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135
how the events are now interpreted by the Kazakh nationalist activists. In truth, however, the exact magnitude or causes, number of participants and casualties is yet to be revealed as the archive materials on the matter remain closed, generating a certain degree of controversy in the media. In particular this concerns the role Elbasy
178 played in this drama. (Ryskozha, 2009) What is certain is that Zheltoqsan has reaffirmed Zhety-su’s status as the cradle of the Kazakh national consciousness and provided legitimacy to the claim for independence – even if it was still bestowed by outside powers rather than fought for by the Kazakhs in 1991.
Almaty’s history offers much to be proud of. It was the center of the urban life in the republic for many years. Almaty owes much in terms of its development and growth to the Soviet Union, there is no denying that, and it gives its Russian residents immense satisfaction in knowing that their people and homeland have contributed to the primacy of the former capital in Kazakhstan – even after it has lost its status as such. The Tran-Siberian railroad which connected Almaty to Russia and to the world in 1927 established the foundation for the economic prosperity of the city, which is now the largest economic entity in the republic, as it will be discussed below. In addition, World War 2 ironically provided a boost to the economy of Almaty when a significant number of Soviet factories and manufacturing facilities were evacuated to the city to prevent them from falling into the hands of the rapidly advancing German armies. This made Almaty a major industrial center in Central Asia. Within 6 months after the Nazi attack
178 Elbasy is now the official title of Nazarbayev, the president of Kazakhstan: it basically means ‘father of the nation’, eerily similar to Turkmenbashi title adopted by late Niyazov, extremely authoritarian and extravagant ruler of Turkmenistan
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 141 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 135 how the events are now interpreted by the Kazakh nationalist activists. In truth, however, the exact magnitude or causes, number of participants and casualties is yet to be revealed as the archive materials on the matter remain closed, generating a certain degree of controversy in the media. In particular this concerns the role Elbasy 178 played in this drama. (Ryskozha, 2009) What is certain is that Zheltoqsan has reaffirmed Zhety-su’s status as the cradle of the Kazakh national consciousness and provided legitimacy to the claim for independence – even if it was still bestowed by outside powers rather than fought for by the Kazakhs in 1991. Almaty’s history offers much to be proud of. It was the center of the urban life in the republic for many years. Almaty owes much in terms of its development and growth to the Soviet Union, there is no denying that, and it gives its Russian residents immense satisfaction in knowing that their people and homeland have contributed to the primacy of the former capital in Kazakhstan – even after it has lost its status as such. The Tran-Siberian railroad which connected Almaty to Russia and to the world in 1927 established the foundation for the economic prosperity of the city, which is now the largest economic entity in the republic, as it will be discussed below. In addition, World War 2 ironically provided a boost to the economy of Almaty when a significant number of Soviet factories and manufacturing facilities were evacuated to the city to prevent them from falling into the hands of the rapidly advancing German armies. This made Almaty a major industrial center in Central Asia. Within 6 months after the Nazi attack 178 Elbasy is now the official title of Nazarbayev, the president of Kazakhstan: it basically means ‘father of the nation’, eerily similar to Turkmenbashi title adopted by late Niyazov, extremely authoritarian and extravagant ruler of Turkmenistan |
