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SUBVERTING STATE VIOLENCE 32
Critical Consciousness as a Theoretical Framework
Critical consciousness theory is used as a heuristic in this study in order to help guide the
types of questions asked in the interview. My role as the researcher has worked to make sense of
this theory that may or may not be named by participants. Political efficacy is part of Freire’s
critical consciousness framework; however, the verbiage is not always explicit. Defining and
identifying this concept accurately are essential to the study. The following section will denote
the theorists and theories that have contributed to the nuanced operationalization of critical
consciousness for the purposes of this study.
Historical Contributors & Development
Paulo Freire
Paolo Freire’s theory of critical consciousness functions in two forms. The first form,
critical reflection, requires oppressed groups to analyze their socio-historical development and
social conditions (Freire, 1970/2000). This holistic understanding of one’s existence in society
implores the learner to rigorously question the nature of their lived existence as informed by
societal constructs, expectations, and limitations. The second form, critical action, harnesses the
learning gained from the preceding analysis and utilizes it to actively transform structures that
enact oppression (Freire, 1970/2000). This orientation towards structural social change
undermines the consequence of oppression as perpetual domination.
Frantz Fanon
Freire’s post-Marxist political philosophy informed his writing and his theory. Critical
consciousness theory was inspired through Freire’s study of the Anti-Colonial, Pan-African
Revolutionary, Frantz Fanon. Freire rewrote the Pedagogy of the Oppressed specifically to quote
and incorporate Fanon (Horton & Freire, 1990). Scholars have long debated the specific political
Object Description
| Title | Subverting state violence through the art of hood politics: an exploratory study of Black and Latinx students' critical consciousness and political efficacy |
| Author | Rodgers, Kenneth W., Jr. |
| Author email | kwrodger@usc.edu;kenneth.rodgersjr@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Education |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Educational Leadership |
| School | Rossier School of Education |
| Date defended/completed | 2020-06-25 |
| Date submitted | 2020-08-07 |
| Date approved | 2020-08-08 |
| Restricted until | 2020-08-08 |
| Date published | 2020-08-08 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Davis, Charles H.F., III |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Hancock Alfaro, Ange-Marie Green, Alan |
| Abstract | This qualitative study examines the experiences of Black and Latinx youth, the relationship between their critical consciousness development and political efficacy, and their continual subversion of state violence. The academic literature has predominately focused on critical consciousness solely as theorized by Freire and is often interpreted through neoliberal entities and paradigms, thereby minimizing its socialist, anti-colonial, anti-capitalist theoretical origin. The literature has also gauged political efficacy primarily through traditional metrics of civic engagement and voting that do not traditionally account for varying displays of organizing, activism, intentional non-voting, and other forms of resistance. The study investigated systems of power that converge to shape formal and informal educational experiences of the participants and capture the ways that they developed their critical consciousness and political attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs. As a result of 8 in-depth interviews and analyses of Black and Latinx youth (ages 17-19), snapshots emerged that allowed participants to foreground their experiences and construct meaning making of their worldviews. The findings of the study reveal the complex nature of critical consciousness development for Black and Latinx youth and serve as a model for utilizing critical consciousness and political efficacy as essential frameworks for future study and analyses. The findings add to the limited literature on the experiences of Black and Latinx youth concerning the system of education and its relation to critical consciousness development, political identity formation, and political efficacy. This study aimed to amplify the voices of Black and Latinx youth in a manner that acknowledges their humanity and agency. |
| Keyword | politics; political; political efficacy; efficacy; resistance; protest; hood; subvert; subverting; subversion; resist; state violence; state; Black; Latinx; socialist; anti-capitalist; anti-Blackness; communism; Marxism; decolonial; decolonization; critical consciousness; racism; white supremacy; gender; patriarchy; religion; anti-colonial; anti-capitalist; Freire, Paulo Freire; Frantz Fanon; Fred Moten; Karl Marx; Saidiya Hartman; education; schools; youth; exploratory; intersectionality; Crenshaw; Kimberle Crenshaw; Collins; James Baldwin; Gloria Anzaldua; whiteness; civics; civic engagement; neoliberalism; democracy; social justice; domination; power; gender; curriculum; walk-out; sit-in; paradigm intersectionality; BlackCrit; critical race theory, Henry Giroux; Kendrick Lamar; Wardell Milam |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Rodgers, Kenneth W., Jr. |
| Physical access | The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the author, as the original true and official version of the work, but does not grant the reader permission to use the work if the desired use is covered by copyright. It is the author, as rights holder, who must provide use permission if such use is covered by copyright. The original signature page accompanying the original submission of the work to the USC Libraries is retained by the USC Libraries and a copy of it may be obtained by authorized requesters contacting the repository e-mail address given. |
| Repository name | University of Southern California Digital Library |
| Repository address | USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus MC 7002, 106 University Village, Los Angeles, California 90089-7002, USA |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-RodgersKen-8903.pdf |
| Archival file | Volume13/etd-RodgersKen-8903.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 43 |
| Full text | SUBVERTING STATE VIOLENCE 32 Critical Consciousness as a Theoretical Framework Critical consciousness theory is used as a heuristic in this study in order to help guide the types of questions asked in the interview. My role as the researcher has worked to make sense of this theory that may or may not be named by participants. Political efficacy is part of Freire’s critical consciousness framework; however, the verbiage is not always explicit. Defining and identifying this concept accurately are essential to the study. The following section will denote the theorists and theories that have contributed to the nuanced operationalization of critical consciousness for the purposes of this study. Historical Contributors & Development Paulo Freire Paolo Freire’s theory of critical consciousness functions in two forms. The first form, critical reflection, requires oppressed groups to analyze their socio-historical development and social conditions (Freire, 1970/2000). This holistic understanding of one’s existence in society implores the learner to rigorously question the nature of their lived existence as informed by societal constructs, expectations, and limitations. The second form, critical action, harnesses the learning gained from the preceding analysis and utilizes it to actively transform structures that enact oppression (Freire, 1970/2000). This orientation towards structural social change undermines the consequence of oppression as perpetual domination. Frantz Fanon Freire’s post-Marxist political philosophy informed his writing and his theory. Critical consciousness theory was inspired through Freire’s study of the Anti-Colonial, Pan-African Revolutionary, Frantz Fanon. Freire rewrote the Pedagogy of the Oppressed specifically to quote and incorporate Fanon (Horton & Freire, 1990). Scholars have long debated the specific political |
