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114
3.4 DATA
The summary statistics for the variables used in this study: test performance,
pollution, school characteristics, and district/county characteristics are shown in Table
3.1. Panel A contains summary statistics for the percent in each grade that were at least
proficient on the California Standards Tests (CSTs). The average percent at least
proficient in mathematics is 50.8% and the percent at least proficient in English/language
arts is 43.5%. The goal in California is for all students to score at least proficient. A
scaled score above 350 out of 600 is considered proficient, where a score above 400 is
considered advanced. We constructed the percent at least proficient by adding together
the percent advanced and the percent proficient. We include years 2002 through 2008
because this is a period during which the format of the exams remained the same. Our
analysis includes grades 2 through 6 because the same tests are administered to all
students within each grade. We avoid data from grade 7 on, since from grade 7 on,
students may take different mathematics courses based on ability – for example, algebra,
geometry, or basic mathematics – which would raise difficult selection issues for our
analysis.
Our main explanatory variables of interest are measures of pollution. As noted
above, we consider five pollutants in this paper: coarse particulate matter (PM10); fine
particulate matter (PM2.5); nitrogen dioxide (NO2); carbon monoxide (CO); and Ozone
(O3). We use these specific pollutants in our analysis because they have been studied in
the previous literature (Currie et al., 2009, Gilliland et al., 2001) and are correlated with
various diseases (Gauderman et al., 2005; Grahame & Schlesinger, 2007; Kurt,
Mogielnicki, Chandler, 1978; Linn, Szlachcic, Gong, Kinney, & Berhane, 2000;
114
Object Description
| Title | Essays on health and well-being |
| Author | Zweig, Jacqueline Smith |
| Author email | smith2@usc.edu; jackiesmith04@yahoo.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Economics |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-23 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Restricted until 26 Apr. 2012. |
| Date published | 2012-04-26 |
| Advisor (committee chair) |
Easterlin, Richard A. Ham, John C. |
| Advisor (committee member) | Melguizo, Tatiana |
| Abstract | This dissertation is comprised of three chapters that use microeconometric techniques to investigate the factors that affect people’s well-being. In the first two chapters, well-being is defined as life satisfaction or health satisfaction. The first chapter explores how the movement from socialism to capitalism affected the life satisfaction and health satisfaction of East Germans relative to West Germans after reunification. The second chapter examines whether women are happier, less happy, or equally happy as men in countries at various stages of development. The third chapter examines whether pollution affects the academic performance of school children; their academic performance and achievements will have important implications for their future well-being. |
| Keyword | happiness; well-being |
| Geographic subject | Germany |
| Geographic subject (state) | California |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1990/2010; 2002/2008 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3782 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zweig, Jacqueline Smith |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zweig-4500 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume23/etd-Zweig-4500.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 123 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 114 3.4 DATA The summary statistics for the variables used in this study: test performance, pollution, school characteristics, and district/county characteristics are shown in Table 3.1. Panel A contains summary statistics for the percent in each grade that were at least proficient on the California Standards Tests (CSTs). The average percent at least proficient in mathematics is 50.8% and the percent at least proficient in English/language arts is 43.5%. The goal in California is for all students to score at least proficient. A scaled score above 350 out of 600 is considered proficient, where a score above 400 is considered advanced. We constructed the percent at least proficient by adding together the percent advanced and the percent proficient. We include years 2002 through 2008 because this is a period during which the format of the exams remained the same. Our analysis includes grades 2 through 6 because the same tests are administered to all students within each grade. We avoid data from grade 7 on, since from grade 7 on, students may take different mathematics courses based on ability – for example, algebra, geometry, or basic mathematics – which would raise difficult selection issues for our analysis. Our main explanatory variables of interest are measures of pollution. As noted above, we consider five pollutants in this paper: coarse particulate matter (PM10); fine particulate matter (PM2.5); nitrogen dioxide (NO2); carbon monoxide (CO); and Ozone (O3). We use these specific pollutants in our analysis because they have been studied in the previous literature (Currie et al., 2009, Gilliland et al., 2001) and are correlated with various diseases (Gauderman et al., 2005; Grahame & Schlesinger, 2007; Kurt, Mogielnicki, Chandler, 1978; Linn, Szlachcic, Gong, Kinney, & Berhane, 2000; 114 |
