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180
Lands)
238 campaign in Kazakhstan. Akmolinsk was renamed to Tselinograd to signify its central role in this one of the largest Soviet projects undertaken on the territory of Kazakhstan. The town swelled with workers who came to the republic to turn the steppes into a giant agricultural center. The project was moderately successful, and Kazakhstan became one of the major sources of grain in the Soviet Union. The town kept its new name and a relatively large population239 through 1991, when its Kazakh name was restored as Akmola. (Astana v tsifrakh, 2010, pp. 88-89)
Akmola officially became the new capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan when on October 20, 1997, Nazarbayev have proclaimed it the seat of power for his government. This was no news because as early as in 1994, the then Supreme Soviet of Kazakhstan has made a decision to move the capital away from Almaty due to its geographical vulnerabilities, lack of room for expansion, and environmental issues. The final determination that Akmola was to become the capital was made in 1995 and in 1997 the process of moving the government agencies to this town was initiated. This marked a turning point in the history of Akmola and the entire country. In 1998, Akmola was renamed to Astana to avoid associations with an unfortunate translation from Kazakh240
238 As discussed in Chapter 1, Virgin Lands campaign was an attempt by Premier Khrushchev to revive failing agriculture of the Soviet Union in 1954 by turning the vast expanses of the Kazakh steppes into a huge farmland.
239 115 thousand in 1961, 181 thousand in 1970, 232 thousand in 1979, 281 thousand in 1989 (Astana v tsifrakh, 2010, p. 89) (Itogi perepisi naseleniia 1999 goda po g. Astany, 2000, p. 9)
240 Even though Akmola is argued to be an ancient name from the Hun language, in Kazakh it had an entirely different translation – “While Grave” which, of course, was deemed unacceptable as the name for the new capital.
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 186 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 180 Lands) 238 campaign in Kazakhstan. Akmolinsk was renamed to Tselinograd to signify its central role in this one of the largest Soviet projects undertaken on the territory of Kazakhstan. The town swelled with workers who came to the republic to turn the steppes into a giant agricultural center. The project was moderately successful, and Kazakhstan became one of the major sources of grain in the Soviet Union. The town kept its new name and a relatively large population239 through 1991, when its Kazakh name was restored as Akmola. (Astana v tsifrakh, 2010, pp. 88-89) Akmola officially became the new capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan when on October 20, 1997, Nazarbayev have proclaimed it the seat of power for his government. This was no news because as early as in 1994, the then Supreme Soviet of Kazakhstan has made a decision to move the capital away from Almaty due to its geographical vulnerabilities, lack of room for expansion, and environmental issues. The final determination that Akmola was to become the capital was made in 1995 and in 1997 the process of moving the government agencies to this town was initiated. This marked a turning point in the history of Akmola and the entire country. In 1998, Akmola was renamed to Astana to avoid associations with an unfortunate translation from Kazakh240 238 As discussed in Chapter 1, Virgin Lands campaign was an attempt by Premier Khrushchev to revive failing agriculture of the Soviet Union in 1954 by turning the vast expanses of the Kazakh steppes into a huge farmland. 239 115 thousand in 1961, 181 thousand in 1970, 232 thousand in 1979, 281 thousand in 1989 (Astana v tsifrakh, 2010, p. 89) (Itogi perepisi naseleniia 1999 goda po g. Astany, 2000, p. 9) 240 Even though Akmola is argued to be an ancient name from the Hun language, in Kazakh it had an entirely different translation – “While Grave” which, of course, was deemed unacceptable as the name for the new capital. |
