CENPA-021~13 |
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One song went —./O- Vamos ver se vamos para o Transvaal *~ Para Fugirmos ao Gungunhana. Mas eles nao deixam 2 Mandam-nos voltar para tras. Gungunhana had dreamed of migrating south to British territory; some of his young men had travelled to Natal and Transvaalto work in the mines and businesses in order to earn gold as their cattle were dying of rinderpest and their economy was being revolutionzed. Gungunhana1s mangas were felled by European bullets as well as a host of disruptive influences which were changing Mozambique; that Ngoni King was caught in a whirlwind of forces and unwillingly became a man on a tightrope. When he left Mozambique for exile in January 1896, there remained enduring influences which were to cause a serious rebellion in 1897 and which would keep musicians singing and old men talking for decades to come. Early Years of Gungunhana, l839?-l881+ Gungunhana, or Mudungazi, was born about the year 1839 or l81j_0 in southern Mozambique. He saw his first light in a kraal of his father Umzila (or Muzilla) in Bilene in the fertile Limpopo valley. His father was Chief or King of the Gaza Ngoni who had invaded the territory after 1820; Umzila1s father was Soshangane, Chief of the Ngoni clan driven out of Natal by Shaka Zulu in 1519 and attacked by Shaka1s armies in 1826. Soshangane, or Manikosi, as some called him, swept the coast of Mozambique,sacking Lourenco Marques and Inhambane in I833-I83I4-, and settled In the lower Limpopo valley near Bilene; when he died in 1858, his bones were placed In a sepulchre in the village of Chamimite, near the present-day village of Kangunhana. The Ngoni settled in the Limpopo valley but frequently moved the royal kraal of their King from place to place. It is therefore difficult to locate the place of Gungunhana1s birth; sometime between I86I and 1869 Umzila moved the great kraal, and presumably his son Gungunhana, from the Limpopo valley to the upper Buzi River; later tho Ngoni King was visited on the upper Save. River. The first mention of Gungunhana came as a result of the 1882-83 expedition of Antonio Maria Cardoso to the interior to visit Umzila; thus the first appearance of our subject comes when he was over I4.O years of age and close to ascending the throne of Gaza. Although we lack details of his early life, v/e can understand his later life and subsequent fall only by studying the reign of his father Umzila. For Umzila entered a unique relationship with the Portuguese on the coast after 1858, and Gungunhana was later burdened with his father's indebtedness to the Portuguese authorities as well as with a legacy of decreased Ngoni military power. The weaknesses of Gungunhana were but reflection of his father's problms. 2. Amadeu Cunha, Mousinho (Lisbon, 19l\l\.) ,p .I4.38 • Let us see if we can go to Transvaal To fly to Gungunhana. But they do not allow us They order us to turn back.
Object Description
Title | Boletim de informação: The Mozambican, vol. 2, no. 1 (1965 Jan.) |
Title (Alternate) | União nacional dos estudantes Moçambicanos (UNEMO) |
Description | Contents: Index (p. 1); INTERNATIONAL SECTION: From Students' International Conference in New Zealand "Resolution of Commission on RIC studies" (p. 3); UNEMO in Australia (p. 5); UNEMO and FRELIMO representations at the PASC in Nairobi (p. 7); Ghana's message to the PASM in Nairobi, Kenya (p. 9) -- ARTICLE SECTION: Gungunyana of Gaza (p. 11); Article of the month (p. 16); Mozambique and the Portuguese supremacy (p. 19); American negro views Africa (p. 21); African poem (p. 23); Joliba (River Niger) (p. 24); It is a fact (p. 25); At random (p. 26) -- UNEMO-US SECTION INTERNAL AFFAIRS: The treasurer's note (p. 28); Assignment to the section members (p. 29); Announcement by the general secretary (p. 31); The second general assembly of UNEMO-US section (report) (p. 32); A conference for the developments at the front (sep. leaf) (p. 37). |
Subject (lcsh) |
Nationalism -- Mozambique Self-determination, National Mozambique -- History Portugal -- Politics and government -- 1933-1974 |
Geographic Subject (Country) | Mozambique |
Geographic Subject (Continent) | Africa |
Geographic Coordinates | -18.6696821,35.5273356 |
Coverage date | 1839/1906; 1951/1964-11-10 |
Creator | União Nacional dos Estudantes (UNEMO). U.S. Section |
Publisher (of the Original Version) | União Nacional dos Estudantes (UNEMO). U.S. Section |
Publisher (of the Digital Version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
Date issued | 1965-01 |
Type |
texts images |
Format | 38 p. |
Format (aat) | newsletters |
Language | English |
Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
Legacy Record ID | chil-m22 |
Part of collection | Emerging Nationalism in Portuguese Africa, 1959-1965 |
Part of subcollection | Mozambique Collection |
Rights | The University of Southern California has licensed the rights to this material from the Aluka initiative of Ithaka Harbors, Inc., a non-profit Delaware corporation whose address is 151 East 61st Street, New York, NY 10021 |
Physical access | Original archive is at the Boeckmann Center for Iberian and Latin American Studies. Send requests to address or e-mail given. Phone (213) 821-2366; fax (213) 740-2343. |
Repository Name | USC Libraries Special Collections |
Repository Address | Doheny Memorial Library, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0189 |
Repository Email | specol@usc.edu |
Filename | CENPA-021 |
Description
Title | CENPA-021~13 |
Filename | CENPA-021~13.tiff |
Full text | One song went —./O- Vamos ver se vamos para o Transvaal *~ Para Fugirmos ao Gungunhana. Mas eles nao deixam 2 Mandam-nos voltar para tras. Gungunhana had dreamed of migrating south to British territory; some of his young men had travelled to Natal and Transvaalto work in the mines and businesses in order to earn gold as their cattle were dying of rinderpest and their economy was being revolutionzed. Gungunhana1s mangas were felled by European bullets as well as a host of disruptive influences which were changing Mozambique; that Ngoni King was caught in a whirlwind of forces and unwillingly became a man on a tightrope. When he left Mozambique for exile in January 1896, there remained enduring influences which were to cause a serious rebellion in 1897 and which would keep musicians singing and old men talking for decades to come. Early Years of Gungunhana, l839?-l881+ Gungunhana, or Mudungazi, was born about the year 1839 or l81j_0 in southern Mozambique. He saw his first light in a kraal of his father Umzila (or Muzilla) in Bilene in the fertile Limpopo valley. His father was Chief or King of the Gaza Ngoni who had invaded the territory after 1820; Umzila1s father was Soshangane, Chief of the Ngoni clan driven out of Natal by Shaka Zulu in 1519 and attacked by Shaka1s armies in 1826. Soshangane, or Manikosi, as some called him, swept the coast of Mozambique,sacking Lourenco Marques and Inhambane in I833-I83I4-, and settled In the lower Limpopo valley near Bilene; when he died in 1858, his bones were placed In a sepulchre in the village of Chamimite, near the present-day village of Kangunhana. The Ngoni settled in the Limpopo valley but frequently moved the royal kraal of their King from place to place. It is therefore difficult to locate the place of Gungunhana1s birth; sometime between I86I and 1869 Umzila moved the great kraal, and presumably his son Gungunhana, from the Limpopo valley to the upper Buzi River; later tho Ngoni King was visited on the upper Save. River. The first mention of Gungunhana came as a result of the 1882-83 expedition of Antonio Maria Cardoso to the interior to visit Umzila; thus the first appearance of our subject comes when he was over I4.O years of age and close to ascending the throne of Gaza. Although we lack details of his early life, v/e can understand his later life and subsequent fall only by studying the reign of his father Umzila. For Umzila entered a unique relationship with the Portuguese on the coast after 1858, and Gungunhana was later burdened with his father's indebtedness to the Portuguese authorities as well as with a legacy of decreased Ngoni military power. The weaknesses of Gungunhana were but reflection of his father's problms. 2. Amadeu Cunha, Mousinho (Lisbon, 19l\l\.) ,p .I4.38 • Let us see if we can go to Transvaal To fly to Gungunhana. But they do not allow us They order us to turn back. |
Archival file | Volume7/CENPA-021~13.tiff |