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223
Figure 31: Astana Preference for Language Policy in Kazakhstan
Source: Author’s 2009-2010 survey, question “How would you assess the role of Kazakh and Russian languages in Kazakhstan?”
Figure 30 suggests another dimension of national identity which consistently, across all ethnic groups, receives higher interest in Astana than elsewhere324 (albeit still lower than preference for the Kazakh culture in the capital): the international status of Kazakhstan as the determining factor of national identity of the republic.325 This feeds directly into the idea that in Kazakhstan, foreign policy and domestic discourse regarding development and implementation of foreign policy feed into the formation of national identity. Social constructivist theory advanced by Hopf and Prizel’s study of foreign policy formation in new states of the former Soviet bloc offer a theoretical background in
324 Except in Aktau – there 30% of all respondents consider international status the primary factor of national identity in Kazakhstan, see p. 119
325 One evidence of the relationship is the initial reaction of Kazakhstan, from the people to the foreign policy establishment, to the satirical movie “Borat” (Charles, 2006): not only the movie was barred from being broadcast in the country, the foreign ministry threatened to sue the principal actor, Sacha Baron Cohen for the offensive portrayal of the Kazakh people. Later on, however, the government of the Republic changed its stance, recognizing the value of the movie as a vehicle to promote the real country and people internationally (Saunders, 2008, pp. 124-125)
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Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 229 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 223 Figure 31: Astana Preference for Language Policy in Kazakhstan Source: Author’s 2009-2010 survey, question “How would you assess the role of Kazakh and Russian languages in Kazakhstan?” Figure 30 suggests another dimension of national identity which consistently, across all ethnic groups, receives higher interest in Astana than elsewhere324 (albeit still lower than preference for the Kazakh culture in the capital): the international status of Kazakhstan as the determining factor of national identity of the republic.325 This feeds directly into the idea that in Kazakhstan, foreign policy and domestic discourse regarding development and implementation of foreign policy feed into the formation of national identity. Social constructivist theory advanced by Hopf and Prizel’s study of foreign policy formation in new states of the former Soviet bloc offer a theoretical background in 324 Except in Aktau – there 30% of all respondents consider international status the primary factor of national identity in Kazakhstan, see p. 119 325 One evidence of the relationship is the initial reaction of Kazakhstan, from the people to the foreign policy establishment, to the satirical movie “Borat” (Charles, 2006): not only the movie was barred from being broadcast in the country, the foreign ministry threatened to sue the principal actor, Sacha Baron Cohen for the offensive portrayal of the Kazakh people. Later on, however, the government of the Republic changed its stance, recognizing the value of the movie as a vehicle to promote the real country and people internationally (Saunders, 2008, pp. 124-125) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% Kazakh Language Dual Language Kazakh Language Dual Language Kazakh Language Dual Language All Kazakhs Non-Kazakhs Astana Other Sites |
