PORTUGUESE AFRICA 241
Teacher Training
The same dual standards that apply to the educational process in
the Portuguese territories are carried over to the training of teachers
for African and European schools. When the Catholic missions took
over education of unassimilated Africans in the 1940's, the training
of teachers for these African schools also became a function of the
Church. The government normal school in Mozambique, which was
closed down after the Missionary Agreement of 1940, reopened in
1945 as a Catholic rather than a government institution. Prior to
that time, African teacher candidates needed only to complete the
fourth grade to be eligible for admission to the training school, but
now membership in the Catholic Church is also a prerequisite.
Teacher candidates for the African rudimentary schools are drawn
largely from nonassimilated Africans, though assimilados may also
apply in Angola.
In 1960, there were four of these teacher-training schools in
Mozambique operated by the Church and subsidized by the government; total enrollment was 341 male students, with some 65 graduates
per year. In Angola, there is one such school for training teachers for
the beginning adaptacao program; the 1954 enrollment was 121 males,
with a graduating class of 89.
Staff for the government-operated primary and secondary schools
for the "civilized" population of Angola, Mozambique, and other
Portuguese areas come from metropolitan Portugal. There is one
registered normal school in Angola legally entitled to prepare teachers
for the private "civilized" schools. During the year 1954-55 (the last
year for which statistical data is available), this school at Sa'da
Bandeira had only thirteen students registered.* However, it is possible for an individual who has completed the first cycle of high school
to obtain a teacher's certificate qualifying him to teach in the lower
grades in the private "civilized" schools.
Schools in Relation  to Population
In 1955, according to official reports, there were 2,311 educational
establishments in Mozambique, including government, Catholic,
Protestant, and private schools. Of these, 2,041 were rudimentary
schools, with a total enrollment of 242,412; they consisted of 2,000
Catholic  mission  schools  for  Africans,   12 government  schools,  27
* Anuario estatistico da Provincia de Angola, 1954  (Luanda,  1956), pp.  158-85.
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