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138
This was not a welcome change for the residents of Almaty who enjoyed living in the capital of the republic. Prior to independence, the status of the capital meant various economic and cultural benefits granted to Almaty by Moscow: extra subsidies for development and other fringe economic benefits,
184 better infrastructure, education, entertainment, service industry, etc. After independence, Almaty still had better economic opportunities compared to any other part of Kazakhstan which overall was suffering from the rapid economic decline. It had the advantage of hosting the government which was building itself up and recruiting heavily new cadres as well as reconstructing the city to turn it into the face of the newly independent state.
Moreover, Almaty became the gateway to the world after 1991. Finally, travelling abroad became much easier without the interference and control exerted by Moscow which inhibited even the freedom of movement of the few Kazakh diplomats who worked at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. (Isinaliev, 2003, p. 203) In the early 1990s, the capital hosted a number of international conferences and exhibits: for the first time in many years the city had received significant attention from the world boosting its standing from a provincial town within the Soviet Union to an international capital. (Ibid, p. 206) Almaty also became the destination for a large number of foreign investors courting the leadership of the republic during what some call “The Sale of the Century” in the early 1990s: this was the time when a large number of highly profitable enterprises of the republic were auctioned off for pennies to a
184 Such as larger salaries, wider choice and better availability of manufactured products, improved opportunities for advancement and so on
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 144 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 138 This was not a welcome change for the residents of Almaty who enjoyed living in the capital of the republic. Prior to independence, the status of the capital meant various economic and cultural benefits granted to Almaty by Moscow: extra subsidies for development and other fringe economic benefits, 184 better infrastructure, education, entertainment, service industry, etc. After independence, Almaty still had better economic opportunities compared to any other part of Kazakhstan which overall was suffering from the rapid economic decline. It had the advantage of hosting the government which was building itself up and recruiting heavily new cadres as well as reconstructing the city to turn it into the face of the newly independent state. Moreover, Almaty became the gateway to the world after 1991. Finally, travelling abroad became much easier without the interference and control exerted by Moscow which inhibited even the freedom of movement of the few Kazakh diplomats who worked at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. (Isinaliev, 2003, p. 203) In the early 1990s, the capital hosted a number of international conferences and exhibits: for the first time in many years the city had received significant attention from the world boosting its standing from a provincial town within the Soviet Union to an international capital. (Ibid, p. 206) Almaty also became the destination for a large number of foreign investors courting the leadership of the republic during what some call “The Sale of the Century” in the early 1990s: this was the time when a large number of highly profitable enterprises of the republic were auctioned off for pennies to a 184 Such as larger salaries, wider choice and better availability of manufactured products, improved opportunities for advancement and so on |
