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47 increment (1 SD) of sedentary behavior. These technology-related sedentary activities were originally available only to the higher SES populations in China. However, as rapid economic development has made these technologies more readily available to a wider population, the adverse influence of small screen recreation on pediatric adiposity appears to be crossing socioeconomic as well as cultural boundaries. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the sleep-overweight relationship.(27, 235) One theory proposes that individuals with shorter sleep duration have lower energy expenditure, given that sleep deprivation generally leads to changes in the structure of sleep stages and results in fatigue, daytime sleepiness, and low physical activity levels.(181) Another theory proposes that sleep deprivation leads to an elevation of ghrelin and a depression of leptin, and that these changes are sufficient to stimulate appetite and hunger.(116, 195) While our data on sedentary behavior and sleep concurred with studies in Western cultures, several East-West paradoxes emerged. First, we found that higher parental income was related to overweight, but when parental education and other covariates were adjusted, parental income was not significant while parental education remained significant. A mix of higher parental income and higher parental education seems to be related to pediatric obesity in China, while they are related to lower BMI in Western countries.(79) It has been suggested earlier that higher SES youth were more likely to be overweight in China.(212) Similar to the concept of fundamental causes of disease,(115) previous research indicated that the relations of SES and overweight varied across
Object Description
Title | The vicious cycle of inactivity, obesity, and metabolic health consequences in at-risk pediatric populations |
Author | Hsu, Ya-Wen |
Author email | ywxxbirdy@yahoo.com; yawenhsu@usc.edu |
Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
Document type | Dissertation |
Degree program | Preventive Medicine (Health Behavior) |
School | Keck School of Medicine |
Date defended/completed | 2011-03-09 |
Date submitted | 2011 |
Restricted until | Restricted until 26 Apr. 2012. |
Date published | 2012-04-26 |
Advisor (committee chair) |
Chou, Chih-Ping Spruijt-Metz, Donna |
Advisor (committee member) |
Unger, Jennifer B. Azen, Stanley Paul Palinkas, Lawrence A. |
Abstract | PURPOSE: This dissertation examined the associations between physical activity, sedentary behavior, overweight, and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in at-risk pediatric populations in the United States and in China. Study 1 identified the independent influences of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and other weight-related correlates on overweight status in Chinese youth. Study 2 explored the influences of physical activity and sedentary behavior on MetS in US minority youth. Study 3 compared the longitudinal trends of physical activity and sedentary behavior between youth with and without MetS in a sample of US minority female youth.; METHODS: Participants were youth (ages 8-18 years) in the United States and in China. Study 1 used baseline data from of a longitudinal smoking prevention and health promotion study conducted in the 7 large cities in China for Chinese youth ages 11-18 years. Study 2 used baseline data from three related pediatric obesity studies that share a set of common methods and measures (US Latino and African American youth ages 8-18 years). Data for Study 3 are from a longitudinal, observation study for Latina and African American female youth ages 8-11 years at baseline.; RESULTS: In Study 1, Chinese youth were more likely to be overweight if they spent more time being sedentary, slept <7 hours/night, were male, were younger, participated more in vigorous physical activity, had higher levels of parental education, better self-perceived health status, a higher frequency of vegetable intake, and a lower frequency of sweet/fast food intake. In Study 2, lower levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (by accelerometry) and higher levels of sedentary behavior (by 3-day physical activity recall) are associated with increased the metabolic risk independent of each other and body composition. In Study 3, a significant decline in MVPA and an increase in sedentary behavior were observed over one year. Sedentary behavior as measured by accelerometry increased 23.42 minutes/per quarterly visit, adding up to 93.68 minutes/per year more in youth with MetS than in those without.; CONCLUSION: Overweight-related correlates seem to play different roles in the Chinese culture than in Western cultures. Findings from this dissertation support a vicious cycle of increasing inactivity, obesity, and metabolic complications. These findings, coupled with longitudinal evidence of the effects of activity levels on obesity and MetS, suggests that physical activity and sedentary behavior could function as antecedents as well as consequences of overweight or MetS in youth. |
Keyword | Chinese youth; metabolic syndrome; minority youth; obesity; physical activity; sedentary behavior |
Geographic subject (country) | USA; China |
Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
Language | English |
Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
Type | texts |
Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3779 |
Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
Rights | Hsu, Ya-Wen |
Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
Filename | etd-Hsu-4455 |
Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume23/etd-Hsu-4455.pdf |
Description
Title | Page 58 |
Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
Full text | 47 increment (1 SD) of sedentary behavior. These technology-related sedentary activities were originally available only to the higher SES populations in China. However, as rapid economic development has made these technologies more readily available to a wider population, the adverse influence of small screen recreation on pediatric adiposity appears to be crossing socioeconomic as well as cultural boundaries. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the sleep-overweight relationship.(27, 235) One theory proposes that individuals with shorter sleep duration have lower energy expenditure, given that sleep deprivation generally leads to changes in the structure of sleep stages and results in fatigue, daytime sleepiness, and low physical activity levels.(181) Another theory proposes that sleep deprivation leads to an elevation of ghrelin and a depression of leptin, and that these changes are sufficient to stimulate appetite and hunger.(116, 195) While our data on sedentary behavior and sleep concurred with studies in Western cultures, several East-West paradoxes emerged. First, we found that higher parental income was related to overweight, but when parental education and other covariates were adjusted, parental income was not significant while parental education remained significant. A mix of higher parental income and higher parental education seems to be related to pediatric obesity in China, while they are related to lower BMI in Western countries.(79) It has been suggested earlier that higher SES youth were more likely to be overweight in China.(212) Similar to the concept of fundamental causes of disease,(115) previous research indicated that the relations of SES and overweight varied across |