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111
score. In an OLS regression, the authors regress the API score on the respiratory risk
index, a dummy equal to one if a facility releasing substances covered by the TRI and in
the 33/50 program is within one mile of the school.18 The authors find that having a
33/50 facility within a 1 mile radius has a negative and significant effect on academic
performance even after controlling for some socioeconomic status variables such as
parents’ education, percent minority, and percent who are English learners.
Pastor, Morello-Frosch, and Sadd (2006) expand their previous analysis to all
schools in California. They again use the API score as their measure of academic
performance and construct similar respiratory risk indices. To examine whether the
mechanism by which exposure to air pollution affects academic performance is through
asthma, the authors first run a tobit regression of the three-year averaged, age-adjusted,
asthma hospitalization rates by Zip Code Tabulation Area on their measure of exposure
controlling for socioeconomic status. They find that areas with higher respiratory risk
have higher hospitalization rates. They then turn to academic performance, and find
again that schools located in higher pollution areas have lower API scores. They estimate
that moving from the seventy-fifth percentile to the median level of the respiratory hazard
ratio would improve test scores by about 1.2%. However, the assumptions necessary to
interpret their estimates of the effect of pollution on school performance as causal are
identical to the epidemiological studies discussed above and hence likely to be much too
strong. Below we aim to use an econometric approach very similar to those used in the
18 The 33/50 program was a voluntary program by the EPA set to reduce the release of 17 targeted priority
chemicals. It was enacted in 1991 and its goals was to reduce the release and transfer of chemical by 50%
by 1995, measured against a 1988 baseline (EPA, 1999).
111
Object Description
| Title | Essays on health and well-being |
| Author | Zweig, Jacqueline Smith |
| Author email | smith2@usc.edu; jackiesmith04@yahoo.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Economics |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-23 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Restricted until 26 Apr. 2012. |
| Date published | 2012-04-26 |
| Advisor (committee chair) |
Easterlin, Richard A. Ham, John C. |
| Advisor (committee member) | Melguizo, Tatiana |
| Abstract | This dissertation is comprised of three chapters that use microeconometric techniques to investigate the factors that affect people’s well-being. In the first two chapters, well-being is defined as life satisfaction or health satisfaction. The first chapter explores how the movement from socialism to capitalism affected the life satisfaction and health satisfaction of East Germans relative to West Germans after reunification. The second chapter examines whether women are happier, less happy, or equally happy as men in countries at various stages of development. The third chapter examines whether pollution affects the academic performance of school children; their academic performance and achievements will have important implications for their future well-being. |
| Keyword | happiness; well-being |
| Geographic subject | Germany |
| Geographic subject (state) | California |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1990/2010; 2002/2008 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3782 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zweig, Jacqueline Smith |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zweig-4500 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume23/etd-Zweig-4500.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 120 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 111 score. In an OLS regression, the authors regress the API score on the respiratory risk index, a dummy equal to one if a facility releasing substances covered by the TRI and in the 33/50 program is within one mile of the school.18 The authors find that having a 33/50 facility within a 1 mile radius has a negative and significant effect on academic performance even after controlling for some socioeconomic status variables such as parents’ education, percent minority, and percent who are English learners. Pastor, Morello-Frosch, and Sadd (2006) expand their previous analysis to all schools in California. They again use the API score as their measure of academic performance and construct similar respiratory risk indices. To examine whether the mechanism by which exposure to air pollution affects academic performance is through asthma, the authors first run a tobit regression of the three-year averaged, age-adjusted, asthma hospitalization rates by Zip Code Tabulation Area on their measure of exposure controlling for socioeconomic status. They find that areas with higher respiratory risk have higher hospitalization rates. They then turn to academic performance, and find again that schools located in higher pollution areas have lower API scores. They estimate that moving from the seventy-fifth percentile to the median level of the respiratory hazard ratio would improve test scores by about 1.2%. However, the assumptions necessary to interpret their estimates of the effect of pollution on school performance as causal are identical to the epidemiological studies discussed above and hence likely to be much too strong. Below we aim to use an econometric approach very similar to those used in the 18 The 33/50 program was a voluntary program by the EPA set to reduce the release of 17 targeted priority chemicals. It was enacted in 1991 and its goals was to reduce the release and transfer of chemical by 50% by 1995, measured against a 1988 baseline (EPA, 1999). 111 |
