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" ■ ' ■.,...-,...■:.., ,■■ ' ■ Jaime M. A. Khamba (Mozambique) Mozambique, an oppresed colony of Portugal in South East Africa, has an area of 302,000 sq. miles. This vast country is very rich in mineral and natural resources, such as Iron-Ore, coal, manganese, gold, bauxite, paraffin, Sugar cane, Tea. Copra, Cashew Nuts, -Timber, Sisal, cotton and some other precious meals. With their eyes on the natural resources, the Portuguese imperialists and financial oligardy, who are the most vicious, barbaric and ruthless colonialists history has ever recorded in our time, have refused to leave Mozambique, to which they are uninvited. The . "civilizing mission "the bourgeois vocabulary for exploitation and domination, which brought Vasco da Gama to Inhambane, South of Mozambique in 1498, on his way to India, marked the beginning of the present colonial domination of the die-hard and shameless Portuguese in Mozambique. Da Gama, who exposed the country to Portugal, on his way to the Northern part of Mozambique, tortured and killed many innocent citizens, inorder to facilitate his forced entry into the country. He also noticed that the country was Historical ~ z:^:z :o Lre Nailed Liberation Struggle ^diczz by J.M.A. /Khamba rich in mineral resources. This he reported to the then King of Portugal, who immediately assigned him with the responsibility of capturing the country and the wealth by all means. In 1502, he came back on a mission of permanent strangulation and and life-long exploitation. Since then the Portuguese refused to leave the country. In 1505, the Portuguese occupation became effective, after the captain Pedro de Anaia, with Francisco de Almeida, then Governor had landed at the Island of Mozambique. The Africans smelt rat, and began the campaign for the emani- cipation of their country. In 1531, in order to expand the exportation of gold which he stole from the country, the captain of Portuguese founded a market at Sena. This transformed Sena into Commercial centre. A few years later, the city of Tete was constructed and the first colonial Governor General of Mozambique, Francisco de Melo Castro, was appointed. In 1561, Antonio Caiado, a Portuguese settler who was living in the court of Emperor Monomotapa when Goncalo da Silveira, a Catholic priest went there with an expedition, led by Francisco de Barreto, from Sofala to Inhanga and Pen- halonga, with.an intention to destroy the Africa Empires. In the April of 1569, three vessels manned by 1,000 Portuguese soldiers under the command of D. Francisco de Barreto, then Governor of India, left Lisbon for Mozambique, with an order to seize mines of Emperor Monomotapa, and his people. Barreto and his men landed at the Island of Mozambique. On their arrival,when the African people saw that these henchmen from Portugal were provoking war, replied them in the same- voice and many of them lost their lives. In 1571, after various batiles, and unconcluded negotiations with the Emperor Monomotapa. Barreto evacuated his two hundred men who were fortunate to remain alive. In .1573, Barreto died, and was succeeded by his aide-de-camp Vasco Fernandes de Hommen, who , returned to Sena with four hundred men in search of thc gold mines. After various clashes with African people, he penetrated into the land of Manica. There they found gold, but did not have competent men to explore it. From Sofala, he went to the North of Zambezia and then to Sena, where he tried to explore the silver mines of Chicoa, and was attacked by Africans who destroyed him together with his remaining two hundred men. The King of Portugal easily forgot the lesson that Vasco de Hommen and his men wanted to dominate every aspect of trade as well as Africans. In a few years a great number of Portuguese settlers wanted to impose their laws upon .the Africans, and were resisted by African people. The number of conflicts increased in 1628, in the Region of Zambezia. Emperor Monomotapa was by then converted into Christianity and therefore easily exploited. The vandals disseminated, the seeds of misunderstanding with other Chiefs through the Emperor and tribal dispute started. They dominated the whole Zambezia. The main reason of dispute was the refusal by other IJf MAY/JUNE, 1964 29
Object Description
Description
Title | CENPA-318~01 |
Filename | CENPA-318~01.tiff |
Full text | " ■ ' ■.,...-,...■:.., ,■■ ' ■ Jaime M. A. Khamba (Mozambique) Mozambique, an oppresed colony of Portugal in South East Africa, has an area of 302,000 sq. miles. This vast country is very rich in mineral and natural resources, such as Iron-Ore, coal, manganese, gold, bauxite, paraffin, Sugar cane, Tea. Copra, Cashew Nuts, -Timber, Sisal, cotton and some other precious meals. With their eyes on the natural resources, the Portuguese imperialists and financial oligardy, who are the most vicious, barbaric and ruthless colonialists history has ever recorded in our time, have refused to leave Mozambique, to which they are uninvited. The . "civilizing mission "the bourgeois vocabulary for exploitation and domination, which brought Vasco da Gama to Inhambane, South of Mozambique in 1498, on his way to India, marked the beginning of the present colonial domination of the die-hard and shameless Portuguese in Mozambique. Da Gama, who exposed the country to Portugal, on his way to the Northern part of Mozambique, tortured and killed many innocent citizens, inorder to facilitate his forced entry into the country. He also noticed that the country was Historical ~ z:^:z :o Lre Nailed Liberation Struggle ^diczz by J.M.A. /Khamba rich in mineral resources. This he reported to the then King of Portugal, who immediately assigned him with the responsibility of capturing the country and the wealth by all means. In 1502, he came back on a mission of permanent strangulation and and life-long exploitation. Since then the Portuguese refused to leave the country. In 1505, the Portuguese occupation became effective, after the captain Pedro de Anaia, with Francisco de Almeida, then Governor had landed at the Island of Mozambique. The Africans smelt rat, and began the campaign for the emani- cipation of their country. In 1531, in order to expand the exportation of gold which he stole from the country, the captain of Portuguese founded a market at Sena. This transformed Sena into Commercial centre. A few years later, the city of Tete was constructed and the first colonial Governor General of Mozambique, Francisco de Melo Castro, was appointed. In 1561, Antonio Caiado, a Portuguese settler who was living in the court of Emperor Monomotapa when Goncalo da Silveira, a Catholic priest went there with an expedition, led by Francisco de Barreto, from Sofala to Inhanga and Pen- halonga, with.an intention to destroy the Africa Empires. In the April of 1569, three vessels manned by 1,000 Portuguese soldiers under the command of D. Francisco de Barreto, then Governor of India, left Lisbon for Mozambique, with an order to seize mines of Emperor Monomotapa, and his people. Barreto and his men landed at the Island of Mozambique. On their arrival,when the African people saw that these henchmen from Portugal were provoking war, replied them in the same- voice and many of them lost their lives. In 1571, after various batiles, and unconcluded negotiations with the Emperor Monomotapa. Barreto evacuated his two hundred men who were fortunate to remain alive. In .1573, Barreto died, and was succeeded by his aide-de-camp Vasco Fernandes de Hommen, who , returned to Sena with four hundred men in search of thc gold mines. After various clashes with African people, he penetrated into the land of Manica. There they found gold, but did not have competent men to explore it. From Sofala, he went to the North of Zambezia and then to Sena, where he tried to explore the silver mines of Chicoa, and was attacked by Africans who destroyed him together with his remaining two hundred men. The King of Portugal easily forgot the lesson that Vasco de Hommen and his men wanted to dominate every aspect of trade as well as Africans. In a few years a great number of Portuguese settlers wanted to impose their laws upon .the Africans, and were resisted by African people. The number of conflicts increased in 1628, in the Region of Zambezia. Emperor Monomotapa was by then converted into Christianity and therefore easily exploited. The vandals disseminated, the seeds of misunderstanding with other Chiefs through the Emperor and tribal dispute started. They dominated the whole Zambezia. The main reason of dispute was the refusal by other IJf MAY/JUNE, 1964 29 |
Archival file | Volume19/CENPA-318~01.tiff |