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156
language, culture and religion but alas those hopes did not come to pass.
211 This did not mean though that the mutual interest waned, on the contrary, the cultural exchange with Turkey is growing. Each year, more and more students from Kazakhstan attend Turkish Universities. In Almaty, there are quite a few Kazakh-Turkish schools with a Muslim curriculum set up in the early 90s. Turkey is a popular tourist destination and Almaty offers an array of attractive investment opportunities for Turkish businessmen. The latter, in fact, are practically a majority among the foreign companies in Kazakhstan, in Almaty and Astana in particular.212
There is also the resurgence of Islam and strengthening connection with Arab countries. In Almaty, Arab funding went into numerous projects including mosques, schools and even a religious university Nur-Mubarak213. While the Arabs do not engage in business in Kazakhstan as much as Turkey does, they are also increasing their presence – not least through the spread of Islamic banking, which is trumpeted in Kazakhstan as very fair – implicitly opposed to the predatory western banking that caused the global financial crisis. (Nursaparova, 2010)
China also has a very large impact all over Kazakhstan, Almaty included. First, geographical proximity stimulates intensive trade, and many residents of the former capital are actually involved in the so-called shuttle trade when they buy consumer goods
211 Author’s observation
212 Author’s observation
213 Albeit it did increase the fears of penetration of extreme Islamic sects such as wahhabist into Kazakhstan.
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 162 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 156 language, culture and religion but alas those hopes did not come to pass. 211 This did not mean though that the mutual interest waned, on the contrary, the cultural exchange with Turkey is growing. Each year, more and more students from Kazakhstan attend Turkish Universities. In Almaty, there are quite a few Kazakh-Turkish schools with a Muslim curriculum set up in the early 90s. Turkey is a popular tourist destination and Almaty offers an array of attractive investment opportunities for Turkish businessmen. The latter, in fact, are practically a majority among the foreign companies in Kazakhstan, in Almaty and Astana in particular.212 There is also the resurgence of Islam and strengthening connection with Arab countries. In Almaty, Arab funding went into numerous projects including mosques, schools and even a religious university Nur-Mubarak213. While the Arabs do not engage in business in Kazakhstan as much as Turkey does, they are also increasing their presence – not least through the spread of Islamic banking, which is trumpeted in Kazakhstan as very fair – implicitly opposed to the predatory western banking that caused the global financial crisis. (Nursaparova, 2010) China also has a very large impact all over Kazakhstan, Almaty included. First, geographical proximity stimulates intensive trade, and many residents of the former capital are actually involved in the so-called shuttle trade when they buy consumer goods 211 Author’s observation 212 Author’s observation 213 Albeit it did increase the fears of penetration of extreme Islamic sects such as wahhabist into Kazakhstan. |
