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188
of motorized vehicles which now exceeds the number of people the city was initially designed for 30 or 40 years ago. (Kazakhstan Today, 2010) The threat of a catastrophic earthquake or a devastating mudflow is still present. At the same time, the threat of the Russian separatism in the north of the country in the early 90s was even more credible and it might have caused much more damage to the country than to losing the entire city of Almaty to a natural disaster. Besides, the early 90s were also marked by a deep recession and moving the capital served its purpose as a huge project that have produced a ripple effect throughout the economy of the entire country, helping its revival.
257
However, the major reason for the move, identified by Nazabayev himself, as the sole progenitor of the idea in the first place, is that “Astana is a city-symbol, symbol of a dream which came true” about the new state and the sovereign right of the Kazakh nation. (Nazarbayev N. , 2006, p. 349) Almaty, as it is discussed in its respective chapter, was and still is under the heavy influence of the Russian and other non-Kazakh cultures. Nazarbayev obviously wished to avoid such influences while creating the nascent political and social institutions of the new Kazakh republic.
A new capital was needed to revive the Kazakh culture after it experienced a significant setback as a result of the long-lasting project of assimilation of the Kazakhs into the “Soviet nation” and the Russian culture. That is not something Nazarbayev would admit openly lest he wants to tarnish his reputation as the keeper of interethnic peace. However, he does proclaim Astana as the symbol of the new Kazakh(stani) state
257 Not unlike the public works implemented under the New Deal in the United States to combat the Great Depression of the 1930s. Incidentally, Kazakhstan implemented a “Road Map” program of public works in 2009-2010 for a similar reason: to combat the detrimental effects of the global financial crisis
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 194 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 188 of motorized vehicles which now exceeds the number of people the city was initially designed for 30 or 40 years ago. (Kazakhstan Today, 2010) The threat of a catastrophic earthquake or a devastating mudflow is still present. At the same time, the threat of the Russian separatism in the north of the country in the early 90s was even more credible and it might have caused much more damage to the country than to losing the entire city of Almaty to a natural disaster. Besides, the early 90s were also marked by a deep recession and moving the capital served its purpose as a huge project that have produced a ripple effect throughout the economy of the entire country, helping its revival. 257 However, the major reason for the move, identified by Nazabayev himself, as the sole progenitor of the idea in the first place, is that “Astana is a city-symbol, symbol of a dream which came true” about the new state and the sovereign right of the Kazakh nation. (Nazarbayev N. , 2006, p. 349) Almaty, as it is discussed in its respective chapter, was and still is under the heavy influence of the Russian and other non-Kazakh cultures. Nazarbayev obviously wished to avoid such influences while creating the nascent political and social institutions of the new Kazakh republic. A new capital was needed to revive the Kazakh culture after it experienced a significant setback as a result of the long-lasting project of assimilation of the Kazakhs into the “Soviet nation” and the Russian culture. That is not something Nazarbayev would admit openly lest he wants to tarnish his reputation as the keeper of interethnic peace. However, he does proclaim Astana as the symbol of the new Kazakh(stani) state 257 Not unlike the public works implemented under the New Deal in the United States to combat the Great Depression of the 1930s. Incidentally, Kazakhstan implemented a “Road Map” program of public works in 2009-2010 for a similar reason: to combat the detrimental effects of the global financial crisis |
