Diet and atherosclerosis in a working cohort. - Page 60 |
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regression models using GLM. This method tested for a linear relationship between each
nutrient and IMT. There is only one degree of freedom for the nutrient in the model since the
regression estimated a single straight line for each variable rather than estimating a number of
cell means. Both mean and median values, within each quintile, were calculated separately for
each nutrient model. Median substitution were used to minimize the effect of the non-normal
distributions. Models were also calculated separately for each sex to determine if relationships
between the nutrient and IMT was moderated by gender.
The interaction between cholesterol intake and the individual dietary antioxidants as well
as TAI were each tested using ANCOVA. Categories of “low” and “high” intake were determined
by placing each person in one of the two groups based on reported intake as below or above the
median value for the group. Specific cut-off values were vitamin E /1000 kcals = 5.8; |J-carotene/
1000 kcals = 1413.06; vitamin A/1000 kcals = 558.01; vitamin C/1000 kcals = 67.6;
selenium/1000 kcals = 57.5; and -1.1 for the TAI. The two groups were compared to determine
the change in IMT across increasing cholesterol intake (per 1000 kcal intake). Covariates
included age, sex, height, and cigarette pack years. Final models included total energy, SBP,
DBP, smoking status, BMI, the log of PAI, and the sagittal to transverse ratio. When the group
being assessed consisted only of women, menopause status was added to the model as a
covariate. All analyses were done with SAS software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC).
RESULTS
Mean carotid wall thickness (mm) values were 0.684 (± 0.095) for the whole group with
men slightly higher at 0.696 (± 0.103) and women slightly lower at 0.671 (± 0.083). Men who
smoke have higher IMT (0.74 ± 0.11 mm) versus the mean IMT of non-smoking men (0.674 ±
0.093) and of women (nonsmokers 0.068 ± 0.08 mm and smokers 0.0671 ± 0.09 mm).
On average, the men and women of the LAAS cohort met the USDA guideline to eat
less than 300 mg cholesterol daily—consuming a mean of 264.4 ± 141.8 mg dietary cholesterol
or 131.2 ± 57.6 mg per 1000 kcals. Percent calories from fat averaged 32.0% ± 7.4, with nonsmoking
women reporting 31.2 ± 7.2% and 34.4 ± 9.4% for women who currently smoked. Men
48
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| Title | Diet and atherosclerosis in a working cohort. - Page 60 |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | regression models using GLM. This method tested for a linear relationship between each nutrient and IMT. There is only one degree of freedom for the nutrient in the model since the regression estimated a single straight line for each variable rather than estimating a number of cell means. Both mean and median values, within each quintile, were calculated separately for each nutrient model. Median substitution were used to minimize the effect of the non-normal distributions. Models were also calculated separately for each sex to determine if relationships between the nutrient and IMT was moderated by gender. The interaction between cholesterol intake and the individual dietary antioxidants as well as TAI were each tested using ANCOVA. Categories of “low” and “high” intake were determined by placing each person in one of the two groups based on reported intake as below or above the median value for the group. Specific cut-off values were vitamin E /1000 kcals = 5.8; |J-carotene/ 1000 kcals = 1413.06; vitamin A/1000 kcals = 558.01; vitamin C/1000 kcals = 67.6; selenium/1000 kcals = 57.5; and -1.1 for the TAI. The two groups were compared to determine the change in IMT across increasing cholesterol intake (per 1000 kcal intake). Covariates included age, sex, height, and cigarette pack years. Final models included total energy, SBP, DBP, smoking status, BMI, the log of PAI, and the sagittal to transverse ratio. When the group being assessed consisted only of women, menopause status was added to the model as a covariate. All analyses were done with SAS software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). RESULTS Mean carotid wall thickness (mm) values were 0.684 (± 0.095) for the whole group with men slightly higher at 0.696 (± 0.103) and women slightly lower at 0.671 (± 0.083). Men who smoke have higher IMT (0.74 ± 0.11 mm) versus the mean IMT of non-smoking men (0.674 ± 0.093) and of women (nonsmokers 0.068 ± 0.08 mm and smokers 0.0671 ± 0.09 mm). On average, the men and women of the LAAS cohort met the USDA guideline to eat less than 300 mg cholesterol daily—consuming a mean of 264.4 ± 141.8 mg dietary cholesterol or 131.2 ± 57.6 mg per 1000 kcals. Percent calories from fat averaged 32.0% ± 7.4, with nonsmoking women reporting 31.2 ± 7.2% and 34.4 ± 9.4% for women who currently smoked. Men 48 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. |
