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178
offered. An overview of Astana’s economic growth will follow after that. Finally, a discussion of the identity issues facing the capital will conclude this chapter.
Historical Background
Astana is the fastest growing city in Kazakhstan and probably of all Central Asia. In a little over 10 years, its population more than doubled, increasing from 327 thousand in 1999 to 684 thousand in 2010. (Demograficheskiy ezhegodnik goroda Astany, 2010, p. 37) In a country with a little over 16 million inhabitants in total, this is remarkable, and, as mentioned previously, only a few regions including Astana are actually growing in the country while the rest are still shrinking. As a result of such rapid growth, Astana has become the second largest city in the country, with 4.2% of the total population of Kazakhstan living there. The reason for such an extraordinary transformation of a sleepy provincial town into an ultra-modern megalopolis is simple: it has been made the capital of this oil-rich country in 1997 and the following years witnessed it turning into a giant construction site which it remains to be to this day.
Astana is located in the northern part of the wind swept vast expanses of the Kazakh steppes which is home to the Kazakh Middle Horde. Perhaps, that was one the reasons why it was chosen: after all, unlike Almaty, which had been the capital of Kazakhstan for only 70 years, Astana is located at the heart of the nomadic homeland, the steppe that shaped the Kazakh nomads into what they are over the millennia. (Masanov N. , 1995) However, the location is not without issues, with its openness to the wind and
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 184 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 178 offered. An overview of Astana’s economic growth will follow after that. Finally, a discussion of the identity issues facing the capital will conclude this chapter. Historical Background Astana is the fastest growing city in Kazakhstan and probably of all Central Asia. In a little over 10 years, its population more than doubled, increasing from 327 thousand in 1999 to 684 thousand in 2010. (Demograficheskiy ezhegodnik goroda Astany, 2010, p. 37) In a country with a little over 16 million inhabitants in total, this is remarkable, and, as mentioned previously, only a few regions including Astana are actually growing in the country while the rest are still shrinking. As a result of such rapid growth, Astana has become the second largest city in the country, with 4.2% of the total population of Kazakhstan living there. The reason for such an extraordinary transformation of a sleepy provincial town into an ultra-modern megalopolis is simple: it has been made the capital of this oil-rich country in 1997 and the following years witnessed it turning into a giant construction site which it remains to be to this day. Astana is located in the northern part of the wind swept vast expanses of the Kazakh steppes which is home to the Kazakh Middle Horde. Perhaps, that was one the reasons why it was chosen: after all, unlike Almaty, which had been the capital of Kazakhstan for only 70 years, Astana is located at the heart of the nomadic homeland, the steppe that shaped the Kazakh nomads into what they are over the millennia. (Masanov N. , 1995) However, the location is not without issues, with its openness to the wind and |
