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124
Table 3.4 (Continued) Effect of Air Pollution on the Percent of Students at Least
Proficient in English/Language Arts – Grade-School and Year Effects
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Fully certified teachers (%) 0.048** 0.046** 0.049** 0.046** 0.047**
[0.006] [0.007] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006]
Expenditure per student 0.012 0.032 0.016 0.003 0.007
[0.027] [0.025] [0.028] [0.028] [0.028]
Non-native English speakers (%) -0.110** -0.113** -0.111** -0.112** -0.114**
[0.007] [0.008] [0.008] [0.008] [0.008]
School enrollment -0.002** -0.002** -0.002** -0.002** -0.002**
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
Observations 142320 130832 137600 135815 135571
R-squared 0.904 0.908 0.905 0.905 0.905
Standard errors in parentheses are clustered by school and robust to heteroskedasticity. ** significant at
1%; * significant at 5%; + significant at 10%.
schools, the percent at least proficient in mathematics is 22.5 percentage points higher in
high-income schools (61.8%) compared to low-income schools (39.3%). The percent of
days above the standard for PM10 in low-income schools is 14.3 and it is 9.3 for high-income
schools − a gap of 5 percentage points. If these low-income schools had the
pollution levels of the high income schools then the percent at least proficient would
increase by 0.12. This would reduce the gap between low- and high- income schools by
half a percentage point.
Another way to calculate the impact of the change in pollution is to examine the
trends over time. Using all grade-school observations, the average percent of days that
O3 was above the standard was 1.78 in 2002 and 1.06 in 2008. This is a 0.72 percentage
point decrease in the percent of days above the O3 standard. During this same time
124
Object Description
| Title | Essays on health and well-being |
| Author | Zweig, Jacqueline Smith |
| Author email | smith2@usc.edu; jackiesmith04@yahoo.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Economics |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-23 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Restricted until 26 Apr. 2012. |
| Date published | 2012-04-26 |
| Advisor (committee chair) |
Easterlin, Richard A. Ham, John C. |
| Advisor (committee member) | Melguizo, Tatiana |
| Abstract | This dissertation is comprised of three chapters that use microeconometric techniques to investigate the factors that affect people’s well-being. In the first two chapters, well-being is defined as life satisfaction or health satisfaction. The first chapter explores how the movement from socialism to capitalism affected the life satisfaction and health satisfaction of East Germans relative to West Germans after reunification. The second chapter examines whether women are happier, less happy, or equally happy as men in countries at various stages of development. The third chapter examines whether pollution affects the academic performance of school children; their academic performance and achievements will have important implications for their future well-being. |
| Keyword | happiness; well-being |
| Geographic subject | Germany |
| Geographic subject (state) | California |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1990/2010; 2002/2008 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3782 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zweig, Jacqueline Smith |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zweig-4500 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume23/etd-Zweig-4500.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 133 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 124 Table 3.4 (Continued) Effect of Air Pollution on the Percent of Students at Least Proficient in English/Language Arts – Grade-School and Year Effects (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Fully certified teachers (%) 0.048** 0.046** 0.049** 0.046** 0.047** [0.006] [0.007] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006] Expenditure per student 0.012 0.032 0.016 0.003 0.007 [0.027] [0.025] [0.028] [0.028] [0.028] Non-native English speakers (%) -0.110** -0.113** -0.111** -0.112** -0.114** [0.007] [0.008] [0.008] [0.008] [0.008] School enrollment -0.002** -0.002** -0.002** -0.002** -0.002** [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] Observations 142320 130832 137600 135815 135571 R-squared 0.904 0.908 0.905 0.905 0.905 Standard errors in parentheses are clustered by school and robust to heteroskedasticity. ** significant at 1%; * significant at 5%; + significant at 10%. schools, the percent at least proficient in mathematics is 22.5 percentage points higher in high-income schools (61.8%) compared to low-income schools (39.3%). The percent of days above the standard for PM10 in low-income schools is 14.3 and it is 9.3 for high-income schools − a gap of 5 percentage points. If these low-income schools had the pollution levels of the high income schools then the percent at least proficient would increase by 0.12. This would reduce the gap between low- and high- income schools by half a percentage point. Another way to calculate the impact of the change in pollution is to examine the trends over time. Using all grade-school observations, the average percent of days that O3 was above the standard was 1.78 in 2002 and 1.06 in 2008. This is a 0.72 percentage point decrease in the percent of days above the O3 standard. During this same time 124 |
