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192
officials who relocated to Astana from Almaty with their agencies in the late 1990s is one of the reminders of how the nomadic Kazakhs braved the nature of the steppe and how it shaped their identity. (Masanov N. , 1995) In the same way, the new capital is being built in such unwelcoming climate conditions to shape the new character of Kazakhstan, symbolizing its persistence and durability.
Furthermore, the connection with the nomadic past is also celebrated regularly in Astana during the festival of nomadic culture and lifestyle called “Millennia around Astana”264 conducted since 2008. Its purpose is to reinforce the sense of continuity with the Kazakh past: visitors get a chance to familiarize themselves with many aspects of nomadic life such as the mobile tent house made of felt called yurt, traditional clothing, cuisine, arts, sports and, of course, the Kazakh traditional arts of signing and music performance. (Astana Administration, 2010) The continuity with the past is also exemplified in a number of ancient settlements discovered near Astana. In addition to aforementioned ancient Bozokh, in close proximity to Astana there was discovered another settlement called Bytygay, used as the location of Tauke Khan’s265 court in the late 17th century. (Astana: Entsiklopedia, 2008, p. 36)
For functionalists, Astana is also the prime example of nation-building in the making. In the past, land did not mean much to the nomads, it was in communal ownership unlike the livestock which was the primary means of survival and subject to
264 Another purpose of this festival of nomadic civilization is to overcome the stigma associated with the nomadic past, when during the Soviet Union it was branded as retrograde and uncivilized – the festival aims to demonstrate the falsehood of such views.
265 Tauke Khan was the last independent Khan of all Kazakhs (see Chapter 1)
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 198 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 192 officials who relocated to Astana from Almaty with their agencies in the late 1990s is one of the reminders of how the nomadic Kazakhs braved the nature of the steppe and how it shaped their identity. (Masanov N. , 1995) In the same way, the new capital is being built in such unwelcoming climate conditions to shape the new character of Kazakhstan, symbolizing its persistence and durability. Furthermore, the connection with the nomadic past is also celebrated regularly in Astana during the festival of nomadic culture and lifestyle called “Millennia around Astana”264 conducted since 2008. Its purpose is to reinforce the sense of continuity with the Kazakh past: visitors get a chance to familiarize themselves with many aspects of nomadic life such as the mobile tent house made of felt called yurt, traditional clothing, cuisine, arts, sports and, of course, the Kazakh traditional arts of signing and music performance. (Astana Administration, 2010) The continuity with the past is also exemplified in a number of ancient settlements discovered near Astana. In addition to aforementioned ancient Bozokh, in close proximity to Astana there was discovered another settlement called Bytygay, used as the location of Tauke Khan’s265 court in the late 17th century. (Astana: Entsiklopedia, 2008, p. 36) For functionalists, Astana is also the prime example of nation-building in the making. In the past, land did not mean much to the nomads, it was in communal ownership unlike the livestock which was the primary means of survival and subject to 264 Another purpose of this festival of nomadic civilization is to overcome the stigma associated with the nomadic past, when during the Soviet Union it was branded as retrograde and uncivilized – the festival aims to demonstrate the falsehood of such views. 265 Tauke Khan was the last independent Khan of all Kazakhs (see Chapter 1) |
