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115
McConnell et al., 2002, Pope & Dockery, 2006; Russell & Brunekreef, 2009; and Yu,
Sheppard, Lumley, Koenig, & Shapiro, 2000). A major source of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and
CO is vehicle exhaust. Other sources of particulate matter include dust from the earth's
surface, pollen, forest fires, power plants, and factories. CO is also formed through the
improper burning of various fuels, but the greatest exposure comes from smoking
cigarettes. NO2 is emitted from coal-burning power plants and the burning of fossil fuels.
O3 is formed through a chemical reaction between nitrogen oxides, sunlight, and various
gaseous pollutants, which are often emitted from vehicles.19
The pollution data are from the Air Resources Board of California, (Daily Data,
2010). The only feasible way of measuring pollution is at the school-year level, since
there is no way to obtain addresses for the students. (Thus there is no variation in
pollution across grades for a given school in a specific year.) The pollution measure used
in this study is the percent of days that exceed the California Standard for that pollutant.
The California one-hour standards are 20 parts per million (ppm) for CO, 0.18 ppm for
NO2, and 0.09 ppm for O3. The standards for PM10 and PM2.5 are based on a 24-hour
measure rather than a one-hour measure. The 24-hour standard is 50 micrograms per
cubic meter (μg/m3) for PM10 and 35 μg/m3 for PM2.5 (California Environmental
Protection Agency, 2009). The California standards are stricter than the federal standards
for all pollutants except for PM2.5, which is the same as the federal standard.
To obtain our pollution measure, we first use the longitude and latitude for each
school and for each pollution monitor in California to find all monitors within a 20-mile
19 For additional information on these pollutants, see Environmental Protection Agency (2011).
115
Object Description
| Title | Essays on health and well-being |
| Author | Zweig, Jacqueline Smith |
| Author email | smith2@usc.edu; jackiesmith04@yahoo.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Economics |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-23 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Restricted until 26 Apr. 2012. |
| Date published | 2012-04-26 |
| Advisor (committee chair) |
Easterlin, Richard A. Ham, John C. |
| Advisor (committee member) | Melguizo, Tatiana |
| Abstract | This dissertation is comprised of three chapters that use microeconometric techniques to investigate the factors that affect people’s well-being. In the first two chapters, well-being is defined as life satisfaction or health satisfaction. The first chapter explores how the movement from socialism to capitalism affected the life satisfaction and health satisfaction of East Germans relative to West Germans after reunification. The second chapter examines whether women are happier, less happy, or equally happy as men in countries at various stages of development. The third chapter examines whether pollution affects the academic performance of school children; their academic performance and achievements will have important implications for their future well-being. |
| Keyword | happiness; well-being |
| Geographic subject | Germany |
| Geographic subject (state) | California |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1990/2010; 2002/2008 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3782 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zweig, Jacqueline Smith |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zweig-4500 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume23/etd-Zweig-4500.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 124 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 115 McConnell et al., 2002, Pope & Dockery, 2006; Russell & Brunekreef, 2009; and Yu, Sheppard, Lumley, Koenig, & Shapiro, 2000). A major source of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and CO is vehicle exhaust. Other sources of particulate matter include dust from the earth's surface, pollen, forest fires, power plants, and factories. CO is also formed through the improper burning of various fuels, but the greatest exposure comes from smoking cigarettes. NO2 is emitted from coal-burning power plants and the burning of fossil fuels. O3 is formed through a chemical reaction between nitrogen oxides, sunlight, and various gaseous pollutants, which are often emitted from vehicles.19 The pollution data are from the Air Resources Board of California, (Daily Data, 2010). The only feasible way of measuring pollution is at the school-year level, since there is no way to obtain addresses for the students. (Thus there is no variation in pollution across grades for a given school in a specific year.) The pollution measure used in this study is the percent of days that exceed the California Standard for that pollutant. The California one-hour standards are 20 parts per million (ppm) for CO, 0.18 ppm for NO2, and 0.09 ppm for O3. The standards for PM10 and PM2.5 are based on a 24-hour measure rather than a one-hour measure. The 24-hour standard is 50 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3) for PM10 and 35 μg/m3 for PM2.5 (California Environmental Protection Agency, 2009). The California standards are stricter than the federal standards for all pollutants except for PM2.5, which is the same as the federal standard. To obtain our pollution measure, we first use the longitude and latitude for each school and for each pollution monitor in California to find all monitors within a 20-mile 19 For additional information on these pollutants, see Environmental Protection Agency (2011). 115 |
