CENPA-324a~03 |
Save page Remove page | Previous | 4 of 10 | Next |
|
small (250x250 max)
medium (500x500 max)
Large (1000x1000 max)
Extra Large
large ( > 500x500)
Full Resolution
All (PDF)
|
This page
All
|
Loading content ...
(Continued from page 10) these men were accompanied by their 'wives', girls from orphanages or reformatory schools whom they married at the moment of embarkation from Europe.. These unfortunate people who had already been degraded in mind and body by imprisonment at home and the rigours of the voyage, merely added to the misery and inefficiency of the colony." DIET CHEAP By 1800 slaves formed the bulk o(- Mozambique's exports. Slavery as a domestic institution was more important here than in Angola. Many a prazero (the plantations owner) had an army of captive Africans in addition to the usual large number of house and field workers. There was the slave and the colo- no. The colono, allegedly a free man, was the tribesman living on the prazo. He paid a poll-tax, was obliged • to work without pay, and was subject to the whims and caprices of his landlord. Both the slave •and the colono were cheap labour, dirt cheap labour. The Peninsular War and Brazil's declaration of her independence from the rule of Portugal (1822) upset the domestic economy of both Portugal and her colonies including Mozambique. The threatened abolition of slavery was a happening that the settlers feared would wreck their means of livelihood. Mozambique, being an integral part of Africa, was greatly affected by the decisions at the Berlin Conference of the three great Western powers, Britain, France and Germany held from November 1844 to February 1855. APPLE CART Although Portugal was at this time already a decadent colonial power she became by the grace of the big three 'an ally and partner in thc execution of the great purpose of providence for the advancement of mankind,' as Gladstone euphemistically called the exploitation of ihe African people. The new doctrine of effective occupation was advanced as the basis of colonization in Africa. Portugal was allowed to keep Mozambique not because she was in effective occupation there but because xshe had "discovered" the territory. Before 1855, Portugal had hoped to preserve a continuous belt of territory from coast to coast uniting modern Angola with Mozambique, but events upset her apple cart. AUTONOMY The British acquired the land south of lake Nyasa and the shire highlands. The Portuguese prepared a counter-expedition. Major A de Serpe Pinto came into conflict with 'peoples under British protection.' Lord Salisbury, the British Prime Minister sent Portugal an ultimatum. (1890) This was followed by a treaty defining the frontiers of British and' Portuguese possessions and the creation of the Mozambique and Naissa companies for the development of the area. Under the Portuguese Republic (1910) the colony was granted a measure of autonomy. This was extended in 1920. - After the taking over of power by the Salazar regime (1926) colonial autonomy was swept away. A much more centralised system was adopted. The building of railways' led to the rapid expansion of Mozambique's economy. Conventions were signed with the countries of the hinterland. These governed the questions of transit trade the recruitment of an African labour force and other matters. The Mozambique convention (1909) concluded with the Transvaal government lapsed in 1923. It was replaced in 1934 by a new treaty which ran until 1939. It remained • in force thereafter to 12 month's notice of termination by either party. The Companhia de Mozambique was wounded up in 1942. In 1951 Mozambique was designated an overseas province of Portugal, a ruse designed to conceal thc reality of its colonial status behind a mask of a juridical technically. MOZAMBIQUE TODAY The population of Mozambique during 1959 was estimated by the United Nations at 6,310,000 compared with the 5,732,317 of the 1950 official Portuguese estimates. The National Democratic Union of Mozambique estimates the population as 6,530,000 African, 75,000 Europeans and 18,000 Asians. All the African people of Mozambique are Bantu-speaking. The main tribal groups are : the Yao in Niassa, the Makwa in Niassa and Zambezia, the Bassenga in Zambezia and Sofala, the Baan- goni and Basenega in Manica, the Baronga, Batonga and Bachopi in Sul do Save. HONEST TRUTH The most important towns are: Lourenco Marques, the capital where about half of the colony's white settlers live; Beira, the headquarters of the former Companhia de Mozambique; established as a Portuguese port in 1505 and the capital of the territory until 1897; Quclimane, Inhambane and Chinde. The governor-general is thc head of the colonial government. He is appointed by the council of Ministers in Lisbon for a four year term, subject to reappointment. He is directly responsible to the Minister for Overseas Provinces in Portugal. Beneath all this facade of technicalities is concealed the honest truth that the governor-general is appointed by the Dictator-President of Portugal, Dr. Antonio Olivcira da Salazar, who boasted way back in 1939 that: "Wc are anti-parliamentarians, anti-democrats and a n t i-liberals and are determined to establish a corporate state." This self-same fascist . dictator, who is Britain's oldest ally' ordered the Portuguese flags to be flown at ' DECEMBER, 1964 17
Object Description
Description
Title | CENPA-324a~03 |
Filename | CENPA-324a~03.tiff |
Full text | (Continued from page 10) these men were accompanied by their 'wives', girls from orphanages or reformatory schools whom they married at the moment of embarkation from Europe.. These unfortunate people who had already been degraded in mind and body by imprisonment at home and the rigours of the voyage, merely added to the misery and inefficiency of the colony." DIET CHEAP By 1800 slaves formed the bulk o(- Mozambique's exports. Slavery as a domestic institution was more important here than in Angola. Many a prazero (the plantations owner) had an army of captive Africans in addition to the usual large number of house and field workers. There was the slave and the colo- no. The colono, allegedly a free man, was the tribesman living on the prazo. He paid a poll-tax, was obliged • to work without pay, and was subject to the whims and caprices of his landlord. Both the slave •and the colono were cheap labour, dirt cheap labour. The Peninsular War and Brazil's declaration of her independence from the rule of Portugal (1822) upset the domestic economy of both Portugal and her colonies including Mozambique. The threatened abolition of slavery was a happening that the settlers feared would wreck their means of livelihood. Mozambique, being an integral part of Africa, was greatly affected by the decisions at the Berlin Conference of the three great Western powers, Britain, France and Germany held from November 1844 to February 1855. APPLE CART Although Portugal was at this time already a decadent colonial power she became by the grace of the big three 'an ally and partner in thc execution of the great purpose of providence for the advancement of mankind,' as Gladstone euphemistically called the exploitation of ihe African people. The new doctrine of effective occupation was advanced as the basis of colonization in Africa. Portugal was allowed to keep Mozambique not because she was in effective occupation there but because xshe had "discovered" the territory. Before 1855, Portugal had hoped to preserve a continuous belt of territory from coast to coast uniting modern Angola with Mozambique, but events upset her apple cart. AUTONOMY The British acquired the land south of lake Nyasa and the shire highlands. The Portuguese prepared a counter-expedition. Major A de Serpe Pinto came into conflict with 'peoples under British protection.' Lord Salisbury, the British Prime Minister sent Portugal an ultimatum. (1890) This was followed by a treaty defining the frontiers of British and' Portuguese possessions and the creation of the Mozambique and Naissa companies for the development of the area. Under the Portuguese Republic (1910) the colony was granted a measure of autonomy. This was extended in 1920. - After the taking over of power by the Salazar regime (1926) colonial autonomy was swept away. A much more centralised system was adopted. The building of railways' led to the rapid expansion of Mozambique's economy. Conventions were signed with the countries of the hinterland. These governed the questions of transit trade the recruitment of an African labour force and other matters. The Mozambique convention (1909) concluded with the Transvaal government lapsed in 1923. It was replaced in 1934 by a new treaty which ran until 1939. It remained • in force thereafter to 12 month's notice of termination by either party. The Companhia de Mozambique was wounded up in 1942. In 1951 Mozambique was designated an overseas province of Portugal, a ruse designed to conceal thc reality of its colonial status behind a mask of a juridical technically. MOZAMBIQUE TODAY The population of Mozambique during 1959 was estimated by the United Nations at 6,310,000 compared with the 5,732,317 of the 1950 official Portuguese estimates. The National Democratic Union of Mozambique estimates the population as 6,530,000 African, 75,000 Europeans and 18,000 Asians. All the African people of Mozambique are Bantu-speaking. The main tribal groups are : the Yao in Niassa, the Makwa in Niassa and Zambezia, the Bassenga in Zambezia and Sofala, the Baan- goni and Basenega in Manica, the Baronga, Batonga and Bachopi in Sul do Save. HONEST TRUTH The most important towns are: Lourenco Marques, the capital where about half of the colony's white settlers live; Beira, the headquarters of the former Companhia de Mozambique; established as a Portuguese port in 1505 and the capital of the territory until 1897; Quclimane, Inhambane and Chinde. The governor-general is thc head of the colonial government. He is appointed by the council of Ministers in Lisbon for a four year term, subject to reappointment. He is directly responsible to the Minister for Overseas Provinces in Portugal. Beneath all this facade of technicalities is concealed the honest truth that the governor-general is appointed by the Dictator-President of Portugal, Dr. Antonio Olivcira da Salazar, who boasted way back in 1939 that: "Wc are anti-parliamentarians, anti-democrats and a n t i-liberals and are determined to establish a corporate state." This self-same fascist . dictator, who is Britain's oldest ally' ordered the Portuguese flags to be flown at ' DECEMBER, 1964 17 |
Archival file | Volume19/CENPA-324a~03.tiff |