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171
The interviews demonstrate that a rather careful approach toward the advancement of the Kazakh culture and language became a modus operandi among the intellectuals, scientists, political activists of Almaty. First and foremost, almost everyone insists on a graduated approach toward making the Kazakh language a primary means of communication. Many voice concern that a sudden transition to the Kazakh language, advocated by the Kazakh nationalists, will severely hamper the science, trade and development of Kazakhstan.
226 Even an opposition leader interviewed by the author (8/15/2009)227 does argue for a gradual transition although he is also expressing regret that it does take longer than he would like. He also expresses a deep concern with the economic development in Kazakhstan which is taking a wrong turn toward what he calls “corrupted capitalism” where rent-seeking behavior is endemic and hampers the entrepreneurship and economic growth, and promotes corruption instead. In other words, he is observing certain elements of the onset of non-national identity such as the breakdown of traditional values when people put their own individual interests ahead of that of the community, uncharacteristic for the traditional Kazakhs of the past. (Ibid)
Interviews228 also link Kazakh identity to land which demonstrates a decisive shift away from the traditional nomadic values which were less territorial. This is even more evident in Astana which will be discussed in the next chapter.
226 Kazakh writer and linguist interviewed on 8/14/2009
227 In his words: “a gradual transition to the Kazakh language is needed” for at least another 20 years – even if 18 years (at the time of interview) have already passed since independence (8/15/2009).
228 Kazakh leader of political opposition group 8/15/2009, Kazakh writer, linguist 8/14/2009, Chief editor of a Kazakh journal 7/15/2009 all express concern the with land policies of the government which allow
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 177 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 171 The interviews demonstrate that a rather careful approach toward the advancement of the Kazakh culture and language became a modus operandi among the intellectuals, scientists, political activists of Almaty. First and foremost, almost everyone insists on a graduated approach toward making the Kazakh language a primary means of communication. Many voice concern that a sudden transition to the Kazakh language, advocated by the Kazakh nationalists, will severely hamper the science, trade and development of Kazakhstan. 226 Even an opposition leader interviewed by the author (8/15/2009)227 does argue for a gradual transition although he is also expressing regret that it does take longer than he would like. He also expresses a deep concern with the economic development in Kazakhstan which is taking a wrong turn toward what he calls “corrupted capitalism” where rent-seeking behavior is endemic and hampers the entrepreneurship and economic growth, and promotes corruption instead. In other words, he is observing certain elements of the onset of non-national identity such as the breakdown of traditional values when people put their own individual interests ahead of that of the community, uncharacteristic for the traditional Kazakhs of the past. (Ibid) Interviews228 also link Kazakh identity to land which demonstrates a decisive shift away from the traditional nomadic values which were less territorial. This is even more evident in Astana which will be discussed in the next chapter. 226 Kazakh writer and linguist interviewed on 8/14/2009 227 In his words: “a gradual transition to the Kazakh language is needed” for at least another 20 years – even if 18 years (at the time of interview) have already passed since independence (8/15/2009). 228 Kazakh leader of political opposition group 8/15/2009, Kazakh writer, linguist 8/14/2009, Chief editor of a Kazakh journal 7/15/2009 all express concern the with land policies of the government which allow |
