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172
Another common thread that emerges in all interviews229 is the complaint about the lack of a coherent government nation building program, something that almost everyone refers to as “national ideology”, echoing an old Soviet concept of the communist ideology in a different context. This implies that the interviewees are concerned with the lack of coherent national identity among the Kazakhs, all over Kazakhstan as well as in Almaty; and look to the government as the main factor in (re)forming Kazakh identity.
Thus, there is a certain degree of contradiction between the results of the survey and interviews: if the youth in the survey is more or less pro-Kazakh, the more mature interviewee belong to an older generation and are much more cautious and concerned with the divisions among the Kazakhs and between various ethnic groups. There is also the intervening variable the origins: many of the survey respondents are probably not originally from Almaty but rather students who came to study in the city from outside of it and as such did not spend much time in the globalized culture of megalopolis. The interviewees, on other hand, are older and lived in the former capital for some time. Therefore, it could be speculated that the former have not been exposed to the
foreigners to take over the land – in other words, just like the Kazakhs of the late 19th-early 20th century, they fear losing a vital factor of Kazakh identity which is now tied to the land.
229 Retired journalist 6/18/2009, Kazakh National University History professor, 6/20/2009, Chief editor of a Kazakh journal 7/15/2009, Kazakh leader of political opposition group 8/15/2009, Kazakh National Pedagogical University history professor 12/12/2009, Kazakh writer, linguist 8/14/2009; all refer to the ‘national ideology’ as a necessary policy that the government of Kazakhstan have so far failed to adopt or implement in order to define the nation of Kazakhstan (be that ethnic Kazakh nation or civic Kazakhstani one)
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 178 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 172 Another common thread that emerges in all interviews229 is the complaint about the lack of a coherent government nation building program, something that almost everyone refers to as “national ideology”, echoing an old Soviet concept of the communist ideology in a different context. This implies that the interviewees are concerned with the lack of coherent national identity among the Kazakhs, all over Kazakhstan as well as in Almaty; and look to the government as the main factor in (re)forming Kazakh identity. Thus, there is a certain degree of contradiction between the results of the survey and interviews: if the youth in the survey is more or less pro-Kazakh, the more mature interviewee belong to an older generation and are much more cautious and concerned with the divisions among the Kazakhs and between various ethnic groups. There is also the intervening variable the origins: many of the survey respondents are probably not originally from Almaty but rather students who came to study in the city from outside of it and as such did not spend much time in the globalized culture of megalopolis. The interviewees, on other hand, are older and lived in the former capital for some time. Therefore, it could be speculated that the former have not been exposed to the foreigners to take over the land – in other words, just like the Kazakhs of the late 19th-early 20th century, they fear losing a vital factor of Kazakh identity which is now tied to the land. 229 Retired journalist 6/18/2009, Kazakh National University History professor, 6/20/2009, Chief editor of a Kazakh journal 7/15/2009, Kazakh leader of political opposition group 8/15/2009, Kazakh National Pedagogical University history professor 12/12/2009, Kazakh writer, linguist 8/14/2009; all refer to the ‘national ideology’ as a necessary policy that the government of Kazakhstan have so far failed to adopt or implement in order to define the nation of Kazakhstan (be that ethnic Kazakh nation or civic Kazakhstani one) |
