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211
the entire country) became a priority for the government. Finally, the service industry of the capital required a substantial overhaul, prompting the drive to develop small business. All these factors will be discussed in detail below.
Astana’s symbolic architecture discussed above would have been impossible without a rapid rate of construction in the capital. The city is being built at break-neck speed, sometimes literally, when construction workers incur sever injuries or even die because the safety measures are relaxed for the sake of making the government-imposed deadlines.305 In addition to the monumental government buildings,306 Astana now sports a significantly expanded real-estate sector which was built to house all the incoming government officials and then to accommodate the rapidly growing population attracted by the growth of Astana.
Since 2005, there has been an explosion of real-estate construction in Astana: that year over 1,800 square meters of housing per 1,000 inhabitants were constructed – which is 5.5 times over the republican average! (Figure 27) Since then, even the global financial crisis only slightly slowed down the rate of construction. Astana’s rate of real estate growth per capita still stands at 5 times of that of the rest of the country, Almaty included, which is the second fastest growing city in the country. Together, Astana and
305 Or due to lax regulation of construction firms, in particular Turkish ones, which frequently ignore safety measures. (Omarov, 2010)
306 Which were constructed in two sets: on in the old part of town, and one in the new part, the left bank of the river Ishim which took much longer to complete. The first set of government buildings is much less impressive and now it is in the possession of the capital’s administration. (author’s personal observation)
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 217 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 211 the entire country) became a priority for the government. Finally, the service industry of the capital required a substantial overhaul, prompting the drive to develop small business. All these factors will be discussed in detail below. Astana’s symbolic architecture discussed above would have been impossible without a rapid rate of construction in the capital. The city is being built at break-neck speed, sometimes literally, when construction workers incur sever injuries or even die because the safety measures are relaxed for the sake of making the government-imposed deadlines.305 In addition to the monumental government buildings,306 Astana now sports a significantly expanded real-estate sector which was built to house all the incoming government officials and then to accommodate the rapidly growing population attracted by the growth of Astana. Since 2005, there has been an explosion of real-estate construction in Astana: that year over 1,800 square meters of housing per 1,000 inhabitants were constructed – which is 5.5 times over the republican average! (Figure 27) Since then, even the global financial crisis only slightly slowed down the rate of construction. Astana’s rate of real estate growth per capita still stands at 5 times of that of the rest of the country, Almaty included, which is the second fastest growing city in the country. Together, Astana and 305 Or due to lax regulation of construction firms, in particular Turkish ones, which frequently ignore safety measures. (Omarov, 2010) 306 Which were constructed in two sets: on in the old part of town, and one in the new part, the left bank of the river Ishim which took much longer to complete. The first set of government buildings is much less impressive and now it is in the possession of the capital’s administration. (author’s personal observation) |
