by J. M. S-l Armentrout; northwest side of Castor Creek; B0090 furthest down stream; B0094 approximately equal to VA145. ROCK CREEK SECTION KAM 1001 NWl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 5, T4N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; QO-1 taken from the first outcrop east of the Keasey Station; from the silty sand layers lying below the lowest sandy conglomerate layer which is approximately 6 inches thick. KAM 1002 NWl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 5, T4N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; QOA-1 same locality as above; this sample came from the second sandy conglomerate layer, which is 10-12 inches thick; about 3 1/2 feet stratigraphically above KAM 1001. KAM 1003 NWl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 5, T4N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; QOA-1 same locality as above; this sample was taken from the silts just above the second conglomerate layer, but 6 feet west of KAM 1002. KAM 1004 KAM 1005 KAM 1006 KAM 1007 KAM 1008 KAM 1009 KAM 1010 NWl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 5, T4N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; QO-2 down stream from KAM 1001-1003; small outcrop at water level; conglomerate layer like that of KAM 1002, only somewhat coarser grained. Indurated; strike N78°W, 14°NE. SWl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; QO-1 250 feet NW of KAM 1004; strike N85°W, 14°NE. NEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; QOA-1 0.8 mile east of the Keasey Station; Rock Creek curves convexly to the east; this sample taken northeast end of outcrop at about water level; black sandy silt which weathers to a slightly rust color. NEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; QOA-1 taken 3 feet stratigraphically above KAM 1006 in coarser grained material. SEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; QOA-1 south of KAM 1006 and KAM 1007 along Rock Creek; mudstone layer about 5 feet above water level. SEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; QOA-1 south of KAM 1008; strike N80°W, dip 10°N. SEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; QOA-1 15 feet upstream from KAM 1009; 3 1/2 feet above water level. KAM 1011 SEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; same locality as KAM 1009, and 3 feet stratigraphically above it; the laminated and massive mudstones are inter rupted by a layer of mudstone clasts in a sandy silt which becomes sandy silt only at the top and is overlain by laminated and massive mudstones. QO-2 FS FS FS FS NS Barren NS FS NS FS NS Barren NS Barren NS FS NS FS NS FS NS FS NS 199 TABLE 11. REGISTER OF FOSSIL LOCALITIES— continued I SAMPLE LOCATION METHOD RESULT J KAM j 1012 SWl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 20 feet upstream from KAM 1010 about 4 feet above level. 1973; water QO-1 FS NS 1 | KAM i 1013 SWl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 30 feet upstream from KAM 1012; 5 feet above water 1973; level. QO-1 FS NS | KAM 1014 SWl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 25 feet upstream from KAM 1013; 2 feet above water 1973; level. QO-1 FS NS KAM 1015 SWl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 50 feet upstream from KAM 1014. 1973; QO-1 FS NS KAM 1016 NEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R5W; collected summer, sample taken from middle of the cut bank; west of tributary which enters Rock Creek from the north; above water level; strike N10°W, dip 26°SE. 1973; small 20 feet QOA-1 FS NS KAM 1017 NEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 20 feet downstream from KAM 1016; at water level; N79°W, dip 2 0 ° E. 1973; strike QOA-1 FS NS j KAM 1018 NEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 75 feet downstream from KAM 1017; at water level. 1973; QOA-1 FS j KAM 1019 NEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 50 feet downstream from KAM 1018; at water level. 1973; QOA-1 FS NS KAM 1020 NEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 100 feet downstream from KAM 1019; at water level. 1973; QOA-1 FS NS KAM i 1021 NEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 100 feet downstream from KAM 1020; at water level; N56°W, dip 16°E. 1973; strike QOA-1 FS NS KAM J 1022 NEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 30 feet downstream from KAM 1021; at water level; sandstone bed. 1973; above QOA-1 FS NS KAM I 1023 NEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 100 feet downstream from KAM 1022; at water level. 1973; QOA-1 FS NS ^ KAM i 1 1024 NEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 100 feet downstream from KAM L023; 60 feet west of where the road crosses Rock Creek; at water level. 1973; bridge QO-1 FS NS KAM i 1 1025 NEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; 160 feet downstream from KAM 1024; 100 feet east of bridge; at water level. QO-1 FS NS j KAM 1026 Changed to KAM 10 70. I ( j KAM I 1027 On line between Sec. 3 2 and Sec. 33, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; outcrop on north side of Rock Creek; at water level. S-l 1 FS j NS j 1 | KAM i 1028 SWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 33, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 125 feet downstream from KAM 1027; at water level; side of Rock Creek. 1973; north QOA-1 FS i NS | ' KAM I i i 1029 SWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 33, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1,5 00 feet downstream from KAM 1028; north side of Creek; at water level; strike N50°W, dip 5°E. 197 3; Rock QOA-1 FS | NS KAM 1030 SEl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 33, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; 75 feet downstream from an old railroad bridge; north side of river. QOA-1 FS i NS KAM 1031 SWl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 33, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 200 feet south of bridge where Rock Creek crosses 1973; road. QOA-1 FS NS KAM 1032 SEl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 33, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; south side of creek; midway between samples KAM 1030 and KAM 1031; abundant megafossils and concretions; megafossils appear to be in lenses; strike N55°E. QOA-1 FS NS 2 0 0 J TABLE 11. SAMPLE REGISTER OF FOSSIL LOCALITIES— continued LOCATION METHOD RESULT KAM l 1033 SEl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 33, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; south side of Rock Creek west of old railroad bridge; west side of gully which is a small tributary entering Rock Creek from the south; 30 feet above water level and 20 feet below layer of megafossils. QOA-1 FS NS i | KAM 1034 SEl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 33, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; same locality as KAM 1033; base of cliff 30 feet below KAM 1033; strike N62°E, dip 15°NW. QOA-1 FS NS [ | KAM 1035 SEl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 33, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; about midway between the abandoned school bridge and the small tributary (KAM 1033-1034); at water level; south side of Rock Creek. QOA-1 FS NS KAM 1036 SWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 33, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; southeast side of abandoned school bridge; 4 feet above water level. QOA-1 FS NS KAM 1 1037 SE 1/4, NEl/4, Sec. 33, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; on Rock Creek north of house; where Rock Creek curves back to road and begins to flow north again. QOA-1 FS NS KAM 1038 SEl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 33, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; 200 feet downstream from KAM 1037. QOA-1 FS NS KAM 1039 NWl/4, SWl/4, Sec. 26, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; north side of road; outcrop has an indurated sand layer about midway through exposure; sample was taken about 1 foot above this layer. S-l; QO-1 FS NS ! KAM 1040 NWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 31, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1973; outcrop on north side of road; eastern end cut by a steep gully; sample taken near east end; 5 feet below indurated layer (6 to 8 inches thick) which is about 2 0 feet above the road surface; beds nearly horizontal; strike N78°W, dip 4°E. S-l; QO-1 FS NS j KAM 1041 Same locality as KAM 1040; collected summer, 1973; 10 feet S-l; FS t below indurated layer. QO-1 NS 1 KAM 1042 Same locality as KAM 1041; collected summer, 1973; 50 S-l; FS j feet above indurated layer; just east of the crest of the hill. QO-1 NS j KAM 1 1043 Same locality as KAM 1040; collected summer, 1973; 30 feet above the indurated layer; east of KAM 1043 on small terrace on south side of hill. QOA-1 FS NS KAM 1044 Same locality as KAM 1040; collected summer, 1973; 25 feet above indurated layer; 5 feet east of KAM 1043. S-l; QO-1 repro cessed S-2 FS NS KAM 1045 Same locality as KAM 1040; collected summer, 197 3; east S-l; FS \ end of hill in indurated layer. QO-1 NS | KAM 1070 SEl/4, SWl/4, Sec. 4, T4N, R4W; collected summer, 1973; S-l; FS i i intersection of Rock Creek and the Nehalem River; cliffs on south side at Nehalem River. QO-1 NS j KAM i \ 210 NWl/4, SWl/4, Sec. 4, T4N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; below the bridge in Vernonia where the main street crosses Rock Creek; 10 feet from concrete supports on west side; 2 feet above water level; crinoids. S-l; QO-2 FS NS KAM 211 NWl/4, SWl/4, Sec. 4, T4N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; north of the bridge in KAM 210 along the west side of Rock Creek; south end of outcrop. S-l; QO-3 FS NS KAM 212 NWl/4, SWl/4, Sec. 4, T4N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; 22 feet north of KAM 211. S-l; QO-2 FS NS | KAM 213 NWl/4, SWl/4, Sec. 4, T4N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; 2 2 feet north of KAM 212. S-l; QO-2 FS NS 2 0 1 TABLE 11. REGISTER OF FOSSIL LOCALITIES— continued SAMPLE LOCATION METHOD RESULT KAM 214 NWl/4, SWl/4, Sec. 5, T4N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; 20 feet north of KAM 213; strike N50°E. KAM 215 NEl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R4W; collected summer, 1975 15 feet above road on north side. KAM 216 NEl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R4W; collected summer, 1975 directly below KAM 215; at water level; along north side of Rock Creek; 100 feet stratigraphically below KAM 215 KAM 217 NEl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R4W; collected summer, 1975 at water level; 20 feet downstream from KAM 216. KAM 218 NEl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R4W; collected summer, 197 5 at water level; 50 feet downstream from KAM 217. KAM 219 NEl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R4W; collected summer, 1975 at maximum bend of Rock Creek; approximately 500 feet downstream from KAM 216. KAM 220 On section line between Sec. 33, T5N, R4W, and Sec. 4, T4N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; at water level; where north side of railroad spur meets Rock Creek. KAM 221 SWl/4, SWl/4, Sec. 33, T5N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; at water level; 100 feet upstream from KAM 220. KAM 222 On section line between Sec. 32 and Sec. 33, T5N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; due south from house along road also on section line. KAM 223 SEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; 20 feet upstream from KAM 222; at water level. KAM 224 SEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; 50 feet downstream from maximum eastward curve of Rock Creek in section 32. KAM 225 SEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; 300 feet upstream from maximum eastward curve of Rock Creek in section 32. KAM 226 SWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; 2.000 feet downstream from section line between sections 31 and 32; due south of house on north side of road. KAM 227 SWl/4, NWl/4, sec. 32, T5N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; 500 feet upstream from KAM 226; at water level; mega fossils present. KAM 228 SWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; 1.000 feet upstream from KAM 226; at water level. KAM 229 SWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 32, T5N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; 1,500 feet upstream from KAM 226; at water level. KAM 230 On section line between section 31 and section 32, T5N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; at water level. KAM 231 Same locality as KAM 230; collected summer, 1975; samples 5 feet below road surface. A - is in mudstone 3 feet above a 3- to 4-inch-thick layer of white ash or glass shards. B - is from the transitional area between the mudstone and ash/glass shard layer. C - ash/glass shard layer. D - 1 foot below the ash/glass shard layer. S-l; QO-2 S-l S-l; QO-2 S-l; QO-2 S-l; QO-2 S-l; QO-2 S-l; QO-2 S-l; QO-1 S-l S-l; QO-1 S-l; QO-1 S-l; QO-1 S-l; QO-1 S-l; QO-1 FS NS Barren NS FS NS FS FS NS Barren NS FS NS FS NS FS NS FS NS FS NS FS NS Barren NS Barren NS S-l;Barren QO-1 S-l; QO-1 S-l; QO-1 NS FS NS Barren NS NS S-l; QO-1 S-l; QO-1 S-l; QO-1 S-l; QO-1 Barren Barren Barren Barren 2 0 2 TABLE 11. REGISTER OF FOSSIL LOCALITIES— continued SAMPLE LOCATION METHOD RESULT KAM 232 NEl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 31, T5N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; S-l; FS 200 feet upstream from maximum northern extent of Rock QO-1 NS Creek; in bend just west of section line, where Rock Creek has begun to undermine the railroad; at water level. KAM 233 NEl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 31, T5N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; S-l; FS at water level directly south of the westernmost of two QO-1 NS houses on the north side of the road; mudstone; cut surface very smooth and hard. KAM 234 SWl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 31, T5N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; S-l; FS from outcrop in middle of Rock Creek; east of bridge, reproc- NS which is part of a new road extending south of the road essed to Keasey Station; this area is part of a new housing 2/9/77 development; sample taken at maximum southern bend of S-l Rock Creek in section 31. KAM 235 SWl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 31, T5N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; S-l; FS west side of bridge mentioned above; at water level. QO-1 NS KAM 236 NEl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 31, T5N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; S-l; FS north side of Rock Creek at water level; 100 feet east QO-1 NS of drain pipe which conveys water under road from gully east of outcrop described in KAM 1040-1045. KAM 237 NWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 31, T5N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; S-l; FS north side of Rock Creek directly below drain pipe QO-1 NS described in KAM 236; megafossils present. KAM 238 NWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 31, T5N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; S-l; FS directly south of eastern side of outcrop on road; 50 feet QO-1 NS upstream from KAM 237; at water level. KAM 239 On line between the NWl/4 and NEl/4 quadrants of Sec. 36, S-l FS T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1975; on south side of Rock NS Creek; at water level. KAM 240 NEl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 36, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1975; S-l FS south side of Rock Creek; 15 feet upstream from KAM 239; NS at water level. i KAM 241 NEl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 36, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1975; S-l FS 200 feet downstream from a northward bend in Rock Creek NS which just touches the section line between section 36 and section 25; at water level; north side of Rock Creek. KAM 242 NEl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 36, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1975; S-l FS 175 feet downstream from the bend described in KAM 241; NS at water level. KAM 243 NEl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 36, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1975; S-l FS 150 feet downstream from the bend described in KAM 241; NS at water level. KAM 244 NEl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 36, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1975; S-l FS 100 feet downstream from the bend described in KAM 241; NS at water level. KAM 245 On section line between section 36 and section 25, T5N, S-l FS R5W; collected summer, 1975; maximum northern curve of NS bend; at water level; concretions many with crab carapaces inside. KAM 246 NEl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 36, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1975; S-l FS west of bend described in KAM 245; at edge of Vernonia NS and Birkenfeld 7.5-minute quadrangle maps; 100 feet east of the outlet for the water purification plant; at water level. KAM 247 NEl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 36, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1975; S-l; NS first exposure east of the outlet for the water purifi- QO-1 cation plant; at water level. 203 TABLE 11. REGISTER OF FOSSIL LOCALITIES— continued SAMPLE LOCATION METHOD RESULT KAM 248 NEl/4, NEl/4, Sec. 34, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1975; S-l north side of Rock Creek; at water level; eastern end of flattened northward curve of Rock Creek. KAM 24 9 NWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 35, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1975; S-l along west side of Rock Creek; nearly due east of old farm house which is just east of section line between sections 34 and 35. KAM 250 NWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 35, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1975; S-l 25 feet downstream from KAM 24 9; at water level. KAM 251 NWl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 35, T5N, R5W; collected summer, 1975; S-l 25 feet downstream, from KAM 250; due east from farm house; at water level. KAM 252 SEl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 5, T4N, R5W; collected summer, 1975; S-l just west of a southeastern curve of Rock Creek west of Keasey Station; sample taken from embankment above Rock Creek's southern edge; outcrops are heavily covered with vegetation; fine-grained sand; thin faint laminations of bedding visible; abundant mica. KAM 253 Float near KAM 254; collected summer, 1975. S-l KAM 254 NEl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 5, T4N, R5W; collected summer, 1975; S-l below water level; southern side of Rock Creek; due west of shack at the Keasey Station indicated on the Birkenfeld 7.5-minute quadrangle map by a warehouse symbol. KAM 255 SEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 5, T4N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; along Highway 47 south of Vernonia; taken from cliff between highway and railroad tracks; beds horizontal. A - 8 feet below the road S-l; QO-1 B - 1 foot below A in an ash bed with some small S-l; amount of fine conglomerate'; a few glass shards QO-1 present. C - 1 foot above ash bed, 7 feet below road; 3 feet S-l; north of A and B. QO-1 KAM 268 NWl/4, SWl/4, Sec. 3, T4N, R4W; collected summer, 1975; S-l; under bridge across Nehalem River on Highway 47; east of QO-1 Vernonia. FS NS FS NS FS NS FS NS Barren NS FS NS FS NS FS NS Barren FS Barren NS WILLAPA RIVER SECTION 116 SEl/4, SEl/4 Sec. 36, T13N, R8W; collected by Union Oil QOA-1 FS Company; west side of Willapa River; samples 116-1 to 116-3. 113 SEl/4, SEl/4 Sec. 36, T13N, R8W; collected by Union Oil QOA-1 FS Company; southwest side of Willapa River; samples 113-1 to 113-7. 110 SWl/4, SEl/4 Sec. 36, T13N, R8W; collected by Union Oil QOA-1 FS Company; west side of Willapa River; samples 110-1 to 110-6. 109 NWl/4, SEl/4 Sec. 36, T13N, R8W; collected by Union Oil QOA-1 FS Company; east side of Willapa River; samples 109-1 to 109-10. 108 NWl/4, SEl/4 Sec. 36, T13N, R8 W; collected by Union Oil QOA-1 FS Company, east side of Willapa River; samples 108-1 to 108-4. 106 SEl/4, NEl/4 Sec. 36, T13N, R8W; collected by Union Oil QOA-1 FS Company; west side of Willapa River; samples 106-1 to 106-26, 106A-D. 204 TABLE 11. REGISTER OF FOSSIL LOCALITIES— continued SAMPLE LOCATION METHOD RESULT KAM 276 SEl/4, SEl/4, Sec. 2, T3S, R10W; collected summer, 1975; S-l along Forest Service road 300E; just west of township marker between sections 1 and 2; about 200 feet west of intersection with Forest Service road 301; KAM 276A from the bottom of the ditch on north side of road; KAM 276B is 3 feet above A. KAM 277 SEl/4, NWl/4, Sec. 12, T3S, R10W; collected summer, 1975; S—1 along county road; 1 mile from intersection with Highway 101; just east of intersection of county road with Forest Service road 300E. FS Barren 206

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Creator McDougall, Kristin Ann (author)

Core Title Paleoecological evaluation of late Eocene biostratigraphic zonations on the West Coast

Degree Doctor of Philosophy

Degree Program Geological Sciences

Publisher University of Southern California (original), University of Southern California. Libraries (digital)

Tag OAI-PMH Harvest,paleontology

Language English

Contributor Digitized by ProQuest (provenance)

Permanent Link (DOI) https://doi.org/10.25549/usctheses-c29-345474

Unique identifier UC11220978

Identifier DP28552.pdf (filename),usctheses-c29-345474 (legacy record id)

Legacy Identifier DP28552.pdf

Dmrecord 345474

Document Type Dissertation

Rights McDougall, Kristin Ann

Type texts

Source University of Southern California (contributing entity), University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses (collection)

Access Conditions The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the au...

Repository Name University of Southern California Digital Library

Repository Location USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA