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communication. It is remarkable that in 2009, 55.9% of Almaty school students are still taught in Russian even though many of them are obviously not of Russian ethnic background but likely to be Kazakh or other, while only 42.6% are taught in Kazakh.
199 (Almaty Administration, 2010) Nevertheless, in the last few years the language situation is slowly shifting in favor of Kazakh thanks to an influx of rural Kazakh population into the city, especially the youth.
Out of the 14 theaters in Almaty, 2 proudly identify themselves as Russian and they produce plays exclusively in the Russian language; other theaters do the same rather frequently. There as many as 13 Russian Orthodox churches plus a couple of monasteries, a chapel and a newly opened seminary; a huge number of media sources such as newspapers and TV channels are in Russian as well, and the list goes on.200
Moreover, most of the old201 buildings in city were built by the Russian architects, particularly during the Soviet Union. One the oldest and most remarkable buildings was completed in 1907: it is an Orthodox Voznesenskiy Cathedral, unique all-wood structure 54 meters (177 feet) tall erected without a single metallic nail and yet able to survive the 10 point Richter scale earthquake in 1911. It is officially included into the
199 Previously, the proportion of students taught in Russian was much higher but over the years it is shrinking, for example from 2008 to 2009 it shrunk by 1.7% (Almaty Administration, 2010)
200 Not only there are many newspapers from Russia which established local franchises in Kazakhstan, quite a few of Russian TV channels are transmitted in the city and the entire republic via satellites, and even local news teams borrow liberally from Russian news channels. Kazakh language TV shows and news, although required by law, usually are not broadcast during prime time, instead, Kazakh language occupies late night hours on many TV channels in order to comply with the law (author’s observation).
201 Thanks to intensive construction and growth after independence, the architecture of Almaty has changed significantly to reflect its more modern stature and international importance.
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 156 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 150 communication. It is remarkable that in 2009, 55.9% of Almaty school students are still taught in Russian even though many of them are obviously not of Russian ethnic background but likely to be Kazakh or other, while only 42.6% are taught in Kazakh. 199 (Almaty Administration, 2010) Nevertheless, in the last few years the language situation is slowly shifting in favor of Kazakh thanks to an influx of rural Kazakh population into the city, especially the youth. Out of the 14 theaters in Almaty, 2 proudly identify themselves as Russian and they produce plays exclusively in the Russian language; other theaters do the same rather frequently. There as many as 13 Russian Orthodox churches plus a couple of monasteries, a chapel and a newly opened seminary; a huge number of media sources such as newspapers and TV channels are in Russian as well, and the list goes on.200 Moreover, most of the old201 buildings in city were built by the Russian architects, particularly during the Soviet Union. One the oldest and most remarkable buildings was completed in 1907: it is an Orthodox Voznesenskiy Cathedral, unique all-wood structure 54 meters (177 feet) tall erected without a single metallic nail and yet able to survive the 10 point Richter scale earthquake in 1911. It is officially included into the 199 Previously, the proportion of students taught in Russian was much higher but over the years it is shrinking, for example from 2008 to 2009 it shrunk by 1.7% (Almaty Administration, 2010) 200 Not only there are many newspapers from Russia which established local franchises in Kazakhstan, quite a few of Russian TV channels are transmitted in the city and the entire republic via satellites, and even local news teams borrow liberally from Russian news channels. Kazakh language TV shows and news, although required by law, usually are not broadcast during prime time, instead, Kazakh language occupies late night hours on many TV channels in order to comply with the law (author’s observation). 201 Thanks to intensive construction and growth after independence, the architecture of Almaty has changed significantly to reflect its more modern stature and international importance. |
