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100
by air plethysmography (BodPodTM) and pubertal Tanner stage was assessed by a
licensed pediatric health care provider.(196)
Metabolic Measures
Sitting blood pressure was measured in triplicate using the right arm after the participant
had rested for 5 minutes.(150) Waist circumference was measured in triplicate at the
umbilicus and recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm. Blood samples taken during the FSIVGTT
were centrifuged immediately for 10 min at 2500 rpm and 8–10 °C to obtain plasma, and
aliquots were frozen at −70 °C until assayed. Glucose was assayed using a Yellow
Springs Instruments 2700 analyzer (Yellow Springs Instrument, Yellow Springs, OH)
that uses a membrane bound glucose oxidase technique. Fasting lipids including
triglycerides and HDL-cholestero were assessed using Vitros Chemistry DT Slides
(Johnson and Johnson Clinical Diagnostics, Inc., Rochester, New York).
Definition of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)
Because no standard definition for MetS exists for pediatric populations, we used a
combination of pediatric definitions proposed by Cruz et al(41) and Cook et al,(36, 184)a
who applied pediatric cutoffs to the Adult Treatment Panel III definition.(64) This
definition has been applied in our previous studies.(41, 184) To be classified as having
a Cook et al originally used fasting glucose 110 mg/dl to define Impaired Fasting Glucose. The criteria for
Impaired Fasting Glucose has been updated by the American Diabetes Association as a fasting glucose 100
mg/d.(16) The revised cut-point has been used.
Object Description
| Title | The vicious cycle of inactivity, obesity, and metabolic health consequences in at-risk pediatric populations |
| Author | Hsu, Ya-Wen |
| Author email | ywxxbirdy@yahoo.com; yawenhsu@usc.edu |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Preventive Medicine (Health Behavior) |
| School | Keck School of Medicine |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-09 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Restricted until 26 Apr. 2012. |
| Date published | 2012-04-26 |
| Advisor (committee chair) |
Chou, Chih-Ping Spruijt-Metz, Donna |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Unger, Jennifer B. Azen, Stanley Paul Palinkas, Lawrence A. |
| Abstract | PURPOSE: This dissertation examined the associations between physical activity, sedentary behavior, overweight, and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in at-risk pediatric populations in the United States and in China. Study 1 identified the independent influences of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and other weight-related correlates on overweight status in Chinese youth. Study 2 explored the influences of physical activity and sedentary behavior on MetS in US minority youth. Study 3 compared the longitudinal trends of physical activity and sedentary behavior between youth with and without MetS in a sample of US minority female youth.; METHODS: Participants were youth (ages 8-18 years) in the United States and in China. Study 1 used baseline data from of a longitudinal smoking prevention and health promotion study conducted in the 7 large cities in China for Chinese youth ages 11-18 years. Study 2 used baseline data from three related pediatric obesity studies that share a set of common methods and measures (US Latino and African American youth ages 8-18 years). Data for Study 3 are from a longitudinal, observation study for Latina and African American female youth ages 8-11 years at baseline.; RESULTS: In Study 1, Chinese youth were more likely to be overweight if they spent more time being sedentary, slept <7 hours/night, were male, were younger, participated more in vigorous physical activity, had higher levels of parental education, better self-perceived health status, a higher frequency of vegetable intake, and a lower frequency of sweet/fast food intake. In Study 2, lower levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (by accelerometry) and higher levels of sedentary behavior (by 3-day physical activity recall) are associated with increased the metabolic risk independent of each other and body composition. In Study 3, a significant decline in MVPA and an increase in sedentary behavior were observed over one year. Sedentary behavior as measured by accelerometry increased 23.42 minutes/per quarterly visit, adding up to 93.68 minutes/per year more in youth with MetS than in those without.; CONCLUSION: Overweight-related correlates seem to play different roles in the Chinese culture than in Western cultures. Findings from this dissertation support a vicious cycle of increasing inactivity, obesity, and metabolic complications. These findings, coupled with longitudinal evidence of the effects of activity levels on obesity and MetS, suggests that physical activity and sedentary behavior could function as antecedents as well as consequences of overweight or MetS in youth. |
| Keyword | Chinese youth; metabolic syndrome; minority youth; obesity; physical activity; sedentary behavior |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA; China |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3779 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Hsu, Ya-Wen |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Hsu-4455 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume23/etd-Hsu-4455.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 111 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 100 by air plethysmography (BodPodTM) and pubertal Tanner stage was assessed by a licensed pediatric health care provider.(196) Metabolic Measures Sitting blood pressure was measured in triplicate using the right arm after the participant had rested for 5 minutes.(150) Waist circumference was measured in triplicate at the umbilicus and recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm. Blood samples taken during the FSIVGTT were centrifuged immediately for 10 min at 2500 rpm and 8–10 °C to obtain plasma, and aliquots were frozen at −70 °C until assayed. Glucose was assayed using a Yellow Springs Instruments 2700 analyzer (Yellow Springs Instrument, Yellow Springs, OH) that uses a membrane bound glucose oxidase technique. Fasting lipids including triglycerides and HDL-cholestero were assessed using Vitros Chemistry DT Slides (Johnson and Johnson Clinical Diagnostics, Inc., Rochester, New York). Definition of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) Because no standard definition for MetS exists for pediatric populations, we used a combination of pediatric definitions proposed by Cruz et al(41) and Cook et al,(36, 184)a who applied pediatric cutoffs to the Adult Treatment Panel III definition.(64) This definition has been applied in our previous studies.(41, 184) To be classified as having a Cook et al originally used fasting glucose 110 mg/dl to define Impaired Fasting Glucose. The criteria for Impaired Fasting Glucose has been updated by the American Diabetes Association as a fasting glucose 100 mg/d.(16) The revised cut-point has been used. |
