The Movement for Freedom in Mozambique - Page 13.
exhorbitant amount of the fees required.
The government has just established a university in Lourenpo
Marques, but according to information at hand, out of the 280
/students enrolled, there is not yet a single African.  There are
a few Africans now attending university in Portugal itself and a
few in some higher professional courses in technical schools in
Portugal.  But their number is insignificant in comparison to the
thousands of white and Asian students v/ho are in the same programmes,
Every year thousands of v/hite Portuguese students cross the borders
to SGuth Africa and Southern Rhodesia to study at the various levels
of learning in those two countries, something that no Africans are
allowed to do, even though some Africans manage to slip out and
clandestinely register as local native students.  (That is how the
author of this paper managed to get his secondary and part of his
university education in South Africa.  But when the Portuguese and
South-African government found out,he v/as expelled from South
Africa, thereby being taken out of the university.)
There was a time, before the establishment of the Salazar
regime and a few years afterward, when the policy of the Portuguese
^  I Government was to educate as many African children as possible
and as fast as the economic power of Portugal could afford.  This
policy was supported by those Portuguese leaders who had believed
in the possibility of creating a Portuguese culture amongst the
African people and who were convinced that the only way of
achieving this was by giving educational facilities to as many
African young people as possible.  This policy was partly inspired
by the prevailing liberal spirit of democratic Europe of that time,
which died with the onslaught of the fascist movements in Germany,
Italy and Portugal.  In the early thirties, a counter force developed in Portugal, whose aim was to eliminate insofar as
possible the secular influence which had dominated African education at that time.  It was a combined influence of economic interests, especially large plantation owners, and religious groups,
who thought that the more secular education of the Africans
tended to be, the more problems the African was likely to raise
for the settler..  In the mid-thirties, a public debate ensued,
centering.on the question of whether the education of the native
should be run by secular bodies or by the Church, and if the
Church took over, whether it should stress religious teaching
rather than the three Rfs.  By the beginning of the Second World
War, the policy began to take shape.  the Portuguese Government
negociated a Concordat with the Vatican which resulted in the
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