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96
mean of the developed countries’ coefficients, while there is small decrease for the Asian
countries. However, the average change in female-male differences in life satisfaction is
always less than 0.11 when controls are included, confirming that female-male
differences in life satisfaction do not depend on geography.
Lastly, I examine whether the impact of the control variables on the coefficients
depends on a country’s stage of economic development. For each country, I compute the
difference in coefficients from the no-controls case and the coefficients after controlling
for economic factors, life circumstances, and demographic characteristics. The
differences in those coefficients are plotted against log GDP per capita in Figure 2.10.
There is no systematic relationship between stage of development and the impact of the
control variables on female-male differences in life satisfaction.
2.6 CONCLUSION
This paper has shown that women are at least as satisfied as men in nearly all
countries studied, regardless of a country’s stage of development, overall well-being, or
geographic location. This is in spite of the fact that women are on average less educated,
have lower income, and are more likely to be widowed or divorced. The results after
controlling for individual circumstances that usually favor men show that the “pure
effect” of being female is larger than the average effect. Women are statistically
significantly more satisfied with life than men in about a third of the countries. Women
of the same age, education level, occupational status, etc. are equally happy or happier
than their male counterparts. The increase in the happiness gap is larger in countries
with smaller initial differences in life satisfaction; however there is no consistent pattern
96
Object Description
| Title | Essays on health and well-being |
| Author | Zweig, Jacqueline Smith |
| Author email | smith2@usc.edu; jackiesmith04@yahoo.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Economics |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-23 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Restricted until 26 Apr. 2012. |
| Date published | 2012-04-26 |
| Advisor (committee chair) |
Easterlin, Richard A. Ham, John C. |
| Advisor (committee member) | Melguizo, Tatiana |
| Abstract | This dissertation is comprised of three chapters that use microeconometric techniques to investigate the factors that affect people’s well-being. In the first two chapters, well-being is defined as life satisfaction or health satisfaction. The first chapter explores how the movement from socialism to capitalism affected the life satisfaction and health satisfaction of East Germans relative to West Germans after reunification. The second chapter examines whether women are happier, less happy, or equally happy as men in countries at various stages of development. The third chapter examines whether pollution affects the academic performance of school children; their academic performance and achievements will have important implications for their future well-being. |
| Keyword | happiness; well-being |
| Geographic subject | Germany |
| Geographic subject (state) | California |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1990/2010; 2002/2008 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3782 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zweig, Jacqueline Smith |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zweig-4500 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume23/etd-Zweig-4500.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 105 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 96 mean of the developed countries’ coefficients, while there is small decrease for the Asian countries. However, the average change in female-male differences in life satisfaction is always less than 0.11 when controls are included, confirming that female-male differences in life satisfaction do not depend on geography. Lastly, I examine whether the impact of the control variables on the coefficients depends on a country’s stage of economic development. For each country, I compute the difference in coefficients from the no-controls case and the coefficients after controlling for economic factors, life circumstances, and demographic characteristics. The differences in those coefficients are plotted against log GDP per capita in Figure 2.10. There is no systematic relationship between stage of development and the impact of the control variables on female-male differences in life satisfaction. 2.6 CONCLUSION This paper has shown that women are at least as satisfied as men in nearly all countries studied, regardless of a country’s stage of development, overall well-being, or geographic location. This is in spite of the fact that women are on average less educated, have lower income, and are more likely to be widowed or divorced. The results after controlling for individual circumstances that usually favor men show that the “pure effect” of being female is larger than the average effect. Women are statistically significantly more satisfied with life than men in about a third of the countries. Women of the same age, education level, occupational status, etc. are equally happy or happier than their male counterparts. The increase in the happiness gap is larger in countries with smaller initial differences in life satisfaction; however there is no consistent pattern 96 |
