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155
2009 godu, 2010, pp. 330-342) Booming retail industry, numerous shopping malls and bazaars that pepper the city’s landscape, many of which sprung in the last few years, developed a “boutique” culture among the successful Almaty residents. Many young and middle-aged Almaty residents (and even some seniors), irrespective of their ethnic background, prefer to buy western-styled clothes in various fashion stores of the city and generate demand for western beautification goods and services.
210
Such changes in the culture of the city do not go well with the conservatives and traditionalists, the Kazakhs in particular. There are vocal opponents of globalization who call for a return to the traditional values and behavior. For example, one writer explores the departure from Muslim traditions among the Kazakh youth in Almaty in his novel All Kazakhs – One Kazakh. (Kali, 2008) Another criticizes the modern clothing that women in particular brandish all over the former capital. (Kenzhebay M. , 2010) The list of such old generation intellectuals goes on and their major complaint is that the new generation of the Kazakhs, in Almaty in particular, is moving rather far, away from the traditional Kazakh values and culture, substituting them instead with the pursuit of money and material goods.
The geographic closeness to China and cultural affinity to Turkey and Middle Eastern countries also has an effect on Almaty. In the early 90s, it was expected that Turkey will come to the help of its Central Asian brethren who were all suffering a sharp downturn in economic growth (Kazakhstan in particular) – after all, they share the
210 There is of course a sharp divide between those who can afford shopping at those boutique shops and those who cannot. However, as it will be discussed further, Almaty by comparison to the rest of the country is extremely well-off and therefore there plenty of demand for boutique products.
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 161 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 155 2009 godu, 2010, pp. 330-342) Booming retail industry, numerous shopping malls and bazaars that pepper the city’s landscape, many of which sprung in the last few years, developed a “boutique” culture among the successful Almaty residents. Many young and middle-aged Almaty residents (and even some seniors), irrespective of their ethnic background, prefer to buy western-styled clothes in various fashion stores of the city and generate demand for western beautification goods and services. 210 Such changes in the culture of the city do not go well with the conservatives and traditionalists, the Kazakhs in particular. There are vocal opponents of globalization who call for a return to the traditional values and behavior. For example, one writer explores the departure from Muslim traditions among the Kazakh youth in Almaty in his novel All Kazakhs – One Kazakh. (Kali, 2008) Another criticizes the modern clothing that women in particular brandish all over the former capital. (Kenzhebay M. , 2010) The list of such old generation intellectuals goes on and their major complaint is that the new generation of the Kazakhs, in Almaty in particular, is moving rather far, away from the traditional Kazakh values and culture, substituting them instead with the pursuit of money and material goods. The geographic closeness to China and cultural affinity to Turkey and Middle Eastern countries also has an effect on Almaty. In the early 90s, it was expected that Turkey will come to the help of its Central Asian brethren who were all suffering a sharp downturn in economic growth (Kazakhstan in particular) – after all, they share the 210 There is of course a sharp divide between those who can afford shopping at those boutique shops and those who cannot. However, as it will be discussed further, Almaty by comparison to the rest of the country is extremely well-off and therefore there plenty of demand for boutique products. |
